DRAFT EPA/600/P-95/002Bc
DO NOT QUOTE OR CITE August 1996
SAB Review Draft
EXPOSURE FACTORS HANDBOOK
VOLUME III of m - ACTIVITY FACTORS
Update to Exposure Factors Handbook
EPA/600/8-89/043 - May 1989
NOTICE
THIS DOCUMENT IS A PRELIMINARY DRAFT. It has not been formally
released by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and should not at this
stage be construed to represent Agency policy. It is being circulated for
comments on its technical accuracy and policy implications.
Office of Research and Development
National Center for Environmental Assessment
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
^ry
roy Printed on Recycled Paper
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DISCLAIMER
This document is a draft report subject to review by the Science Advisory Board. Mention of trade names
or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
The National Center for Environmental Assessment (NGEA) of EPA's Office of Research and Development
(ORD) has five main functions: (1) providing risk assessment research, methods, and guidelines; (2) performing
health and ecological assessments; (3) developing, maintaining, and transferring risk assessment information and
training; (4) helping ORD set research priorities; and (5) developing and maintaining resource support systems for
NCEA. The activities under each of these functions are supported by and respond to the needs of the various
program offices. In relation to the first function, NCEA sponsors projects aimed at developing or refining techniques
used in exposure assessments.
This handbook was first published in 1989 to provide statistical data on the various factors used in assessing
exposure. This revised version of the handbook provides the up-to-date data on these exposure factors. The
recommended values are based solely on our interpretations of the available data. In many situations different values
may be appropriate to use in consideration of policy, precedent or other factors.
Michael A. Callahan
Director
National Center for Environmental
Assessment, Washington Office
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August 1996 HI
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PREFACE
Tlie National Center for Environmental Assessment has prepared this handbook to address factors
commonly used in exposure assessments. This handbook was first published in 1989 in response to requests from
many EPA Program and Regional offices for additional guidance on how to select values for exposure factors.
Several events sparked the efforts to revise the Exposure Factors Handbook. First, since its publication in
1989, new data have become available. Second, the Risk Assessment Council issued a memorandum titled,
"Guidance on Risk Characterization for Risk Managers and Risk Assessors", dated February 26, 1992 which
emphasized the use of multiple descriptors of risk (i.e., a measure of tendency such as average or mean central
tendency, high end of individual risk, population risk, important subpopulations). Third, EPA published the revised
Guidelines for Exposure Assessment.
As pan of the efforts to revise the handbook, the EPA Risk Assessment Forum sponsored a two-day peer
involvement workshop which was conducted during the summer of 1993. The workshop was attended by 57
scientists from academia, consulting firms, private industry, the states, and other Federal agencies. The purpose of
the workshop was to identify new data sources, to discuss adequacy of the data and the feasibility of developing
statistical distributions and to establish priorities.
As a result of the workshop, two new chapters have been added to the handbook. These chapters are:
Consumer Product Use and the Reference Residence. This document also provides a summary of the available data
on consumption of drinking water; consumption of fruits, vegetables, beef, dairy products, and fish; soil ingestion;
inhalation rates; skin surface area; soil adherence; lifetime; activity patterns; and body weight.
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AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS
The National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), Office of Research and Development was
responsible for the preparation of this handbook. The original document was prepared by Versar Inc. under EPA
Contract No. 68-02-4254, Work Assignment No. 189. John Schaum, of NCEA-Washington Office, served as the
EPA Work Assignment Manager, providing overall direction and coordination of the production effort as well as
technical assistance and guidance. Revisions, updates, and additional preparation were provided by Versar Inc.
under Contract Numbers 68-DO-0101, 68-D3-0013, and 68-D5-OOS1, Russell Kinerson and Greg Kew have served
as EPA Work Assignment Managers during previous efforts of the update process. Jackie Moya served as Work
Assignment Manager for the current updated version, providing overall direction, technical assistance, and serving as
contributing author.
AUTHORS DESKTOP PUBLISHING GRAPHICS
Patricia Wood Susan Perry Kathy Bowles
Linda Phillips Jennifer Baker
Aderonke Adenuga WORD PROCESSING
Mike Koontz
Harry Rector Valerie Schwartz
Charles Wilkes
Margaret Wilson
Exposure Assessment Division
Versar Inc.
Springfield, VA
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
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CONTRIBUTORS AND REVIEWERS
The following EPA individuals have reviewed and/or have been contributing authors of this document.
Michael Dellarco
Robert McGaughy
Amy Mills
Jacqueline Moya
Susan Perlin
Paul Pinsky
John Schaum
Paul White
Amina Wilkins
Chieh Wu
An earlier draft of this document was peer reviewed by a panel of experts at a peer-review workshop held in
1995. Members of the Peer Review Panel were as follows:
Edward Avol
Department of Preventive Medicine
School of Medicine
University of Southern California
James Axley
School of Architecture
Yale University
David Burmaster
Alceon Corporation
Steven Colome
Integrated Environmental Services
Michael DiNovi
Chemistry Review Branch
U.S. Food & Drug Administration
Dennis Druck
Environmental Scientist
Center of Health Promotion & Preventive
Medicine
U.S. Army
J. Mark Fly
Department of Forestry, Wildlife, & Fisheries
University of Tennessee
Larry Gephart
Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc.
Patricia Guenther
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center
U.S. Department of Agriculture
P.J. (Bert) Hakkinen
Paper Product Development & Paper Technology
Divisions
The Proctor & Gamble Company
Mary Hama
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Dennis Jones
Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry
John Kissel
Department of Environmental Health
School of Public Health & Community Medicine
Neil Klepeis
Information Systems & Services, Inc.
Andrew Persily
National Institute of Standards & Technologies
Barbara Petersen
Technical Assessment Systems, Inc.
Thomas Phillips
Research Division
California Air Resources Board
Paul Price
ChemRisk
John Risher
Division of Toxicology
The Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry
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John Robinson
University of Maryland
Peter Robinson
the Proctor & Gamble Company
P. Barry Ryan
Department of Environmental & Occupational
Health
Rollins School of Public Health
Emory University
Val Schaet'fer
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
Brad Shurdut
DowElanco
John Talbott
U.S. Department of Energy
Frances Vecchio
Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center
U.S. Department of Agriculture
The following individuals within EPA have reviewed an earlier draft of this document and provided valuable
comments:
OFFICE
REVIEWERS/CONTRJBUTORS
Office of Research and Development
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
Office of Pollution, Pesticides and Toxic
Substances
Maurice Berry
Jerry Blancato
Elizabeth Bryan
Curtis Dary
Stan Durkee
Manuel Gomez
Wayne Marchant
Sue Perlin
James Quanckenboss
Glen Rice
Lance Wallace
Jim Konz
Pat Kennedy
Cathy Fehrenbacker
Office of Water
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
EPA Regions
Denis Borum
Warren Peters
Steve Ehlers - Reg. VI
Maria Martinez - Reg. VI
Mike Monon - Reg. VI
Jeffrey Yurk - Reg. VI
Youngmoo Kim - Reg. VI
In addition, the National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL) of the Office of Research and
Development of EPA made an important contribution to this handbook by conducting additional analysis of the
National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) data. EPA input to the NHAPS data analysis came from Karen
A. Hammerstrom and Jacqueline Moya from NCEA-Washington Office; William C. Nelson from NERL-RTP, and
Stephen C. Hem, Joseph V. Behar (retired), and William H. Englemann from NERL-Las Vegas.
Exposure Factors Handbook
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
1.1. PURPOSE
1.2. INTENDED AUDIENCE
1.3. BACKGROUND
1.3.1. Selection of Studies for the Handbook
1.3.2. Using the Handbook in an Exposure Assessment
1.3.3. Approach Used to Develop Recommendations for Exposure Factors
1.3.4. Characterizing Variability
-3
-4
-5
1.4. GENERAL EQUATION FOR CALCULATING DOSE 1-10
1.5. RESEARCH NEEDS 1-12
1.6. ORGANIZATION 1-12
1.7. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 1 1-13
APPENDIX 1A 1A-1
2. ANALYSIS OF UNCERTAINTY 2-1
2.1. CONCERN ABOUT UNCERTAINTY 2-1
2.2. UNCERTAINTY VERSUS VARIABILITY 2-2
2.3. TYPES OF UNCERTAINTY 2-2
2.4. TYPES OF VARIABILITY 2-4
2.5. METHODS OF ANALYZING UNCERTAINTY AND VARIABILITY 2-5
2.6. PRESENTING RESULTS OF UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS 2-8
2.7. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 2 2-9
3. DRINKING WATER INTAKE 3-1
3.1. BACKGROUND 3-1
3.2. KEY GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES ON DRINKING WATER INTAKE 3-1
3.3. RELEVANT GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES ON DRINKING WATER INTAKE . . 3-10
3.4. PREGNANT AND LACTATING WOMEN 3-21
3.5. HIGH ACTIVITY LEVELS/HOT CLIMATES 3-23
3.6. RECOMMENDATIONS 3-25
3.7. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 3 3-31
4. SOIL INGESTION AND PICA 4-1
4.1 BACKGROUND 4-1
4.2. KEY STUDIES ON SOIL INTAKE AMONG CHILDREN 4-1
4.3. RELEVANT STUDIES ON SOIL INTAKE AMONG CHILDREN 4-11
4,4. SOIL INTAKE AMONG ADULTS 4-17
4.5. PREVALENCE OF PICA 4-18
4.6. DELIBERATE SOIL INGESTION AMONG CHILDREN 4-19
4.7. RECOMMENDATIONS 4-19
4.8. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 4 4-24
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
5. INHALATION ROUTE . . . . 5-1
5.1. EXPOSURE EQUATION FOR INHALATION 5-1
5.2. INHALATION RATE 5-1
5.3. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 5 . . 5-25
APPENDIX 5A . . . . . 5A-1
6. DERMALROUTE 6-1
6.1. EQUATION FOR DERMAL DOSE 6-1
6.2. SURFACE AREA 6-2
6.3. DERMAL ADHERENCE TO SOIL 6-6
6.4. RECOMMENDATIONS 6-8
6.5. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 6 6-9
APPENDIX 6A 6A-1
7. BODY WEIGHT STUDIES 7-1
7.1. KEY BODY WEIGHT STUDY 7-1
7.2. RELEVANT BODY WEIGHT STUDIES 7-6
7.3. RECOMMENDATIONS - 7-7
7.4. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 7 7-7
8. LIFETIME 8-
•8.1. KEY STUDY ON LIFETIME >.. 8-
8.2. RECOMMENDATIONS '.... 8-
8.3. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 8 :..... 8-
9. INTAKE OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 9-
9.1. BACKGROUND 9-
9.2. INTAKE STUDIES 9-2
9.3. RECOMMENDATIONS 9-«
9.4. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 9 ....9-9
APPENDIX 9A 9A-1
APPENDIX 9B 9B-I
10. INTAKE OF FISH AND SHELLFISH 10-1
10.1. BACKGROUND 10-1
10.2. KEY GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10-2
10.3. RELEVANT GENERAL POPULATION STUDIES 10-12
10.4. KEY RECREATIONAL (MARINE FISH STUDIES) 10-17
10.5 RELEVANT RECREATIONAL MARINE STUDIES 10-22
10.6. KEY FRESHWATER RECREATIONAL STUDIES 10-26
10.7. RELEVANT FRESHWATER RECREATIONAL STUDIES 1 . . . . 10-34
10.8. NATIVE AMERICAN FRESHWATER STUDIES 10-36
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
10.9 OTHER FACTORS 10-44
10.10. RECOMMENDATIONS 10-49
10.11 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 10 10-52
APPENDIX 10A 10A-I
APPENDIX 10B , iOB-I
Al'i'KNWX IOC '..,,.. ...,.,...... rrv,.; :..... . ....... r,-. -.:. IOC-1
II. INTAKE OFMEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS I !-l
11.1. . INTAKE STUDIES 11-1
11.2. FAT CONTENT OF MEAT AND DAIRY PRODUCTS 11-5
11.3. CONVERSION BETWEEN AS CONSUMED AND DRY WEIGHT INTAKE RATES 11-6
11.4. RECOMMENDATIONS 11-6
11.5. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 11 11-7
APPENDIX 11A 11 A-l
12. INTAKE RATES FOR VARIOUS HOME PRODUCED FOOD ITEMS 12-1
12.1. BACKGROUND 12-1
12.2. METHODS , 12-2
12.3. RESULTS 12-8
12.4. ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS 12-9
12.5. RECOMMENDATIONS 12-9
12.6. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 12 12-10
APPENDIX 12A I2A-I
13. BREAST MILK INTAKE 13-1
13.1. BACKGROUND 13-1
13.2. KEY STUDIES ON BREAST MILK INTAKE 13-1
13.3. OTHER RELEVANT STUDIES ON BREAST MELK INTAKE.... 13-4
13.4. KEY STUDIES ON LIPID CONTENT AND FAT INTAKE FROM BREAST MILK 13-5
13.5. OTHER FACTORS 13-6
13.6. RECOMMENDATIONS 13-8
13.7 REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 13 13-10
14. ACTIVITY FACTORS 14-1
14.1. ACTIVITY PATTERNS 14-1
14.2. OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY . 14-10
14,3. POPULATION MOBILITY 14-11
14.4. RECOMMENDATIONS -. . . 14-14
14.5. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 1 14-16
APPENDIX 14A 14A-1
APPENDIX 14B 14B-1
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
15, CONSUMER PRODUCTS 15-1
15.1. BACKGROUND 15-1
15,2. KEY CONSUMER PRODUCTS USE STUDIES 15-1
15.3. RELEVANT CONSUMER PRODUCTS USE STUDY 15-4
15.4. RECOMMENDATIONS 15-5
15.5. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 15 15-5
APPENDIX ISA 15A-1
16. REFERENCE RESIDENCE 16-1
16.1. INTRODUCTION 16-1
16.2. BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS 16-2
16.3. TRANSPORT RATES ;...., 16-8
16.4. SOURCES 16-22
16.5. ADVANCED CONCEPTS 16-24
16.6 RECOMMENDATIONS 16-25
16.7. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 16 16-25
GLOSSARY G-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1. Considerations Used to Rate Confidence in Recommended Values 1-6
Table 1-2. Summary of Exposure Factor Recommendations and Confidence Ratings 1-7
Table 1-3, Characterization of Variability in Exposure Factors 1-9
Table 1A-1. Procedures for Modifying IRIS Risk Values for Non-standard
Populations 1A-4
Table 2-1. Three Types of Uncertainty and Associated Sources and Examples 2-3
Table 2-2, Approaches to Quantitative Analysis of Uncertainty 2-6
Table 3-1. Daily Total Tapwater Intake Distribution for Canadians, by Age Group
(Approx. 0.20 L Increments, Both Sexes, Combined Seasons) 3-2
Table 3-2. Average Daily Tapwater Intake of Canadians (expressed as milliliters
per kilogram body weight) 3-3
Table 3-3. Average Daily Total Tapwater Intake of Canadians, by Age and
Season (L/day) 3-4
Table 3-4. Average Daily Total Tapwater Intake of Canadians as a Function of
Level of Physical Activity at Work and in Spare Time {16 years and
Older, Combined Seasons, L/day) 3-4
Table 3-5. Average Daily Tapwater Intake Apportioned Among Various
Beverages (Both Sexes, by Age, Combined Seasons, L/day) 3-5
Table 3-6. Total Tapwater Intake (mL/day) for Both Sexes Combired 3-6
Table 3-7. Total Tapwater Intake (mL/kg-day) for Both Sexes Combined 3-7
Table 3-8. Summary of Tapwater Intake by Age 3-8
Table 3-9. Total Tapwater Intake (as Percent of Total Water Intake) by Broad
Age Category 3-8
Table 3-10. General Dietary Sources of Tapwater for Both Sexes 3-9
Table 3-11. Summary Statistics for Best-Fit Lognormal Distributions for Water
Intake Rates 3-10
Table 3-12. Estimated Quantiles and Means for Total Tapwater Intake
Rates (mL/day) . 3-11
Table 3-13. Average Total Tapwater Intake Rate by Sex. Age, and Geographic
Area •. .• 3-11
Table 3-14. Frequency Distribution of Total Tapwater Intake Rates 3-12
Table 3-15. Intake Rates of Total Fluids and Total Tapwater by Age Group 3-12
Table 3-16. Mean Per Capita Drinking Water Intake Based on USDA, CSFII Data
From 1989-91 (mL/day) 3-13
Table 3-17. Assumed Tapwater Content of Beverages 3-14
Table 3-18. Intake of Total Liquid, Total Tapwater, and Various Beverages
(L/day) 3-16
Table 3-19, Summary of Total Liquid and Total Tapwater Intake for Males
and Females (L/day) 3-17
Table 3-20. Mean and Standard Error for the Daily Intake of
Beverages and Tapwater by Age " 3-18
Table 3-21. Measured Fluid Intakes (mL/day) 3-18
Table 3-22. Number of Glases of Tapwater Consumed in 24-Hour Period 3-19
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 3-23. Number of Glasses of Juice Reconstituted with Tapwater Consumed
in 24-Hour Period 3-20
Table 3-24. Total Fluid Intake of Women 15-49 Years Old 3-22
Table 3-25. Total Tapwater Intake of Women 15-49 Years Old V . 3-22
Table 3-26. Total Fluid (mL/Day) Derived from Various Dietary Sources by
Women Aged 15-49 Years 3-23
Table 3-27. Water Intake at Various Activity Levels (L/hr) . 3-24
Table 3-28. Planning Factors for Individual Tapwater Consumption 3-25
Table 3-29. Drinking Water Intake Surveys .3-26
Table 3-30. Summary of Recommended Drinking Water Intake Rates 3-29
Table 3-31. Confidence in Tapwater Intake Recommendations 3-30
Table 4-1. Distribution of Average (Mean) Daily Soil Ingestion Estimates
per Child for 64 Children 4-2
Table 4-2. Estimated Distribution of Individual Mean Daily Soil Ingestion Based
on Data for 64 Subjects . 4-2
Table 4-3. Estimated Daily Soil Ingestion Based on Aluminum, Silicon, and
Titanium Concentrations 4-4
Table 4-4. Calculated Soil Ingestion by Nursery School Children 4-5
Table 4-5. Calculated Soil Ingestion by Hospitalized, Bedridden Children 4-5
Table 4-6. Geometric Mean (GM) and Standard Deviation (GSD) LTM Values
for Children at Daycare Centers and Campgrounds 4-6
Table 4-7. Estimated Geometric Mean LTM Values of Children Attending
Day-Care Centers According to Age, Weather Category, and
Sampling Period . 4-7
Table 4-8. Average Daily Soil Ingestion Values Based on Aluminum, Silicon,
and Titanium as Tracer Elements . . 4-8
Table 4-9. Mean and Standard Deviation Percentage Recovery of Eight
Tracer Elements . 4-9
Table 4-10. Soil and Dust Ingestion Estimates for Children Aged 1-4 Years . 4-10
Table 4-1J. Estimated Soil Ingestion Rate Summary Statistics and
Parameters for Distributions Using Binder et al. (1986) Data
with Actual Fecal Weights 4-12
Table 4-12. Estimates of Soil Ingestion for Children 4-13
Table 4-13. Tukey's Multiple Comparison of Mean Log Tracer Recovery in
Adults Ingesting Known Quantities of Soil 4-14
Table 4-14. Positive/Negative Error (bias) in Soil Ingestion Estimates in the
Calabrese et al. (1989) Mass-balance Study 4-15
Table 4-15. Soil Ingestion Rates for Assessment Purposes 4-16
Table 4-16. Estimates of Soil Ingestion for Adults 4-17
Table 4-17. Adult Daily Soil Ingestion by Week and Tracer Element After
Subtracting Food and Capsule Ingestion, Based on Median Amherst
Soil Concentrations: Means and Medians Over Subjects (mg) 4-18
Table 4-18. Daily Soil Ingestion Estimation in a Soil-Pica Child by Tracer and
by Week (mg/day) . . 4-19
Table 4-19. Ratios of Soil, Dust, and Residual Fecal Samples in the Pica Child . 4-20
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 4-20. Soil Intake Studies , , 4-21
Table 4-21, Confidence in Soil Intake Recommendation 4-23
Table 4-22. Summary of Recommended Values for Soil Ingestion 4-24
Table 5-1. Comparisons of Estimated Basal Metabolic Rates (BMR) with
Average Food-energy Intakes for Individuals Sampled in
the 1977-78 NFCS 5-3
Table 5-2. Daily Inhalation Rates Calculated from Food-Energy Intakes 5-4
Table 5-3. Daily Inhalation Rates Obtained from the Ratios Of Total
Energy Expenditure to Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) 5-5
Table 5 4. Daily Initiation Rates Based on Time-Activity Survey 5-7
Table 55, Initiation Rates for Short-Tenn Exposures 5-6
Table 5-6. Calibration and Field Protocols for Self-Monitoring of Activities
Grouped by Subject Panels 5-9
Table 5-7. Subject Panel Inhalation Rates (IR) by Mean IR, Upper
Percentiles, and Self-Estimated Breathing Rates , 5-9
Table 5-8. Distributions of Individual and Group Inhalation/Ventilation Rate for
Outdoor Workers ,. . 5-10
Table 5-9. Individual Mean Inhalation Rate (mVhr) by Self-Estimated
Breathing Rate or Job Activity Category for Outdoor Workers 5-11
Table 5-10. Distribution of HR and Predicted IR, by Location and Activity Levels
for Elementary (EL) and High School (HS) Students 5-12
Table 5-11. Average Hours Spent per Day in a Given Location and Activity
Level for Elementary (EL) and High School (HS) Students 5-13
Table 5-12, Distribution Patterns of Daily Inhalation Rates for Elementary (EL)
and High School Students (HS) Grouped by Activity Level 5-13
Table 5-13. Summary of Average Inhalation Rates (mVhr) by Age Group and
Activity Levels for Laboratory Protocols 5-14
Table 5-14. Summary of Average Inhalation Rates (mVhr) by Age Group and
Activity Levels in Field Protocols , 5-15
Table 5-15. Distribution Pattern of Predicted VR and EVR (Equivalent
Ventilation Rate) for Outdoor Workers "... 5-17
Table 5-16. Distribution Pattern of Inhalation Rate by Location and
Activity Type for Outdoor Workers 5-18
Table 5-17. Actual Inhalation Rates Measured at Four Ventilation Levels 5-18
Table 5-18. Summary of Human Inhalation Rates for Men, Women, and Children
by Activity Level (m'/hour) 5-19
Table 5-19. Activity Pattern Data Aggregated for Three Microenvironments
by Activity Level for all Age Groups 5-20
Table 5-20. Summary of Daily Inhalation Rates Grouped by Age and Activity
Level . . 5-20
Table 5-21. Daily Inhalation Rates Estimated From Daily Activities 5-20
Table 5-22, Confidence in Inhalation Rate Recommendations 5-21
Table 5-23. Summary of Recommended Values for Inhalation 5-22
Table 5-24. Summary of Inhalation Rate Studies 5-23
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Page No.
APPENDIX 5A
Table 5A-1. Statistics of the Age/Gender Cohorts Used to Develop Regression
Equations for Predicting Basal Metabolic Rates (BMR)
(from Schofield, 1985) 5A-3
Table 5A-2. Characteristics of Individual Subjects: Anthroponietric Data,
Job Categories, Calibration Results 5A-3
Table 5A-3. Mean Minute Ventilation (VE, L/min) by Group and Activity for
Laboratory Protocols 5A-4
Table 5A-4. Mean Minute Ventilation (VE, L/min) by Group and Activity for
Field Protocols 5A-4
Table 5A-5. _ Estimated Minute Ventilation Associated with Activity Level for
Average Male Adult 5A-5
Table 5A-6. Minute Ventilation Ranges by Age, Sex, and Activity Level 5A-6
Table 5A-7. Reference Values Obtained From Various Literature Sources 5A-7
Table 6-1. Summary of Equation Parameters for Calculating Adult Body
Surface Area 6-12
Table 6-2. Surface Area of Adult Males in Square Meters 6-13
Table 6-3. Surface Area of Adult Females in Square Meters 6-13
Table 6-4. Surface Area of Body pan for Adults (nr) 6-14
Table 6-5. Percentage of Total Body Surface Area by Part for Adults 6-14
Table 6-6. Total Body Surface Area of Male Children in Square Meters 6-15
Table 6-7. Total Body Surface Area of Female Children in Square Meters . : 6-15
Table 6-8. Percentage of Total Body Surface Area by Body Pan for Children .'. . 6-16
Table 6-9. Descriptive Statistics for Surface Area/BodyWeight Ratios (nr/kg) 6-17
Table 6-10. Statistical Results for Total Body Surface Area Distributions (nr) 6-17
Table 6-11. Skin Coverage with Soil by Body Part and Activity 6-17
Table 6-12. Summary of Field Studies 6-20
Table 6-13. Mean Soil Adherence by Activity and Body Region 6-21
Table 6-14. Surface Area Studies 6-22
. Table 6-15. Summary of Recommended Values for Skin Surface Area , 6-23
Table 6-16. Confidence in Body Surface Area Measurement Recommendation 6-23
Table 6-17. Confidence in Dermal Adherence Recommendations 6-24
Table 6-18. Summary of Soil Adherence Studies 6-25
Table 6-A1. Estimated Parameter Values for Different Age Intervals 6-A5
Table 6-A2. Summary of Surface Area Parameter Values for the DuBois and
DuBois Model 6-A6
Table 7-1. Body Weights of Adults (kilograms) 7-1
Table 7-2. Body Weights of Children (kilograms) 7-1
Table 7-3. Weight in Kilograms for Males 18-74 Years of Age-Number
Examined, Mean, Standard Deviation, and Selected Percentiles,
by Race and Age: United States, 1976-1980 -. . 7-2
Table 7-4. Weight in Kilograms for Females 18-74 Years of Age-Number
Examined, Mean, Standard Deviation, and Selected Percentiles,
by Race and Age: United States, 1976-1980 . 7-3
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 7-5. Weight in Kilograms for Males 6 Months-19 Years of Age--
Number Examined, Mean, Standard Deviation, and Selected
Percentiles, by Sex and Age: United States, 1976-1980 7-4
Table 7-6. Weight in Kilograms for Females 6 Months-19 Years of Age--
Number Examined, Mean, Standard Deviation, and Selected
Percentiles, by Sex and Age: United States, 1976-1980 7-5
Table 7-7. Statistics for Probability Plot Regression Analyses
Female's Body Weights 6 Months to 20 Years of Age 7-6
Table 7-8. Statistics for Probability Plot Regression Analyses
Male's Body Weights 6 Months to 20 Years of Age 7-6
Table 7-9. Summary of Body Weight Studies ; . 7-8
Table 7-10. Summary of Recommended Values for Body Weight 7-8
Table 7-11. Confidence in Body Weight Recommendations . . 7-14
Table 8-1. Expectation of Life at Birth, 1970 to 1993, and Projections,
1995 to 2010 8-2
Table 8-2. Confidence in Lifetime Expectancy Recommendations 8-3
Table 9-1. Sub-category Codes and Definitions Used in the CSFII
1989-91 Analysis 9-4
Table 9-2. Weighted and Unweighted Number of Observations for CSFII Data
Used in Analysis of Food Intake 9-5
Table 9-3. Intake of Total Fruits (g/kg-day) 9-11
Table 9-4. Intake of Total Vegetables (g/kg-day) . 9-12
Table 9-5. Intake of Individual Fruits and Vegetables (g/kg-day) 9-13
Table 9-6. Intake of USD A Categories of Fruits and Vegetables (g/kg-day) 9-19
Table 9-7. Intake of Exposed, Protected, and Root Fruits and
Vegetables (g/kg-day) 9-20
Table 9-8. Quantity ("as consumed") of Fruits and Vegetables Consumed
Per Eating Occasion and the Percentage of Individuals Using
These Foods in 3 Days 9-21
Table 9-9. Mean Per Capita Intake Rates (as consumed) for Fruits and
Vegetables Based on All Sex/Age/Demographic Subgroups - 9-22
Table 9-10. Mean Total Fruit Intake in a Day by Sex and Age (1977-1978) 9-29.
Table 9-11. Mean Total Fruit Intake in a Day by Sex and Age (1987-1988) 9-29
Table 9-12. Mean Total Vegetable Intake in a Day by Sex and Age (1977-1978) 9-30
Table 9-13. Mean Total Vegetable Intake in a Day by Sex and Age (1987-1988) 9-30
Table 9-14. Mean and Standard Error for the Per Capita Daily Intake of
Food Class and Subclass by Region (g/day "as consumed") 9-31
Table 9-15, Mean and Standard Error for the Daily Intake of Food
Subclasses Per Capita by Age (g/day "as consumed") 9-32
Table 9-16, Consumption of Foods (g dry weight/day) for Different Age Groups
and Estimated Lifetime Average Daily Food Intakes for a US Citizen
(averaged across sex) Calculated from the FDA Diet Data 9-33
Table 9-17. Mean Daily Intake of Foods (grams) Based on the Nutrition
Canada Dietary Survey 9-33
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 9-18. Per Capita Consumption of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in 1991 9-34
Table 9-19. Mean Moisture Content of Selected Fruits. Vegetables, and Grains
expressed as Percentages of Edible Portions 9-35
Table 9-20. Summary of Fruit and Vegetable Intake Studies 9-38
Table 9-21, Summary of Recommended Values for Per Capita Intake
of Fruits and Vegetables and Serving Size 9-39
Table 9 22, Confidence in Fruit and Vegetable Intake Recommendations 9-40
Table 9-23. Confidence in Fruits and Vegetable Serving Size Recommendations 9-41
Table 9A-1. Fraction of Grain and Meat Mixture Intake Represented by
Various Food Items/Groups 9A-3
Table 10-1. Total Fish Consumption by Demographic Variables . . . . 10-3
Table 10-2. Mean and 95th Percentile or" Fish Coasumption (g/day) by Sex and Age 10-4
Table 10-3. Percent Distribution of Total Fish Consumption for Females by Age . 10-5
Table 10-4. Percent Distribution of Total Fish Consumption for Males by Age 10-5
Table 10-5. Mean Total Fish Consumption by Species 10-6
Table 10-6. Best Fits of Lognormal Distributions Using the NonLiner
Optimization (NLO) Method 10-7
Table 10-7. Per Capita Fish Consumption Rates (g/day) By Habitat and Fish Type (Uncooked Fish WeigW^S
Table 10-8. Distribution of Fish Intake (grams) Per Day Consuming Fish,
By Habitat (Uncooked Fish Weight) 10-9
Table 10-9. Per Capita Fish Consumption Rates (milligrams/kg-day) By Habitat
and Fish Type (Uncooked Fish Weight) 10-9
Table 10-10. Distribution of Fish Intake (milligrams/kg) Per Day Consuming
Fish, By Habitat (Uncooked Fish Weight) 10-10
Table 10-11. Per Capita Fish Consumption rates (g/day) By Habitat and Fish
Type (Cooked Fish Weight) 10-10
Table 10-12. Distribution of Fish Intake (grams) Per Day Consuming Fish,
By Habitat (Cooked Fish Weight) 10-11
Table 10-13. Distribution of Quantity of Fish Consumed (in grams) Per Eating
Occasion, By Age and Sex 10-11
Table 10-14. Percent of Population That Ate Seafood (Including Shellfish, Eels, ,
or Squid) '. . 10-13
Table 10-15. Number of Servings of Seafood Consumed 10-14
Table 10-16. Frequency of Seafood That Was Consumed Being Purchased or
Caught By Someone They Knew 10-15
Table 10-17. Mean Fish Intake in a Day, by Sex and Age 10-16
Table 10-18. Estimated Number of Participants in Marine Recreational Fishing by
State and Subregion 10-19
Table 10-19. Estimated Weight of Fish Caught (Catch Type A and Bl) by
Marine Recreational Fishermen by Wave and Subregion 10-20
Table 10-20. Average Daily Intake (g/day) of Marine Finfish, by Region and
Coastal Status 10-20
Table 10-21. Estimated Weight of Fish Caught (Catch Type A and Bl) by
Marine Recreational Fishermen by Species Group and Subregion,
Atlantic and Gulf 10-21
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 10-22. Estimated Weight of Fish Caught (Catch Type A and Bl) by
Marine Recreational Fishermen by Species Group and Subregion,
Pacific , 10-21
Table 10-23. Median Intake Rates Based on Demographic Data of Sport Fishermen
and Their Family/Living Group 10-22
Table 10-24. Cumulative Distribution of Total Fish/Shellfish Consumption by
Surveyed Sport Fishermen in the Metropolitan Los Angeles Area 10-23
Table 10-25. Catch Information for Primary Fish Species Kept by Sport Fishermen 10-23
Table 10-26. Percent of Fishing Frequency During the Summer and Fall Seasons
in Commencement Bay, Washington 10-24
Table 10-27. Selected Percentile Consumption Estimates (g/d) for the Survey and
Total Angler Populations Based on the Reanalysis of the Puffer and
Pierce Data 10-24
Table 10-28. Means and Standard Deviations of Selected Characteristics by
Subpopulation Groups in Everglades, Florida 10-25
Table 10-29. Estimates of Fish Intake Rates of Licensed Sport Anglers in Maine
During the 1989-1990 Ice Fishing or 1990 Open-Water Seasons 10-27
Table 10-30. Analysis of Fish Consumption by Ethnic Groups for "All Waters"
(g/day) 10-27
Table 10-31. Total Consumption of Freshwater Fish Caught by All Survey
Respondents During the 1990 Season 10-28
Table 10-32. Mean Fish Intake Among Individuals Who Eat Fish and Reside in Households With
Recreatoinal Fish Consumption 10-30
Table 10-33. Comparison of Seven-Day Recall and Estimated Seasonal Frequency
for Fish Consumption 10-30
Table 10-34. Distribution of Usual Fish Intake Among Survey Main Respondents
Who Fished and Consumed Recreationally Caught Fish 10-31
Table 10-35. Mean Sport-Fish Consumption by Demographic Variables, Michigan
Sport Anglers Fish Consumption Study, 1991 - 1992 10-32
Table 10-36. Distribution of Fish Intake Rates (from all sources and from
sport-caught sources) for 1992 Lake Ontario Anglers , 10-34
Table 10-37. Mean Annual Fish Consumption (g/day) for Lake Ontario Anglers,
1992, by Socio-demographic Characteristics 10-34
Table 10-38. Percentile and Mean Intake Rates for Wisconsin Sport Anglers 10-35
Table 10-39. Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents 10-36
Table 10-40. Number of Grams per Day of Fish Consumed by All Adult Respondents (Consumers and Non-
consumers Combined) - Throughout the Year 10-37
Table 10-41. Fish Intake Throughout the Year by Sex, Age, and Location by All
Adult Respondents 10-38
Table 10-42. Children's Fish Consumption Rates - Throughout Year : 10-38
Table 10-43. Number of Local Fish Meals Consumed Per Year by Time Period
for all Respondents 10-40
Table 10-44. Mean Number of Local Fish Meals Consumed Per Year by Time
Period for all Respondents and Consumers Only 10-41
Table 10-45. Mean Number of Local Fish Meals Consumed Per Year by Time
Period and Selected Characteristics for all Respondents 10-41
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 10-46. Sociodemographie Factors and Recent Fish Consumption 10-42
Table 10-47. Percentage of Individuals using Various Cooking Methods at
Specified Frequencies 10-45
Table 10-48. Percent Moisture and Fat Content for Selected Species 10-46
Table 10-49. Summary of Fish Intake Studies 10-54
Table 10-50. Confidence in Fish Intake Recommendations for General Population 10-57
Table 10-51. Confidence in Fish Intake Recommendations for Recreational Marine Anglers 10-58
Table 10-52. Confidence in Recommendations for Fish Consumption - Recreational Freshwater ...'.-. 10-59
Table 10-53. Confidence in Recommendations for Native American Subsistence Fish Consumption . . 10-60
Table 10B-1. Percent of Fish Meals Prepared Using Various Cooking Methods
by Residence Size 10B-3
Table 10B-2. Percent of Fish Meals Prepared Using Various Cooking Methods by Age 10B-3
Table 10B-3. Percent of Fish Meals Prepared Using Various Cooking Methods
by Ethnicity 10B-4
Table 10B-4. Percent of Fish Meals Prepared Using Various Cooking Methods by Education : 10B-4
Table 10B-5. Percent of Fish Meals Prepared Using Variuos Cooking Methods
by Income 10B-5
Table 10B-6. Percent of Fish Meals where Fat was Trimmed or Skin was Removed,
by Demographic Variables 10B-6
Table 10B-7. Method of Cooking of Most Common Species Kept by Sportfishermen . . . • 10B-7
Table 10B-8. Adult Consumption of Fish Pans 10B-7
Table lOC-1. Daily Average Per Capita Estimates of Fish Consumption U.S. Population - Mean Consumption
by Species within Habitat - As Consumed Fish 10-C3
Table 11-1. Intake of Total Meats (g/kg-day) '...'.-.. 11-8
Table 11-2. Intake of Total Dairy Products (g/kg-day) -. 11-9
Table 11-3. Intake of Individual Meat and Dairy Products and Mixtures (g/kg-day) 11-10
Table 11-4. Quantity ("as consumed") of Meat, Poultry, and Dairy Products
Consumed per Eating Occasion and the Percentage of Individuals
Using These Foods in 3 Days 11-12
Table 11-5. Mean per Capita Intake Rates for Meat, Poultry, and Dairy Products
(g/kg-day as condumed) Based on All Sex/Age/Demographic
Subgroups 11-13
Table 11-6. Mean Meat Intakes per Individual in a Day by Sex and Age (g/day as consumed) for
1977-1978 11-14
Table 11-7. Mean Meat Intakes per Individual in a Day by Sex and Age (g/day as consumed) for
1987-1988 11-14
Table 11-8. Mean Dairy Product Intakes per Individual in a Day, by Sex and Age
(g/day as consumed) for 1977-1978 . . . 11-15
Table 11-9. Mean Dairy Product Intakes per Individual in a Day, by Sex and Age
(g/day as consumed) for 1987-1988 11-15
Table 11-10. Mean and Standard Error for the Dietary Intake of Food Sub Classes
per Capita by Age (grams/day "as consumed") ,'. 11-16
Table 11-11. Mean and Standard Error for the Daily Intake of Food Class and
Sub Class by Region (grams/day "as consumed") _. 11-16
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
xix
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 11-12. Consumption of Meat, Poultry, and Dairy Products for Different Age
Groups (averaged across sex), and Estimated Lifetime Average Intakes
for 70 Kg Adult Citizens Calculated from the FDA Diet Data 11-17
Table 11-13. Per Capita Consumption of Meat and Poultry in 1991 11-17
Table 11-14. Per Capita Consumption for Dairy Products in 1991 11-18
Table 11-15. Adult Mean Daily Intake (as consumed) of Meat and Poultry Grouped
by Region and Gender 11-19
Table 11-16. Amount (as consumed) of Meat Consumed by Adults Grouped by
Frequency of Eatings 11-19
Table 11-17, Percentage Lipid Content (Expressed as Percentages of
100 Grams of Edible Portions) of Selected Meat and Dairy Products 11-20
Table 11-18. ' Fat Content of Meat Products . 11-21
Table 11-19. Fat Intake, Contribution of Various Food Groups to Fat Intake, and
Percentage of the Population in Various Meat Eater Groups
of the U.S. Population 11-22
Table 11-20. Mean Total Daily Dietary Fat Intake (g/day) Grouped by Age and
Gender 11-22
Table 11-21. Percentage Mean Moisture Content (Expressed as Percentages of
100 Grams of Edible Portions) 11-23
Table 11-22. Summary of Meat, Poultry, and Dairy Intake Studies 11-24
Table 11-23. Summary of Recommended Values for Intake of Meat and
Dairy Products and Serving Size 11-25
Table 11-24. Confidence in Meats and Dairy Products Intake Recommendation 11-26
Table 11-25. Confidence in Meat and Dairy Serving Size Recommendations 11-27
Table 12-1. 1986 Vegetable Gardening by Demographic Factors 12-1
Table 12-2. Percentage of Gardening Households Growing Different
Vegetables in 1986 12-1
Table 12-3. Sub-category Codes and Definitions 12-4
Table 12-4. Weighted and Unweighted Number of Observations for MFCS Data
Used in Analysis of Food Intake 12-6
Table 12-5. Percent Weight Losses from Preparation of Various Meats 12-7
Table 12-6. Percent Weight Losses from Preparation of Various Fruits 12-7
Table 12-7. Percent Weight Losses from Preparation of Various Vegetables 12-8
Table 12-8. Intake of Homegrown Fruits (g/kg-day) - All Regions Combined 12-11
Table 12-9. Intake of Homegrown Fruits (g/kg-day) - Northeast 12-12
Table 12-10. , Intake of Homegrown Fruits (g/kg-day) - Midwest 12-12
Table 12-11. Intake of Homegrown Fruits (g/kg-day) - South 12-13
Table 12-12. Intake of Homegrown Fruits (g/kg-day) - West 12-14
Table 12-13. Intake of Homegrown Vegetables (g/kg-day) - All Regions Combined . 12-15
Table 12-14. Intake of Homegrown Vegetables (g/kg-day) - Northeast 12-16
Table 12-15. Intake of Homegrown Vegetables (g/kg-day) - Midwest - 12-17
Table 12-16. Intake of Homegrown Vegetables (g/kg-day) - South 12-18
Table 12-17. Intake of Homegrown Vegetables (g/kg-day) - West . 12-19
Table 12-18. Intake of Home Produced Meats (g/kg-day) - All Regions Combined 12-20
Table 12-19. Intake of Home Produced Meats (g/kg-day) - Northeast 12-21
Page
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 12-20. Intake of Home Produced Meats (g/kg-day) - Midwest 12-22
Table 12-21. Intake of Home Produced Meats (g/kg-day) - South 12-23
Table 12-22. Intake of Home Produced Meats (g/kg-day) - West 12-24
Table 12-23. Intake of Home Caught Fish (g/kg-day) - All Regions Combined 12-25
Table 12-24. Intake of Home Caught Fish (g/kg-day) - Northeast • 12-26
Table 12-25. Intake of Home Caught Fish (g/kg-day) - Midwest ; . 12-27
Table 12-26. Intake of Home Caught Fish (g/kg-day) - South 12-28
Table 12-27. Intake of Home Caught Fish (g/kg-day) - West , . . : 12-29
Table 12-28. Intake of Home Produced Dairy (g/kg-day) - All Regions Combined 12-30
Table 12-29. Intake of Home Produced Dairy (g/kg-day) - Northeast 12-31
Table 12-30. Intake of Home Produced Dairy (g/kg-day) - Midwest 12-32
Table 12-31. Intake of Home Produced Dairy (g/kg-day) - South 12-33
Table 12-32. Intake of Home Produced Dairy (g/kg-day) - West 12-34
Table 12-33. Seasonally Adjusted Homegrown Intake (g/kg-day) 12-35
Table 12-34. Intake of Homegrown Apples (g/kg-day) 12-36
Table 12-35. Intake of Homegrown Asparagus (g/kg-day) 12-37
Table 12-36. Intake of Home Produced Beef (g/kg-day) 12-38
Table 12-37. Intake of Homegrown Beets (g/kg-day) .- 12-39
Table 12-38. Intake of Homegrown Broccoli (g/kg-day) 12-40
Table 12-39. Intake of Homegrown Cabbage (g/kg-day) 12-41
Table 12-40. Intake of Homegrown Carrots (g/kg-day) 12-42
Table 12-41. Intake of Homegrown Corn (g/kg-day) 12-43
Table 12-42. Intake of Homegrown Cucumber (g/kg-day) 12-44
Table 12-43. Intake of Home Produced Eggs (g/kg-day) . 1.2-45
Table 12-44. Intake of Home Produced Game (g/kg-day) 12-46
Table 12-45. Intake of Homegrown Lettuce (g/kg-day) 12-47
Table 12-46. Intake of Homegrown Lima Beans (g/kg-day) 12-48
Table 12-47. Intake of Homegrown Okra (g/kg-day) 12-49
Table 12-48. Intake of Homegrown Onions (g/kg-day) 12-50
Table 12-49. Intake of Homegrown Other Berries (f/kg-day) 12-51
Table 12-50. Intake of Homegrown Peaches (g/kg-day) 12-52
Table 12-51. Intake of Homegrown Pears (g/kg-day) 12-53
Table 12-52. Intake of Homegrown Peas (g/kg-day) • 12-54
Table 12-53. Intake of Homegrown Peppers (g/kg-day) 12-55
Table 12-54. Intake of Home Produced Pork (g/kg-day) 12-56
Table 12-55. Intake of Home Produced Poultry (g/kg-day) 12-57
Table 12-56. Intake of Homegrown Pumpkin (g/kg-day) 12-58
Table 12-57. Intake of Homegrown Snap Beans (g/kg-day) 12-59
Table 12-58. Intake of Homegrown Strawberries (g/kg-day) 12-60
Table 12-59. Intake of Homegrown Tomatoes (g/kg-day) 12-61
Table 12-60. Intake of Homegrown White Potatoes (g/kg-day) 12-62
Table 12-61. Intake of Homegrown Exposed Fruit (g/kg-day) 12-63
Table 12-62. Intake of Homegrown Protected Fruits (g/kg-day) 12-64
Table 12-63. Intake of Homegrown Exposed Vegetables (g/kg-day) 12-65
Table 12-64. Intake of Homegrown Protected Vegetables (g/kg-day) 12-66
Table 12-65. Intake of Homegrown Root Vegetables (g/kg-day) . 12-67
Exposure Factors Handbook
August1996
Page
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 12-66, Intake of Homegrown Dark Green Vegetables (g/kg-day) 12-68
Table 12-67. Intake of Homegrown Deep Yellow Vegetables (g/kg-day) 12-69
Table 12-68, Intake ot Homegrown Other Vegetables (g/kg-day) 12-70
Table 12-69, Intake of Homegrown Citrus (g/kg-day) 12-71
Table 12-70. Intake of Homegrown Other Fruit (g/kg-day) 12-72
Table 12-71, Fraction of Food Intake that is Home Produced 12-73
Table 12-72, Confidence in Homegrown Food Consumption Recommendations 12-77
Table 13-1. Daily Intakes of Breast Milk 13-2
Table 13-2. Breast Milk Intake Among Exclusively Breast-fed Infants
During the First 4 Months of Life 13-2
Table 13-3, Breast Milk Intake During a 24-Hour Period 13-3
Table 13-4. Breast Milk Intake for Infants Aged 1 to 6 Months 13-3
Table 13-5. Breast Milk Intake Estimated by the DARLING Study 13-4
Table 13-6. Milk Intake for Bottle- and Breast-fed Infants by Age Group 13-4
Table 13-7. ' Milk Intake for Boys and Girls 13-4
Table 13-8. Intake of Breast Milk and Formula 13-5
Table 13-9. Lipid Content of Human Milk and Estimated Lipid Intake
Among Exclusively Breast-fed Infants 13-6
Table 13-10. Predicted Lipid Intakes for Breast-fed Infants Under 12 Months of Age 13-6
Table 13-11. Total Energy Intake 13-7
Table 13-12, Energy Intake from Human Milk 13-7
Table 13-13. Number of Meals Per Day 13-8
Table 13-14, Percentage of Mothers Breast-feeding Newborn Infants in the Hospital
and Infants at 5 or 6 Months of Age in the United States in 1989,
by Ethnic Background and Selected Demographic Variables . , 13-9
Table 13-15. ' Breast Milk Intake Studies 13-12
Table 13-16. Confidence in Breast Milk Intake Recommendations 13-14
Table 13-17. Breast Milk Intake Rates Derived From Key Studies 13-15
Table 13-18. Summary of Recommended Breast Milk and Lipid Intake Rates 13-16
Table 14-1. Time Use Table Locator Guide -. . 14-18
Table 14-2. Mean Time Spent (Minutes) Performing Major Activities Grouped
by Age, Sex and Type of Day 14-19
Table 14-3. Mean Time Spent in Major Activities Grouped by Type of Day
for Five Different Age Groups 14-20
Table 14-4. Mean Time Spent in 10 Major Activity Cateogries Grouped
by Total Sample and Gender for the CARB and National Studies
(Age 18-64) 14-21
Table 14-5, Total Mean Time Spent at 3 Major Locations Grouped by Total
Sample and Gender for the CARB and National Study (Ages 18-64) 14-21
Table 14-6. Mean Time Spent at Three Locations for both CARB and National
Studies (Ages 12 and Older) 14-22
Table 14-7. Mean Time Spent (mins/day) in Various Microenvironments
Grouped by Total Populationand Gender (12 years and over)
in the National and CARB Data 14-22
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 14-8. Mean Time Spent (mins/day) in Various Mieroenvirotiments by
Type of Day (Sample Population Ages 12 and Older) 14-23
Table 14-9. Mean Time Spent (mins/day) in Various Microenvironments
by Age Groups 14-24
Table 14-10. Mean Time Children Spent in 10 Major Activity Categories
for all Respondents 14-25
Table 14-11. Mean Time Children Spent in 10 Major Activity Categories Grouped
by Age and Gender _. ._ 14-25
Table 14-12. Mean Time Children Spent in 10 Major Activity Categories Grouped
by Seasons and Regions 14-26
Table 14-13. Mean Time Children Spent in Six Major Location Categories for
All Respondents . 14-26
Table 14-14. Mean Time Children Spent in Six Location Categories
Grouped by Age and Gender 14-27
Table 14-15. Mean Time Children Spent in Six Location Categories Grouped by
Season and Region '. 14-27
Table 14-16, Mean Time Children Spent in Proximity to Three Potential Exposures
Grouped by All Respondents, Age, and Gender 14-28
Table 14-17. Range of Recommended Defaults for Dermal Exposure Factors 14-28
Table 14-18. Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Average Shower Duration
for 2,500 Households , 14-29
Table 14-19. Frequency of Taking a Shower in One Day . . . 14-30
Table 14-20. Range of the Number of Minutes Spent in the Shower After Showering 14-31
Table 14-21, Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent in the Shower After Showering 14-32
Table 14-22. Frequency of Taking or Giving a Bath in a Day 14-33
Table 14-23. Range of the Minutes Spent Taking or Giving a Bath 14-34
Table 14-24. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent Giving and Taking a Bath 14-35
Table 14-25. Range of the Number of Minutes Spent in the Bathroom Immediately
After a Bath , . 14-36
Table 14-26. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent in the Bathroom
Immediately After a Bath 14-37
Table 14-27. Range of the Total Number of Minutes Altogether Spent in the
Shower or Bathtub -. . 14-38
Table 14-28. Distribution for the Total Number of Minutes Spent in the Shower
or Bathtub 14-39
Table 14-29. Range of Number of Minutes Spent in the Bathroom Immediately
Following a Shower or Bath 14-40
Table 14-30. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent in the Bathroom
Immediately Following a Shower or Bath 14-41
Table 14-31. Frequency of Washing the Hands in a Day 14-42
Table 14-32. Distribution for Number of Minutes Working or Being Near Food
While Fired, Grilled, or Barbequed 14-43
Table 14-33. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Working or Being Near
Open Flames Including Barbeque Flames 14-44
Table 14-34. Distribution for the Number of Times Working or Being Near
Excessive Dust in the Air 14-45
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 14-35. Range of the Number of Times An Automobile or Motor Vehicle Was Started . 14-46
Table 14-36. Range of the Number of Times a Motor Vehicle Was Started with the Garage Door
Closed : 14-47
Table 14-37. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent at a Gas Station or
Auto Repair Shop ,...,-,...<... -....-. 14-48
Table 14-38. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent While Windows Were Left Open While
at Home 14-49
Table 14-39. Distribution for the Number of Minutes the Outside Door was Left
Open While at Home 14-50
Table 14-40. Frequency of Opening an Outside Door in the Home in a Day ' 14-51
Table 14-41. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent Running, Walking, or Standing Alongside
a Road with Heavy Traffic 14-52
Table 14-42. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent in a Car, Van, Truck,
or Bus in Heavy Traffic 14-53
Table 14-43. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent in a Parking Garage or
Indoor Parking Lot 14-54
Table 14-44. Distribution tor the Number of Minutes Spent Walking Outside to a Car
in the Driveway or Outside Parking Areas 14-55
Table 14-45. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent running or Walking
Outside 14-56
Table 14-46. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent Working for Pay 14-57
Table 14-47. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent Working for Pay
Between 6PM and 6AM 14-58
Table 14-48. Distribution for Number of Minutes Worked Outdoors 14-59
Table 14-49. Frequency of Sweeping or Vacuuming Floors 14-60
Table 14-50. The Number of Days Since the Floor Area Was Swept or Vacuumed -. . . . 14-61
Table 14-51. Number of Separate Loads of Laundry Washed at Home 14-62
Table 14-52. Frequency of Using a Dishwasher 14-63
Table 14-53. Frequency of Washing Dishes by Hand , 14-64
Table 14-54. Frequency of Washing Clothes in a Washing Machine 14-65
Table 14-55. Range of Number of Minutes Spent Playing on Sand or Gravel . . . 14-66
Table 14-56. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent Playing in Sand or Gravel ; . . 14-67
Table 14-57. Range of Number of Minutes Spent Playing in Outdoors 14-68
Table 14-58. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent Playing in Din 14-69
Table 14-59. Range of the Minutes Spent Working in a Garden or Other
Circumstances Working with Soil 14-70
Table 14-60. Distribution for the Number of Minutes Spent Working in a Garden
or Other Circumstances Working with Soil ; 14-71
Table 14-61. Range of Number of Minutes Spent Playing on Grass 14-72
Table 14-62. Distribution tor the Number of Minutes Spent Playing on Grass 14-73
Table 14-63. The Number of Times Swimming in a Month in Freshwater Swimming Pool
Table 14-64. Average Amount of Time Actually Spent in the Water by Swimmers 14-74
Table 14-65. The Number of Times Swimming in a Month in Freshwater Swimming Pool
Table 14-66. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes in a Main Job 14-76
Table 14-67. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in
Food Preparation 14-77
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 14-68.
Table 14-69.
Table 14-70.
Table 14-71.
Table 14-72.
Table 14-73.
Table 14-74.
Table 14-75:
Table 14-76.
Table 14-77.
Table 14-78.
Table 14-79.
Table 14-80.
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
Table
14-81.
14-82.
14-83.
14-84.
14-85.
14-86.
14-87.
14-88.
14-89.
14-90.
14-91.
14-92.
14-93.
Table 14-94.
Table 14-95.
Table 14-96.
Table 14-97.
Table 14-98.
Table 14-99.
Table 14-100.
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Food Cleanup
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Clothes Care
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Animal Care
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative
Number of Minutes Spent in
Number of Minutes Spent Cleaning House
Number of Minutes Spent in Outdoor Cleaning
Number of Minutes Spent in
Number of Minutes Spent in Car Repair/Maintenance
Number of Minutes Spent in Other Repairs
Number of Minutes Spent in Plant Care ........
Number of Minutes Spent in
Number of Minutes Spent in Other Household Work
Number of Minutes Spent in Indoor Playing
Number of Minutes Spent in Outdoor Playing
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Washing, Etc
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Shop/Gas Station
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Club
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
(Non-Specific)
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
at the Dry Cleaners
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
at a Bar/Nightclub/Bowling Alley
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
at a Restaurant
Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes
at School
Spent for Car Repair Services . .
Spent
Spent Sleeping/Napping
Spent Attending Full time School
Spent in Active Sports .......
Spent in Outdoor Recreation . . .
Spent in Exercise
Spent in Food Preparation ....
Spent Doing Dishes/Laundry . .
Spent in Housekeeping :
Spent Bathing
Spent in Yardwork/Maintenance
Spent in Sports/Exercise
Eating or Drinking
Spent Indoors at Auto Repair
Spent Indoors at a gym/Health
Spent Indoors at the Laundromat
Spent Indoors at Work
Spent Indoors
Spent Indoors
Spent Indoors
Spent Indoors
14-78
14-79
14-80
14-81
14-82
14-83
14-84
14-85
14-86
14-87
14-88
14-89
14-90
14-91
14-92
14-93
14-94
14-95
. 14-96
14-97
, 14-98
. 14-99
14-100
14-101
14-102
14-103
14-104
14-105
14-106
14-107
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 14-101. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Indoors
at a Plant/Factory/Warehouse , , 14-108
Table 14-102. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
on a Sidewalk, Street, or in the Neighborhood 14-109
Table 14-103. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
in a Parking Lot 14-110
Table 14-104. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
• at a Service Station or Gas Station 14-111
Table 14-105. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
at a Coastruction Site 14-112
Table 14-106. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
on School Grounds/Playground 14-113
Table 14-107. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
at a Park/Golf Course 14-114
Table 14-108. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
at a Pool/River/Lake 14-115
Table 14-109. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
at a Restaurant/Picnic 14-116
Table 14-110. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
at a Farm 14-117
Table 14-111, Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent at Home
in the Kitchen 14-118
Table 14-112. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in
the Bathroom
Table 14113. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent at Home
in the Bedroom 14-119
Table 14-114. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent at Home
in the Garage . . : 14-120
Table 14-115. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in the
Basement 14-121
Table 14-116. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent at Home
in the Utility Room or Laundry Room 14-122
Table 14-117. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent at Home
in the Outdoor Pool or Spa . . 14-123
Table 14-118. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent at Home
in the Yard or Other Areas Outside the House 14-124
Table 14-119. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling
inaCar 14-125
Table 14-120. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling
in a Truck (Pick-up/Van) 14-126
Table 14-121. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling
on a Motorcycle, Moped, or Scooter 14-127
Table 14-122. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling
in Other Trucks 14-128
Table 14-123. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling
onaBus 14-129
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 14-124. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Walking 14-130
Table 14-125. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling
on a bicycle/Skate Board/Roller Skate 14-131
Table 14-126. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Waiting
at a Bus, Train, etc. Stop 14-132
Table 14-127. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling
on a Train/Subway/Rapid Transit 14-133
Table 14-128. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling
on an Airplane '". 14-134
Table 14-129. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Indoors
in a Residence (All Rooms) • 14-135
Table 14-130. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
(Outside the Residence) ' 14-136
Table 14-131. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Traveling Inside a
Vehicle 14-137
Table 14-132. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
Near a Vehicle 14-138
Table 14-133. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent Outdoors
Other Than Near a Residence or Vehicle Such as Parks, golf Courses,
or Farms 14-139
Table 14-134. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in an Office
or Factory 14-140
Table 14-135. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in Malls, Grocery Stores,
or Other Stores 14-141
Table 14-136. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in Schools, Churches,
Hospitals, and Public Buildings 14-142
Table 14-137. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in Bars/Nightclubs,
Bowling Alleys, and Restaurants 14-143
Table 14-138. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent in Other Outdoors Such as
Auto Repair Shops, Laundromats, Gyms, and
at Work (Non-specific) 14-144
Table 14-139. Statistics for 24-Hour Cumulative Number of Minutes Spent With
Smokers Present 14-145
Table 14-140. Differences in Time Use (hours/week Grouped by Sex, Employment
Status, and Marital Status for the Surveys Conducted in 1965
and 1975 14-152
Table 14-141. Time Use (hours/week) Differences by Age for the Surveys Conducted
in 1965 and 1975 14-153
Table 14-142. Time Use (hours/v/eek) Differences by Education for the Surveys
Conducted in 1965 and 1975 14-154
Table 14-143. Time Use (hours/v/eek) Differences by Race for the Surveys
Conducted in 1965 and 1975 ' 14-155
Table 14-144. Mean Time Spent (hours/week) in 10 Major Activity Categories
Grouped by Regions 14-155
Table 14-145. . Total Mean Time Spent (mins/day) in Ten Major Activity
Categories Grouped by Type of Day 14-156
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 14-146. Mean Time Spent (mins/day) in 10 Major Activity Categories
During Four Waves of Interviews 14-156
Table 14-147. Mean Time Spent (hours/week) in 10 Major Activity Categories
Grouped by Gender 14-157
Table 14-148. Percent Responses of Children's "Play" (activities) Locations
in Maryvale, Arizona 14-157
Table 14-149. Occupational Tenure of Employed Individuals by Age and Sex 14-158
Table 14-150. Occupationaf Tenure for Employed Individuals Grouped
by Sex and Race 14-158
Table 14-151. Occupational Tenure for Employed Individuals Grouped by Sex
and Employment Status 14-159
Table 14-152. Occupational Tenure of Employed Individuals Grouped by
Major Occupational Groups and Age 14-159
Table 14-153. Voluntary Occupational Mobility Rates for Workers Age 16
and Older 14-160
Table 14 154. Values and Their Standard Errors for Average Total Residence
Time, T, for Each Group in Survey 14-160
Table 14-155. Total Residence Time, t (years). Corresponding to Selected Values
of R(t) by Housing Category 14-161
Table 14-156. Residence Time of Owner/Renter Occupied Units 14-161
Table 14-157. Percent of Householders Living in Houses for Specified
Ranges of Time 14-162
Table 14-158. Descriptive Statistics for Residential Occupancy Period 14-162
Table 14-159. Descriptive Statistics for Both Genders by Current Age 14-163
Table 14-160. Summary of Residence Time of Recent Home Buyers 14-163
Table 14-161. Tenure in Previous Home (Percentage Distribution) 14-164
Table 14-162. Number of Miles Moved (Percentage Distribution) 14-164
Table 14-163. Confidence in Activity Patterns Recommendations 14-165
Table 14-164. Confidence in Occupational Mobility Recommendations 14-172
Table 14-165. Confidence in Population Mobility Recommendations 14-173
Table 14-166. Summary of Recommended Values for Activity Factors 14-174
Table 14A-1. Differences in Average Time Spent in Different Activities Between
California and National Studies (Minutes Per Day for Age 18-64) 14A-1
Table 14A-2. Time Spent in Various Micro-environments 14A-3
Table 14A-3. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries 14A-5
Table 14A-4. Major Time Use Activity Categories 14A-19
Table 14A-5. Mean Time Spent (mins/day) for 87 Activities Grouped by Day
of the Week 14A-20
Table 14A-6. Weighted Mean Hours Per Week by Gender: 87 Activities and
lOSubtotals 14A-23
Table 14A-7. Ranking of Occupations by Median Years of Occupational
Tenure 14A-26
Table 14B-1. Annual Geographical Mobility Rates, by Type of Movement
for Selected 1-Year Periods: 1960-1992
(Numbers in Thousands) 14B-1
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Table 14B-2.
EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Mobility of the Resident Population by State: 1980 14B-2
Table 15-1. Consumer Products Found in the Typical U.S. Household 15-7
Table 15-2. Frequency of Use For Household Solvent Products 15-10
Table 15-3. Exposure Time of Use For Household Solvent Products 15-11
Table 15-4. Amount of Products Used For Household Solvent Products 15-12
Table 15-5. Time Exposed After Duration of Use For Household
Solvent Products 15-13
Table 15-6. Frequency of Use and Amount of ProducfUsed for
Adhesive Removers 15-14
Table 15-7. Adhesive Remover Usage by Gender 15-14
Table 15-8. Frequency of Use and Amount of Product Used for
Spray Paint 15-15
Table 15-9. Spray Paint Usage by Gender 15-15
Table 15-10. Frequency of Use and Amount of Product Used for
Paint Removers/Strippers 15-16
Table 15-11. Paint Stripper Usage by Gender 15-16
Table 15-12. Total Exposure Time of Performing Task and Product
Type Used by Task For Household Cleaning Products 15-17
Table 15-13. Percentile Rankings for Total Exposure Time in
Performing Household Tasks 15-19
Table 15-14. Mean Percentile Rankings for Frequency of Performing
Household Tasks 15-20
Table 15-15. Mean and Percentile Rankings for Exposure Time Per
Event of Performing Household Tasks 15-21
Table .15-16. Total Exposure Time for Ten Product Groups Most
Frequently Used For Household Cleaning 15-21
Table 15-17. Total Exposure Time of Painting Activity of
Interior Painters (hrs) 15-22
Table 15-18. Exposure Time of Interior Painting Activity/Occasion (hrs)
and Frequency of Occasions Spent Painting Per Year 15-22
Table 15-19. Amount of Paint Used by Interior Painters •. . 15-22
Table 15-20. Number of Cans or Bottles of Carbonate Soft Drink Consumed
by the Respondent 15-23
Table 15-21. Frequency of Cologne, Perfume, Aftershave or Other Fragrances
Used in One Day 15-24
Table 15-22. Frequency of Use of Any Aerosol Spray Product for Personal Care
Such as Deodorant or Hair Spray 15-25
Table 15-23. Number of Minutes Spent in Activities Working With or Being Near
Freshly Applied Paints 15-26
Table 15-24. Number of Minutes Spent in Activities Working With or Near Household Cleaning
Agents Such as Scouring Powders or Ammonia 15-27
Table 15-25. Number of Minutes Spent in Activities (At Home or Elsewhere)
Working With or Near Floorwax, Furniture Wax or Shoe Polish 15-28
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Page No.
Table 15-26. Number of Minutes Spent in Activities Working With or Being
Near Glue 15-29
Table 15-27. Number of Minutes Spent in Activitees Working with or Near Solvents, Fumes or Strong
Smelling Chemicals 15-30
Table 15-28. Number of Minutes Spent in Activities Working With or Near Spot Removers 15-31
Table 15-29. Number of Minutes Spent in Activites Working With or Near Gasoline
or Diesel-Powered Equipment, Besides Automobiles 15-32
Table 15-30. Number of Minutes Spent Using Any Microwave Oven 15-33
Table 15-31. Frequency of Use of Humidifier at Home 15-34
Table 15-32. Number of Times Pesticides Were Applied by the Professional at Home
to Eradicate Insects, Rodents, or Other Pests : 15-35
Table 15-33. Number of Times Pesticides Were Applied by the Consumer at Home
to Eradicate Insects, Rodents, or Other Pests 15-36
Table 15-34. Number of Minutes Spent in Activities Working With or Near
Pesticides. Including Bug Sprays or Bug Strips 15-37
Table 15-35. Range of Number of Minutes Spent Smoking Cigars or Pipe Tobacco By the Number of
Respondents 15-38
Table 15-36. Number of Minutes Spent Smoking Cigars or Pipe Tobacco 15-39
Table 15-37. Range of Numbers of Cigarettes Smoked Based on the Number of Respondents 15-40
Table 15-38. Range of the Number of Cigarettes Smoked While at Home 15-41
Table 15-39. Number of Cigarettes Smoked by Other People 15-42
Table 15-40. Number of Minutes Spent Smoking 15-43
Table 15-41. Range of Time (Minutes) Spent Smoking 15-44
Table 15-42. Amount and Frequency of Use of Various Cosmetic and
Baby Products 15-46
Table 15-43. Summary of Consumer Products Use Studies 15-49
Table 15A-1. Volumes Included in 1992 Simmons Study 15A-3
Table 16-1. Summary of Residential Volume Distributions in Cubic Meters 16-2
Table 16-2. Average Estimated Volumes of U.S. Residences, by Housing Type and Ownership 16-3
Table 16-3. Residential Volumes in Relation to Household Size and Year of
Construction 16-3
Table 16-4. Dimensional Quantities for Residential Rooms 16-5
Table 16-5. Examples of Products and Materials Associated with Floor and
Wall Surfaces in Residences 16-6
Table 16-6. Percent of Residences with Certain Foundation Types 16-8
Table 16-7. . Percent of Residences with Basement, by EPA Region 16-8
Table 16-8. Summary of Major Projects Providing Air Exchange Measurements
in the PFT Database 16-11
Table 16-9. Summary of Statistics for Air Exchange Rates (Air Changes Per
Hour-ACH), by Region 16-12
Table 16-10. Regional and Seasonal Distributions for Residential Air Exchange
Rates 16-12
Table 16-11. Deposition Rates for Indoor Panicles 16-14
Table 16-12. Particle Deposition During Indoor Activities 16-15
Table 16-13. In-house Water Use Rates (gcd), by Study and Type of Use 16-18
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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EFH
LIST OF TABLES (continued)
Table 16-14, Summary of Water Use 16-19
Table 16-15. Showering and Bathing Water Use Characteristics 16-19
Table 16-16, Showering Characteristics for Various Types of Shower Heads 16-19
Table 16-17, Toilet Water Use Characteristics 16-19
Table 16-18. Toilet Frequency Use Characteristics 16-20
Table 16-19. Dishwasher Frequency Use Characteristics 16-20
Table 16-20. Dishwasher Water Use Characteristics 16-20
Table 16-21. Clothes Washer Frequency Use Characteristics 16-20
Table 16-22. Clothes Washer Water Use Characteristics 16-20
Table 16-23. Range of Water Uses for Clothes Washers 16-20
Table 16-24. Particle Deposition and Resuspension During Normal Activities , 16-21
Table 16-25. Dust Mass Loading After One Week Without Vacuum Cleaning 16-21
Table 16-26. Totalized Dust Loading for Carpeted Areas 16-21
Table 16-27. Simplified Source Descriptions for Airborne Contaminants 16-22
Table 16-28. Volume of Residence Surveys 16-30
Table 16-29, Air Exchange Rates Surveys 16-31
Table 16-30. Confidence in House Volume Recommendation 16-32
Table 16-31. Confidence in Air Exchange Rates Recommendation . 16-33
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 xxxi
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EFH
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure l-l. Road Map to Exposure Factor Recommendations 1-15
Figure 6-1. SA/BW Distributions for Infants, Adults, and All Ages Combined 6-18
Figure 6-2. Surface Area Frequency Distribution: Men and Women 6-19
Figure 10-1. Seasonal Fish Consumption: Wisconsin Chippewa, 1990 10-43
Figure 10-2. Peak Fish Consumption: Wisconsin Chippewa, 1990 10-43
Figure 14-1. Distribution of Individuals Moving by Type of Move: 1991-92 14-12
Figure 16-1. Elements of Residential Exposure 16-1
Figure 16-2. Cumulative Frequency Distributions for Residential Volumes 16-4
Figure 16-3. Configurations for Residential Forced-air Systems 16-6
Figure 16-4. EPA Regions arid Census Regions 16-9
Figure 16-5. Idealized Patterns of Particle Deposition Indoors 16-14
Figure 16-6. Air Flows for Multiple-zone Systems 16-15
Figure 16-7. Characteristic Volumes and Airflow Rates for Two-zone Situations 16-17
Page Exposure Factors Handbook
xxxtt August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
14. ACTIVITY FACTORS
In calculating exposure, a person's average daily
dose is determined from a combination of variables
including the pollutant concentration, exposure duration,
and frequency of exposure (Sexton arid Ryan, 1987).
These variables can be dependent on human activity
patterns and time spent at each activity and/or location. A
person's total exposure can be predicted using indirect
approaches such as computerized mathematical models.
This indirect approach of predicting exposure also requires
activity patterns (time use) data. Thus, individual or
group activities are important determinants of potential
exposure because toxic chemicals introduced into the
environment may not cause harm to an individual until an
activity is performed subjecting the individual to contact
with those contaminants. An individual's choice on how
to spend time will vary according to their occupation,
hobbies, culture, location, gender, age, and personal
preferences. Educational level attained and sccioeconomic
status also influence chosen activities and their duration.
The purpose of this section is to describe published
time use studies that provide information on activities in
which various individuals engage, length of time spent
performing various activities, locations in which
individuals spend time and length of time spent by
individuals within those various environments.
Information on time spent in specific occupations and
residing in specific areas also is included in this section.
This section summarizes data on how much time
individuals spend doing various activities and in various
microenvironments. These data cover a wide scope of
activities and populations. The following table (Table 14-
1) should be used as a guide to locating the information
relevant to activities and microenvironments of concern.
Assessors can consider using these data to develop
exposure duration estimates for specific exposure
scenarios. Available studies are grouped as key or
relevant studies. The classifications of these studies are
based on the applicability of .their data to exposure
assessments. All tables that provide data from these
studies are presented at the back of this chapter.
14.1. ACTIVITY PATTERNS
The purpose of this section is to describe published
time use studies that provide information on time-activity
patterns of the national population and various sub-
populations in the U.S. The studies involve survey
designs where time diaries were used to collect
information on the time spent at various activities and
locations for children, adolescents, and adults, and to
collect certain demographic and socioeconomic data.
Available studies on time-activity data are summarized in
the following sections. It should be noted that other site-
limited studies, based on small sample sites, are available.
but are not presented in this section. The studies
presented in this section are ones believed to be the most
appropriate for the purpose of the Handbook. Activity
pattern studies are presented in Sections 14.1.1 and
14.1.2.
14.1.1. Key Activity Pattern Studies
Tuwner et al. - How Children Use Time - Timmer
et al. (1985) conducted a study using the data obtained on
children's time use from a 1981-1982 Panel study. This
study was a follow-up of households from a previous
survey conducted in 1975-76. The 922 respondents in the
1981-82 study were those who had completed at least three
out of four waves of interview in the 1975 - 1976 survey.
Timmer et al. (1985) conducted the survey during
February through December 1981, and households were
contacted four times during a 3 month interval of the
survey period. The first contact was a personal interview,
followed by subsequent telephone interviews for most of
the respondents. Howevei, families with children were
contacted personally and questionnaires were administered
to a maximum of three children per household.
The children surveyed were between the ages of 3
and 17 years and were interviewed twice. The
questionnaires administered to children had two
components: a time diary and a standardized interview.
The time diary involved children reporting their activities
beginning at 12.00 a.m. the previous night; the duration
and location of each activity; the presence of another
individual; and whether they were performing other
activities at the same time. The standardized interview
administered to the children was to gather information
about their psychological, intellectual (using reading
comprehension tests), and emotional well-being; their
hopes and goals; their family environment; and their
attitudes and beliefs.
For preschool children, parents provided
information about the child's previous day's activities.
Children in first through third grades completed the time
diary with their parents assistance and, in addition,
completed reading tests. Children in fourth grade and
above provided their own diary information and
participated in the interview. Parents were asked to assess
their children's socioemotional and intellectual
development. A survey form was sent to a teacher of
each school-age child to evaluate each child's
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-1
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Volume HI ~ Activity Factors
i-f U Activity f-'aaon
socioemotional and intellectual development. The activity
descriptor codes used in this study were developed by
Juster et al. (1983). The activity codes and descriptors
used for the adult time diaries in both surveys are
presented in Appendix Table I4A-1.
The mean time spem performing major activities on
weekdays and weekends by age and sex, and type of day
is presented in Table 14-2. On weekdays, children spend
about 40 percent of their time sleeping, 20 percent in
school, and 10 percent eating, washing, dressing, and
performing other personal activities (Timmer et al.,
1985). The data in Table 14-2 indicates that girls spend
more time than boys performing household work and
personal care activities, and less time playing sports.
Also, children spend most of their free rime watching
television. Table 14-3 presents the mean time children
spend during weekdays and weekends performing major
activities by five different age groups. Also, the
significant effects of each variable (i.e., age, sex) are
shown in Table 14-3. Older children spend more time
performing household and market work, studying and
watching television, and less time eating, sleeping, and
playing. Timmer et al. (1985) estimated that on the
average, boys spend 19.4 hours a week watching
television and girls spend 17.8 hours per week performing
the same activity.
A limitation associated with this study is that the
daia do not provide overall annual estimates of children's
time use since the data were collected only during the time
of the year when children attend school and not during
school vacation. Another limitation is that a distribution
pattern of children's time use was not provided. In
addition, the survey was conducted in 1981 so there is a
potential that activity patterns in children may have
changed significantly from that period to the present.
Therefore, application of these data for current exposure
situations may bias exposure assessments results. An
advantage of this survey is that diary recordings of activity
patterns were kept and the data obtained were not based
completely on recall. Another advantage is that because
parents assisted younger children with keeping their
diaries and with interviews, any bias that may have been
created by having younger children record their data
should have been minimized.
Robinson and Thomas - Time Spent in Activities,
Locations, and Micrvenvironments: A California-National
Comparison - Robinson and Thomas (1991) reviewed and
compared data from the 1987-88 California Air Resources
Board (CARD) time activity study and from a similar
1985 national study, American's Use of Time. Data from
the national study were recorded similarly to the CARS
code categories, in order to make data comparisons
(Robinson and Thomas, 1991).
The CARS study involved residents who lived in
the state of California. One adult 18 years or older was
randomly sampled in each household and was asked to
complete a diary with entries for the previous day's
activities and the location of each activity. Time use
patterns for other individuals 12 years and older in the
households contacted were also included in the diaries.
Telephone interviews based on the random-digit-dialing
(ROD) procedure were conducted for approximately 1,762
respondents in the CARB survey. These interviews were
distributed across all days of the week and across different
months of the year (between October 1987-August 1988).
In the 1985 National study, single day diaries were
collected from over 5,000 respondents across the U.S., 12
years of age and older. The study was conducted during
January through December 1985. Three modes of time
diary collection were employed for this survey; mailback,
telephone interview, and personal interview. Data
obtained from the personal interviews were not used in
this study (Robinson and Thomas, 1991). The sample
population for the mail-back and telephone interview was
selected based on a RDD method. The ROD was
designed to represent all telephone households in the
contiguous United States (Robinson and Thomas, 1991),
In addition to estimates of time spent at various activities
and locations, the survey design provided information on
the employment status, age, education, race, and gender
for each member of the respondent's household. The
mail-back procedure was based on a "tomorrow"
approach, and the telephone interview was based on
recall. In the "tomorrow" approach, respondents know,
and agree ahead of time, that they will be keeping a diary
(Robinson and Thomas, 1991).
Data comparisons by Robinson and Thomas (1991)
were based on 10 major activity categories (100 sub-
category codes) and 3 major locations (44 sub-location
codes) employed in both the CARB and the 1985 national
study. In order to make data comparisons, Robinson and
Thomas (1991) excluded responses from individuals of
ages 65 years and older and 18 years or younger in both
surveys. In addition, only mail-back responses were
analyzed for the 1985 national study. The data were then
weighted to project both the California and national
population in terms of days of the week, region, numbers
of respondents per household, and 3 monthly seasons of
the year (Robinson and Thomas, 1991).
Page
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August 1996
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 -Activity Factors
Table 14-4 shows the mean time spent in the 10
major activities by gender and for all respondents between
the ages of 18-64 years (time use data for the individual
activities are presented in Appendix Table 14A-2). In
both studies respondents spent most of their time (642
mins/day) on personal needs and care (i.e., sleep).
Califorrrians spent more time on paid work, education and
training, obtaining goods and services, and
communication, and less time on household work, child
care, organizational activities, entertainment/social
activities, and recreation than the national populatioa The
male and female population closely followed the same
trends as the general population. Table 14-5 shows the
mean time spent at 3 major locations for the CARB and
national study grouped by total sample and gender, ages
18-64 years (time use data for the 44 detailed
microenvirbnmens are presented in Appendix Table 14A-
3). Respondents spent most of their time at home, 892
minutes/day for the CARB and 954 minutes/day for the
national study. Californians spent more of their time
away from home and traveling compared to the national
population.
In addition, Robinson and Thomas (1991) defined
a set of 16 microenvironments based on the activity and
location codes employed in both studies. The analysis
included data for adolescents (12-17 years) and adults (65
years and older) in both the CARB study and the mail-
back portion of the 1985 national study (Robinson and
Thomas, 1991). The mean duration of time spent in
locations for total sample population, 12 years and older,
across three types of locations is presented in Table 14-6
for both studies. Respondents spent most of their time
indoors, 1255 and 1279 minutes/day for the CARB and
national study, respectively.
Table 14-7 presents the mean duration of time and
standard mean error for the 16 microenvironments
grouped by total sample population and gender. Also
included is the mean time spent for respondents ("Doers")
who reported participating in each activity. Table 14-7
shows that in both studies men spend more time in
autoplaces (garages), automobiles and other vehicles,
physical outdoor activities, outdoor sites, and work
locations. In contrast, women spend more time cooking,
engaging in other kitchen activities, performing other
chores, and shopping. The same trends also occur on a
per participant basis.
Table 14-8 shows the mean time spent in various
microenvironments grouped by type of the day (weekday
or weekend) in both studies. Generally, respondents spent
most of their time during the weekends in restaurants/bars
{CARB study), motor veliicles, outdoor activities, social-
cultural settings, leisure/communication activities, and
sleeping. Microenvironmental differences by age are
presented in Table 14-9. Respondents in the age groups
18-24 years and 25-44 years spent most of their time in
restaurants/bars and traveling. The oldest age group. 65
years and older, spent most of their time in the kitchen
(cooking and other kitchen related activities) and in
communication activities.
Limitations associated with the Robiason and
Thomas (1991) study are that the CARB survey was based
on recall and the survey was performed in California only.
This may somewhat bias the CARB data set. Another
limitation is that time distribution patterns (statistical
analysis) were not provided for both studies. Also, the
data are based on short term studies. An advantage of
this study is that the 1985 national study represents the
general U.S. population. Also, the 1985 national study
provides time estimates by activities, locations, and
microenvironments grouped by age, gender, and type of
day. Another advantage is that the data were compared
and that, overall, both data sets showed similar patterns of
activity (Robinson and Thomas, 1991).
California Air Resources Board (CARB) - Study of
Children's Activity Patterns - The California children's
activity pattern survey design provided time estimates of
children (under 12 years old) in various activities and
locations (mieroenvironments) on a typical day (CARB,
1991). The sample population, which consisted of 1,200
respondents (including children under 12 years of age and
adult informants residing in the child's household), was
selected using Waksberg RDD methods from English-
speaking households. One child was selected from each
household. If the selected child was 8 years old or less,
the adult in the same household who spent the most time
with the child responded. However, if the selected child
was between 9 and 11 years old, that child responded.
The population was also stratified to provide
representative estimates for major regions of the state.
The survey questionnaire included a time diary which
provided information on the children's activity and
location patterns based on a 24-hour recall period. In
addition, the survey questionnaire included questions about
potential exposure to sources of indoor air pollution (i.e.,
presence of smokers) on the diary day and the socio-
demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, marital
status of adult) of children and adult respondents. The
questionnaires and the time diaries were administered via
a computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI)
technology (CARB, 1991). The telephone interviews
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were conducted during April 1989 to February 1990 over
four seasons: Spring (April-June 1989), Summer (July-
September 1989), Fall (October-December 1989), and
Winter, (January-February 1990).
The data obtained from the survey interviews
resulted in ten major activity categories, 113 detailed
activity codes, 6 major categories of locations, and 63
detailed location codes. The average rime respondents
spent during the 10 activity categories for all children are
presented in Table 14-10. Also included in this table are
the detailed activity, including its code, with the highest
mean duration of rime; the percentage of respondents who
reported participating in any activity (percent doing); and
the mean, median, and maximum time duration for
"doers." The dominant activity category, personal care
(right sleep being the highest contributor), had the highest
time expenditure of 794 mins/day (13.2 hours/day). All
respondents reported sleeping at night, resulting in a mean
daily time per participant of 794 mins/day spent sleeping.
The activity category "don't know" had a duration of
about 2 mins/day and only 4 percent of the respondents
reported missing activity time.
Table 14-11 presents the mean time spent in the 10
activity categories by age and gender. Differences in
activity patterns for boys and girls tended to be small.
Table 14-12 presents the mean time spent in the 10
activity categories grouped by seasons and California
regions. There were seasonal differences for 5 activity
categories: personal care, educational activities,
social/entertainment, recreation, and communication/
passive leisure. Time expenditure differences in various
regions of the State were minimal for childcare, work-
related activities, shopping, personal care, education,
social life, and recrcatioa
Table 14-13 presents the distribution of time across
six location categories. The participation rates (percent)
of respondents, the mean, median, and maximum time for
"doers." The detailed location with the highest average
time expenditure are also shown. The largest amount of
time spent was at home (1,078 minutes/day); 99 percent
of respondents spent time at home (1,086
minutes/participant/day). Tables 14-14 and 14-15 show
the average time spent in the six locations grouped by age
and gender, and season and region, respectively. There
are age differences in time expenditure in educational
settings for boys and girls (Table 14-14). There are no
differences in time expenditure at the six locations by
regions, and time spent fa school decreased in the summer
months compared to other seasons (Table 14-15). Table
14-16 shows the average potential exposure time children
spent in proximity to tobacco smoke, gasoline fumes, and
gas oven fumes grouped by age and gender. The sampled
children spent more time closer to tobacco smoke (77
mins/day) than gasoline fumes (2 mins/day) and gas oven
fumes (11 mins/day).
A limitation of this study is that the sampling
population was restricted to only English-speaking
households; therefore, the data obtained does not represent
the diverse population group present in California.
Another limitation is that time use values obtained from
this survey were based on short-term recall data;
therefore, the data set obtained may be biased. Other
limitations are: the survey was conducted in California
and is not representative of the national population, and
the significance of the observed differences in the data
obtained (i.e., gender, age, seasons, and regions) were
not tested statistically. An advantage of this study is that
time expenditure in various activities and locations were
presented for children grouped by age, gender, and
seasons. Also, potential exposures of respondents to
pollutants were explored in the survey. Another
advantage is the use of the CATI program in obtaining
time diaries, which allows automatic coding of activities
and locations onto a computer tape, and allows activities
forgotten by respondents to be inserted into its appropriate
position during interviewing (CARS, 1991).
U.S. EPA - Dermal Exposure Assessment:
Principles and Applications - U.S. EPA (1992) addressed
the variables of exposure time, frequency, and duration
needed to calculate dermal exposure as related to activity.
The reader is referred to the document for a detailed
discussion of these variables in relation to soil and water
related activities. The suggested values that can be used
for dermal exposure are presented in Table 14-17.
Limitations of this study are that the values are based on
small data sets and a limited number of studies. An
advantage is that it presents default values for frequency
and duration for use in exposure assessments when
specific data are not available.
James and Knuiman - An Application of Bayes
Methodology to the Analysis of Diary Records from a
Water Use Study - In 1987, James and Knuiman provided
a distribution of the amount of time spent showering by
individuals in households located in Australia. This
distribution was based on diary records of 2,500
households. Using these data, a cumulative frequency
distribution was derived and is presented in Table 14-18.
Based on these results, the mean shower length is
approximately 8 minutes, the median shower length is
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approximately 7 minutes and the 90th percentile is
approximately 12 minutes,
A limitation of the study is that the data are from
households in Australia and may not be representative of
U.S. households. An advantage is that it presents
cumulative distribution data.
Tsang and Klepeis (1996) - National Human
Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) - The National Human
Activity Pattern Survey was conducted by the U.S. EPA
(Tsang and Klepeis, 1996). It is the largest and most
current human activity pattern survey available (Tsang and
Klepeis, 1996). Data for 9,386 respondents in the 48
contiguous United States were collected via minute-by-
minute 24-hour diaries between October 1992 and
September 1994. Detailed data were collected for a
maximum of 82 different possible locations, and a
maximum of 91 different activities. Participants were
selected using a Ramdon Digit Dial (RDD) method and
Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). The
response rate was 63 percent, overall. If the chosen
respondent was a child too young to interview, an adult in
the household gave a proxy interview. Each participant
was asked to recount their entire daily routine from
midnight to midnight immediately previous to the day that
they were interviewed. The survey collected information
on duration and frequency of selected activities and of the
time spent in selected microenvironments. In addition,
demographic information was collected for each
respondent to allow for statistical summaries to be
generated according to specific subgroups of the U.S.
population (i.e., by gender, age, race, employment status,
census region, season, etc.). The participants* responses
were weighted according to geographic, socioeconomic,
time/season, and other demographic factors to ensure that
results were representative of the U.S. population. The
weighted sample matches the 1990 U.S. census population
for each gender, age group, census region, and the day-of-
week and seasonal responses are equally distributed.
Saturdays and Sundays were oversampled to ensure an
adequate weekend sample.
The data presented are a compilation of 24-hour
diary locations, activities, and follow-up exposure
questions based on exposure-related events (personal,
exposure, household characteristics, medical background)
(Tsang and Klepeis, 1996). Data presented are reported
in the form of means, percentages of time spent, and
percentages of respondent occurrences. The diary data are
useftjl for obtaining national representative distributions of
time spent in a large variety of activities and locations in
a single day {Tsang and Klepeis, 1996). According to
Tsang and Klepeis (1996), the 24-hour diaries in the
NHAPS are useful in probabilistic modeling (Monte-
Carlo) that provides frequency distributions of exposure.
Overall survey results indicate that for time spent in
microenvironments, the largest overall percentage of time
was spent in residential-indoors (67 percent), followed by
time spent outdoors (8 percent), and then time spent in
vehicles (5 percent) (Tsang and Klepeis, 1996). NHAPS
data on the time spent in selected activities are presented
in Tables 14-19 through 14-92. NHAPS data on the time
spent in selected microenvironments are presented in
Tables 14-93 to 14-139.
Tables 14-19 through 14-30 provide information on
the frequency and duration of taking baths, frequency of
taking showers, and on the amount of time spent in the
shower or bathroom after completion of the activity.
Table 14-31 provides the frequency for washing the hand
in a day. Tables 14-32 through 14-34 present information
on time spent by persons working with or being near foods
while being grilled or barbecued, working with or near
open flames, and working or being near excessive dust in
the air. Tables 14-35 through 14-37 provide data for the
number of times a vehicle was started in a garage or
carport and started with the door closed, and time spent at
a gas station or repair shop. Tables 14-38 through-14-40
present information on the number of times windows and
doors were opened and the number of minutes left open at
home in a day. Tables 14-41 through 14-45 provide data
for time spent in heavy traffic either running, walking.
standing, or in a vehicle, and time spent in indoor and
outdoor parking lots and garages. Tables 14-46 through
14-48 present information for time spent working for pay
and for time spent working outdoors. Tables 14-49
through 14-54 provide information for frequency of
performing household tasks such as vacuuming, wasiung
dishes, and clothes in the home. Tables 14-55 through 14-
62 present data for frequency and duration on playing in
sand, gravel, and din; and working in circumstances
where one comes in contact with soil such as a garden.
Tables 14-63 through 14-65 provide information on the
number of times the respondent went swimming in a fresh
water pool and the time spent in the water during 1 month.
Tables 14-66 through 14-85 present 24-hour
cumulative statistics for time spent in various major
categories. They are as follows: Paid Work (main job);
Household Work (food preparation and cleanup, cleaning
house, clothes care); Child Care (indoor and outdoor
playing); Obtaining Goods and Services (car repair);
Personal Needs and Care (sleeping/napping); Free Time
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and Education (school); and Recreation (active sports,
exercise, outdoor recreation).
Tables 14-86 through 14-92 prvide 24-hour
cumulative statistics for time spent in various activities
that are the results of regrouping/combining activities
described in Tables 14-66 through 14-85, They were
regrouped into broader categories in order to present
categories with a larger number of occurrences in an
attempt to create useful exposure activities from die
available data (Tsang and Klepeis, 1996).
Tables 14-93 through 14-101 provide statistics for
time spent in various indoor mieroenvironments such as
repair shops/gas stations; bar/ night club/bowling alley;
and at school. Tables 14-102 through 14-110 present
statistical data for time spent in various outdoor locations.
These tables include locations such as school
grounds/playground; parking lots; construction sites; parks
and golf courses; and farms.
Statistics for time spent in various locations in the
home are presented in Tables 14-111 through 14-118.
Data are presented for the 24-hour cumulative number of
minutes spent in the kitchen, bathroom, bedroom, garage,
basement, utility room or laundry room, in the outdoor
pool or spa; and in the yard or other areas outside the
house. Tables 14-119 through 14-128 provide data on
time spent traveling and in various types of vehicles, and
on rime spent walking.
Tables 14-129 through 14-138 present information
on locations/microenvironments that have been
regrouped/combined based on various data described in
Tables 14-93 through 14-128. Tables 14-129 through 14-
138 provide statistics for total time spent indoors at home,
including all rooms; outdoors at home; traveling inside a
vehicle; outdoors near a vehicle; outdoors other than near
a residence; in an office or factors; in malls and other
stores; in various public buildings, in bars, restaurants,
etc.; and outdoor locations such as auto repair shops and
laundromats. Table 14-139 provides the statistics for the
cumulative number of minutes spent in an activity or
microenvironmem where a smoker was present.
Advantages of the NHAPS dataset are that it is
representative of the U.S. population and it has been
adjusted to be balanced geographically, seasonally, and for
day/time. Also, it is representative for all ages, gender,
and race.
14.1.2. Relevant Activity Pattern Studies
Robinson - Changes in Americans' Use efTime:
1965-1975 - Robinson (1977) compared time use data
obtained from two national surveys that were conducted in
1965-1966 and in 1975. Each survey used the time-diary
method to collect data. The 1965-66 survey excluded
people in the following categories: (a) Non-Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area (non-SMSA) (designation of
Census Bureau areas having no city with more than
50,000 population); (to) households where no adult
members were in the labor force for at least 10 hours per
week; (c) age 65 and over; and (d) farm-related
occupations (Robinson, 1977). The 1,244 respondents in
the 1965-66 study included either employed men and
women or housewives (Robinson, 1977). The survey was
conducted between November-December 1965 and
March-April 1966. Respondents recorded their daily
activities in time diaries by using the "tomorrow"
approach. In this approach, diaries were kept on the day
following the interviewer's initial contact. The
interviewer then made a second call to the respondent to
determine if the information in diaries were correct and to
obtain additional data. Only one person per household
was interviewed. The survey was designed to obtain
information on time spent with family members, time
spent at various locations during activities, and performing
primary and secondary activities.
A similar study was conducted in 1975 from
October through December. Unlike the 1965-1966
survey, the 1975 survey included rural areas, farmers, the
unemployed, students, and retirees. Time diary data were
collected using the "yesterday" approach. In this
approach, interviewers made only one contact widi
respondents (greater than 1500) and die diaries were filled
out based on a 24-hour recall (Robinson, 1977). Time
diary data were also collected from the respondents'
spouses.
In both surveys, the various activities were coded
into 96 categories, and then were combined into five
major categories. Free-time activities were grouped into
5 sub-categories (Appendix Table 14A-2). In order to
compare data obtained from both surveys, Robinson
(1977) excluded the same population groups in the 1975
survey that were excluded in the 1965-66 survey (i.e.,
farmers, rural residents).
Results obtained from the surveys were presented
by gender, age, marital and employment status, race, and
education. Robinson (1977) reported the data collected in
hours/week; however, the method for converting daily
activities to hours/week were not presented. Table 14-140
shows the differences in time use by gender, employment,
and marital status for five major activity categories and
five subcategories for 1965 and 1975. Time spent on
work related activities (i.e., work for pay and family care)
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was lower in 1975 than in 1965 for employed men and
women. Table 14-140 also shows that there was an
overall increase in free time activities for all the six
groups. The difference in time use in 1965 and 1975 are
presented by age, education, and race in Tables 14-141,
14-142, and 14-143, respectively. These tables include
data for students and certain employed respondents that
were excluded in Table 14-40 (Robinson, 1977). In 1975,
the eldest group (ages 56-65 years) showed a decline in
paid work, and an increase in family care, personal care
and sleep (Table 14-141). Education level comparisons
across the ten-year interval indicated that die less educated
had a decrease in paid work and an increase in sleep and
personal care; the most educated had an increase in work
time and a decrease in other leisure (Table 14-142). For
racial comparisons. Blacks spent less time at paid work
than Whites across die ten-year interval (Table 14-143).
Table 14-144 also shows that Blacks spent more lime than
Whites at free time activities in 1975.
A limitation of die study survey design is that time
use data were garnered as social indicators. Therefore,
the activity categories presented may not be relevant in
exposure assessments. Another limitation is that statistical
analysis of me data set was not provided. Additional
limitations are that the time use data are old and the data
may not reflect recent changes in time use. The 1965 and
1975 data sets excluded certain population groups and,
therefore, may not be entirely representative of the U.S.
population. Another limitation is that these are short-term
studies and may not necessarily represent long-term
activity patterns. An advantage of this study is that time
use data were presented by age, gender, race, education
level, and employment and marital status. Another
advantage is that earlier investigations on the study method
(24-hr recall) employed in the 1965 study revealed no
systematic biases in reported activities (Robinson, 1977).
Robinson (1977) also noted that the time-diary method
provides a "zero-sum" measure (i.e., since there are only
24 daily hours or 168 weekly hours, if time on one activity
increases then time on another activity must decrease).
Juster et al. - 1975-1981 Time Use Longitudinal
Panel Study - The Time Allocation longitudinal study of
the U.S. population began as part of a multinational
project with the first survey conducted in 1965-66. A
second national time use survey was conducted in 1975-
1976 and another in 1981 (Juster et al. 1983). Juster et al.
(1983) provided study descriptions of the second and third
surveys. The surveys included a probability sample of the
adult population (18 years and older) and children between
the ages of 3 and 17 years in me United States. In bom
surveys, time use was measured from 24-hour recall
diaries administered to respondents and their spouses.
The 1975-1976 survey involved four waves of interview:
wave 1, October-November 1975; wave 2, February
1976; wave 3, May-June 1976; wave 4. September 1976.
The first wave was a personal interview and the other
three waves were telephone interviews. The 1975L1976
survey sample consisted of 2,300 individuals, and of that
sample, 1,519 respondents. Four recall diaries (one from
each wave of interviews) were obtained from 947
respondents, with data on time use measures for two
weekdays, one Saturday and one Sunday. The survey was
designed to gather information for: employment status;
earnings and other income; "consumption benefits for
activities of respondents and their spouses;" health,
friendships and associations of the respondents; stock
technology available to the household, house repair, and
maintenance activities of the family; division of labor in
household work and related attitudes; physical
characteristics of the respondents housing structure, net
worth and housing values; job characteristics; and
characteristics of mass media usage on a typical day
(Juster etal., 1983).
The 1981 survey was a follow-up of respondents
and spouses who had completed at least three waves of
interview in the 1975-1976 survey. For the 1981 survey,
920 individuals were eligible. The survey design was
similar to the 1975-1976 survey, however in this survey,
the adult population was 25 years and older and consisted
of 620 respondents. Four waves of interviews were
conducted between February - March 1981 (wave 1), May
- June 1981 (wave 2), September 1981 (wave 3), and
November - December (wave 4). The 1981 survey
included the respondents' children between the ages of 3
and 17 years. The survey design for children provided
information on rime use measures from two time diary
reports: one school day and one non-school day. In
addition, information for academic achievement measures,
school and family life measures, and ratinp from the
children's teachers were gathered during the survey.
Jusier et al. (1983) did not report the time use data
obtained for the 1975-1976 survey or the 1981 survey.
These data are stored in four tape files and can be
obtained from the Inter-university Consortium for Political
and Social Research (ICPSR) in Michigan. The response
rate for the first wave of interview (1975-76 survey) based
on the original sample population was 66 percent, and
response rates for the subsequent waves ranged from 42
percent (wave 4) to 50 percent (wave 2). In the 1981
survey, the response rate based on eligible respondents
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was 67 percent tor the first interview, are! ranged from 54
percent (wave 4) to 60 percent (wave 2) in the subsequent
interviews (luster et al., 1985). The 1975-1976 survey
included 87 activities. In the 1981 survey, these 87
activities were broken down into smaller components,
resulting in 223 activities (luster et al., 1985). The
activity codes and descriptors used for the adult time
diaries in both surveys are presented in Appendix
Table 14A-3.
A limitation of this study is that the surveys were
not designed for exposure assessment purposes.
Therefore, the time use data set may be biased. Another
limitation is that rime use data collected were based on a
24-hour diary recall. This may somewhat bias the data set
obtained from this survey. An advantage associated with
this survey is that it provides a database of information on
various human activities. This information can be used to
assess various exposure pathways and scenarios associated
witli tturse activities. Also, some of the data from these
surveys were used in the studies conducted by Timmer et
al. (1985) and Hill (1985). In addition, the activity
descriptor codes developed in these studies were used by
Timmer et al (1985), Hill (1985), and Robinson and
Thomas (1991). These studies are presented in Sections
14,1.1 and 14.1,2. Another advantage of this survey is
that the data are based on a national survey and conducted
over a one year period, resulting in a seasonally balanced
survey and one representative of the U.S. population.
Hill - Patterns of Time Use - Hill (1985)
investigated the total amount of time American adults
spend in one year performing various activities and the
variation in time use across three different dimensions:
demographic characteristics, geographical location, and
seasonal characteristics. In this study, time estimates
were based on data collected from time diaries in four
waves (1 per season) of a survey conducted in the fall of
1975 through the fall of 1976 for the 1975-1976 Time
Allocation Study. The sampling periods included two
weekdays, one Saturday and one Sunday. The 1975-1976
Time Allocation Study provided information on the
amount of time spent performing primary activities. The
information gathered were responses to the survey
question "What were you doing?" The survey also
provided information on secondary activities (i.e.,
respondents performing more than one activity at the same
time). Hill (1985) analyzed time estimates for 10 broad
categories of activities based on data collected from 87
activities. These estimates included seasonal variation in
time use patterns and comparisons of time use patterns for
different days of the week. The 10 major categories and
ranges of activity codes are listed in Appendix Table 14A-
4. Hill (1985) collected data on time use for the major
activity patterns in four different age groups (18-24, 25-
44, 45-64, and 65 years and older). However, the time
use data were summarized in graphs rather than in tables.
Analysis of the 1975-76 survey data revealed very
small regional differences in time use among the broad
activity patterns (Hill, 1985). The weighted mean hours
per week spent performing the 10 major activity categories
presented by region are shown in Table 14-144. In all
regions, adults spent more time on personal care (included
night sleep). Adults in the North Central region of the
country spent more time on market work activities than
adults in other regions of the country. Adults in the South
spent more time on leisure activities (passive and active
combined) than adults elsewhere (Table 14-144). Table
14-145 presents the time spent per day, by the day of the
week for the 10 major activity categories. Time spent on
the 87 activities (components of the 10 major categories)
are presented in Appendix Table 14A-5. Adult time use
was dominated in descending order by personal care
(including sleep), market work, passive leisure, and house
work. Collectively, these activities represent about 80
percent of available time (Hill, 1985).
According to Hill (1985), sleep was the single most
dominant activity averaging about 56.3 hours per week.
Television watching (passive leisure) averaged about 21.8 •
hours per week, and housework activities averaged about
14.7 hours per week. Weekdays were predominantly
market-work oriented. Weekends (Saturday and Sunday)
were predominantly devoted to household tasks ("sleeping
in," socializing, and active leisure) (Hill, 1985).
Table 14-146 presents the mean time spent performing
tliese 10 groups of activities during each wave of interview
(fall, winter, spring, and summer). Adjustments were
made to the data to assure equal distributions of weekdays,
Saturdays, and Sundays (Hill, 1985). The data indicates
that the time periods adults spent performing market
work, child care, shopping, organizational activities, and
active leisure were fairly constant throughout the year
(Hill, 1985). The mean hours spent per week in
performing the 10 major activity patterns arc presented by
gender in Table 14-147 (time use patterns for all 87
activities are presented in Appendix Table 14A-6). Table
14-147 indicates that time use patterns determined by data
collected for the mid-1970's survey show gender
differences. Men spent more time on activities related to
labor market work and education, and women spent more
time on household work activities.
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A limitation associated with this study is that the
time data were obtained from an old survey conducted in
the mid-1970s. Because of fairly rapid changes in
American society, applying these data to current exposure
assessments may result in some biases. Another limitation
is that time use data were not presented for children. An
advantage of this study is that time diaries were kept and
data were not based on recall. The former approach may
result in a more accurate data set. Another advantage of
this study is that the survey is seasonally balanced since it
was conducted throughout the year and the data are from
a large survey sample.
Sett-The Use of Children's Activity Patterns in the
Development of a Strategy for Soil Sampling in West
Central Phoenix - In a report prepared for the Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality, Sell (1989)
investigated tits activity patterns of preschool and school
age children in the west central portion of Phoenix known
asMaryvale. The survey was conducted in two parts: (1)
most of the school age children were interviewed
personally from May through June, 1989 in three schools;
and (2) survey questionnaires were mailed to parents of
preschool children.
In the first survey, 15 percent of the total school
population (2,008) was sampled with 111 children in
grades K-6 participating (response rate of 37 percent).
The surveyed population was 53.2 percent male and 46.8
percent female. Of this population, 41 percent were
Hispanics, 49.5 percent Anglos, 7.2 percent Blacks, and
1.7 percent Asians. The children interviewed were
between the ages of 5 and 13 years. Within each school,
the children in grades K-6 were stratified into two groups,
primary (grades K-3) and intermediate (grades 4-6), and
children were selected randomly from each group.
Children in grades K-2 were either interviewed in school
or at home in the presence of a parent or an adult care-
provider. In die course of the interview, children were
asked to identify locations of activity areas, social areas
(i.e., places they went with friends), favorite areas, and
locations of forts or clubhouses. Aerial photographs were
used to mark these areas.
The second survey involved only preschool
children. Parents completed questionnaires which
provided information on the amount of time their children
spent outdoors, outdoor play locations, favorite places,
digging areas, use of park or playgrounds, and swimming
or wading locations. This survey was conducted between
June-July 1989. One thousand (1,000) parents were
sampled, but only 211 questionnaires were usable out of
886 questionnaires received resulting in a response rate for
the preschool's survey of about 24 percent. The sample
population consisted of children 1 month and up to
preschool age. Of this population. 53 percent were
Anglos, 18 percent Hispanics, 2 percent Blacks, and 3
percent Asians.
The survey design considered the kinds of activities
children engaged in, but not the amount of time cliildren
spent in each activity. Therefore, Sell (1989) presented
the data obtained from the survey in terms of percent of
respondents who engaged in specific activities or
locations. A summary of percent responses. of the
preschool and school-age children's activities at various
locations in the Maryvale study areas are presented in
Table 14-148. Also included in this table is a ranking of
children's play locations based on other existing research
works. Based on the survey data. Sell (1989) reported
that the median time preschool children spent outdoors on
weekdays was 1-2 hours, and on weekends the median
time spent outdoors was 2-5 hours. Most of these
children played outside in their own yards, and some
played in other people's yards or parks and playgrounds
(Sell, 1989).
Limitations associated with this study are that the
survey design did not report the time spent in various
activities or locations and the response rates obtained from
the surveys were low and, therefore, may result in biased
data. In addition, because the survey was conducted in
Arizona, the surveyed population does not represent the
children's population on a national basis. Advantages of
this study are that it provides data on various activities
children engage in and locations of these activities, and
provides for time spent outdoors. This information is
useful in determining exposure pathways to toxic
pollutants for children.
Tarshis - The Average American Book - Tarshis
(1981) compiled a book addressing the habits, tastes,
lifestyles, and attitudes of the American people in which
he reported data on time spent in personal grooming. The
data presented are gathered from small surveys, the
Newspaper Advertising Bureau, and magazines. Tarshis
reported frequency and percentage data by gender and age
for grooming activities such as showering and bathing as
follows:
• 90 percent take some sort of a bath in an average
24-hour period;
• 5 percent average more than 1 shower or bath a
day;
• 75 percent of men shower, 25 percent take baths;
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• 50 percent of women take showers, 50 percent
take baths;
• 65 percent of teenage girls 16-19 shower daily;
» 55 percent of teenage girls take at least one bath
a week;
« 50 percent of women use an additive in their bath
every time they bathe;
• People are more likely to shower than bathe if
they are young and have higher income; and
* Showering is more popular than bathing in large
cities.
Limitations of this study are that the data are
compiled from other sources, and that the data are old; it
is possible that these data may not reflect the current
trends of the general population. An advantage of the
study is that it presents frequency data that are useful in
exposure assessment, especially concerning volatilization
of chemicals from water.
AIHC (1994) - Exposure Factors Sourcebook - The
activity factors data presented in the Sourcebook are
similar to that in this handbook. The AIHC Sourcebook
uses tenure data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(1987), while this handbook uses more recent data (Carey,
1988) and provides general and specific recommendations
for various age groups. Distributions were derived using
data presented in U.S. EPA (1989) version of this
handbook, he Bureau of Labor Statistics (1984), and
various other references. Distribution data and/or
recommendations are presented for time in one residence,
residential occupancy, time spent indoors/outdoors, hours
at home/away from home for adults and children, hours
at work for adults, working tenure, and shower duration.
For each distribution, the ©Risk formula is provided for
direct use in die ©Risk software (Palisade, 1992). The
Sourcebook has been classified as a relevant rather than a
key study becuase it is not the primary source for the data
used to make recommendations. It is a relevant source of
alterntive information.
14.2. OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY
14.2.1. Background
The amount of time spent in different types of
occupations may affect the duration and/or magnitude of
exposures to contaminants specific to those occupations.
For example, an individual who spends an entire lifetime
as a farmer may experience a longer duration of exposure
to certain contaminants, especially pesticides, than
individuals who leave fanning for indoor occupations.
Also, individual exposures to specific chemicals in the
work place may be significantly reduced when individuals
change jobs. Work place exposures among women may
be of shorter duration than among men because women's
careers may be interrupted by home and family
responsibilities. The key studies presented in the
following section provide occupational tenure for workers
grouped by age, race, gender, and employment status.
14.2.2. Key Occupational Mobility Studies
Carey (1988) - Occupational Tenure in 1987:
Many Workers Have Remained in Their Fields - Carey
(1988) presented median occupational and employer tenure
for different age groups, gender, earnings, ethnicity, and
educational attainment. Occupational tenure was defined
as "the cumulative number of years a person worked in his
or her current occupation, regardless of number of
employers, interruptions in employment, or time spent in
other occupations" (Carey, 1988). The information
presented was obtained from supplemental data to the
January 1987 Current Population Study, a U.S. Bureau of
the Census publication. Carey (1988) did not present
information on the survey design.
The median occupational tenure by age and gender,
ethnicity, and employment status are presented in Tables
14-149, 14-150, and 14-151, respectively. The median
occupational tenure of the working population (109.1
million people) 16 years of age and older in January of
1987, was 6.6 years (Table 14-149). Table 14-149 also
shows that median occupational tenure increased from 1.9
years for workers ages 16-24 to 21.9 for workers 70 years
and older. The median occupational tenure for men 16
years and older was higher (7.9 years) than for women of
the same age group (5.4 years). Table 14-150 indicates
that whiles had longer occupational tenure (6.7 years) than
blacks (5.8 years), and Hispanics (4.5 years). Full-time
workers had more occupational tenure than part-time
workers 7.2 years and 3.1 years, respectively (Table 14-
151).
Table 14-152 presents the median occupational
tenure among major occupational groups. The median
tenure ranged from 4.1 years for service workers to 10.4
years for people employed in farming, forestry, and
fishing. In addition, median occupational tenure among
detailed occupations ranged from 24.8 years for barbers
to 1.5 years for food counter and fountain workers
(Appendix Table 14A-7).
The strength of an individual's attachment to a
specific occupation has been attributed to the individual's
investment in education (Carey, 1988). Carey (1988)
reported the median occupational tenure for the surveyed
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working population by age and educational level.
Workers with 5 or more years of college had the highest
median occupational tenure of 10.1 years. Workers that
were 65 years and older with 5 or more years of college
had the highest occupational tenure level of 33.8 years.
The median occupational tenure was 10.6 years for self-
employed workers and 6.2 years for wage and salary
workers (Carey, 1988).
A limitation associated with this study is that the
survey design employed in the data collection was not
presented. Therefore, the validity and accuracy of the
data set cannot be determined. Another limitation is that
only median values were reported in the study. An
advantage of this study is that occupational tenure (years
spent in a specific occupation) was obtained for various
age groups by gender, ethnicity, employment status, and
educational level. Another advantage of this study is that
the data were based on a survey population which appears
to represent the general U.S. population.
Carey - Occupational Tenure, Employer Tenure,
and Occupational Mobility - Carey (1990) conducted
another study that was similar in scope to the study of
Carey (1988). The January 1987 Current Population
Study (CPS) was used. This study provided data on
occupational mobility and employer tenure in addition to
occupational tenure. Occupational tenure was defined in
Carey (1988) as the "the cumulative number of years a
person worked in his or her current occupation, regardless
of number of employees, interruptions in employment, or
time spent in other locations." Employer tenure was
defined as "the length of time a worker has been with the
same employer," while occupational mobility was defined
as "the number of workers who change from one
occupation to another" (Carey, 1990), Occupational
mobility was measured by asking individuals who were
employed in both January 1986 and January 1987 if they
were doing the same kind of work in each of these months
(Carey, 1990). Carey (1990) further analyzed the
occupational mobility data and obtained information on
entry and exit rates for occupations. These rates were
defined as "the percentage of persons employed in an
occupation who had voluntarily entered it from another
occupation" and an exit rate was defined as "the
percentage of persons employed in an occupation who had
voluntarily left for a new occupation" (Carey, 1990).
Table 14-153 shows the voluntary occupational
mobility rates in January 1987 for workers 16 years and
older. For all workers, the overall voluntary occupational
mobility rate was 5.3 percent. These data also show that
younger workers left occupations at a higher rate than
older workers. Carey (1990) reported that 10 million of
the 100.1 million individuals employed in January 1986
and in January 1987 had changed occupations during that
period, resulting in an overall mobility rate of 9.9 percent.
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations had
the highest entry rate of 5.3 percent, followed by
administrative support (including clerical) at 4.9 percent.
Sales had the highest exit rate of 5.3 percent and service
had the second highest exit rate of 4.8 percent (Carey,
1990). In January 1987, the median employer tenure for
all workers was 4.2 years. The median employee tenure
was" 12.4 years for those workers that were 65 years of
age and older (Carey, 1990).
Because the study was conducted by Carey (1990)
in a manner similar to that of the previous study (Carey,
1988), the same advantages and disadvantages associated
with Carey (1988) also apply to this data set.
14.3. POPULATION MOBILITY
14.3.1. Background
An assessment of population mobility can assist in
determining the length of time a household is exposed in
a particular location. For example, the duration of
exposure to site-specific contamination, such as a polluted
stream from which a family fishes or contaminated soil on
which children play or vegetables are grown, will be
directly related to the period of time residents live near the
contaminated site.
Information regarding population mobility is
compiled and published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census
(BOC). Banks, insurance companies, credit card
companies, real estate and housing associations use
residence history information. However, usually this
information is confidential. Information compiled by the
BOC provides information about population mobility;
however, it is difficult to determine the average residence
time of a homeowner or apartment dweller from this
information. Census data provide representations of a
cross-section of the population at specific points in time,
but the surveys are not designed to follow individual
families through time. The most current BOC information
about annual geographical mobility and mobility by State
is summarized in Appendix 14B. Figure 14-1 graphically
displays the distribution of movers by type of move.
Available information was provided by the Oxford
Development Corporation, the National Association of
Realtors (NAR), and the BOC. According to Oxford
Development Corporation, a property management firm,
the typical residence time for an apartment dweller for
their corporation has been estimated to range from 18 to
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Different County
Same State
18,5%
Different State
16.8%
Abroad
2.9%
Local Movers, Within
Same County
61.95%
Figure 14-1. Distribution of Individuals Moving by Type of Move: 1991-92.
Source: U.S Bureau of the Census, 1993
30 months (S. Cameron Hendricks, Sales Department,
Oxford Development Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD,
personal communication with P. Wood (Versar) August
10, 1992).
14.3.2. Key Population Mobility Studies
Israeli and Nelson (1992) - Distribution and
Expected Time of Residence for U.S. Households - In risk
assessments, the average current residence time (time
since moving into current residence) has often been used
as a substitute for the average total residence time (time
between moving into and out of a residence) (Israeli and
Nelson, 1992). Israeli and Nelson (1992) have estimated
distributions of expected time of residence for U.S.
households. Distributions and averages for both current
and total residence times were calculated for several
housing categories using the 1985 and 1987 BOC housing
survey data. The total residence time distribution was
estimated from current residence time data by modeling
the moving process (Israeli and Nelson, 1992). Israeli
and Nelson (1992) estimated the average total residence
time for a household to be approximately 4.6 years or 1/6
of the expected life span (see Table 14-154). The
maximal total residence time that a given fraction of
households will live in the same residence is presented in
Table 14-155. For example, only 5 percent of the
individuals in the "All Households" category will live in
the same residence for 23 years and 95 percent will move
in less than 23 years.
The authors note that the data presented are for the
expected time a household will stay in the same residence.
The data do not predict the expected residence time for
each member of the household, which is generally
expected to be smaller (Israeli and Nelson, 1992). These
values are more realistic estimates for the individual total
residence time, than the average time a household has
been living at its current residence. The expected total
residence time for a household is consistently less than the
average current residence time. This is the result of
greater weighting of short residence time when calculating
the average total residence time than when calculating the
average current residence time (Israeli and Nelson, 1992).
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When averaging total residence over a time interval,
frequent movers may appear several times, but when
averaging current residence times, each household appears
only once (Israeli and Nelson, 1992). According to Israeli
and Nelson (1992), the residence time distribution
developed by the model is skewed and the median values
are considerably less than the means (T), which are less
than the average current residence times.
U.S. Bureau of the Census (1993) - American
Housing Survey for the United States in 1991 - This
survey is a national sample of 55,000 interviews in which
collected data were presented owners, renters. Black
householders, and Hispanic householders. The data
reflect the number of years a unit has been occupied and
represent all occupied housing units that the residents'
rented or owned at the time of the survey.
The results of the survey pertaining to residence
time of owner/renter occupied units in the U.S. are
presented in Table 14-156. Using the data in Table 14-
156, the percentages of householders living in houses for
specified time ranges were determined and are presented
in Table 14-157. Based on the BOC data in Table 14-156,
the 50th percentile and the 90th pereentite values were
calculated for the number of years lived in the
householder's current house. These values were
calculated by apportioning the total sample size (93,147
households) to the indicated percentile associated with the
applicable range of years lived in the current home.
Assuming an even distribution within the appropriate
range, the 50th and 90th percentile values for years living
in current home were determined to be 9.1 and 32.7
years, respectively. These were then rounded to 9 and
33 years. Based on the above data, the range of 9 to 33
years is assumed to best represent a central tendency
estimate of length of residence and upper percentile
estimate of residence time, respectively.
A limitation associated with the above analysis is
the assumption that there is an even distribution within the
different ranges. As a result, the 50th and 90th percentile
values may be biased.
Johnson and Capel (1992) - A Monte Carlo
Approach to Simulating Residential Occupancy Periods
and It's Application to the General U.S. Population -
Johnson and Capel developed a methodology to estimate
the distribution of the residential occupancy period (ROP)
in the national population. ROP denotes the time (years)
between a person moving into a residence and the time the
person moves out or dies. The methodology used a Monte
Carlo approach to simulate a distribution of ROP for
500,000 persons using data on population, mobility, and
mortality
The methodology coasisted of six steps. The first
step defined the population of interest and categorized
them by location, gender, age. sex, and race. Next the
demographic groups were selected and the fraction of the
specified population that fell into each group was
developed using U.S. BOC data. A mobility table was
developed based on census data, which provided the
probability that a person with specified demographics did
not move during the previous year. The fifth step used
data on vital statistics published by the National Center for
Health Statistics and developed a mortality table which
provided the probability that individuals with specific
demographic characteristics would die during the
upcoming year. As a final step, a computer based
algorithm was used to apply a Monte Carlo approach to a
series of persons selected at random from the population
being analyzed.
Table 14-158 presents the results for residential
occupancy periods for the total population, by gender.
The estimated mean ROP for the total population was 11.7
years. The distribution was skewed (Johnson and Capel,
1992): the 25th, 50th, and 75th pereentiles were 4, 9, and
16 years, respectively. The 90th, 95th, and 99th
pereentiles were 26, 33, and 47 years, respectively. The
mean ROP was 11.1 years for males and 12.3 years for
females, and the median value was 8 years for males and
9 years for females.
Descriptive statistics for subgroups defined by
current ages were also calculated. These data, presented
by gender, are shown in Table 14-159. The mean ROP
increases from age 3 to age 12 and there is a noticeable
decrease at age 24. However, there is a steady increase
from age 24 through age 81.
There are a few biases within this methodology that
have been noted by the authors. The probability of not
moving is estimated as a function only of gender and age.
The Monte Carlo process assumes that this probability is
independent of (1) the calendar year to which it is applied,
and (2) the past history of the person being simulated.
These assumptions, according to Johnson and Capel
(1992), are not entirely correct. They believe that
extreme values are a function of sample size and will, for
the most pan, increase as the number of simulated persons
increases.
14.3.3. Relevant Population Mobility Studies
National Association of Realtors (NAR) (1993) The
Home Buying and Selling Process - The NAR survey was
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conducted by mailing a questionnaire to 15,000 home
buyers tlirouphout the U.S. who purchased homes during
the second half of 1993. The survey was conducted in
December 1993 and 1,763 usable responses were
received, equaling a response rate of 12 percent. Of the
respondents, forty-one percent were first rime buyers.
Home buyer names and addresses were obtained from
Dataman Information Services (DIS). DIS compiles
information on residential real estate transactions from
more than 600 counties throughout the United States using
courthouse deed records. Most of the 250 Metropolitan
Statistical Areas are also covered in the DIS data
compilation.
The home buyers were questioned on the length of
time they owned their previous home. A typical repeat
buyer was found to have lived in their previous home
between four and seven years. The survey results indicate
tliat tlK average tenure of home buyers is 7.1 years based
on an overall residence history of the respondents. These
results are presented in Table 14-160. In addition, the
median length of residence in respondents' previous
homes was found to be 6 years (see Table 14-161).
The distances the respondents moved to their new
homes were typically short distances. Data presented in
Table 14-162 indicate that the median distances range
from 11 miles for new home buyers and repeat buyers to
8 years for first time buyers arid existing home buyers.
Seventeen (17) percent of respondents purchased homes
over 100 miles from their previous homes and 49 percent
purchased homes less than 10 miles away.
Leluneui - Homeowners Relocating at Faster Pace -
Lehman (1994) presents data gathered by the Chicago
Title and Trust Family Insurers. The data indicate that,
in 1993, average U.S. homeowners moved every 12
years. In 1992, homeowners moved every 13.4 years and
In 1991, every 14.3 years. Data from the U.S. Bureau of
the Census indicate that 7 percent of the owner population
moved in 1991. Based on this information, Lehman has
concluded that it would take 12 years for 100 percent of
owners to move. According to Lehman, Bill Harriett of
the U.S. Bureau of the Census has been said that 14 years
is a closer estimate for the time required for 100 percent
of home owners to move. An advantage of this study is
that it provides percentile data for the residential
occupancy period.
14.4 RECOMMENDATIONS
Assessors are commonly interested in a number of
specific types of time use data including time/frequencies
for bathing, showering, gardening, residence time, indoor
versus outdoor time, swimming, occupational tenure, and
population mobility. Recommendations for each of these
are discussed below.
14.4.1, Recommendations for Activity Patterns
Following are recommendations for selected
activities known to increase an individual's exposure to
certain chemicals. These activities are time spent indoors
versus outdoors and gardening, bathing and showering,
swimming, residential time spent indoors and outdoors,
and traveling inside a vehicle,
Time Spent Indoors Versus Outdoors and
Gardening - Assessors often require knowledge of time
individuals spend indoors versus outdoors. Ideally, this
issue would be addressed on a site-specific basis since the
times are likely to vary considerably depending on the
climate, residential setting (i.e., rural versus urban),
personal traits (i.e., age, health) and personal habits. The
following general recommendation is offered in lieu of
site-specific information. The key study by Robinson and
Thomas (1991) compares the time use values derived in
the CARB and National Studies; data are presented only
for persons 12 years and older. The time use values did
not differ significantly between the two studies and were
averaged to provide the following recommended values.
These values are applicable to individuals 12 years and
older. Approximately 21 hrs/day are spent indoors; 1.5
hrs/day are spent outdoors, and 1.5 hrs/day are spent in a
vehicle.
Activities can vary significantly with differences in
age. Special attention should be given to the activities of
populations under the age of 12 years. Timmer et al.
(1985) presented data on time spent in various activities
for boys and girls ages 3-11 years. The study focused on
activities performed indoors such as household work,
personal care, eating, sleeping, school, studying, attending
church, watching television, and engaging in household
conversations. The average times spent in each indoor
activity (and half the times spent in each activity which
could have occurred indoors or outdoors) were summed.
This procedure resulted in the following
recommendations:
• Indoor activities accounted for about 78 percent
of the total time in weekdays and 70 percent total
time in weekend days. The corresponding times
spent indoors are 19 hrs/day for weekdays and
17 hrs/day on weekends.
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• Outdoor activities accounted for about 22 percent
of children's time during weekdays and 30
percent during the weekend. The corresponding
times spent outdoors are 5 hrs/day for weekdays
and 7 hrs/day on weekends.
Assessors evaluating soil exposures are commonly
interested in data on gardening times and frequencies. No
data specific to rime spent gardening could be found; thus,
no firm recommendation could be made. However, two
sets of data were found which indirectly relate to this issue
which the assessor can consider in deriving time estimates
for gardening:
• Robinson and Thomas (1991) estimated the time
spent in "other outdoor activities" (Table 14-8)
as 1 hr/day. These data apply to populations 12
years and older.
• Hill (1985) estimated that time spent in "house
work and/or yard work" (Table 14-144) as 2
hr/day. These data apply to adult populations.
U.S. EPA's Dermal Exposure Assessment
Document (1992) recommends, on the basis of judgement,
an event frequency for the adult gardener, working
outside: 1 to 2 events/week during warmer months or
about 40 events/year.
Baths and Showers - In the NHAPS study, 649
(~7 percent) of the total participants indicated either
taking or giving at least ore bath in a day. Those 649
respondents were subsequently asked the number of times
they took or pve a bath in one day. The majority, 459 of
649 respondents, recorded taking or giving one bath in a
day. These results are presented in Table 14-22. The
recommended bathing duration is 20 minutes. This is a
50th percentile value based on the NHAPS distribution
shown on Table 14-24; the reported 90th percentile value
is 45 minutes.
The recommended shower frequency of one shower
per day is based on the NHAPS data summarized in Table
14-19. This table showed that 3,594 of the 9,386 total
participants indicated taking at least one shower the
previous day. When asked the number of actual showers
taken the previous day, the reported results ranged from
one to ten showers; a majority (76 percent), of those
3,549 responsents, reported taking one shower the
previous day. The NHAPS data shown on Table 14-19,
Table 14-22, and Table 14-24 provide information
grouped according to gender, age, race, employment.
education, day of the week, seasonal conditions, and
health conditioas such as asthma, angina, and
bronchitis/emphysema.
Recommendations for showering duration are based
on the key study conducted by James and Knuiman
(1987). Although the study pertains to showering
activities of the Australian population, it is assumed that
bathing activities are similar in the U.S. population. The
recommended average showering time is 8 minutes per
day and 12 minutes per day is the reported 90th percentile
value. A complete set of percentiles are listed in Table
14-18 and recommended for deriving distributions of
showering time.
Swimming - Data for swimming frequency is taken
from the NHAPS Study (Tsang ad Klepeis, 1996). Of
9,386 participants, 653 (about 7 percent), answered yes to
the question "in the past month, did you swim in a
freshwater pool?". The results to this question are
summarized in Table 14-63. The recorded number of
times respondents swam in the past month ranged from 1
to 60 with the greatest number of respondents, 147 (23
percent), reporting they swam one time per month. Thus,
the recommended swimming frequency is one event/
month for the general population. The recommended
swimming duration, 60 minutes per swimming event, is
based on the NHAPS distribution shown on Table 14-65.
Sixty minutes is based on the 50th percentile value and the
90th percentile value is 180 minutes per swimming event.
In addition, users can obtain frequency and duration
data grouped according to gender, age, race, employment,
education, day of the week, and season. Frequency and
duration data is also available in Table 14-63 and Table
14-65, for swimmer respondents reporting health
conditions such as asthma, angina, and bronchitis/
emphysema.
Residential Time Spent Indoors and Outdoors -
The recommendations for time spent indoors at one's
residence is 16.4 hours/day. This is based on the NHAPS
data summarized in Table 14-129 which records the 50th
percentile value of 985.0 minutes per day (16.4
hours/day) and 90th percentile value of 1,395 minutes per
day (23.3 hours/day).
The recommended value for time spent outdoors at
one's residence is 2 hours per day based on Table 14-100
(generated by the NHAPS data). Values of 105 minutes
per day for the 50th percentile and 362 minutes per day
for the 90th percentile are shown in Table 14-100.
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Traveling Inside a Vehicle - The recommendation
for time spent in a vehicle is 1 hour and 20 minutes per
day. This recommendation is based on two studies and
(1) Robinson and Thomas (1991) and (2) The NHAPS
data. The Robinson and Thomas study evaluated two
independent studies, the CARB and the National Study.
They respectively reported mean durations for time spent
in a vehicle as 98 and 87 minutes per day which averages
to 92 minutes per day or about 1,5 hours per day. The
NHAPS data, as summarized on Table 14-131, provide a
50th percentile value of 70 minutes per day (or 1 hour and
14.4.3. Recommendations: Population Mobility
There are three key studies from which the
population mobility recommendations were derived:
Israeli and Nelson (1992), U.S. Bureau of the Census
(1993) - and Johnson and Capel (1992). Each study used
a unique approach to estimate the length of time a person
resides in a household. The respective approaches were
to (1) average current and total residence time; (2) model
current residence time; and (3) determine the residential
occupancy period. Below is a summary of the approaches
used and values recommended by each of these studies.
Study
Israeli and Nelson, 1992
US Bureau of the Census, 1993
Johnson and Capel, 1992
Value
4.6 yr (averge)
1/6 a person's lifetime
(70 yr) = 11,7 (modeled)
9 yr (50th percentile)
33 yr (90th percentile)
26 yr (90th percentile)
33 yr (95th percentile)
47 yr (99th percentile)
12 yr (mean)
Method
Average of current and total
residence times
Current residence time
Residential occupancy period
10 minutes) and a 90th percentile value of 190 minutes per
day. Thus, the averaged value from these two studies is
about 1 hour and 20 minutes. NHAPS data is grouped
according to gender, race, age, employment status, census
region, day of the week, season, and health condition of
respondents.
14.4.2. Recommendations: Occupational Mobility
The median occupational tenure of the working
population (109.1 million people) ages 16 years of age and
older in January 1987 was 6.6 years (Carey, 1988). Since
the occupational tenure varies significantly according to
age it is recommended to use the age dependent values
presented in Carey's 1988 study (Table 14-149). When
age cannot be determined, it is recommended to use the
median tenure value of 6.6 years for working men and
women 16 years and older. For persons 70 years and
older, a tenure value of 21.9 years is recommended for a
working lifetime. A value of 30.5 years and 18.8 years is
recommended for men and women, respectively. Pan-
time employment, race and the position held are important
to consider in determining occupational tenure. The
ratings indicating confidence in the occupational mobility
recommendations are presented in Table 14-164.
The three studies provide residence time estimates
that are very similar to the 9 year (50th percentile) and 30
year (95th percentile). Tables 14-154 and 14-155 show
residence rimes for different types of residences and are
recommended where assessors are interested in specific
types of residences. The ratings indicating confidence in
the population mobility recommendations is presented in
Table 14-165.
14.4.4. Summary of Recommended Activity Factors
Table 14-166 includes a summation of the
recommended activity pattern factors presented in this
section and the studies which provided data on the specific
activities. The type of activities include indoor activities,
outdoor activities, time inside a vehicle, taking a bath or
shower, swimming, working at a specific occupation, and
residing in a particular location.
14.5. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 1
AIHC. (1994) Exposure factors sourcebook.
Washington, DC. American Industrial Health
Council,
Page
14-16
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
California Air Resources Board (CARS). (1991)
California Environmental Protection Agency, Air
Resources Board Research Division.
Carey, M. (1988) Occupational tenure in 1987: Many
workers have remained in their fields. Monthly
Labor Review. October 1988. 3-12.
Carey, M. (1990) Occupational tenure, employer
tenure, and occupational mobility. Occupational
Outlook Quarterly. Summer 1990: 55-60.
Hill, M.S. (1985) Patterns of time use. In: Juster,
F.T.; Stafford, P.P., eds. Time, goods, and
well-being. Ann Arbor, MI: University of
Michigan, Survey Research Center, Institute for
Social Research, pp. 133-166.
Israeli, M; Nelson, C.B. (1992) Distribution and
expected time of residence for U.S. households.
Risk Anal. 12(l):65-72.
James, I.R.; Knuiman, M.W. (1987) An application of
Bayes methodology to the analysis of diary records
from a water use study. J. Am. Sta. Assoc.
82(399):705-711.
Johnson, T. and Capel, J. (1992) A monte carlo
approach to simulating residential occupancy periods
and its application to the general U.S. population.
Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality and
Standards.
Juster, EX.; Hill, M.S.; Stafford, P.P.; Parsons, J.E.
(1983) Study description. 1975-1981 time use
longitudinal panel study. Ann Arbor, MI: The
University of Michigan, Survey Research Center,
Institute for Social Research.
Juster, F.T. (1985) A note on recent changes in time
use. In: Juster, F.T.; Stafford, P.P.; eds. Time,
goods, and well-being. Ann Arbor, MI: University
of Michigan, Survey Research Center, Institute for
Social Research, pp. 313-330.
Lehman, H.J. (1994) Homeowners relocating at faster
pace. Virginia Homes Newspaper, Saturday, June
15, P. El.
National Association of Realtors (NAR). (1993) The
homebuying and selling process: 1993. The Real
Estate Business Series. Washington, DC: NAR.
Robinson, J.P. (1977) Changes in Americans' use of
time: 1965-1975. A progress report. Cleveland,
OH: Cleveland State University, Communication
Research Center.
Robinson, J.P; Thomas, J. (1991) Time spent in
activities, locations, and microenvironments: a
California-National Comparison Project report. Las
Vegas, NV: U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory.
Sell, J. (1989) The use of children's activity patterns in
the development of a strategy for soil sampling in
West Central Phoenix. The Arizona Department of
Environmental Quality, Phoenix. Arizona.
Sexton, K; Ryan, P.B. (1987) Assessment of human
exposure to air pollution: methods, measurements,
and models. In: Watson, A.; Bates, R.R.;
Kennedy, D., eds. Air pollution, the automobile
and public health: research opportunities for
quantifying risk. Washington, DC: National
Academy of Sciences Press.
Spencer, G. (1989) Projections of the populations of
the United States by age, sex, and race: 1988 to
2080. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Series, P-25,
No. 1018.
Tarshis, B. (1981) The "Average American" book.
New York, NY: New American Library, p. 191.
Timmer, S.G.; Eccles, J.; O'Brien, K. (1985) How
children use time. In: Juster, F.T.; Stafford, F.P.;
eds. Time, goods, and well-being. Arm Arbor. MI:
University of Michigan, Survey Research Center,
Institute for Social Research, pp. 353-380.
Tsang, A.M.;Klepeis, N.E. (1996) Results tables
from a detailed analysis of the National Human
Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) response. Draft
Report prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency by Lockheed Martin, Contract
No. 68-W6-001, Delivery Order No. 13.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1993) American Housing
Survey for the United States in 1991. Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1993) Geographical
mobility: March 1991 to March 1992. Current
population reports P. 20-473.
U.S. EPA. (1992) Dermal exposure assessment:
principles and applications. Washington, DC:
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
EPA No. 600/8-91-01 IB. Interim Report,
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-17
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-1. Time Use Table Locator Guide
I'creeniile
Average1.
Distribution
Averages
Avenges
Averages
Averages
Avenges
Averages
Distribution
Averages
Avenges
Distribution
Averages
Distribution
Averages
Distribution
Average
Avenges
Avenges
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Avenges
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
Distribution
llask
Activity
Activity
Activity
Activity
Microenvironment
Microenviroflment
MicroenviroBmeni
Activity
Activity
Activity by season
M icroenvironment
Microcnvironmenl
Microenvironmenl by
season
M icroenvironment near
pollutant
Bathing and swimming
Showering
Activity by employment
Occupational Tenure by
nee and gender
Occupational Tenure by
employment and gender
Occupational Tenure by
employment
Occupational Mobility
by age
Population Mobility by
locale
Residence Time by
region, setting
Residence Time by
region, setting
Residence Time by year
moved in
Residence Time by
years in current home
Residence Time by
gender
Residence Time by age
Residence Time by
years in previous house
Residence Time by
tenure in previous home
Relocation Distance
Population
Children 3-17 yrs
Children and Teens
Adults 18-64 yrs
Adults 18-64 yrs
Adults 18-64 yrs
Children and Adult
Children and Adults
Infants and Children
Infants and Children
Infants and Children
Infants and Children
Infant and Children
Infants and Children
Infant and Children
Adults
Adults
Adults
Teens and Adults
Teens and Adults
Teens and Adults
Teens and Adults
All ages
All ages
All ages
All ages
All ages
All ages
All ages
All ages
All ages
All azes
Armlication
National
National
National
Regiona!-CA
National/Regional-CA
Regional-California
National
Regional-California
Regional-California
Regional-California
Regional-California
Regional-California
Regional-California
Regional-California
Regional-National
Foreign-Australia
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
National
Studv
Timmcret al., 1985
Timmcretai., 1985
Robinson and Thomas, 1991
Robinson and Thomas, 1991
Robinson and Thomas, 1991
Robinson and Thomas, 1991
Robinson and Thomas, 1991
CARB, 1991
CARB, 1991
CARB, 1991
CARB. 1991
CARB, 1991
CARB, 1991
CARB, 1991
USEPA, 1992
Tsang and Klepeis. 1996
James and Knuiman, 1987
Tsang and Klepeis, 1996
Robinson, 1977
Carey, 1988
Carey, 1988
Carey, 1988
Carey, 1990
Census, 1993
Israeli and Nelson, 1992
Israeli and Nelson, 1992
Census, 1993
Census, 1993
Johnson and Capel, 1992
Johnson and Capet, 1992
NAR, 1993
NAR, 1993
NAR. 1993
Table
14-2
14-3
14-4
14-5
14-6
14-6 to 14-9
14-6 to 14-9
14-10
14-11
14-12
14-13
14-14
14-15
14-16
14-17
14-22, 14-63
14-18
14-24
14-19
14-29
14-30
14-31
14-32
Figure 14-1
14-33
14-34
14-35
14-36
14-37
14-38
14-39
14-40
14-41
Page
14-18
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-2, Mean Time'Spent
Activity
'Minutes) Performing Major Activities Grouped by Age. Sex and Type of Day
Age (3- 1 1 vears)
Duration of Time (mins/day)
Weekdays
Market Work
Household Work
Personal Care
Eating
Sleeping
School
Studying
Church
Visiting
Sports
Outdoors
Hobbies
Art Activities
Playing
TV
Reading
Household Conversations
Oilier Passive Leisure
NA'
Percent of Time Accounted for
bv Activities Above
Boys
(n=118)
16
17
43
81
584
252
14
7
16
25
10
3
4
137
117
9
10
9
22
94%
Girls
0
21
44
78
590
259
19
4
9
12
7
1
4
115
128
7
11
14
25
92%
Weekends
Boys
{n=!18>
7
32 .
42
78
625
-- -
4
53 •
23
33
30
3
4
177
181
12
14
16
20
93%
Girls
4
43
50
84
619
--
9
61
37
23
23
4
4
166
122
10
9
17
29
89%
ARC (12-17 vears)
Duration of Time (mins/day)
Weekdays
Boys
23
16
48
73
504
314
29
3
17
52
10
7
12
37
143
10
21
21
14
93%
Girls
21
40
71
65
478
342
37
7
25
37
10
4
6
13
108
13
30
14
17
92%
Weekends
Boys
58
46
35
58
550
-
25
40
46
65
36
4
11
35
187
12
24
43
10
88%
Girls
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-3
, Mean Time Spent in Major Activities Grouped by Type of Day for Five Different Age Groups
Time Duration (mins)
Aee ^vears*
Activities
Market Work
Personal Care
Household Work
Eating
Sleeping
Scb«>l
Studying
Clwrcii
Visking
Sports
Outdoor activities
Hobbies
An Activities
Olher Passive Leisure
Playing
TV
Reading
Being read to
NA
3-5
41
14
82
630
137
T
4
14
5
4
0
5
9
218
111
5
2
30
6-8
14
49
15
81
595
292
8
9
15
24
9
2
4
1
111
99
5
2
14
9-11
8
40
18
73
548
315
29
9
10
21
8
2
3
2
65
146
9
0
23
Weekday
12-14
14
56
27
69
473
344
33
9
21
40
7
4
3
6
31
142
10
0
25
Weekend
15-17
28
60
34
67
499
314
33
3
20
46
11
6
12
4
14
108
12
0
7
3-5
47
17
81
634
-
1
55
10
3
8
1
4
6
267
122
4
3
52
6-8
4
45
27
80
641
--
2
56
8
30
23
5
4
10
180
136
9
2
7
9-11
10
44
51
78
596
-
12
53
13
42
39
3
4
7
92
185
10
0
14
12-14
29
60
72
68
604
,.
15
32
22
51
25
S
7
10
35
169
10
0
4'
15-17
48
51
60
65
562
-
30
37
56
37
26
3
10
18
21
157
18
0
9
Significant
Effects'
A,S,AxS{F>M)
A,S, AxSM)
A
A
A
A
A (Weekend only)
A,S(M>F)
A
A,S(M>Fj
A.S, AxS(M>F)
A
A
A
* Effects arc significant for weekday.1; and weekends, unless otherwise specified A = age effect, P< 0.05, for both weekdays and
weekend activities; S = sex effect P<0.05, F > M, M > F - females spend more lime than males, or vice versa; and AxS *" age by
sex interaction, P<0,05.
Source- Timmcret al.. 1985
Page
14-20
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-4 Mean Time Spent in 10 Major Activity Cateogries Grouped by Tout Sample
and Gender for UK CARS and National Studies (Age 18-64 year;
Activity Category*
Activity
Codes"
CARB
(1987-88)
National
(1985)
Total Sample
Paid Work
Household Work
Child Care
Obtaining Goods and Services
Personal Needs and Care
Education and Training
Organizational Activities
Entertainment/Social 'Activities
Recreation
Communication
00-09
10-19
20-29
30-39
4049
50-59
6049
70-79
80-89
90-99
if = 1.359
273
102
23
61
642
22
12
60
43
202
n = 1,980
252
118
25
55
642
19
17
62
50
196
Time Duration imins/day!
CARB
(1987-88>
Men
n = 639
346
68
12
48
630
25
11
57
53
192
Women
n = 720
200
137
36
73
655
20
13
55
31
214
National
(19851
Men
n = 921
323
79
11
44
636
21
12
64
69
197
Women
n= 1,059
190
155
43
42
645
16
20
62
43
194
" Time use for components of activity categories and codes are shown in Appendix Table 14A-6.
* n is total diary days.
Source Robinson and Thomas. 1991
Table 14-5. Total Mean Time Spent at 3 Major Locations Grouped by Total Sample and Gender tor the CARB and
National Study (Ages 18-64 years)
Location*
Cods'
CARB
(1987*8)
National
(1985)
Total Sample
At Home
Away From Home
Travel
Not Ascertained
Total Time
WC01-13
WC21-40
WCSI-61
WC99
n* = 1359
892
430
116
2
1440
if = 1980
954
384
94
8
1440
CARB
(1987-88)
Men
tf*=39
822
487
130
I
1440
Women
n" =720
963
371
102
4
1440
National
(1985!
Men
if = 921
886
445
101
8
1440
Women
n' = 1059
1022
324
87 "
7
1440
•* Time use dam for the 44 components of location and location codes are presented in Appendix Table 14A-7.
' n is total diary days.
Source: Robinson and Thomas, 1991.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-21
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Tabitf Ji-6 Mein Time Spent as Three Locations icr txxb CARS and
Saiionil Studio lAjet 12 yearsjwj Qhkn
Location Caieeor>
Inkn
QsKSotw
In-Vchcle
Toul Time Spent
CARB
in « 1762*
1233-
to-
?£
1440
Mftjti duration tfnMaMiJ* '
National
S.E • in « i'6!<*
28 UTO
5 74"
4 e
1440
S.E
II
4
2
S.i •" Saatiardl Efw fif MOB
Vrci third Number • Njtnrut urnpfe popuUiwn wat wvi^cij 10 obuin • niwcf 46.S mile* and JJ.3
tcirym m cqui! p*oponem tar c«3j &v BJ the week, ind lor otrn quarter 01 tfce *CJK
Dsftcfcrxt twTwwn the mcin valuci lor ihe C^^B and ruiioru) itudm ti MX KicuiKxllv tif nu'caw
Dtftrrttxe brMun the mean vaiuci tor tfw CARU and muoml sules o aaituicjll) jipinkjm « fix 0 05
Source RobutBon «nl Thotnai 1991
J4 ? Me*a Tim« Spmi
Grouped !*> Taul
mi roBi
wid Gender (12 yean and ovtrimtbeNtrHXiti«id CARB D*u
Hawaii DIM
MOD Dunnon filandird errorl*
Microenvuonmeni
AuiopUK*
ReniuilKftmr
In-vitele
In-Vchick/other
niyuoVnudoon
FliyiiccI/icdDon
Wort/jnxJy mxkrct
WoffaiOKlr-oiheT
Cootet
Oftor Knwliei*iB*tn
Ctam'cliild
Sbop/Rnal
OttcT/ouuloari
Soooiliunl
flemltnlmn
N- 1284»
22(2)
»2(3)
1(1)
24(3)
11(1)
17(2)
221 (10)
14(1)
54 O)
88(3)
23(2)
70(4)
71(4)
235(1)
491 (14)
•Doe"
90
73
99
166
139
84
133
429
33
69
89
36
131
11*
241
20(2)
B2(3)
1(0)
11 (2)
6(1)
15(2)
142 C7>
52(2)
90(4)
153 (3)
38(2)
43(4)
7J(4)
213(71
•Dow"
Women
3S
79
94
69
101
57
190
3S4
67
102
194
74
97
HO
224
491
N • 276?
Toul
3(0)
11(1)
87(2)
1(0!
»(2i
8(1)
16(1)
179(6)
34(1)
•mis
12393)
31(1)
56(4)
7J(3)
11401
494(91
•Doer'
Toul
«6
77
97
91
135
74
M:
390
37
18
124
67
120
111
232
495
CARBD.U
Mom Dunscm IsuDdilti ttror)'
Mtcfomvirowies
Aoopkco
Rc«r-nIK/b«r
la.>Tbck
to-VtfacWoiCT
rbyxkal/ouiloon
rtnut^/ixkion
Wort/tuidj roidmce
Worfit^-tKblT
Cookxic
Qaeri«a«w«flciKlirti
Cboras/ddkl
Shoewnni
OrfiT/ooaicoci
Soc/oakunl
LB-n^/imtoon,
* Sawkni error of the OOB
* WgytamJ rurobcr
Souror IWxRtoa and Tbociu.
Page
W-22
N -I67>
Men
31 («
43(4)
109(7)
4(1)
WO)
8(1)
M <3)
213 O4>
11(1)
38(3)
66(4)
21(3)
95(9)
47(4)
223(10)
•Doer"
142
106
119
79
131
63
126
398
43
63
75
61
193
111
240
499
N " 195-
Women
9{2)
28(3)
15(4)
3(2)
8(1)
5(!>
11 O)
156(11)
42(2)
00(4)
134(6)
41(3)
«(4)
59(3)
251(10)
504 (IS)
wS
50
86
100
' 106
86
70
120
313
65
82
148
71
12
114
263
506
N » 1742*
Tool
20(4)
24(3)
95(4)
3(1)
17(2)
7(1)
13(2)
184(9)
17(1)
49(2)
100(4)
31(2)
690)
53(3)
237(7)
498 (12)
•Doer'
Toul
in
102
111
94
107
68
131
450
55
74
109
70
117
112
250
501
i
ji^Njiiul pttnjciptti&g in etch tsuviiy/JoQitioQ tpcd m mcraoEmroiKDCiiis,
1991.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors ^jf
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors vj^ LJ
Table 14-8 Mean Time Sprri (mire^day) t" VaniHjs Mwisetm
Weekday
MicroenviroraHeni
1 Auinplaces
2 Resiaurara'Bar
3 In-Vebiele/lraema! Combustion
4 In-Veliicle/Otlier
5 PhysicalKhitdoors
6 Physical/Indoors
7 Work/SiiKiy-Resideree
8 Work/Smdy-Other
9 Cooking
10 Other Activiries/Ktehen
11 Chores/Child
nShop/Errand
UOilKt/OutdHon
14 Sotiil/Cullural
15 Leisure Eat/Indoors
16 Sleep/Indoors
Wetktttd
Micraenviromien
1 Auwpbces
2 Restaurant/Bar
3 Iti'Vehicle/lrscrnal Corobasiion
4 In- Vehicle/Other
5 Physical/Outdoors
6 Physical/Indoors
7 Work/Siudy-Residenre
8 Work/Study-Other
9 Cooking
10 Other Activities/Kitchen
11 Chans/Child
12 Shop/Errand
13 Otto/Outdoors
14 Social/Cultural
15 Uisure-Em/indoOT
16 Slew/Indoors
(Sample Pupuiaimn A,
mrtncres by Type «f Day Ni
fe* 12 years and Older)
Mean Duration (Sbndard error)'
CARB
(n=12»P
21 (5)
29(3)
90(5)
3(1)
M(2)
7(1)
14(2)
228(11)
27(2)
51(3)
99(5)
30(2)
67(6)
42(3)
230(9)
490(14)
NAT
-------
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Mw_m<_
A|c!241*«r* A|c M^csr
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Artifice* 2(h B ?{2s
M^MiufiM'Sir 9 (3> 60 UK (3}
l*«!w.k.n«mil » fl$ M J0] |*s
I»tc3xKk ufcr OWJ 12 I (!)
Ptywcit.tWiirttt 32 (*) 130 17 <4)
ttjMtifc»N**.fs 15 (3> If? *f3J
UurL'tiuJy 12 (4) 92 19 <6)
rtix&ce
Wivfc/Miaty rtter 1S9 (14) 3M 307 (20}
Ci***t 1M3J 40 !HC)
OAcr 53(4} 64 42(3)
].• o 20(4) 61 5(2)
WcMmdyinOmc 25(3) 7ft M(ll)
Wi«t;uu}}« id) n 14(2)
Hut 11(4) 51 11(5!
Mlivmc^lflvN
CltnWOiW 72(11) 77 79 (HI
Skr/mull 14(3) 50 35(7)
Oc)cf?a«*x*i 52(11 78 80(15)
ScxtH'cdwU <3(N) 109 65(10)
Imn-cnfMmt 260G7) 270 211 (in
Skcuriifan 557 144) 560 506(30!
1 Sunkrdciwv
Same X<* *!« Cm»p 1
Nniial mu
MclR lXmu«i(!iuckUnl l:rwr>*
i Aft 24-44 yein
•D«f K-J40 *lk«f
117 2(1) 4J
70 25 (1) »
109 94 (4) MM
1M 1(01 SO
1 10 19 14) IW
» 7 SB.
CAKUlMU
Mnn IXjf«[K«l (.Sunlinl limn
Alt 24.4J fan
*t>«I* N-749 "I3o«*
71 23(9) 114
98 44(5) 116
122 S»(5) 111
M) SO 14]
M 17 (3! 128
77 60) 61
161 7 (2) 137
>« 315(14) 4111
40 1! 12) »
J5 41(3) 65
85 110(6) 119
71 33(4) 71
IU 61(8) 127
110 50(5) 122;
234 20! (9) 215
JIO 4«7«}-<
Aft45-*t)ein Afe 65 * }car*
N.Mli -Oner' V-J41I "IVicf
4(1! 73 4121 57
19 C) 67 ai(5) 71
82(5) 91 6213) Kl
1(1) 191 1(11 m
7(1) 79 13(4) 81
7(2) 77 7(11 51
9 (2! 169 5 (1) 297
IKKI3) 429 JSIH 141
43(3) 64 50(5* 65
90(61 101 108(9) 119
121 (« 122 119(7) 12)
33(3) 67 35(5) W
60(7) 118 12(11) 140
73(6) lie 83(1!) i::
I3«(ll) 244 »1(3» HI
•)'
Af « 45-54 5«irf A|C 65 * )«t»
N-406 'Ducf N-I5H •Ducr'
20(5) 94 9O> $1
31(4) 82 25(7) »
1UO (11) 117 83 {*) 89
3I1» » 2(1) 53
14 U) 123 13(4) IIM
5(1) 77 3(1) 48
10(3) 139 5(1) 195
13(20) 429 30(11) 3»
11 0! W 41(7) 69
62(6) «1 97(14) 119
99(8} 109 123(13} Hi
JIO) 77 33(5) 76
76(12) »4 55 (7) 101
50(5} 107 49(7) 114
248(11) Jil 386(34) 394
485(23) 491 505(31) 902
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III
Chapter 14
Activity Caicg o
Wet*. related*
HwmNofd
Chilean
OflodtfScrrkM
Nf»mf N««i«
Rdut«li.m'
OirwiuM
En! c ni in$Socii
totcmi*.
CtMMKtfHr
- /4cft"vify Factors
- Activity Factors
Tibh 14-10 Mu>
Aetravy c«ii
Mt«n Pmcw
ry IXinuan DtMnf
10 JJ
SI <6
< I < 1
31 26
.ndC.r,' 794 100
tin )*
AtlMta 4 4
15 17
239 92
/P..UV, uim m «3
Don'l know/Net coded 2 4
All AtiMliei'
lnc[iidci««lifif
"poert" indic*i
Fertcnal tmrt |r
1441
•1 Kbool if daycili. In •ctivfcy no* pcoupcd und
KB
41
ofei 50-59. 5491,
Mc4un Mi«fwm
D«raiion DUTMMMI
fee Oo«t fet £>ocn
fmiM) (Rvnit
30 405
40 M?
JO 590
«0 4M
770 1440
MS 790
105 435
60 490
340 IIS
110 01
15 600
Dtti'tkd Adhrity with
Hifhctt A*i Ma*S*<
{cndel
Eaiinf tt w«ixli
Attend mtciinf* (60)
Vi«iiBj wilh dheci C?5)
GBIW* (»1)
TV «M («»
-
Education includct oudti« *od «h*r cluMt, bofncworfc, libmy, tnvt) for t4u*wkm.
Tlbbl4.il.
ime ChiWt«n SprM in 10 M.JOT Adi»i«y CMrjooa
Gmipal tif Afa ad Gender
Mnui Dur»i«m (mira)
Adivity
CMcgoty
0-2 yra 3-5 vr«
Woik-rehted
Hen»hold
CW5&i«re
Goodi/Setvicet
Penonil Needi ud Cue*
EducMim'
OfgaoizjMioiul Activities
Emertainmcnl/Socicl
Rect»«ii
-------
fc^ Volume III - Activity Factors
vJ^*cJ Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T«bte 14.12.
Mean Tone Children Spent m 10 Major Activity Cairf orres
Grouped by Seasons and Regions
Mono Duration (nuns)
Activity Catefory
W«k.rdslrf
HtMKhoU
Clukklrr
GoodUServKci
Personal Needs *nd Care*
mxa^f
Off imiational Activities
Entetlunrrxnl/Socul
Recreation
Leisure
Don't Itnow/Not coded
All Activities'
Simple SUM
Wider
(Jin-Mil)
10
47
<1
19
799
124
3
14
221
203
<1
1442
318
SJITBIJ
(Apr-June)
10
58
1
17
774
137
5
12
243
180
2
1*39
204
Sc«*,
Summer
Ouly-Serl)
6
53
<1
26
815
49
S
12
282
189
3
1441
407
Fall
(OcI-Dec)
13
52
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Tibk 14-14. MOB Tim Children Spctt In Sit Ltxura* Cwforin Qxnpd bj Ap M< Owfcr
1
Mua Ttemrae (:
mm.)
Boyt Oirll
Location Category
Her™
Sehool/Osililcm
Fmrf-lrtJIte-.H..!,
Sum*. Rituuraau. Sfcoppiaf Warn
In.traiuil
fther IxKiliwtf
Drart Km*M>t CoM
0-1 in
1.157
M
ft?
11
14
54
<1
Mw
1,134
tl
TJ
15
62
SI
irf*
1,011 %> 1.061
111 149 III
IJ1 102 XI
H a* u
SJ 9J »
II 102 11
318
1,440 1.439 1,439 1,439 1,440 1,440 1.439
407 271 1.200 224 2W 713 1.200
1 The column toulj m«y nx HOB to 1,440 <)o« to ramimj error.
Source: CARS. 1991.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-27
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
TiMe 14-16. Mem Time Children Spat in Prowmiljr to Tta* Polralkl Esporarti Grouped by All Reipondrau, Age. «nd Ckndei
Mem Duntiou fauna.)
FttftrtuJ Ejpofure* ^
ChiUrm
Totwcco Smoke 77
Gturime Fumes 2
OuOvcnFunxi 11
(Uinxithlal N"») 1,166*
0-2
yn
IIS
2
10
168
3-Syn
75
I
IS
14S
Boyt
6-Syn
66
1
12
144
Cirb
All
W 1 yn Boyi
66 82
4 2
11 12
150 610
0-2 yn 3'S yn
77 68
1 1
12 10
140 147
6-8 yn
71
3
10
1Z2
9-11 yn
74
1
7
147
All
Cirb
73
t
10
556
' Respondent! with mi*sinf> data were occluded.
Source' CARS. 1991.
Table 14-17, Range of Recommended Defaults for Dermal Exposure Fictots
W«er Conaa
Central Upper
Event time and
frequent/
Eipnwre
duration
10 miR/event
1 event/day
3SOdavs/yr
9 years
IS min/event
1 event/day
350d»ys/yr
30 years
Centra! Upper
0.5 hr/evenl
1 event/day
5aays/yr
9 years
l.Qhf /event
1 event/day
I50d»ys/yr
30 yean
Soil Comet
Central Upper
40events/yr 3SOeve«S/yr
9 yean 30ye»re
' Bjlhlng event tfrae U presented lobe representative of baths as well as showers.
Source: U.S. EPA 1992.
24-28
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III- Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-18. Cumulative Frequency Distribution of Average
Shower Duration for 2,500 Households
Shower duration
(minutes)
1-
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1)
12
13
1*
15
16
1?
18
19
20
Cumulative frequency
(pereemafe)
0.2
0.8
3.2
9.8
22.6
38.2
. 52.6
63.8
73.4
81.0
86.2
90.2
92.4
94.2
95.6
96.8
97.6
98.6
99.4
100.0
Source: lames and Knuiman, 1987.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-29
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T«bl« 14-19. Fr*qu*ncy of T»klng • Shower In Ont 0«y
* OF TIMES RES TOOK SHOWER
2 3 4 5 »
10 0» 8S80K
RESP- RESP- RESI>- «$P- WSP- KESP- RESP- RESP" RESP- JESP-
AU. WO. ONO. 0«B. OW, 0*0. UNO. OM>. OMB. OHO. ON8.
OVERALL
1:NAII
2;fEMALE
«««H. »«• ..
1:1-4
1=12117
4:1S-«
5:> 64
1: WHITE
2:IUOC
3:A5iAN
4 ISO* OTKfK
S:H!SPAMIC
9j«F
0;NO
1ilES
8:OK
91REF
— EMPLOTMENT
iffuu. TIME
2:PART TINE
3: MOT EMPLOYED
OjB£f
— HHKATIOK
1:< MICH SCHOOL
§:KICH SCHOOL CHAD
:< cikiECC
4:COUEGE CMC.
5:POST CHAD.
— CENSUS UCIW --
ItNORTHCAST
2:MIO«ST
3: SOUTH
t:UEST
— OAT OF VEEK —
I:IKE«DAT
2:UEEUW
1:UIHTER
2:SPXINB
3:SIMCR
t:FW.L
OiHO
t:»ES
8:Dt
0:HQ
1:«S
-- UOIOI/EMPHYS --
0:110
1:fES
B:DC
N
3594
1720
1B72
»
uo
2?0
2650
429
2911
*%
65
162
i
43V
1838
328
M7
22
515
z«r
1042
m
392
^2S
'»
2481
1113
«1
889
1001
?«
3312
11
3481
91
22
3419
15*
21
II
2
2
i
2
2
1
1
i
2
2
2
1
2
V
2W
125'5
1486
46
30
m
1!lf
2323
199
49
40
1
»SJ
13
23
,f
ii
382
?*i
189
434
313
622
621
893
611
1t89
858
606
2543
'SI
1
2620
112
15
N
802
4S6
366
17
2!
65
636
49
US
14
23
56
711
81
i
"?
121
i
IS
334
141
563
23?
%
m
730
67
786
12
758
3I
M,
30
29
•1
1
2
1
1
1
1?
9
7
14
17
13
?
10
25
29
27
H
1
1
?
i
i
1
i
I
i
•
i
i
i
1
N
1
i
\
1
i
!
1
i
1
1
i
i
i
N
1
i
5
i
i
i
?
\
1
i
i
i
i
it
1
i
i
i
!
i
i
1
i
1
i
i
i
N
4
1
|
4
4
i
2
1
1
i
4
1
2
4
4
4
11
5
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
1
1
1
3
1
3
i
4
1
!
1
4
i
4
i
4
i
NOTE: . » N1SSIMC DAT*; DK - BOUT KNOW; X « «OU PHttHTAGt; II » MMM.E SI2E
Source: Tung «nd KliptU, 1996.
Page
14-30
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T*bl* U-20. t*nflt of th» Mabtr ef NirutM «*m in «« HioMr After Hwwrini
OVERALL
1:MALE
2: FEMALE
9:REF
1:1-4
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
1IUHITE
2:*LACK
3SASIAN
5:HISPANIC
9:IEF
0:KO
1:TES
8:DK
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
' Is FULL TIKE
2:PART TINE
3:NOT EHPLOtED
9iREF
ESUCATION
i:< NIGH SCHOOL
2:NIOH SCHOOL 68*0
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GSAO.
5:COST «AD.
-- CENSUS UGION "
ISNDXTHEAST
2:MIOUEST
3 i SOUTH
4IUEST
— OA» Or UEEK —
1: WEEK) AT
2:UEEKEND
UUINTEI
2:SMIHG
3
-------
Ubl« 14-11. Diitrlbutien for Iht Kuttxr of Nirnnt* Sptnt In tin ttimtr Afttr showering
PERCENT UES
GROUP KANE
OVERALL
CENOEI
CfWEI
AGE
ME
MX
A6£
AGE
MCE
MCE
MCE
MCE
MCE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EHN.OYKNT
EMPLOWENT
EWIOTKNT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
DUCAT ION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
OAT OF MEEK
DAT Of MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHM
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
IMMOI/EMFWrS
IRONCH/ENPNH
GROUP CODE
1:KAlf
2:FEMALE
lit-*
2sS-11
3:12-17
4:18-«
5:> 64
llUHUE
2:BUCl
3:AS1AN
4:SOHE OTNEIS
SiHlSPANlC
9:110
1:»ES
1:FW.L TINE
2:PART TIME
SiNOT ENPLOTED
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:NI8H SCNOOL WAD
J:< COLLEGE
4:COUEGE GMD.
StPOST GttAO.
1:»0*TK£AST
2:MIDUEST
3: SOUTH
4:UESt
1;KEO>AT
2:MEEKEM)
liUHTER
2:SP«1N6
SiOJKHUt
4: FALL
Osiio
1:TES
0:HO
1lTE$
OEM
1:«S
N
3535
1698
1833
41
137
269
2619
409
2S72
341
64
62
tS6
1221
269
1818
323
938
283
1025
761
S73
387
B22
737
1220
754
2438
1095
930
876
9n
749
3260
259
3429
B8
3366
152
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
{
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 25
3.0
3.0
3.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
z.o
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
SO
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
S.O
S.O
S.O
S.O
i.O
5.0
S.O
5.0
S.O
S.O
S.O
S.O
S.O
S.O
S.O
5.0
S.O
S.O
5.0
S.O
S.O
S.O
5.0
8.5
5.0
5.0
7?
10
10
12
10
to
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
to
15
10
10
10
10
10
to
10
10
10
to
to
10
10
10
10
13
10
15
10
10
90
20
15
20
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
15
30
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
9S
30
20
30
20
20
10
30
30
30
25
20
35
25
30
25
30
30
30
- 30
30
30
30
30
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
98
40
30
45
45
30
40
40
35
40
30
30
45
40
40
45
35
45
4S
4S
45
35
35
30
40
35
40
30
40
40
40
45
30
40
38
40
40
30
40
30
__99_
50
30
60
45
30
45
52
45
50
45
60
52
60
SO
60
SO
50
60
45
60
SO
45
45
SO
45
45
60
SO
SO
4S
60
SO
S3
50
45
SO
45
SO
45
too
61
61
61
45
60
61
61
60
61
60
60
$2
60
61
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
61
61
61
it
61
61
61
£1
45
61
60
WTEl . SIGNIFIES NlSSIMi BATA. A VALUE OF 61 FOR HUNK! OF NINUIES SIGNIFIES
ANSWERED BQNT KNOW . (EF • RESPONDENTS HE FUSED TO ANSIC*. N • ME« SAHHE SUE.
TO A GIVEN MJNK1 OF HINUttS.
tourcft Tiang and Ki«ptt(, 1996.
THAT M*E THAN 60 HtMITES MERE SPENT. Ot • (ESPONOEMTS
PERCEKTILES ARE THE PERCENTAGE OF BOERS IEIOU OR EQUAL
s
I
•t
KM
•4V
a a
I- 4-
!
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors ^f
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors \jZ-\-J
Table 14-
22. Frequency of Taking or Giving a Uth in * D»y
* OF BATK RES Took OR <•»¥»
OVERALL
1:HALE
2:FEMALE
4:18-64
5:> 64
1:UKITE
ZiBLACK
4:SONE OTHERS
5:HISPAK1C
9:REF
0:NO
IsYES
8:DK
9:REF
EMPLOYMENT
f
1:FULL TIME
Z:PMT TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION
r
1i< MICH SCKCCL
Z:HISN SCHOOL (WAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEfiE CRAB.
S:POST CMS.
— CENSUS RESIGN —
1:NORTHEAST
ZiHIBUEST
3: SOUTH
4.UEST
— DAY OF WEEK —
1:UEEKDAY
2:UEEKEND
___ MTACfUl mmmmm
1:U1NTER
Z: SPRING
3:SIMNER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
OsNO
1:YE$
8:DK
— MONCK/ENPHYS
0:NO
1:YES
8:DI!
ALL
649
159
490
9
491
149
487
106
12
12
26
6
600
40
6
3
1
Z83
76
28?
Z
4
96
235
163
102
49
137
151
25S
106
415
234
178
ISO
174
137
596
52
1
620
26
3
610
36
3
1
RESP-
OND.
4S9
117
342
8
322
129
364
68
5
7
10
S
430
21
S
3
1
183
56
217
Z
4
66
167
112
68
4Z
100
116
164
79
299
160
124
126
112
97
424
34
1
435
22
2
429
27
3
2
RESP-
OND.
144
33
111
1
127
16
92
29
S
4
13
1
127
16
1
76
17
J1
f
m
19
54
38
28
S
25
29
70
20
89
55
37
27
49
31
129
15
141
2
1
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7
3 4
RESP- RES?
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20
S
IS
20
13
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.
1
1
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1
,
t
12
1
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,
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9
4
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10
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9 4
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6 7 10 11 IS 88:DK
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2 1 1 1 I S
1 1 . . 1
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.
211122
1 3
1 . . 1 2 I
1 1 1 ...
1
• «»••*
• •«*..
.
2 1 1 1 3 S
• ••••-
• •*«••
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1 1 ... 2
1 . . 1 1
1 ...
1
1 . . 1 . Z
1 ...
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1
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1 1
1 2
1 ... 1
1 . 1 . Z 1
1 . . 1 . 1
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1
......
2 1 1 1 Z 4
1 1
.
NOTE: . * NISSIKS DATA; BK " DOHT OKU; % • ROM KCCENTASE;
Source: T*wg and Kttpel., 1996.
II » SWU SIZE
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-33
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
I»bl« 14-23.
of th« HtnutM Sp«nt T«kif« or fifving • Utk
OVEMLL
1:MALE
2:FEXALE
»«.*.•.<• JlfSC **»• •«•
*; 16-64
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B
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EDUCATION ----
m
\:< HIGH SCHOOL
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— CENSUS REGION —
1 {NORTHEAST
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— DA* or UEES —
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18
18
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4
150
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3
TO
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t)
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237
59
178
4
174
59
185
35
6
3
6
2
224
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107
26
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63
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62
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218
19
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218
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6
TO
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128
23
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1
111
16
97
19
3
5
3
1
120
6
2
1
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48
.
1
16
31
32
20
8
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.
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11
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25
2
26
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29
4
25
24
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19
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6
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23
6
11
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28
1
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1
26
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18
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36
7
29
31*
5
24
9
3
33
3
w
19
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9
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6
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14
7
33
35
1
35
1
61
TO
61
RES.
21
6
15
18
3
11
6
i
3
IB
3
a
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1
7
7
6
1
3
3
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4
11
10
4
6
7
17
4
21
21
MOTE: . SIGNIFIES MISSING DAT*. DC « RESPONDENTS WSUERED DON'T KNOW . REF - RESPONDENTS
REFUSED TO AHMER. N » OOEX SAMPLE SIZE IN SPECIFIED RAHSE OF NUMER Of MINUTES SPENT. A VALUE
Of 41 HM NUNKR Of MINUTES SIGNIFIES THAT NOME THAN 60 MINUTES MERE SMNT.
Soura: Turv wd Kt*p*i«, 1996-
Page
14-34
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
T«bl« 14-». Oiitrlbutlon for tht Hurixr of HinutH Spent Giving ind Taking •
lath
tMI> ,MME
Ktwu
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AGE
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Mr or WEEK
OAT or ME*
SEAtO*
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SKUP CODE
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10 1S.O
IS 20.0
15 20.0
10 1S.O
10 20.0
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is zr.s
10 20.0
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10 20.0
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10 }0.0
10 20.0
IS 20.0
12 20.0
10 20.0
IS 20.0
10 1S.O
10 1S.O
10 20.0
IS 20.0
11 20.0
15 20.0
10 20.0
10 20.0
10 20.0
10 20.0
15 20.0
12 20.0
IS 20.0
15 20.0
10 1S.O
10 20.0
15 20.0
IS
30.0
30.0
30.0
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10.0
40.0
2r.s
10.0
4S.O
JO.O
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
35.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
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30.0
30.0
35.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.
30.
30.
SO.
30,
30.
30.
30.
PERCENTIIES
W 95 W 99
*5
45
-------
1«bl» H-24. Distribution for th* Nuibtr of HliuUt Sp*nt In thi Iithroo* iMdlitily Afttr • Mth
GROUP NAME
OVERALL
GENDER
GENDER
ACE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
OAT OF MEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
IRONCN/EMPNTS
IRORCH/EMPHYS
GROUP CODE
11MALE
2:FEMALE
4t18-64
5:> 64
IsWHITE
2:11AOC
3:AS1AN
4:SOM£ OTHERS
SlNISPANIC
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5:PQST CRAB.
1:NORTKEAST
2:NIPUEST
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2-.SPH1HC
3:SUMMER
tsFAll
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1:TE!
0:KO
1:YES
0:RO
1:YES
DOTE: . {JWIF1E5 MISSING OUT*. A VALUE
KNOW . REF - RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSVER
N
624
153
471
484
133
46S
104
12
12
26
575
40
277
71
269
86
229
159
100
47
129
146
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103
398
226
175
152
165
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51
597
24
588
31
6F" 11V
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1 {
0 0
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KM IUHBEB
DOER SAMPLE
5
6
0
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2.0
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t.O
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2.0
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Of HIHUTIS SIGNIFIES THAT
SIZE. PERCENTItES ME THE
PERCENT HES
50 75 90 95
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
10 15.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 7.5
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 in n
lU.U
5 10.0
5 10.0
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5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 1(3.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10,0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
5 10.0
20.0 JO
12.0 20
20.0 30
15.0 25
30.0 35
18.0 30
20.0 30
10.0 20
25.0 25
20.0 30
22.5 25
15.0 20
15.0 25
25.0 35
30.0 35
15.0 30
15.0 30
19.0 25
15.0 20
20.0 30
15.0 25
20.0 30
20.0 20
18.0 30
20.0 30
20.0 30
20.0 30
15.0 20
15.0 20
20.0 30
15.0 30
20.0 30
15.0 30
20,0 30
30.0 40
98
45
30
45
40
55
45
40
20
61
40
61
35
58
61
40
45
30
30
30
50
45
30
40
45
58
40
30
45
45
30
45
55
45
45
HflSf THAU 40 MINUTES UEIE SPENT. PK
PERCENTAGE OF MERS IE LOU OR EQUAL
99
5S.O
35.0
60.0
50.0
60.0
58.0
45.0
20.0
Kn
.0
61.0
50.0
61.0
MA
• VI
40.0
60.0
61.0
45.0
60.0
37.5
30.0
30.0
60.0
55.0
45.0
50.0
60.0
61.0
45.0
45.0
55.0
58.0
45.0
S8.0
55.0
58.0
45.0
100
45
61
61
60
61
45
20
15
61
61
61
45
40
61
61
58
60
45
30
60
60
61
58
61
61
61
60
50
60
61
45
61
55
61
45
» RESHJWEKTS ANSWCTETS WT
TO A GIVEN NUMBER Of MINUTES.
Snuret: Ttw md KltptU, 1996.
&
i
?
:.
a
I
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table U-2S. tang* of «h* Nwb*r of N 64
IsUKITE
2: BLACK
4* SOME OTHERS
5:HISPWIC
9;tEF
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EDUCATION
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-- CENSUS REGION
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— MT OF 1SEK —
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159
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9
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149
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106
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12
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235
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160
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18
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319
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203
54
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158
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91
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NOTCl . SIGNIFIES HISSING OAT*. W • MtPOWEKTI ANMERES BONT OOU . KT • REtKMIUTl
REFUSED TO AHSUER. N • BOER SAMPLE SIZE IN SPECIFIED RANGE OF HUME* Of MIWfTES SPOT. A VALUE Of
61 FOR WKIEI OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES THAT MORE THAN 60 MINUTES MERE SPENT.
Sourc*: Tui« «nd Clip*l«, 1996.
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 14.37
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Ttbt* 14-27. Range of the Totil inter of M 64
1:UHITE
ZilLACK
3:ASIAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
SiHISPANIC
9:REF
HISPANIC
0:NO
1:tEI
8: OK
9:8EF
— EWLOTHENT -—
l:Flia TIME
2:PA(T TINE
3:WT EMPLOYES
9:REF
— EDUCATION
il< HIGH SCHOOL
ZlKIGK SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLIEGE GIAD.
StPOST GXAD.
— CENSUS REGION —
1:NORTMEAST
|:MIDWEST
3: SOUTH
4:UEST
— DAT OF MEEK —
ZiuEEKEND
1:WINTER
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-- MQifCH/EKPRrS --
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K
4290
1934
2355
86
198
2919
583
3452
453
78"
180
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692
1985
400
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32
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386
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927
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1 872 735
4 1031 841
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8
44
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1
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20
17
26
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11
62
f
58
67
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4
7
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11
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i
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24
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3
35
39
28
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11
65
66
i
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1
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i
3
3
3
1
2
1
1
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3
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8
7
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES NISIIHC DATA. PK • KSKNOENTS AXSVC8ED TXUCT MOV. HEf » ttSMmEIITI REFUSES TO AMSUH.
II - DOER SAMPLE SIZE III SPECIFIED RANGE OF NUMBER OF MINUTES SPENT. A VALUE OF -121' FM NUMIE* OF MINUTES
SIGNIFIES THAT MORE THAN 120 MINUTES ««E SPENT.
Sourc*: Tune md Ultptti. 1996.
Page
14-38
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
!«blt 14-28. BUtrfbutlon for the Tot.l Hunter of Hlnuttt Spent in the Shower or luthtub
CROUP NAMf aa» CODE i
OVERALL 4ZS2
tENDEft liWLE 1926
CCXDE* 2:FENALE 232S
AGE 1:1-4 198
AGE 2:5-11 263
AGE 3i12-17 239
AGE 4:18-44 2904
AGE Sl» 64 547
RACE 1: WHITE 342S
IKE 2IILAOC 446
RACE 3iASIAi 74
RACE 4>SOW OTHERS 78
t»C£ SifttSnUiie 17B
HISPANIC 0:«0 3861
HISPANIC tlTES 328
IWLOTMKT llFULL flHE 1974
IMPtOfMENT 2lM*T TINE 39S
rNPtOnOT )>Mt CWLOTEO 1161
EDUCATION 1l< HIGH SCHOOL 376
EDUCATION time* SCHOOL GRAO 1242
BUCATION 3l< COLLEGE 862
tBKATtOI 4ICOLIEK CHAD. SS4
EDUCATION 5:POST WAD. 449
CEIISUS REQ10N UMNHIEAST 920
CflSUS RE610N 2:MMIEST 947
CENSUS IEOION 3:SOU1H 1497
CENSUS IEGIOS 4;UESf 088
BAT OF WE* tlUEEOWT 2858
POT OF UEEK . 2ttKEKEND 1394
SSWOS tttflNTEi It16
SEASM ZtSMIim 1130
SEASON 3:SUMR 1154
SEASON 4iMU 852
•STNRA Dim 3911
ASTHNA 1:TES 325
AHIU OiM 4117
ANSINA llTES lit
IRONCN/ENPIITf OiNO 402S
MQNGN/INPKfl ItTES 205
1
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i to ts.
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to is.
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to ts.
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10 15.
10 IS.
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10 IS.
to ts.
to 10.
10 IS.
to is.
to is.
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to ts.
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8 tO.
10 15.
10 IS.
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to ts.
to is.
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to ts.
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10 15.1
10 IS.i
10 15.1
10 15.C
KKENHLES
0 75 90 9S 98 99 100
I 20 30 IS MM 121
9 20 30 30 60 60 121
1 20 30 40 60 75 121
1 30 45 60 120 120 120
9 30 30 60 90 120 121
I 30 30 45 60 60 120
i 20 30 30 SO 60 121
1 20 30 30 45 60 120
9 20 30 30 60 60 121
1) 2S 30 45 75 120 121
9 15 30 30 60 90 90
3 38 30 4S 60 60 60
) 20 30 45 90 100 120
J 20 30 3$ 60 60 121
1 20 30 45 60 90 120
) 20 30 30 45 60 121
20 30 30 45 60 60
20 30 35 60 60 121
25 30 45 60 90 121
20 30 30 60 60 121
20 30 30 45 60 120
ti 30 30 45 90 120
IS 20 30 45 60 121
20 30 35 60 100 121
20 30 30 45 60 120
20 30 45 60 75 121
20 30 30 45 60 121
20 30 30 60 60 121
20 30 40 40 75 121
20 30 3! 60 60 121
20 30 40 60 90 121
20 30 40 60 60 121
20 30 30 60 60 121
20 30 30 60 60 121
20 30 45 60 120 121
) 20 30 35 60 60 121
I 20 30 30 45 45 60
) 20 30 30 60 60 121
1 20 30 45 60 120 121
I
•OIEl . tlCNIflES HI Wilts OAT*. A VAIUE Of -121* KX MKft OF NIIMKf liCHIFIEt flUT MM TMM 128 MIMES VEU Will. NC • KSPOWEltS «NSC*E« -tON't
now. KF * litHNBEnt IEFUSEB TO MStffl. I • MEI SMtE till. KICtmttES ME TM MICHTAtt OF OOEM 1ELOU 01 tOJAL TO * CIVEN NUHIfl OF MINUTES.
Sure*! TMK ml tltfwli, 1996.
Ji>
1
a
s.
1
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T*blt 14-29. Ring* of Nunbtr of Ninut« Sp*nt in tht lithroon In«diit«ly Followinp * Shoiwr or •ath
.
TO
0
TO
0 10
10
10
20
20
TO
30
30
TO
40
40
TO
SO
SO
TO
40
70
TO
80
80
TO
90
110
TO
120
121
TO
121
ALL RES. US. RES. RES. RES. RES. RES. RES. RES. RES. RES. RES.
OVERALL
IslttlE
2: FEMALE
9:1EF
1J1-4 *
2:5-11
3512-17
4:18-64
!:> 64
IlIMlTE
2:ILACX
3lASlAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
SiHISPANIC
9sREF
0;HO
1>YES
BsBK
9'REF
— EMPLOYMENT
i:fULL T1HE
2:M*T TINE
3tHOT EMPtOTED
9iREF
EDUCATION
V.< HIGH SCKOOL
2:HICH SCHOOL SIWD
3t« COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE QUO.
5: POST CSAD.
-- CENSUS REGION —
1:NORIHEAST
Z:NIDUEST
3:SOUTH
4iUEST
— OKT OF WEEK —
UUEEKDAY
2:UEEIOEUO
ItUIHTEt
2:SMIK!i
3:SUHME*
4: FALL
OtHO
1:TES
8 SDK
0:110
1:TES
liDC
— nONCM/EMPMtS
OlNO
1JTES
S'BC
4290
1934
2355
1
Si
198
265
239
2919
583
2452
453
74
78
180
53
3892
333
21
44
692
198S
400
1181
32
775
386
1254
864
558
4S3
927
956
1513
894
2881
1409
1124
1145
1165
656
3946
327
17
41S1
11*
25
4059
207
24
108
37
71
12
2
5
1
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35
80
15
2
4
7
95
8
5
a
36
52
4
14
28
34
17
8
7
20
27
41
20
79
29
34
26
36
12
101
S
2
99
6
3
«
*
4
348 2770
138 1357
210 1413
8 38
59 1Z3
33 198
17 165
184 1901
47 345
271 2235
49 276
8 48
7 46
S 134
5 31
316 2504
28 227
1 10
3 29
111 479
122 1302
22 256
93 712
21
114 531
30 220
89 799
59 568
27 362
29 290
69 614
86 600
119 971
74 585
224 1889
124 881
77 726
99 756
112 740
60 548
306 2540
41 219
1 11
333 2687
13 68
2 15
325 2623
22 133
1 14
713
312
400
1
19
12
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34
517
108
590
63
12
19
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8
655
46
5
7
66
357
71
214
82
65
204
158
115
89
161
155
255
142
474
239
193
167
184
169
£73
37
691
17
S
684
24
250
67
183
6
3
16
189
36
194
35
4
3
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2
227
21
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17
120
32
79
20
30
92
46
31
31
49
57
93
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153
97
AS
70
66
49
236
14
241
9
236
14
20
5
15
1
1
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14
3
13
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1
19
1
3
10
2
3
2
8
4
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S
8
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15
5
7
4
6
3
18
20
19
1
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24
1
1
3
25
2
29
2
1
32
4
16
S
7
7
1
12
2
8
2
13
7
10
19
13
8
12
9
3
30
32
31
35
6
29
1
i
2
26
5
24
9
i
1
32
2
1
3
14
16
3
10
9
5
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6
11
10
8
19
16
9
10
•
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3
34
1
32
3
1
i
i
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i
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1
i
i
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1
2
1
i
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2
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1
1
1
1
1
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7
1
6
i
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7
6
i
1
3
1
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4
i
i
1
5
5
2
3
2
1
*
1
7
6
1
4
3
1
1
3
4
4
3
i
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
3
2
4
3
1
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES RIKtW DATA. WC • RESPONDENTS AMSUERED tKUCT KNQU*. «F - USMNDENTS REFUSES TO AHSWEt.
N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE IH SPECIFIES RANGE OF NUKKR OF MINUTES SPENT. A VALUE OF *121* FOt NJN8E* OF H1WIKI
SICMIFIEI THAT MtE THAN 120 MINUTES MERE SPENT.
laurt*i Tung wd «*;*<•, 19%.
Page
14-40
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Ttbtt 14*10. Bl»trlbutlan for th« Kuiter of Nlnutt* Spent In th* tittirMH ipwdUtely Fellmfnf » Shower or lith
GftGUP CQQC
10
50
PERCEXTILES
90 95
99
too
OVERALL
CENDEI
SENDER
ME
MX
AGE
ACE
Mi
»AC£
uct
uct
Mtt
IAHS
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
MU.OTKNT
INPtOIKEIf
ENpumcNT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EOUCATKM
CENSUS lESiw
CENSUS 1EGION
CEIISUS lEBION
CENSUS KSim
OAT OF WEEK
DAT Of WEK
Kuan
SEASON
SEASON
JEASOd
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
AWiM
ANGINA
nnmEMmn
UtONCH/WKTS
1lHAlE
{•FEMALE
l!l-4
Is5-11
Isll-1?
4;18-64
Si» 6*
tlMHITE
ttlUK
ItASIM
4ISONE OTHEIS
lllllSHUHC
OldO
t:TEI
llfUll TIME
2:?A(T TIME
liNOT tWLOTtD
!t< max SCHOOL
imsit SCHOOL ctw
J:< COUEGE
4ICCUEGE CHAD.
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OlMO
lilfi
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(tBZ
1»?
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1%
zeo
ZIB
2S66
su
SIR
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Ttblt H-31. Fr«qu*ney of u**Jtin 64
1: WHITE
ZstLACK
3:A£IAN
4: SOME OTHERS
SlMISPMlIC
9:»EF
0:NO
IsYES
8:BK
9:*EF
EMPLOYMENT
Uruu TINE
2: PAST TIKE
3sKOT EMPLOYES
9:RCF
EDUCATION
1:< KICK SCHOOL
2:HIGX SCHOOL OUfi
3:< COLLEGE
4-.OXLEC£ WAS.
5: POST CHAD.
-- CENSUS REGION --
1: NORTHEAST
2:MIMTS
0:MO
IjfEf
8:K
K
4643
2165
2498
2
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263
348
326
2972
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3774
463
77
96
193
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926
2017
379
1309
32
1021
399
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895
650
MS
1048
1036
1601
978
3156
1107
1264
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975
716
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125
191
159
1029
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rs
20
1536
130
12
14
471
707
142
365
7
307
120
391
284
238
152
404
373
559
356
1103
589
507
406
443
336
1562
126
4
1652
32
8
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57
8
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120
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101
327
8
158
96
318
246
174
114
243
251
379
233
764
342
286
283
315
222
1024
77
5
1069
34
3
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61
5
892
286
606
•
11
11
21
30
640
179
740
85
12
15
31
9
823
57
5
7
61
406
86
334
5
74
88
298
197
139
96
195
212
299
186
599
293
223
Z38
232
199
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69
4
851
36
5
835
35
2
223
59
164
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2
4
7
168
38
181
19
4
8
10
1
205
17
1
»
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116
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83
1
13
26
70
59
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41
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60
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207
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5
.
213
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*
178
49
129
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143
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1
5
5
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103
15
52
1
12
24
47
48
27
20.
38
38
66
36
147
31
51
44
48
35
16!
10
3
171
3
4
172
3
3
189
54
135
•
15
10
15
9
76
64
134
29
6
2
9
9
162
17
2
8
34
42
12
90
5
44
35
57
28
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41
86
32
133
56
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50
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167
14
8
171
10
8
ITS
6
8
NOTE: . • HISfiNC DATA; Dt » OONT XNOU; II
Source: Tui« and U**f«, 1996.
MM>U SIZE
Page
14-42
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
,T«bl. 14-32. Distribution for Nuifcer of Nlnuttt Working or Being Near food Uhlle Fired, Grilled, or Birbequed
6ROUP NAME
PERCENT ILES
50 75
90
95
98
99
100
OVERALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
MCE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
KISPM1C
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOTMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAT OF WEEK
DAT OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
IRONCH/EKPHTS
tRONCH/EWHTS
1:NALE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-44
5:> 44
ItUMITE
2:BLACK
3:ASIAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
5:HISPANIC
0:(tt
1:TES
ItFULL TIME
2:PART TIME
3:NOT EMPLOYED
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GOAD.
5:POST GRAD.
1 : NORTHEAST
2:MIDUEST
):SOUTH
4:UEST
1 :UEEKDAT
2:VEEKENO
ItWINTER
2:Sf>RING
3:SUHKER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:TES
0:NO
1:TES
0:NO
liTES
1055
485
570
35
82
82
747
96
848
115
18
It
48
960
84
504
95
252
96
318
208
135
83
198
248
399
210
662
393
267
296
299
193
960
92
1032
19
1005
47
0 1 2.0
0 1 2.0
0 0 2.0
0 0 2.0
0 0 0.0
0 0 2.0
0 2 3.0
0 3.0
0 2.0
2 5.0
0 0.0
5 5.0
0 5.0
& 2.0
0 2.0
1 3.0
0 2.0
0 3.0
0 2.0
0 5.0
0 3.0
1 2.0
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
0 .0
0 2 .0
0 0 .0
0 0 .0
0 0 .0
0 1 2.5
0 0 2.0
0 1 2.0
0 0 0.0
0 1 2.0
0 0 3.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
12.5
15.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
7.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
22.5
20.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
45.0
40.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
45.0
60.0
30.0
60.0
45.0
40.0
30.0
52.5
30.0
35.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
40.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
45.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
60.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
60.0
105
90
120
45
60
60
120
60
10S
61
121
121
90
90
121
121
90
90
121
120
121
90
60
90
121
90
60
90
120
60
120
90
121
90
121
95
121
90
121
121
121
121
60
90
90
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. A VALUE OF *121* FOR NUMBER Of MINUTES SIGNIFIES THAT MODE THAN 120 MINUTES MERE SPENT. OK • RESPONDENTS
ANSWERED "DON'T DOT. REF • RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO MSUER. N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE. PERCENTILES ARE THE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BE LOU OR EOUAl
TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
taunt: Tttni tnd Klepelt, 1996.
I- I-
I I
3 3
-------
I
1
v
T«blt 14-33. Distribution for th« N«*fetr of Htnutti Uerklng or it Ing itir Optn FlMi Including Itrbctf* MUMS
«ww ww
CENDEt
GENOEI
ME
ACE
ME
ACE
ME
MCE
MCE
ucc
UCE
MCE
HISPANIC
HIWAMie
EMPUmCNt
EMPLOYMENT
EwioTNENT
IOUCAIIO*
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
[DUCAT ION
EDUCATION
CENSUS IEG10N
CENSUS REGICM
CENSUS IEGION
CENSUS IESIDN
HAT Of WEEK
BAT Of KEK
MASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHW
ASTMW
ANGINA
ANGINA
INONCN/EHNITS
itONCM/IMPKIS
era* am
1:MIE
2IFEKAIE
1:1-*
2:5-11
SHI-IT
4:18-6*
5:> 64
titmiiE
Jiiucx
3lASIAtt
*f$«E onus
SiNISPAXIC
OsNO
lltES
1:FULL TINE
2JMNT TIME
SsNOI EWIOTEO
1;< NIC* SCHOOL
2:HICH tCI««. CUD
3i« CH.IEGE
4:caLLEGE MAO.
5:PCSI auo.
1:NMT«AST
2:HIDUEST
3:SOUIH
*:KST
IjUEfOAT
ZiHEEKEW
1:UINIE«
2:SPX1H
liSUMKI
4:FAU
0:na
1:YES
0:110
liTES
0:110
t:¥ES
1
tn
252
227
H
29
28
irz
31
«07
11
s
3
22
*J6
34
262
44
W
2f
130
»Z
9S
55
124
112
149
94
2«
19S
142
11S
«r
85
443
35
4e1
15
461
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
2
a
a
s
10
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
i
0
? 5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
s
10 1
2
Q
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
o
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
o
2
0
10 p
2 10,0
2 tO.O
2 10.0
0 S.O
0 5.0
10.0
10.0
S.O
10.0
S.O
20.0
t 11.0
S.O
10.0
11.0
10.0
5.0
10.0
S.O
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
S.O
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
1S.O
2 10.0
2 10.0
2 10.0
58
25.0
20.0
20.0
10.0
1S.O
22,5
20.0
ir,o
20.0
20.0
40.0
22.S
30.0
20.0
60.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
KUCEMTI
75 90
Mlfl 121
60.0 121
30.0 121
30.0 121
30. 90
42. 60
60. 121
30. 120
4S. 121
30. 60
121. 121
60. 121
60. 120
42. 121
90. 121
60. 121
52. 121
40. 120
60. 121
60. 121
90. 121
40.0 121
40.0 121
30.0 121
4S.O 121
60.0 121
M.O 121
30.0 121
60.0 121
60.0 121
60.0 120
4S.O 121
40.0 121
45.0 121
120.0 121
4S.O 121
60.0 121
45.0 121
*nc « *•»«
!U?*7 ftf
IES
95
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
98
151
121
121
121
121
90
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
!?.
121
121
121
121
121
90
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
i?i
1C*
100
K1
121
121
121
121
90
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
NOTE) . tlaUFIEI MISSING DATA. * VALUE Of M21> KM NUWEI OF KINUIEJ SIGNIFIES THAT NODE THAI 120 MINUTES UE«E SPENT. UK * IESKNDENIS ANSUENEP
•DOM WOU-T »IF ' llsPoWENTS 1EFUSB) TO ANSUU. I * DOER SAMPLE SIZE. PttCENTIlES AXE TNE KKENTAtE OF BOEHS IEIW 00 FOLUL 10 A OIVtK MMK* OF
MINUTES.
taunts Tint «nd XlifMl*, 19%.
t
*>k
I
I
a
§ !
-------
Tablt 14-34. Distribution for the Nuifcer of Tine* Working or lelng Heir Excessive Dust In the Air
10
so
90
PERCEITHES
•K 98
99 100
OVEULl
GENDER
GENDER
ACE
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
MCE
RACE
MCE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
ENPLOTICNT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
rCHQM MCCtlW
CCIIWl REBIOII •
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
BA7 Of WEEK
OAT OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
pt>inm.
ASTMtt
ANGINA
ANGINA
iRONCH/EMPKTi
BRONCN/EHPKYi
1:NALE
2:FENALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
S:> 64
1:WHITE
2:BLACK
SlASIAN
4: SOW OTHERS
S:HISPANIC
0:110
1:TES
1:FULl TIME
2:PART TIME
StNOT EMPLOYED
1l< NIGH SCHOOL
2:HI8H SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
1 :HORTKEAST
2:HIDWEST
I:SOUTH
4:WEST
1:WeEO)A?
2:WEEKEND
1:UINTER
2:SPRING
3:SUMMER
4:FALL
fit Ufl
VIHU
ItTES
0:NO
llTES
0:NO
1:TES
679 0 2.0 7 30.0
3(1 1 2.0
338 0 2.0
22 0 0.0
SO 0 0.5
52 0 1.0
$13 2 S.fl
38
556
4*
7 21
IS
29
ill
57
36S
66
122
52
199
140
82
76
««J|
1M
us
227
169
471
208
193
193
119
AAA
DUO
73
662
IS
637
41
1.0
1.0
3.0
20.0 2<
S.O
3.0
2.0
3.0
S.O
1.0
2.0
S.O
0.0
S.O 1
2.0
S.O
2.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
S.O
3.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
8 30.0
S 30.0
2 S.O
4 1S.O
S S.O
10 30.0
S 3S.O
8 30.0
S 20.0
20 60.0
10 60.0
7 20.0
S 30.0
10 30.0
IS 37.S
S 20.0
8 30.0
7 3S.O
10 30.0
20 60.0
IS 30.0
10 37.S
10 30.0
S 30.0
10 30.0
7 30.0
S 30.0
S 20.0
10 30.0
10 30.0
10 30.0
7 30.0
30 60.0
7 30.0
0.0 S 30.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
75.0
75.0
20.0
121.0
105.S
121.0
121.0
90.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
191 n
121 .U
121.0
121.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
191 n
121*0
121.0
121.0
121.0
191 n
ICl »U
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
1CI
121
121
121
121
121
191
Itl
121
121
121
191
Id
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
ICl
121
121
121
121
121
191
121
121
121
121
191
ICl
121
121
121
121
121
IOTI I . SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. A VALUE OF '121- FOR NUMBER OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES THAT MORE THAN 120 Ml
WOW-. REF • RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSWER. N • DOER SAMPLE tilt. KRCENTILES ARE THE PERCENTAGE OF
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
ICl
121
121
121
121
121
191
121
121
121
121
191
ICl
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
Icl
121
121
121
121
121
191
Icl
121
121
121
191
Icl
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
ICl
121
121
121
121
121
191
lei
121
121
121
171
1C 1
121
121
121
121
121
NUTES WERE SPENT. DX
DOERS RELOU 0* EOUAl
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
Icl
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
ICl
121
121
121
121
121
191
Icl
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
• RESPONDENTS AHSUEDEO -DON 1
TO A GIVEN NUHBER OF HIXUTfS.
a
4-
Sourest Tssnf snd Kltpsls. 1996.
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T«bt* 14-35. **ng* of th* Muter of Tlat* An AuttanbiU or Motor Vehicle Ua*
* OF TINES
OVERALL
IsMALE
2:FEHAli
1:1-*
2:5-11
4:18-64
5:> 64
1:UHITE
2:ILACK
3:AS1AN
4: KME OTHERS
5: HISPANIC
9:IEF
«**.**•• UICDAlIlC *•**
0;NO
t:YES
8:DK
9:REF
-~ ENPLOWEMT
1:FUU. T1N6
2:PA*T TIME
3: HOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION
i:< HICK SCHOOL
2:H1GH SCHOOL CRAD
3:< COLLEGE
*:COLLEGC GRAB.
5: POST CHAD.
— CENSUS ItaiON —
1 {NORTHEAST
2:HIOUEST
3:SOUTH
4:UEST
— BAlf OF WEEK —
1:UEER)AV
ZlUEEKENO
1:UINTER
2.SPRIHG
3:SU*CR
0:HO
1;YES
0:NO
BsBK
— tRONOI/EKnnS
OiHO
1-.TES
BlDK
ALL
2009
939
1070
20
111
150
145
1287
296
1763
110
46
24
55
11
1879
111
12
7
398
919
149
S36
7
427
84
464
440
326
268
289
541
702
477
1383
626
567
518
525
399
1861
146
2
1959
48
2
1922
84
2
1:1-2
RESPO-
ND.
1321
188
733
13
68
93
86
840
221
1164
70
34
19
26
8
1239
68
9
5
241
610
93
372
5
262
59
336
304
201
159
213
360
430
318
903
418
396
336
313
276
1228
92
1
1288
33
1266
54
1
ZsS-S
RESPO-
ND.
S59
290
269
2
39
49
42
367
60
486
31
10
5
24
3
519
35
3
2
127
253
48
129
2
134
17
107
107
106
88
64
142
221
132
386
173
136
141
178
104
514
44
1
545
12
2
532
25
2
ur MM SUrttd
3:6-9
RESPO-
ND.
78
40
38
1
2
6
12
SO
7
69
4
2
,
3
•
74
4
,
•
20
IS
4
19
,
21
2
13
20
10
12
8
29
27
14
63
15
20
25
18
15
70
8
•
76
2
f
74
4
•
4:10*
RESPO-
ND.
17
7
10
1
2
,
1
12
1
17
.
.
•
17
.
.
3
9
2
3
.
4
1
2
5
2
3
2
2
8
5
11
6
5
5
6
1
17
,
•
17
%
%
17
?
•
S:OK
RESPO-
ND.
34
14
20
3
.
2
4
18
7
27
5
.
,
2
•
30
4
.
•
7
12
2
13
,
6
5
6
4
7
6
2
8
16
8
20
14
10
11
10
3
32
2
•
33
1
.
33
1
•
NOTE! *.* « H1MIN6 DAT*! "OK* • KMT KHOU; X * IOU PERCENTAGE;
Saurc*: T**ng «nd Kl*p*lt, 1996.
1AI1PU SIZE
Page
14-46
Exposure Factors Handbook
_____ August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T.blt 14-36. Ung* of th« 'uufetr of Tlo»« a Motor Vthlclt W«. Stirtid Kith tht Garage Door Ctottd
* OF YIH5S car stirtad M. G-OOHt
CLOSED
0:NONE 1:1-2 2:3-5 3:6-9 B:DK
REs
ALL HD.
RESTO- respo- RESPO- MSK>-
NO. NO. ND. NO.
OVERALL
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
S:> 64
1:UMITE
2:BLACK
3:AS1AN
4:SOK£ OTHERS
5:HISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
1:Yfl
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
isFULL TIME
2:PA»T TI«f
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION
i:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST CHAD.
-- CENSUS REGION -*
1:NORTNEAST
2:MIDWEST
3: SOUTH
4:UEST
— OAY OF WEEK —
1:UEEKDAY
2:UEEKEND
' SEASON
1 {WINTER
3 -SUMMER
4: FALL
OtNO
1:YES
0:NO
1:YES
8:OK
— 1RONCH/EWNYS
OtNO
tsYES
8:OK
2009
939
1070
20
111
150
145
1287
296
176$
110
46
24
55
11
1879
111
12
7
398
919
149
536
7
427
84
464
440
326
268
289
541
702
477
1383
626
567
518
525
399
1861
146
2
1959
48
2
1922
84
3
1830
860
970
14
99
141
127
1184
' 265
1616
95
41
21
46
11
1714
97
12
7
360
840
137
488
5
387
74
429
399
299
242
270
500
628
432
1269
561
509
470
476
375
1696
132
2
1785
43
2
1747
80
3
99
41
58
1
8
6
9
57
18
82
6
4
2
5
•
92
7
f
22
46
6
24
1
23
2
24
24
12
14
10
22
42
25
66
33
32
29
23
15
92
7
•
96
3
f
96
3
•
26
11
11
2
4
18
2
22
2 .
,
9
2
-
23
3
•
9
5
13
2
5
1
6
1
2
8
6
3
5
4
8
9
21
5
9
3
11
3
Z3
3
26
„
26
^
•
2 52
23
2 29
5
2
3
1 4
1 27
11
1 42
1 6
1
1
2
•
2 48
4
, .
. .
1 10
1 19
*
19
. ,
1 10
7
9
1 S
9
9
1 3
1 14
24
11
27
2 25
1 16
16
15
1 5
1 49
1 3
-
2 50
2
. .
2 51
1
•
NOTEs *.* • HISSING DATA; *OK*
Sowe*: Tung and Kl*p*1*, 1996.
BOTT KNOU; X • SOU KMXHTASE; H - SAMPLE SIZE
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-47
-------
T*b(* 14-37. Distribution for th« Nutfwr of Mlnutn Sptnt « * Gu Station or Auto Rej»lr Shop
MOUP »HK
OvERAli
6ENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
ASE
ASE
ASE
MCf
MCE
MCf
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EKPLOflCNT
EKPioneNT
EXPLOTNENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS IES1CM
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
PAT OF MEEK
OAT OF WEEK
SEASON
IEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
WHINA
ANGINA
IKNCH/EmirS
noNCH/EKwrs
6IOUC COOf
1 SHALE
2:FENALE
l!l-4
2s5-11
Jiiz-ir
4S1B-44
5t> M
IslMITE
ZilUCK
SlASIAN
(ISOME OTHERS
SiHIsrANIC
OtNO
ItTES
llfULL TIHE
2:PA«T TIM
3:MOT EHPLOTEO
1l< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HISN SCHOOL GRAB
3l« COLLEGE
4:COUCGE CHAD.
SIPOST eiuo.
ItNCMTHEAST
2:N1BWEST
3:SOJTH
4MSST
ItUEEDMY
2: WEEKEND
t:U»TER
2:snim
ItSUMNEI
4:FALl
OlHO
ItTES
0:110
tiTES
OilM
tlTCS
* I
«7 2
552 2 2
(14 0 1
29 0 0
42 2 2
67 0 2
788 1 2
95 0 1
1S 2 2
«n 1 2
5*2 2
193" 1
184 1
70 2
271 2
213 2
US 2
106 2
167 2
246 2
US 1
206 2
634 2
313 1
236 1
U2 2 2
282 0 2
217 t 2
S92 1 2
74 0 2
»«7 1 2
17 3 3
$20 1 2
f
J
3
2
0
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
«
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
10
4.0
4,0
3.0
0.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
4.0
4.S
S.O
4.0
4.0
3.0
5.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
S.O
4.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
4.0 U
4.0 !
25 !0
5 6.6
i 7.0
i 5.S
i S.O
J S.O
S 10.0
i 7.S
i 5.0
S S.O
S 10.0
S 6.0
t T.O
10,0
10.0
10.0
8.0
a.o
S.O
7.0
S.O
8.0
6.S
8.0
7.0
5.0
6.0
7.5
10.0
5.0
7.0
5.0
6.0
< 10.0
! 7.0
16
10
10
10
10
to
10
IS
10
10
10
12
IS
10
10
10
to
30
15
10
10
to
10
to
10
10
10
10
10
IS
10
10
10
10
10
15
10
IS
PERCENT
00
30
30
IS
20
15
20
30
15
30
15
10
20
25
30
30
30
20
121
30
IS
15
15
SO
10
20
20
30
IS
20
30
30
IS
25
SO
10
IS
25
1ZO
HES
9S
90
120
30
60
15
30
120
40
120
15
10
30
30
120
121
120
to
121
121
60
30
35
121
120
45
70
121
SO
60
120
120
SS
90
120
90
121
60
120
W
121
121
121
121
120
M
121
120
121
20
10
30
121
121
19i
III
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
56
121
121
120
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
J?
nf
121
121
121
120
121
121
120
121
120
10
30
121
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
90
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
100. . ..
(21
121
121
121
120
121
121
120
121
120
10
SO
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
1219
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
KOIE: . SiOftFIES MSSIM DATA. A VALUE OF *121* FOR MMER OF NlMflES SIGNIFIES THAT MORE THAN 120 HINUIES UEIE SPENT. BX « IESPOMENIS ANSWEIEO
•GOTT MOT. REF * RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO AISUER. * - DOER SAMPLE SIZE. PERCCITUES ME THE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS IEIOW OK EOMl TO A GIVEN OMBER ft!
MINUTES.
Seurct: Twng «nd Kltpilt, 19M.
a
"i
*•••«
•*>.
a
!
a
!
-------
1
tabU 14-38. DI tt r I but loo far th* Ntnter of Minute* Spent While Window! Her* Itfl Open Mil It «t Hne
GROUP NAME
WEMU
awEi
SENSE*
MX
»OE
AGE
ACE
*OE
IME
MCE
HUE
MCE
MCE
HISPANIC
NiSmUHC
BVUHHENT
ENnOYKENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EMCtttON
CENSUS nsm
CENSUS 1E01M
CENSUS *KION
CENSUS REeioN
MY Of MEM
OAT or WK
SBSSOS
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASIMW
•SIMM
ANGINA
AlOIItt
liMCM/Emrri
MMCII/E1VNTS
CROUP CODE
ItlMlE
ZlFEHAU
1l1*4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-«4
Si» M
llWHIK
Z:8U«
3>A$1AN
4lSOC OTHERS
SlMISPANIC
0:NO
1l«S
1:FUU IIHE
2:WWT tINE
3:KOT EMPLOYED
1t< HICK SCHOOl
2:K1GN SCHOOL GRAB
3i« COLLEGE
41COUEGE GRAB.
SiPOSI MAO.
1:NORTKEA$T
tlMMCCT
3:SOUTH
4iWiT
1:UEEH)AT
tiVEEUW
1:tHNTEt
litffttm
3ISUMNER
4: FALL
a:Na
1:YES
OilO
liVEt
OiNO
llTES
„
I960
891
1067
99
tS9
101
1282
282
1558
208
*?
U
80
1775
156
B2Z
190
S76
161
S«2
408
247
216
498
390
494
STB
1285
67S
30!
tit
680
311
1809
14S
1902
49
1850
100
1
2
S
2
0
3
2
6
1
2
3
10
1
2
2
20
S
1
S
1
2
5
IS
to
3
S
1
2
3
2
t
10
to
3
2
S
3
1
2
i
2
10
10
10
1
10
S
16
%
10
10
10
1
20
to
20
«
7
10
6
10
IS
IS
to
10
10
6
10
10
10
2
20
30
S
10
10
10
t
to
IS
S
30
10
30
10
20
14
60
10
30
30
16
60
30
30
30
»
30
60
30
60
30
60
30
10
60
30
30
30
30
10
60
180
30
30
60
30
24
30
35
10
180
180
119
180
60
180
180
180
180
180
ISO
90
60
180
180
180
60
180
90
180
119
100
180
119
180
90
ISO
180
119
24
180
180
60
180
1U
180
SO
180
.180
25
360
360
360
180
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
180
360
360
180
360
180
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
360
180
360
600
ISO
360
360
360
180
360
480
SO
840
KO
840
600
600
600
840
840
840
840
600
600
600
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
840
600
840
840
840
360
600
961
600
840
840
840
961
840
961
Pf (CENTRES
75 90 95
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
96i
961
96t
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
96t
961
961
96t
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
96i
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
161
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
96t
961
961
96t
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
Ml
961
vo!
961
961
941
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
96t
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
96t
961
961
98
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
96t
961
96!
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
96t
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
99
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
Ml
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
100
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
941
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
961
WTEl . SlCHirilt MSSH6 BAIA. VALUES OF •180*. *360>, *6M% -840* Ml *96f lot MMSEC Of N1NU1ES SIGNIFY THAT 2-4 KOUHS, 4-8 HOWS,
8-12 MOWS, 12*16 HOMS, WO MM INU 16 MOWS, KSfCCTIWLT, VEffi m«T. BK * KSPCMKNTS MSIIEREO t>»'T MOW". IEF • MSMNOEHtS
KFUSEB 10 MHin. N • 80E1 ttNPtf SKC. KMKNTiLES Mt TIC PERCENTAGE OF DOEIS KUM OR EQUAL TO * SIVtN NUNKI OF NIMTES.
tourett luni *nd KUfnli, 1966.
a
I-
cf
c
3
ft
3
I
I
-------
I«U* 14-37. Distribution for tht Muter of MInulM th* Out«ld< Door wu Itft Optn Mill* «t NOW
coat
_?JL
PEKENTtlES
ML.
OVERALL
ctHoei
SENDER
ACE
ACE
A6E
MX
ACE
MCE
MCi
MCE
RACE
uct
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
ENPLOfNEIIT
EMM.OTMEHT
fMPUntKNT
(DUCAT ION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS (EG ION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
BAT OF WEEK
DAT or MEEK
SEASON
tEASM
SEASON
tEASM
ASTHMA
ASTMA
AHGINA
MCINA
Monof/Emm
IMNCN/EMPNTS
1:KAU
2:fBttl£
1:1-*
285-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
1!|MITE
2: BUCK
3:ASIAN
4:SONE OTNEIS
5:»ISPA*IC
0:IM
i:tes
1:fULL TIME
2:PART TINE
]:WT EWtOTED
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
ZiNIfiH SOMOi SiiAD
1:4 COIUCE
4iCOUEGE CRAO.
5:POST MAO.
1:»OR!Hf*5T
2:N1DWEST
3;50UTN
4:«SI
1:UEEa«T
Z:UEEKEM>
UUINTER
Z:SP»IH5
S:SUNCI
4:IAll
0:M
tiTES
0:NO
1:tES
0:IM
liffiS
1170 0 .0 S.O 10
SOS 0
£65 1
68 0
109 0
79 0
718
ISO
968
100
a
22
4S
1073
SI
4S1
9!
362
96
309
22S
150
124
223
221
361
345
732 I
433
184 I
407
US 1
194
1072 (
97
1133 (
36
1105
63 '
I
1
>
1
)
1
1
1
1
1
]
!
1
)
1
J
1
I
1
.
.0 3.0 10
.0 S.O 10
.0 2.0 10
.0 3.0 10
.0 3.0 5
.0 3.0 10
.0 10.0 20
,0
.5
.0
.0
.0 '
.0 :
.0 '
.0 !
.0
.0 '
.0
.9 •
.0
.5
.0 :
.0 '
.0 ;
.0 !
.0 !
.0 !
.0 !
.0 ;
.0 !
.0 It
.0 <
.0 !
.0 3
.0 !
.0 :
.0 !
S.O 10
i.5 11
!.0 60
.0 15
.0 5
S.O 10
i.O 10
.0 10
.0 IS
.0 10
.0 11
i.O 10
.0 10
.0 15
I.O S
.0 10
I.O 10
.0 10
.0 IS
i.O 10
.0 10
1.0 3
1.0 20
.0 30
i.O 10
.0 10
I.O 6
.0 10
.0 10
I.O 10
.0 10.0 10
NOiet . SIGNIFIES HISSING OAT*. MUM OF "ISO". -J60-. -600'.
MUM, AW OVER
KM SAH>U tlZE
60.0 100
60.0 180
60.0 ISO
30.0 180
60.0 180
60.0 180
60.0 ISO
180.0 360
60.0 160
60.0 180
160.0 160
30.0 180
45.0 ISO
60.0 180
45.0 180
60.0 ISO
60.0 180
60.0 160
75.0 360
60.0 180
60.0 180
60.0 160
30.0 180
90.0 180
60.0 180
60.0 180
60.0 180
60.0 180
60.0 180
10.0 60
180.0 160
180.0 360
30.0 ISO
60.0 180
30.0 180
60.0 180
104.5 360
60.0 180
90.0 180
AW *721* K*
12 NQUKS, lESPECTIVclT. WERE IKNT. K • KSfOMHTS AKSUiREO
. KKCEiTllES ARE THE KtCEITACE Of BOEM KIW 0« EaUAi TO *
600
600
690
360
600
360
600
600
600
600
600
600
360
600
360
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
600
J60
600
600
600
180
600
600
360
600
600
600
360
600
600
UMBER
•BOUT
GIVEN
600 721
600 721
600 721
721 721
600 600
600 721
600 721
721 721
600 721
600 600
600 721
600 721
600 600
600 721
600 600
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 600
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 600
600 721
721 721
600 600
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 721
600 600
Of MINUTES
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721,0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
660.S
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.9
721.0
721.8
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
600.0
721.0
721.0
600.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
721.0
ItmiFV
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
600
721
721
60t
721
721
721
721
721
721
THAT
721
721
721
721
721
721
T21
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
721
600
721
721
600
721
721
721
721
721
721
2-4 MOMS, 4-8 K3JSS. S-12
KNOU*. «EF * tESKNOEMTS IEFUSED TO ANSWCA.' * »
MME1 OF MINUTES.
taureti TMBJ trrf Cttptlt, 1996.
I
»*4
•fe>
I
&k
I
a
s.
I
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T»bl« 14-40. Frequency
of OpeninQ an
Outtidt Door
In th* Mont in * D*y
XOU MAUT TIMES AH OUTSIDE DOOR OPENED
5:ZD
1:ONCE *:10- TIMES
OT 2:3-5 ' 3:6-9 19 OR
TWIM TIMES TIMES TINES MORE
8:DIC
ALL RESP. RESP. RESP. RESP. RESP. REW.
OVERALL
1 :KALE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-1?
4:18-64
5:> 64
1:UHITE
2:SLACK
3:ASlAtf
*:SOKE OTHERS
S:H1$PAN1C
9:REF
0:NO
1:TES
8:DK
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
1:FULl TIME
2: PART TIME
3;NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION
i:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAB
! 3:< COLIE6E
4: COLLEGE CRAB.
5:PO$T CUD.
— CENSUS REGION
1:NORTKEAST
2:M1DWEST
J: SOUTH
4:WEST
— BAT Of UEEK —
1 : WEEKDAY
2:WEEKENO
1: WINTER
2:SPRING
3:SUMNER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
OlHO
1:YES
8:OK
-- IRONCH/ENPHYS
0:110
UYES
8:DK
H
1187
511
676
19
68
109
79
730
182
979
103
a
22
46
14
1086
83
7
11
255
458
95
369
10
267
98
318
226
150
126
228
225
365
369
746
441
185
417
387
198
1087
99
1
1147
39
1
1121
66
2
N
192
80
112
6
13
15
11
112
35
155
22
1
3
a
3
179
11
2
40
79
14
58
1
42
21
M
44
21
16
37
44
59
52
116
76
19
73
72
28
175
16
1
183
8
1
179
12
1
N
248
96
152
3
14
16
17
145
S3
193
28
9
4
11
3
227
17
2
2
46
98
20
81
3
48
17
66
52
37
28
38
54
81
75
167
81
51
94
68
35
228
20
•
241
7
.
230
18
•
N
229
100
129
2
8
IS
17
156
28
1B8
21
4
2
10
4
208
16
1
4
43
95
19
69
3
46
15
65
37
39
27
49
39
69
72
156
73
39
66
81
43
211
18
•
221
a
„
216
12
1
N
267
118
149
3
17
31
13
171
32
233
12
6
7
8
1
244
20
3
.
60
104
22
80
1
63
18
71
49
31
35
53
50
71
n
167
100
42
90
80
SI
245
22
•
259
8
*
258
9
•
II
196
93
103
1
13
23
17
123
19
168
14
2
4
8
•
180
15
1
„
53
72
18
52
1
54
20
U
34
19
15
38
33
66
59
106
90
27
73
66
30
179
17
«
192
4
,
186
10
•
N
55
24
31
4
3
6
4
23
IS
42
6
1
2
1
3
48
4
.
3
IS
10
2
29
1
14
7
14
12
3
i
13
5
19
18
34
21
7
21
20
7
49
6
•
51
4
,
52
3
•
NOTE: . • MISSIHS DATA; *0ir « KMT UQU; X
*ourc«: Tung and Kl«p«ll, 1996.
ROU PERCENTAGE;
SAMPLE SIZE
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-51
-------
Tiblt 14-41. BlftHbutloi for th* Ihufctr of Hlnutu Spent Riming, U«lklng, or Standing UengtlOt * «o*d with Htivy trifflc
BtOtf WW
OVERALL
SENDER
GENDER
A4X
ASE
AGE
AIX
ACE
1A(X
RACE
RACE
MCE
IACE
NISMNIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOTNENT
ENPtOTNENT
EDUCATION
tWCATlON
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS RECIM
CENSUS lESIONl
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
BAT OF HEX
BAT OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASM
ASTMA
ASTMIA
MCI HA
AN81RA
IRONCN/ENPNTt
ewu? cope
tlKAU
2:FEMAIE
llt-4
2:5-11
3it2-1f
4:18-64
So 64
1: WHITE
2:IIAOC
3:ASIA«
4: SOME OTNCRS
SiNISPAIIC
OiM
llTES
1:FULL TIKC
2iPART TIME
IsNOT EKPLOTfB
1:< NIGN SCHOOL
2:HICH SCHOOL GMO
IK COLLEGE
4;COLIEIX 6AAO.
SiPOST MAO.
IrNORTNEAST
2:N!0UI:ST
lisOUTN
«:UEST
1:ICEO>AT
ZiWEKENO
UVINTEI
2:SPRINIi
3:SU«ER
4:FALL
OlNO
t:TES
0:NO
OsNO
llTEI
1
Ml
202
198
12
20
27
304
11
306
51
to
T
24
156
43
214
SO
76
18
106
M
79
SO
129
13
105
84
101
98
104
114
104
370
11
393
ITS
22
t
ft
0
t
2
0
0
1
2
0
t
0
0
0
4
t
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
t
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
1.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
2.
2.
1.
1.
1.
0.
1.
4.
1*
0.
t.O
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.0
e.o
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
t.O
1.0
2.0
5 10 25
2,0 5 5.6
!.0 3 S.O
.0 2 5.0
.0 S.O
.0 5.0
.0 1.0
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 10.0
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 5.0
.0 S.O
.0 5.5
.0 6.0
.0 S.O
.0 5.5
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 5.0
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 4.5
.0 6.0
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 S.O
.0 5.0
.0 S.O
.0 5.0
.0 5.0
, 50 75
15.0 30.0
17.5 45.0
10.0 30.0
20.0 45.0
1S.O 10.0
7.0 30.0
7.5 15.0
10.0 45.0
17.S 40.0
15.0 30.0
10.0 10.0
15.0 30.0
1S.O 30.0
15.0 30.0
10.0 15.0
1S.O 60.0
20.0 40.0
tS.O 30.0
10.0 20.0
20.0 SO.O
10.0 20.0
15.0 30.0
15.0 30.0
15.0 10.0
15.0 30.0
10.0 20.0
20.0 60.0
to.o 10.0
20.0 15.0
15.0 10.0
15.0 30.0
15.0 30.0
tt'.O 30.*0
17.5 30.0
KRCEMflLES
jo
60,0
120.0
60.0
60.0
2S.O
60.0
90.0
60.0
110.0
SO.O
17.5
121.0
60.0
90.0
60.0
120.0
90.0
60.0
30.0
121.0
120.0
60.0
52.S
120.0
60.0
90.0
60.0
60.0
121.0
60.0
120.0
60.0
120.0
60.0
120.0
90.0
4A M
MJ.U
60.0
121.0
„
Itl
121
120
60
60
90
121
121
121
60
20
121
60
121
120
121
121
110
121
121
121
90
90
121
121
121
120
120
121
110
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
98
IJi
121
121
60
90
120
121
121
121
60
20
121
120
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
,9?
m
121
121
60
90
120
121
121
121
121
20
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
too
1Z1
121
121
60
90
120
121
121
121
121
20
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
12t
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
MTEi . SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. A VALUE OF *121*
MOT. KF • KSMWENTS REFUSES TO AXSUER. I *
Soumi Tm* «nd Il>p*li, 1996.
FOR MMER OF MINUTEI SIM1FIES THAT ROUE THAN 120 MMIIES UEIE SPCII. K « RESPONDENTS AXSUEHED -OOi'l
MEI SAMPLE SIIE. KRCEMUIES All THE KMXKfASE OF KK*S RCUN OR fOUM. To A GIVEN HUME* OF MINUTES.
^
a
5s
***
i
a.
i-
B
-------
I«bt« 14-42, Distribution far the Hunter of Hlnuttt Spent in • c»r, V«n, Truck, or Bu> In Heavy Traffic
cxaue HAKE
(SOUPCOM
IB
50
PERCEHUIES
75 90
98
JfiO_
OVERALL
GEWEI
GEK>EI
ASE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
tACE
MCE
IWCE
MCE
MCE
HISPANIC
NISMNIC
tHPLOTNENT
EMPLWHENr
[Wurmen!
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EOUCH1M
EDUCATION
CENSUS IEGION
CENSUS IEGION
CENSUS UG10N
CENSUS IEGION
DM W ICEK
BAT OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTMU
ASTHMA
AMtU
ANGINA
IMMCH/ENFim
NONCH/ENmS
ItKALE
2:fEKAI.E
U1-4
2iS-11
liK-17
4t18-64
5:> 64
IsUNITE
2:fiuoc
3:AS1AN
4: SOME OTHERS
SiNlsnme
0:NO
WES
liFUU. TIME
ZiPARI TIME
J:Kor ENPtWEO
1:< NI&N SCHOOl
Z-.KICK SCHOOL mm
J:< COLLEGE
4ICOLLEGE OtAD.
J:POSt GRAD.
liNORTNEAST
ZsNUUEST
SlSOUTN
4:UEST
tiUEEOAT
ZiUEEKEKB
ItWINTEl
tiSMIM
SlSUHKEI
«:F*L1.
OiNO
1:TES
0:in
liTES
0:10
1:TES
NOTE! . StGNIflES MISSING DATA. A VAIUE OF •
KNOW. If r • lESPONEEHS lEfUSCB IB ANSWt.
I19T
SS4
645
51
63
52
869
119
S59
111
20
Z4
!5
1097
95
659
108
Z79
81
352
Z76
176
ISO
Z29
263
429
276
«r
in
284
W
ItZ
282
1108
89
1159
IS
11 JO
2 % 10.0
2 4 10.0
2
t
2
|
2
j
1
10.0
10.0
10.0
9.0
10.0
1S.O
10.0
10.0
11.0
1 12.5
10. C
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
1 10.0
10.0
1S.O
12.5
' 10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
64 1 Z 10.0
20.0
20.0
2S.O
1S.O
20.0
12.1
2S.O
30.0
2S.O
20.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
30,0
20.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
25.0
20.0
10.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
27.S
60.0
60.0
60.0
10.0
(S.O
ir.s
60.0
60.0
60.0
40.0
30.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
90.0
60.0
4B.S
£0.0
40.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
4S.O
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
4S.O
60.0
60.0
60.0
70.0
60.0
51.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
60.0
60.0
90.0
120.0
121.0
120.0
90.0
4S.O
90.0
120.0
120.0
121.0
120.0
121.0
120.0
121.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
W.S
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
60,0
120.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
52.S
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121- FOR NUMEN OF NINUIES SIGNIFIES THAI MORE THAN 120 MINUTES WERE SPENT. OK
N • ME* SAMPLE SUE. niCEHILES ME THE KICENTAGE Of DOERS MUM 0* EOUAk
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
• KfSKM)E«IS ANtUEXED fKtt'T
TO A C1VEH HUME* Of H1KUTES.
tourctt Tung Mid Kl*p*is, 1996.
5 I
I' !
§ it
a a
3- 4-
t
!
-------
,
4*
f
Tibtt 14-43. Dlitrlfautlon for tlw Iwfctr of Minute* Spent In « Parking C§nj« or Indoor Pirklng Lot
OKSP mm
WEMU
6ENOEI
KWE1
ME
MI
ME
ACE
ME
IMX
tACE
MCE
MCE
MCE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
CNPLOTNENT
EWlOtWNI
EWlOrMNI
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
KISUS KSIOt
CENSUS lEilDII
CEHSUS IESION
CENSUS IESION
PAT OF UEEK
tw or wa
IWSON
SEASON
It ASM
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTWU
MGIKA
ANGINA
MOMCM/EMPm
MOKN/EMHIVf
ewup oooe
llHALE
2:fENALE
1:1-*
215-11
3112-1?
4118-64
5:> 64
IrfMITE
2ISLACX
StASIAM
4:SOME OTNEI*
SiMISPANIC
0:W
1:YES
IsfUU TtHE
2:PA«T TIME
S!«OT EMPLOYED
1:< HIM SCHOOL
2:H1CM SCHOOL G8AD
Si< COLLEGE
4*OLLEGE awe.
51POST £MO,
liNORTNEAST
liNIOUEST
3:SOUT«
4«SI
liMEEKDAT
2;UEE«IIB
1:WINTEB
2:SPitiM
S:SUMCI
(IFAU
OlNO
1:TES
0:NO
1:TES
0:NO
1:TE£
,p.
w
118
154
11
20
IN
n
208
54
15
28
151
39
171
23
58
13
58
H
n
so
53
59
92
90
208
86
a
n
85
64
263
30
291
281
12
1
0
1
g
1
0
1
a
1
2
1
0
1
1
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
2
I
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
S
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
o.s
2.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
t°n
i.o
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
z.o
1.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
s.o
Pll
S.U
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
(.5
S.O
(.0
5.0
1.0
(.0
4.5
5.0
3.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
5.0
3.0
5.0
4.5
4.0
4.0
3.0
1.0
SO
1.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
?.S
5.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
9.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5,0
5.0
7.0
5.0
5.5
5.0
S.O
r.o
s.o
46.5
5.0
5.5
75
10
15
10
10
15
10
IS
10
11
60
15
20
10
30
10
10
20
10
30
15
10
10
to
10
10
IS
10
IS
10
15
IS
10
10
10
10
90
10
10
pa
30.0
60.0
20.0
10.0
45.0
4S.O
30.0
45.0
30.0
20.0
120.0
121.0
60.0
30.0
121.0
SO.O
30.0
40.0
SO.O
90.0
40.0
1S.O
12.5
30.0
30.0
30.0
45.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
60.0
10.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
90.0
30.0
60.0
PERCmUES
95 98
60.0
121.0
40.0
10.0
60.0
90.5
60.0
90.0
60.0
30.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
60.0
121.0
60.0
60.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
60.0
20.0
SO.O
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
30.0
120.0
90.0
4S.O
60.0
121.0
60.0
90.0
60.0
120.0
121
121
60
10
60
121
121
90
121
30
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
120
40
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
90
121
120
f>
121
121
120
10
60
121
121
90
121
30
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
90
121
120
100
121
121
121
10
60
121
121
90
121
30
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
90
121
120
KITE: . SIGNIFIES RtSSIKS DATA. A VALUE OF M21* F« WMEI OF MINUTES MINIFIES THAT MtE THAN 120 MtMJTES ICIE WENT. « . lESPONOENTS MSUTHFD -WM'T
noil*. KF * lESPONOENtS lErUSEO TO ANSUEI. N * ME! SAHPtE SIZE. PEUEITILES ME THE KDCCNTAGE Of DOCK KLOM 0* EQUAL TO A GIVEX MMCR of
(cure* i Ts*m
Kl*ptl(, 1996.
J*
3
J
"1
X
a
i-
* I
-------
T«M« 14-4*. Olitrlbutlon for th* Ni**»r of MnutH Spent talking Outside to • t»r In tht Brlvnny or OUUItfe Pirklng Are*-.
gOUP NAME
SENDER
CEHDEI
ACE
AGE
ASE
ASE
ACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
BSSE
HISPANIC
EMPLOtKNT
EMPLOIMENT
EMPLOTMENT
EDUCATION:
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS RESION
CENSUS RECION
CENSUS RESIGN
CENSUS REGION
DAT OF WEEK
DAI OF UEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTMW
AIBINA
ANBINA
MOWM/EMPim
•RONCN/EMPNTS
GROUP CODE
ItNAlf
2tFENUE
1:1-4
2l5-11
3:12-17
4:18-6*
Sl» 64
1:WITE
2tStACK
3lASI«t
4ISONE OTNER1
0:NO
l!«S
ItML TIME
IsMRT TIME
3:MT EMPLOTE5
1:< mm SCHOOL
2iNICN SCHOOL C*AO
3l< COLLEGE
4|CQLLEGE CHAD.
IlPOST «AO.
liMORTKEAST
2:NIDWST
31SOUTR
4IVEST
IsUEEKDAT
IlUEEKENO
1 SHINIER
IlSUfCR
4lFALL
OlRO
llfES
OEM
llTEl
Otm
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES Nl WINS DATA, A VALUE OF
KNOT. 1EF » RESPONDENTS REFUSES TO ANSWER.
teurc*! TMn|
mi Kl*l»lf. 1996.
! 1
JJOJ 0
1791 0
132 0
2303 0
373 0
S3 0
127 S
2SS 0
1613 0
312 0
93S 0
680 0
381 0
680 0
763 0
1149 0
711 0
2209 0
1094 0
655 0
190 0
993 0
655 0
3063 0
234 t
162 t
i i
o 5
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 5
o o
o g
0 0
0 0
o g
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1°
0
0
i
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
,2S
2.6
1.5
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
PERCENT I LES
M 75 99
1 It
4 19
2 S
S 10
3 10
% 10
S 10
S 10
5 10
S 10
5 10
S 10
S 10
S 10
4 10
S 10
S 10
4 19
S 10
S 10
S 10
29
29
20
15
IS
20
20
1$
20
10
IS
30
29
29
20
20
20
20
20
29
20
20
IS
15
IS
20
20
20
20
IS
20
20
IS
20
IS
29
IS
20
20
95
ill
39
30
20
30
30
30
30
30
20
30
30
30
60
30
45
30
39
39
SO
30
25
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
38
30
30
30
39
30
30
30
39
98
60
69
60
30
45
30
60
30
60
30
32
60
120
60
120
60
120
60
119
60
60
60
30
60
60
60
60
60
60
30
100
60
45
60
120
60
45
60
119
99
129
121
60
40
80
60
120
88
120
45
4S
120
121
120
121
120
121
60
121
121
120
60
120
90
120
90
120
120
120
100.
120
60
110
120
121
120
110
129
121
100
121
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
88
4S
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
119
121
121
•121- fl» MMER OF MINUTE! SIGNIFIES THAT MORE THAN 120 MINUTES MERE SPENT. DK • RESPONDENTS AUSUEKD tHJN'T
N » DOER SAMPLE SIZE. PERCENTUES ARE THE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS IELOU OR EOJAl TO A GIVEN KUMBEI OF MIMirCS.
S
I
I
!
s.
8*
3
-------
T«bU 14-45, Dlilrlbutlon far thi Nu*«r of Mlnutn Spent running or Miking Outtlde
FfKENIIlES
etflUP NAME
OVERALL
SEWER
SEWER
AGE
AC€
AGE
ACE
ACE
MCE
RACE
RACE
RACE
MCE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOTMENT
EJVLOTHENT
ENPIOTMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
tOUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REOIOH
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
BAT OF WEEK
BAT OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
AN81NA
IRONCH/EMPHTS
6ROUP COOE
1lNAlE
2:FEHALE
2JS-11
4i18-64
!l> M
liUNITE
tllLACK
31ASIAN
4ISOME OTHERS
StHlSPANIC
0:NO
tlTES
llFUlL TIME
2:M»T TIME
3:WiT EWLOTE0
1l« HIGH SCHOOL
ZsHISH SCHOOL CMS
J:< COLLEGE
4:COLLESE MAD.
SlPOST 6RAO.
1:NORTHEAST
ZiHIDUEST
3:SOUTH
4:HEST
1:UEE*DAT
tiyiNTER
Z:SPRINS
3:SINCR
4:FAU
0:HO
t:TES
0:RO
1>TES
0:»0
1iTES
H
1271
60S
US
12
1«9
110
m
U3
1051
111
21
23
35
1156
99
sir
112
300
97
28?
234
153
138
26S
2S6
412
310
843
430
312
403
396
162
1162
105
1240
25
1204
62
1
1
Z
0
3
5
0
1
1
0
2
K
2
•
|
0
j
1
0
0
1
1
1
J
i
i
^
i
0
1
f
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
j 5
1 3
! 5
Z
5
5
5
2
Z
3
3
10
10
3
2
2
2
3
3
2
2
S
I
3
S
3
3
3
4
2
4
3
2
3
5
3
S
3
E 4
10 25
S.O 15
10.0 20
5.0 IS
10.0 30
10.0 30
10.0 IS
S.O IS
S.O IS
S.O IS
S.O IS
10.0 15
15.0 20
10.0 20
S.O IS
10.0 20
.0 15
.0 15
.0 IS
.0 IS
.0 15
.0 15
1 .0 20
.0 IS
.0 20
.0 15
.0 IS
.5 IS
.0 IS
.0 20
.0 10
1 .0 20
1 .0 20
.0 15
.0 15
.0 15
.0 15
.0 15
S.O 15
S.O 15
5»
45.0
60.0
30.0
120.0
120.0
60.0
30.0
30.0
45.0
35.0
30.0
60.0
(0.0
45.0
60.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
45.0
37.5
45.0
40.0
45.0
45.0
40.0
60.0
42.S
60.0
SS.O
30.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
45.0
30.0
75
120
121
116
121
121
121
120
60
121
120
70
121
90
120
121
120
90
120
90
120
120
120
90
120
121
121
120
120
121
90
121
121
120
120
121
120
121
120
120
90
121
121
121
121
121
121
1Z1
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
95 98
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
99
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
' 121
121
121
121
121
121
121
100
1Z1
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
1 S
i I
MTEt . UNIFIES NISSIK DATA. A VALUE Of "121* FOt BUBE* OF MINUTES S1C3IFIES THAT KME THAN 120 MINUTES UE*E SPENT. DK • HCSpmOEUTS
-------
Tabl* 14-46. Distribution for the Ntufcer of Minutes Spent Harking for Piy
am* NAME.
OVERALL
GENDER
CEKH-R
ME
AGE
AGE
Mil
AGE
RACE
MCE
MIX
RACE
MCE
HISPANIC
Ml SPA* 1C
EWLOTHENI
EMM.OTNENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS BES108
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS IES1W
CENSUS RESIGN
BAT OF MEEK
PAT OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANfitNA
NRONCH/EMPtlTl
IRONCH/tWKII
GROUP CODE
umiE
{(FEMALE
1;1-4
2sS-11
I«12-17
4118-64
So M
1:HHIK
2:ILACK
3:AS!AN
4ISONE OTHERS
SiHismwic
OlNO
ItTES
ItFUU. TINE
21PAAI TIRE
I SNOT ENPLOTEB
1l< HI CM SCHOOL
2IKIOK SCHOOL GXAD
Il< COLLEGE
4:OUEGE GRAB.
SiPOSI GMD.
1:NORTKEAST
ZiNIDUEST
liSOUTN
«:UEST
ItMEEIDAT
ZtHEEtENP
1:WI«TE«
ZiSMING
StSWME*
4iFAll
OtNO
tiTES
OtNO
llTES
OtNO
1tTfS
•
4896
1466
2410
0
0
14
4<2S
151
3990
4W
76
8?
1M
44H
HI
40»
101
a
SOS
IS9S
1Z51
9!4
T16
10%
1118
un
1007
1306
1590
1306
wr
1M3
10SO
4S79
302
4811
M
4699
182
]
6
0
0
s
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
8 "
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
__JS_
Tzrir
18.0
15.0
10.0
18.0
15.0
12.0
8.0
30.0
12.0
15.0
16.0
10.0
14.0
12.0
12.0
to.o
12.0
10.0
1S.O
14.5
12.0
12.0
12.0
PEKCENTUES
25 50 H
U!B
40.0
3S.O
32.0
3S.O
32.0
33.0
32.0
40.0
32.0
30.0
40.0
15.0
12.0
32.0
35.0
33.0
33.0
32.0
IS. 0
32.0
14.0
34.0
33.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
21.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
20.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
50
53
41
24
50
40
SO
46
SO
50
48
50
50
50
10
48
48
SO
SO
SO
50
SO
SO
SO
50
48
50
50
48
50
50
48
SO
44
50
48
90
60
it
55
26
60
50
60
60
61
60
60
60
60
60
38
61
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
95
61
61
60
31
61
61
61
61
61
61
60
61
61
61
40
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
98
61
61
61
11
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
??
1)
61
61
31
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
100
61
61
61
f
31
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
.
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
NOTE! ••• SIGNIFIES RISSINO DATA. A VALUE Of '61' fat HUME* or MINUTES SIGNlflES THAT MOKE THAN 60 MINUTES WERE SPENT. WC • IESI>ONOENTS ANSUE»ED *«M'T
nau*. UF • KSPCMOCNTS IEFUSE8 TO MSUE«. N • Mil SAMPLE SUE, KMENHIES AIE THE KiCENTASE OF DOERS IE LOU OR EMM. TO A GIVEN NWIE1 Of HINUIES.
Saurctt TMflf tntf KI*p*ls, 1996.
i.
a
-
I
*
I
a
-------
T«bl» 14-47. Olttrltutton tor «h* Nurfxr of Mtrutti Spent Worktnt for My Ittuwn 6PM >nd MN
enow HUE
OVEMU
SENOII
ami*
ACE
A6E
AGE
ABE
A5E
MIX
MCE
MIX
tACE
MCE
MlSMiie
HISPANIC
EimOTNENT
twumeiT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
t DUCAT IW
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS tECION
CENSUS tESlGN
CENSUS IEGIM
CENSUS tECION
BAY Of KEK
BAT Of WEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
KASON
ASTHMA
ASTHIA
ANCINA
AMHNA
MONCN/EMPim
MONCN/EMmS
CKJUP COCE
IsHAlE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
ZiS-11
3i1MT
4:18-64
J:> 64
llUHITE
ZilUCK
3:ASIAN
4:$ONE OTNEtS
SiNISPANIC
OjIM
HTM
1lFULl TIME
ZiPMT TIM
3:WT EMPLOIED
1:< MISK SCHOOL
liUSH SCHOOL CJW
3:< COLLEGE
4:COltE
-------
Table 1«-4B. Olitrtfaution for Nuiter of Hlnutet Uorltd Outdoori
OtOUP MANE
OVERALL
CEHOER
CENOED
AGE
AM
AGE
AGE
AEE
DACE
RACE
RACE
IMS
RACE
N1SPMIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOTMENT
tMPLOTMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS DE6IQN
CENSUS DEEION
CENSUS DEGIM
CENSUS REGION
DAT Of WEIK
DAT Of UEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTMM
ANSINA
ANBINA
IROKCH/EMPKTJ
noNCN/EMPNTS
GROUP CODE
1:HALE
2:rENALE
1:1*4
2*5-11
1:12-17
4:18-64
!:> 64
2:DLACK
ItASIAN
4:SOME OTHERS
SiNISPANIC
0;NO
llTES
tirULL TIKE
2:PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOTED
1:< NIGH SCHOOL
2:KICT SCHOOL CRAD
S:< COLLEGE
4iCOUEGE CRAD.
5: POST GAAD.
liMRTNEAST
liSOUTN
4:ICSI
1:UEEKDAT
IsUEEKEID
llUINTER
3 'SUMMER
4 "FALL
O.MQ
llTES
0;NO
1iT£S
0:VO
llTES
N
4891
2463
Z428
0
0
14
181
I98i
499
75
87
194
4489
341
4090
801
0
108
1594
1251
953
716
1094
1117
1674
1006
3105
1536
1305
1195
1341
1050
4576
300
4806
66
4694
182
1
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
,
y
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PERCENT ILK
25 50 75 90 95 98 99
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.0
16.0
2.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
16.1
6.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
4.0
1.0
2.0
30
42
30
29
30
25
t
17
10
10
35
35
15
51
40
10
20
25
30
12
33
32
30
25
30
16
10
30
11
30
15
10
10
50
68
12
0
SO
60
SO
48
30
40
50
48
60
50
10
61
60
46
15
IS
40
50
55
50
50
48
50
SO
50
45
50
50
50
50
SO
60
61
61
55
0
61
61
61
61
43
48
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
SO
60
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
0
61
61
61
61
&1
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
100
61
61
61
f
9
0
61
61
61
61
g|
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
WKt •.' StOfimS NItSIM DATA. * VALUE Of •«!* M HUME* Of HINUtEl SI&NiriES THAT MORE THAN 60 MINUTES WERE SPENT. »K •
DESPONDENT! ANSUEREO "OCVT WOW. Kf * RESHNOENtS DEFUSED TO ANSWER. N • DOER SAMPLE SUE. KDCENTUES ME THE PERCENTAGE OF
MEDS KlOU OR IOUAI TO A
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Itblm 14-49. Frtqutncy of Swtpine or Vicuu»infl Floon
FREO Of SWEEPIM-VACUUMING FLOORS
1:ALN-
OST 2:3-5 4:1-2
EVERY TIKES 3t1-2 A StLESS 6s«EV-
BAY A WEEK A WEEK NOHTH OFTEN ER
RESPO-
OVEMLL
2-FEKAI.E
9:REF
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> &4
*»«rw-» • 4f B «.».«..
1 (WHITE
2:1LACK
3;AS!AM
4:SOH£ OTHERS
5;K1SPAHIC
9:REF
Dim
IsYES
8:DK
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
•
IsFUlL TIHi
2:PART TtMC
3:HOT EMPLOYED
9lB£F
EOUCATIOH
*
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAB
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE C8AO,
5: POSt CRAB.
-- CENSUS REGION
1 :NORIH£AST
2:MIBUEST
3:SQUTN
4iUEST
— BAY OF UEEK
1 -.WEEKDAY
Z:UEEHW
nuiHm
2:S?HtlMG
3lSUMdt
4:FALL
OiNO
liTES
OlHO
1:YES
BsDK
-- IMNCK/EMH1YS
OiNO
Ijtli
8iMC
MOTE: . » HISSIHS
Sourcw Tung md
ALL
H
4663
2163
2498
2
84
263
348
326
2972
670
3774
463
77
96
193
60
4244
347
26
46
...
926
2017
379
1309
32
««*
1021
399
1253
895
6SO
445
**
1048
1036
1601
978
...
3156
1507
1264
1181
1275
943
4287
341
35
4500
12S
38
-•
4424
203
36
DATA; OK
Klip.li.
HO.
V
921
415
SOS
1
16
96
115
82
524
88
641
167
11
26
68
8
799
106
8
8
290
291
82
256
2
314
110
269
130
64
34
236
156
376
153
631
2W
2£8
217
251
185
821
95
5
892
21
8
871
45
5
• COM
1996.
RESPO- RESPO- RESPO- RESPO-
KB.
N
1108
520
583
-
11
74
107
as
723
110
879
115
15
29
61
9
988
107
3
10
267
486
82
263
10
285
91
302
223
132
75 5
230
249
403
226
765
343
309
286
312
201
1013
88
7
1080
23
5
1064
39
5
T uou;
no. w>
K II
2178
976
" 1201
1
41
88
120
144
1420
365
1868
150
39
32
55
34
2035
110
11
22
342
1018
177
626
15
384
162
591
438
346
257
^
484
527
707
460
1458
720
$57
540
596
465
2030
133
15
2098
63
17
2063
99
16
II • SAMPLE
373
201
172
.
12
4
6
15
252
84
324
19
8
8
7
7
345
21
2
5
24
184
34
127
4
31
20
69
93
93
67
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14-60
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
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SAMPLE SIZE
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
U61
-------
Volume III ~ Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activitv Factors
T*bU H-51. Muifctr of s«P«rit«
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Page
14-62
Exposure Factors Handbook
Auras* 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table H-52. Frequency of Using •
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Sourc*: T*ww and tl«p»U, 1996.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-63
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T*blt 14-53. Frequency of Kuhing BitiiM by Hand
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-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T»M* 14-J4. Frequency of Uaihing Cloth« (n * Uashing N*cMn»
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fouroi Tun« md KUp«i«, 1996,
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-65
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Tabl* 14-55. Rmot of Ni*b*r of MinutM Spent Pliyina on S*nd or Crawl
OVERALL
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MOTE: *.* SIGNIFIES HIKING SATA. MC • RESPONDENTS ANS1C8EB *eaNT OKU". HCF « KSKMDEnS
REFUSED TO ANSMEK. H - DOER SAMPLE SIZE IN SPECIFIED RANGE OF NUOER Of MMiTES SPEHT. A VALUE OF
•121* FOE HUMUI OF HINUTEt SIGNIFIES THAT MORE THAN 120 MINUTES HERE tfUT.
Source: 'Tung «nd KliptU, 1996.
Page
14-66
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
I
Tibia H-56. OIjtHbutlon for Iht Nu*«f of Nlnutc* Spent M«y1ng In Sand or travel
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Will *.* tiniFltS MtStlN MM. * VALUE « *12I" m HUNK* OF NIMITES lIQUFUt TNAT W»t IHW ItO MINUTES MRE IPEKT. OK *
IESKMDENTI AISUEKO •DON'T OOP, BEF * RESPONOEM* REFUSED TO ANSWER. • • DOCT MHN.E UK. FiACENTRES ARE THE KKEKTMX Of
60EM KUH M BUM. TO A IIVEN MME* OF HIMITEI.
•ouretj ?um ml (lq»lt, t»«.
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T«blt
OVERALL
UMAIE
2: FEMALE
9:REF
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
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NOTE: *.• SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. DK « RESPONDENTS ANSWEREO *OMT KNOW. UF » KSPOOHTt
REFUSED TO AUSMCR. H * HEX SAMPLE I1ZE IN SPECIFIED RANGE OF NUMBER Of MINUTE* 1ftXT. A VALUE OF
•121' FOR NUNU* OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES THAT MORE THAN 120 NINUTEf (ORE SKNT.
SOUTM: Tung and Kl*p*ft, 1996.
Page
14-68
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
T«bl« 14-S8. OUtrlbutloo for th» Nwtar of Ninutt* Spent PUylm In Dirt
now WINE
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GIVEN HMKR 01 KINUIEI.
SMircti TMna «nd KltptU, 1996.
f«*
•I
5s
R
3
a a
!
!
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T«bl« 14-59. R«nst of tht Ninutn Spent Working ffl * <"•«
Working with Soil
0
TO TO
0 24
ALL BES. RES.
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ANSUEX. H • DOER SAMPLE SIZE IH SPECIFIED RAHCE OF KUK8ER Of NIMUTEt SPENT.
Page
14-70
Exposure Factors Handbook
Angus* 1996
-------
It
ll
T«bl* H-60. Otitrlbutlon ler Mi« Muter of Nlnutct Spent Worktnf in * S*rden or Othtr Clremtance* Working tilth Salt
GWUP NAME
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KRCENTIIEI ME THE KRCEITAGE Of BOERS BELOH OR EQUAL TO A CIVIN NUMER OF HINUTES.
Saurtfi
mi rltp«l«, 1W6.
3
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c
3
I a
J f
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T*bl» U-61. Rme* of Nwtor of NinutM Sptne Pitying an CrM>
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SIGNIFIES THAT KXE THAN 120 MINUTES VEU SPENT.
Source:
ml
1996.
Page
14-72
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Tibt* 14-62. Distribution for the Nuidcr of Minutes Spent Pitying on Grist
crow witt
OffiMU
CENDEft
CENOEt
AGE
AGE
AGE
ME
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60.0
60.0
3S.O
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
120.0
121.0
120.0
120.0
121.0
120.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
TO.8
30.0
120.0
110.0
121.0
100.0
121.0
120.0
121.0
1Z0.5
121.0
60.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
121.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
120.0
120.S
120.0
120.0
121.0
90
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
- ?5 ,„
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
«8,
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
99
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
100
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
mil
nou*.
'.- I1MIMES HI SSI «0 DATA. A VALUE Of "121* KM M*B£R OF KIKJTES SI6H1F1ES THAT MORE THAN 120 HtMJTES WM SPENT. BK • tfSMNDfNTS ANSUEM0 •OON'T
Kf - tESKMDENTS REFUSED TO ANSUEI. N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE. KRCENTHES ARE THE PERCENTAGE OF BOCK «ELW OR EDUAL TO A GIVEN tttME* OF MINUTES.
fwnt lung nd Kl*p*lt, 19M,
a
I
3
n>
a
4
I
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T»bl« 14-63. Th« NiMfctr of limn Suiming in • Month In FrMhMttr Stiiming Pool
t Of TINES SWINMINC
....•..........
14 15 16 18 20 23
OVERALL
1:MALE
2:FEMLE
9:REF
AGE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
S:> 64
1:WHITE
2:ILAK
3:ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
5:HISPANIC
9:REF
HISPANIC
0:NO
1;YES
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
i-.rmi TINE
2: PART TIKE
3: NOT EMPLOTED
9:REF
— EDUCATION
i:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL G(AD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE CUD.
5: POST GRAD.
— CENSUS REGION --
1: NORTHEAST
2:MIDUEST
3:SOUTH
4:UEST
— DAY OF MEEK —
1:UEEKDAY
2:UEEKENO
1:U1NTER
jt SPRING
3:SUMKER
"--- ASTHMA
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
AKCIKA
0:NO
1:YES
ALL
N
653
1
100
555
30
12
35
8
591
55
j
18
43
122
ill
93
71
136
B
152
*8
'8
"n
6
RES- 1
PON- 1
N
147
S
1?
M
11
11
126
2
135
in
7
47
1
3
H
12
132
14
"3
1
ES- 1
>ON- 1
94
47
i
1
?
81
11
7
41
ii
15
22
8
12
81
90
j
IES- 1
>ON- F
73
S
{
64
7
68
10
21
i
17
I]
*57
73
ES- (
"ON- t
47
if
i
27
44
7
44
I
18
ii
10
if
43
47
*
ES- 1
>ON- F
42
26*
6
1
1
6
35
6
!!
17
I
12
6
38
1
ES- 1
ON- F
26
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1
4
11
25
1
25
12
10
12
3
15
f
26
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11
6
i
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i
•
10
j
3
1
1
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ES- R
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26
1?
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23
1
1
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11
4
TO
12
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U
ES- 1
ON- I
2
2
\
i
2
•
2
2
2
i
\
i
2
2
ES- t
•ON- P
38
&
i
ON- P
27
16
11
1
21
^
24
1
15
2
4
8
•!
*i
26
ES- R
ON- P
2
1
2
1
•
2
2
i
1
!
2
2
ES- RES
ON- PON-
2 2!
. 1C
2 15
! J
2 1;
;
* 1
.
! i
1 1
• ;
\ !
2
; i
i
2 2
2 2>
RES-
PON-
k
1
.
1
i
1
.
.
i
.
.
• i
i
i
s |
1 !
I 1
1 .
— IMNCM/EMPHYS
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
40
zi
238227222522
• • 1 • • • Z • •
1 . . . .
[COMTINUEOI
Page
14-74
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume 111 -Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
14-43.
IMf
»ii« «n « «««ti *" »r«5h«*Mr s«in«in« Pool
0 OF TIKES
24 25 26 28 29 30 31
RES- RES- RES' RES' RES- RES- RES
POM- POM- PON- PC*- POM- POM- POM
B. D. B. B. D. 0. 0.
OVERALL 1 9 2 1 1 24
1:NAU ,421 .10
»Li ! : : ! r
i:i-4 : : : : i i
EftS •:.•:- 7 .1 i : il
RACE • - .
litmilE 1 9 Z 1 1 19
IHISWUIIC ..... |
OlHO 19 2 1 1 20
IsTIS ...».«
:- Wimam 121.1,
3:NOT EMPLOYES 1 1 . . 6
— EDUCATION
122.1?
1:< KICK SCHOOL 1
2.-HIGH SCHOOL GSAD 1 ... 4
3:< COLLEGE 4 ... 4
-- CENSUS REGION --
UHORTNEAST 2 1 . . 2
2iNIDUEST 1 ... 4
3:SOUTK 14.119
4:IIEST 2 ? . . 11
— OAT Or MEEK ™
1:UEEKDAT 171 1 .19
ZlWEEttKD .21.17
2:SPR1HG i . . . S
3:SUW* 1 7 1 . 1 21
4SFALI . . . . . 2
ASTHMA
0:110 1 91 1 1 S
elll* , . 1 . . |
ANGINA
OJJIO 19 2 1 1 24
IsYES
-• MOHCK/ENPIITS •-
O-.MO 1 9 2 1 1 23
ISTiS 3
8tM
SUIHNINfi
32 40 42 45 50 60 OK
? I 1 1 1 1 2 1
: ! ; : : i : :
!• : M ! : ! 1
2122. 2 5
? ! ! ? i ! ! 1
2 ! 2 i i ! ! I
1 ... 1 1 1
: : : \ : : \ \
i : 2 i . : : ?
!:!!:::!
! i ! : i ! i t
* ! 1 i ! ! ? i
. : . i : i i i
112.1.13
2 1 2 2 1 . 2 S
2 1 2 1 I 1 2 S
21221124
MOTEt . • NISSIHS DATA; K » OONT
Sourui Tung and KUfMU, 19M.
ttOU; X • «OW KteEHTAaE; 1 • SAVLE SIZE
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
14-75
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-64. Av*rig« Mount of It** Actually Scant in the yittr by Saitmtn
0 10 20 30 40 30 60 70 M 90 110 150 ISO 181
TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO
itf 20* *SO 40 10 60 70 80 90 100 120 ISO 180 181
AIL KS. «£S. IES. US. Its. US. RiS. US. US. RES, RES. RES. IES. RES. IES.
M N H H
62 75 120 20
N * N M H M N
39 131 > 2 31 2 68
II N
32 40
OVERALL
1:KAIE
2: FEMALE
9:REF
CINOER
ACE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
Ss> 64
RACE
1:IMITE
2:SLACX
3:A$IAN
4:SOC OTHERS
5 :HI SPAN 1C
9IREF
----- HISPANIC —
0:110
1:TES
8: DC
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
IjFUU TIME
2:««T TINE
3:»OT fWiOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION —
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:M!C« SCHOOL CRAB
3:< COLLEGE
4ICOLLEGE CRAD.
5: POST CHAD.
-- CENSUS USION
1:MORTHEAST
2:NIMCST
3ISOUTH
4tl*iT
— OAT Of KK -
1:UEEKDAY
SEASON
1:UIMTER
2;SPtlNG
3:SUHHER
4; FALL
OlMO
1:YES
8:DC
0:HO
1:YES
ASTHNA
AM6INA
— IROHCM/EMPHtS
O-.KO
1:TEI
8)DK
653 13
10
300
352
1
8
£3
100
84
360
38
555
30
13
12
35
8
591
55
2
5
243
240
43
122
s
257
16
112
104
93
71
136
130
23S
152
445
208
62
174
363
54
590
56
7
639
<
6
421
26
6
S
7
i
1
3
$
1
3
7
3
B
1
2
11
1
^
9
3
1
9
1
2
1
2
3
8
11
2
2
3
7
1
12
1
.
13
-
13
m
31
31
2
5
3
3
45
4
S3
1
1
1
5
1
57
5
11
31
16
^
13
4
12
15
8
10
12
10
20
20
45
17
6
21
29
«
52
9
1
60
2
56
5
1
38
37
1
12
2
7
50
67
1
1
2
4
.
67
8
20
29
10
16
22
2
10
16
IS
10
17
17
19
22
52
23
6
24
36
9
71
3
1
73
2
72
3
60
60
2
12
12
10
75
9
105
4
3
1
4
3
108
10
2
34
SI
12
21
2
35
3
16
27
21
18
28
27
37
28
82
38
10
37
64
9
114
4
2
118
1
1
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4
1
6
14
1
5
2
8
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18
B
1
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19
1
8
4
1
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S
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3
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2
19
f
1
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1
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17
22
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4
6
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3
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m
2
1
35
3
1
13
14
3
8
1
15
.
8
4
6
6
9
8
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7
23
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3
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4
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1
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76
8
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15
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9
109
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120
10
1
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8
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m
.
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24
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1
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1
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29
2
16
a
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5
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1
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1
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39
_
11
6
10
2
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26
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13
44
4
M
3
t
66
1
1
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1
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1
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1
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7
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1
2
3
1
4
2
8
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17
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3
11
6
12
26
1
i
4
.
28
4
19
10
3
20
.
5
2
4
1
9
7
12
4
22
10
1
6
S
2
26
6
32
•
30
2
IS
25
3
8
6
20
1
30
5
1
2
2
34
S
1
19
12
4
S
20
2
10
2
5
1
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S
18
7
27
IS
3
7
25
5
31
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39
f
1
17
3
MOTE! . SIGNIFIES MISSING OATA. Bt » RESPONDENTS AHSUfRED DON'T KKOU . KT » RESPOHDCNTt REFUSED TO MSUER. H * BOB! WMPU
SIZE IN SPECIFIED RANGE OF WMSER Of MINUTES SPENT. VALUES Of 120 , 150 , AW 180 FOR MMER OF NIKUTK JICHIFY THAT 2 KOURt,
2.$ HOURS, MB 3 HOURS, RESPECTIVELY, ICRE SWNT.
Seure*: Tung *nd Kl«»i», 1996.
Page
14-76
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
% 8
I
t
T«b1« H-65. rh* Ny*«r of lint* Sylmlng In * Month In Frfdmttr SKlining Pool
OJOUP NAME
OVERAU
GENDER
CENDER
AGE
AGE
ME
ME
AGE
RACE
RACE
MCE
MCE
USX
HISPANIC
mSMllC
EKPUHMENT
ENPtOfflENT
EHPUmCNT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAT Of UEEK
DAT Of ICEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTKNA
MINNA
ANGINA
ANGINA
IRQNCN/ENPIfTS
8ROKCN/EMPKTS
CROW CODE
llMALE
2>FENALE
111-*
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
So 64
liUNITE
2>8tAOC
3:ASIM
«ISWE omes
StNISPANIC
OlNO
IsfIS
ISAM. TIME
2lP«T TINE
3lNQt EKPLOTED
1:< NIGH SCHOOL
2:NiGti semen GRAO
3:< COLLEGE
4 (COLLEGE GRAO.
SsPOST GRAO.
ItNORTHEAST
21N1DWEST
3:SOUTN
4iUEST
llWEEKDAT
2sUEEKEm
liUINTER
2fSPRINS
SlSUNKI
4lFAll
OlNO
llTES
SlNO
KTES
0:NO
ItTES
Want . SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. A VALUE Of
OKU . REF * RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSWER.
N
640
29S
34S
60
95
83
3S7
38
948
27 1
13
12
34
580
S4
237
43
121
16
111
102
92
71
134
127
227
»2
434
206
60
171
3S6
SS
578
SS
626
S
10,0
8.C
10.0
7.5
20.0
1S.O
S.O
8.0
10.0
1 1S.O
4.0
2.8
S.O
10.0
S.O
S.O
S.O
1.0
1.0
8.0
S.O
10.0
10 10.0
'" 10.0
10.0
S.O
S.O
8.0
10.0
S.O
S.O
10.0
10 10.0
10.0
4.0
3 10.0
8 IS IS 1S.O
608 3 3 10.0
61 FOR MMSER Of NINUTES
10
1S.O
10.0
15.0
15.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
1S.O
30.0
20.0
is.a
10.0
ts.o
1S.O
10.0
1S.O
10.0
2.0
10.0
10.0
1S.O
10.0
1S.O
1S.O
1S.O
10.0
10.0
1S.O
12.S
10.0
1S.O
10.0
1S.O
10.0
1S.O
1S.O
1S.O
SIGNIFIES
25
30.0
30.0
10.0
20.0
4S.O
40.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
60.0
30.0
2S.O
20.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
12.S
30.0
20.0
22.S
20.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
30.0
30.0
2S.O
30.0
«M
.0
THAT
N • DOER SAMPLE SI2E. PERCENTILES ARE THE
SO
60.0
4S.O
60.0
42.S
60.0
60.0
45.0
40.0
4S.O
60.0
60.0
60.6
60,0
60.0
S2.S
4S.a
30.0
4S.O
30,0
60.0
30.0
42.S
30.0
45.0
4S.O
60.0
4S.O
60.0
60.0
S2.S
40.0
60.0
4S.O
SS.O
60.0
60.0
42.S
60.0
«•
*»
NONE THAN
rs
90.0
90.0
90.0
120.0
120.0
120.0
60.0
60.0
90.0
1SO.O
60.0
150.6
120.0
90.0
120.0
60.0
90.0
60.0
40.5
90.0
60.0
40.5
60.0
120.0
90.0
120.0
61.0
90.0
90.0
90.0
60.0
120,0
70,0
90.0
120.0
90.0
75.0
90.0
MM
.H
60 NINUTES
PERCENTAGE OF DOERS
90 95
180 161 .0
180 161.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
120 181.0
120 120.0
ISO 181.0
181 181 .0
120 181.0
181 181,0
180 181.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
1SO 181.0
120 181.0
120 180.0
181 181.0
180 181.0
120 120.0
ISO 181.0
70 120.0
180 181.0
150 180.0
180 181.0
120 180.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
120 160.5
120 180.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
180 181.0
120 120.0
180 181.0
••« am n
IOI 101 ,0
VERE SPENT. DK
98
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
18!
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
180
181
180
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
120
181
99
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
120
181
«••
101
« RESPONDENTS
RELOU OR EQUAL TO A
100
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
181
120
is:
I Jit
id*
INSUTIFO £•*•'
GIVEN DUHBI* 01 »ir "' •
TMIV «d Kltptli, 1996.
18
3
*- fi:
• i
^ ;t».
a s
§. s
f
I
-------
tibU «-«4. Ititlstlci for 24-Noor CwuUtlvt Kwbcr of Nlnutet In i K»ln Job
CROUf HANS
ALL
CEI1DEK
GENDER
ACE
ACE
AW:
ME
AGE
ME
RACE
HACK
IrHI'K
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
census REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
MM INK
ANGINA
IIHONCII/KMPHYS
HRONCH/Btl'HYS
IIRONCH/OWIYS
enow cooi
INHALE
2: FEMALE
ltI-4
2:5-11
l!l2-17
4sll-(4
5i> (4
liHHITE
2: BLACK
JsASlAN
4:SOME OTHERS
S:HtSPANIC
SiREF
0:110 •
liYES
8:OK
»>RIF-
1 i FULL TIME
2: PART TINE
1:NOT EMPLOYED
9;REF
it< HIOH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAB
1st COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
1 s NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
.1: SOUTH
4s«BST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
liHMTER
2;SPRtNO
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NQ
IsYSS
8;DK
0;NQ
1:¥ES
I:DK
0:NO
IsYSS
S:OR
H
1259
1713
1526
10
3
10
31
299)
m
2(30
141
57
S«
125
41
29(0
221
1J
46
47
2679
395
112
26
106
217
1045
755
627
487
721
755
1242
641
2798
471
1(4
791
910
(94
1042
195
22
1192
44
23
1120
IK
23
WAX
475.90*
492. JOS
457.281
472.375
16. ((7
150.400
29 J. 151
414.122
366.148
477.536
464,551
464. 05J
477,411
4(5,610
492.011
475,393
481.491
$29.533
463.522
257.915
504.350
164.587
270.946
S1J.577
14J.OJ7
473.502
482.030
475.585
484.526
403,041
475.964
477.008
479.211
470.415
487.850
405.180
475. 784
472.972
477.115
477,739
477.013
4S1.354
523.182
475.715
472.068
507.391
476.547
446.991
53S.217
S'
179
IK
167
III
11
115
180
171
20 8
179
175
177
181
115
191
179
174
146
201
202
164
159
216
155
211
216
110
174
159
169
180
112
17C
177
166
229
172
195
179,
165.
17«.
204,
216,
17«.
200.
210.
171.
189.
22C.
tow
0(7
996
.740
.291
.547
.796
.£11
.0*1
.656
.010
.919
.105
,661
.322
.621
.214
.120
,22(
,147
.113
.811
.361
.024
.456
.179
.729
.(18
.025
,816
.574
,840
.167
.719
.101
.167
.526
.121
.425
,907
,961
1(7
227
952
319
610
296
194
111
256
stmxit
3.1167
4.4919
4.2940
20.491)
S 6667
58.7540
29.3103
3.1611
17.9S82
3.4906
9.5025
21.4146
24.2754
16.5757
27.CSI4
1.2829
11.7260
42.2117
29.6S70
29.58(1
1.1841
8.0181
20.412]
30.4675
20.1881
14.7125
5.5879
6.3720
(.3824
7.8470
6.7348
6.6297
5.2100
7.0227
1.1470
10.S760
S.8797
(.9485
5.9639
6.2998
3.2086
14. (250
46.2542
1.1574
30,2536
48.0200
3.J902
17.5«3(
47.1777
HIH
I
1
2
S
10
2
S
1
S
1
5
S
45
2
SO
1
2
295
10
2
1
5
4
170
2
4
1
2
5
1
1
2
1
S
1
2
5
1
1
2
I ,
5
170
1
10
SO
1
s
170
|. .......... PUCCHTILtS--.
KAX 5 25 SO 75 JO
1440 120.0 395 0 500.0 570.0 (CO.O
1440 120,0 417,0 S10.0 S9S.O C90.0
1440 120.0 190.0 485.0 S43.0 (20.0
940 117. S 377.5 482. S 5(0.0 *72.S
10 10,0 10.0 10,0 10.0 10,0
550 2.0 10,0 (7,5 2(4.0 447.5
840 15.0 I8S.O 265.0 190.0 510.0
1440 140.0 420,0 S05.0 570.0 6(0.0
990 10.0 1(5.0 195.0 500. 0 (00.0
1440 120.0 400.0 SOO.O 570,0 6(0.0
1017 105. 0 390.0 490.0 550.0 655.0
•70 45.0 190.0 491,0 SS1.0 ((0.0
855 75.0 415.0 S10.0 570.0 (iO.O
840 9S.O 360.0 485.0 580.0 720.0
9S7 120.0 410.0 507.5 575.0 810.0
1440 120.0 195.0 500.0 570. 0 6(0.0
1106 150.0 405, 0 505.0 S80.0 (70,0
757 295.0 425.0 554.0 610.0 710.0
8(0 115.0 350.0 497.5 585.0 790.0
840 S.O (5.0 245.0 390.0 540.0
1440 180.0 450.0 510.0 S82.0 67S.O
945 80.0 250.0 365.0 480.0 540.0
990 9.0 82, S 245.0 177,5 (00.0
840 225.0 440,0 510.0 570.0 778.0
8(0 10,0 176.5 342.5 510.0 610.0
1440 85.0 3CO.O 48S.O $61.0 710.0
1440 120.0 405.0 SOO.O 5(5.0 670.0
1440 140.0 409.0 495.0 561. 0 (48.0
1005 120.0 424.0 510.0 570.0 645.0
945 125.0 400.0 510.0 $90,0 6SO.O
1440 120.0 405,0 495.0 570.0 (($,0
1440 120.0 195.0 495.0 S70.0 (60.0
1440 105.0 405.0 505,0 S70.0 660 0
1080 120.0 190,0 500,0 $70.0 651.0
1440 155.0 425,0 505.0 570.0 6(0,0
1440 10.0 245.0 415.0 555.0 (70,0
1440 150.0 190.0 495.0 570.0 660.0
1440 75.0 390.0 49S.O 570,0 (70.0
1215 120.0 400.0 500.0 565.0 670,0
1005 130.0 405.0 510.0 S70.0 (45.0
1440 120.0 400.0 500.0 S70.0 (SO.O
1440 45.0 145-.0 480.0 SSO.O (68,0
1215 225.0 410.0 SOO.O 5(5.0 780.0
1440 120.0 195.0 $00.0 S70.0 660.0
990 (0.0 386. 0 SOO.O 572. S (79.0
121S 170.0 410.0 500.0 565.0 780.0
1440 120.0 400.0 SOO.O 570.0 (60.0
985 10,0 367.5 410.0 557.5 644.0
1215 225.0 410.0 500.0 (00.0 8(0.0
95
740
770
(90
850
10
5SO
(75
74S
660
715
715
750
7(5
750
140
740
740
757
818
(25
750
600
675
790
675
79S
765
750
720
710
740
750
735
730
740
770
715
765
750
720
740
791
8(0
740
710
8(0
740
720
(75
SI
140
190
785
900
10
550
840
840
840
845
810
780
780
825
957
850
' 825
757
8(0
840
855
675
795
840
840
940
R90
825
765
810
190
82S
840
(50
840
870
835
850
890
780
140
iss
1215
840
»90
1215
840
BOO
1215
1
»9
9JO
955
ISO
940
30
550
840
S30
940
931
990
•70
8SS
840
957
940
140
757
860
840
950
795
•70
140
840
1080
S79
905
815
•to
950
940
900
880
910
960
900
915
979
840
930
979
1215
910
990
1215
910
855
1215
NOTE.- A -.- SIGNIFIES MISSING OATH. "OK" • RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KMOH«. -REF" . REFUSED DATA. H » DOER SAMPLE S128- MEAH . MEAN 24-11011*
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS, STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STEBR « STANDARD ERROR. MIN « MINIMUM NIJHBBR Of MINUTES. MAX . KAXIMtiH
HUMBER OF MINUTES. PERCENTILES ARB PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOH OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES,
Source: Its* end Sltptlt, !9$i.
TO
f
s. s.
I I-
I I
-------
Table 14-6F. Statlttfcs for 24-Xour CututiHvt Nuibtr of Minutes Spent In Food Preparation
CROUP NAME
GROUP CODE
STDEV STDERR KIN KAJC
PERCEHTILES
50 75 9t
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
ABE
AGE
ACi
ACE
AOE
AGE
RACE
HACE
RACE
RACE
HACK
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EHPLOifHENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTIMA
ASTHMA
ASTIMA
ANGINA
AUUINA
ftllG I HA
HRONCH/EMPHYS
IIRONCH/EMPIIYS
MtONCII/EHHttS
i:MAt,E
2; FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
):12-1J
4:18-64
5i> 64
1:HK1TB
2 • BLACK
I: ASIAN
4. -SOME OTHERS
S:I1!SPANIC
9:REF
0;NQ
I: YES
8:DK
»:R£F
Is FULL TIHi
2: PART TIME
1 sHOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
lie HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL CRAB
):« COLLEGE
4s COLLEGE C(UU>.
S: POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2:MIDWEST
1: SOUTH
4.-HEST
1: WEEKDAY
J: WEEKEND
liHIKTER
2:SPRINO
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
O.NO
i. -Yes
8:DK
0:NO
liYES
8:DK
OtHO
1 -.YES
1:BK
4279
1)42
29)6
)4
24
CO
1JI
)I7)
796
3584
177
62
66
132
57
3960
2S«
20
44
210
1988
419
1626
35
291
450
1449
954
(59
475
95)
95C
1452
917
29*5
1283
1174
10)1
1147
919
)948
300
30
4091
149
IB
4024
216
31
52.JS25
17.7712
59.0174
52.0000
56.4593
25,1(67
21.702)
52.0668
$0.5025
51.6161
57.0245
54.0000
50.5909
SS.7S76
51.1404
51.6442
58,9552
54.9500
53. (136
27.1667
45.4572
5J.8496
63.6242
53.5429
J1.7079
61.2556
58.9392
51.9916
46.2011
46.0358
52.104)
51.2333
51.3485
49.9071
50.0521
57.7225
50.6158
54.1192
51.1)74
53.SJ75
52.0243
57.1433
47.6331
52.1753
$6.8054
53.9717
52.01)3
56.9074
62.3947
52.6766
42.1)27
55.1715
43.2171
60.3699
29.6871
17.6902
52.1716
54 6690
53.2588
52.289)
41.8224
53.2368
49.7301
49.2*70
52.6034
56.69)7
53.2002
53.2957
40.5487
46.6601
55.4128
57.7427
66.780)
42.6211
53.2321
56.6653
52.2)75
48.0775
46.6656
53.1780
51.81)9
51.4705
52.7204
49.9787
58.7(21
48.6259
54.4840
54.1943
54.5349
53.1764
4*. 4425
44.8119
52.9695
48.2)77
60.416S
5). 992)
44.6833
61.7011
0.8084
1.1501
1.0311
4.4575
12.3229
3.8127
1.29)0
0.9386
1.9)77
0.1896
2.6*30
5 3115
6.5530
4.1285
6.5295
O.D3S9
3.SS7J
11.8959
8.0346
2.7S81
1.0465
2.7071
1.4)20
11.2679
2.4985
2.5094
1.4896
1.691)
1,8728
2.21)9
1.7226
1.6758
1.40)2
1.7410
0.91)2
1.6405
1,4192
1.6911
1.6002
1.7989
0.8463
2.8546
3.1815
0.12(2
3.9518
9.8909
0.8370
3.1764
10.009*
1
1
1
S
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
S
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
S
1
2
1
)
2
555
4SO
555
215
240
120
385
SSS
525
SSS
190
210
295
115
210
555
420
240
210
385
410
520
SSS
140
IBS
555
520
525
515
)75
480
520
SSS -
515
SSS
420
480
525
SSS
520
555
272
195
SSS
340
240
555
240
248
S
S
S
S
S
2
2
S
S
S
S
5
S
S
S
S
5
8
S
2
5
5
5
2
2
5
S
5
5
5
S
S
S
5
5
S
S
S
5
S
5
S
S
S
S
2
S
S
2
20.0 35.0 65.0 115.0
13.0 )0.0 50.0 80.0
25.0 45.0 75.0 120.0
20.0 40,0 60.0 110.0
22.5 30.0 75,0 150.0
5.0 11.0 30.0 60.0
S.O 10.0 30.0 55. 0
20.0 35.0 £5.0 110. 0
25.0 45.0 90.0 120.0
19.0 35.0 65.0 110.0
20.0 40.0 75.0 120.0
20.0 50.0 70.0 105.0
15.0 )).$ 70.0 11S.O
21.5 52,5 79. S 110.0
20.0 40.0 60,0 120.0
20.0 35,0 65,0 111.0
20.0 45,0 75,0 120.0
25.0 45.0 60.0 112. S
27.5 37,5 80.0 150.0
S.O 15.0 10.0 60.0
1S.O 30.0 60.0 90,0
20.0 40.0 65.0 105.0
29.0 45.0 90.0 125.0
20.0.30.0 60.0 120.0
S.O 15.0 37.0 75.0
10.0 45.0 90.0 120.0
22.0 45. 0 75.9 120.0
20.0 34.5 65.0 110.0
1S.O 30.0 60.0 100,0
15.0 30.0 60.0 95.0
29.9 49.9 60.0 110.0
20.0 35.0 C5.0 120.0
15.5 35.0 70.0 120.0
15.0 31.0 60.0 105.0
19.0 35.0 60.0 105.0
20.0 40.0 75.0 130.0
18.0 15.0 65.0 110.0
20.0 38.5 70.0 120.0
20.0 35.9 60.0 110.0
20.0 37.0 67.0 120.0
20.0 15.0 65.0 110.0
2B. 5 45.0 75.0 120.0
10.0 32.5 60.0 117. S
20.0 35,0 65.0 115.0
2S.O 45.0 10. 0 120.0
10.0 )2.5 £9.0 120.9
20.0 35.0 65.0 110.9
29.0 45. 0 IS.O 120.0
20.0 42.5 90.0 150,0
ISO
105
155
ISO
ISO
107
70
145
ISO
14S
ISO
DO
150
1)5
110
145
155
ISO
110
90
1)0
125
170
195
120
ISO
15S
ISO
125
1)5
140
ISO
150
1)5
1)2
180
1)5
150
1)7
155
145
160
120
ISO
1)5
240
145
ISO
240
210 265
150 210
224 272
195 21S
240 240
120 120
90 90
210 265.
249 270
219 265
210 240
175 210
210 29S
225 285
19S 210
20S 255
240 315
240 240
210 210
120 180
180 249
205 255
240 275
140 340
155 19S
197 225
240 310
210 245
180 224
200 270
205 255
210 265
195 245
225 265
110 240
240 300
195 240
224 265
208 100
200 265
210 265
199 240
m 1*5
210 265
180 210
240 140
210 265
19* 210
240 240
NOTE: A *.* SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. *DK* » RESPONDENT REPLIED 'DON'T KNOW. -REF- . REFUSED DATA.
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV * STANDARD DEVIATION, STERR . STANDARD ERROR. MIN «
H)IMBCR OF MINUTES. PERCKNTILES ARE PERCENTACI OF DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
tourctt Tun) and Kttptli, 1991.
N - DOER SAMPLE SIZE, MEAN - ME All 24-HOtm
MINIMUM NUMBER OP MINUTES. MAX « HUCIMUM
S
I
Kj
•»\
t
a
i
-------
Tthli K-M. Stitlitlo tat 2i-Kour CimiUttvt Kurtxr of Mlnutci Spent in food
StOOT HUU
citour com
JTDCV 1TOCIK HIM HAX
I-
PKXCCKTILES----
50 75 10 95
fl ii
ALL
GENDKR
GEHOtR
ACE
AGE
ACE
ACE
AGE
ACE
RACE
MCE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
IIISCAHIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF KEEK
DAY OF KEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
AKQINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BKONCII/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EHPHl'S
BROKCIl/EMfKYS
1.HALK
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:U-n
4:18-64
Si> 64
1 :M11TE
2; BLACK
3iASIAU
4; SOME OTHERS
5: HISPANIC
9sREF
Os NO
I; YES
I:DK
9iREF
liFULL TIME
2: PART TIME
3 HOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2; HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
J;< COLLBCB
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
l! NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
): SOUTH
4:HB5T
1; WEEKDAY
2;HEEKEND
1: WINTER
2s SPRING
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
O'HO
1:YES
8 DK
0:NO
1:YES
8:OK
0:HO
IsYES
8:DK
1143 12.9941
204 27.4951
9)» J 4. 1196
24 11.0417
i 41. (000
1 21.4444
21 26.7500
808 31.3317
269 38.8061
976 32.9652
12 13.2805
11 27.0909
IT 29.7059
42 35.6425
15 34.0000
10S7 12.7151
68 18.92(5
6 24,16(7
12 2C.6CC7
19 21.1511
4)2 28.4216
114 26.9030
528 31.22S4
10 2B.OOOO
S9 27.2542
IIS 11.8593
445 33.1483
2S» 11.5907
142 27.7254
103 26.9029
29S 32.6169
252 21.4(41
141 35.9242
• 253 31.9161
712 32,1957
361 34.7258
303 33.1188
245 10.2939
293 33,1570
102 14.9040
1047 32.7708
91 15.95(0
S 2C.OOOO
1092 31.9661
45 32.3111
C 41,3111
10(5 31,7700
71 SO.SS92
7 3*. 1429
40,179
20.391
43.440
2B.013
41,040
21. 634
20,573
27.053
67.357
41. (85
21.602
22.047
34.797
39.699
28.234
40,35)
44.877
9,704
18.257
25.770
22.616
21,322
SI, 763
21,184
22.695
58. (03
45.827
10.026
21.846
34.47C
28.347
22. (77
52.496
46,539
43.579
12.171
51.809
26.108
29.932
4S.40(
40.408
40.996
20.7K
40.950
22.926
41.791
28.195
IH. 417
41.119
1.1944
1.4212
1.4176
5.7182
21.48)9
7,2113
1.1179
0.9S17
4.10(8
1.134)
3.1595
6.6476
1,4)96
6,1565
7.2899
1.2412
5.4422
3.9616
5.2705
4.1265
1.0915
1.8420
2.339B
(.9202
2.9S4(
5.0417
2.1724
1.B657
1.83)1
3.3970
1.6504
1.4285
2.8)45
2.92S9
1 . 5534
1.7017
2.9763
1.6680
i.7487
2,6128
1.248*
4.2975
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1.4175
17.0620
0.8640
14.0SJ5
15.5417
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3
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825
180
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75
90
330
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60
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570
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270
210
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570
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270
825
250
270
570
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(0
125
120
120
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825'
120
8 15.0
10 15.9
5 15.0
10 15.0
1 15.0
1 15.0
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5 15.0
I 15.0
10 15.0
) 15.0
5 10.0
10 15.0
. S 10.0
5 15.0
10 15.0
10 15.0
5 12.5
2 15.0
8 15.0
10 1S.O
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10 10.0
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10 15.0
10 15.0
10 15.0
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10 15.0
8 15.0
8 15.0
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a is.o
6 15,0
8 15.0
10 10.0
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2 10.0
30.0 35.0
25.0 30.0
30.0 35.0
30,0 30.0
15.0 55,0
10.0 30,0
20.0 30.0
30,0 30.0
30.0 40.0
30.0 35,0
10.0 10,0
15.0 30.0
15,0 10.0
30.0 40.0
30.0 60.0
10.0 35,0
10.0 40.0
27.5 10.0
25, 0 32.5
15.0 30.0
25.0 10.0
25.0 30.0
10.0*45,0
17.5 55.0
20.0 10.0
30.0 45.0
30.0 30.0
30.0 45.0
22.5 10.0
25.0 30.0
30.0 40.0
10.0 30.0
30.0 40.0
27.0 30 D
30.0 10.0
30.0 40.0
30.0 30.0
30.0 30.0
30.0 40.0
10.0 40.0
30.0 15.0
30.0 40.0
20.0 30.0
10.0 15.0 •
30.0 45.0
30.0 60.0
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29.0 35.0
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60
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60
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60
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60
70
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84
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60
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90
60
60
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60
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60
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90
75
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80
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80 85
120 150
120 120
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90 90
120 120
130 270
120 130
120 110
75 75
150 150
255 255
90 90
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255 270
35 IS
60 60
120 120
90 120
95 100
120 250
60 60
90 120
180 270
120 120
105 150
90 120
60 120
120 120
85 120
120 180
120 2SS
120 120
120 180
120 120
10S 120
120 1)5
120 190
120 120
250 255
60 60
120 ISO
120 120
120 120
120 120
570 825
120 120
HOTS: A ".• SICMIFIiS MISSIHd DM*. "OK" « RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOW-. "KEF- - REFUSED BUT*. H • DOER SAMPLE SIZE HEAH » HEW! 24-HOUR
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OP MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDBV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR - STANDARD ERROR. HIM • MINIMUM NUMBER OP HUIIJTES MAX . MAXIMUM
NUMBER OF MINUTES. PERCEWTILES ARE PERCtNTAOB OF DOERS BELOH OR EQUAL TO A CI'.'EH NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Source T(«« tn* Iltpil*. 1994.
s I
I !
&. 8.
I- 4-
3> &
I I
a a
-------
liblt H-&9. tUtUtlci for 24-Hour Cumulative Ku*er of Minutes Spent Cleaning House
GROUP NAME
GROUP CODB
I-
STDBV STDKXR HIH MAX
-PERCENTILES
SO 7S »0
ALL
GENDER
GEIIDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
HACE
RACE
KACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
III SPANK-
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF HEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
A1IGIKA
ANGINA
DRONCH/EMPIIYS
URONCH/EMPMYS
BRONCH/EKPHYS
1:MALE
2 : FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
S:> (4
1:HH1TE
2: BLACK
3: ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
5: HISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
9:REF
1:FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAO.
1: NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
1: SOUTH
4:HEST
1:HEEKDAY
2:HEEKEND
1:HINTER
2:SPRING
3 : SUMMER
4 : FALL
0:NO
1:YES
fl:DK
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
0:NO
1:YES
S:DK
1910
1S1
1559
45
11
49
(7
1307
431
1614
139
12
26
73
26
1740
114
14
22
128
(73
19S
901
11
161
214
665
412
247
171
454
406
£16
414
1287
(23
4(4
44S
S4(
455
1764
111
11
1826
70
14
1791
100
19
114.798
100. 153
118.051
IK. 200
74.091
42. (11
78.744
115.550
125.132
115.850
108.712
97.656
10.500
99.781
179.615
114.153
110.114
IK. 071
180. (82
C4.4S3
100.944
119.415
129.566
23S.OOO
81.379
135.731
121.899
108.14]
101.097
126.105
IK. 9(9
114.086
114.3(0
111.790
108.119
128.185
105.554
114.202
109.908
130.677
114.320
114. (99
180.769
111.702
120.371
210.000
113.894
118.110
182.632
111
110
111
114
69
35
79
111
118
111
106
101
58
.(83
.445
.737
.124
.420
.190
.157
^597
.341
.348
.826
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110. (69
176.878
109.990
US. 754
131.
177.
((.
99.
115.
118.
218.
98.
121.
118.
100.
96.
118.
117.
111.
112.
104.
108.
IK.
98.
109.
113.
122.
110.
117.
214.
110.
103.
210.
111.
104.
179.
,591
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.811
870
568
.009
908
129
618
814
4S(
(OS
897
2(8
049
921
214
542
8(1
148
757
666
137
119
521
511
5(3
110
868
025
3(3
251
2.5555
S.8PS1
2.8299
17.0127
20.9308
5.0271
9. (950
3.0868
5.7001
2.7716
9.0(09
17.8705
11.38(4
12.9528
34.6886
2. (3(8
9.9996
15.1(91
17.8069
5.9053
3.8497
8.27(0
3.9314
60.7142
7.7117
7.9504
4.6074
4.8112
6.1468
9.0923
5.5037
5. Sill
4.4776
5.12)8
1.0256
4. (820
4.5(57
5.2010
4.8(53
5.7259
2. (219
10.1905
59.5007
2.5874
12.1240
56.15(9
2.6214
10.4161
41.1234
1
1
1
10
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
IS
s
5
10
1
S
10
10
1
1
1
3
10
1
3
2
1
1
S
2
1
1
S
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
S
10
1
s
10
1
s
s
810
810
790
480
270
180
300
810
790
790
490
425
210
548
810
790
658
510
810
300
655
6(0
790
aio
810
715
790
570
525
(55
790
720
810
720
790
810
810
720
(90
790
790
690
610
790
394
810
790
480
810
10.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
S.O
5.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
S.O
15.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
20.0
S.O
10.0
1S.O
1S.O
10.0
S.O
10.0
15.0
10.0
1S.O
15.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
1S.O
10.0
10.0
10.0
14.0
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10.0
10 0
7.S
S.O
10.0 80.0 150.0 255.0 135.0 465.0
10.0 (0.0 120.0 240.0 310.0 400.0
40.0 90.0 1(0.0 255.0 140.0 465.0
SS.O 105. 0 180.0 297.0 320.0 480.0
40.0 (0.0 90.0 90.0 270.0 270.0
20.0 30.0 51.0 90.0 120.0 180.0
20.0 SS.O 105. 0 240.0 240.0 285.0
30.0 85.0 1SO.O 270.0 1SO.O 435.0
45. 0 90.0 170.0 250.0 340.0 540. 0
35.0 85.0 155. 0 255.0 330.0 415.0
10.0 80.0 115. 0 270.0 358. 0 480.0
30.0 (0.0 127.5 2(5.0 145.0 425.0
35.0 (0.0 115.0 185.0 190.0 210.0
30.0 (0.0 120.0 210.0 345.0 470.0
10.0 135.0 240.0 190.0 4(5.0 810. 0
30.0 80.0 150.0 255. 0 330.0 435.0
34.0 (0.0 135.0 240.0 3(0.0 480.0
10.0 92.5 210.0 240.0 S10.0 510.0
45.0 117.5 240.0 140.0 390.0 810.0
22.5 45.0 77.5 180.0 240.0 270.0
30.0 (0.0 120.0 240.0 310.0 410.0
45.0 85.0 175.0 2(5.0 390.0 480.0
50.0 95.0 iao.0 285.0 3(0.0 480.0
120.0 180.0 255.0 450.0 810.0 810.0
28.0 45.0 100.0 225.0 2(5.0 300.0
50.0 115.0 1BO.O 297.0 190.0 540.0
40.0 90.0 1(0.0 270.0 3(0.0 484.0
30.0 85.0 149.0 240.0 315.0 420.0
30.0 60.0 127.0 240.0 115.0 390.0
45.0 90.0 180.0 280.0 190.0 495.0
30.0 90.0 164.0 240.0 310.0 480.0
30.0 60.0 150.0 240.0 325.0 475.0
10.0 60.0 150.0 270.0 360.0 415.0
40.0 82.5 1(0.0 240.0 330.0 400.0
30.0 70.0 150.0 240.0 315.0 465.0
45.0 90.0 180.0 290.0 370.0 415.0
30.0 75.0 150.0 240.0 285.0 3(0.0
10.0 75.0 165.0 240.0 340.0 4(5.0
10.0 71.0 115.0 245.0 3(5.0 4(5.0
45.0 90.0 180.0 300.0 390.0 480.0
30.0 82.5 150.0 255.0 310.0 450.0
31.0 (4.0 150.0 270.0 190.0 470.0
45.0 120/0 240.0 140.0 810.0 910.0
30.0 80.0 150.0 255.0 310.0 4(5.0
30.0 90.0 190.0 2(2.5 320.0 170.0
120.0 210.0 255.0 480.0 810.0 810.0
30.0 60.0 150.0 255.0 140.0 450.0
12.5 90.0 180.0 2(2.5 297.5 4(7.5
50.0 150.0 240.0 340.0 810.0 810.0
525
495
540
480
270
180
300
510
570
540
484
425
210
548
810
525
548
510
810
285
480
540
570
810
375
5(0
(10
470
4(5
540
(55
495
525
470
540
525
465
525
548
560
525
480
810
525
194
810
540
47S
810
NOfE: A -.- SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. -DK- = RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOW" -REF" • REFUSED DATA. N - DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN = MEAN 2«-IIOIIP
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV - STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR • STANDARD ERROR. MIN - MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX = MAXIMUM
JIUMBEK OF MINUTES. PERCENTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
tourcit TMng «nd Kltpali, 1996.
9
•4\
I
a a
i
-------
Ti*U K-70. ItitUtln for 24-Hour CuwUtlv* Motor of Mlnuttt Spent in Outdoor clttnlrv
omit KAK*
ALL
UBIUKR
UEHDER
AGE
ACE
AGE
ACE
ACE
ACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY Of WEEK
DAY OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTIIHA
/iNGINA
AHtilNA
AWitNA
HKciNi'H/KHi'HY:!
UKuNCII/tHlWS
HRONCH/EMPIKS
CROUP CODI
I.MALE
2.FBHAIE
1:1-4
2:5-11
Iil2-17
4U8-64
S:> 64
1: WHITE
1: BLACK
I:AS1RN
4 : SOME OTHERS
S: HISPANIC
9:R6F
0:HO
IsYBS
I:OX
»:REF
1:FULL TIH8
2: PART TIME
3: HOT EMPLOYED
S:REF
l;< HIGH SCHOOL
2 -.HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
J:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
1 ^NORTHEAST
2:MIDHEST
1: SOUTH
4:HEST
1 : HEEKDAY
2 rHEtXEND
liHINTER
2:SPRINO •
3 : SUMMER
4: FALL
0:HO
1:YES
I;OK
0:NO
I :YES
K:1IK
U IIU
IsYBS
8:DX
H
(91
41?
275
1J
4
12
20
479
164
621
30
S
12
14
9
652
2C
S
9
31
115
52
290
7
46
96
237
142
99
72
144
155
21t
i7s
420
272
128
252
205
107
£40
47
S
665
II
9
(dl
26
S
KCAK
14S 170
140 t!5
123,111
210. 516
1J8.250
104. 513
142,300
147.420
139, 6<0
146. ISO
134.233
65.000
1(3. SOO
121.214
206.667
145. SSI
11$. 101
216.000
216.667
132.079
HI. 654
US. 115
14S.057
252.857
136.761
145.990
154.190
146.690
137. Ill
114.264
135.188
131.000
151.711
151.834
138.1457
166.581
14S. 539
151. JJ1
112.951
153.364
147.272
109.106
112.000
143. 559
144.722
118.1189
US. 228
104.BO.S
312 000
STDCV
121.417
in
S9
157
IK
62
SC
12S
112
122
99
27
97
32
211
121
76
103
206
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121
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122
216
115
124
126
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111
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109
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.122
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.227
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07.096
230
111
96
213
120
IS
.041
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.701
.670
.676
.282
230.043
STOCK*
4 616
6,44*
6.02?
41.796
51.421
11.164
21.52T
5.721
1.756
4. 903
18.084
11.255
28.021
22.074
71.31?
4.746
14,9)4
46.017
61.180
14.300
6.942
14.38?
7.140
81, 794
17.101
12.716
8.209
10.059
12. SOS
12.168
9.451
1.943
7.964
10.481
5.334
1,225
11.943
7.115
7.210
13,914
4.800
12,704
102.179
4.611
22,793
VI. 223
4,694
16.725
102. 179
MIH
2
10
2
3D
30
10
10
2
2
2
2
10
19
10
30
3
10
120
60
10
4
2
2
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2
2
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4
10
10
5
4
2
2
4
2
4
5
5
2
2
5
60
2
10
10
2
S
CO
MAX
720
720
635
600
285
210
385
690
720
720
405
90
360
300
600
720
300
380
COO
18S
690
470
720
COO
600
510
720
655
555
495
600
655
635
720
660
720
600
690
635
720
720
510
600
720
)JO
600
720
375
600
| -.».-----•---. PERCOTTH.M----- --•
5 JS 50 75 )0 55
25.0 60.0 120 0 110.0 300.0 405.0
10.0 60.0 120-0 200.0 345.0 410.0
10.0 CO.O 50.0 160.0 268.0 330.0
30.0 112.0 140.0 250.0 19S.O 600.0
10,0 45,0 119.0 231.5 2J5.0 2(5.0
30.0 58. 0 10,0 165.0 190.0 210.0
12.5 75.0 127.0 157. S 100. 0 372.5
15.0 60.0 120.0 180.0 110.0 435.0
10,0 60.0 120.0 172,5 100.0 150.0
25.0 60.0 120.0 180.0 105,0 410,0
10.0 60.0 117.5 190.0 262.5 130.0
10.0 10.0 77.5 85.0 90.0 SO.O
39.0 90.0 157.5 187.5 290.0 110.0
10, 0 65.0 105.0 160.0 255,0 300.0
30.0 CO.O 110.0 100.0 600.0 600,0
25.0 CO.O 110.0 110,0 100.0 405.0
25.0 CO.O 116.5 145.0 240.0 255.0
120,0 140.0 210.0 240.0 180.0 380.0
60.0 60.0 120,0 300.0 600.0 600,0
10.0 CO.O 115.0 165.0 255.0 360.0
30.0 60.0 110.0 1SO.O 100.0 415.0
15,0 CO.O 112.5 130.0 300.0 125,0
20.0 60.0 120.0 180,0 110.0 412.5
15.0 110.0 120.0 465.0 600.0 600.0
10.0 60.0 112.5 165.0 285.0 160.0
10.0 60.0 119, S 180.0 310.0 465,0
30.0 60.0 120.0 110.0 110.0 415.0
30.0 60.0 110.0 195, 0 270.0 375.0
15.9 CO.O »S,0 175.0 125.0 475.0
30.0 60.0 120.0 165.0 290.0 145.0
15.0 (0.0 110.0 115.0 100.0 110,0
15.0 60.0 95.0 150.0 270.0 360.0
10.0 70.0 120.0 195.0 130.0 415.0
25.0 60.0 120,0 110.0 355,0 415.0
20.0 60.0 105.0 175.0 285.0 360.0
10.0 60,0 110,0 227. S 145.0 495.0
15.0 59. 5 102.5 225.0 345.0 465.0
10.0 10.0 110.0 110.0 100.0 410.0
20.0 60.0 120.0 180.0 270,0 125,0
15.0 60.0 120.0 180.0 360.0 480.0
27.5 CO.O 120.0 1(0.0 107.5 400.0
15.0 60.0 90.0 115.0 210.0 240.0
60 0 120.0 100,0 410.0 600.0 600,0
25.0 60.0 120.0 110.0 100.0 185.0
30.0 60.0 115.0 165.0 110.0 130.0
10.0 120.0 325.0 410.0 600.0 600.0
30,0 60.0 110.0 180.0 300.0 19S. 0
10.0 60.0 50.0 135.0 12S.O 100.0
60.0 120.0 300.0 410.0 600.0 (00.0
91
510
511
190
(00
215
210
115
520
480
510
405
90
380
100
(00
510
100
380
(00
185
510
325
4BO
600
600
480
510
560
Sll
465
510
510
510
510
475
513
510
510
475
655
510
510
COO
510
110
600
510
17S
600
»9
570
600
465
600
215
210
115
570
S10
SCO
405
90
380
100
600
560
100
IBO
coo
185
SCO
470
655
600
600
510
660
570
SSS'
495
555
5EO
520
690
530
CIS
520
510
555
660
560
510
600
SCO
110
600
560
US
600
NOTE: A «." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "OK' » RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOH1
CUMULATIVE NUMBED Or MINUTES FOR DOERS. STPEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STKBR
IJUNBER Of MINUTES. PERCENT!LES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BEUJH OR EQUAL TO A OIVEH HUMBEli OF MINUTES
tourc«: Titng md Kltpeit, 1996.
•REF" * REFUSED DAT*. N . DOER SAMPLE SIZE. HEAN > HEAN 24-HOUR
STANDARD ERROR. MIN . MINIMUM NUMBER OF HI MUTES. MAX . MAXIMUM
&
3
5
U*
•»
5'
5s
c
3
OJ
a
i-
I I
a a
-------
££
S
libl. H-T1. Silt lit let
GROUP NAME
ALL
GENDER
SENDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
MCE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY Of MEEK
DAY OF HEIR
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHHA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
AHGINA
ANGINA
AHGINA
imoNiii/rai'llY;;
BRONCII/KMPHYS
BRONCH/EHPHYS
ORODP CODII
1:MALE
2: FEMALE
1:1-1
2:5-11
1:12-17
4:18 64
S:» 64
1: WHITE
2: BLACK
3:ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
S; HISPANIC
9:RBP
0:NO
1;YES
8:DK
9: REP
1:FULL TIME
2: PAST TIHE
3: HOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAB
):< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
li NORTHEAST
2SMIDHEST
3s SOUTH
4 :HEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
I :l!INTER
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
• :DK
0:NO
1:»ES
8:QK
o-.m
I; YES
8:DK
N
191
117
77«
10
4
11
21
702
145
717
99
7
10
33
7
836
51
]
1
34
402
116
136
5
4]
10]
337
193
127
91
222
201
301
iet
607
286
254
213
259
167
829
£2
2
867
22
4
6J4
58
1
for 24-Hour emulative
KEAH
79.479
72.248
80.570
59. SOD
70.000
39.000
37.476
10.474
85.455
•0.096
68.636
107.857
62.400
92.»79
100.714
78.248
91.176
118.313
its. ooo
41.412
73.443
10.724
89.804
87,400
47.418
66 510
85.190
85.870
67.756
68.374
76,905
78.448
81.839
79.849
75.853
•7.175
82.291
86.103
7S.722
11.030
79.534
79.855
45.000
79.516
81.591
60.000
78.450
94.621
60.000
STDEV
73. 355
67.028
74.241
34.7S7
94.251
33.856
39.447
74.354
73.545
73.392
65.289
48.B07
39.090
78.010
166.018
72.306
71.178
6J.S17
251.912
46.313
73.706
61.545
75.166
74.725
48.217
60.04B
82.249
78. 466
5C.99S
64.714
67.875
75.998
75.6S4
73.198
72.909
73.832
80.245
79,325
68.328
SO. 463
74 . 024
65.269
21.213
73.480
7S.7S6
24.495
73.617
£1.927
STDBRR
2.455
6.197
2,665
10.991
47,126
10.20ft
8.608
2,806
6.108
2.703
6.562
18.447
12.361
13.580
62.74S
2.501
9.957
36.094
145.459
7.943
3.676
6,364
4.101
33.418
7.3S1
5.946
4.410
5.648
5.058
6.784
4.SSS
5.360
4.339
5.697
2. 959
4.366
5.03S
S.435
4.246
4.679
2.571
8.289
15.000
2.49S
16.151
12.247
2.549
9.051
Nuifcer of
MIH
2
5
2
IS
5
2
3
2
2
2
5
60
IB
5
15
2
5
55
20
2
2
2
2
2-
2
10
2
2
S
5
2
2
S
2
2
5
2
2
2
3
2
S
30
2
S
30
2
S
60
MAX
S35
360
515
120
210
92
ISO
SIS
375
515
300
110
120
265
475
S3S
365
180
475
210
535
335
475
180
210
265
S3S
475
260
360
53S
475
450
40S
475
535
475
450
515
300
S3S
375
to
S3S
135
90
535
335
CO
Minutes
i
S • IS
10 30.0
7 20.0
10 30.0
15 2S.O
5 17.5
2 5.0
5 10.0
10 28.0
10 30.0
10 30,0
S 15.0
CO 30,0
IB 21.0
5 20.0
15 20.0
10 30.0
5 20.0
55 55. 0
20 20.0
3 10.0
5 20.0
10 30.0
10 35. 0
2 45.0
S 10.0
IS 38.0
10 30.0
S 21.0
10 20.0
S 20.0
10 10.0
S 20.0
10 30.0
S 20.0
S 25.0
10 30.0
7 23.0
10 30.0
8 30.0
S 25.0
10 30.0
10 30.0
30 30,0
10 30.0
10 30.0
10 45. 0
• 25.0
IS 60.0
60 60.0
Spent In Clothes
PERCENTILES-
50 75 SO
60.0 118.0
60.0 90.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 90.0
32.5 122.5
30.0 60.0
20.0 GO.O
60.0 120.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 110.0
4S.O 110.0
90.0 120.0
6S.O 90.0
90.0 150.0
45. 0 CO.O
60.0 115.0
90.0 150.0
120.0 130.0
60.0 47S.O
10.0 60.0
60.0 100.0
S7.5 117.5
60.0 120.0
CO.O 150.0
30.0 60.0
65.0 120.0
(0.0 120.0
GO.O 120.0
GO.O 90.0
60.0 90.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 115.0
60.0 115.0
60.0 120.0
GO.O 105.0
65,0 120.0
GO.O 120.0
60.0 120.0
60,0 115.0
60.0 105.0
60.0 118.0
66.5 120.0
45.0 GO.O
60.0 120.0
60.0 120.0
60,0 75.0
60.0 115.0
77. S 120.0
60,0 60.0
17S
150
180
105
210
90
80
180
180
175
165
210
120
210
475
165
190
180
475
92
155
180
185
ISO
92
175
180
190
150
145
ISO
170
no
180
160
180
190
180
154
ISO
180
154
60
178
155
90
no
190
60
Care
95
210
210
225
120
210
92
120
210
245
223
210
210
120
225
475
210
225
180
475
150
223
225
235
iao
150
210
240
240
ISO
210
200
210
235
223
210
323
225
240
190
195
225
180
60
210
195
90
210
240
60
98
300
300
300
120
210
92
150
300
300
100
240
210
120
2GS
475
300
225
180
475
210
300
240
300
110
210
240
375
300
225
245
245
265
330
300
300
JOO
330
335
240
240
300
200
60
300
135
90
300
300
60
[
99
37S
335
375
120
210
92
ISO
ISO
375
175
100
210
120
265
475
360
26S
180
475
210
160
130
375
180
210
245
44S
375
225
360
300
420
375
160
375
31S
445
375
360
900
360
375
60
175
335
90
375
335
60
ft
I-
a
a
i
t
A '." SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA, ":DK" . RESPONDENT REPLIED 'DON'T KNOW". -REF' . REFUSED DATA.
CUMULATIVE NUMBER Or NINUTES FOR DOERS. STOBV « STANDARD DEVIATION. STERI! . STANDARD ERROR. MIN .
NUMBER OF MINUTES. PERCENTII.ES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOtt OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Jourct: lung «nd tltpeli, 1996,
N « DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN * HEW 24 HOUR
HIH1MUH NUMBER OF MINUTES, KAX - MAXIMUM
-------
ItbU
CXOUf HM«
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
not
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
»*«
HACK
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCAT10H
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REG I OH
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DA* Or WEEK
DAY OF KEEK
SEASON
:;EASOM
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
AHG1NA
MI01HA
BRONCH/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMPHYS
H-72, Stltlltlct
mow coo i
i;MALE
2^ FEMALE
ltl-4
2:5-11
iii2-i7
4:18-(4
5 > 64
1- WHITE
2 . UlTlCK
1. ASIAN
4 : SOME OTHERS
5s HISPANIC
O.HO
1:YES
BiDK
1 1 TOLL TIME
2: PAST TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:c COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
S:K3ST BRAD.
It NORTHEAST
2 (MIDWEST
1: SOUTH
4:HEST
l:HEEKDAy
2*.MBEICEHD
Is WINTER
J: SPRING
1: SUMMER
4 : FALL
OiHO
i:YES
0:NQ
I:«S
1:DK
0:NO
I: YES
for 2<-Kour CuiuUtlvr Vwbtr
H MEAN
MS 11), 40?
110 135.512
35 85. Ill
1 (0.000
I 150,000
1 100.000
a 106.675
114 110. 342
30 11.500
112 1)9. CO?
19 85.719
2 10.000
( 0.333
' 6 51.000
111 12). (17
10 98. BOO
2 212.500
10 110.500
77 122.091
12 123.1(7
4( 124.130
13 120.000
17 165.682
50 111.520
11 136 226
20 93.250
14 10). 429
28 110.750
11 149.119
15 106.778
41 116.659
79 lot. 519
66 141.227
49 130.673
19 136. 6C7
IS 121.514
22 8S.72?
117 117. (57
1 221.875
1)9 125.712
5 SI. 000
1 165.000
140 122.279
5 155.000
JTDIV
147.191
152.7)7
122,441
161.J37
156.511
68.347
158 660
93.516
7.071
42.387
S1.SS5
144.993
153.362
321.734
156.670
150.192
138.769
146.952
119.523
224.418
121.2(1
169.231
99.144
91.566
IS). 729
173.19)
1)1.409
132.206
125.914
1*8.47?
1ST. 715
1SE.042
137.704
87.502
1)9.579
2JS.553
US. 156
72.921
H5.670
203.147
SIMM
12.224
14.5(3
20. (9C
57.925
14. (59
15.213
14.992
21.454
5.000
17.104
21.0(3
12.571
41.497
227.500
49.607
17,116
40.059
21.667
18. (9?
54.429
18.119
30.395
22.214
2(.07(
10.942
11. IOC
19.589
20.647
14.166
20.738
21.959
24.987
23.276
18. CSS
11.925
81.281
12.651
32. fill
12.311
90.940
KIN
5
5
5
(0
150
300
20
5
10
5
S
5
• 5
5
5
5
5
20
S
8
5
15
5
5
5
10
S
a
10
s
5
5
s
s
5
5
5
S
15
5
5
1ES
S
S
Of Mlruttl
I
HA.T S
700
700
690
(0
150
300
SOS
700
300
700
300
15
120
120
700
520
4(0
505
700
495
690
505
(70
690
?00
100
300
690
C70
700
SOS
(90
700
(90
700
505
100
700
(70
700
180
1(5
700
460
5.9
5.0
5.0
(0.0
150.0
100,0
20.0
5.0
12.5
10.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
20.0
5.0
1.0
10.0
15.0
5.0
S.O
10.0
10.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
S.O
S.O
5.0
10.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
8.0
S.O
1S.O
S.O
S.O
1C 5.0
S.O
S.O
Sptnt In Cir ItfMlr/Kalnttnanct
25
10
30
15
(0
ISO
100
10
30
30
10
20
5
10
13
10
30
S
30
10
40
30
30
30
.30
10
IS
10
30
45
30
30
15
45
30
45
10
10
30
30
30
IS
1CS
30
10
rexCtKTlLES-
SO S 10
(0.0
85,0
45.0
(0.0
150.0
300.0
45,0
77.5
70.0
90.0
(O.D
10.0
32.5
45.0
80.0
45.0
232.5
52.5
(0.0
72.5
90.0
(0.0
90.0
(7.5
85.0
45.0
75.0
(0.0
90.0
(0.0
(0.0
(0.0
02.5
60.0
es.o
(0.0
70.0
(0.0
150.0
75.0
20.0
1(5.0
S7.S
30.0
150 100 I
170 300.0
120 180 0
(0 (0.0
150 150.0
100 100.0
90 SOS.O
1(5 300.0
120 1SO.O
175 300 0
95 300.0
15 15.0
(0 120.0
120 120.0
150 300.0
120 320.0
1(0 4(0.0
150 402.5
1(5 300.0
ISO 270.0
120 300.0
120 300.0
220 555.0
120 270.0
1*0 210.0
135 285.0
120 100.0
200 300.0
120 150.0
120 240.0
120 100.0
150 280.0
ISO 495.0
165 350.0
ISO 100.0
ISO 100.0
120 240.0
120 300.0
3(5 (70.0
ISO 100.0
IS 180.0
1(5 165.0
1)5 300.0
270 4(0,0
IS
495
SOS
270
(0
ISO
100
SOS
52 0
240
S20
300
IS
120
120
495
S20
4(0
SOS
520
495
480
505
(70
350
(00
300
300
520
£00
300
4(0
150
555
EDO
555
480
270
495
*70
SOS
160
1(5
500
4(0
1
98 9*
670 (90
(00 (70
(90 (90
(0 (0
ISO 150
300 300
SOS 505
(70 (90
300 300
(70 £90
100 100
IS IS
120 120
120 120
(70 (90
520 520
4(0 4(0
505 SOS
£70 700
495 495
(90 (90
SOS SOS
(70 (70
585 (90
700 700
100 300
300 300
(90 (90
(70 (70
700 700
SOS SOS
480 (90
(70 700
(90 (90
700 700
505 SOS
300 300
(00 (90
(70 (70
(10 (90
180 180
165 165
(70 (90
4(0 4CO
WOTE: A "." SIGNIFIES MISSISC DATA. "DK- a RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOH" . «REF" • REFUSED DATA. N . DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN . HEAH 24 HOUR
CUMULATIVE HUMBIR OF MINUTES FOR DOSRS. STOEV « STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR « STANDARD ERROR. MIN « MINIMUM DUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX - MAXIMUM
HUMBER OF MINUTES. PBRCENT1 t,ES ABB PtRCEHTAOt OF DOERS BELOH OR SQUAt TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Source: titng «nd Klquli, 1996.
Q
I
*•«.
Kt
4X
a
a
s.
a
a
-------
Table
U-73. Statistic*
CROUP NME CROUP CODE
noTSt
AU>
UKMUER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
ACK
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
KArE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EHPHYS
BRONCH/EHPHYS
1:NALE
2: FEMALE
2:5-11
3;I2-17
4:18-64
5:» S4
liMUTE
2 - BLACK
1:AS1AN
4: SOME OTHERS
5: HISPANIC
9:8BF
O.-HO
1:YBS
8:DK
I: FULL TIMS
2.-PA1T TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:RJF
1;< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
S:POST CRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
3 : SOUTH
4 .HEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
l:HtNTER
2: SPRING
3 : SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
0:HO
1:YES
8:DK
0:NO
1:YES
,
for 24-Hour emulative
M HKAH STDKV
288 104.816 184.111
200 205.045 187.704
88 118.841 167.784
1 540 000
1 6S.S67 55.076
14 119. 500 101.183
221 199,471 192.928
4) 141.878 146.868
264 186.367 184.944
11 150.385 207.961
1 121.667 89.489
3 173.667 165.228
4 127.500 122.848
1 7S.OOO
278 184.917 184.467
9 160. 556 1SO.S66
1 17S.OOO
17 110.176 97.419
140 199.993 20C.02S
27 167.963 151.740
202 181.114 169.140
2 61.000 13.419
IB 110.722 94.558
23 214.148 215.017
93 194.400 19C.472
64 2D2.1S6 200.764
54 169.000 154.5)7
39 172,923 174,213
55 166.164 181.344
77 188.909 170.219
89 202.291 212.112
67 172.224 161.660
188 178.211 171.940
100 197.210 205.392
62 167.097 172.076
CS 201,123 216,624
95 180.442 182.013
66 1S9.727 164. S51
2C4 180,110 181.699
24 234.167 185.283
281 179. *87 175.258
6 441.333 169.995
1 45.000
276 184,681 18S.591
12 187.917 152. S91
A -," SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA, *DK" . RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES
NUMBER
Sown:
FOR DOERS, STOEV -
STANDARD DEVIATION.
STDERR
10.849
13.27]
17.886
11.798
27.SJO
12.978
20.981
11.382
57.678
S1.W7
95.195
61.424
11.064
60,222
23 632
17.412
29.587
16.747
59,000
22.267
44.834
20.710
25.09S
21,010
27.896
24.452
19.198
22.507
19.750
12.540
20.S39
21.854
26.170
18.674
20.JS5
11,106
17.821
10.4SS
151.050
11,171
44.049
T KNOW'.
STERR .
Kixfcer
KIN
2
2
3
540
10
IS
2
2
2
10
270
45
10
75
2
10
175
10
S
5
2
2
10
IS
1
2
5
2
1
10
2
2
2
3
3
S
2
2
2
5
i
90
45
2
5
•REF"
of Hlnutcf Spent In Other Rrpalrc
| PSRCEHTILBS - - -
MAX S 25 50 75 90
1080 10.0 36.5 120.0 300.0 425
1080 10.0 60.0 150.0 127.5 460
900 5.0 17.5 72.5 192.5 160
540 540.0 540.0 540.0 540.0 540
120 10.0 10. 0 70.0 120.0 120
345 15.0 30.0 90.0 180.0 285
1080 10.0 45.0 120.0 325.0 414
526 10.0 30.0 75.0 209.0 390
1080 10.0 16.5 120.0 300.0 430
750 10.0 30.0 90.0 120.0 190
425 270.0 270.0 270.0 425.0 425
160 45.0 45.0 116.0 160.0 360
290 10.0 15.0 105.0 220.0 290
75 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75
1080 10.0 15.0 120.0 100.0 425
575 10.0 60.0 60.0 210.0 S7S
175 375.0 375.0 175.0 375.0 175
345 10.0 10.0 90.0 1.80.0 285
1080 8.5 60.0 120.0 297. S 470
490 10.0 25.0 120.0 302.0 390
670 10.0 30.0 120.0 315.0 420
120 1.0 2.0 61.0 120.0 120
345 10.0 30.0 90.0 180.0 285
900 10,0 45.0 120.0 160.0 480
840 S.O 10.0 112.5 100.0 447
1080 10.0 12.5 110.0 355.0 420
S2S 10.0 SO.O »7.5 270.0 425
690 7.0 18.0 120.0 270.0 420
840 5.0 30.0 75.0 210.0 415
780 15.0 60.0 120.0 115.0 420
1080 10.0 >0.0 120.0 115.0 480
750 7.0 60.0 120.0 243.0 340
780 10.0 42.5 110.0 300.0 410
1080 5.0 12.5 145.0 296.5 420
600 5,0 15.0 90.0 300.0 445
900 10.0 45.0 120.0 100,0 480
1080 10.0 60.0 120.0 290.0 190
600 10.0 55. 0 120.0 130.0 420
10*0 10.0 36.5 120.0 288. S 420
670 10.0 45.0 210.0 352.5 480
900 10.0 10.0 120.0 295.0 420
1090 90.0 100.0 410.0 600.0 1080
45 45.0 45.0 45.0 45.0 45
1080 10.0 36.5 120.0 299.0 410
405 5.0 45.0 16S.O 350.0 360
95
525
555
425
540
120
345
570
480
525
750
425
360
290
75
525
575
375
345
600
414
480
120
145
490
575
480
490
600
525
460
570
526
440
585
490
670
510
415
525
510
490
1
91 99
690
610
7SO
540
120
HS
750
526
670
750
425
360
290
75
690
575
175
345
840
490
526
120
145
900
710
600
510
690
600
670
900
690
(00
»70
540
840
750
(00
690
670
670
1080 1010
45
526
405
• REFUSED DATA. N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE.
STANDARD ERROR. KIN - MINIMUM NUMBER OF
45
690
405
840
8tO
900
5<0-
120
345
840
52C
840
7SO
4ZS
160
290
75
840
575
17S
345
900
490
COO
120
34S
900
840
loeo
S25
690
840
780
1080
750
750
990
(00
900
1080
600
840
670
780
1080
45
840
405
MEAN . MEAN 24 HOUR
MINUTES,
MAX • MAXIMUM •
OF MINUTES, PERCEHTILBS ARE PEHCBNTAOB OF DOERS BELOH OK EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF. MINUTES.
ttang and Il*p*l«,
1994.
J
3
*•"•<
-------
TtbU «-K. StitUtlet for 24-Keur Cmul*t( 64
1: Mil tTK
2 4 BLACK
1;ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
SillISI'WIIC
9; KEF
0:NQ
1:YES
ItOK
9: REP
ItFUUi TIME
2 i PART TIKE
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
li< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL ORAD
)!< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE CHAD.
5: POST GRJAD.
I ; NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
IfSOBTH
4s WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1; WINTER
2:SFRIHC1
): SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
IsYBS
0;NO
IsYBS
iioic
0:NO
I: YES
M
254
«4
MO
4
S
J
157
IS
233
«
3
2
6
2
244
7
1
2
1
94
25
124
1
9
10
91
47
15
40
55
41
77
11
170
14
IS
36
111
32
239
IS
240
IJ
1
241
6
HCAM
103. C02
146.274
12. Sit
SI. 250
121.000
51.000
100.490
112.617
102.124
11.250
140,000
117. SOB
164.167
9S.OOO
102. 97i
149. its
SO. 000
42,500
94,750
94.41G
112. 200
101.3(7
145.000
16.444
92.31)
87.656
111.291
139.000
104.750
116. OSS
101. 659
82,071
116.593
104.559
101 .667
135.333
124.321
S9.S20
74.375
105.000
11.333
103.013
120.769
5.000
105.102
17.500
ITOSV
101,7(1
145. 9SJ
76.759
24.622
120.955
61.262
104.921
U!.4!»
106.695
90.149
45.826
117.111
209. 79S
49.497
106.161
195.521
24.749
103.657
111.141
104.112
101.655
59.175
100.113
101. 753
95.241
112.155
107.818
131.016
116.677
109.246
76.011
126.602
105.561
115.595
170. S92
108.656
100.112
17.194
101.541
111.610
107.762
130.216
109.525
24.211
tmn*
6,124
15.926
5.117
12.111
54.09)
35.169
l.)74
12.146
6.990
31.172
26.453
1)2.500
IS. 649
35.000
6.796
. 71.900
17.500
36,641
11.536
20.962
9.751 '
S7.663
13.371
19.155
9.177
16.462
18.225
20.719
15.713
17.062
1.670
14.067
1.096
12.612
44.047
ll.OJO
9.575
IS. 531
7.021
29.152
6.956
IS. 135
6.955
9. 195
HIM
1
10
1
15
15
3
5
5
1
15
90
5
15
60
3
IS
CO
25
1
5
15
5
60
3
10
5
5
IS
15
1
5
5
10
1
5
5
5
1
5
)
S
J
IS
5
)
5
1
MAX
6)0
610
610
70
110
120
570
630
630
280
160
270
565
130
6)0
565
60
CO
130
630
415
6)0
255
310
475
565
630
485
630
415
6)0
475
610
630
630
565
570
6)0
410
630
450
630
41S
5
610
60
5 25
10 30.0
15 12.5
10 10.0
15 17.5
IS 60.0
) 3,0
10 30.0
10 15.0
10 30.0
15 15.0
90 90.0
5 5.0
15 15.0
60 60.0
10 10.0
IS 15.0
60 60.0
25 25.0
1 12.5
10 10.0
15 30,0
10 40.0
60 60.0
1 30.0
10 15.0
10 10.0
10 50.0
IS 55.0
15 30.0
10 10.0
30 30.0
10 30.0
14 10.0
14 10.0
10 30.0
5 30.0
15 45.0
10 10,0
10 25,0
10 10.11
5 15.0
10 10.0
15 55.0
5 5.0
10 10.0
S 15,0
-flRCCHTILES'.
SO 75 90
60.0 1)0,0 225.0
10S.O 195.0 310.0
63.0 120.0 110.0
60,0 65.0 70.0
60.0 120.0 3)0.0
30.0 120.0 120.0
60.0 1)5.0 22S.O
75.0 1)5,0 240.0
60.0 120.0 225. 0
50.0 112.5 210.0
150.0 110.0 380.0
1)7.5 270,0 270.0
90.0 210.0 565.0
95,0 1)0.0 1)0,0
60.0 1)2.5 225.0
60.0 210,0 555.0
60.0 60.0 60.0
42.5 60.0 60.0
60.0 120.0 110.0
60.0 120.0 195.0
90.0 150.0 210,0
72.5 127,5 240,0
120.0 255.0 255.0
60.0 120.0 3)0.0
60.0 120.0 170.0
60.0 120,0 110.0
90.0 150.0 240.0
120.0 195.0 210.0
60.0 120.0 217.5
70.0 150.0 250.0
60.0 120.0 195.0
60.0 120.0 175.0
75.0 150.0 240.0
60.0 1)0.0 225.0
60,0 127. S 240.0
60.0 17S.O 415,0
90 0 150.0 270.0
60,0 120.0 190.0
47.5 102.5 1)5.0
60.0 135.0 235.0
55.0 90.0 175.0
60.0 125.0 225.0
60.0 1)5.0 270.0
5.0 5.0 5.0
60.0 1)5.0 2)5.0
42,5 60.0 60.0
95
300
450
210
70
330
130
300
210
100
210
180
270
565
110
210
565
60
60
130
125
270
270
255
1)0
420
255
240
125
420
420
270
225
1)0
280
325
S65
330
225
195
300
450
290
415
5
100
60
• I
91 >9
410 570
570 630
170 J2S
70 70
130 330
120 120
475 5(5
HO 6)0
410 S70
210 290
no ieo
270 270
565 565
130 1)0
410 570
SS5- 565
60 60
60 CD
3)0 310
570 6)0
415 415
410 565
255 255
110 130
475 475
410 S65
630 6)0
415 485
6)0 6)0
410 415
6)0 ()0
100 475
570 610
490 565
570 6)0
5(S 565
475 570
420 6)0
480 4BO
435 S70
450 450
410 570
415 41!
S S
4S5 570
60 60
NOTE; A -.- SIGNIFIES NISSIHO DATA. "OK" • RESPOSDEHT REPLIED 'DON'T KHOH" . -REF" • REFUSED DATA. N » DOER SRHPLE SIZE. MEAN , HEAH 24-HOUR
C1MUIATIVK NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDBV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STESR « STANDARD ERROR. M1N • MINIMUM NUMBER OF M1NUTBS, MAX . MAXIMUM
HUNBEH OF MINVfES. PERCEHTILES ARE PERCENTAOi Of DOERS BE LOU OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN HUHDEH OF MINUTES.
lourct:
T«4>ns
a s.
t I-
i
a
-------
^ fq
if
* §
*S«
NJ Us
Tafalt U-75. Stitlitict for 24-Hour CunuUtlvc Hurtxr of Hlnutes Spent In Animal Cart
CROUP HJOtB
GROUP CODE
BTDSV DTDEBR HIM MAX 5 25 SO
-PERCENTILES
75 90 95
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE.
RACE
RACE
RACE
HACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SKASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EHPIIYS
BRONCH/EHPIIYS
8ROHCH/EHPIIYS
1:HALB
2, FEMALE
l!l-4
2,5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
S:> 64
1: WHITE
2: BLACK
3:ASIAN
4s SOME OTHERS
Si HISPANIC
9jREF
0:HO
l-.ISS
B.m
9:REF
liFULL TIME
2: PART TIME
l-HOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
1:« COU.EQE
4: COLLEGE GRAD,
5: POST QUAD.
1: NORTH EAST
2:MIDHEST
3: SOUTH
4-.HEST
1:HEEKDAY
2 WEEKEND
1 : WINTER
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
IsYES
8:DK
0:NO
liYES
8;DK
0:NO
1:YES
BsDK
7*4
282
482
11
9
27
49
S10
116
696
26
5
12
17
8
112
19
t
1
66
376
60
213
9
91
63
2J1
ISO
121
101
171
181
247
165
5J7
237
221
201
216
12S
705
57
2
714
27
3
71«
43
1
, 48.168
S7.291
42.830
37.462
S9.222
47.296
55.204
45.928
S4.824
47.757
37.577
30.400
100,000
17.765
73.750
41.810
50,872
SO. 000
67.8S7
51.221
44.911
41.8(3
52.459
18.819
52.347
51.492
52.913
40.591
51.271
38.713
39.789
49.773
51.189
50.267
46,602
S1.6SO
44.620
S2.990
SI. 426
41.111
48.401
45.186
4S.OOO
47.814
58.704
35.000
40.357
45 195
42. (67
(5.029
11.716
52.182
18. 60C
44.291
43.100
61.276
6C.581
64.527
62.011
39.832
21.870
193.S«7
44.992
58.478
61.479
113. 7iO
77.071
62.039
56.101
71.458
56.285
59.357
51.897
57.020
61.122
75.819
49.247
79,213
40.069
44.880
58.716
75.022
72.551
66.46S
61.70]
66,372
60.3S1
76.405
45.413
65,505
60.468
21.213
64.308
85.601
22. $13
65.560
58.522
15.S3S
2.1527
4.8701
2.3768
10.7074
14.7617
8.2946
9.7537
2.8921
5.5311
2.3505
7.8117
9.7806
55.8780
10.9123
20.6750
2,3040
18.059)
31.4641
21.4485
6.12S2
1.68S2
7.26(4
1.1816
17.9656
5.7599
8.5625
4.9885
4.0210
7.2012
3.9870
3.4320
4,3644
4.7716
5.6481
2.8954
4.0081
4.4647
4.2568
5.1987
4.0457
2.4671
8.0091
15,0000
2.3717
16.4740
11.2288
2.4467
8.9245
(.9691
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
, 1
1
10
5
5
S
1
2
10
S
2
1
1
1
S
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
1
2
IS
1
2
30
760
7SO
450
IIS
140
179
108
760
183
760
145
60
690
180
180
760
690
205
lao
108
760
210
181
180
308
183
760
280
690
240
271
330
760
690
760
381
690
340
760
280
760
330
CO
760
340
60
7*0
330
60
S 10,0 10.0
S 15.0 10.0
1 10,0 28.5
2 5.0 10.0
1 10.0 60.0
8 1S.O 18.0
5 10.0 25.0
1 10,0 30.0
S 15.0 30.0
4 10, 0 30,0
1 10.0 25.0
10 15.0 20.0
S 17.5 10.0
5 15.0 30,0
S 12. S 55. 0
4 10.0 10.0
3 10.0 20.0
10 10.0 15.0
5 20.0 60,0
S 15.0 30,0
1 10.0 25.0
S 12.5 20.0
S 15.0 10.0
S 20.0 10.0
5 15.0 30.0
S 1S.O 30.0
5 10.0 30.0
4 10.0 20.0
3 15.0 30.0
5 12.0 10.0
1 10.0 25.0
4 14.0 10.0
S 15.0 10.0
3 10.0 10.0
4 10.0 10.0
S 1S.O 10.0
4 10.0 25,0
S 15 0 10.0
5 13.0 10.0
3 10.0 25.0
4 10.0 30.0
S 10.0 30.0
30 30.0 45.0
5 10.0 30.0
3 15.0 10.0
15 15.0 30.0
4 10.0 30,0
5 loifl 30.0
30 10.0 38.0
60 120.0
65 120.0
60 105.0
55 80.0
90 140.0
65 120.0
99 175.0
60 109.0
60 135.0
60 120..0
45 120.0
47 60.0
65 205.0
IS 120.0
115 180.0
CO 120.0
15 120.0
45 205.0
120 180.0
70 120.0
60 90.0
60 152.5
60 120.0
10 180.0
70 140.0
60 120.0
70 120.0
SS 97. S
60 110.0
57 80.0
60 90.0
60 120.0
60 120.0
60 120.0
CO 115.0
60 120.0
55 95. 0
60 120.0
64 120.0
60 110.0
60 120.0
55 105.0
60 60.0
60 120.0
60 115.0
60 60.0
60 120.0
55 90.0
60 60.0
155.0
180.0
140.0
115.0
140.0
150.0
180.0
150.0
1BO.O
155.0
120.0
60.0
690.0
180.0
180.0
151.0
180.0
205.0
180.0
175.0
145.0
176.5
180.0
180.0
180.0
225.0
165.0
1SS.O
115.0
105.0
120.0
1(0.0
165.0
1SS.O
155. 0
180.0
160.0
175.0
165.0
115. 0
155,0
195.0
60.0
155.0
130.0
60.0
160.0
150.0
60.0
230 112
308 140
187 271
115 115
140 140
179 179
306 308
230 280
340 340
240 312
145 145
60 60
690 690
180 180
180 180
230 108
690 690
205 205
180 180
240 308
240 340
205 210
271 110
180 110
240 308
213 383
245 330
205 230
140 340
ISO 185
205 245
240 312
308 383
210 340
195 280
271 110
225 245
240 110
240 181
180 180
225 308
240 310
60 60
225 280
340 140
60 60
210 108
110 130
60 60
NOTE: A -." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "OK- . RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'T HUM*.. -RBF« - REFUSED DATA. N - DOER SAMPLE SIZE, MEAN . MF.AN Jl-IIGtJP
CUMULATIVE NUMBER Of MINUTES FOR DOBRS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR . STANDARD ERROR. MIN . MINIMUM BOMBER OF MINOTSS, MAX . "'.rlMt.H
NUMBER OK HIHITCS. PERCENT1US ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOSBS BBLOM OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
lourct: Tung «nd Kltptll, tW.
I
3
a
a
o
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Ttbl* H-jT. .Statistic! for 24-Kour Cumulative «urt»r of Minutes Spent In Indoor Playing
GROUP NAME
ALL
BENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
Ace
HACE
»A
-------
t*bl« U-7S. futUtUf for 24-tour Cuwlttln Xutor cf Nlnitn Sp*nt In Outdoor Hiylng
CROUr HAHI
ALL
CEHOER
GENDER
ACE
ACE
ACE
AOB
AUG
ACE
MCE
MCE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EHPIXmtENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATIOH
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATIOH
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
census RSGIOM
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHHA
ANGINA
AHOIIM
npONCii/RHPiirs
BRONCH/EHPHtS
caour coot
liHALS
2: FEMALE
lil-4
2;S-1I
)i!2-I1
4:li-(4
St> 64
1: WHITE
2; BLACK
liASIAN
4: SONS OTHERS
S; HISPANIC
OiNO
1:YES
lifUUi TtHB
2s PART TIKE
J:NQT EMPLOYED
l!< HIGH SCHOOL
?:HICH SCHOOL CRAD
):< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST CRAD.
Is NORTHEAST
3 ;MtDHSST
3s SOUTH
4 JHBST
liHEBKBAY
• 2 : WEEKEND
IsHINTER
2:SPRINO
1: SUMMER
4: FALL
0;NO
t:YCS
0:HO
1:YES
B;NO
1:YES
N HUM
59 97.J71
26 101 152
}} IB. 141
1 170.000
4 (3.250
9 141.11]
1 15.000
40 92.050
4 52.500
50 93.940
2 1C. 500
1 100,000
1 30.000
5 149.000
51 93.1)}
8 123.125
15 123.533
15 ST. 200
7 I7.7J4
22 101.112
15 123.533
S 57,000
10 141. 500
11 74. CC7
1 75.375
3 SI.]]]
17 114.059
12 18.563
15 109.667
15 11.200
42 16.110
17 121.471
10 C6,SOO
10 115.300
31 92.155
1 108.000
5t 54-621
9 145.000
51 56. 9«3
1 120.000
55 90.018
4 191, SOO
STOtV
SS 172
94.71}
96.425
19,660
144.2(5
K.1S1
15. 000
90.201
17.477
1(4,8(4
19.747
110,211
124.379
30.117
54.129
110.136
124.379
(.701
150.412
45.169
3S.492
24.6(4
103.260
32.354
109. 53C
107. (74
79.211
126.007
4C.251
114.715
94.966
US. (11
91.447
17J.151
96.158
•7.056
157.509
•TDIHi
12.416
It. Sit
16,785
44.110
49.011
13. (54
7. SOO
12.757
26.500
71.729
12.567
46.039
32.115
7.975
20.459
23.411
12.115
3.000
47.516
10.646
12.541
14.240
25.044
9.340
21.212
27. (01
12.211
10,5(1
14.626
16.211
17.056
40.199
12.220
100.174
12.626
11.719
71.754
MIH
5
IS
5
no
15
5
15
20
30
S
CO
100
10
20
5
20
5
20
30
25
5
45
10
20
10
JO
IS
10
10
5
S
IS
5
45
S
25
S
)0
S
120
S
60
MAX
415
160
435
no
210
1(0
15
435
60
420
113
100
10
415
420
41S
360
115
194
415
ICO
60
415
194
120
75
3(0
150
420
415
3(0
435
ISO
415
420
160
415
145
415
120
415
420
5
15.0
15.0
S.O
170,0
15.0
5.0
15.0
27.5
10.0
15.0
(0.0
100.0
30.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
S.O
20.0
30.0
30.0
S.O
45,0
10.0
20.0
10.0
30 0
15.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
15.0
25.0
S.O
45.0
1S.O
25.0
15.0
10.0
15.0
120.0
1S.O
60.0
25 SO 75 90
45.0 (0.0 110.0 210 0
SO 0 75.0 135.0 210.0
45. 0 60.0 100.0 150.0
170,0 170.0 170,0 170,0
20.0 54. 0 14(,S 210.0
55.0 60.0 280.0 360.0
15,0 15.0 15.0 1S.O
52.5 65.0 102.5 142 5
45.0 CO.O (0.0 (0.0
45.0 CO.O 100.0 202.0
(0.0 86.5 113.0 111.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
30.0 30.0 30.0 10.0
60.0 110.0 120.0 435.0
45,0 (0.0 100,0 194.0
(0.0 90,0 115.0 415.0
15.0 60.0 210.0 145.0
4S.O (0,0 15.0 111,0
60,0 (0,0 110.0 194.0
45.0 (0.0 105.0 150.0
15.0 (0.0 210.0 345.0
60.0 (0.0 60.0 (0.0
60.0 95.0 135 0 427.5
45. 0 (0.0 9S.O 150.0
45.0 75.0 10(.S 120.0
JO.O 70.0 75.0 75.0
CO.O 70.0 120.0 345.0
60.0 C5.0 97.5 111.0
10.0 CO.O 135.0 290.0
20.0 (0.0 105,0 1(5.0
10.0 60.0 100.0 165.0
45.0 60.0 120.0 420.0
30.0 (0,0 105.0 135.0
(0.0 107,5 165.0 302.5
4S.O (0.0 100.0 210.0
30.0 (7.5 142.0 1(0,0
45.0 CO.O 107. 5 194,0
30.0 (0.0 145.0 145.0
45.0 60.0 10S.O 210.0
120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0
45.0 60.0 100.0 170.0
90.0 157.0 307.0 420.0
95
1(0
345
420
170
210
3(0
IS
107
60
145
111
100
30
435
145
43S
160
135
194
420
1(0
(0
415
194
120
75
1(0
ISO
420
415
210
415
150
435
145
360
1(0
145
1(0
120
345
420
it
420
360
435
170
210
360
IS
415
CO
190
111
100
30
435
3CO
43S
3CO
135
194
435
ISO
CO
435
194
120
75
3(0
150
420
435
3(0
415
150
435
420
360
420
345
420
120
1(0
420
19
415
3(0
4)5
170
210
3(0
15
435
CO
420
113
100
30
435
420
415
ICO
135
194
435
1(0
(0
415
194
120
75
3(0
ISO
420
435
3(0
435
ISO
435
420
1(0
435
145
415
120
435
420
NOTE: A V SIGNIFIES HISS1NO DATA. "OK" - RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'T KNOW" . "REF" - REFUSED DAT*. » « DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN . MEAN 24-IIOUH
CUMULATIVE NUHBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV • STANDARD DEVIATION STEUR . STANDARD ERROR. H1N • MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES MAX . MRXIKIIM
OK H minus. PKRCKNTII.ES AKF. PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
ICPUTCI: Tttnf and Kl«ptl«,
a
-
I
ft
3
CTi
a
5?
I
a
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1
f«bU U-7V. Statistic* for 84-Hour CumiUtlve *u*er of Hfnutw Spent for Car *ep»)r Service*
GROUP NUOt
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
AOE
AGE
AGE
AGE
BACK
RACE
HACK
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATIOM
EDUCATIOM
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF HEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EMPHYS
BROBCH/EHWnfS
a»OW CODS
llWLB
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
4:> 64
liWIIITE
2 i BLACK
J: ASIAN
4:SOHg OTHERS
5:HISPAHIC
0:NO
1:YES
1:FULL TIMt
2. PART TIME
3: HOT EMPLOYED
S:REF
1st HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
1:< COLLEGE
1: COLLEGE GRAD,
5; POST GRAB.
1: NORTH EAST
2:MIDHEST
1: SOOTH
4: WEST
1: WEEKDAY
3: WEEKEND
1:HINTER
2: SPRING
3 .SUMMER
4: FALL
0:110
l:¥ES
0:NO
l.-YES
0:110
I: YES
M MEAN
253 11.7876
123 41.695]
111 26.0611
2 89.0000
1 33 1250
t 1S.111J
13 31.3077
204 32. IBS]
26 44.8462
226 33.8451
19 4». 3158
i 11.6667
5 ii.0006
6 12.5000
247 34.6154
12 16.7500
26 27,7693
1J7 31,8759
25 32.9600
70 40.4714
1 5.0000
21 28.1643
20 36.1500
64 41.0791
68 36.2206
41 29.6829
39 24.2(32
45 40.4889
66 34 6364
88 34,1112
so 2«.ii67
176 36.0227
83 29.0412
70 IS. 4157
70 36.5286
79 41.531*
40 38.7250
211 J4.77J1
21 22.6190
253 32.6324
6 82.5000
247 33.0(07
12 48.7500
STDEV
51.772
65.450
37.840
2.828
43.666
20.197
12.138
52.731
75,446
51,028
90.675
11.547
I.S44
6.124
54,728
22.471
33. 586
52.912
49. 672
62.83}
12.992
51.714
62.959
59.709
54. SIC
36.541
58.498
56.367
60.547
13.054
57.142
45.780
27.784
4*. 121
66.665
64.266
55.080
34.715
51,888
102.896
52.903
70.522
STDEKR
3.3411
5.7151
3.1061
2.0000
15.4182
«. 5110
9.0S21
3.6919
14.7962
1.1941
20.8021
6.6667
4.0000
2.5000
J.4B22
6.4867
6.5868
4 . 5206
9.9344
7.5100
6.2349
11.5636
7.8698
7.2407
8.5171
5.9277
8.7204
6.9383
6.4541
4.2S7J
4,3072
5.0250
3.320B
5 8352
7.5004
10.1614
J.5701
7,5799
3.2622
42.0069
1.1661
20.3578
KIM
1
1
2
86
S
s
3
1
1
1
1
S
9
S
1
5
1
1
S
1
5
3
5
2
1
1
S
2
2
I
4
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
S
1
10
1
5
MAX
358
1S8
180
90
115
60
95
280
151
280
158
25
25
20
358
86
US
280
180
158
S
115
180
280
158
270
195
270
280
358
175
358
245
180
245
158
280
158
150
158
245
158
245
I"-"
S
S
4
S
86
5
5
1
5
2
S
1
S
5
S
S
s
s
4
S
4
S
5
5
S
2
4
S
5
S
3
5
5
3
2
5
5
S
4
S
S
10
s
5
V.
s
s
5
86
S
5
S
S
10
S
S
5
S
S
5
5
S
S
7
10
S
S
10
s
s
5
S
s
5
S
S
s
s
i
s
s
s
s
s
s
IS
s
5
> 50
10.0
1S.O
10,0
88.0
IS. 5
12.5
10.0
10.0
15-0
10.0
10.0
s.o
5.0
15,0
10.0
12.5
10,0
10,0
15.0
15.0
5.0
12.5
15.0
1S.O
15.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
10,0
12,5
15.0
10,0
10.0
1S.O
15.0
12.5
10.0
1S.O
10. D
22.5
10. a
15.0
-PEBCENTIL
75 90
1D.O 90
45,0 120
10.0 CS
90.0 90
55.0 US
15,0 60
55,0 79
30.0 BS
50.0 105
15.0 90
44.0 180
25.0 25
15,0 25
15.0 20
35.0 90
15.0 20
50.0 90
10.0 85
30.0 105
15.0 10]
S.O 5
52. 5 »0,
45,0 117.
47.5 105.
17.5 90.
25.0 60.
20.0 70,
60.0 105.
35.0 70.
10.0 95.
10.0 80.
30.0 101.
30.0 79.
20.0 60.
50.0 105.
30.0 160,
19.5 90.
15.0 90.
15.0 IS,
10.0 90.
180.0 245.
30.0 90.
77.5 95.
ES
95
.0 180,0
.0 180.0
.0 105.0
.0 SO.O
.0 115.0
.0 60.0
.0 95.0
.0 180.0
.0 180.0
.0 175.0
.0 158.0
.0 25.0
,0 25.0
.0 20.0
.0 180.0
.0 86. 0
,0 95.0
.0 175.0
.0 180.0
.0 110.0
.0 5.0
.0 SS.O
,5 177.5
0 180.0
0 180.0
.0 160.0
0 95.0
0 180 0
0 180.0
0 1*0,0
0 95. S
0 180.0
0 95.0
0 60,0
a iso.o
a iio.a
S 222.5
0 180,0
0 90.0
0 160,0
0 245,0
0 175. 0
0 245.0
• 1
91 >«
195 270
270 280
180 180
90 90
115 115
60 CO
95 95
19S 265
358 158
195 265
358 158
25 25
25 2S
20 20
245 270
86 86
US 115
265 270
180 1(0
245 356
5 S
US 115
180 110
265 280
180 353
270 270
195 195
270 270
265 280
245 158
US 175
265 280
195 245
90 1*0
188 245
270 358
280 280
245 270
ISO 150
180 270
245 245
195 270
245 245
Nl)rBi A •.- SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. -DK" - RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'T WtOH' . -REF" . REFUSED DATA. N . DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN . MEAN 24-HOtm
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEW • STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR . STANDARD CTROR. H1N . MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES MAX . MAXIMUM
NUMBER OF MINirTKS. PERCENTILBS ME PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOU OR KQOM, TO A OIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
•ourees Tung «nd Kltptli, 1WS.
I
i
a
s.
I I-
-------
V
M-80. ititlitlc* («• 24-Keor Cwulillvt twfctr of KlnuUi Spent Vishtnf, Etc.
CROUP NAME
ALL
GEIIDER
CEltOER
CE1IOER
ACE
ACE
ACE
ACE
ACE
ACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EHPKHHBNT
EHPLOYHEMT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF MEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHKA
AJJUIHA
AlUilHA
ANlitHA
UKUHCH/KMniYS
BHOHCH/ENIWS
iROHCH/EMPHYS
otoup coot
liHALE
2tFGKAL>
9fR£F
lil-4
2iS-ll
J:H-17
4il8-(4
5:> 64
1:HHITE
2: BLACK
1: ASIAN
4s SOME OTHERS
5:HISFAHIC
f:REF
0:NO
I: YES
t-.m
9 : REF-
IT FULL TIHE
2 ; PART TIHE
•3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF '
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HISH SCHOOL ORAD
}:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAB.
5: POST GRAD.
J: NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
J: SOUTH
4:MEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1 : WINTER
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO -
IiWS
«:DK
0:HO
1:YI5S
S:DK
OsNO
l!*BS
t'.OK
H MZAH STDIV
(029.23.9318 25. S6H
2785 23.4151 21. (HI
1242 24. m6 22.402C
2 20.0000 14.1421
110 25.9182 JO. 1752
31B 29.2*73 16.5521
407 26.5184 1S.9C2C
411 22.4088 11.6309
4154 22.7939 21. (279
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4794 23.1559 2S.12S8
661 26.7814 24.2016
110 24.4727 17.5193
119 28.S471 27.4768
269 23.8364 19.1J10
73 22.7945 20.4600
5476 23.8088 25.0872
465 25.7312 31. 6942
30 23.1000 15.0319
58 21.1966 11.5701
1116 25.9758 25.1690
3975 22.07J1 21,46)9
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1378 2(.9)S4 34.IS72
42 21.9048 15.B865
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440 10. (000 46.3800
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1220 22.8575 19. (959
144 22.5936 32.3(17
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135( 21.J274 21.7511
1103 22.9294 27.4320
2136 25.2116 21. (627
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4184 23.9441 25.7214
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1688 24.6226 20.2950
1584 16.3295 36.4680
1636 21.8264 15.5411
1121 22.S870 20.9871
5559 23.9538 26.1095
437 24.2218 11.3S7S
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HOTS! » •.' SIGNIFIES MISS1KO DATA. -OH" • HBSPOKDHfT SBPLIED -BOH'T mod-. -«Ef . HErOSEO DATA, H » DOES SJWM.I SIM. HE** • HEM 14-KOIffl CUMULATIVE tfWBCR OF
HiKirrcs n* cams. SIDE* • STMTOAUD DEVIATION. SICTH » STAKDAKD E»RO». KIN . MINIMUM HUKSE* or stm/res. HAH « KMIHIJK NUHBEH or mwres. PCTCFOTUES mt trxntnt
OF DOESS BELO* 0« EOUM. TO A OIVtH HUKBfR Of K1KOT»S.
Soureti Tseng and KltptN, 1996.
-------
T«bl« H-81. Statistics for 24-Hour CumuUtlw Kurixir of Hlnutet Sp*nt Stecplng/Weppfng
CROUP NAME
GROUP CODE
I —
STDEV STDBBR KIN MAX 5
PBRC8KTILES-
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KOTCi A •.- SIGNIFIES H1SSINO D*T». *D«" « HESPONOtKT KEPUED 'DOS't KUDU*.
HIHUTES ?Q& DOERS, ST0EV • STANDARD DEVIATION. STEM - STANDARD EKKOff. RfH ,
IIP DOERS mOOM OB EQUAL TO A GIVEN WJXBER OF MINUTES. •
Source: Tung ind Kteptlt, 19M.
*»er* • REFUSED BAT*. N • DOER SMttLB 3lZt. MEAH - KEAH 14 .HOUR CUMULATIVE HUXBER OF
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1
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59
30
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10
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25
io
60
5
10
1
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15
5
10
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120
1
255
120
1
30
120
MAX
940
140
710
495
710
645
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840
410
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565
440
840
630
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445
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200
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107
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.0 3.75.0 405.0 4)5.0 4CO.O 415. 11 510,0 SSS.O
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.0 310.0 3i2,0 4)5.0 485.0 550.0 600.0 630.0
.0 286.5 197,5 4)2.5 465. 0 526.0 645.0 710.0
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.0 215.0 140.0 420,0 500.0 605.0 785.0 125.0
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.0 100.0 390.0 4)5.0 491.0 550.0 COO.O 640,0
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A -." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "OX" . RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'T KNOW". 'MSf » REFUSED DATA.
CUMULATIVE HUHBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV « STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR - STANDARD ERROR. MIN -
NUMBER OF MINUTES. PERCENTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEH NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Sourci: lung and Htptli, 1996.
H - DOER SAMPLE SIZE. HEAH . HEAN 24-HOtlK
MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES, MAX r MAXIMUM
a
1
K»
•fe.
I
g
C
3
a a
S. S.
<3 <5
!
-------
11
ll
§
Tiblt K-8J. SUtiittet for 24-Hour CuiuUtlvt Hutber of Minutes Spent In Active Sportt
I-
GROUP NAME
OROW COOK
STDEV STDERR HIH MM
-PBBCBNTILKS-
75 90
ALL
OENDER
GENDER
OENBER
AGE
AGE
AGE
ABE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
MCE
MCE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EHPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EHPLOYHEKT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYNEBT
EDUCATION
EOUCATIOH
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OP MEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
URONCH/EHPHYS
BRONCH/EWIiYS
BROHCH/ENPHYS
1:MALE
2 -FEMALE
SsREF
lil-4
2:5-11
JslJ-17
4:18-64
S;» 64
IsHHITE
2: BLACK
3; ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
SiHISPANIC
9: KEF
0:NO
1;YES
t-.DSS.
9.-REF
1:FULL TINE
21KWT TINE
3: HOT EMPLOYED
9;REF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
JiHIGH SCHOOL ORAD
1:« COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5; POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2:MIOHEST
Is SOUTH
4 sHBST
1 iHEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1: WINTER
2 i SPRING
1; SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
• iDK
0,-NO
IsYES
*tOX
O.-HO
1:YES
BsDK
1364
751
625
2
23
IDS
247
215
(42
is:
11)9
101
30
35
59
12
1250
120
4
10
561
375
17
352
9
€10
86
213
17)
its
112
333
2S4
479
311
902
402
116
423
425
220
1266
105
13
1343
3}
»
1131
43
10
1J3.994
136.711
10t, (28
142.500
103.696
115 8<8
148.170
137.460
120.315
88.007
IIS. 914
113.431
89.933
1J5.371
116 288
120.000
124.471
121.200
113. 7SO
102.000
137. 07J
m?f»
IK. 207
112.537
99.444
137.702
101.047
116.791
115.791
116.211
10(.44(
131.9(7
116.882
119.476
121,132
115.470
139.946
115.589
130.775
129.541
112.314
122.461
144.829
IDS. 000
125.491
72.091
16.175
124.101
130.0*00
14.000
112.125
120.777
100. (41
38.891
78.628
96.855
126. (27
124.516
110.376
80.207
116.1(8
96.788
79.214
112.306
91.326
1C. $76
113. 4*9
110.7*1
57.500
72.119
120.8)1
107.304
17.553
109.990
77.235
121.217
99.745
116.802
100.276
97.925
97.879
129.100
101.659
108. 6(4
10t. til
S7.840
135. 19(
115.201
105.017
115.123
118.325
109.594
145.121
110.416
113. 589
73.99«
41.139
113.190
112.563
39.147
3.0321
4.4014
4.0131
27.5000
16.3950
9.6472
1,0571
8.4919
4.35(2
(.5056
3.4421
. 9.2706
14.4625
11.96(3
11.18*7
24 . 9924
3,2094
10.1138
28.7500
22,8059
5.1011
5.5412
9.38(7
5.8625
25.7451
4.9083
10,7551
7,8550
7.5160
7. (235
9.2487
7.074(
(.3912
4,9650
6.1018
1.2577
K.15BO
6.4806
S.1061
5.5843
7.9775
3.0801
14.2314
30. (239
3. 0995
12.8815
14.5448
3.1026
17.1810
12. (007
1
1
1
115
5
10
2
5
1
1
1
5
5
15
1
40
1
1
(0
40
2
5
1
1
30
3
10
1
1
1
5
1
S
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
30
1
5
40
1
10
40
1130
1130
10GS
170
290
630
*7S
10(5
1130
380
1130
440
310
S53
520
300
1130
630
185
290
1065
1130
450
(00
210
1065
570
1130
525
(00
375
1130
570
975
625
650
1130
1065
(50
(25
1130
1130
1065
ISO
1130
3JO
155
1130
553
1SS
IS
20
15
115
30
30
20
15
IS
15
IS
10
10
20
15
40
15
IS
60
40
20
20
IS
10
30
20
15
20
IS
IS
10
15
18
15
25
IS
20
15
30
IS
IS
IS
IS
30
15
S
40
15
30
40
50.0 90.0 165 0 2(7.0
(0.0 105.0 180.0 285.0
38.0 75. 0 150.0 240.0
115.0 142,5 170.0 170.0
40.0 90.0 155.0 220.0
45.0 90.0 159.0 250.0
60.0 120.0 188.0 320.0
(0.0 110.0 110,0 2(5.0
45.0 90.0 1(0.0 250.0
30,0 (0.0 120.0 220,0
SO.O 90.0 165.0 270.0
45.0 86.0 1SO.O 240.0
30.0 (0.0 145.0 215.0
60.0 105.0 195. 0 270.0
45.0 115.0 145.0 240.0
60.0 9S.O 130,0 290.0
45.0 90,0 1(5.0 270.0
SO.O SO.O 147.5 240.0
(7.5 105.0 160.0 185.0
60.0 82.5 105,0 215.0
60,0 110. 0 180.0 285.0
45.0 90.0 1SS.O 24tfTo
60.0 95.0 160.0 235,0
30.0 70.0 150.0 270.0
45.0 90.0 120.0 280.0
60.0 110.0 180.0 285.0
30.0 60.0 135.0 22S.O
45,0 85.0 150.0 240.0
45.0 90.0 1(0.0 270.0
SO.O 90.0 150.0 250.0
40.0 (0.0 142.5 270.0
60.0 100.0 170.0 275.0
45.0 90.0 150.0 2SS.O
4S.O 90.0 1(0.0 26S.O
55.0 92.5 17S.O 295.0
45.0 90.0 150.0 240.0
59.0 100.0 180.0 300.0
4S.O 15,0 1SS.O 240.0
(0.0 105.0 175.0 270.0
45.0 95. 0 178.0 290.0
43.0 77.5 143.5 240.0
45. 0 90.0 162.0 266 0
(0.0 110.0 180.0 300.0
60.0 (0.0 90.0 165 0
SO.O 90.0 165.0 270.0
30.0 50.0 60.0 180.0
60.0 75.0 115. 0 155.0
SO.O 90.0 1(5.0 2S7.0
45.0 110.0 1(5.0 270.0
60,0 7S.O 105.0 147. S
330
375
300
170
225
' 330
390
375
330
285
340
332
235
330
305
300
330
335
185
290
370
305
285
330
2(0
170
270
300
340
310
330
345
315
330
330
300
380
305
330
375
290
330
390
450
332
275
155
330
340
155
435 S2S
500 558
370 435
170 170
290 290
345 390
510 558
470 520
459 525
315 330
452 S30
430 435
310 310
553 553
345 520
300 300
435 515
520 553
115 185
290 290
452 558
380 525
355 4SO
475 520
280 280
470 558
510 570
420 530
418 475
310 450
3(0 375
485 SSI
430 440
410 4C2
500 52S
395 485
500 565
370 475
43S 51S
4(2 530
4(0 5(5
430 515
553 565
450 4SO
440 S25
330 )30
155 155
435 S20
553 551
155 155
s
&
I
I
!
5s
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1
wore: A •.' SIGNIFIES MtSSITO DATA. -OH5". RESPONDENT «EPtlEO -DON'T KHOIC . -HEF- . REPOSED DATA, H . DOER SAMPLE SIZE. HEM) . HBAH 24-KOUB OMIUlTtve KUHBtB d
HIHUTES TO* DOERS. STOW . STMIOAHC DEVIATION. CTSSR . STAHOAUD EBBOR. HIM - MIKHWH NUMBER OT HIKUTeS, HUE . MAXIKUM KUHBEH OP MIKUTES. PE»CElfIII,E! ARC ftfCf.T
•OF OOeHS BELOW OK EQUAL TO X GIVEN HUH8M Or HIHUTES.
tourcti Tung tnd Klrptli,
-------
T«bt« «•«. ItatUtlct
OHOU? NAME
Alt,
CniDER
GFJIDEK
CL11DCR
AGE
AGE
ACE
AGE
ACE
AUE
HACK
HACE
RACE
RACE
RACK
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTIMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BROHCII/iMPHYS
BRONCH/EMMIYS
BKOHCH/EMl-HYS
Qioitr coot
1:KM.E
2: FEMALE
9tREr
1:1-4
2:5-11
1:12-17
4:18-64
5:> C4
IsHIIITE
2; BLACK
IsASlAN
4:SOHC OTHERS
SiHISPANIC
9:REF
0:HO
1:YES
*;REF
It FULL TIHE
2: PART TIME
J:NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL ORAD
):< COLLEGE
4 .COLLEGE GRAD.
S:POST BRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2tHIDHEST
3: SOUTH
4 t WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2iHEEKEHD
1: WINTER
2 .SPRING
1: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
l.-YES
t:DX
0:NO
l:YiS
8:DK
OtNO
1:YES
I-.DK
H
Z5J
140
112
1
2
1)
21
27
158
12
225
16
1
2
4
1
2)8
12
)
60
104
19
68
2
64
22
59
54
fw
21-Hour Cu-jl.tlr.
KEAN
211
2)1
11)
420
337
ICC
206
15S
223
211
209
23}
203
327
77
308
211
175
308
177
210
205
244
1B7
176
259
23t
218
-225
-77J
,670
.000
.500
.518
.143
.074
.608
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.769
.175
.3)3
.500
.SOO
.3))
.101
.500
,3)3
.100
,740
.263
,441
.500
.7)4
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.20)
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JI 224.710
2)
52
54
84
6)
129
124
11
75
102
45
212
19
2
245
6
2
218
1)
2
157. 60S
189
212
217
220
197
225
196
198
221
20).
208.
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187.
206.
U9.
187.
212.
196.
187,
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.209
.806
.61)
.85)
.157
.5)3
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SOO
816
167
SOO
2)9
308
500
STDEV
ItS. 483
207. 40C
150.153
201. 525
177,064
156. ICC
128,279
192,973
20C.59)
182.74)'
2)1.300
262,218
1)0. BIS
53.929
209.424
187.071
141. OSC
209.424
150.024
15). 372
204.039
24S.03)
10.G07
145.322
177, 9C9
228.99)
172.205
193.060
118.178
160.879
228.412
175.267
179,714
195 316
114. 2CO
165.516
161,667
204.181
1*1.810
187.692
166.641
10.607
184.851
151.209
10.607
189.226
122.215
10.S07
STDKIW
11-C61
17.529
14.1M
142.500
4»,!09
34.078
24.617
15.152
36 521
12.181
57.825
151.192
92.500
26.964
120.911
12.12C
41.029
120.911
19.368
15.0)9
46.810
29.71$
7.500
11. 165
37.941
29.812
23.4)4
34.675
)7.1S)
22.310
31.013
19.12)
22.642
17.197
15.64*
29.728
18.661
20.217
28.895
12.12)
18.2)0
7.500
11.810
SI. 7)1
7.500
12.2CC
)3,B96
7.500
Ku*«r ef
HIH
5
5
S
420
195
15
30
5
S
5
S
S
30
2)5
20
180
5
IS
1(0
S
S
10
S
180
S
S
IS
5
20
S
S
5
5
10
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
15
1(0
S
285
180
5
S
180
HAJC
1440
1440
645
420
480
C)0
585
4CS
1440
7)5
1440
690
SOS
420
ISO
SSO
1440
511
550
630
610
690
1440
195
630
600
1440
690
690
7)5
690
1440
645
690
1440
690
585
690
1440
7)5
1440
570
195
1440
690
195
1440
370
195
NlnutK Sptnt In Outdoor Iccrmtlcn
| -FEUCIKTILES- ........
S 25 50 75 JO 95
20.0 CO 0 1(5,0 300.0 480,0 574.0
17.5 67. S 177.0 3)0.0 502.5 600-0
20.0 CO.O 150.0 255.0 380.0 52S.O
420.0 420,0 420.0 130.0 420.0 420.0
195.0 195.0 111,5 480.0 480.0 480.0
15.0 10.0 1)0.0 180.0 170.0 630.0
CO.O 90.0 165.0 245.0 160.0 S74.0
5.0 CO.O 1)5.0 225,0 420.0 420.0
30.0 80.0 172.5 110.0 505.0 585.0
5.0 )0.0 171.0 175.0 4SS.O 600.0
20.0 60.0 165.0 100.0 460.0 570.0
5.0 42.5 ISO, 0 450.0 585.0 690.0
30,0 10,0 75,0 SOS.O SOS.O SOS.O
215. 0 215.0 127.5 420.0 420.0 420.0
20.0 42. S 70,0 112,5 150.0 1SO.O
180.0 180.0 195.0 550.0 550.0 550.0
20.0 60,0 165.0 300,0 400.0 SB5.0
15.0 70.0 1SO.O 255.0 140.0 511.0
180.0 110,0 195.0 550,0 550,0 550.0
12.5 60.0 147.5 210.0 195,0 519. S
30.0 82.5 110.0 294.0 419.0 511.0
10.0 60.0 150,0 180.0 570.0 690.0
15.0 60.0 179.5 )7S.O 525. 0 690.0
180.0 180.0 187.5 195.0 195.0 19S.O
15.0 60.0 152.5 225.0 370.0 465.0
30.0 105.0 247.5 380.0 525.0 600,0
20.0 90.0 175.0 110.0 511.0 670.0
25.0 65.0 172.5 345,0 4CO.O 550.0
10.0 CO.O 150.0 325.0 505.0 645.0
10.0 50,0 10.0 200.0 170.0 480.0
10.0 60.0 162.5 211.5 170.0 574. 0
20.0 60.0 177.5 280,0 419.0 600.0
15.0 62. S 150.0 147.5 495. 0 525. 0
10.0 75.0 165.0 280.0 S4S.O 585.0
15.0 60.0 150.0 275.0 465.0 S2S.O
20.0 85.0 180.0 310.0 480.0 (00,0
S.O 60.0 165.0 280,0 440.0 SSO.O
25.0 75.0 110.0 270.0 4CS.O 545.0
10.0 7S.O 119.5 325.0 459.0 585,0
20.0 60.0 120.0 1)0.0 SOS.O 574.0
20,0 60.0 159.0 294.0 480.0 585.0
15.0 80.0 255.0 350.0 525.0 570.0
180.0 180.0 187. S 195.0 195.0 195.0
20.0 60.0 1CO.O 288.0 480.0 S70.0
215.0 310.0 345.0 420.0 C90.0 690,0
180.0 180.0 187.5 195.0 195.0 195.0
20.0 CO.O 165.0 100.0 495.0 585.0
5.0 117.0 160.0 110.0 140.0 170.0
180.0 1(0.0 187. S 195,0 195,0 195. 0
Jl
(70
(90
SIS
420
480
6)0
S8S
465
690
7)5
670
690
SOS
420
150
550
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Sll
550
585
600
690
715
195
S8S
600
690
S70
E90
7)5
670
7)5
COO
690
C70
690
585
670
690
7)5
690
570
195
670
C90
195
(90
)70
19S
»
(10
715
(10
420
480
6)0
585
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715
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690
505
420
ISO
550
690
Sll
550
610
645
690
1440
19S
£10
600
1440
690
690
715
690
1440
645
C90
715
£90
585
690
690
7)5
690
570
195
690
690
195
690
370
ISS
HOTE: h '.' SIGNIFIES HISSINO DATA. -OK" - RESK3NBENT REPLIED -DON'T WTOH" . -REF' » REFUSED DATA. N « DOER SAMPLE SIZE. HEAM « HEAN 24-HOOK
CtiHULATlVE NUMBER OP MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR « STANDARD ERROR. MIN « HININUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. KAX - MAXIMUM
HIIMHER 0¥ MINUTES. PERCEHTILES ARE PBRCtHTAOB OF DOERS HE]OH OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER Or MINUTES.
Iflure*: Tung end Ktepslt, 1PW.
9
I
.
I
a
4-
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-------
?«M« M-8S. st«K*tlcs for 24-Hour emulative Nuebtr of Minutes Spent In fxerefae
CROUP HAMS
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
MCE
IIACE
NACB
HACK
MACK
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF HEEK
DAY Of WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
AN t; i tin
hRONCII/EMl'llYS
IlkOHCll/EHI'HYS
HHUNCIi/EHI'IiYS
CROUP CODS
IsWLE
2: FEMALE
lsl-4
2:5-11
1:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
1: WHITE
2 .BLACK
1 .ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
SilllSI'ANIC
9:KEK
0:BO
i :YES
8:DK
SsREF
IjFULL TIHB
2. -PART TIME
1 ; NOT EMPLOYED
- 9.REF
li« HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL ORJUJ
1 : < COLLEGE
4 .COLLEGE GRAD.
S:POST CHAD.
1 .NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
1; SOUTH
4 : WEST
1 : WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1: WINTER
2:SPKING
1: SUMMER
4 : FALL
O.NO
1:YES
1 DK
O.NO
1 . YES
«:DK
O.HO
I YES
(:DK
H
564
262
302
10
11
28
IS
407
75
480
34
10
14
19
7
SIC
30
1
7
72
300
50
1)9
3
(1
21
124
104
110
122
1)0
101
177
156
426
138
ISO
HO
192
02
523
37
4
55)
7
4
542
17
S
MEAN
77.429
B4.C76
71.142
76.500
127.271
132.500
67.829
77,572
54. 85)
78.015
74.706
46.100
BO. 214
63.000
128.571
76.872
76.551
65.000
128,571
99.014
72.663
85,980
72.681
113.311
101.976
58.210
81.048
80.856
71.627
60.861
88.42)
61.564
75.111
79.647
71.096
90.804
67.387
74.871
93.1(8
63.288
76.625
78.241
175.000
77.259
27.216
188. 750
77.098
64.588
157.000
STDEW
70.438
75.778
64.927
74.014
187.1(1
126.311
41.589
61.597
44.455
• 71.517
44.670
25.0)8
71.944
60.658
110.471
70.111
59.516
69.462
1)0.471
111.604
55.618
81.568
61.160
115.769
110.96)
66.062
61.0)7
70.181
62.548
38.368
77.649
44.))0
71.620
7S.131
C3.872
8C.S74
49.159
55 . 195
91.294
61.277
70.247
51,454
167.013
69.166
19.576
150.154
69.465
CO. 615
149.566
STOCKS!
2
4
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23
56
24
7
3
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1
7
7
19
13
49
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9
40
49
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11
5
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12
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£
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3
6
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6
3
7
4.
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6.
6.
3.
8.
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7.
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2.
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CC,
.9660
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. 7624
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.0(85
.6543
.1040
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.1527
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.3742
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.6609
.8818
.9617
.4717
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,3697
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6817
5888
9878
0717
4590
5165
9497
1992
1769
98)8
7062
8810
NIN
4
5
4
15
IS
IS
IS
4
6
4
IS
IS
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IS
10
4
IS
20
10
IS
5
10
4
10
IS
10
4
IS
5
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10
10
%
4
4
6
8
10
S
4
4
20
10
4
6
60
4
10
IS
1
KAX S 25
670
670
525
270
670
525
180
480
195
870
250
95
275
265
160
670
265
145
360
670
460
420
480
270
670
100
298
480
460
240
450
300
S2S
670
670
525
2BS
ICO
670
460
670
275
160
670
60
360
670
275
160
15.0 10.0
20.0 10.0
15.0 30.0
15.0 30.0
1S.O 10.0
25.0 60.0
20.0 30.0
20.0 30,0
10.0 25.0
15.0 10,0
1S.O 45.0
15.0 10,0
30.0 10.0
1S.O 30.0
10.0 55,0
15.0 10.0
20.0 30.0
20.0 20.0
30.0 55.0
20.0 30.0
20.0 30.0
20.0 30.0
10.0 30.0
30.0 30.0
25.0 30.0
10.0 28.0
1S.O 30.0
20.0 10.0
20.0 30.0
1S.O 30,0
15.0 30.0
15.0 30.0
15.0 30.0
20.0 10.0
15.0 30.0
1S.O 10.0
15.0 30.0
1J.5 30.0
20.0 30.0
15,0 30.0
15,0 30.0
20.0 45.0
10.0 35.0
15.0 30.0
6.0 10.0
60.0 62.5
15.0 30.0
10.0 10.0
15.0 60,0
PERCENTILES -
SO 75 90 95 91
60.0 100.0 150.0 195.0 275.0
60,0 117.0 16S.O 205.0 2B5.0
60.0 90.0 125. 0 175,0 2CS.O
60.0 90.0 187.5 270.0 270.0
60.0 1SO.O 160.0 670.0 C70.0
90.0 180.0 275.0 450.0 525.0
60.0 100.0 120.0 151.0 180.0
60.0 100.0 145.0 185.0 265.0
40.0 70.0 120.0 150.0 191.0
60.0 100.0 150.0 194.0 2B5.0
60.0 10S.O 120.0 130.0 250.0
41. S 60.0 82.5 95,0 95.0
47. S 90.0 179.0 275.0 275.0
45.0 60.0 160.0 265.0 265.0
60.0 270.0 360.0 360.0 360.0
60.0 99.0 14S.O H3.0 275.0
60.0 110.0 160.0 250.0 265.0
10.0 145.0 145.0 145.0 145.0
60.0 270.0 360.0 360.0 160.0
60.0 120.0 110.0 275.0 S2S.O
60,0 90.0 130.0 179. S 240.0
60.0 92.0 167. S 300.0 390.0
60.0 90.0 135.0 195.0 240.0
40.0 270.0 270.0 270.0 270.0
60.0 120.0 20S.O 275.0 S2S.O
30.0 60.0 90.0 165.0 100.0
60.0 115.0 179.0 205.0 2SO.O
60:0 112.5 1SO.O 170.0 240.0
60.0 96.0 110.0 110.0 285.0
60.0 80.0 110.0 127.0 165.0
60.0 120.0 200.0 240.0 297,0
60,0 89.0 115.0 120.0 170.0
60.0 90.0 150.0 1(5.0 291.0
60.0 104.0 130.0 163 0 270.0
60,0 90,0 130.0 1(0.0 240.0
60.0 120.0 200.0 265.0 420.0
60.0 90.0 127.5 175,0 212.5
60.0 90.0 147.5 181.0 220.0
62.5 120.0 180.0 2SO.O 450.0
45.0 75,0 120.0 135.0 300.0
60.0 100,0 150,0 185.0 265,0
65.0 100.0 120.0 200.0 275.0
165.0 315.0 360.0 360.0 160,0
60.0 100.0 145,0 191.0 265.0
25. 0 45.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
167.5 315.0 360.0 360.0 160.0
60.0 100.0 145.0 185.0 265. 0
50.0 63.0 120.0 275.0 275.0
80.0 270.0 160.0 360.0 160,0
— 1
9*
420
4SO
160
270
670
525
1(0
100
195
450
250
9S
275
265
360
420
265
145
ICO
670
291
420
265
270
670
100
265
420
297
185
420
215
480
460
298
460
240
298
525
480
420
275
180
420
60
160
420
275
160
3»>
•>
'!'
S
NOTE.- A V SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "DK" * RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'T KNOW. "REF" « REFUSED DATA. N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAH < KEAN 24 HOtfR
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES-FOR DOERS. STOEV .STANDARD DEVIATION, STERR . STANDARD ERROR. MIN • MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX . MAXIMUM
NUMBER Of HINUTES. PEHCEMTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOEHS BELOH OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
toureti Tuni Kid KlijMli, 1W*.
I
3
a
l
a
-------
Ubtt U-eS. It.tlitlcl for 2«-Koor Oiwlltlvt Meter ol HfnuUI Spent In food rrcfxrit len*
I
R
I
e
GROUP KAMI
ALL
GEMOE*
CCIIOCR
ACE
ACE
AGE
AGE
ACE
AGE
RACE
RACE
ItACG
WE
KACB
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EWPLOYHBIT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS RF.CIOH
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF HEKK
HAY OK HKRK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTIIHA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANfilNA
URONCH/ENVIItS
IIHOHCII/KMMIYS
llliONni/KMHIYJ.
cioor coos
liHALE
2 -.FEMALE
lll-4
2i5-ll
1:12-17
4:li-C4
St> C4
1: WHITE
2! BLACK
3: AS] AN
4i.SOMK OTIIKBS
iiHIJil'ANlU
9:*EF
0:NO
I: YES
• iDK
9:REF
IsFULL TIME
2 s PART TIME
3 sHOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:« HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD,
5: POST GRAD.
1 : NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
JiSOUTN
4:HEST
1: WEEKDAY
2:H£EKENO
1:M1NTER
2: SPRING
i: SUMMER
4: FALL
O-.NO
1:YBS
I.-DK
0-KO
IsYES
B;I)IC
0:NO
I:YBS
8:DK
H MUM STDEV
427( 52 3100 52. (102
1J4I 37. I10< 42.1779
2917 59.0177 55.1620
94 52.0000 41.2171
24 56.158! £0.3699
CO 25,1667 29,6877
Ul 21.7021 17,6902
3173 52.0905 S2.87C6
796 CO. 5025 54. (690
1514 51.6205 53.2589
177 57.0265 52.2891
62 54.0000 41.6224
M 50.5»0!> 51.2168
IJ2 59.J12I 49.7947
57 53.1404 49.2970
3960 51.84(0 52. (015
254 59.2244 56.7225
20 54.9500 53.2002
44 $8,6116 53.2957
210 27.1(67 40.5467
19SI 45.4174 44.6734
429 53.3643 55.3474
162S 63,6357 57.75»7
35 51.5429 (6.7801
291 J1.7079 42.6211
450 61.2556 51.2121
1419 SB.I3S2 56.665!
9S4 52.0073 52.2377
659 46.2018 41.0775
475 46.1121 48.7174
952 S2.3120 51.2054
956 53.2333 51.1119
1451 51.1944 51.4621
917 49.9073 52.7204
29»5 SO. 0571 49.9790
128J 57.7693 5(.7687
1173 50.6206 48.4464
1038 54.1(92 54.4840
1148 51.3972 S4.JS54
919 51.5375 54.5349
1941 52.0411 53.1G05
100 57.1413 49.4425
10 47.6111 44. (119
4091 52.1936 52.9711
149 56.8054 48.2177
18 S3. 9717 60.4161
4024 52.0111 51.0961
216 56.9074 46.6131
18 62.1947 61.7011
fTDEIK
0.1085
1.1518
1.0101
4.4575
12.1229
1.1127
3,2930
0.9117
1.S177
0.8896
2.6910
S.111S
S.55JO
4.1141
(.5295
0.81S9
3.5591
11.8959
f .0146
2.79B1
1.046)
2.7007
1.4328
11.2879
2.498S
2.S094
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.6911
.8728
.2162
.7244
.6751
.4025
.7410
.9112
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.4204
1.6911
1.5992
1.79(9
0.84(4
2.854S
8.1815
0.8212
3.9518
9.1009
0.1170
1.1764
10.009C
HIM MAX
1
t
1
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
6
2
1
1
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1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
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1
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I
1
2
1
1
2
555
4*0
5SS
215
240
120
185
55S
525
555
190
210
295
315
210
5S5
420
240
210
305
4(0
520
555
140
1(5
555
520
525
515
175
480
520
555
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555
420
480
52S
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520
555
272
195
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140
240
555
240
240
...
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s
5
5
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2
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5
5
5
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5
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5
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2
5
5
2
25 SO
20.0 15 0
11.0 30 0
25. 0 45.0
20.0 40 0
22. S 10.0
5.0 110
5.0 10.0
20.0 15.0
25.0 45. 0
19.0 35.0
20.0 40.0
20.0 SO.O
15.0 31.5
21.5 SS.O
20.0 40.0
20.0 15.0
20.0 45.0
25. 0 45.0
27.5 17.5
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1S.O 10.0
20.0 40.0
29.0 45.0
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22.0 45.0
20.0 14.5
15.0 10.0
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20.0 40.0
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19.0 1S.O
20.0 40.0
18.0 15.0
20.0 38.5
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20.5 45.0
10.0 12.5
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75 >0
65
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67
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115.0
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110.0
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10S.O
115.0
110.0
120.0
111.0
120.0
112.5
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75.0
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120.0
110.0
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96.0
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10S.O
105.0
130.0
110.0
120.0
110.0
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110.0
120.0
117.5
115.0
120.0
120.0
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150
195
155
150
HO
107
70
145
150
145
150
130
ISO
115
180
145
1SS
100
180
90
110
125
170
195
120
ISO
155
ISO
125
115
140
150
ISO
135
112
110
115
ISO
117
155
145
160
120
150
135
240
145
ISO
240
H
210
150
224
US
240
120
90
210
240
210
210
175
210
225
195
205
240
340
210
120
ISO
205
240
140
155
197
240
210
1(0
200
205
210
195
225
180
240
19S
224
201
200
210
199
19S
210
110
240
210
198
240
1
it
2(5
210
272
215
240
120
90
2(5
270
2(5
240
210
295
285
210
255
115
240
210
110
240
255
275
140
195
225
110
245
224
270
255
2C5
24S
265
240
100
240
2(5
100
2(5
265
240
195
265
210
240
265
210
240
HCTK: A -.- SIGNIFIES MlSSiNG DATA. 'UK' • RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'T KNOH" . •REF" « REFUSED DATA. N » DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN • MEAN 24-IIOUH
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOEHS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR . STANDARD EURO*. M1N « MINIMUM NUMBER OF MIHUTBS. MAX . MAXIMUM
NUMBER OF H1NBTES. PERCENTILES ARE PERCEUTAGg OF DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEH BOMBER OF MINUTES.
* lrrl»V« fnnH rrtr*rit\en mi OtltW haMMhold Nark.
Ineludn
(ouret: I«tn(
food
•nd (l
si
o
a
I
-------
i 5
S g
S
Teblt 14*ar. Statistic! for 24-Hour CwuUtlve Nutter of Minute* Spent Doing Dlttiw/Ltundry1
GROUP CODI
MEAN STDEV STDKfiR KIN M*X
---- miCEMTIUM-
50 75 90
95
98 99
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
ACE
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF HEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SKASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EMPHYS
BRONCII/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMPHYS
1:MALE
2 : FEMALE
1:1-4
2:511
3sl2-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
1:BHITE
2 i BLACK
3:AS1AK
4: SOME OTHERS
SsHISPAHIC
9RF.F
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
9: REP
1 FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9: REP
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2:MIOMEST
: SOUTH
:MEST
: WEEKDAY
: WEEKEND
iMINTER
: SPRING
: SUMMER
iFALL
O.HO
l;WS
»:DK
0:NO
1:¥BS
8:DK
0:NO
1:YSS
8:DK
1865
. 124
1S41
12
10
20
47
1171
385
1560
170
19
25
71
20
1732
112
7
14
73
776
214
789
13
9)
216
683
422
262
181
471
4 OS
602
387
1270
595
501
431
S10
414
1712
147
6
1790
66
9
1746
112
7.
61.7182
46.1142
65.0837
41,7500
49.1000
34 2500
32.6509
63.2)56
63.4416
62.217)
57.8471
56.7368
45.9600
69.0141
60 . 7500
61.3077
68.2589
75.7141
62.5000
15.1288
S6.9S49
63.7243
68.5234
58.2301
17.5253
69.7824
67.3616
64.3033
51.4466
S3. C811
59.5221
60.12)5
65.8156
59.8140
S9.S402
66.5864
65.3479
62.7761
61.7294
56.490)
61.9511
60.8912
36.6667
62,0781
54,7576
55.5556
60,5063
82.7141
46.714)
68.694
50.179
71.791
46.490
66.S4S
28.799
10. SOI
67.104
79.738
(9.493
60.026
51. 70S
41.361
7S.626
204.217
68 . 206
71.468
66.54*
122. 266
37.364
61.420
64.791
76.296
59.448
if. ess
69.956
76.746
72.277
49.386
60.201
60.067
61,244
75.076
69.562
68.798
68.909
79.461
67.751
62.801
6), 125
69.640
60.620
41.791
69.213
62.985
44.190
65.326
109. SOS
51.40)
1.5953
2.7877
1.8289
3.218)
21.0434
6.4395
4.4619
1.8123
4.0638
1.7595
4.6018
11.1620
8.2721
8.9752
21.1037
1.6389
6.7511
2S.1S26
12.6770
4.1732
2.2766
4,4290
2.7162
16.4878
j.easo
4.7S99
2.9166
1.5184
3.0S11
4.4507
J, 7677
1.3911
1.0599
1.5160
1.930S
2.8250
3.5430
1,2171
2.7809
1.1024
1,6811
4.9999
17.0620
1.6)59
7.7529
14.7101
1.5614
10.3473
19.4284
1
1
1
10
3
1
2
1
1
1
5
3
5
J
S
1
1
10
S
1
2
2
1
10
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
I
S
1
2
2
1
1
2
10
1
S
10
1
3
2
825
360
825
225
210
92
ISO
S6S
825
825
390
210
ISO
325
475
825
125
180
475
210
565
140
825
110
210
570
825
475
260
160
SCS
480
82 S
570
825
56 S
825
450
565
570
825
375
120
825
3)5
120
565
82S
120
10,0 20.0 10.0 80.0 150.0
10.0 15.0 30,0 60.0 120.0
10.0 20.0 35.0 90.0 150.0
10.0 1S.O 30.0 S5.0 90.0
3.0 5.0 22.5 55.0 165.0
15 1S.O 10.0 57.5 82.5
5.0 10.0 20.0 45.0 65,0
10,0 20.0 10.0 90.0 ISO.O
9.0 20.0 1S.O 80.0 115.0
10.0 20.0 10.0 84.5 147.5
5.0 17.0 30.0 75,0 150.0
3.0 15.0 30.0 90.0 120.0
10.0 15.0 30 0 80.0 120.0
5.0 20.0 15.0 105.0 200.0
7.5 15.0 10.0 60.0 127,5
10.0 20.0 10.0 80.0 140,0
S.O 20.0 30.0 102, S 180.0
10.0 15.0 SS.O 150.0 180.0
S.O 15.0 25.0 35. 0 120.0
1.0 15.0 20.0 50.0 10.0
10,0 20.0 10.0 70,0 125.0
10.0 15.0 10,0 90.0 151. 0
10.0 25.0 40.0 90.0 1SB.O
10.0 10.0 30.0 100.0 150,0
1.0 10.0 30.0 SS.O 90.0
10.0 26.5 45.0 90.0 151.0
10,0 20.0 40.0 90.0 150.0
10.0 20.0 10.0 85,0 155.0
10.0 15.0 30.0 70.0 120.0
S.O 15.0 10.0 60.0 120.0
10.0 20.0 35.0 75.0 1)5.0
5.0 15,0 10.0 75.0 ISO.O
10,0 20.0 15.0 90.0 150,0
10.0 1S.O 10.0 70.0 150.0
9.0 20.0 10.0 75.0 137.5
10.0 20.0 40.0 90.0 ISO.O
10.0 20.0 30.0 90.0 150.0
10.0 20.0 35.0 75.0 150.0
10.0 20.0 40.0 90.0 140.0
80 15.0 30.0 65.0 1)0.0
10,0 20.0 30.0 05.0 150.0
10.0 20.0 30.0 76.0 151. 0
10.0 10.0 25. 0 30.0 120.0
10.0 20.0 30.0 85.0 150.0
9.0 25.0 )0.0 60.0 120.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 90.0 120.0
10.0 20.0 10,0 60.0 140.0
5,0 20.0 57.5 102. S 170.0
2.0 10.0 30,0 120.0 120.0
190
115
200
150
210
91
90
198
19S
190
180
210
120
22S
105
180
22S
180
475
120
180
205
210
180
120
195
205
210
158
190
180
198
210
210
190
210
210
190
180
195
195
180
120
190
200
120
190
240
120
255
210
270
22S
210
92
ISO
245
2SS
270
215
210
ISO
275
475
250
270
180
475
ISO
240
240
285
190
180
245
28S
28S
200
245
210
240
270
270
245
275
100
285
240
210
270
250
120
255
315
120
2SO
1(0
120
335
260
140
22S
210
92
150
335
375
335
240
210
ISO
325
475
315
275
180
475
210
3)5
27S
175
180
210
315
405
160
225
110
285
285
160
145
110
140
160
115
270
270
IIS
255
120
115
3)5
120
125
570
120
s
a
Jf
-i
I
•
3s
Jb-
a
i
NOTE; A *." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA, 'DK" - RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KUDU'. "REP" « REFUSED DMA. N « DOER SAMPLE SIZE. HKftM • MESH 21 Itllim
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION, STEftR • STANDARD ERROR. HIM • MIHIHUH NUMBER OF MINUTES, MAX -- MAX I H>:M
NUMBER OF MINUTES. PERCENT ILE3 ARE PERCENTAGE OP DOERS BELOH OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.'
* Inctwfci food clnntv, clethw c*r*
Source: Uwg md Kiipel*, 1996,
-------
Tablt K-B8. Jtittitlt. for 24-Hour CuwUttvt IW**r o» Hliwltf Sf*nt In
GIOW HMtZ
JU.L
GCNDCT
CEHOER
ACE
tat
ABB
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACK
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATIOII
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY Of HEEK
DAY OF KEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTIlMli
ASTIIHA
ANGIIM
ANGiHil
ANGINA
BKOHCK/EMPIIYS
BRONCtl/EMWIYS
BRONCH/EMPIIYS
cxour cooi
l:HAtE
2s FEMALE
ltl-4
2iS-ll
)U2-17
4!l8"64
5t> «4
liMHITG
2: BLACK
I: ASIAN
4.SOHE OTHERS
SilllSPSHIC
9:REF
0:HO
I lies
e-.DK
9: REP
1:FOLL TIHE
2; PART T1HB
3. -NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1;< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL CRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
Si POST GRAB.
I: NORTHEAST
2 ; MIDWEST
J: SOUTH
4:HEST
1:HEEXDAY
2: WEEKEND
1: WINTER
2:SPRlN
-------
S iQ
11
II
I
TabU 14-89. SUtlitin for 24-Hour Cunulntlve Nwfcer of Minutes spent lathing*
I-
QRQDP CODE
S1DEV STDERR KIN MAX S 25 SO 75 90
ALL
QEHDER
GENDER
GENDER
ACE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HACK
IIACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION '
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
(,'KHSUS RHilOH
DAY OF MEEK
DAY Of WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTItHA
ASTNHA
ASTHMA
AMQINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
uRoNnii/miws
IIKONCH/KMI'IIYS
BRQNCH/EMWIYS
I sHALE
2 : FEMALE
9*REF
1:1-4
2.5-11
1:12-17
4:18-64
S:> 64
1: WHITE
2: BLACK
1 ASIAN
< ':(>MK OTIlHi';
L: HISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
1:YES
SiDK
9; REP
1:FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
- 3: HOT EMPLOYED
»iREF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL QRAD
1st COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE CHAD.
St POST GRAD,
1: NORTHEAST
2 :HIDHEST
1: SOUTH
4 i WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1: WINTER
2: SPRING
Is SUMMER
4s FALL
0;NO
1:YES
*;WC
0;NO
1:YES
8:DK
0:NO
1:YES
9:DK
6416 26.08(2 29. £711
2930 24.241S H.0251
1414 27.6372 28,4021
2 20.0000 14,2421
114 29.0088 11.9855
110 29,9727 19.4226
438 25.7511 35 3161
444 23.1216 11,7071
4183 25,4312 27.1553
707 29.9121 14 5020
5117 2S, 0211 '21.5494
707 31.4851 31.5524
112 26.1786 39.7661
122 10.2211 37 2726
290 28.7786 59.2648
78 27,5769 10 3235
5915 25.1*11 18.5411
186 21.7510 40.5582
11 25.7S7C 16.7721
62 24.2511 17,22(1
1139 36.1329 26.4281
3095 24.1499 25.0984
551 24.7616 21.24(1
152B 30.3161 39.9341
46 10.4141 45.1760
1110 25.6759 26.4094
474 31.1122 51.0129
17S8 25.1220 23.5699
1289 26.4099 27,9318
897 25.1811 14.8197
669 22.7788 23.0661
1444 25.0478 24.2522
1402 24.8020 10.2958
22(6 27.4086 16 0995
1104 26.5238 18.80*2
4427 25.2896 10.2911
1989 27.8527 28.1C89
1796 26.8580 26.9167
1(45 28.5854 41.0512
1744 23.9295 20.7141
1211 24.6653 25.5885
5912 26.0658 10.0171
468 2C.S427 22.9541
1C 21,1189 44,0728
C241 26.0042 29,0175
111 11.1450 49.5427
42 22.1905 40.9151
6112 26.0545 29.1570
2(8 27.2163 22.1620
16 22.4722 44.0859
0.1704
O.S7J2
0.4812
10.0000
1.6511
1.0692
1.6875
0.8878
0.4102
1.6717
0.1991
1.1 866
2.0126
2.4(91
2.3465
4.SSS7
0.3736
1.8198
2.9197
4.7278
0.766S
0,4511
0.9841
1.0216
f .6(01
0.7242
2.4150
A. 5(21 •
0.7511
1,1626
0.8918
0.6182
0.8091
0.5481
1,0747
0.4551
0.6316
O.C1S1
1.0121
0.49(5
0.7291
0,1907
1.0611
7.1455
0.3(71
4.1286
6.1114
0,1819
1.35)8
7.3477
1
1
1
10
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
I
2
3
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
!
1
705
705
555
10
100
170
690
210
555
70S
70S
!!95
270
240
546
275
705
570
65
275
(90
555
295
70S
275
690
S70
279
255
70S
257
1(0
570
100
705
70S
555
546
70S
270
140
70S
210
275
705
S46
27S
705
ISO
275
5
S
5
10
5
10
5
5
5
S
5
5
S
8
5
5
S
S
10
5
S
S
S
5
S
5
S
S
S
S
5
S
5
S
S
5
S
S
5
S
5
5
5
5
S
S
5
S
S
S
10
10
10
10
10
15
15
10
10
10
10
15
15
IS
IS
10
10
IS
IS
10
IS
10
10
10
Id
15
IS
10
10
10
10
10
10
IS
10
10
IS
11
.15
10
10
10
15
10
10
IS
10
10
1]
10
20.0 10.0 50 0
20.0 10.0 4S.O
20.0 10. 0 60.0
20.0 10.0 10.0
20.0 10,0 60. 0
10.0 11. 0 54.5
20.0 30.0 45.0
18.0 10.0 4S.O
20.0 10.0 50,0
20.0 10.0 (0.0
20.0 30.0 45.0
22. 0 40.0 60,0
20.0 30.0 60.0
27.5 )S.O 50.0
20.0 11. S 54,5
15.0 10.0 60.0
20.0 30,0 50.0
20.0 )0.0 50,0
20.9 10.0 55,0
15.0 25.0 10.0
20.0 10.0 45.0
15,0 10.0 45.0
20.0 30.0 46.0
20.0 10.0 60.0
15.0 10.0 55.0
20.0 30.0 45.0
20.5 11.0 60.0
20.0 10.0 50.0
20.0 30.0 55. 0
15.0 10.0 50.0
15.9 30.0 45.0
20.0 10.0 50.0
15.0 30.0 45.0
20.0 10,0 SS.O
20.0 10.0 48.0
20.0 10.0 45.0
20.0 10.0 60.0
20.0 10,0 SO.O
20.0 3D. « 60.0
19.5 10.0 45.0
17.0 10.0 SO.O
20.0 10,0 50, «
20.0 30.0 46.0
15.0 25.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 50,0
25.0 39.0 SO.O
15.0 25,0 30.0
20.0 10.0 50.0
20.0 10.0 60.0
1S.O 22.5 10.0
60.0
60.0
75.0
30.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
85. 0
60.0
80,0
75.0
60.0
(2.5
100.0
60.0
(0,0
65.0
(0.0
60.0
CO.O
SO.O
85.0
105.0
60.0
85.0
60.0
75.0
65.0
(0.0
(0.0
60.0
65,0
60,0
(0.0
68.0
(0.0
70,0
60.0
(0.0
(0.0
(0.0
10. a
60.0
60.0
10.0
60.0
eo. a
10.0
90
75
10S
10
105
85
60
65
90
120
90
120
90
• 100
9D
19S
90
90
65
105
75
85
90
120
275
75
110
90
105
105
85
90
85
100
90
90
100
90
115
80
95
90
100
275
90
105
275
90
95
275
120
too
135
10
275
90
75
90
120
ISO
115
170
90
150
155
275
120
140
65
275
90
110
110
155
275
90
100
120
ISO
115
100
105
115
115
113
US
130
110
ISO
100
120
120
120
275
120
131
275
120
1)1
275
NOTE: A "." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. *DK" » RESPONDENT REPLIED 'OOM'T WOH*. *REF" • REFUSED DATA. N « DOER SAMPLE S12B. MEMI « MEAN 24-HIII1R
CUMULATIVE NIJHUER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STOEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR . STANDARD ERROR. HIM . MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES MM • HAXTHIW
NIIHBER Of MINUTES. PERCENT1LES ARE PERCENTAGE OP DOERS BELQM OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF H1I1UTES.
* Include* btby and difld c*T9t p*rcon«t c*r* icrylct*, washing and pcraontl Hyftatw CfcatMne, •hovtr, *te.l
tourets Ttmg
Mf»,
1996.
a
I-
o
i
i
I
a
-------
Tabta t«>90, StttUtlc" for 2<-Hcur Cuulitlv* Xuifctr of Minutes Spent In Ttrdusrk/Ktlnttmnci*
oour HAMI
ALL
COWER
COWER
AGE
ACE
ME
ACE
ACE
ME
RACE
HACE
UAre
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
III SPAN 1C
HISPANIC
EHPLOYHENT
EMPWYMEHT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS HEOION
CKNSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF HEEK
DAY or HBSK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTIIHA
ASTHHA
ASTHMA
AIK3IWA
AHC11NA
AN«INA
HUOHCii/KHi'HYS
IIIKIHCM/KMI'lIlfS
HKOHC1I/B4MIYS
OHOUP CODS
I: HALE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3112-17
4:l*-S4
Ss> 64
1 iMilTE
2: ! BLACK
J: ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
Si HISPANIC
JsRKF
OiNO
IjYES
«:DK
STREP
l:fULL TINS
2 1 PART TIME
3i«OT EMPLOYED
S:REF
1 : < HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
)t< COLLEGE
4; COLLEGE GRAB.
5: POST GRAB,
1 : NORTHEAST
2:H1DHEST
3: SOUTH
4 .'NEST
I; WEEKDAY
3:NEEKEHD
1: WINTER
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4; FALL
0:NO
liYES
B:DK
0:NO
I: YES
8:DK
0:HO
ItYES
6:DK
H
1414
104
610
20
12
It
54
1015
287
124*
77
1}
26
37
12
1311
65
I
ID
92
664
121
526
11
105
ISO
4(5
3 OS
211
168
291
314
431
371
(78
S16
289
431
45*
22)
1311
98
S
1360
42
12
13S2
57
S
HCAM
147. i»2
174.142
111.907
111. ISO
53. 167
96.154
IK. 000
150.215
149.300
151.518
114. 532
140.000
117.231
102. log
177.083
141.593
106.169
24t.7SO
203.500
106. (is
146.727
134.512
1S7.75S
2)1.545
113. 467
1S(.4S6
151.387
152.136
H5.355
142.196
140.491
145.096
152.689
149. S3!
140.860
158.882
139.349
162.221
137.917
14». 96S
116.917
149.265
312.000
145.339
192. 619
257. 083
141.477
114.649
312.000
STDCV
141. 216
160.1*1
121.179
170.345
10. (OS
IS. 532
116.751
154.4*6
131.134
1S0.20S
127,124
150.111
110.647
113.501
190.793
147.962
127.400
206. 4BO
200.056
101,779
155.188
130.790
147.022
Ui.724
113.154
164.764
146.915
157.011
l3fl.B19
147.773
119.641
143.219
156.360
149.345
140.751
159.191
151.711
ISO. 477
140.291
153.391
147.004
155.758
210.041
14S.050
201.363
216.716
148 531
121.176
230.043
StMM
1.142
5.641
4.J39
31.010
21.326
16.774
15.119
4.149
7.JOO
4.250
14.417
41.61)
21.700
18.661
55.077
4.056
15.802
73.002
63.263
10,611
6.014
11.890
6.410
59.91E
11.111
13.026
6.116
1.990
9.55S
11.401
6.116
B. 082
7.471
7.754
4.7SB
t, 876
1.924
7.190
6,555
10.137
4.062
15.734
102,879
1.S33
31.380
62,560
4.040
16.077
102.179
HIM
1
2
1
5
5
S
3
1
2
1
2
5
5
S
30
1
5
5
. 60
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
S
60
1
S
5
1
S
60
|
KAX 5
1010 5.0
1010 10.0
900 S.O
600 10.0
285 S.O
330 S.O
SOS S.O
1080 5.0
810 10.0
ioao s.o
750 S.O
425 S.O
3(0 S.O
5(5 S.O
600 10.0
1080 S.O
575 5.0
585 5.0
600 60,0
SOS 5.0
1080 5.0
554 5.0
BIO 10.0
600 2.0
600 S.O
900 7.5
140 S.O
1080 S.O
625 5.0
690 5.0
840 S.O
780 10.0
1080 S.O
750 S.O
810 5.0
1080 5.0
690 S.O
900 10.0
1080 5.0
720 S.O
1010 S.O
670 S.O
600 60.0
900 S.O
1080 15.0
600 5.0
10(0 S.O
460 S.O
600 60.0
25 50
45.0 100
60.0 110
10.0 75
60.0 IK
30,0 I:
1»,0 60
10.0 90
35.0 100
60.0 120
45.0 IDS
20.0 65
15.0 85
30.0 18
20.0 60
60.0 11
45,0 105
20.0 60
90.0 190
60.0 120
31. S 77
35.0 90
30.0 90
60.0 120
rmeurriLEf
IS »(! IS
0 205.0
-0 249.5
.0 145.0
.0 240.0
.5 112.5
.0 120.0
.0 150.0
.0 210.0
.0 205.0
.0 210.0
.0 165.0
.0 210.0
.0 171.0
.0 120.0
.5 21S.O
.0 209.0
.0 120.0
.0 420.0
.0 300,0
.0 147.5
.0 202.5
.0 200.0
.0 220.0
60.0 120.0 315.0
33.0 7S
45.0 111
SO.O 110
45.0 95
40.0 105
30.0 90
40.0 90
S5.0 95
45.0 111
40.0 104
40.0 92
SO.O 116
30.0 75
60.0 120
40.0 90
40.0 »7
45,0 100
.0 150,0
.0 210,0
.0 210.0
.0 210.0
.0 225.0
.0 1SO.O
.0 200.0
.» 195,0
.0 20S.O
.0 210.0
.5 190.0
.5 225.0
.0 195,0
.0 220,0
,0 180.0
.0 210.0
. 0 200.0
• 30.0 90.0 210.0
120.0 300
.0 480.0
45.0 100.0 200.0
60.0 142.5 255.0
52,5 232
45.0 105.
.5 472.5
.0 20S.O
30.0 60,0 135.0
120.0 300.0 480.0
360.0 470.0
415.0 510.0
277.5 360.0
467.5 570.0
171,0 285.0
210.0 300.0
285.0 3(5.0
360.0 480.0
130,0 420.0
360,0 180. 0
285.0 3SS.O
360.0 425.0
290.0 360.0
255.0 300.0
S10.0 600.0
360.0 465.0
25S.O 100. 0
505.o sas.o
555.0 600.0
240.0 330.0
360.0 490.0
117.0 390.0
370.0 4(0.0
465.0 600.0
2(5.0 360.0
412.5 492.5
345.0 460.0
360.0 473.0
330.0 465. 0
340.0 470.0
3)0,0 450.0
360,0 44S.O
375.0 4(0.0
150.0 4(0.0
345.0 460.0
380.0 510.0
160.0 480.0
360.0 4(0.0
310.0 440.0
390.0 4(0.0
355,0 465.0
445.0 480.0
600.0 600.0
155.0 465,0
465,0 4(5.0
510. 0 600.0
160.0 470.0
140.0 375. 0
600.0 600.0
1
« »>
570 655
600 170
465 S10
600 600
285 2(5
130 330
450 505
585 670
S25 630
575 660
405 750
425 • 425
1(0 380
565 S6S
600 600
S70 660
565 575
5B5 5(5
600 600
450 SOS
575 690
490 455
59S 6SS
600 600
4SO 505
595 810
575 690
600 630
525 513
570 630
525 600
560 6S5
5(5 635
575 690
560 625
600 690
565 600
570 700
SS5 C30
600 655
570 635
670 670
600 600
570 65S
10*0 10(0
600 600
S70 (60
40! 460
600 600
K4 Cr
wore; A ".- SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. 'OK* . RESPONDENT REPLIED -DOH'T I9IOH- . -RW « RBFUSTO DAT*. H . DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAD . HEAH 24-HOUH
CUMULATIVE WJHBER Of HINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV - STAKDRRD DEVIATION. STERR « STANDARD ERROR. Hilt - HIHIMOM NUMBER Of MINUTES, HAX . HAXIHUH
NIIMBF.R OF MINUTES. PERCBHTILBS MI PIRCENTAGI Or DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
* Include* cir rtpilr tirvle**, ettwr r*p«!r icrvic**, oth«r urvle**, outtfcor cleaning, car* r*p*lr Mtnttmnc*,
ottxr rtpatr*, plait c;r«, etf>«r howthold work, domestic crifti ami art*
louret: Htni «rrf ««f*U, 1996.
I
I—
•«X
I
I
!
I
I-
a
-------
Tiblt U-91. SMtiitlct for 2<-Hcxjr emulative Number of Minutes Spent In Sports/Exerclic*
GROUP HAMS
ALL
GENDER
CENDffi
GEtlOER
AGE
nas
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
KM'K
KACB
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPAHIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF MEEK
DAY OF KEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANU1IIA
ANGINA
M4UIHA
UBONni/EHPHYS
IlKCINCII/KMI'IiYS
mntwil/KHi'HYU
GROUP CODE
liHALE
2 ; FEMALE
9:REF
1:1-4
2:5-11
)i!2-17
4:18-64
5;> C4
1:HH1TE
2 i BLACK
3:ASIAN
4 : SOME OTHERS
S;HISPANIC
9:REF
OiNO
l-.YES
S:DK
JsRgr
IstVU, TIME
2: PAST TlHe
J:HOT EMPLOYED
9:RBF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
):< COLLEGE
4t COLLEGE GRAO.
SsPOST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2iMIDKEST
JjSOUTH
4; NEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1 :HINTER
2: SPRING
Ji SUMMER
4: FALL
OsNO
IsYBS
8:DK
0:NO
liYES
8 SDK
0:NO
1 : YES
8: UK
M KEAH
1852 116.322
SS8 130.669
192 100. 8S4
2 142,500
12 102.0)1
114 118.982
262 151. 498
237 134.717
992 109.692
21S 82.051
IS41 117.524
US 110.400
37 85,432
47 124,702
74 108.892
18 130,000
16-78 lit. 451
1S1 115, SSI
7 92.857
1C 120.000
606 138 658
644 102.315
125 115.272
465 107.219
12 102.917
CM 119,4(0
10} 96 243
J41 109.275
265 110,0(8
258 105.717
222 67.149
437 126.865
341 105.889
627 112.774
447 118.951
1264 107.154
SI8 116.029
448 104.094
533 121.452
S79 125.988
292 102.901
1699 114.927
117 112.111
16 129. OS)
1801 117.300
40 68.000
11 131.818
1712 116.226
56 119.429
14 11C. 071
STDEV
107.947
117.316
94.795
16.891
79.120
109.170
1)0. 580
122.228
100.801
75". 995
110.622
93.0(0
73.197
106.397
89.177
111.698
108.276
106.429
(2.773
110.000
123. ((5
94.146
91.110
104 , 105
87.917
123.81)
97.046
106. 483
94,836
92.204
79. 704
122.905
J4.380
104.846
105.629
94.026
130.966
104.10*
100,904
114.158
110.416
105,2)9
114.218
134.766
108.373
70.942
IIS. 02)
107.987
108. SIC
108.187
STDBHR
2.5004
1.7871
).1740
27.5000
14,0220
10.2247
8 0673
7.9396
1.2004
5.1821
2. 8160
8.0094
12.1485
1S.S19S
10.3SC7
26,)275
2. (412
8. 6510
21.72CO
27.5000
5.02)5
1.7099
8.1(88
4.S277
25.1794
4. (085
9.5622
5.7664
S.82S7
5.7404
5.1494
5.8791
S.1110
4.1872
4.9961
2.C447
5.4010
4.9187
4.3706
4.7525
6.4616
2.5532
11.4687
33.6966
2,55)7
11.5170
34.9623
2.5591
14.5010
28.V141
HIM
1
1
1
115
5
10
2
5
1
1
I
5
5
15
1
10
1
1
20
10
2
S
1
1
10
2
10
1
1
1
S
1
S
1
4
1
I
1
5
1
4
1
I
10
1
S
40
1
10
IS
I
KM
11)0
1130
1065
170
290
(70
975
1065
1110
380
11)0
440
110
551
520
420
1110
MO
185
420
IOCS
11)0
4SO
COO
260
1065
570
1110
S2S
COO
175
1110
570
975
(70
(70
1130
10(5
(50
(70
1110
11)0
IOCS
450
11)0
3)0
420
1110
55)
420
S
17.0
20.0
15.0
115.0
IS.O
25.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
10.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
30.0
17.0
15.0
20.0
10.0
20.0
20.0
IS.O
10.0
10.0
20.0
15.0
15.0
17.0
20.0
IS.O
15.0
20,0
IS.O
22.0
15.0
20.0
IS.O
25.0
15.0
15.0
17.0
15.0
10. 0
20.0
5.5
40.0
17.0
20.0
15.0
25
45.0
55.0
35.0
115.0
40.0
45.0
CO.O
CO.O
4S.O
10.0
45.0
45.0
10.0
40.0
45.0
(0.0
4S.O
4S.O
10,0
(0,0
eo.o
4S.O
45,0
11.0
40.0
CO.O
10,0
40.0
45.0
45.0
30.0
50.0
40.0
45,0
48.0
45.0
51. S
40.0
CO.O
45.0
40.0
45.0
CO.O
Co", o
45.0
10.0
CO.O
45 0
42.5
(0.0
PERCEHTILGS
SO 75 SO
85 0 150.0 25). 0
97.5 175.0 270.0
(5.0 1)0.0 210.0
142.5 170.0 170.0
80,0 1)7.5 225.0
90.0 159.0 250.0
120,0 200.0 1)0.0
110.0 179.0 2CS.O
75.0 145.0 240.0
CO.O 110.0 195.0
85.0 150.0 255.0
IS.O 15D.O 220.0
CO.O 95.0 210.0
S5.0 1(0.0 270.0
90.0 145.0 225.0
82.5 140,0 300.0
85.0 1SO.O 251.0
90.0 145.0 2«0.0
75.0 145.0 185.0
70.0 122.5 290.0
110.0 180.0 285,0
(7,5 1)0.0 225.0
90.0 1(0.0 220.0
70.0 135.0 250.0
75.0 1)0.0 270.0
110.0 180.0 285.0
80.0 1)5.0 210.0
75.0 1SO.O 2)5.0
10.0 145. 0 210.0
70.0 1)0.0 240.0
CO.O 105,0 201.0
95. 0 1(5.0 270.0
75.0 13S.O 240.0
80.0 150.0 250. 0
IS.O 1(0.0 250. 0
75.0 140,0 2)5.0
90.0 180.0 297.0
70.0 110.0 2)0.0
90.0 162.0 267.0
90.0 1CO.O 2(1.0
CO.O 127.5 225.0
IS.O 150.0 250. 0
90.0 1CS.O 2CS.O
CO.O 152,5 420.0
89.0 150.0 254.0
47.5 CO.O 172.5
90.0 155. 0 270.0
85 .0 ISO 0 250.0
75.0 172. S 270.0
85.0 140.0 270.0
95
316
355
285
170
270
3JO
415
1(0
100
270
320
)40
2)5
125
270
420
316
325
1(5
420
175
280
100
310
210
363
27«
285
305
297
290
338
210
11)
325
2IS
380
280
1)0
360
275
310
190
450
ne
2)5
420
115
340
420
• 1
9* 99
420 SIS
475 558
170 4)5
170 170
290 290
390 610
52S 510
470 520
4DS 510
)10 lie
435 525
4)0 4!5
310 310
55) 55)
345 520
420 420
4)0 510
415 55)
185 185
420 420
470 5(0
ICO 405
420 420
4C2 515
210 280
510 580
105 510
405 485
41* 47S
343 450
J5S )SO
470 558
4)0 438
410 4(2
475 525
175 485
4(2 558
ICO 420
420 500
470 S45
4CO 565
420 510
55) SC5
4SO 450
4)0 515
3)0 330
420 420
4)0 SIS
410 553
420 420
NWTC: A ".' SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. "DK" . RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOH". "REF" . REFUSED DATA. N « DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN . MEAN 24-HOUR
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. 8TDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STBRR « STANDARD ERROR. MIN - H1NIHUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX . MAXIMUM
mit-IBER OF MINUTES. PERCENTILES ABE PERCENTAGE OP DOERS BELOH OR EQUAL TO A OtVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
* Include* tctlw »porti, »irclii, hobfaltt
Sturm Tung and Kltpcli, IWa.
5s
*>.
1
a
I
I
-------
T»bU 14-«. SutUtlct for {(-KMT Euwlittw **btr el KlnuMs Eiilnf «• Brfnklm
*"™»
t
C«04)f HAKE
ALL
CCIIDER
GEllOCft
GEI1DER
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AOK
AUE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACK
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF KEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCII/EMI'IIYS
8KOIICII/EMMIYS
UHONCIi/KHt'llYU
ctour coot
l.HALE
2 t FEMALE
9-BEF
lil-4
2:5-11
1:12-17
4:18-04
S:» (4
1: WHITE
2:11 LACK
l-.ASIAN .
4:SONB OTHERS
5:IIISPANIC
9.-REF
0:NO
liYES
8:DK
9:REF
liFULL TIME
2! PART TIME
3: HOT EMPLOYED
SrREF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4 i COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2 iMIDHEST
1: SOUTH
4 i WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2'HEEKEND
1 iKIHTER
2:SPK1W3
}:SUHMER
4 ; FALL
0:KO
1:YES
S:DK
0;HO
1 : YES
8:015
0:NO
I: YES
B.DK
N
1(27
)979
4(44
4
1ST
492
660
S)»
54(4
1296
7049
101
141
161
MS
109
7861
(19
41
16
1695
1684
715
2472
61
1867
758
2)61
1612
1160
667
1916
1921
2960
1023
511)
2814
2)12
2222
2152
1721
7917
(35
55
8)18
24)
66
8169
197
Cl
HCAM
74 1121
75.8316
'74,0814
60.0000
7S.)24I
»3.4837
68.5412
SS.8S87
71.8671
91.7014
77.0051
59.9047
80.4054
(6.0417
(8.704)
74.2477
7S.SS9J
(8.2754
(0.4146
(8.9186
72.2081
70.6097
72,2112
81.9491
71.0492
70.8SOO
72.1206
74.8565
71.9217
78.4991
82.8166
78.2766
75.8117
71.1116
75.9989
71.2069
82.4741
76,0911
76.3096
71.4787
71.1161
75.2016
71.1732
(9.2909
74.5795
85.0288
15.6667
74.6605
»O.M99
6S.SSOB
STDEV
54.141*
56.2313
S3.6351
21.21)2
50.1255
52.8671
38.9518
34.1901
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60.328
61.820
52.9IS
100.66}
S2.C97
57.980
71.671
12S.780
41.422
81.880
106.514
8S. 209
14.341
81.262
STDERR
11.4727
48.9407
9.1075
10,3494
IS. 9670
31.1871
16.8527
20.5172
17.6311
14.5068
17.638}
10.5494
21.4201
4S.9191
16.8172
10.1494
21.7562
15.6275
21.0199
63.5801
67.9591
21.1291
14.5711
18.7011
20.1126
13.6063
17.4816
20,6916
36.3096
21.6550
13.7897
61.4962
11.4727
14.2565
37.2157
HIM
2
3
S
60
2
S
2
S
90
2
90
60
2
75
S
60
S
S
10
S
2
45
S
2
S
2
10
2
S
S
14
2
59
2
2
30
of Minutes
MAX
500
SOD
265
92
500
ISO
500
110
ISO
500
ISO
92
SOO
26S
210
92
ISO
265
1SS
SOO
2
SOO
210
265
ISO
SOO
210
210
26S
SOO
1SS
SOO
26S
SOO
SOO
265
|.-..
S
5,0
2.0
5.0
60.0
S.O
S.O
S.O
S.O
90.0
5.0
90.0
60.0
3.S
75.0
5.0
60.0
S.O
S.O
10.0
5,0
2.0
45.0
S.O
2.0
S.O
S.O
10.0
2.0
S.O
S.O
14.0
5.0
S9.0
S.O
5,0
10.0
Spent Indoors *t tht liundroiMt
PBRCEKTILBS
3S 10 75 90 55
54. S 91.0 120.0 1S2.S 237. S
115.0 120.0 1SO.O SOO.O SOO.O
SO.O BO.O 115 0 137.0 155.0
60.0 90.0 92.0 92.0 92.0
50.0 90.0 120.0 15S.O 265.0
SO.O 117. S 135 0 1SO.O 1SO.O
SO.O 90.0 120.0 1S5.0 265.0
34.0 IS.O 115 0 110.0 130.0
90,0 110.0 150.0 1SO.O 150.0
SO.O 90.0 120.0 1SS.O 265.0
90.0 110.0 150.0 150.0 150.0
60,0 90,0 92.0 92.0 91.0
42.0 81. S 115.0 142.5 121.5
17.5 85.0 177,5 265.0 265.0
45.0 115.0 137.0 150.0 210.0
60,0 90.0 92,0 92.0 92.0
60.0 112.5 130.0 150.0 150.0
59,0 90.0 120.0 210.0 265.0
34.0 115.0 120.0 1S5.0 1SS.O
45,0 70.0 110.0 SOO.O SOO.O
2.0 2.0 2.0 2,0 2.0
7S.O 126.0 140.0 500,0 500. 0
57. S 93.5 117. S 210.0 210.0
SO.O 76.0 115.0 155.0 265.0
15,0 100.0 117. S 150,0 1SO.O
SO.O 90.0 115 0 1SS.O 265.0
60.0 92.0 110.0 1SO.O 210.0
45.0 80.0 120.0 140,0 210.0
IS.O 71. S 120.0 110,0 265. 0
55.0 101.0 112,5 137.0 SOO.O
115.0 115.0 ISO 0 1SS.O 1SS.O
SO.O 90.0 120.0 150,0 210.0
59.0 115.0 26S.O 26S.O 265.0
54.5 91.0 120.0 152.5 231.5
SO.O 90.0 115.0 110,0 210.0
140.0 150.0 1SS.O 265.0 265.0
91
SOO
SOO
265
92
500
ISO
SOO
130
ISO
SOO
150
92
500
26S
210
92
ISO
265
155
500
2
500
210
26S
ISO
SOO
210
210
265
SOO
15S
SOO
26S
SOO
SOO
26S
-•!
99
SOO
SOO
265
92
SOO
ISO
SOO
130
ISO
SOO
ISO
92
SOO
265
210
92
ISO
26S
1SS
SOO
2
500
210
265
ISO
SOO
210
210
265
SOO
1SS
500
265
500
SOO
26S
f 1
-1 ">
S S
1 1
n" o
*3] **5
(S B
Q. Q.
2 3
MOTE; A -." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. *OK' - RESPONDENT REPMED "DON'T KHOW-. -RBF" . REFUSED DATA. H - DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN . MEAN 24-HOUR
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV - STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR * STANDARD ERROR. HIM - MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX - MAXIMUM NUMBER
OF MINUTES. PERCBHTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BStOW OR EQUAL TO A OIWEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
tourc»: Ttim ml tlep.lt,
IW*.
-------
00
1
S
R
«>
jjs
M
g.
S
te
a
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1
I«blt
HI-. U» H»HE
Ml
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>;M:I>UI
A ;K
iJ'.t.
Ai.t
(. it
W,t
AliE
KAi'B
HftiE
PACE
BACK
HAC'E
111 SPAM C
III SHAM 1C
IIISt'AlllL1
HISPANIC
KHPUiYMEirr
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMCMYMENT
EDUCATION
IOUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
KI1UCATIOH
CEHSUS REGION
CCHSIIS REGION
CKIISIIS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF HEEX
DAY OF KEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
UKASON
ASTKHA
ASTHMA
Am; HI A
AI1GINA
AI1Q I HA
BROMCH/EMPHYS
BKONCH/EHPIIYS
BHlTNCII/EMPItYS
K-W. IlitUtlct
ciout cool
1 MALE
2 FEMALE
1.1-4
2iS-H
)i!2-17
4;18-(4
5:> (4
1 (WHITE
3! BLACK
4 t SOME OTHERS
SiHISPANIC
9:R£F
Of HO
I: YES
8. UK
9tREF
liFULL TIME
2: PART TIME
]:NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
IK HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
J:« COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE ORAD.
5: POST GRAD.
1 : NORTHEAST
2:MIDMEST
3: SOUTH
4;HEST
1 : WEEKDAY
2:MEEKIND
1 iHlNTER
2: SPRING
J: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
0:NO
1:YES
8-.DK
0:HO
1:YES
B:DK
for «-K«ir
II HEAN
in 191.949
9« 415 271
41 297.195
4 5(8.750
2 200.000
4 11.750
2 207.500
121 409. (78
4 291.750
111 197.901
1] 179.211
1 405.000
9 314.778
1 840.000
121 381.702
12 361.083
2 S8S.OOO
2 717.500
8 118.750
97 440.712
21 141.190
S 250. 556
2 425.000
11 234.091
12 4(0.417
SO 409,600
29 161.897
22 405.682
11 441,692
22 405.545
26 418.577
68 179.707
11 191.710
121 401.84)
It 314.250
42 190.810
14 161. 324
41 400.902
20 441.750
124 191.218
13 400,923
113 J97.677
1 266.6(7
1 280.000
111 197.1)0
S 1)1.400
1 280.000
n«tl!.AT!VE NUMBER OF MIMUTSS FOR DOERS. STBEV .
ij» MINUTES. MERCENTtLtS ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS
CwuUt
STDEV
242.641
243 979
212.415
394.723
70.711
11.017
166.170
2J0.914
289.464
235.199
2)6.501
2(6.111
242.092
242.060
35.355
173.241
113.916
217.5(0
188.215
218.5(7
5i(.8S9
266.306
181.727
271.717
2)7.580
184. 22S
218.128
191.117
250,891
233.179
289.518
242.472
241.280
241.456
236.996
262.900
219.411
2)7.290
100.150
341.291
255,799
242.048
299,3(5
STANDARD
BELOH OR
u. *
StOEtl
20 7)1
24 901
31 174
197,3(2
SO. 000
5.541
117.500
20.994
144.732
22.12(
79.4(1
88.720
22.008
(9.877
25.000
122. SOO
40.27S
24.121
41.076
72.856
415.000
80.294
53.460
38.709
44.117
19.277
60.498
41.122
49.205
30. (18
52.001
22.04]
(0.820
17.257
40. (44
41.058
49.0(2
21.109
81.247
21.096
147. (86
21.148
133.880
*»r
,r*,B
1
HIM KAX
S
10
S
90
ISO
20
90
S
10
S
10
405
. 30
140
5
30
5(0
595
20
10
10
5
10
20
115
5
10
90
10
IS
10
5
10
5
1)
10
10
5
10
5
10
5
90
280
S
ID
280
DEVIATION.
979
979
710
940
250
4S
325
979
610
97S
850
405
79]
840
979
79]
(10
840
325
979
795
(10 ,
840
840
795
979
850
81S
791
765
940
979
960
979
795
960
840
979
793
960
979
979
S60
280
979
(19
280
STERR •
5 25
IS 0 110.0
20.0 245.0
15.0 90.0
90.0 247.5
150.0 150.0
20.0 25.0
90.0 90.0
IS.O 240.0
10.0 50.0
15.0 210.0
10.0 IS.O
405.0 405.0
10.0 95.0
840.0 840.0
15.0 180.0
)0.t 1)7.5
560.0 5(0.0
595. 0 595.0
20.0 ' 35.0
IS.O 100.0
115.0 240,0
5.0 95.0
10.0 10.0
20.0 40.0
115.0 130.0
15.0 150.0
10.0 1(0.0
150.0 240.0
10.0 360.0
90.0 320.0
11.0 180.0
10.0 150.0
20.0 90.0
15.0 210.0
11. 0 97.5
10.0 175.0
10.0 150.0
11,0 210.0
12. S 285. 0
20.0 180.0
1D.O 240.0
15.0 190.0
90.0 90.0
280.0 280.0
20.0 180.0
10.0 13.0
280.0 280.0
,-_ „
- -PEirtMTn.es
50 7S 90 JS *1
440.0 S55.0
472.5 597.5
280.0 49S.O
(23.5 890.0
200.0 2SO.O
IS.O 42.5
207.5 325.0
450.0 560.0
277.5 537.5
450.0 SS5.0
405. 0 510,0
405.0 405.0
245.0 440.0
840.0 840.0
405.0 550.0
170.0 SIO.O
585.0 610.0
717. S 140.0
67,5 200.0
480.0 58S.O
110.0 4)5,0
150.0 360.0
425.0 840. 0
150.0 325.0
4S5.0 557.5
4(3.5 (19.0
40S.O 510.0
37S.O S40.0
500.0 585.0
397.5 540.0
473.5 (10. 0
420.0 S40.0
40S.O 6)0.0
4SO.O 560.0
140.0 495.0
40S.O 550. 0
3(0.0 525.0
450. 0 570.0
490.0 (20.0
440.0 552.5
120.0 S90.0
440.0 S55.0
150.0 5(0.0
280.0 280.0
440.0 S5S.O
4(0.0 565. 0
280.0 280.0
STANDARD ERROR, M1H -
(62 810.0 940.0
7(5 840.0 9(0.0
550 590.0 780.0
940 940.0 940.0
250 250.0 250.0
45 4S.O 45.0
325 325.0 325.0
6(0 793.0 850.0
610 610.0 (10.0
(60 780.0 940.0
810 850,0 850.0
405 405.0 405.0
793 791.0 791.0
840 840.0 840.0
((0 795.0 940,0
660 791.0 791.0
610 610.0 610,0
140 840.0 140.0
12S 125.0 125.0
(90 815.0 9(0.0
590 610.0 795,0
610 (10.0 (10.0
840 840.0 140.0
(10 840.0 140.0
615 795.0 795.0
715 940.0 969,5
660 7(5.0 850.0
S95 64S.O 81S.O
(30 793.0 793.0
6(0 ((2.0 7(5.0
690 780,0 940.0
619 810.0 815.0
795 850.0 960,0
(60 810.0 940.0
690 795.0 795.0
6(0 7(5.0 960.0
(60 815.0 840.0
690 810.0 979.0
661 727.5 793.0
(60 795.0 650. 0
793 979.0 979.0
(62 810.0 940.0
5(0 560.0 560.0
380 290.0 380.0
662 (10.0 940.0
(19 (19.0 619.0
280 280.0 380.0
MINIMUM NUMBER OF
C,
-1
5»
9(0
979
780
940
250
45
325
9(0
(10
9(0
850
40S
791
140
9(0
791
610
840
125
979
79S
(30
140
840
795
979
850
BIS
793
765
940
979
960
960
795
960
840
979
793
940
979
960
560
290
9(0
(19
280
MINUTES. KAX . MAXIMUM NUMBER
EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Saurc*! Tung «nd Klip*l«, 1994.
t
I-
§•
I
-------
Ill
II
so ^
Ov FEMALE
1:1-4
4: It -*4
5:> 64
1 .'WHITE
2 i BLACK
4: SOME OTHERS
S -.HISPANIC
0:HO
1:YES
1:FULL TINE
2iPART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
li« HIGH SCHOOL
2; HIGH SCHOOL QRAO
):< COLLEGE
4; COLLEGE GRAB.
5: POST GRAD.
1: NORTH EAST
J:MIDHEST
3: SOUTH
4; WEST
1; WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1 ,-HINTER
2:5Ptt!NG
1: SUMMER
4 i FALL
0;NO
1:YES
0:NO
1:YES
0:NO
1:YES
*
for 24 -Hour Cumulative Umber
H MEAN STDEV
)4 82.029 151 651
11 105.545 166.006
23 70.783 146.139
1 485 000
2 20,000 21.213
21 61.036 120.923
3 185 000 271.359
25 70.720 14). 744
7 1)1,429 198, JSO
1 10.000
1 91.000 .
11 83.806 158.483
1 SI. (67 4S.479
2 20.000 21.21]
25 81.120 151.110
1 SOO. 000
6 21. SOO 33.934
2 20,000 21.21)
4 2)4.000 201.191
8 84.125 US. 008
6 146.333 220.347
12 13. SOO 24.247
2 50.000 (3.640
8 110.000 187.29)
10 19.100 10.101
1 197.000 211.975
8 17.750 29.159
2) 9J.957 172.770
11 57,091 9S.S»S
12 74.58) 158.092
4 44.500 41.615
1 20.250 12.012
10 155.400 205.719
12 06.688 1S5.244
2 7.500 1.5)6
3) 81.909 151.599
1 20.000
31 84.0(1 1S1.SJ2
1 15,000
NOTE: A *.* SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "DK" * RESPONDENT R
CUMUlJtTIVE NUMOER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STOBtf . STANDARD
OK MINUTES. PERCENT1LES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BIWJH OR
£•*
s1!
Court*: T»tn«
| mi Kltpcll, 190*.
STDEftk
26 008
50.05)
. )0.6I«
IS 000
22.852
157.824
28.749
75.196
28 464
26.SJ5
15.000
10.1(2
11.853
15.000
104.595
58.139
89.956
(.999
45.000
66.218
9.519
74.945
10.380
16.02S
28.941
45.6)7
20.84)
11. lit
65,061
27.44)
2,500
26.7)1
26 . 726
•
HIM
2
2
S
485
5
2
10
2
S
10
91
2
10
5
2
500
S
S
45
5
5
2
S
5
S
IS
2
2
S
S
10
2
5
2
S
2
20
2
IS
Of Mlnutt*
1
MAX
515
515
500
48S
35
SIS
SOO
SIS
SOO
10
91
515
91
15
SIS
SOO
91
IS
SOO
485
SIS
90
95
485
10)
SIS
90
515
32S
485
101
95
515
SIS
10
515
20
SIS
IS
DEVIATION. STERR .
EQUAL TO
5
S
2
S
48S
5
S
10
S
5
10
91
S
10
5
S
SOO
5
S
45
5
5
2
S
S
S
IS
3
S
S
5
10
2
5
S
5
S
20
S
IS
Sp*nt Indoors »t tt>e firy Clesnert
PRI)CENTII.BS
25 SO 75 90 $5 91
S.O 10.0 90.0 125.0 500 515
S.O 10.0 101.0 125.0 SIS 515
S.O 10,0 15.0 100.0 485 SOD
485.0 485.0 485.0 485.0 485 485
S.O 20.0 15.0 J5.0 35 15
S.O 10,0 55.0 100.0 325 515
10.0 45.0 500.0 500.0 SOO SOO
S.O 10.0 15.0 300.0 485 SIS
10.0 30.0 325 0 500,0 500 $00
10.0 10.0 10,0 10.0 10 10
91.0 91.0 91.0 91.0 91 91
5.0 10. 0 45,0 125.0 500 515
10.0 90. A 91.0 91.0 91 91
S.O 20.0 35 0 35.0 35 35
S.O 10.0 90.0 325.0 485 515
500.0 500.0 500.0 500.0 SOO 500
10.0 10.0 45.0 91.0 91 91
S.O 20.0 35.0 35.0 IS 35
68.0 195.5 400.0 500.0 500 500
12. S 17. S 61.5 485.0 48S 485
10.0 11.5 125.0 515,0 515 515
5,0 S.O 10.0 10.0 90 90
S.O 50.0 95.0 95.0 95 95
S.O 10.0 180.0 485.0 485 485
S.O 7.5 20.0 61.5 10) 10)
10.0 91.0 400.0 515.0 515 515
S.O 10.0 10.0 90.0 90 90
S.O 10.0 90.0 485.0 SOO SIS
5.0 10.0 95.0 103.0 125 )25
S.O 10.0 12.5 125.0 485 485
1S.O 32.5 74.0 101.0 10) 10)
5.0 S.O 22. S 95,0 95 95
11.0 55.0 300.0 507.5 515 515
5.0 11.5 90.5 125,0 SOO 515
S.O 7.S 10.0 10,0 10 10
S.O 19.0 90.0 125,0 SOO SIS
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20 20
S.O 10.0 90.0 125.0 SOO 51$
15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15 15
STANDARD ERROR. HIN • MINIMUM NUMBER
A GIVEN NUMBER
OF MINUTES.
- — 1
99
515
SIS
500
485
IS
SIS
SOO
515
500
10
91
5)5
91
IS
515
500
91
IS
500
485
515
90
95
485
103
515
90
515
325
485
101
IS
515
SIS
10
515
20
515
15
OF MINUTES. MAX . MAXIMUM DUMBER
9
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3'
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S
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Q
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HISPANIC
HISPANIC
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EMPLOYMENT
EKPMfHENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPI.UYMEHT
EDUCATION
EWJCAT10H
EDUCATION
^DUCATION
EDUCATION
I.'UIICATION
fKNSUS REG IOH
CeilSUS REQION
CEUSUS REGION
CENSUS RSalOH
DAY OF HEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASOH
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTIIHA
ASTIIHA
ASTIIHA
ANOIiiA
AIIGIIIA
AI1UIHA
UKUHCH/KHPHYS
HRUIICll/EMPIIYS
IIHOHCH/KMI'IIYS
KnrKt A ".-
IIMULATIVB NU
OF MINUTES.
Itnlitlc* fee 2<
odour ccot
l-MALC
2 -FEMALE
2:5-11
3, 12-17
4:1I-C4
S:> 64
1 iHIUTE
2: BLACK
):AS1A1I
4 i SOME OTHERS
SiHISPAWlC
9:REF
Q:NO
IsYES
ItDK
9:BEf
l.FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
JiNOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
tt< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
]:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE: GRAD.
5: POST GRAD,
1: NORTHEAST
2:H1DMEST
1 iiSOUTH
4; WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: HEEK END
ItNIHTESt
2: SPRING
1: SUMMER
4: FAM.
0:NO
1:YES
i:DK
0;NO
1:YES
t:DX
0:KO
1:YES
a -.at.
SIGNIFIES HISSINU UATA
NBER OF MINUTES FOR DO!
•Hour Cuutitlv* Kwfctr o(
11 MCAH ItDSV
152 175.111 132 206
213 174.319 111.151
139 171.115 111.191
4 151.750 91.011
4 91.750 57.500
1 151.250 77.671
111 110.192 116. IOC
21 141.211 85.243
291 111, (21 112.592
25 205.440 126.551
8 1(9,875 153.111
7 197.286 111.601
10 121,100 52.326
5 246,600 127.151
127 111,111 114.451
20 144.900 95.010
2 142,500 11.820
1 2(1.000 111.152
12 111, ISO 13.SSO
221 182.419 118.308
41 201.211 155.454
10 146.100 91.115
4 176.250 115.116
11 146.511 14.172
29 218. 01C 170.225
117 177.771 110.078
95 205.274 152.121
SS 141.7(4 92.76C
44 111.1(4 90.209
11 179.117 137.039
11 169.818 126.238
Si 175.714 112.028
90 178.544 135.531
192 167, 4S8 111,473
1(0 185.150 130.378
91 112. C67 131.674
11 186.120 147.597
99 1(0.313 130. (72
77 176.171 117.154
311 116.108 133,715
11 169.444 108.978
3 160.000 124,900
345 176.910 132,759
5 82.000 47.249
2 210.000 127.219
331 171.213 111.270
17 148. 588 108.499
2 1C5.000 190.91$
*UK* » RESPONDENT R
RS, STDKV . STANDARD
PERCENT! LES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOH OR
ITDIlk
7.041
9.123
11.127
49.006
21.150
21,4(1
7,727
17.774
7.694
25.110
54.204
70.909
16.547
56.864
7.435
19,024
22.500
99.219
21.212
9.2C2
21,706
11.619
57.5(8
21.345
32.110
12.026
15. (*0
12.509
11.599
15.042
11.451
13.840
14.296
9. (31
10.301
13.654
1C. 201
13,131
13.151
7.150
25. (86
72,111
7.141
21.111
90,000
7,101
26.115
115.000
HlrwtM
HIM
1
S
1
75
45
SO
3
S
3
SO
5
70
5
73
1
S
120
7]
45
5
S
1
45
45
60
1
S
10
10
5
S
3
S
5
1
S
5
3
15
1
60
60
1
5
120
1
50
30
DGVIATIO
EQUAL TO
N.
Sptnt indpori it m ter/tiifhtclub/loul Inj
MAX 5 25 50 75 50 SS
970
170
(10
100
no
270
870
129
870
540
479
(IS
198
410
870
440
1CS
410
270
870
(IS
479
100
300
970
(30
6SO
417
400
650
(IS
970
60S
650
970
(SO
810
610
CIS
910
530
100
910
120
300
970
530
100
STERR
A OWED
10.0 90.0 150.0 222.5 321.0 417.0
30.0 90.0 14). 0 220,0 340.0 479.0
30.0 95.0 153. 0 225.0 100.0 530.0
IS. ft 91,5 130.0 220.0 100.0 100.0
45.0 52.5 90.0 145.0 170.0 110.0
50.0 90.0 1(0.0 205.0 270.0 270.0
10.0 90.0 150.0 225.0 170.0 498.0
10.0 1S.O 115.0 110.0 240.0 125,0
10.0 90.0 140.0 220.0 121.0 417.0
60.0 120.0 110,0 240,0 417.0 491.0
5,0 11.5 175.0 225.0 479.0 419.0
70.0 110.0 115.0 185.0 (15.0 (15.0
S.O 105. 0 117.5 ISO.O 179,0 198.0
11.0 110.0 210.0 100.0 410.0 410.0
10.0 90.0 150.0 225,0 340.0 419.0
17.5 110.0 120.0 160.0 221. S 142. S
120.0 120.0 142.5 1(5.0 165.0 1(5. 0
73.0 11.0 300.0 410.0 410.0 410.0
45.0 60.0 115.0 177.5 225,0 270.0
10.0 90.0 150.0 228.0 140.0 525.0
45,0 90.0 150.0 270.0 455.0 520,0
30.0 71.0 122.5 190.0 255.0 12*. 0
45.0 12.5 180,0 210.0 100.0 300,0
45.0 60.0 150.0 IIS, 0 270.0 100.0
75.0 120.0 174. S 215.0 420.0 5C8.0
25.0 90.0 150.0 225.0 3(0.0 419.0
30,0 105.0 110.0 240.0 4(2.0 590. 0
20.0 75.0 120,0 205.0 2C5.0 140.0
10.0 (0.0 110.0 177.5 2(5.0 290.0
45,0 11.0 140,0 240.0 328.0 489.0
10.0 90.0 141.5 211.5 299,0 487,0
15.0 90.0 149.0 225.0 270.0 4(2.0
10.0 (5.0 152.5 225.0 407.0 479.0
30.0 90.0 120.0 210.0 340.0 520,0
45.0 107.5 1(5.0 221.0 321.5 474. S
40.0 97,0 150.0 240.0 410.0 4SS.O
30.0 90.0 140.0 230.0 310.0 491.0
30.0 75.0 120.0 119.0 21S.O 530.0
10.0 100.0 165.0 220.0 299.0 410.0
30.0 30.0 150.0 225.0 340.0 487,0
(0.0 105.0 135.0 210.0 270.0 530.0
(0.0 (O'.O 120.0 300.0 100.0 100.0
10.0 90.0 150.0 225.0 140.0 497.0
S.O 75.0 90.0 120,0 120.0 120.0
120.0 120.0 210.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
10.0 90,0 150.0 22S.O 140.0 497.0
SO.O 110.0 120.0 175.0 210.0 510.0
10.0 10.0 165.0 300.0 100.0 300.0
99
570
SC9
(DO
100
no
270
590
328
590
540
479
(IS
199
410
590
440
1(5
410
270
(00
(15
462
300
100
870
540
(IS
410
400
(30
SC9
570
590
590
5(9
5(0
510
605
COO
S90
530
300
590
120
300
590
530
300
• STANDARD ERROR. HIM . MINIMUM NUMB
NUMBER OF MINUTES.
ER OF
*u*r
-1
(15
CIS
(05
100
170
270
CIS
321
630
540
47»
(15
198
410
CIS
440
1(5
410
270
C30
615
47S
300
300
170
570
eso
417
400
(SO
(IS
170
(05
60S
CIO
650
870
(30
CIS
615
530
100
(15
120
300
(15
5)0
300
SIZE. MEAN - MEAN 24 -HOUR
MINUTES. MAX • MAXIMUM NUMBER
lourci: Ting «nd Kl«*ttlt, 1«M.
GW
C2
D $
§• §.
•i 1
f? «*
>J <%
**•" fc
^ *^5
1 1
lt» 1^
Q D
M. iJ.
t t
SE* ^<
**J *j
d B
ft Q.
O Q
3 3
-------
14-99. tutlttlct for 24-Hour Cwulitlvt «u*»r of Mlnrt** Ipcnt Indoori tt • Intaurmt
mow uua
1,1.1.
ixiniKk
I'tlSttUOt
U1K
ASJK
MJE
ux
A»;K
;,r,t:
MAfE
KAl't:
KAC'E
HACK
frACfi
KACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REC1ON
CENSUS KECHCN
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF HEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTIIMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
AtlUINA
BKONCJI/EMI'IIYS
IIRONCI1/ENPI1YS
buiMLti/MmiT:;
BROUP <'t,0B
1 MALE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
S:> ««
i. WHITE
2: BLACK
1:ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
t; HISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
l.YES
8:D!t
9.REF
1;FULL TINE
2: PART TIKE
} :NOT EMPLOYED
9>REF
!:< HICK SCHOOL
2:HIOH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5 -POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2:HIDNBST
3; SOUTH
4:HEST
1 : WEEKDAY
2. WEEKEND
1:HIHTER
2: SPRING
J: SUMMER
4 i FALL
0:NO
I: YES
B.DK
0:NO
1:YES
B:DK
0:NO
1
(75
585
(75
(SO
640
700
C20
685
555
675
65)
(S)
670
480
6(0
340
480
(51
(20
875
SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. *OK* • RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOW. *REF* « REFUSED DATA. N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN • MEAN 24-flOUR
UMBER OF MINUTES FUR DOERS. SVDEV * STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR • STANDARD ERROR. MIN . MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES, NAX » MAXIMUM NUMBER
PERCENTILES APE PERCENTAGE OF DORRS BSLOH OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER or M[MUTES
Kl*t»f*.
•k\
i
>
a
*
I
1
a
I
a
-------
II
Ki
Tabl* U-IOC. Ititlillci for 24-Keur CuuUtlvt *u**r of Htrartn Spcnl Irnfoor* it fchoel
UkUllf HAKE
coour coot
STOtV STDtXK
MIM
S 25
--•nictKTiLrs-
50 75 90
95 91
99
'.II.
(iMMlLtt
••tlllitfl
HiC
AX
ALL
A'iE
AUE
AiiB
I'M'B
(•ATE
kM'E
I'AS'B
imrf
HACK
HISPANIC
HISi'ANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
KMMiOYHEUr
Ull'LOYMEtrr
KMP1.OYHENT
KHPLOYHENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
I!AY OF HEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
REASON
SEASON
»,;.fI!MA
A J MIMA
ftUTIIMA
MKilNA
ANGINA
A1IG 1 HA
!iKUHCil/EHI>IIYS
UHONCII/EHPIIYS
UHONCH/EHPIIYS
1:HALE
2 FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12 17
4ilI-(4
5;> 64
1:HI1ITE
2: BLACK
];ASIAN
4 i SOME OTHERS
SilltSPAHlC
9.-REF
0:HO
1:YBS
8:DK
9:REF
IrFULL TIME
2; PART TIME
):NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:< HIOH SCHOOL
1224
511
(41
11
41
301
217
550
24
928
111
19
3(
76
14
1082
127
5
10
616
275
138
190
5
. (79
24
2;HICH SCHOOL CRAD 114
):< COLLEGE
4j COLLEGE CRAD.
5. POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2 miDHEST
) i SOUTH
4:HBST
IrHEEKDAY
2 WEEKEND
1 ;HIHTER
2: SPRING
1: SUMMER
4;FAU>
fl:NO
1:YES
I:DK
0:HO
It YES
8 DK
0:HO
1:YES
I:DK
HOTE: A *." SIGNIFIES HISSIHO D)
rUHUUTIVE NUNbER OF KINUTES FOR
flf, HIIIIITES.
173
91
141
2(1
290
427
246
1179
45
392
353
207
27J
1095
124
5
1209
9
t
1175
42
7
DOERS.
PERCEHT1LES AXE PERCENTAGE
141.150
158 599
329.572
314 OSS
281.465
196 308
402.551
295.422
H7.70B
148.525
119,809
312.385
3(3.58)
294,039
279,714
3<4 924
333.016
293.000
329.500
390,294
331. 2E9
280'. 991
251.614
166.000
188.94)
233.33)
186.649
211.410
300.410
37). 525
345.724
334.445
J54.037
312.780
346.938
251.978
3(9.298
155.057
316.76)
310.596
342.779
350. (69
217.000
144.629
205.778
292.167
144.826
306.714
315.425
STDEV
179 09*
1*7.100
187,875
210.927
217.621
109.216
125.512
207.294
187.012
160.458
169.282
179.918
155.557
175.697
221.268
179.580
171.80)
244.672
180.053
130.206
222.021
174.844
1*9.529
179.074
1)2.842
179.648
191.608
209.872
206.704
193.441
181.522
176. (52
178.547
180.277
177.477
198.543
1(4. }()
165.481
196.364
195.332
179.195
178.785
190.676
178.874
169.545
178.908
178.845
1S8.249
163. (11
. STANDARD
OF DOERS BELOM OR
5,11*
(.*57
7.409
54.4)0
31,187
(.285
7. 40*
8.819
18.174
5.924
14.7*0
28.810
25,926
20.154
59.136
5.459
15,423
109. ,421
56.938
5. .246
13.388
14.881
14,475
tO. 084
5.098
36.670
18.13)
15.956
21,642
16.291
11.2)6
10.373
B 641
11.494
5.169
29.597
8.302
S 809
11.648
11.844
5.415
16.055
•5.273
5.144
56.515
73.03*
5.217
29.047
61.1(9
1
1
1
S
S
5
IS
1
2
1
2
S
10
2
S
1
3
1
5
S
1
1
1
S
S
1
1
1.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
20
1
1
2
1
1
1
S
1
15
5
1
3
5
DEVIATION.
EQUAL TO
9»S
995
855
713
6(5
(65
855
995
585
995
855
840
120
565
(81
935
820
5(2
(25
855
995
too
855
440
855
540
785
»»S
7S5
683
995
7)0
855
820
995
820
155
855
995
855
995
855
445
995
510
4 BO
995
6)2
440
STERR
10 210.0 JJS.O 454.0 540.0
30 255.0 400.0 450,0 540.0
5 180,0 390.0 4S5.0 540.0
S 165.0 247.5 520.0 (25.0
10 (0.0 2C9.0 500.0 510.0
170 365.0 403,0 445.0 5)5.0
120 313.0 420.0 450.0 500.0
5 104,0 100.0' 4(0,0 SSI. 5
3 45.0 120.0 127,5 480.0
10 212.5 400.0 451.0 545.0
IS 2)0.0 390.0 445.0 S10.0
20 190.0 365.0 450.0 5(0.0
IDS 272. S 366.0 457.5 502.0
10 142.5 1(2.5 4)2.0 4*5.0
5 (0.0 2(0.0 440.0 625.0
10 210 0 395.0 455.0 540.0
15 200,0 )90.0 445.0 500.0
1 65.0 415.0 420.0 5(2.0
S 200.0 150.0 445. 0 5)7,5
115 1(5.0 410.0 450.0 525.0
S 115.0 405.0 510.0 575,0
10 160.0 285.0 412.0 480.0
5 (0.0 262,5 410.0 527.5
5 5,0 180.0 200,0 440.0
100 360.0 410.0 450.0 525.0
2 30.0 297.5 371.5 4(0,0
4 20.0 107.5 295.0 480.0
5 120.0 255.0 425.0 550.0
S 115.0 320.0 470.0 540.0
IS 250.0 442.0 510.0 575.0
11 210.0 38S.O 455.0 5)5.0
10 180.0 390.0 440.0 5)0.0
10 235.0 415. 0 4(2.0 540.0
IS 1*5.0 377.5 440.0 555.0
10 222.0 3S5.0 455.0 540.0
40 105.0 180.0 1(0.0 555.0
20 215.0 405.0 457.0 545.0
12 250,0 400.0 455.0 515.0
10 125.0 3(5.0 44S.O 557.0
5 120,0 365.0 445,0 540.0
10 200.0 390.0 455.0 540.0
10 250.0 401.5 445.0 5)5.0
S 110.0 365. 0 440.0 445.0
10 210.0 395.0 455.0 540.0
IS 90.0 180.0 275.0 510.0
S 180.0 324.0 440.0 4«0.0
10 212.0 395.0 455.0 540.0
10 120.0 377.5 444.0 465.0
5 180.0 318,0 440.0 440.0
SIS
(00
512
71)
595
5(5
565
612
510
600
510
580
598
525
6*1
598
5(5
562
(2S-
570
(35
5)7
572
440
S80
4(5
580
640
580
615
(20
585
575
595
585
632
600
575
585
595
585
60S
445
595
510
410
595
510
440
(60
(*0
(40
713
((S
(25
710
(8)
585
(65
(24
840
820
540
681
((5
(00
562
(25
640
690
6(0
778
440
(40
540
64S
• 20
730
655
710
(45
640
6Q1
(55
820
680
()(
640
6(0
6(0
645
445
((0
S10
480
((0
632
440
-72)
778
(8)
71)
C(5
(40
778
785
585
72)
(45
840
820
565
6B1
7)0
(10
5(2
(25
665
755
(8)
840
440
710
540
(90
855
755
(80
855
(83
755
711
72J
820
710
713
721
778
12)
600
445
12)
510
480
7)0
(32
440
» STANDARD ERROR. NIN • HINIMUM NUMBER OF HINUTBS. HAX • MAXIHIM NUNKH
A GIVEN NUMBER DF HINUTBS.
Mid KllfMiS.
I
a
S. !..
I' f
i
-------
I
t
Tibl« 14-101. Statistic* for 24-Hour Cwulatlv* *u*er of Minutes Spent Indoor* it • Flwtt/fuctsry/ltertiiouM
Wmie IMME
AM.
tlKHUKR
liKHDER
AliE
MiE
AI;B
/> MEAN 24 II"
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF HIMUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV - STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR • STANDARD ERROR. KIN - MINIMUM HUNKER OF MINUTES MAX • MAXIM
lit MINUTES. PEBCENTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
lourc*: Tfin| tnd Klip*!., 1994.
I
o
I
-------
£j?
£2 *
•*x
a
c
S
t^
$
0
5
^ a
a 1
IS5
81 |
^ 5*
OST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2:MIDHEST
1: SOUTH
4:MEST
1 i WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1 i WINTER
2:SPRIH<3
1: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:110
1:YES
1:DK
0:NO
l-.YES
8.DK
0:t*Q
1 :YES
»:DK
for 2(-K«ur Ct*wt*tlv«
llNXJftlMd
H HIM! fTDBV
tit IS 715 131 128
409 101.775 1(1.110
417 66.476 91.1(1
15 72.S11 M.41I
10 54.100 52.711
75 110. (11 11*. 760
74 52,554 74.77(
5(0 94.279 151 911
122 59,418 (1.519
727 IS. 715 U6.S04
87 89,114 132. ((9
11 86.727 114.010
18 90.556 105.981
42 71.157 110.7(9
11 122.909 117. (99
107 17.412 136.129
79 67.797 110.301
1 2.000
9 100.771 115.913
176 79.112 96.145
114 102.221 169.514
74 74.446 111.860
2SS 69.996 94.045
7 45.141 36.6*0
198 74.914 92.251
S( 131.232 247.289
221 100.211 146.920
172 77. IK 128,752
138 76.275 106.519
109 78,229 121.111
202 19.114 112.341
19} 87.955 151.329
298 79.941 125.4(0
201 19.059 127.909
(42 B6.G84 141,911
2S4 11.512 104.207
210 71, $41 144.101
242 97.911 117.241
276 11.989 121.086
1(1 66.560 131. 855
812 66.106 129.455
57 15.596 193.131
7 41.»S7 37.971
857 86.177 134.897
33 11.727 117.191
6 52.000 29.257
BSS 14.8)7 112. IK
34 117.735 176.429
7 46.286 27,412
CUMULATIVE NUNBiR OF MINUTES FOR DOIRS. ST08V m STANDARD
ior MINUTES,
lourct: T««n«
PERCENTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOH OR
•nd Klaptii, 1W6.
ITOIIR
4.4709
8.1125
4,1(27
17.9236
9, (274
11.4121
8.6925
(.1917
5.S696
5,0627
14,2216
14,1752
24,9800
17.0920
15.4876
4,7920
12.4098
31.6443
7.2(22
B.6S15
11.2159
5.1891
11.8485
6.5561
13.0454
9.1185
9,8171
9,0714
11. 6195
9.3116
11.03(9
7,2(77
8.9775
5,6801
(.5385
9.9512
8.8223
7.40H
10.1729
4.4810
25.5811
10,5727
4.6080
20.4356
11.944]
4.5251
10.2574
10.1871
fcflbir
MIH
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
10
1
2
X
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
I
3
2
of Hinutn
1
tUI.
1440
1440
510
290
215
S40
415
1440
180
1440
5(5
405
420
525
310
1440
(IS
2
110
S40
1440
795
CIS
90
S40
1440
795
(75
600
710
735
1440
710
795
1440
565
1440
795
(90
710
795
1440
90
1440
465
90
1440
715
90
DEVIATION, STERR .
5
2
1
1
1
2
S
2
2
2
2
2
2
10
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
S
1
1
5
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
4
4
2
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
e
2
25
~1?
20
IS
40
10
20
15
IS
20
IS
10
10
20
20
40
IS
IS
2
40
15
15
15
15
4
15
IS
20
10
20
20
IS
IS
15
20
15
25
IS
25
IS
IS
IS
IS
10
15
17
40
?S
30
12
Sptnt Outdoors on
MICIHTILSS"
50 75 10
40.0 90.0 221.0
45. 0 120.0 110.0
15.0 75.0 152.0
55.0 90.0 120.0
42.5 78.0 125.0
65,0 178.0 240.0
10.0 (0.0 125,0
40.0 82.5 277,5
40,0 75.0 120.0
41.0 90.0 21S.O
15.0 120.0 324.0
45.0 120.0 149.0
40.0 75.0 240.0
40,0 75.0 135,0
(0.0 290.0 100.0
45.0 »0,0 225.0
30.0 (2.0 140.0
2.0 2.0 2.0
(0.0 90.0 110.0
45,0 110.0 200.0
40. S 75.0 310.0
42. S 16.0 180.0
40.0 85.0 1S2.0
40.0 90,0 90.0
40.5 90.0 115.0
40.0 117,5 46S.O
45.0 95.0 275.0
30.0 75.0 180.0
45.0 70.0 20S.O
45.0 60.0 200.0
45. 0 90.0 215.0
30. D 85.0 240.0
15.0 75.0 115.0
45.0 105,0 210.0
40.0 (0.0 223.0
45.0 90.0 220,0
11. 0 60.0 1(0.0
45.0 120.0 240.0
45.0 90.0 200.0
40.0 90.0 240.0
40.0 90.0 22S.O
35.0 90.0 180.0
60.0 60.0 90,0
40.0 90.0 223.0
45.0 60.0 250.0
(0.0 (0.0 90.0
40.0 85.0 225,0
45.0 120.0 215.0
40.0 60.0 90.0
•
>5
405
525
255
290
151
410
200
480
190
405
426
405
420
290
310
410
300
2
110
2(0
525
255
270
90
240
710
4(0
415
310
310
410
35S
420
300
426
110
270
435
420
405
416
23S
90
410
180
90
405
(90
90
Ildcutlk, Itrwt, or
— • 1
»8 SJ
5(5 615
615 710
435 4(5
290 290
315 215
4(5 540
138 435
600 (90
215 270
S70 (75
540 565
405 405
420 420
525 S25
110 110
5(5 600
525 (IS
2 2
310 310
415 4(5
(00 710
190 7SS
310 48S
90 90
435 465
71S 1440
(00 (10
570 (00
485 5(5
5(0 570
510 570
5(5 (00
5)2 (10
570 (15
515 (80
440 410
5(0 710
570 (75
525 580
(00 615
5«5 600
260 1440
90 90
565 (IS
4(5 465
90 90
5(0 (00
735 735
90 90
STANDARD ERROR. MIN » MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINOTES. MAX - MAXIMUM NUH8ER
EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER
OF
MINUTES.
S
•5
<«
K.
a
i-
I
.
i-
i
-------
11
*» S!
libtt 14-105. ftxiitlcs for 24-Hour Cuiulitlve tuettr of Minutet Spent Outdoor! In • Pirklnf
littuUf HAMK
CKOUF CitUE
KIN MAX S 25
PERCIMTH.ES-
SO 75 90
M.I,
OMIDEK
tMiUKK
A':B
A'iK
Act:
At IE
AliE
MX
KACE
RACE
KACE
KACE
KACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPI.OYMKNT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
HAY OF HEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
Aim IMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
MWINA
AMlUNA.
llMUNIII/l-M'IIY:;
UHONCII/BHl'HYS
BRONCH/ EMPHYS
1;M*LE
2 : FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
1:12-17
4:18-64
Si> 64
1: WHITE
2: BLACK
1:ASIAH
4: SOME OTHERS
5:HtSI>ANIC
9:RBF
0:NO
liYiS
8:DK
9 REK
1:FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
3. NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HICK SCHOOL GRAB
1:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST CHAD,
1: NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
3s SOUTH
4; WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1: WINTER
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4-FAI.L
0:NO
I; YES
8:DK
0:NO
1:YES
fl:DK
11:110
1:YES
8:DK
226 70.721
106 100,140
120 44.558
1 1)5.000
11 19.816
5 02 000
12 91.750
182 (9.984
11 74.462
110 72.122
IB 102,444
1 21.667
5 50.000
17 25.706
3 1)5.000
196 69.2(0
25 42.920
2 4CS.QOO
1 115.000
26 55.577
117 81.125
37 75.178
43 17.093
3 135.000
3) 69. (97
16 73.2SO
8) 83.000
49 75.898
23 48.765
22 15.500
56 57.357
41 71,4)8
75 57.920
47 104.298
1S4 (4.851
72 81.278
45 50.531
57 82.912
75 72.027
49 71.082
204 62.980
IB 149.722
4 110.000
217 69.2(3
S 99.600
4 111.7-iO
211 65. 555
11 H2.364
4 146.250
126.651
167.159
(4.826
195.000
18.449
(3.699
90,810
132.655
127.900
128,299
167.776
7,638
46.098
39.365
195.000
114.071
103.340
629.125
195.000
59.880
155.119
114.7)4
46.800
195.000
85 644
176.778
124.358
162.674
107.1(9
54,472
82. (22
118.574
106,421
199. 9I(
1)6.686
101. (75
64.702
111.245
146.210
131.165
109.369
238.456
166.883
127,076
8). 056
1(4.792
114.210
265.976
160.799
8.425
16 2)6
5,916
112.583
11 593
28.417
26.214
9. 811
15.413
9.S63
19.545
4.410
20. £16
9.547
112.51)
8.148
20.668
445.000
112.583
11.74)
14.141
18.8(2
7,1)7
112.58)
14.909
44.194
13.650
21.2)9
22.346
11 613
11.041
17.115
12.218
27.702
11.014
11.982
9.645
17.184
16.881
19.024
7,657
56.205
83 , 442
8.626
17.144
82. m
7.869
80.195
80.199
1
1
1
15
S
5
S
1
1
I
2
IS
S
1
IS
1
1
20
15
S
1
1
1
IS
I
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
15
1
35
15
1
1
15
910
910
295
360
110
170
246
910
465
910
580
)0
115
165
160
720
510
910
360
2)8
910
465
210
360
360
720
SIO
910
510
185
495
SSO
720
910
910
4(5
309
495
910
720
720
910
3(0
910
2)8
1(0
720
910
360
2 10.0
5 15.0
1 5.0
IS 15.0
S 10.0
S 10.0
5 17.5
2 10.0
1 10.0
2 10,0
2 £.0
IS 15.0
S 10.0
1 10,0
15 1S.O
2 10.0
1 5,0
20 20.0
IS 15.0
S 15.0
2 10.0
1 5.0
1 10.0
15 1S.O
S 1S.O
2 7.5
S 10.0
2 10.0
2 5.0
1 5.0
1 12,5
S 10.0
2 7.0
5 10.0
2 7.0
S 15,0
S 15.0
1 .00
2 10.0
1 10.0
2 10. 0
1 15.0
IS 22.5
2 10,0
15 40.0
IS 22. S
2 10.0
1 10,0
15 22.5
20.0 60.0
30.0 110.0
20.0 46. S
10.0 360.0
20.0 90.0
45.0 60.0
52.0 162. S
20.0 60.0
25.0 60.0
20.5 64,0
27.5 1)0,0
20,0 10.0
45,0 75.0
10.0 20.0
10.0 360.0
24.0 £7.5
10.0 20.0
4(5.0 910.0
10.0 1(0.0
30.0 90.0
20,0 £0.0
21.0 90.0
20.0 (0.0
30.0 360.0
10.0 90.0
22.5 32.5
25.0 90,0
20.0 {0.0
10.0 50,0
15.0 30.0
27.5 75.0
25.0 (2.5
20.0 50,0
20.0 90.0
20,0 43.0
35.0 112.5
10.0 63.0
20,0 90,0
20.0 (0.0
20.0 75.0
20.0 (0.0
45.0 145.0
)2.S. 197.5
20.0 60.0
75.0 110.0
40.0 205.0
20.0 (0.0
40,0 180.0
105.0 270.0
190.0 309.0
115.0 495.0
167. 5 187.5
3(0.0 360.0
90.0 110.0
170.0 170.0
2)8.0 241.0
190.0 309.0
1BO.O 465.0
205.0 102,0
495.0 580.0
30.0 )0.0
115.0 115.0
60.0 165.0
1(0.0 360.0
190.0 295,0
75.0 1(5.0
910.0 910.0
360.0 360.0
145.0 170.0
240.0 495.0
180.0 450.0
90.0 1)4.0
360.0 1(0.0
180.0 248.0
1(5.0 720,0
215.0 315.0
'210.0 450 0
,110.0 135.0
115.0 180.0
1)5.0 180.0
248.6 315.0
195.0 2)1.0
450.0 510.0
110.0 450.0
240.0 309.0
1)0.0 180.0
240.0 465,0
205.0 315.0
205.0 295.0
180,0 248.0
580.0 910.0
360.0 360 0
1(5.0 309.0
211.0 2)8.0
1(0.0 160.0
160.0 295.0
240.0 910.0
3(0.0 1(0.0
510
580
248
360
110
170
248
550
465
510
580
10
US
165
360
495
510
910
360
2)8
580
465
210
360
360
720
495
910
510
185
295
550
ICO
910
550
>(0
109
495
580
720
495
910
160
510
218
1(0
495
910
360
580
720
285
360
110
170
248
720
4(5
.720
580
JO
US
165
160
580
510
110
1(0
2)8
720
465
210
3(0
360
720
580
910
510
115
495
550
720
910
720
465
309
495
910
720
510
910
360
580
2)8
1(0
550
910
360
§ a
a
NOrE; A V SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "DK- - RESPONDENT REPLIED 'DON'T KNOW". "HEF" - REFUSED DATA. N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE MEAN • MEAM 24-HOUR
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR . STANDARD ERROR. MIH • MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX > MAXIMUM NUMBER
OF MINUTES, PERCENTILBS ARE PERCENTAGE Of DOERS BELQH OR EQUAL TO A 01VEH NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Sourcii T>ang Mid Kltptif, 1996.
a
1
-------
tiblt H-JM. Slittitlei tar Zt-Kew CumiUtlvt Mu*«r of Nlrut» Jp*n« Outdoor! it • Service SUtlw or Ci«
Station
CROW HM4C
Odour CODE
K2AH
STDtV STPMR MIH KM
->-»iitciifmu-
5» 75 in
»S
Al.l,
I.tllllfK
CiKIIIIKK
WiK
AI:K
A'lK
WiB
W;L-
A«E
HACE
RACE
MCE
RACE
KACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOVMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REOION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS RESIGN
DAY Or HEEK
DAY Or HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
AST1IHA
ANGINA
ANGINA
RHOMCU/EHCHYS
HKOUai/KMi'iiv;;
1;HALE
2:FIMAI.E
1.1)
2511
1:12- 1 '
4:18"«4
S:» 64
1 sWIITE
3 {BLACK
}:ASiAH
4; SOME OTHERS
SilllSPAMIC
9:REF
0:NO
liTES
l:FUl.L TINE
2: PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
»>REF
lr< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAB
}:< COLLEGE
(: COLLEGE GRAB,
5 .-POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2:MIDHEST
3 : SOUTH
4:H£ST
1: WEEKDAY
2 WEEKEND
1: WINTER
9: SPRING
): SUMMER
4 1 FALL
0:HO
1:VES
8 DK
0:NO
] :VES
0:NO
1:YKS
I»l 50,597
SO- 73.522
101 10 set
1 86.000
1 6.467
} 66.667
11 7.111
1S7 54. US
1C 47.11)
170 50.141
11 10,727
1 5.000
) 16.667
S 10.200
1 10.000
119 53.056
12 13.517
1C 18.613
110 55.B27
26 34.731
38 40.237
1 790,'flOO
11 17.131
16 103.000
16 IS. 719
SB 41.759
10 1C. 613
21 10.000
31 59.691
4* 21.561
60 49.182
42 tD.786
122 58.402
69 16.797
5« 37.536
54 SO. 110
51 46.510
10 28.767
174 51.517
16 15.7SO
1 100.000
1B4 4C.788
7 150.714
111 47.122
tO 111. 500
CUMULATIVE NUKBEK Of MINUTES fOK DOERS. STDEV »
OK MINUTES. PERCENTILES ARE PERCENTAGE Or DpERS
125.41*
MS.96*
*4.*1S
2 117
SI. 277
4.511
135.636
69.497
124.015
191.41)
20.247
7.596
129. ISO
21.008
43.196
HE. 792
71.«29
76.971
40,712
1(4.120
162. (SS
121.010
111.641
6.196
149.173
77.552
113.9(7
115. 545
145.015
79.004
100.602
157.514
137.689
58.930
130.777
25.736
120.622
206.110
123.971
142.946
STANDARD
B6LOH OR
1 .0101
IS. 1012:
9.4444
1.6C67
56.710]
1.3606
10,1249
17.3744
9.5115
S7.7192
11.6667
3.3S71
9.6531
6.6418
10.7SSO
13.0417
14.0868
12,4167
9,5958
41.0)00
24.0116
15.1916
20.3828
1,13)7
25.9677
11.1936
1C. 2459
20.)151
13.1354
S.S109
11.4435
21.4)49
19.2804
10.7591
9.9141
6.4340
1 . 1921
71.1667
S.2147
45.2036
1
I
2
86
5
5
1
2
S
2
4
5
5
1
10
2
1
1
2
3
4
790
1
5
3
2
2
5
2
2
1
4
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
100
1
10
1
5
DEVIATION.
BQUAL TO
790
(45
790
1(
10
110
15
790
240
790
645
5
40
20
10
790
16
180
(45
355
380
790
110
S20
(45
790
570
30
600
510
790
520
790
390
too
(45
790
295
790
110
100
790
510
790
110
STEHR
5
5
5
16
5
5
1
5
5
5
4
5
5
1
10
5
1
1
5
5
5
790
1
S
5
4
4
5
1
S
5
5
5
4
4
S
S
S
5
2
100
S
10
• S
5
5
5
S
16
5
S
5
5
10
5
S
5
S
S
10
5
S
S
5
S
5
7»0
5
10
S
S
S
5
S
S
5
5
S
S
5
S
S
S
S
S
100
5
15
S
10
. STANDARD
A GIVEN NUMBER
10.0 20.0 105.0
10.0 30.0 325.0
10.0 1S.O 44.0
1C.O S6.0 16,0
5,0 10.0 10,0
15.0 180.0 110.0
5.0 10.0 15.0
10.0 1S.O 110.0
17.5 55. 0 180.0
10.0 20.0 107. S
S.O 44.0 140.0
5.0 5.0 S.O
S.O 40.0 40.0
10.0 15.0 20.0
10.0 10,0 10.0
10.0 20. 0 130.0
7.5 10.0 1S.O
7.5 12.5 15.0
10.0 15.0 99.0
10.0 25.0 100.0
10.0 20.0 140.0
7JO.O 790.0 790.0
7.5 15,0 15.0
15.0 140.0 365.0
10.0 15,0 380.0
12.5 20.0 (0.0
C.S 1S.O 30.0
10.0 10.0 20.0
10.0 20.0 105.0
10.0 1S.O (0,0
10,0 15.0 130.0
12,5 40.0 270.0
10.0 20.0 1)0.0
10.0 15.0 88.0
10.0 1S.O (0.0
10.0 60.0 380.0
10. Q 15,0 35.0
l.S 15.0 93.0
10.0 20.0 110,0
7.5 15.0 20.0
100,0 100.0 100.0
10.0 1S.O 08. 0
20.0 110.0 S10.0
10.0 15.0 15.0
57. 5 140.0 167.5
1(5
49S
10S
8C
10
110
IS
390
240
365
(45
S
40
20
10
110
IS
110
495
110
240
790
180
S20
495
110
270
20
570
110
295
390
495
240
270
510
365
130
390
110
100
295
510
295
300
ERROR. DIN - MINIMUM
570
(00
110
1C
10
ISO
IS
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Exposure Factors R
August 1996
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NOTE: A ".• SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA
24-Hour CiAJlative Nutiaer of Minutes Spent Outdoor! *t a Confttructlon Sit*
| - PERCENTILES |
N KEAH STDEV STDERK KIN MAX 5 25 SO 75 90 IS 98 99
141 417,098 242.0?) 20 241 1 1190 10 240.0 510.0 600.0 675.0 740.0 9)0 985
130 461.531 212.511 20.391 1 1190 10 100,0 522,5 600.0 (88.5 745.0 910 985
13 192.7(9 202.794 56.245 S (10 5 60.0 115.0 165.0 51S.O 610.0 (10 (30
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2 240,000 254.558 180.000 60 420 60 60.0 240.0 420.0 420.0 420'. 0 420 420
1 10.000 . 10 10 10 10. ft 10.0 10. 0 10.0 10,0 10 10
113 444.549 243.017 21.072 1 1190 10 240.0 520.0 600.0 687.0 745.0 910 985
6 196.66? 188,750 77.05? 60 560 60 300.0 460.0 540.0 560.0 560.0 5(0 560
125 430.872 247.412 22.111 S 1190 10 240.0 510. 0 600.0 687.0 740.0 9)0 985
10 4)0.100 2)3.307 73.778 1 (30 1 170.0 SSO.O 585.0 615.0 630.0 6)0 6)0
2 492. SOD 60.104 42.SOO 450 535 450 450.0 492.5 5)5 0 5)5.0 535. 0 5)5 535
3 501.667 170.118 98.13) 305 COO )05 105.0 COO.O COO.O COO.O COO.O 600 600
1 (18.1)1 166.458 96.105 510 810 510 S10.0 515.0 810.0 810.0 810.0 810 810
129 426.202 247.087 21.755 1 1190 10 180.0 510.0 600.0 66S.O 715.0 9)0 985
9 496.111 166.429 55.476 2
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136 111.007 126.395
12) 76. £91 13.161
2 275.000 174.767
9 15.000 61.084
i4 18.016 95.6)8
76 78.658 81.179
101 119.112 127.563
7 65,000 47.258
201 91.212 106,512
2) 128.4)5 157.540
6 59.000 66.07*
7 70.000 59.652
IS 83.733 102.972
225 102,613 111.686
32 71.219 19,1*9
2 57.500 31,820
14) 10.161 18.031
41 1)0.271 127.162
24 129.708 1S1.934
42 95.429 94,776
2 322.500 107. 591
1*2 86.593 94.55)
11 124.818 171.911
3} 113.636 110, («9
19 129.842 147.369
19 122.105 149,9)1
15 102.9)) 91.09)
66 105.955 115.248
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82 85.46) »2. )53
58 119.310 125.6)1
205 87.020 105.524
54 141.517 117.0*5
S3 72.119 101.951
8t 101.614 96.502
65 116.446 137.197
5) 15. 453 96.241
237 100.941 113.2)6
22 70.164 S1.917
254 99.111 110.109
S 61.200 53.11)
241 100.565 111.621
10 S2.100 45.363
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20,361
11.955
10.115
12,69)
17,162
7.)85
32.849
26.975
22.546
26.587
7.579
14.124
22.500
7.362
11.354
32.442
14,624
217.500
7.429
51.135
19.265
3). 813
34.3*1
25.327
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15.000
10.1*9
16.497
7.370
15.911
14.004
10,287
17.104
11.220
7.155
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570
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625
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150
690
570
179
180
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170
80
625
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440
540
625
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690
160
190
540
570
625
625
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SSS
540
690
540
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130
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160
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30.0 70.0 120.0
35.0 IS.O 141.5
20.0 51 0 120.0
10.0 275.0 540.0
30.0 65.0 140.0
30.0 60.0 120.0
25.0 55.0 105.0
30.0 15.0 165.0
30.0 (0.0 95.0
30.0 70.0 12S.O
25.0 67.0 170.0
10,0 35,0 15.0
10,0 60.0 105,0
10. 0 30.0 120.0
30.0 70.0 125.0
12,5 32.5 110.0
35.0 57.5 80.0
25.0 55,0 115.0
40.0 IS.O 110,0
35.0 15.0 143.5
10.0 80.0 120.0
105.0 322.5 540.0
21,0 60.0 120.0
5.0 45.0 1BO.O
30,0 90.0 160.0
33.0 70.0 210.0
50.0 IS.O 125.0
30.0 75.0 125,0
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20.0 50.0 115.0
30.0 60.0 115.0
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20,0 55.0 120.0
30.0 70.0 120.0
15,0 45.0 14S.O
30.0 68.5 120.0
15.0 70.0 90,0
30 0 71.0 125.0
22.0 44.0 60.0
IS.O IS.O IS.O
201 300 540
2SS 370 555
110 225 210
540 S40 540
11$ 115 115
170 220 315
165 225 170
240 1*0 S40
ISO ISO ISO
190 281 S10
100 S40 570
179 17* 179
180 1BO -180
228 370 170
210 100 S40
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80 80 10
160 215 315
100 360 555
228 510 (90
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540 540 S40
170 220 310
345 540 540
240 290 SSS
440 510 510
215 690 6*0
215 1(0 160
190 281 540
190 290 510
180 255 360
235 440 555
180 240 540
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Chanter 14 - Activity Factors
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i.HOUP HAKE
AM,
Cl.HDER
KtllOeK
AliE
AUE
ACE
AUE
AGE
RACE
IIACE
KACB
KWE
NACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
KHHOYMENT
KHPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
BDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
IIKONCH/EMWIY;;
tmoHCII/EHl'HYS
lt«tl«tic« for
CROUP CODE
1:HALE
1 : FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
1:12-17
4 18-64
5:> 64
1:HHITE
2: BLACK
1; ASIAN
4 : SOME OTHERS
5: HISPANIC
9:REF
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It YES
1:FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
1:IWT EMPLOYED
1:. HIGH SCHOOL
:<-Hour ClMl*tlvt Ku*er of
N
64
11
31
C
S
C
46
1
54
4
1
2
2
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4
17
17
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f
18
1
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD 11
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4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
1 s SOUTH
4s WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1 .WINTER
2: SPRING
I: SUMMER
4. -FALL
0:NO
1:YES
O.-NO
litres
0:NO
l.VES
10
11
11
19
15
1C
14
15
29
8
14
28
14
61
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1
MEAN
81 016
111.819
52.0C1
57.500
112.800
CO. 000
84 . 804
15.000
7C.OOO
57 . 750
75.000
97.500
20.000
540.000
81.83}
C8.750
74.647
70.818
42.000
137.833
70.CC7
540.000
56.182
108. COO
68 636
70.108
88.105
102, COO
41.561
15.157
51.200
117.000
79.375
138.429
71.000
44.571
82.111
58.111
82.222
5.000
61 .667
40,000
STDEV
114,700
148.921
S7.CCO
61.380
202,590
S5.408
11C, 850
105.012
81.108
11.820
14.142
117,521
66. CIO
114.206
67.860
12.011
272.841
112.076
81.536
164.611
59.544
51,434
11C. Ill
140. CIS
47.250
118.717
52.665
154.210
75.187
172.811
105.063
52.200
117.182
40.721
115.211
115.502
STDERR
14 311
2C.747
10.017
25.058
90 601
22. (20
17,229
14.291
41.554
22,500
10,000
15.172
33)15
27.699
11. ISC
16.016
111.187
26.416
25.499
52.055
17. SSI
14. SIC
26.654
1C.12S
11.112
37,079
1.902
28.636
26.583
46. IK
19.855
13.951
15.004
21.511
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Hi-' MIHIICh:: ItHCKHTILBS AHB 1'EHCKWTAUK
Sourci: Time and Kttptit,
1994.
STDEV «
Uf DOERS
•
STANDARD
BELOW OR
DEVIATION. STERR
EQUAL TO
5 25 50 75 90 95
5 12,5 10.0 107.5 165.0 270.0
S 20.0 CO.O 150.0 270.0 540.0
I 8.0 10.0 80.0 115.0 190.0
S 15.0 10,0 105,0 1(0.0 1CO.O
S 6.0 20,0 60,0 471.0 471.0
S 10,0 15.0 105.0 150.0 150.0
5 10.0 50.0 120.0 110. « 270.0
IS 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0
S 15.0 10.0 10S.O 165.0 270.0
S 5.5 21.0 110.0 180.0 110.0
75 75.0 TS.O 75,0 75. 0 75,0
75 75.0 97. & 120,0 120.0 120.0
10 10.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 30.0
540 540.0 540.0 S40.0 S40.0 540.0
5 12.5 10,0 107.5 172. S 371. S
10 20.0 52, S 117.5 1CO.O 160.0
S 15.0 10.0 105.0 1CO.O 471.0
S 15.0 S5.0 120,0 165.0 210,0
1 It. 5 45. 0 C7.S 75,0 75,0
S 7.0 17,5 540.0 540.0 540.0
1 C.O 10.0 105.0 160.0 471,0
540 540.0 540.0 540 0 540.0 540,0
3 10.0 20.0 CO.O ICS.O 270.0
S 7.0 10.0 1SO.O 352 5 540.0
10 20.0 55.0 110.0 120,0 210.0
S 15.0 75.0 00. 0 140,0 110,0
1 10.0 CO.O 120.0 270.0 471,0
3 15.0 45.0 ICS.O 210.0 540.0
S 8.5 10.0 92.5 120.0 140.0
10 1S.O 30.0 75.0 160.0 540.0
1 15.0 10.0 75.0 150.0 ICS.O
S 10.0 CO.O 1)5.0 471.0 540.0
10 20.0 52,5 115,0 210,0 210.0
S 10.0 C5.0 180.0 473.0 540.0
3 7.5 1S.O 100.0 150.0 1CO.O
5 10.0 20,0 CO.O 1SO.O 165.0
S 10,0 10,0 110.0 ICS.O 270,0
10 10.0 40,0 105.0 105,0 105.0
5 15.0 30.0 110.0 165.0 270.0
S 5.0 S.O 5,0 5.0 5.0
S 10.0 30.0 110,0 ICS.O 270.0
40 40.0 40,0 40,0 40.0 40.0
"REP" - REFUSED DATA. N • DOER
91
S40
540
210
ISO
471
150
540
15
47]
180
75
120
30
540
540
160
47]
270
75
540
471
540
270
540
210
180
471
S40
140
540
180
540
210
540
540
165
540
10S
540
S
540
40
SAMP1
. STANDARD ERROR. MIN » MINIMUM NUMBER
99
540,
540~
210
ICO
471
ISO
540
15
540
igo
7S
120
10
540
S40
160
471
270
75
540
47]
540
270
540
210
180
471
540
140
540
180
540
210
540
540
1(5
540
10S
540
S
540
40
E SIZE. MEAN . MEAN 24 -HOUR
OF MINUTES. MAX « MAXIMUM, NUMBER
A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
p
te
3
I
JO
a
-------
Hi
Tibt* H-110. StMlttkt lor H-Kour Cuwlitlvt Nurtxr of Ntnuttl fp*r* Outdoor* »t a firm
ClOuf NAMI
All.
f.KIIUKR
titllllf.R
AI;E
MI:
Ai.t
AliB
AtJE
AUB
HAPE
RACE
RACE
KACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOWEHT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATIOH
EDUCATIOH
EDUCATION
CENSUS SEC I OH
CENSUS REGION
I'MISUS KtylON
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF KEEK
DA* or MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EMPHYS
BROHCH/EMPHVS
SHOO* CODI
i.MALC
2 FEMALE
1.1 -4
2.5-11
1. 12-17
4ill-(4
Si> 84
1:HH1TB
2: BLACK
4; SOME OTHERS
SiKISPANIC
0;NO
lirES
9:REF
UFULL TIKE
2: PART TIME
):HOT EMPLOYED
9:BEF
1: < HIGH SCHOOL
2. HI Gil SCHOOL CHAD
3:< COLLEGE
4 i COLLEGE GRAO.
5 ; POST ORAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2:.MIDHBST
): SOUTH
4: WEST
1 : HEEKCAY
2 WEEKEND
IsNIKTER
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:¥ES
0:NO
liYES
0:NO
1:*ES
U MIAN STDIV
121 252.70) 212.5)7
1C 105. 116 251 4)2
42 145.2)8 137.207
1 510.000
3 121.6(7 52.520
7 111.2(6 76 952
9 157.778 85.416
91 296.670 2S2.209
17 133.824 114,1(2
120 2(0.217 236. 22C
4 51.750 10.92)
2 1(5.000 21.213
2 277.500 222.739
123 252. (10 234.7(2
4 297. SOO 189.14)
1 15.000
19 1)4.947 77.651
7) 314.781 258.070
11 283.000 111.519
24 152.917 181.977
1 20.000
20 117.200 76.255
12 305.000 211.058
SO 114.540 210,110
25 1(6.600 1(5.994
12 290.417 242.90)
9 229.444 246.0(2
11 2)1.182 299.14)
42 202.310 196.644
57 279.702 2J9.)45
18 29). (67 242,324
71 276.859 241,801
50 215.020 210. (IS
12 205,250 207. (CC
40 224.400 211.104
41 27C.091 247.751
1) 179.211 2(4.904
120 256.983 235.209
8 111. SOO 111. 4(1
127 253.019 233.426
1 210,000
125 256,208 213,192
3 IOC. ((7 95.699
i IIMUIJVTIVK NUMHbH OF MINUTES Foil DOERS. STOEV - STANDARD
(IF Hiinat.:: i'K»rKNTii.E» ARB I-WKNTAGE OK DOERS BELOH OR
•IDEM
20.554
27.111
21.171
30.322
29-085
21.472
26. 4 19
12.544
21.564
15.462
IS. 000
157,500
21,1(1
94.571
17. 11C
30.205
55.154
17.554
17.051
(0.927
38. (42
11.199
70.120
12.021
90,195
10.141
11.702
57.116
27. (8S
29.788
16.711
31,72*
17.711
73.471
21.472
66.631
20.711
20.920
55.252
KIN MAX S 25 50 IS 90 9! *1 fl
5
S
S
510
70
25
29
5
i
S
25
ISO
120
5
120
15
25
S
45
5
20
25
10
S
S
30
S
5
15
5
S
S
5
S
S
5
15
S
S
S
210
S
5
DEVIATION.
EQUAL TO
95S
9SS
(00
510
175
2C4
26S
955
49S
955
15
110
435
955
4(5
65
2(5
955
525
825
20
2(5
615
955
555
CIS
7(0
955
780
91)
155
955
155
955
825
911
780
955
500
955
210
955
195
STERR
20 75.0 17C.S 427. S (00.0 710.0 155.0 911
29 10. 0 210.0 SOO.O 660.0 780.0 9)1.0 955
20 50,0 105.0 210.0 265,0 412.0 (00.0 (00
510 510.0 510.0 510.0 510.0 510.0 510,0 510
70 70.0 120.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175.0 175
25 SO.O 100.0 1)0.0 2(4.0 2C4.0 2(4.0 2(4
29 90.0 175,0 235.0 265,0 2(5.0 2CS.O 2(5
20 60.0 210.0 SOO.O (35.0 780.0 93). 0 955
5 SO.O 85,0 160,0 360.0 495.0 495.0 455
20 1S.O 180.0 472.5 (07.5 745.0 155. 0 93)
25 32.5 (2.5 15.0 1S.O 15.0 15.0 IS
150 150.0 165.0 110.0 110.0 180.0 180.0 180
120 120.0 277.5 4)5.0 43S.O 4)5.0 4)5.0 415
20 70,0 178.0 420.0 600.0 730,0 855. 0 931
120 135.0 292.5 460.0 4(5.0 415.0 485.0 485
IS 15.0 85,0 15.0 85.0 85.0 15.0 85
25 it.O 120.0 180.0 2(4.0 265.0 2(5.0 2(5
20 95.0 240.0 525.0 ((0.0 710.0 911.0 955
45 150.0 210.0 490.0 495.0 525.0 525.0 S25
S 1S.O 90.0 20S.O 210.0 495.0 825.0 125
20 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20
27 81.0 120.0 180.0 2(2.0 2(4.5 2(5.0 2(5
30 97.5 125.0 492.5 510.0 (15.0 (15.0 615
20 It.O 215 0 S2S.O 745.0 8SS.O 944.0 955
IS (0.0 155.0 2SS.O 412.0 S25.0 SSS.O 555
10 (7.5 202.5 510.0 (00.0 615.0 (15,0 (15
S 10.0 150.0 210.0 710.0 710.0 710.0 710
5 30.0 100.0 490,0 520.0 955.0 955,0 955
20 (5.0 125.0 265.0 510.0 635.0 710.0 780
25 15,0 195.0 412.0 (35.0 760.0 125.0 91)
S 120.0 220.0 525.0 615.0 855.0 I5S.O 155
IS 15.0 110.0 415.0 615.0 7(0.11 911.0 955
25 (0.0 120.0 290.0 525.0 700.0 792.5 (55
22 77.5 120.0 24S.O 495.0 540.0 955.0 955
2S 60.0 152,5 142. S 525.0 (25.0 125,0 125
20 70.0 210.0 415.0 660.0 760.0 911.0 911
IS 200.0 2(0.0 (00.0 710.0 7(0,0 7(0,0 780
21 75.0 180.0 427.5 (07.5 745.0 155.0 911
S 70,0 110.0 321.5 SOO.O 500.0 500.0 500
20 75.0 175.0 435.0 600.0 710.0 155,0 9)1
210 210.0 210.0 210.0 210.0 210.0 210.0 210
22 75. J) 178.0 435.0 600.0 710.0 855.0 91]
S S.O 120.0 195.0 195.0 19S.O 195.0 195
. STANDARD ERROR. MIN . MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES MAX • MAXIMUM NUKHER
A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Saurcs:
TIM* end KUp«!i, 1996.
? I
liv
a a
S S
a
5
-------
ttblt 14-111.
lUtUtfo
for
K-Hour Cu«il«lve »u*er of IHnut« Spent it Hone IB th« Kitchen
UKQUP HAKE
GROUP CODE
STDBV STDERR KIN KAZ 5 25
-PBRCEHTILB3-
75 JO
M.I,
CKIIUKR
'XIHIKK
siUttiKK
IJtR
WiK
AUK
w«
ftnE
AUE
KACE
RACE
KACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REQION
DAY OF MEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANOINA
AIIGIHA
AHR 1 HA
utiaw.il/emiiytt
IlKOIICII/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMPHYS
1 :HAI.E
2 : FEMALE
9;R6F
1.1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-6-1
5;> 64
liKHITE
2:BLACK
3; ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
5:IIISPANIC
9;REF
0:1(0
1;YES
8:DK
9:REF
1:FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
JsNOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
ls« HIGH SCHOOL
•706} 92 646
29Bi 7'«,99i
4072 105,616
] 40.000
144 102.688
335 11.719
471 60,468
394 55.020
4S31 90 313
1180 131. JIB
5827 95.076
641 79.376
113 89.361
119 69.059
266 , 14.203
97 90.330
4458 93.422
497 (3.819
32 12. 250
76 88.421
1200 62.348
2»«S 77.748
COB 97.499
2239 126 929
SI IOC. 373
. 1146 £1.922
678 100.114
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD 2041 107.209
i: < COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
S:POST GRAD.
1 : NORTHEAST
2.-MIDHEST
3 i SOUTH
4;HEST
1 WEEKDAY
2: WEEK END
I: WINTER
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4 ; FALL
OiHO
liYES
I-.DK
0:NO
IsYES
8:DK
0:NO
I: YES
liOX
c|lHULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR
1341 94.359
933 91.174
715 88.227
.1645 99. 632
1601 96.066
2183 86.253
1434 91.441
4149 90.06*
2214 98.294
1938 96.575
1780 89.020
1890 89.316
1455 96.177
6510 92.441
503 94.038
SO 104.440
6798 91.625
207 122.469
58 105.948
6671 91, M7
336 104.784
54 117.B39
DOERS. STDEV -
Of HIHUTES. PERCENTItES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS
94.207
•0.790
101.027
31.225
110.821
54.382
S2.98I
58.111
90.893
119.549
95.151
91.989
95.450
60.786
77.297
111.55}
94.778
82.921
71.901
118.559
5S.431
77.466
94.046
115,778
168.461
62.315
102.881
102.331
101.169
92.098
87.661
99.719
9J.567
87.055
99.061
92.218
91.207
100.115
90.187
90.984
94.494
93.602
96.001
143.729
91.030
111.412
118.181
92.S87
111.189
142.414
1.1210
1.4780
1 58)2
1
1
1
18.0278 IS
9.2350
2.9712
2.4262
2.9202
1.3503
3.4802
1.2465
3.6333
8.9792
S.S722
4.7J9I
11.5295
1.1794
1.7195
12.7104
11.5997
1.6001
1.4227
1.8141
2.4461
21.5892
1.6985
1.9S11
2.2640
2.7555
1.0152
3.278)
2.4591
2.1384
1.7831
2.6159
1.1241
2.0171
2.2787
2.1376
2.0928
2.4771
1.1601
4.2805
20.1263
1.128)
7.7417
IB. 1703
1.11)6
6.1676
19.1801
STANDARD DEVIATION.
BELOH OR
"EQUAL TO A
s
5
1
1
1
3
1
2
5
2
1
5
1
1
S
S
1
I
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
^
i
4
2
1
1
2
1120
• 40
1120
75
940
192
690
450
1120
825
840
1)20
690
115
585
880
1)20
675
300
810
690
840
755
1120
880
880
775
840
1320
840
770
840
811
880
1)20.
1120
140
1120
840
880
770
1)20
785
880
1)20
6S7
880
1)20
825
880
STERR •
10
10
10
15
15
15
10
5
10
15
10
10
10
7
10
7
10
10
10
7
10
10
10
12
S
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
30
35
15
30
30
10
IS
10
49
30
10
30
30
10
30
30
10
IS
30
10
10
10
45
30
30
14
)S
30
30
30
10
30
10
10
30
30
10
30
30
10
30
10
JO
10
45
30
30
30
30
60.0 120.0
S5.0 90.0
7S.O 1,45. 0
10.0 75.0
70.0 1)0.0
60.0 100.0
50.0 75.0
36.0 65.0
60.0 120,0
100.0 172.0
65.0 120.0
60.0 100.0
75.0 115.0
SS.O 90.0
60.0 110.0
60.0 90.0
(0.0 120.0
60.0 110,0
60.0 112. S
60.0 90.0
50.0 85.0
60.0 100.0
70.0 1)3.5
9S.O 175.0
48.0 110.0
so.o as.o
80.0 150.0
75. 0 150.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 111.0
70.0 1)0.0
6S.O 12S.O
60.0 115.0
60.0 119.0
60.0 119.0
65. S 115.0
65,0 120.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 120.0
65.0 125.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 120.0
100.0 1S5.0
60.0 135.0
60.0 120.0
71.0 115.0
76.0 160.0
205 270.0 165.0
155 215.0 100.0
210 295.0 195.0
75 75.0 75.0
215 260,0 485.0
140 180. 0 22S.O
120 150.0 180.0
125 155.0 240.0
200 260.0 145.0
275 360. 0 490.0
210 271.0 380.0
175:2)0.0 27510
150 220.0 265.0
ISO 195.0 210.0
190 240.0 105.0
190 275.0 480.0
210 270.0 170.0
110 240.0 115.0
185 240.0 100.0
190 240.0 480.0
125 152.5 212.5
165 225.0 300.0
21) 270.0 405.0
270 J42 .0 470.0
210 250.0 840.0
110 165.0 21S.O
2)0 295.0 405.0
235 300.0 41S.O
210 280.0 180.0
200 261.0 130.0
190 260.0 180,0
210 100.0 190.0
211 270.0 15S.O
190 245.0 1)0.0
195 255.0 180.0
195 2S5.0 160.0
220 280.0 190.0
210 285.0 390.0
195 255. 0 350.0
195 2S5.0 162.0
210 275.0 175.0
205 270.0 365.0
210 270.0 145.0
195 240.0 712.5
200 265.0 160.0
255 360.0 415.0
240 240.0 545.0
200 265.0 360.0
225 300.0 480.0
240 27S.O 545.0
460
392
475
75
540
240
2)5
140
420
620
46S
380
650
115
160
180
460
415
100
080
260
176
445
545
880
285
545
500
450
410
405
465
450
420
480
450
480
48S
420
410
470
450
450
BSD
450
620
8BO
445
657
880
STANDARD ERROR. HIM . MINIMUM NUMBER OP MINUTES. MAX - MAXIMUM HUHSBR
GIVEN NUMBER
OP
HIHUTES.
s-
I
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*W4
•tv
a.
s.
9.
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I
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
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ENTILES ME PSRCENTA
and Iltp.1., 1996.
ui a:
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Page
14-124
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
£&
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Aiil:
ACE
AUK
AUE
Kftt'E
• NAI'E
KAI'E
' HACK
KACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF MEEK
DAY OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
WIG I HA
BRONCII/KMIMIYS
BRONCH/EMJ'infS
HKONCH/EHPHYS
U-11I. StitUttct
CROUP CODE
IrMALS
2: FEMALE
9; REF
1:1-4
2iS-II
3ii2.-n
4:18-64
5:» (4
l.NHITE
2: BLACK
J.ASIAM
4: SOME OTHERS "
5: HISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
IlYES
B:OK
9: REF
I: FULL TINE
2: PART TIMS
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9; REP
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL BRAD
1 : • COLLEGE
4 • l.l.EGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAO,
1 : NORTHEAST
2:HIDHEST
3: SOUTH
4: WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1: WINTER
2: SPRING
): SUMMER
4: PALL
OiSO
1:YES
8: UK
0:KO
1:YES
8.DK
O.MO
l.-YES
8:DK
for Z4-Hour Cuwlttivi Kurtwr of Hlnutw Spent »t Hone In tti« ledroo*
| • PEXCEHTILES-- 1
H MEAD STDIV STDERR HIM MAX 5 25 SO 75 90 95 91 99
9151 56). 120 1(4.644 1.9)02 1 1440 300 0 460.0 540. 0 (60.0 780.0 180. 0 1005 1141
(157 549.648 182,976 2.8379 1 1440 285.0 450.0 540.0 (40,0 780.0 860.0 980 1095
4990 574.274 115.3)2 2 6236 % 1440 112.0 470.0 555. 0 660.0 790.0 900.0 1010 1115
4 648.750 122,772 61.1859 540 785 540.0 S45.0 (1S.O 752.5 715.0 785.0 715 785
184 S25.065 191.498 14.2649 IS 1440 195.0 420.0 511.0 600.0 720.0 160.0 9SO 1295
411 741.988 167,051 7.5620 10 1440 419,0 635.0 740.0 840.0 910,0 990.0 1095 1200
689 6(9.144 1(2.818 6.20SS IS 1440 415.0 (00.0 6(5.0 740.0 840.0 915 0 1065 1140
577 616.119 210.88) 1.7792 15 1175 165.0 S42.0 645. 0 750.0 875.0 970.0 1040 1210
5191 5)2.699 172.9(4 2.25J5 1 1440 295.0 440.0 520.0 610.0 721.0 820.0 975 1110
1122 550.800 -171.997 4.7)05 IS 1440 115.0 475.0 540.0 (10.0 71S.O 840.0 1000 1140
7401 551.424 175.912 2.0445 1 1440 100.0 455.0*540,0 640.0 760.0 150.0 975 1105
921 612.110 219.900 7,2111 IS 1440 300.0 480.0 597,0 725.0 (95.0 990.0 1160 112)
153 612.261 187.417 15.1518 25 1285 145.0 510.0 600.0 705.0 830.0 950.0 1005 124S
174 590.711 200.214 15.17(2 IS 140S 100.0 464.0 560. 0 700.0 810.0 960.0 10SO 1152
171 602.577 214.15) 11.0251 25 1440 265,0 4(0.0 517.5 720.0 165.0 958.0 1095 121)
120 SS5.142 198.564 11.1261 10 1405 2(5.0 440.0 5)4.0 6)0.0 762.5 875.0 1290 1295
1)26 560.878 182.574 2.0009 1 1440 300.0 460.0 540.0 650.0 7(0.0 170.0 1000 1140
684 597.402 206. )33 7.8891 15 1440 100.0 480.0 5(5.0 713.0 840.0 959.0 1095 1200
43 542.279 1(9.8*1 25.90(6 135 1002 300.0 420.0 555.0 (60.0 756.0 810.0 1002 1002
91 521.419 180.194 11.2024 10 1295 255.0 415.0 515.0 600.0 71S.O 795.0 910 1295
1716 679.520 115. S35 4.4530 IS 1440 190.0 590.0 (75.0 715.0 192.0 960.0 1065 1170
1992 511.454 157.599 2.4941 1 1440 28). 0 4)5.0 510.0 51S.O 610.0 765.0 (90 1000
777 551.613 169.425 6.0711 15 1135 1)0.0 455.0 540.0 6)0,0 750.0 1)5.0 IOCS 1100
2571 566.409 191.211 1.76(1 S 1440 300.0 478.0 S40.0 (SO.O 780.0 905.0 1095 122)
61 513.971 209.558 25.4126 30 1440 210.0 420.0 497. S 5(5.0 72S.O 795. 0 1200 1440
1925 6(8.2(5 118.751 4.1020 IS 1440 360.0 575,0 661.0 710.0 8(5.0 9(0.0 1060 1170
(07 554.809 180,511 6. 1567 5 1440 300.0 450.0 540.0 6)0.0 775.0 160.0 1015 11(0
2549 5)4.057 176.208 3.4901 1 1440 215.0 447.0 520.0 607.0 720.0 115.0 975 1151
1740 539.070 176.12) 4.2222 5 1440 212.0 450.0 510.0 615.0 715.0 125,0 1005 HIS
1223 526,025 164.899 4.7152 IS 1404 300.0 445.0 51S.O 600.0 71). 0 785.0 965 1070
907 525.192 1(0.567 5.1115 3 1)55 315 0 445.0 510.0 600. 0 690.0 780,0 950 1095
20)7 5(1. SIS 185.27) 4,1050 5 1440 100.0 457.0 540.0 655.0 781.0 885.0 1020 11)9
204S 552.402 179.2)2 1.9614 3 1440 210.0 450.0 540.0 641.0 765.0 160.0 9(5 10)5
3156 570.023 116.180 3-3177 10 1440 100,0 4(5.0 552.0 (60.0 790.0 900.0 10SS 1155
191) 564.897 116.17) 4.2611 S 1440 105.0 460,0 540.0 660.0 791.0 175.0 995 1152
6169 552.611 174.489 2.2216 3 1440 325,0 450.0 5)9.0 635.0 760.0 155. 0 975 11)0
29(2 584. (61 202.361 1.7057 ) 1440 221.0 410.0 570.0 690.0 (25,0 920.0 1055 1170
247S 576.000 18). 782 3.6942 S 1440 305.0 475. 0 SSS.O 660.0 105.0 900.0 10)5 1141
2)65 551,956 176.729 . 1.O41 IS 1440 315.0 455.0 540.0 655.0 770.0 155.0 9(0 1095
2461 566.114 195.229 1.9)54 1 1440 285.0 455. 0 545.0 660.0 110.0 900.0 10)0 1190
1850 547.2)0 179.924 4.1812 3 1440 270.0 450.0 5)7.5 (30.0 750.0 850,0 960 1100
(420 560,114 111.769 1.9911 3 1440 300.0 460.0 540.0 655.0 710.0 170.0 1000 1140
671 593.146 201.517 7.779S 10 1440 100.0 475.0 580.0 690.0 81S.O 946.0 1060 1327
SO 541.117 218.404 28.1951 30 1295 222.5 422.5 540.0 605.0 760.0 912.5 1275 1295
18)6 5(4.211 183.9)5 1.9561 ) 1440 100.0 460.0 540.0 660,0 785,0 (10.0 100S 1140
244 535.545 20). 1(8 13.0526 20 1440 215.0 450.0 522.5 612.5 770.0 140.0 11)5 1230
71 522.11) 191.937 21.0161 10 1295 110,0 420.0 540,0 600.0 (90.0 120.0 990 1295
1660 561,010 114.244 1.9799 1 1440 100.0 460.0 540.0 660.0 780.0 180.0 1005 1141
42) 570.102 192.041 9.1)73 15 1440 294.0 450.0 555.0 (60.0 795.0 900.0 1055 1110
61 524,7(5 186.701 22. (408 30 1295 240.0 420.0 540.0 600.0 700.0 820.0 9)0 1295
NOTE! A "." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "DK" « RESPONOEHT REPLIED 'DON'T KNOW. -REF" . REFUSED DATA. N - DOER SAMPLE SIZE, MEAN . MEAN 24 -HOUR
| CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV * STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR - STANDARD ERROR. MIN - MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES MAX . MAXIMUM IHIMBEB
(II- NiNimSS. I'KRCENTII.ES ARE t'KRCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOW OR E0UAL TO A OIVEB NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Saurct; Twng
•nd Kltptit, 1996
.
n
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!«blt H-1H.
Ititlitlci ler 2*-Houf
Xurtxr o1 Klnottt Iptnt »t
In tht
GKQUr HAKE
ALL
(IIIIUEK
ntiniEH
M;E
WE
U;K
AI;E
HUE
AI;E
HACK
RACE
PACT
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMEMT
EHH.OYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS KEG ION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
JUKS1IM
ANGINA
BROHCH/EMPHYS
BKONCU/EHPHYS
anew coot
1:MALE
2-.TSHM.E
l:t-4
2;5-ll
3:12-17
4:18-64
S:> 64
1 ; WHITE
2: BLACK
1 -.ASIAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
StHISPAHlC
9: REP
OiNO
1:YES
9: REP
1:PULL TIME
2: PART TIMi
3: NOT EMPLOYED
Is* HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
);< COLLE01
4: COLLEGE CHAD.
SaPOST ORAO.
t j'NORTHEAST
2;M1DHEST
)s SOUTH
4:HEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1 .'HINTER
2: SPRING
): SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:1TE$
0:NO
IrYES
0:NO
1:YES
H HEAH ITD1V
19) 117.712 144.451
120 144.051 1(2. (12
7) 74.589 94.322
1 20.000
4 81.500 47.459
t (1.3)1 61.377
12 10.833 79.38)
110 134.50* 165.117
40 88.550 84.108
165 109.509 127.52)
12 20S.OOO 219.413
1 S.OOO
( 186.333 309.416
8 120.000 164.859
1 120.000
174 US. 615 138.452
17 121.588 207.294
2 127.500 10.607
21 79.714 67,545
85 145.259 175.170
17 50.118 51.967
70 112.271 127.192
22 76.545 67.572
14 188.929 195.016
6) 121.286 159.283
48 121.581 147.764
25 118.200 145.77)
21 75.857 81.067
23 117.174 159.451
42 111.181 1(6.198
60 103.683 121.598
68 115.2(5 139,682
IK 128.664 151.968
77 101.190 118.416
51 115.608 1(1,148
S3 1)6.7(1 1(1.141
SI 101.078 121.129
12 112.875 110,217
184 118.591 146,349
9 101.111 102.585
187 118.219 146.174
6 104.167 78. (39
185 114.146 142.947
8 201.875 163.640
STDSM
10 391
14.844
11,040
23.729
25.874
22.627
14.482
11.299
9.928
61.359
125.910
58,287
10.496
50.216
7.500
14.740
19.000
12.604
15.226
14.°406
52.126
20.0(9
21.328
29.155
19.218
33.248
25.676
16. (02
16.939
14.768
13.495
22.6(3
21.2(5
16.989
19.484
10.789
34.195
10. (89
32.104
10.510
57.856
KIN MAX S 35 50 75 tO IS 91 >»
1
2
1
20
15
10
10
1
5
1
S
S
10
IS
120
1
S
120
10
1
S
S
10
S
2
5
S
I
5
10
2
1
1
2
2
5
1
S
1
5
1
10
1
IS
niHIUJlTIVK NIIMIIKR OP MINUTES FOR OOBRS, STOEW . STANDARD DEVIATION.
OF MINHI'IK t'KltCH»TII.ES AUK I'HICWnVWiB OP DOERS BELOH OR
EQUAL TO
790
790
530
20
120
165
240
790
300
(90
570
S
790
S10
120
690
790
1)5
240
790
194
(90
240
675
690
790
480
300
510
£90
570
790
790
675
690
790
530
480
790
270
790
220
790
450
STERR
5.0 20.0 (0.0 150 0 296.0 480.0 665 690
10.0 30.0 93.5 112.5 315.0 518.0 (75 (90
5.0 15.0 30.0 120.0 180.0 240.0 450 530
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20 20
15.0 52.0 99.5 115.0 120.0 120.0 120 120
10.0 25.0 10.0 120.0 165.0 1(5.0 1(5 1(5
10.0 20.0 SO.S 147.5 185.0 240.0 240 240
S.O 20.0 (7.5 110.0 360.0 526.0 675 690
7.5 25.0 (0.0 142. S 227.5 270.0 300 300
S.O 20.0 (0.0 1)5.0 240.0 115,0 526 (75
5.0 )7.S 90.0 405.0 530.0 S70.0 570 570
S.O S.O 5.0 5,0 5.0 5.0 S S
10.0 11.0 30.0 240.0 790.0 790.0 790 790
1S.O 22. S (0.0 135,0 510.0 510.0 S10 510
120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120.0 120,0 120 120
5.0 20.0 60.0 155.0 296.0 460,0 570 (75
S.O 20.0 (0.0 110.0 510.0 790.0 790 790
120,0 120.0 127. S 1)5.0 1)5.0 135.0 135 135
15.0 25. 0 51.0 120.0 165.0 185.0 240 240
5.0 20.0 (5.0 180.0 405.0 530.0 (75 790
S.O 15.0 10.0 60.0 135.0 194.0 194 194
5.0 30.0 75.0 1)5.0 255,0 450.0 480 690
10.0 20.0 50.5 120,0 165.0 185.0 240 240
5.0 10.0 120.0 215.0 510.0 (75.0 (75 675
S.O 25.0 60.0 165.0 300.0 S30.0 665 630
10.0 30.0 60.0 140.0 296,0 450,0 790 790
5.0 20.0 (0.0 120.0 405.0 460.0 480 480
2.0 10.0 10.0 120.0 195.0 260.0 300 300
15.0 30.0 60,0 135,0 460.0 510.0 510 510
20.0 40.0 17.5 120.0 260.0 (65.0 (90 690
S.O 12.5 52.5 127.5 21). 0 427.5 410 570
S.O 20.0 72.5 152.5 300.0 315.0 510 790
S.O 25.0 (0.0 165.0 315. 0 S10.0 6(5 690
10.0 20.0 60.0 120.0 240.0 )00.0 526 (75
5.0 15.0 50,0 1SO.O 240.0 526.0 665 690
10.0 30,0 90,0 1(5.0 115,0 570.0 675 790
S.O 20.0 (0.0 120.0 260.0 450.0 4(0 5)0
10.0 25.0 85.0 157.5 240.0 315.0 480 410
S.O 25.0 60.0 150.0 100.0 410.0 6(5 (90
S.O 15.0 (0.0 180.0 270.0 270.0 270 270
5.0 20.0 (0.0 1SO.O 100.0 480.0 (65 (90
10.0 25.0 110.0 150.0 220.0 220.0 220 220
5.0 20.0 60.0 135.0 260.0 480.0 ((S 690
1S.O (0.0 177.5 3)7. S 450.0 4SO.O 450 450
. STANDARD ERROR. MIN > MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX - MAXIMUM NUMBER
A GIVKN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
.
S,
Tung wd Kltp.li. 1996.
e
3
a
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-------
^ V*!
<£ 43
Sa Cs
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£ Jw
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•*4 <§
Tible K-115.
f.xtnir NAME CROUP CODE
M.I.
(iUll'kk 1 :MALE
'iKHUKH 2; FEMALE
I;KHOKK 9.ntr
WiE
AI:B 1:14
»":t 2:5-11
A'JE 3:12-17
M;K 4.18-C4
t>li£ S:» 64
HACK 1 : WHITE
PAC'E 2;BLACK
RACK ): ASIAN
RACE 4; SOME OTHERS
RACE 5:HISPANIC
RACE 9:REF
HISPANIC OiNO
HISPANIC 1:YES
HISPANIC 8.-DK
HISPANIC 9;REF
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT 1:FULL TIME
EMPLOYMENT 2: PART TIKE
EMPLOYMENT 3: NOT EMPLOYED
EMPLOYMENT 9:REF
EDUCATION
Stntiitict
M
274
1)2
141
I
)
a
25
2G
170
42
248
IS
2
1
1
5
26)
C
1
4
57
107
22
85
1
65
pUCATION Is* HIGH SCHOOL 15
EDUCATION 2:H1GH SCHOOL GRAD 78
HIUCATION 3:* COLLEGE
EDUCATION 4 i COLLEGE GRAD
EDUCATION S;PQST CHAD.
CENSUS REGION 1: NORTHEAST
CENSUS REGION 2iNIOHEST
CENSUS REGION 3: SOUTH
CENSUS REGION 4 WEST
DAY OF MEEK I : WEEKDAY
DAY OF MEEK 2: WEEKEND
SEASON 1: WINTER
SEASON 2; SPRING
SEASON 3 sSUMMER
SEASON 4 : FALL
ASTIIKA 0:NO
ASTHHA liYES
ASTHMA 8: OK
ANGINA 0:NO
Atn;itiA i :YES
Mil 1 1 HA 8:DK
lllllBM'll/KMI'UY!; «: NO
UHWirtl/KHMlYS IsYES
BRONCH/EMPHYS 8: OK
NOTE: A -.- SIGNIFIES MISSING
41
39
29
90
123
35
26
178
96
BO
65
79
SO
25)
20
1
269
)
2
MS
8
1
lor Z4-Hoor
MEAN STDEV
142 150 161.882
160 366 180.747
125.660 14), 28)
CO, 000
171. 6C7 122,712
94.750 55.695
1)5.400 145.945
97,462 111,06)
151.271 172.660
143. S3) 171.502
1)3.750 154.010
181.800 165.472
115.000 106,066
468.667 455.654
10.000
263.200 171.071
1)9.046 161.666
185.000 197.332
185.000
271.250 198.762
115. SCI 124.205
149.075 178.61)
115.000 114. BOB
157.951 17C.14T
151.667 110.265
129.492 111.447
169.867 201.464
159.1*5 188. 681
ICO. 58) 184.204
14C.744 150 BOB
7). 1)8 6C,272
115.611 118.744
129.024 146.9)9
187.971 205.847
214.42) 247.688
115.3)1 159.404
154.792 169.263
144.475 147,022
174.215 196.78)
142.367 180.698
96.400 83.080
14). 126 164.133
124,650 ISO. 961
245.000
141.409 163. 736
201.667 122.100
152.500 130.815
DR. 996 ISO. 980
211.750 214.171
245.000
DATA. *DK- • RESPONDENT
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF HINUTES FOR DOERS.
OF HINUTES. PERCBHTILBS ARE PERCENTAGE
lourc*: Tisng and Klep*is,
1996.
CiAulfttfve
STDERR
9.140
15,7)2
12.067
70. (48
19,691
29.189
22.171
13.242
26.772
9.784
42.725
75.000
263.072
77.400
9.969
80.561
99,181
16,451
17,269
24.477
19.128
61,661
1C. 552
52.534
21,164
26.588
24.149
12.106
12.517
11.249
14.794
48.576
11.948
17.275
16.418
24.408
20.330
11.749
10.322
13.756
9.98)
70.494
92,500
S.8M
75,721
Nuifeer
HIM MAX
1 9)1
1 931
2 810
60 60
10 245
23 180
15 705
1 515
1 810
S 931
1 BIO
12 515
60 210
10 931
10 10
60 540
1 911
15 555
US 185
GO 540
1 70S
1 BIO
10 515
S 931
30 245
1 70S
5 COS
5 BIO
2 911
10 SSS
1 245
5 555
2 7«5
10 9)1
110
810
911
6)0
9)1
765
5 1)2
1 9)1
1 510
245 245
1 931
65 300
60 245
I ') II
20 60S
245 245
REPLIED "DON'T KNOM" .
STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR «
OP DOERS BELOH OR EQB.1L 70
of Minutes Spent in the Biiewent
| -PERCKKTII.B3
S 25 50 15 90
10.0 30.0 90. 0 1BO.O 3)0.0
10.0 40.0 90.0 202. S 490.0
10,0 10.0 75.0 175.0 265.0
60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0
30.0 10.0 240.0 245.0 245,0
28.0 47.5 90.0 1)7.5 180,0
15.0 60.0 105,0 140.0 270.0
10.0 10,0 60.0 150.0 240.0
5.0 10.0 90.0 210.0 410.0
10.0 40.0 90.0 170.0 130.0
10,0 10.0 90.0 167.5 315 0
12.0 40.0 150.0 270.0 450,0
60.0 60.0 115.0 210.0 210.0
20.0 20.0 455.0 931.0 931.0
10,0 10.0 30.0 30.0 )0.0
CO.O 231.0 240.0 145.0 540.0
10.0 30,0 90.0 180.0 110.0
15.0 10.0 150.0 210.0 555.0
185.0 185.0 18S.O 185.0 185.0
60,0 150.0 242.5 392.5 540.0
12,0 40.0 90.0 150.0 240.0
5.0 10.0 75. 0 210,0 450,0
25.0 CO.O 77.5 150.0 185.0
10.0 15.0 120,0 210.0 330.0
30.0 10.0 180.0 24S.O 245.0
1S.O 45. 0 90.0 160.0 270.0
5.0 10.0 90.0 255.0 565.0
5.0 40.0 90.0 195.0 420.0
10.0 25.0 120,0 202.5 400.0
10.0 30.0 70.0 210.0 450.0
10.0 10.0 60.0 100.0 210,0
10.0 40.0 72.5 150.0 250.0
10.0 10.0 90.0 110.0 270.0
28.0 45.0 110.0 255,0 450,0
1.0 30.0 165.0 325.0 705,0
10.0 30.0 82.5 180.0 315.0
10.0 50.0 97.5 190.0 450.0
13.5 30 0 90.0 220.5 315.0
5.0 CO.O 105.0 210.0 490.0
5.0 30,0 85.0 150.0 455.0
10.0 30.0 CO.O 145.0 240.0
10.0 15.0 90.0 180.0 110.0
5.5 1C.O 72.5 177,5 182.5
245.0 245.0 145.0 245.0 245.0
10.0 30.0 90,0 1BO.O 330.0
C5.0 CS.O 240.0 100.0 300.0
CO.O 60.0 152.5 245.0 245.0
10.0 30.0 90.0 1BO.O 3)0 0
20.0 C7.S 180 0 375.0 605.0
245.0 245.0 245,0 245.0 245.0
95
535
565
420
60
245
180
420
275
555
455
510
515
210
931
30
540
510
555
IBS
540
410
540
290
600
245
420
605
720
600
510
210
400
510
720
720
535
540
480
555
60S
255
540
510
245
5)5
300
245
515
C05
245
98
705
720
70S
CO
245
110
70S
515
720
9)1
705
515
210
931
10
540
705
555
185
540
515
720
515
720
245
5)5
605
765
911
555
245
540
COS
931
110
720
COO
610
110
720
101
705
510
245
705
300
245
705
COS
245
"REF- - REFUSED DATA. N - DOER SAMPLE
STM!DA*D ERROR. MIN • MINIMUM
NUMBER OF
---1
99
765
7C5
720
CO
245
180
705
515
7CS
931
720
515
210
931
30
54 0
765
555
185
540
705
765
535
P31
245
705
COS
810
9)1
SSS
245
555
CIO
911
810
765
931
CIO
9)1
765 -
132
765
510
245
765
100
245
7C5
COS
245
SIZE. MEAN - MEAN 24-HQtffi
MINUTES. MAX - MAXIMUM NUMBER
A GIVEN NUMBER OF HINUTES,
I
Ki
•^t
la
£3
l
fK.
**••
f\
S.
,
.Q
S1
••*
o
5
m
*ik
RL
p%
* ^w
-------
bo
5«
e
2
*Sj
rs
1
J3>» E"3
l|
-------
II
II
^i
e? S
V% Sw
rs
I
1
W3
*B
0
S
8s
g
O
??•
*^ K-
It
I«bt«
14-117. *t*tittlc»
•
for i4-Hour CuajUtive Kurbtr
of Minutes Spent «t
How In tht
Outdoor
| , . PgRCEHTZLES
URt«H» HAHE
AM.
UtMUER
AiiE
W;E
?«i;B
«;E
A'iE
WiB
HACK
HACK
BACK
HACK
MACE
IIIUI'ANIC
MIKI-Mlir
IIIM'ANK'
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPIAYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OP HECK
DAY OF MEEK
SEAiiUN
SEASON
SEASOfI
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EMPHYS
gROHCH/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMPHYS
CROUP CODE
1:MALE
2 : FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
1:12-17
4:18-64
5i> 64
1 ;H!IITE
2 .-BLACK
4 i SOME OTHERS
5:1IISPA)IIC
9: REP
0:HO
ItYBS
H:HKt
1:FULL TIME
2: PAST TIME
1;NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
J:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE CHAD.
5: POST GRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2 -MIDWEST
1: SOUTH
4:MEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
l.HIKTER
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4 : FALL
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
0 NO
8:DK
0;NO
1:YES
1:DK
KOft"! A "." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA.
N MEAN STDEV
85 IIS. 318 101.711
14 1U 676 106 758
51 116.412 102.691
2 60,000 • 63 .640
9 85.556 86.129
IS 1(4.200 101.9(9
5 97.003 51.805
44 117.614 112,718
10 78,900 as, lie
75 120,091 107.721
5 66.000 59.729
1 105.000
2 112.500 51.011
2 17.500 31.820
78 116.821 104.631
S 121,000 101.174
2 37.500 31.820
29 121.207 96.956
27 111.889 102.499
2 217.500 100.520
26 91.962 94.815
1 IS 000
30 124.431 97.48C
8 109. 17S 1SS.167
IS 150.000 110. SIC
17 80.529 66.660
9 120.556 107.108
( 81.667 42.012
21 115.148 111. 518
16 (4.625 61,616
21 114,696 78.499
23 111.174 129.262
56 114.4(4 106.726
29 116.966 99.452
10 118.900 159.415
24 97.417 74. 622
47 124. 511 104.250
4 105.750 107.481
71 109.890 105.4(1
11 1(0.455 82.155
1 15.000
84 116.512 101.746
1 IS. 000
78 115.711 101.786
i I2(.«7 117,792
1 15.000
STDHM
11,249
18.101
14.380
45.000
29 776
26.B4S
24.062
16,99]
26.980
12.439
26.711
17.500
22. SOD
11.847
41. 1«
22.500
11.004
19.726
212. SOO
18.599
17.79B
54.910
11.699
16 . 167
35.769
17.159
21.670
IS. 909
16.168
2C.951
14,262
18.468
SO. 412
15.212
15.206
51.741
12,146
24.811
11.320
11.525
56.251
HIM
1
5
1
IS
IS
25
40
4
1
1
10
105
75
IS
I
10
IS
IS
4
25
1
IS
15
S
1
4
IS
30
1
4
15
IS
1
10
4
10
1
10
1
85
IS
1
IS
1
IS
IS
"OK* • RESPONDENT REPLIED 'DON'T
rilMIII,ATIVK NUMBKII OP MINUTES foil DOERS. STDEV - STANDARD
. ill-' MINUTES. PKRCKNTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OP DOERS BELOW OR
MAX
4SO
4SO
4SO
105
2SS
450
180
450
258
450
ISO
105
ISO
(0
4SO
300
60
4SO
190
450
3CO
15
4SO
450
390
240
297
115
450
2SS
390
450
450
160
4SO
160
450
259
450
ICO
IS
450
IS
450
160
15
KNOH".
DEVIATION. STERR .
EQUAL TO
5 25 SO
15 14.0 90.0
10 45.0 75.0
IS 30.0 90.0
IS 15.0 CO.O
IS 10.0 60.0
25 105. 0 140.0
40 60.0 100,0
IS 12.0 82. S
1 20.0 52. S
IS 14.0 90,0
10 20.0 45,0
105 105.0 105.0
75 75.0 112.5
IS 15.0 17.5
10 14.0 90.0
10 CO. a 75.0
15 15.0 17.5
20 CO.O 105.0
10 30.0 90,0
25 25,0 237. S
5 10.0 (7.S
IS 15.0 15.0
IS CO.O 10S.O
5 15.0 17. S
1 45.0 105.0
4 10.0 7S.O
IS 10.0 85.0
10 CO.O 67. S
10 40.0 100.0
4 25.0 52. S
20 60.0 105.0
25 JO.O 75,0
S 10.fi 90.0
20 45.0 85.0
4 20.0 10.0
30 52. S 80.0
IS 40.8 90.0
30 30.0 67.5
10 JO. 0 75.0
85 90.0 1SO.O
IS 15.0 15.0
IS 17.8 90.0
IS 15.0 15,0
10 40.0 90.0
IS 2S.O 67. S
IS 1S.O 15.0
75 90
150,0 255.0
1SO.O 258.0
178.0 240.0
105.0 105.0
7S.O 2SS.O
185.0 100.0
105.0 180,0
1SS.O 297.0
90.0 226. S
180,0 258,0
105.0 150.0
105.0 105. 0
1SO.O 150.0
60.0 CO.O
160.0 2SS.O
1SO.O 100,0
60.0 60.0
178.0 255.0
150.0 297.0
4SO.O 450.0
130.0 240.0
15.0 15.0
178.0 250.0
1S7.S 4SO.O
240.0 160.0
90.0 225.0
180.0 297.0
110.0 13S.O
225.0 245.0
82. S 135.0
150.0 115. 0
19S.O 360,0
155.0 255,0
150.0 297.0
115.0 40S.O
120.0 180.0
185.0 255.0
181.5 258. 0
140,0 2SS.O
225.0 225. 0
15.0 15.0
155.0 255. 0
15.0 15.0
150.0 255. 0
22S.O 1CO.O
1S.O 15.0
•REF" . REFUSED DATA. N -
STANDARD ERROR.
95
ICO
ICO
ICO
105
2SS
450
iao
1(0
258
ICO
ISO
10S
ISO
CO
160
100
(0
100
ICO
450
258
IS
300
450
390
240
297
135
297
2S5
210
360
390
360
450
195
100
258
160
3(0
IS
3(0
IS
3(0
1(0
IS
DOER
98
450
450
190
105
2SS
450
180
4SO
258
450
ISO
10S
ISO
(0
4SO
100
60
450
190
4SO
3CO
IS
450
4SO
390
240
297
US
450
255
190
4SO
4SO
160
4 SO
3CO
4SO
258
450
160
IS
450
IS
450
ICO
IS
Pool or Spl
t
99
450
450
450
105
2SS
450
180
450
258
4SO
150
IDS
ISO
(0
450
100
60
450
190
450
360
IS
4SO
450
390
240
297
135
4 SO
2SS
390
450
450
ICO
450
160
4SO
2S8
4SO
160
IS
4SO
15
450
ICO
IS
SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN • MEAN 24 -HOUR
MIN » MINIMUM NUMBER
OF MIMOTES MAX * MAXIMUM NUMBER
A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES,
toure*: Twng trt KliptU, tW6.
Q o"
S I
S 3
a a
4- 4
I I
a a
-------
T*bl«
f
c
Stitlltlct tor J4-Hour
Outlldt th« Houtt
Cwulttlv* Kwixr ef Klmittt Spwt »t How In the Ttrd or otlwr »rt»»
oioar cooi
ITPtV ITO««« NIK MAX
25 50
75 90
99
Alii
CCNOEK
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
ACS
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OP HEEX
DAY OF NEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGIHA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EMPBYS
BRONCH/EHPHYS
BRONCK/EMPHYS
It HALE
21FEHA1JE
9 1 KEF
.
1:1-4
2i5-ll
1-.1Z-17
4:19-64
Si> 64
1: WHITE
2; BLACK
3: AS IAN
4 i SOME OTHERS
S: HISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
llYES
BiDX
9tREr
I; HILL TIHB
2; PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:RBF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2)01 1)7. S87
1198 151.441
1107 114.117
3 111. 3)1
27 187.370
151 135.111
271 150.594
1S7 113.153
1301 136.382
401 141.125
1966 1)9.0)7
17) 129.416
21 101.190
37 183.541
1) 106.108
28 152.321
2122 1)7,711
153 135.000
10 213.800
23 176, 7)»
511 117.501
807 1)1.017
ICC 126.145
7)9 146.097
IS 1*8.000
. 615 136.349
2)6 161.017
2:HIOH SCHOOL GRAD 611 144. 706
):< COLLEGE
4, -COLLEGE GRAD.
S:POST GRAD.
I s NORTHEAST
2 i MIDWEST
liSOUTH
4:MEST
1 :HBBH3AY
2:NEEKEND.
l-.HINTER
2.SPHINO
1:SOH«ER
4: FALL
O.-NO
liYES
B:I)K
0:NO
l-.YES
8:DK
0:NO
I: YES
ItDK
NOTE: A ".* SIGNIFIES MISSIHG D)
(fUMOLATlVE NUMBER Or MINUTES FOR
OF MINUTES,
3B1 12S.84)
251 122.968
207 127.126
471 137.670
4SC 138.85)
8)2 11C. 472
547 111.155
145) 126.919
855 155.716
199 112.190
V87 149.7)8
79C 14). 681
126 124.457
2129 117. 746
ICC 131.5(6
11 118. 4C2
2228 116.521
0 15B.693
17 199.118
2191 131.79)
105 104.411
12 207.500
DOERS. STDEV »
PERCENTILE5 ARC PERCINTAGE OF DOERS
144.112
1(0. 016
120.869
(0.277
1(4.484
111.41)
1)5.111
117.746
147.923
155.213
145.534
144.607
11.485
1(1.158
96.781
151.049
144,330
134.2(5
192.2)2
ISC. SSI
125.5(2
150.70)
134.084
149, (72
239,029
125. CSC
18C.4C9
144.929
141.194
135.802
149.975
1)2. 7C9
155.656
14S.455
119.946
111.575-
161,693
1)5.9(7
1)9.245
155. 18C
1)0.521
144.410
136.006
192.141
141.088
216.141
191.105
144.994
111.212
192.210
2,9*97
4. (211
3.6321
14.1010
31.6549
9.0723
8.2074
9.)»72
4.1011
7.7510
3.2123
10.994)
19.1091
26. (094
10.6231
2S.S4SS
3.1112
10.1547
60.7892
12.6411
5.2092
5.1050
10.4070
5.5058
(1,7171
5.0669
12.1)11
5.8299
7.2)36
8.5717
10.4240
6.1047
7.2893
5.084)
5.9837
3.4519
S.S298
6.8068
4.9635
S.52S2
7.2290
3.1297
10.5561
53.2904
2.9890
27.25(4
46.39(1
1.097C
10.8(00
55.4919
1
1
1
120
2
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
12
2
2
5
1
1
3
S
2
I
1
1
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
S
1
2
S
1
I
5
STANDARD DEVIATION.
BELOM OR
EQUAL TO
1290
1290
10(5
240
(00
(30
1250
6(0
1080
1290
1290
1250
3(0
750
CIO
600
1290
ISO
585
COO
1250
1010
1080
1290
6CO
1250
1290
840
1080
750
1065
750
1290
1080
750
1250
1290
1080
915
1290
720
1290
670
COO
1290
10(0
600
1290
551
600
STERR «
10
10
S
120
S
25
20
S
5
10
10
5
IS
3
5
5
10
S
3
S
IS
s
10
10
s
15
10
5
S
10
5
10
10
10
5
S
10
s
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
S
5
10
5
5
40 90,0
60 120.0
30 75.0
120 190.0
CO 120.0
CO 90.0
(0 120.0
30 80.0
10 90.0
45 90,0
40 90.0
30 95. 0
35 90.0
84 120.0
35 75.0
60 97.5
40 90.0
30 85.0
60 145. 0
CO 160.0
60 110.0
10 80.0
30 77.5
45. 100.0
10 120.0
60 105.0
45 105. 0
40 100.0
15 15.0
30 75. 0
30 78.0
45 90.0
45 90.0
)S 90.0
36 90.0
35 90.0
45 110.0
30 (0.0
CO 120.0
45 99.0
)S §7.5
40 90.0
30 90.0
CO 90.0
41 90.0
)0 75.0
35 120.0
45 90.0
10 CO.O
(0 140.0
STANDARD ERROR.
A Given NUMBER
Or HIHUTES.
110 120,0
198 3(0.0
ISO 215. 0
240 240.0
2)0 395.0
110 105.0
190 110.0
150 240,0
110 130.0
110 302,0
110 130.0
18.0 270.0
125 210,0
270 380.0
145 240,0
210 3(0.0
180 320,0
150 270,0
180 502.5
240 360.0
180 100.0
175 107,0
180 100.0
185 160,0
4CS 600.0
180 100.0
195 390. 0
195 360.0
175 100.0
1(0 300.0
150 120.0
185 )17.0
1(0 100.0
180 310.0
180 330.0
165 100.0
210 3(0.0
140 300.0
19S 338 0
180 310.0
160 100.0
180 115.0
165 145.0
300 410.0
180 315.0
180 420.0
325 480.0
180 320.0
145 270.0
1)0 480.0
420
500
3(0
240
600
345
405
405
4)5
465
4)5
390
240
55)
270
510
420
415
SIS
510
170
450
3(0
465
660
370
510
479
400
390
435
420
440
420
460
395
475
390
410
450
360
420
450
COO
420
4BS
COO
410
360
(00
Mill • MINIMUM
570 6(0
(27 7)0
450 560
249 240
COO COO
450 410
55) 570
462 CIO
570 715
598 660
570 C70
462 745
360 360
750 750
1)0 CIO
600 COO
570 C70
57S CIO
515 SIS
600 600
480 570
COO 745
450 415
515 655
(60 CCO
480 570
765 915
555 CCO
585 720
515 690
570 630
532 (00
57S 690
570 7)0
S70 630
SSI 610
630 745
540 690
555 660
610 715
510 655
570 690
S5i 610
600 COO
570 660
1065 10«0
600 COO
570 690
415 47S
600 COO
f.R SAMPLE SIZK. HKAM . MRAH 21 IKJIIH
DUMBER OF HIKIITKS. MAX • MAXIMUM IHIHI-H'
S.
Ib.
a
i-
i
-------
53.
l«bl« H-119. ttttlittc* for Z«-*our o*ul«tlw Huifcer of Minutes Spent Traveling In • ear
I-
CHOW HUB
CROUP COD*
ETDBV BTDBRR
5 25
•PBBCEKTILE3
75 tO
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
ACE
AC!
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
CHPLOYHEKT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF MEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
EF.ASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/ENPHW
8RONCH/EHPI1YS
BRONCH/EXPHYS
1:MALB
2: FEMALE
9: REP
1:1-4
1:5-11
1:11-17
4;1»-S4
5:> 64
I: WHITE
2: BLACK
3; ASIAN
4s SOME OTHERS
5: HISPANIC
9:REF
0:HO
1;YES
(:DK
9sRBF
1:FULL TIKE
2 1 PART TIME
liNOT EH PLOY ED
9; REP
1:< HIOH SCHOOL,
2-.HIOH SCHOOL CHAD
J:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE ORAD.
5; POST GRAO.
1: NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
3: SOUTH
4 ;HEST
1'KEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1; HINTED
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:HO
1:YES
8:DK
OjNO
1:YES
B:DK
O-.KO
1;YES
8:0K
55(0
2852
170S
2
120
297
4.49
111
4419
812
5131
640
in
121
265
10
S907
til
29
81
1124
1114
632
1629
41
1260
434
1805
1115
' 992
114
1412
1492
2251
1405
4427
2111
1701
1715
1767
1355
SOS!
4C1
14
6368
154
11
6224
100
36
87,42(1
9'ffl.719«
04.90(9
JO. 0000
94.0250
SI. 0101
64. £125
64.3146
93.6278
S3. 5283
67.6283
86.8063
78,7607
87.6942
90,0717
12.4000
17.4(57
10,541!)
61.8966
16.1194
54 2482
91.55(1
90.0506
90.1603
97.1707
66.5310
86.0115
91 8476
91.2427
9S.E683
91.S39S
85.8343
89.0992
it. 2625
85.9089
83.9248
94.6929
11.4692
88.5890
88.0266
90.12(9
17.4141
81.2419
78.4111
17.5400
12.1151
89.6053
07.SS17
65.5833
81.055*
00
97
SO
14
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2.1440
2,5010
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1.2779
2.0357
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2.0571
2.5312
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4.2797
9.0176
1.1115
S.S254
11.8221
1.1261
4.19(8
10.5217
1
1
1
20
7
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
5
1
2
S
1
2
5
S
1
2
2
1
10
1
S
1
2
4
4
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
10
1
1
10
1
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5
1280
1200
870
40
591
190
900
£10
1200
780
12*0
690
160
540
825
420
1200
B25
125
420
900
1200
878
780
130
900
620
070
1200
840
905
780
625
900
1280
90S
1280
.070
90S
900
1200
1200
870
219
12*0
165
160
1200
SOS
219
10 14.0 61.0 110.0 175.0 240.0
10 30.0 61.0 115.0 185.0 254.0
10 35,0 61. S 110.0 1(5.0 220.0
20 20.0 30.0 40.0 40,0 40.0
10 17.5 71.5 120.0 1*0.0 222.5
10 25.0 45.0 80.0 115.0 100.0
S 20.0 40.0 85.0 14S.O 175,0
9 20.0 41,0 80.0 136.0 105. 0
11 40.0 70.0 120.0 1B4.0 250.0
10 10.0 60.0 110.0 165.0 225.0
10 31.0 64.0 110.0 175.0 240.0
10 15.0 (5.0 115,0 180.0 240.0
20 1S.O (0.0 95. a 135.0 225.0
10 10.0 60.0 120.0 180,0 250. 0
IS 15,0 CS.O 100.0 16S.O 215.0
12 30.0 60.0 120.0 167.5 229.5
10 15.0 65.0 110.0 175. 0 240.0
10 10,0 60.0 101,0 180,0 240,0
( 20.0 40.0 60.0 1S7.0 200.0
14 30.0 60.0 120.0 100.0 219.0
S 20.0 45.0 11.0 116,0 180.0
IS 40.0 70.0 120.0 180.0 242.0
10 40.0 70.0 116.5 17S.O 210.0
10 1S.O CO.O 115.0 195.0 250.0
15 30.0 7S.O 120.0 220.0 290.0
6 21.0 45.0 85.0 145.0 106. S
10 35.0 (0.0 115.0 165.0 210.0
10 38,0 (5,0 115.0 190.0 255.0
10 16.0 70.0 120.0 1*0.0 250. 0
14 40.0 71.0 120.0 18S.O 2SO.O
20 40.0 75.0 115,0 175. 0 215.0
10 13.0 60.0 110.0 170.0 240.0
10 15,0 (5.0 112.5 180,0 250.0
10 14.0 65,0 115.0 175.0 215,0
10 30.0 (0.0 110.0 175.0 215. 0
10 10,0 (0.0 105.0 165.0 225.0
10 15,0 70.0 120.0 190.0 265.0
10 10.0 (0.0 10S.O 1(5.0 230.0
10 10.0 (0.0 110.0 180.0 250.0
10 15.0 (5.0 115.0 170.0 21S.O
10 15.0 70.0 115.0 170.0 240.0
10 14.0 Cl.O 110. 0 175. 0 240.0
IS 14.0 64.0 110.0 1(5,0 245.0
10 10.0 71.0 100,0 160.0 220.0
10 14.0 (1.5 110.0 175.0 240.0
10 10.0 (0.0 115.0 162.0 214.0
10 1S.O 73.5 120.0 180.0 219.0
10 14.0 (2.0 110.0 175.0 240.0
10 15.0 C8.S 109. 0 185. 0 217. S
10 10,0 71.0 120.0 175. 0 220.0
345
160
115
40
415
215
110
100
160
115
160
105
120
330
46S
315
145
188
125
115
270
1(0
110
16S
310
270
3(0
3*5
300
170
130
110
3(0
118
145
130
360
350
100
110
115
ISO
145
219
ISO
285
3(0
350
)OS
219
450
S26
420
40
450
270
145
300
495 '
405
4(0
110
110
14S
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420
440
595
125
420
MS
J90
104
4(5
110
150
455
4(5
460
500
380
410
465
490
41S
440
455
425
480
450
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450
SOS
219
450
120
160
450
435
219
I
3
•*X
i
S. 3.
I- 3-
NOTEt A -." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "DK" • RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T K1IOH" . "REF* - REFUSED DATA. H - DOER SAMPLE SIZE, MEA1I « MF.MI 24-IIWlH
[CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STKRR . STANDARD ERROR. HIM . MINIMUM NUKBER OF MINUTES. MAX - HAXIWIM I
or MINUTES, PERCBNTILBS ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELCH OH EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
lourut Turn wd KlifNtU, 19M.
-------
Iibl* 1«-1W, ttitlitlc. f»r
CwuUtlvt Ku*«r o» Klnuut Sf*«t trwtllng In • truck
oxour KAMI
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
ACE
AGE
ADS
AGE
AOI
RACK
RACE
MCC
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REG I OH
CENSUS REGION
DAY Of MBBK
DAY Of WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EWPitYS
BRONCH/EHPHYS
BRONCH/WPHYS
OllOtIP COOt
1:HALE
2: FEMALE
.
It 1-4
2:5-11
3>12-17
4lll-«4
Sl> (4
1:HHITE
2 1 BLACK
Ji ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
SiHISPANIC
9: REP
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liDK
9: REP
1:FULL TINE
2 i PART TIN8
3: HOT EMPLOYED
9s REP
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
H HtAM
1172 15.100
7(0 91.0>7
412 74.407
11 110.7(9
41 10.129
19 47. COT
tO ((.7(3
1S9 il.420
90 79,000
1023 84.717
liHINTBR
3 1 SPRING
3 i SUMMER
4; FALL
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1:YES
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liDX
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S-.DK
218 91,992
127 85.228
66 112.419
170 85.365
2(1 91.209
491 17.279
243 74.741
796 10.01)
}7C 96.346
322 76.543
300 92.477
32) 1C, 11)
227 84.21S
1092 15.211
71 83.639
t 101,175
114} 84.861
20 93.400
10 118.500
1121 85.469
IS 77.800
» 93.13)
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95.1(7
105.361
74.197
129.171
154, 29S
44.201
71.014
97.568
82.420
96.222
98.465
63. Jll
41,4(0
99.310
110.754
95.5*7
100.750
36.117
111. (4)
86.416
101.354
88.958
15.775
114.260
86.936
11.711
94.724
111,776
74.586
117.975
104.161
94.430
100,099
11-. 299
90.S69
105.491
91.604
100.164
99.255
90.861
91,452
125.252
129.668
95.219
1 IS. 003
128.51)
9(.S79
CO.S27
123.920
HOTf: A -.« SIGNIFIES M1SSINQ DATA. -OK" m RESPONDENT R
CUMULATIVE NUMBER Or HINUTtS FOR DOERS. STDEV - STANDARD
OF MINUTES. PERCEHTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OP DOERS
tourcti Tuni md Kttpcfl,
19W.
BELOM OR
STDERR
2.100)
1.1221
3. (554
35.1274
24.09(9
4. (1(1
7.9475
3.3426
8. 6878
3.009S
11.9406
36.5529
10.8360
14.3341
33.39)5
2.9229
10.1015
16.1833
33 6615
(.0)55
4.0001
9.0)2)
5.1221
34.4501
5.7324
7.4904
4.784)
7.2454
(.(114
14.5217
7,9688
5.7682
4.5174
5.2151
3.2101
5.4404
5.1049
5.7830
5.5227
6.0306
2.1210
14.7(11
45.8446
2.8177
25.9)90
40. ((IS
2.8756
10.2301
41.IOC8
MM HAS 5 2
1
1
1
10
1
1
5
2
10
1
(
90
5
S
10
1
S
20
10
1
4
2
5
10
1
5
3
4
S
10
2
1
4
5
1
2
1
1
2
5
1
S
10
1
5
10
1
5
10
DEVIATION.
EQUAL TO
955
9SS
510
450
955
340
35S
750
453
955
453
210
165
440
390
955
630
97
390
»55
150
4(0
(55
390
955
453
S75
750
970
(SO
695
750
955
479
750
955
955
•(95
750
(75
750
955
190
9SS
5SS
390
955
240
)90
STEW)
10.0 30-0
10.0 30.0
10.0 25.0
10.0 15.0
10.0 15,0
7.0 15.0
5.5 15,0
10.0 30.0
12,0 30.0
10.0 30.0
14.0 27, S
90.0 90.0
7.5 25.0
10,0 27, S
10,0 30.0
10.0 10.0
5.0 39.0
20.0 20.0
10.0 30.0
7.0 15.0
10.0 30.0
6.0 30.0
10.0 30.0
10.0 30.0
7,0 15.0
14.0 35.0
10.0 10.0
10.0 JO.O
15.0 30.0
10.0 15.0
10.0 20.0
10.0 )0.0
10.0 30.0
10.0 31.0
10.0 30.0
12.0 30.0
10.0 29.0
10.0 30.0
10.0 10.0
10.0 30.0
10,0 30.0
10.0 20. tl
10.0 20.0
10.0 10.0
7.5 )7.S
10.0 10.0
10.0 30.0
5.0 10,0
10.0 20.0
* STANDARD
SO
(0.0
(0.0
55.0
(0.0
35.0
30.0
17,0
50.0
48.5
(0.0
(2.5
115.0
(2.5
(0.0
(0.0
£0.0
(0.0
66. 0
35,0
30.0
(0.0
(0.0
(0.0
35.0
35.0
(0,0
(0.0
(0,0
(0.0
•0,0
50.0
(0,0
60.0
52.0
55.0
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51.0
(0.0
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4(,0
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(0.0
70. B
(0.0
(0.0
(0.0
60.0
ERROR,
75 90
110.0 110,0
11S.O 190.0
9S.O 1(5.0
90.0 300.0
70.0 206.0
(S.O 110.0
93.5 110.0
115.0 169.0
10S.O 115.0
110.0 110.0
105.5 220.0
210.0 210.0
102.5 1)7.0
120.0 224.0
(5,0 190,0
110.0 110.0
115.0 210.0
IS.O 97.8
(S.O 190.0
75.0 146.0
120.0 192.0
120.0 190.0
110.0 180,0
170.0 190.0
15.0 1(0.0
120,0 195.0
115,0 115.0
110.0 1*0.0
110.0 180.0
1)5.0 220.0
110.0 186.0
111.5 205.0
111.0 110.0
90.0 1(0,0
101.0 170.0
120,0 192.0
95.0 170.0
120.0 201.0
110.0 110. 0
105.0 1(5.0
110.0 114.0
115.0 170.0
127.5 190.0
110,0 110.0
101.0 140.5
190.0 340.0
110.0 110.0
120.0 1(5.0
(5.0 390.0
95 91
240.0 195.0
265.0 450. 0
220.0 100.0
450.0 450.0
210.0 955.0
130. 0 180.0
222.5 2(5.0
2(0.0 440.0
2(5.0 390.0
2)5.0 390.0
295.0 450.0
210.0 210.0
1S4.5 1(5.0
330.0 440.0
390.0 390.0
240.0 390.0
2)0.0 440.0
»7.0 97.0
390.0 390.0
115.0 240.0
270.0 450.0
270.0 450.0
235,0 300.0
390.0 390.0
206.0 245.0
210.0 295.0
255.0 450.0
290,0 555.0
2)0.0 345.0
412.0 445.0
2(0.0 445.0
245,0 390.0
2)5.0 445.0
2)5,0 395.0
2)0.0 175.0
210.0 4)0.0
220.0 355.0
2(7.5 442.5
233.0 430.0
2(5.0 395.0
240.0 412.0
3)5.0 395.0
390.0 390.0
235.0 395.0
350.5 SS5.0
390.0 390.0
240.0 412.0
220.0 240.0
390.0 190.0
HIN . MINIMUM lIlIHIlFtl) OP
99
471
(20
3S5
450
9SS
240
152
555
453
510
45)
210
1(5
440
390
471
(30
97
390
2(5
555
4(0
355
J90
352
450
510
CSS
355
(50
630
4(0
595
440
510
4(0
445
549
595
4(5
478
955
390
475
555
190
471
240
190
SIZE. MEAN . MEAN 24 -HHIIR
Hitiirrf:'; HA* « MHXIMIJH IIIMHFP
A GIVEN NUMBER Or K1NUTES,
S
I
3
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4- i-
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1
1
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1
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2«-Hour bJWlKtlv* «<*i»r at Minute. Spent traveling on » Motorcycle, Hoped, or Scooter ^ h.
. T
j PERCBHTILIS---- 1 • Ilk Jjfc.
N MtAH STOW STDIMt MIH MAX S 25 50 75 90 95 98 99 g. J
32 130.125 152.222 26.909 1 5)5 S 25.0 31.0 99.0 375.0 510 5)5 S3S «' x
29 104.276 158.122 29,400 1 SIS S 25.0 12.0 10. 0 485.0 510 535 SIS . JjjT E
1 (0.000 74. SCC 41.100 5 145 5 S.O 10.0 145.0 145.0 145 145 145 " ^*
2 42.500 53.01) 37.500 5 00 S 5.0 42.5 10.0 10.0 80 80 80 **| *3
1 180.000 . . 180 180 180 110.0 180.0 180.0 110.0 110 100 180 & &
28 103.09) 160.690 30.367 1 535 5 25.0 31.0 90.5 495.0 510 S3S 5)5 S. C
1 30.000 . . 30 30 30 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30 30 30 2 S
31 mi. SIC 154.532 27.755 1 5)5 S 25.0 30.0 116.0 375.0 510 5)5 535 W V,
1 57.000 . , 57 57 57 57.0 57.0 57.0 57.0 57 57 57
31 102.387 154.191 27,693 1 515 S 25.0 12. 0 116.0 375.0 510 535 5)5
1 10.000 . 30 10 10 30,0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30 30 30
3 B8.333 87,797 50.690 S 100 S S.O 80.0 100.0 1SO.O 180 180 1(0
2) S2.7B3 100.105 20.173 1 485 5 25. 0 30.0 57.0 142.0 145 485 485
C 249. 1C7 251.663 102.741 10 535 10 30.0 205.0 510.0 5)5.0 535 5)5 535
) 08.))) 87.797 SO. (90 5 180 5 S.O 80.0 110.0 110.0 180 180 100
) 305.000 247.5)1 142.916 30 510 30 30.0 175.0 510.0 510.0 510 510 510
IS 95.667 170. C45 44.0SO 1 5)5 1 25.0 30.0 57.0 415.0 5)5 535 535
6 45.1)3 49.540 20.224 10 14S 10 20.0 32.5 35.0 145.0 145 145 145
4 70.500 51,42) 25.712 20 142 20 37.5 CO.O 10). S 142.0 142 142 142
1 32.000 , . 12 32 32 )2.0 32.0 32.0 32 0 32 32 32
S 24.1(7 8.010 3.270 10 30 10 20.0 27.5 30.0 30.0 30 30 30
12 191.513 21C.501 £2.499 1 5)5 1 21.0 (9.5 4)0.0 510.0 5)5 535 535
( (7.1C7 CC.7C4 27.25S 5 100 S 12,0 35.0 116.0 180.0 180 180 180
0 44. (25 44.654 IS. 711 S 142 5 15.0 30.0 CO.O 142.0 142 142 142
21 71.33) 110.425 24,097 5 510 5 25.0 32.0 (5,0 14S.O 110 510 510
11 155.091 205, MS C2.071 1 535 1 20,0 30.0 375.0 4IS.O 535 535 S3S
5 124.000 2)0.011 102.1(4 S 535 5 20,0 25.0 35.0 535.0 535 5)5 5)5
12 111.1)3 153. (31 44.349 1 415 1 21.0 43.5 141. S J75.0 485 485 4(5
1 55.175 52.2(7 10.479 20 180 20 30.0 33.5 CO.O 100.0 110 180 100
7 9C.429 184.249 69.639 5 510 S S.O 30.0 00.0 510,0 510 510 510
30 85.100 1)4.107 24.499 1 510 S 25.0 30.0 (5.0 277.5 405 510 510
2 325.500 296,271 209. SOO US 5)5 IK 116.0 325 S 5)5.0 5)5.0 535 5)5 5)5
31 102.387 154.191 27, (91 1 5)5 S 25.0 12.0 116.0 375.0 510 535 535
1 10.000 . 10 30 30 30.0 30.0 30.0 30,0 30 30 30
31 101. SIC 154.5)2 27.755 1 535 S 25.0 30.0 116 0 375.0 510 5)5 S35
1 S7.000 , . 57 57 57 57.0 57.0 57. 0 57.0 57 57 57
•DK" - RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOW. *REF" - REFUSED DATA. N a DOER SAMPLE SIZE. HEIVK • MEAH 24 IIOIJB
CUMULATIVE NUMBER Of MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR . STANDARD ERROR. MIN - MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX . MAXIMUM IttlKltW
OF MINUTES. PERCENTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELCH OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
MM
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EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
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CENSUS REGION
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CENSUS RKJION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
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ANGINA
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BRONCH/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMPIIYS
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onour cooi
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3; AS I AN
4 :SOHS OTHERS '
5: HISPANIC
9: KEF
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9:REF
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2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
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5: POST GRAD.
1 1 NORTHEAST
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1: WEEKDAY
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3 i SUMMER
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0:NO
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l:YES
1:DK
for Z4-Hour CwuUtlv* KwiJtr
H HIAH
124 135.121
80 174.888
44 (2.811
1 35.000
4 79.000
8 37.875
7 IK. 857
96 153.240
8 71.500
110 140.700
8 16.125
1 40.000
I 15.000
3 216,333
1 35.000
113 1)3. (7)
9 170.000
1 15.000
1 35.000
18 79.278
79 1(8.4(8
£ 92,000
19 75. IDS
2 20.000
21 70.333
10 389.000
48 156.958
24 IK. 250
10 53.000
11 48.545
28 119.179
36 189.1*4
42 100.595
18 1)2.33)
12 114. 193
42 135.7(2
36 12(.444
29 199,791
18 87.447
21 H6.952
IK 1)3. £90
7 173.143
1 35.000
120 138.725
1 24,131
1 35.000
IK 135.612
7 HI. 286
1 35.000
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES TO* DOERS. STDEV .
OF MINUTES.
PEKCENTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS
1TDIV
235. (32
213.015
57.438
2C.470
21.002
83.071
263.424
57.817
242,807
36.314
366.947
240.595
200.709
(3. ISO
266.399
103.894
57.278
21,213
£2. (07
505.656
257.810
124.385
53.240
55.111
2)7.794
111.577
151.868
194.144
197.9(0
298.511
219.584
150.125
125. IK
213.871
238.54)
210.169
238.702
11. £50
242.7(0
8). 380
STANDARD
BELOW OR
noil)*
21. 1(0
31. (50
8. (59
13.235
9.900
31.398
26.886
20.4((
2). 151
12.819
211.857
22.633
((.903
14.885
12.222
42.415
11.140
15.000
11. £(2
159.902
37.212
25.390
16.8)6
16.617
44.939
53.096
23.414
45.807
21.8(1
16.071
3(.S97
(5.017
20,329
4£.£70
22.141
79.436
21.790
7.881
22.540
31.515
NIN
1
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EQUAL TO
of Ulnutw Sp«nt tr»v«llns In
MAX
___
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270
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95
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18 25.0 (0.0
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40 40,0 40.0
95 95. 0 95.0
29 29.0 40.0
35 35.0 35.0
5 20.0 45,0
29 41.0 105. 0
85 85.0 85.0
35 35.0 35.0
10 35.0 (5.0
5 20.0 45.0
2 5.0 55.0
10 25,0 75.0
5 5.P 20.0
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S 19.0 52.5
32 42.5 77,5
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S 21.0 48,0
32 35.0 (0.0
IS 35,0 35.0
5 25.0 (0.0
15 15.0 18,0
35 35.0 35.0
5 23.5 45.0
18 (0.0 180.0
35 35.0 35.0
STANDARD ERROR
50 75 99
107.5
139.0
90.0
35.0
100.0
SO.S
195.0
117.0
99.0
120.0
82. 0
40.0
95.0
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180.0
85.0
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95.0
114,0
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130.0
120,0
90.0
78.0
90. H
197,5
114.0
105.0
120.0
75.0
92.5
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95.0
120.0
104.0
250.0
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112.0
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101.5
195.0
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. HIM
270.0
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145.0
35.0
105,0
95,0
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(00.0
186.0
412.5
100.0
40.0
95.0
670. 0
35.0
270.0
(70.0
85.0
35.0
195.0
670.0
2SS.O
180,0
35,0
1)8.0
1117.5
(10.0
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270.0
795.0
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95 98 99
(90,0 9(0 1080
772.5 1080 1440
180.0 270 270
35.0 35 35
105.0 105 IDS
95.0 95 95
250,0 250 250
750,0 1080 1440
186.0 186 196
735.0 9(0 1090
100.0 100 100
40.0 40 40
95.0 95 95
(70.0 (70 £70
35.0 35 35
735.0 9(0 1080
(70,0 (70 (70
85.0 85 . 85
35.0 35 35
2SO.O 250 250
795.0 1080 1440
255.0 255 255
186.0 18( 186
35.0 35 35
195.0 250 250
1440.0 1440 1440
(90.0 1080 1010
270.0 (00 (00
180.0 110 180
186.0 186 IK
795.0 1080 1080
9(0.0 1440 1440
205.0 750 750
(70.0 (70 £70
(70.0 750 795
9(0.0 1440 1440
£70.0 1080 10(0
9(0.0 1440 1440
255.0 750 7SO
600,0 735 715
735.0 9(0 1060
(10.0 (10 £10
35,0 35 35
712.5 9(0 1080
40.0 40 40
35.0 IS 35
735.0 960 1080
259.0 2SO 250
35 0 35 15
. MINIMUM tiUMBEP OF MINUTES. MAX . MAXIHMH MilHnm
A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Searet! Tranf end Kltpeii, 1996.
a-, a.
i- t
-------
c §
SS. K
'i
*
i
,f
Tublt U-12*. SUtiitlct for It-How Cuut*tlv> Nurixr of Minutes Spent Ualklnf
OBOUP HAMf
OROOT CO01
ETDtV ETOIRR HIM MAX
25 50
•PEHCKHTILBS
75 90 95
91 99
3
I
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
ASK
AGE
AGE
MS
RACE
MCE
RACE
RACE
RACE
MCI
HISPANIC
HISWiHIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
|BUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAT OF MEEK
DAY or MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEAS OH
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTIIHA
ASTI1HA
ANGINA
MIC 1 HA
ANGINA
URONCH/EHPI1YS
iRONCH/EHPHYS
BRONCH/EHPHYS
IsMALE
2: FEMALE
9:RBF
1:1-4
2:5-11
112-17
lH-(4
;> 64
rtflllTE
! BLACK
iASIAH
iSOHS OTHERS
5. HISPANIC
»:REF
0:NO
liVBS
8.DK
9: REP
1:FULL TIKE
2 : PART TIME
1: ROT EHFLOYSO
9sREF
li< HIGH SCHOOL
2: BIGB SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAB.
5: POST CRAD.
1: NORTHEAST
2!HIOHBST
I: SOUTH
4:HBST
1: WEEKDAY
2. -HEBREW)
1, WINTER
2:SPRINd
3; SUMMER
4: FULL
0:NO
liYES
*:1>K
0:HO
liYES
8:DK
0:NO
1:YIS
*:DK
1CJ9 29 6718
755 32,4781
18) 27.2831
1 20,0000
16 29.526)
5* 24.1276
155 18.2129
221 25.8341
944 31.1252
221 33.8100
1289 29.5912
175 14.1114
16 26.5556
10 21.7667
88 23.0795
21 11.1905
1467 29.8718
144 26. (40 3
10 10,2000
It 15.7222
4.11 22.1680
, 561 10.9519
' 151 26.B691
482 35.S24*
12 18.4167
472 22.6717
111 42.1174
16C 29.2S9C
211 12.5111
210 29.7*67
1(5 14.5111
S07 34.9172
121 29.2710
42} 24.9976
351 21.244*
1112 29.2902
457 30.6586
412 32.1034
459 21.1540
475 26.6084
291 12.2184
1504 29.6011
llfl 29.7417
IS 36.2000
1S7I 29.5076
44 29.0000
17 46.647V
1551 29.7)71
67 26.9851
19 15.4211
41.6170
41.2611
14.1259
23.7416
26.3266
21.0263
32. 1751
44.9705
49.1278
43.6801
19.7274
24.6515
21.2192
21.105*
32.9555
41.0286
48.7064
28.8359
14,7147
21.0141
4J.7714
17.1211
49.4109
11.4601
27.6175
71.9429
41.5C18
19.10(1
11.8110
44.6107
45,2549
46.8743
37 6654
15.0290
19.1911
47.3511
47.7062
41.5400
31.3250
46.6936
41,9*19
38.3151
27.8162
41.471*
1C. 0(11
63.1456
42.1021
11.1774
31.3658
1.0281!
1.7564
1.1730
3.8514
1.4569
1.6189
2.1680
1.4617
1.11(1
1,2166
3.0031
4,1089
1.8741
2,2499
7.1915
1.0712
4.0589
9.1167
8.1988
1.1494
1.14*1
1.0012
2. 2506
1.8856
1.2721
6.12<2
2.1725
2.1161
2.6714
1.4729
2.00*8
2.6161
1.8314
.7781
,11»9
.2150
.1501
.9119
.4171
.7279
.0821
.5004
.1821
.0440
5.4)67
15.1151
1.0684
l.(944
7.1958
1
1
1
20
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
8
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
5
1
1
1
540
540
160
20
100
160
170
190
410
540
540
250
100
60
100
150
410
540
80
ISO
190
16S
295
540
SS
190
540
410
295
100
1(0
165
S40
410
2 IS
540
410
1(5
540
270
410
540
250
90
540
150
270
540
165
110
2 6.0 16
2 7.0 20
2 6.0 15
20 20.0 20
2 10.0 25
2 10.0 IS
0 19.0
0 40.0
.0 35.0
.0 20.0
0 40.0
0 15.0
1 5.0 10.0 25.0
2 6.0 15
2 6.0 IB
2 10.0 20
2 (.0 IS
2 10.0 20
1 10.0 28
1 6.0 17
2 5. 5 IS
8 15.0 20
2 6.0 16
2 5.5 IS
2 10.0 17
* 15.0 25
2 5.0 11
2 7,0 16
2 5.0 15
2 10.0 20
5 10.0 1C
2 5.0 11
1 7.0 20
2 S.O 1*
2 9.5 20
2 1.0 18
2 10.0 20
2 10.0 20
2 S.O IS
0 10.0
5 40.0
.0 45. 0
0 15.0
0 56.0
0 10.0
0 41,0
0 17.0
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0 40,0
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5 S5.0
0 55.0
0 10.0
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0 15.0
0 50.0
5 20.0
0 10.0
0 50.0
0 15.0
0 45.0
5 40.0
0 45.0
0 45.0
0 11,0
2 S.O 10.0 10.0
2 B.O IS
2 7.0 18
2 S.O IS
2 6.0 20
2 6.0 16
2 6.0 IS
•2 8.0 20
2 6.0 1C
2 ' S.O 15
5 10.0 10
2 (.0 1C
4 6,0 14
5 10.0 10
2 G.O 16
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1 10.0 10
0 40.0
0 40.0
0 15.0
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0 18,0
5 16.0
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0 (0.0
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70.0 100.0
60.0 94.0
20.0 20,0
60.0 80.0
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70.0 110.0
71.0 JS.O
65.0 100. 0
75.0 125.0
(0.0 79.0
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65.0 65.0
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60.0 70.0
77.5 80,0
65. 0 1SO.O
55.0 65,0
70.0 100.0
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75.0 120.0
10.0 55.0
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115.0 145.0
65.0 100.0
75.0 100.0
60 . 0 90 . 0
80.0 95.0
75.0 107.0
(0,0 105.0
60.0 10,0
CO.O 90.0
65.0 92.0
60.0 120.0
75.0 120.0
60.0 90.0
60.0 85.0
(1.0 105. 0
(S.O 95.0
70.0 117.5
75.0 90.0
(5.0 95.0
60.0 115.0
90,0 270.0
65.0 95.0
60 0 90.0
90,0 110.0
151
170
140
20
100
70
6S
115
171
155
1(0
1(0
100
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92
150
155
100
80
ISO
111
180
115
ISO
55
110
160
ISO
160
140
110
170
160
135
140
145
171
180
146
121
155
152
US
90
151
150
270
151
110
110
190
270
171
20
100
160
100
151
250
180
225
194
100
(0
100
150
!9<
1)5
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151
250
1(5
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55
151
365
240
180
225
200
250
180
171
180
180
200
250
1(0
1(0
295
190
ISO
90
190
150
270
194
16S
110
VOTE: A "." SIONIFIES HISSIMG DAl'A. "OK" • RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KHOH" . "REF" « REFUSER DATA. II • DOfR SAMI'LB SIZE. HF.MI • MEWI 21 IMHP
lctmUIATI»E MUHBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV . STANDARD OEVIATIOH STERB . STANDARD BRROR. HIM . MINIMUM (IlIHfiKR OF HIHUTE!!. MAX . MAXIMUM IlljnllfiP
OF HINUtES. PERCENT I US ARK PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A f.IVKH (JIIMOEB OF HIHUTES.
tourct: Ttani and Kltptll, 19«.
i
I
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
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m m STAHDMO ERROR. HIM > HIHIHUM NUMBER OF MINUTES MAX • MAXIMUM ril.'HhKB
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Sourct: Tnm «nd KlifMi«, t99i.
Page Exposure Factors Handbook
14-136 August 1996
-------
V feu
Exposure Factors Ha
August 1996
I
•Iv
li* §*
sj^
Tibia K-1K. ftatlctic* for
CROUP NAME BROW COOS
ALL
GENDER 1:KALE
GENDER 2 ; FEMALE
AGE
AGE 1:1 4
AGE 2:5-11
AGE 3:12-17
AGE 4:18-64
AGE 5:> 64
RACE 1. WHITE
RACE 2 1 BLACK
RACE 3: ASIAN
RACE 4: SONS OTHERS
RACE 5:IIISPANIC
RACE 9:REF
HISPANIC 0:NO
HISPANIC 1:YES
HISPANIC 9:REF
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT 1:FULL TIME
EMPLOYMENT 2: PART TIME
EMPLOYMENT 3: NOT EMPLOYED
EMPLOYMENT 9iRBF
EDUCATION
EDUCATION lx HIGH SCHOOL
EDUCATION 2: HIGH SCHOOL ORAO
EDUCATION ):< COLLEGE
EDUCATION 4: COLLEGE GRAD.
EDUCATION 5: POST GRAD.
CENSUS REGION 1: NORTHEAST
CENSUS REGION 2:MIDHEST
CENSUS REGION 3: SOUTH
CENSUS REGION 4iHEST
DAY OF NEEK 1: WEEKDAY
DAY OF MEEK 2:NEBKBND
SEASON 1 s WINTER
SEASON 2: SPRING
SEASON 1; SUMMER
SEASON 4: FALL
ASTHMA 0:NO
ASTHMA l.-YES
ASTHMA 1:DK
ANGINA 0:NO
ANGINA 8:DK
BROHCH/EMPHYS 0;NO
BRONCII/EMIWS 1;YES
DRONCII/EHPIIYS B:DK
J4-MOUT cuwlitlt* Iu*er
M M8AK
115 45.1217
82 43.2071
11 49.8788
2 15.0000
2 20.0000
IB 40.2778
13 31.9697
51 53.22(4
7 74,0000
91 46.7245
7 41.1429
2 6.0000
4 47.5000
3 13.3331
1 20.0000
106 45.1(79
S 18.1750
1 20.0000
52 33.8162
27 56.1519
7 40.1571
27 55.4815
2 55.0000
56 31.1929
3 98.3333
18 41.5556
11 42.9444
11 89.1112
9 57.2222
20 42.0500
24 39.12SO
26 (4. (923
45 31.3778
13 44.5713
32 4C.S313
20 38.6000
46 34.7826
14 61.7059
IS 47.9333
95 41.53(8
11 29.1311
2 25,0000
114 45,1421
1 20.0000
109 45.1214
5 50.0000
1 20.0000
8TDBV
51.150
56.113
46.221
7.071
14.142
52,985
27.929
62.916
(7.215
56 914
21.717
1.414
21.629
25.166
55.172
21.123
J1.2S1
76.8(1
24.761
54.251
49.497
36.945
77.835
49.041
15.049
111.301
18,415
35,057
47,505
87,010
12.614
56.020
46.508
44.951
35.036
72.243
55.663
57.246
24.220
7.071
S3. 533
53.909
49. (24
STDIRX
4.9749
(.19(6
8.0472
5,0000
10.0000
12.4186
4.8611
8.6422
2S.4151
5.7492
8.2156
1.0000
11.8145
14.5297
5.3537
8.2461
5.1054
14.7921
9.3616
10.4420
15.0000
4.9170
44.9112
11.5606
1.2610
13.5(05
12.1049
7.8190
9.696*
17,0611
4,1619
6,1490
8.2215
10.0511
S.1657
12.3896
14.3721
5.1731
5.70B6
5.0000
5.0131
5.1(36
22.1923
NOTE.- A ".• SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "OK- . RESPOHDSNT REPLIED "
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV .
OF MINUTES. PERCENT I LES ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS
Source Ttang mi Kltpttt,
1W*.
STANDARD
8ELOH OR
of Ktnute*
1
KIN MAX
1 400
1 400
5 205
10 20
10 30
1 195
2 115
5 400
23 205
1 400
5 65
5 7
30 10
10 60
20 20
1 400
10 10
20 20
1 195
S 400
10 90
5 .205
20 90
1 195
25 180
5 205
S 120
15 400
5 110
S 102
2 110
1 400
5 151
5 400
1 195
1 205
5 19S
2 400
2 180
1 400
S 90
20 30
1 400
20 20
1 400
S 115
20 20
DON'T KNOW".
DEVIATION. STERR •
Spent Travel ing en
a tlcycle/Skata
»» •»»„
5 25 SO 75 90 95
S.O 11.0 30.0 60.0
S.O 10.0 27. S 50.0
S.O 15.0 45.0 60.0
10.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
10.0 10,0 20.0 30,0
1.0 10,0 15.0 55. 0
5.0 10,0 25,0 45,0
5.0 20.0 10.0 65.0
21.0 25.0 35.0 110.0
5.0 11.0 10.0 60.0
5.0 25.0 50.0 60,0
S.O S.O 6.0 7.0
10.0 30,0 40.0 65.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 (0.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20,0
S.O 10.0 10.0 SO. 8
10.0 21, S 10.0 55. 0
20.0 20,0 20.0 20.0
2.0 10.0 20.0 47.5
S.O 15.0 10.0 60.0
10.0 30.0 1S.O 46.0
S.O 20.0 30.0 90.0
20.0 20.0 SS.O 90.0
2.0 10.0 20.0 45.0
25.0 25.0 90.0 180.0
S.O 1S.O 10.0 46.0
S.O 20.0 30.0 (0.0
15.0 2S.O 51,0 90.0
S.O 20.0 60.0 90.0
5,0 10.0 12. S 77. S
S.O 10.0 18.5 57.5
2.0 15.0 12.5 75.0
S.O 18.0 10.0 50.0
5.0 15.0 10.0 (0.0
2.0 10,0 12.5 75.0
3.5 12.5 27.5 47. S
S.O 10.0 22.5 46.0
S.O 20.0 42.5 90.0
2.0 10.0 20.0 75.0
S.O 15.0 10.0 60.0
5.0 7.0 12.5 40.0
20.0 20:0 25.0 10.0
5.0 11.0 10.0 60.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
S.O 15.0 10.0 (0,0
S.O 10,0 30.0 90.0
20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
102 151.0
90 120.0
105 16S.O
20 20.0
10 30.0
151 195.0
65 102.0
105 165.0
205 20S.O
110 165.0
65 65.0
7 7.0
to 10.0
60 (0.0
20 20.0
10S 151.0
10 80.0
20 20.0
65 115.0
115 120.0
90 90.0
165 180.0
90 90.0
(S 115.0
180 180.0
100 205.0
115 120,0
165 400.0
110 110.0
95 101.0
90 165.0
195 20S.O
10 115.0
90 151.0
110 120.0
75 147.5
80 90.0
115 165. 0
151 180.0
110 1(5.0
60 90.0
30 30,0
102 151.0
20 20,0
102 151.0
115 115.0
20 20.0
91
195
195
20S
20
10
195
115
180
205
205
6S
7
eo
60
20
195
80
20
151
400
90
205
90
1S1
110
205
120
400
110
102
180
400
151
205
195
205
195
400
180
205
90
10
195
20
195
IIS
20
Board/Roller skata
- . 1
1
99
20S
400
20S
20
10
195
115
400
205
400
65
7
80
to
20
205
80
20
195
400
'90
205
90
195
180
205
120
400
110
102
110
400
1S1
400
1*5
20S
195
400
110
400
90
10
205
20
205
US
20
"REF" • REFUSED DATA. N . DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN • HEN! 24 IKlilK
STANDARD ERROR, KIN
. MIHIMI1M
NUMBER
OF HINIITEB, MAX « MAKIHtlN HIlMllMf
EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES,
n
hapter 14 - Activity I
7actors
&
>1
(?
\^
"^
TO
S
>
%.
s.
S-
?actors
AL
'
-------
Q
§
O
en
2
**3
4
^ i
il
Tlbl* H-
aitour uutf
(M.I.
UENOER
GEIII1ER
AGE
W;E
AliK
AI:K
M!E
AUE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF MEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANQIHA
HdflNrWRNPIIYS
IIKONCH/EMMIYS
nt. statlitfcs fer
CKOUf CODE
ItHALE
2 i FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
1112-17
4U9-C4
S:» 64
liNHITE
2 1 BUCK
I: ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
S;HISPAH1C
9:REF
OtHO
1:YES
a:DK
9:RKF
1:FULL TIME
2 i PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
1:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE CRAD.
SsPOST GRAD,
1:NORTHBAST
2:MIDHEST
3 : SOOTH
4: NEST
1 :HEEKDAY
2 : WEEKEND
1 iHINTER
2:SPRIHO
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:KO
llKS
0:NO
0:HO
1:«ES
24-Hour CuKiUtlv*
H KUM STDtV
151 11.7020 IB. 7511
(1 K.3443 17.9934
90 20.1000 19,1111
2 21,0000 S.6S(9
2 8,0000 9.9995
12 12.5000 10.7213
50 11.7100 11.4843
54 25,5000 25, (ICO
11 27.2727 11,4940
115 18,2522 17.9501
21 17.4742 11.9901
1 10.0000 S.OOOO
1 15.0000
10 29.1000 35.8117
1 IS. 0000
IK 18.0356 17.1036
11 25.2108 32.4427
1 20,0000
1 15.0000
79 11,1(46 11.1707
31 24.9155 24.8125
IS 31.6667 11.5179
26 20. (154 12.70(1
87 12.9110 10.9721
6 12.5000 11.72(0
25 21.SCOO 24.5749
9 28.1111 19.2029
16 11.8125 31.1219
8 14.8750 8.1741
61 20.4921 21.4300
27 17.4074 13.1244
19 19.8205 16.6S84
22 13.1118 11.34S8
128 17.7191 18.965C
23 23.7926 17.002C
SS 19,9273 15.5651
41 17.18(0 20. (574
28 24.0000 25.4675
25 12.6800 9.8815
119 18,7(98 18,7781
10 20,0000 20.5372
2 1.5000 3.5355
151 18.7020 18.7511
145 18. (552 18.9(90
6 19.8131 11.5561
««*,
•TDttX
1,52(0
2.3019
2.0219
4,0000
7.0000
1,89(5
1.6241
3.4BS9
4.0656
1.6739
2.61(4
2.18(1
11.1253
1.4666
8,9980
.2793
.45(5
.1379
.4919
.17(1
.7871
4.9150
6.4010
7.7910
2.9(07
2.9S19
2.S2S8
2.6(91
2.41*9
1.6763
3.5453
2,0994
1.1502
4.8129
1.9761
1.5928
(.4944
2.5000
1.52(0
1,5751
5.5342
or
Nlnutn
1
HIN KAX
_
1
1
17
1
2
I
1
S
I
I
5
IS
5
15
1
1
20
IS
1
1
S
S
1
IS
s
10.
s
1
1
3
4
1
1
5
1
1
5
1
1
4
S
1
1
9
129
120
131
25
IS
45
75
128
45
128
45
IS
IS
120
15
128
120
20
IS
75
128
120
45
75
45
120 .
60
128
30
128
60
75
4S
128
65
75
120
128
45
128
(S
10
126
128
4S
Sptnt Wtlllm it *
•m, Trttn,
........... PIRCrXTIi.18--- — .
5 25 SO 75 90 9S 91
4 7,0 15.0 20,0 40.0
4 S.O 11.0 20.0 10.0
4 10.0 IS.O 30.0 42.5
11 17.0 21,0 25.0 25.0
1 1.0 1.0 15.0 15.0
2 S.O 10.0 15.0 20.0
3 S.O 10.0 20.0 23.0
S 10.0 15.0 10.0 CO.O
S 20.0 30.0 40.0 45.0
4 S.O 15.0 22.0 40.0
I 10.0 15,0 23.0 15.0
S S.O 10,0 15.0 15.0
IS IS.O 15,0 15.0 15.0
S 10.0 16.5 20.0 92.5
IS IS.O 15.0 15.0 IS.O
4 (.0 15.0 22.5 40.0
1 10.0 15.0 20.0 (S.O
20 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
IS IS.O 15.0 15,0 15.0
2 5,0 10.0 15.0 21.0
5 10.0 15.0 10.0 45.0
S 10.0 17.0 45.0 67.0
S 10.0 20,0 30.0 40.0
1 S.O 10.0 IS. 0 21.0
IS 25,0 12.5 45.0 45.0
S 10.0 15.0 10,0 45.0
10 10.0 20.0 45.0 60.0
S 10.0 10.0 17. S (S.O
1 10.5 15.0 18.5 10.0
3 (.0 IS.O 22.0 40.0
4 5.0 15.0 20.0 IS.O
5 10.0 15.0 2B.O 45.0
1 S.O 10.0 15.0 30.0
3 S.S 15.0 20.0 35.0
S 10.0 20.0 35.0 45.0
2 10.0 15.0 25.0 41.0
4 S.O 10.0 20.0 31.0
S 10.0 IS.O 12. S 45.0
4 S.O 10.0 15.0 20.0
3 10.0 15.0 20.0 40,0
4 S.O 12.0 30.0 S5.0
5 S.O 7.S 10.0 10.0
4 7.0 15.0 20.0 40.0
4 (.0 15.0 20.0 40.0
9 10.0 16,0 21.0 45.0
NOTK: A "." SltiNIFIES MISiSINSS DATA. "UK" « RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOW", "RBF" » REFUSBU DATA,
CUMULATIVE NUMI3EK OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STOEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STKRR • STANDARD ERROR. HIN .
OF HIHUTES. PERCENTILES USE PERCENTAOE OF DOERS BBLOH OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
45 S7.B
45 CS.O
(0 7S.O
25 25.0
IS 15.0
43 45.0
10 52.5
67 120.0
45 45.0
45 (7.0
40 45. 0
IS 15.0
15 IS.O
120 120,0
IS 15.0
45 67.0
120 120.0
20 20.0
IS IS.O
IS 4S.O
65 128.0
120 120.0
45 45.0
10 45.0
45 4S.O
67 120.0
(0 CO.O
128 129.0
30 10.0
(S 120.0
IS (0.0
65 75.0
10 45.0
45 75. 0
(0 (S.O
(0 (5.0
45 120.0
(7 129.0
IS 45.0
45 75, 0
65 (S.O
10 10.0
45 67.0
45 75. 0
45 45.0
•te. step
1
99
120
120
128
25
IS
45
75
128
45
75
45
IS
15
120
IS
75
120
20
IS
75
128
120
45
75
45
120
(0
128
10
129
60
75
45
120
«s
75
120
128
45
120
(S
10
120
120
4S
N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN • MEAN 24 -HOUR
MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX . MAXIMUM NUMBER
Source: Tiang UK) Kltjwli, 1996.
O
1
*-*
L
1
1
a
y
^
e*
i
sa
t:
1
i
!
a
-------
J^ (%1
c J*t
^"§
I s
*» 52
^O
^O ^H
^ ft
a
g
SI
tr<
|*»
§
?r
Kl
"^ "tJ
SI
IMt 14-
CKOUP HAHS
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACK
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
pUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF MEEK
DAY OF KEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
JWlHNA
ANGINA
8RONCH/EHPIIYS
itROMCK/emiivs
UHOHCII/KMI'IIYS
m. sutiitto
OROUP CODg
It MALE
2; FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5 > 64
1:HH1TE
2: BLACK
. 3: ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
5: HISPANIC
9;REF
0:NO
1:YES
«:DK
9;RSF
It FULL TIME
2: PAST TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
1:« HIGH SCHOOL
for 2*-Hour Cunulitlvt
H
116
62
54
8
2
1
2
92
9
64
26
4
16
3
19
22
2
1
7
76
10
21
2
10
6
3: HIGH SCHOOL GRAO 10
3i< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
S:POST GRAO.
I: NORTHEAST
2 :M1DHEST
1: SOUTH
4:NEST
1 : WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1: WINTER
2: SPRING
3; SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1;YES
6 DK
0:MO
8:DK
0:NO
1;YES
8:DK
26
24
20
72
14
15
IS
96
20
26
29
17
24
106
7
1
112
4
112
1
1
MEAN STDSV
91.767 116.146
91.611 119.437
104.811 154,349
191.875 256.820
92.SOO 38.891
166.667 271,401
100.000 56.569
84.967 106. 511
121.667 219.511
89.SOO 119.691
111.1(5 168.156
79.667 17.039
71.250 47.675
88.625 98.922
(5.000 56.147
101.2(1 149.6(7
96.955 85.561
79.500 14.648
85.000 56.147
126.429 161.598
98.526 128.056
61.700 46.175
101.714 186.201
107.500 121,744
122.000 140.024
181.811 111.760
89.41) 109.191
12S.692 189.640
66.500 SO. 112
74.150 59.415
111.847 114.554
64.214 109.481
75.711 121.119
81.511 179.444
101.604 127.1(9
79. ISO 176.641
118,192 196.127
77.276 89.479
106.081 140.715
65.917 82.217
94.151 122.165
146.571 294.036
111.667 87.797
96.527 1)7.946
112.500 82.916
98.179 118.009
10,000
111.667 87.797
Nuiixr
STDBRH
IJ. 659
15.165
21.004
90.800
27.500
156.691
40.000
11.107
71.177
17.461
11.017
9.818
23.838
24.731
12.512
IS. (67
13.242
24.500
12.512
61. (14
14.689
14.665
40,612
87.500
44.279
127.275
19.915
17.192
10.274
13.2(6
15,857
29,261
11.278
46.112
12.981
J9.499
38.503
16.616
21.117
16,7(2
11,914
111.115
50. 690
13.035
41.458
11,041
50.690
Of
MIN
1
5
1
20
65
5
60
1
10
1
5
60
10
S
20
1
5
55
20
5
1
5
1
20
S
1
1
10
S
10
10
2
1
5
1
2
5
2
5
1
1
1
20
1
20
1
Itt
20
NOTE.- A ".- SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "OK" . RESPONDENT REPLIED 'DON'T
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR
DOERS,
OF MINUTES, PERCEHTILES ARE PERCENTAGE
Source T»ng tnd Klttxl*,
19M.
STDEV . STANDARD
OF DOERS BELOM OR
DEVIATION
EQUAL TO
NlnMte*
I
MAX
(10
720
(10
810
120
4(0
140
720
690
720
aio
90
140
415
120
810
415
104
120
4(0
720
160
(10
195
480
(10
480
720
110
240
810
180
480
720
720
(10
810
.480
690
ISO
720
(10
195
810
195
810
10
195
KNOW",
. STERR •
Spent Traveling on a Tr»ln/Sub««y/I(tpld transit
--• PERCEHTILES
5 25 SO 75 90 95
S.O 27,5 60,0 120.0 1(9.0 415.0
10.0 24.0 60.0 120.0 190.0 240.0
2,0 10,0 60.0 120.0 195.0 480.0
20,0 55.0 117.5 180.0 (10.0 810.0
65.0 65.0 92.5 120.0 120.0 120.0
5.0 5,0 15,0 480.0 410.0 480.0
60,0 60.0 100,0 140.0 140.0 140.0
S.O 10. 0 60.0 104.5 175.0 240.0
10.0 10.0 24.0 120.0 690.0 690.0
5.0 22.0 5S.O 74.0 195.0 180.0
10.0 1S.O 117.5 135.0 195.0 480.0
60,0 60.0 (9.0 90.0 90.0 90.0
30.0 42.5 57.5 100.0 140,0 140.0
5.0 20.0 70.0 112.5 165,0 415. 0
20,0 20.0 115.0 120.0 120.0 120.0
S.O 25.0 60.0 120.0 195.0 4(0.0
10,0 40.0 70,0 120.0 130.0 16S.O
55.0 55,0 79.5 104.0 104.0 104.0
20,0 20.0 115.0 120.0 120.0 120.0
5.0 15.0 65.0 140.0 4(0.0 4(0.0
S.O 10.0 60.0 120.0 189.0 3(0,0
5.0 15.0 57. S (9.0 125.0 160.0
10.0 10.0 55.0 90.0 165.0 415.0
20.0 2B.O 107,5 195,0 195.0 19S.O
5,0 20.0 92.5 140,0 117. S 410.0
1.0 5.0 70.0 115.0 (10.0 810.0
2.0 10.0 60.0 120.0 177. S 415.0
10.0 20.0 60.0 120.0 1(0.0 690.0
10.0 24.5 55,0 102.5 125, 0 175.0
12.5 30.0 60.0 97.0 164. S 214.5
20.0 49.0 62,5 122, S 1(9.0 41S.O
2,0 10,0 22,5 50.0 240.0 1(0.0
1,0 10.0 10.0 90.0 160.0 480.0
5,0 10,0 10.0 75,0 120.0 720.0
10,0 10.0 60.0 120.0 195.0 415.0
1,5 7.5 12.5 60.0 120 0 465.0
10.0 10.0 79.5 110.0 240.0 720.0
5.0 25.0 60.0 105.0 115,0 175.0
10,0 10.0 60.0 120.0 195.0 4(0.0
1,0 15.0 42.5 (2.5 160.0 1(0.0
5.0 10.0 60.0 120.0 180.0 180.0
1,0 10.0 10.0 90.0 810.0 (10.0
20.0 20.0 120.0 195.0 195.0 195.0
5.0 27.5 60.0 117.5 175.0 415.0
20.0 70.0 157.5 195.0 195.0 195.0
S.O 30.0 60.0 120.0 180.0 415,0
10.0 10,0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
20.0 20.0 120.0 195.0 195.0 195.0
"REF" . REFUSED DATA. N - DOER
98
690
480
690
810
120
480
140
480
690
690
(10
• 90
140
415
120
720
415
104
120
4(0
690
160
(10
195
480
(id
480
720
180
240
690
1(0
480
720
690
810
(10
4(0
690
180
480
(10
195
690
19S
690
10
195
SAMPLE
"I
99
720
720
810
810
120
480
140
720
690
720
810
90
140
415
120
(10
415
104
120
480
720
160
(10
195
480
810
4(0
720
1(0
240
(10
180
480
720
720
810
810
480
690
380
690
810
195
720
195
7ZO
10
195
SIZE. MEAIi • MEAN 24 HOW
STANDARD ERROR. HIM - MINIMUM HUMBW OF HIIHJ7ES MM « MAXIMUM MKWfB
A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES,
o <
** S.
1 1
"^ fft
^•4 ?***
rv T"1*
"**, *»•*
1 1
^ ^
£^ *"i
w. w.
<>" *>
"3" , *5
"n *n
S? 5?
O ("i
Q O
a a
f~\
afeL&L.
*^?^m.
O^
-------
i^
ft
ig
g
en
S
TO
§'
^
Ilk 3
SO ft
M tj
sa |
V5 ft
S.
Ttblt
CPOUf MANI
ALL
GENDER
GEIIDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
ACI
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
KHI'UmiKHT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
tENSUS REGION
CAY OF WEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
HKONC1I/EMMIYS
BRONCH/EHPHYS
H-ltt. ftlttltlct
mow coot
llHALE
2sFEHALS
3sl2-17
4:18-<4
S:» 64
1: UN ITS
2: BLACK
3 1 ASIAN
SsHISPANIC
0:NO
llYES
1:FULL TINS
2: PART TIMB
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9;REF
l!< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIOH SCHOOL ORAD
3:« COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
SsPOST GRAD.
It NORTHEAST
2:MIDHEST
1: SOUTH
4:HE5T
IsHEEKDAY
2fHEEKEND
liHINTER
2: SPRING
1 : SUMMER
4: FALL
0-HO
1:YES
O-.HO
IsYES
0;NO
l.-YES
for 24-Hour Cwulltlvt iu*tr
H HIAH
SJ 1)4,000
1) 841.250
25 225.8)0
3 175.000
3 113.3)1
42 226,42)
5 405.400
44 141.06)
7 191,2)6
1 (0.000
1 340.000
51 234.745
1 215.000
3 113.331
31 212,424
1 510.000
13 259.385
1 150.000
4 122.500
4 111.250
9 251.8)9
11 291.846
IS 194.800
t 105.000
17 254.706
17 235.119
9 212.778
10 216.000
17 258,919
16 176.375
17 216.294
14 191.786
17 210.882
S 413.000
51 224.843
2 467.500
51 213.725
2 241.000
51 2)1.608
2 295.000
HOTS; A «.' SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. -OK' « RES
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV .
OF MINUTES. PERCENTILES ME PERCENTAGE OF DOERS
mtv
203,736
230. »7»
171.581
145.618
11). SO
191.962
292.192
215.555
114.164
206.224
176.777
119.568
194.008
175.899
168.1)7
98.531
179.647
191.046
170.764
111.998
175.129
114.810
214.34)
103. S6S
111.702
192.755
222. 825
172.818
160.547
212.171
294.398
201.484
121.744
207.562
(5.054
206.700
120.208
STANDARD
BELOW OR
•TOM*
27.915
41.651
14.516
)4.111
(8.4SS
29.929
130.762
12.496
50.7)5
28.877
12S.OOO
68.455
11.771
217.025
46.702
49.265
89.823
61.682
47.167
29.414
112.62)
56.950
56.819
14.512
S7.4SJ
11.689
SS.706
41.914
42.90)
S3.8B4
131.659
28.213
87.500
29.064
46.000
21.944
8S.OOO
HIM
~10~
15
10
15
IS
10
195
10
15
CO
340
10
90
IS
15
ISO
10
150
IS
10
IS
20
45
20
15
IS
IS
10
15
10
20
15
10
ieo
10
180
10
19S
10
210
of Klnutt* Iptnt fnwUnf en
MM
900
900
660
100
24S
900
900
900
435
CO
140
900
140
24S
900
900
660
ISO
24S
1)0
660
SSS
4)0
900
900
900
140
SSS
900
900
660
SSS
900
900
900
SSS
900
287
900
110
DEVIATION. STERR
EQUAL TO
S 2S 50 75 SO
IS 70.0 210.0 100.0 4)0.0
20 (S.O 210.0 291. S SSS.O
IS 110,0 210,0 100.0 460.0
IS 1S.O 210.0 100.0 100.0
IS 15.0 80.0 145.0 145.0
20 60.0 202, S 100.0 4)0.0
195 210.0 2(7.0 435.0 900,0
IS 65.0 210.0 300 0 510.0
IS 110.0 210.0 1S5.0 415.0
60 60.0 60,0 60.0 60.0
340 140.0 140.0 140,0 140.0
IS 60.0 210.0 100.0 480.0
90 90.0 215. 0 140.0 340.0
IS 15.0 80.0 245.0 24S.O
20 (0.0 180.0 215.0 480.0
ISO ISO. 0 480.0 900.0 900,0
10 195.0 225. 0 300.0 435.0
ISO 1SO.O 150.0 150.0 1SO.O
IS 47.5 115.0 197.5 245.0
10 12.5 27.5 210.0 1*0.0
IS 195.0 270.0 28S.O 6(0. 0
20 180.0 100.0 41S.O 510.0
45 90.0 210.0 2SS.O 2)7.0
20 45.0 137.5 577.5 900.0
IS 70.0 24S.O 3)0.0 510.0
15 60.0 195,0 2)7.0 6(0,0
15 150.0 255.0 270.0 140.0
10 45.0 202.5 240.0 S17.S
IS ISO.O 210.0 105.0 510. 0
10 17. S 9S.O 262.5 160.0
20 60.0 110.0 275.0 4)0.0
IS 90.0 150.0 210.0 435.0
10 60.0 245. 0 100.0 480.0
180 240.0 285.0 510.0 900.0
IS 60.0 210.0 2)7.0 4)0.0
180 380.0 467. S SSS.O SSS.O
IS (0.0 210.0 300.0 4)0.0
195 195.0 241.0 2)7.0 2)7.0
IS 60.0 210.0 100.0 4(0.0
210 210.0 195.0 110.0 180.0
•n Al
95
(60
900
510
100
245
SSS
900
660
415
(0
340
660
340
245
SSS
900
6(0
150
245
310
(60
SSS
480
900
900
900
140
SSS
6(0
900
660
SSS
900
900
660
SSS
660
1)7
(60
1)0
rpl*m
98
900
900
660
100
245
900
900
900
415
60
140
900
140
24S
900
900
660
150
245
380
(60
SSS
480
900
900
900
140
SSS
900
900
660
SSS
900
900
900
SSS
900
187
900
180
- STANDARD ERROR. MIN - MINIMUM NUMBER
99
900
900
660
300
245
900
900
900
435
CO
340
900
140
245
900
900
(60
150
245
380
660
SSS
480
900
900
900
140
SSS
900
900
£60
SSS
900
900
900
SSS
900
287
900
180
OF MINUTES. MAX - H/OTIK1M NUMBER
A OIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Source: Tung md Iltptfi, 1996.
S
I
-I
>•«*
•IX
&.
5s
***,
c
3
a*.
S.
$?
-------
^
c
1
Ki
NO
JO
^
4V
I*
fc»t
•4\
1
i
5
2?
PS
1
a
*n
jjj
o
a
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o
o
w*
^j
&
T.bl. 14-
GROUP HA*£
ALL
SEHUEK
GENDER
SENDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
ARE
AHE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
MCE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EnUCATU»
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAT OF NEEK
DAY OF NEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
liKOHril/WU'ilY.'i
HRONtll/tMI'lIVS
BROOCH/EMPHYS
129. ttitlitio
GROUP CODE
1-MAI.E
2: FEMALE
9.REF
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:19-(4
5:» <4
1: WHITE
2s BLACK
I; ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
5: HISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
liYES
8:DK
9:REF
1:FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
3. -NOT EMPW3YE0
9:REF
1 : < HIGH SCHOOL
for Zi-Hour Cunulitlve Kiafcir of NlimiM Spent Indoor« In « leildcnce (Alt Kooms)
N MBAN STDEV STDERR HIM MAX S 25 SO 75 90 95 98 99
9)43 1001.19 275.143 2.8465 8 1440 575 0 795.0 995,0 1235. 0 1395 1440,0 1440 1440
42(9 945.90 273.498 4. 1959 8 1440 540.0 750.0 900.0 1160.0 1)50 14)0.0 1440 1440
5070 1048.07 2(7.864 3.7619 30 1440 (20.0 840.0 1050.0 1280.0 1420 1440.0 1440 1440
4 1060.00 1)5,647 67 8231 900 1200 900,0 950.0 1070,0 1170.0 1200 1200.0 1200 1200
187 1001.07 279.166 20.4(51 265 1440 565.0 799.0 955. 8 1230.0 1440 1440.0 1440 1440
498 1211.64 218.745 9.8022 270 1440 795.0 1065.0 12(0.0 1410.0 1440 1440.0 1440 1440
700 1005.13 222.335 8,40)$ 190 1440 686.0 845.0 975.0 1165.0 13)4 1412.5 1440 1440
538 9(9.50 241.776 9.9707 95 1440 585.0 811. S 950,0 1155.0 1310 1405.0 1440 1440
(022 947.91 273,033 3.5184 8 1440 540.0 750.0 900.0 1165.0 1350 1428.0 1440 1440
1348 1174.64 229.344 6.2466 60 1440 760.0 1030.0 1210.0 1)75,0 1440 1440,0 1440 1440
7556 999.36 275.678 3.1714 8 1440 570.0 795.0 980.0 1235.0 1395 1440.0 1440 1440
941 1015.95 272.540 9.8845 190 1440 600.0 815.0 1000,0 1245.0 1410 1440,0 1440 1440
157 913.52 254.619 20.32(4 30 1440 600.0 810.0 930.0 1180.0 1155 1420.0 1440 1440
191 996.09 2(9.213 19,9413 10 1440 (04.0 805.0 975.0 1198.0 1380 1440.0 1440 1440
362 1009.40 281,750 14.4156 55 1440 555 0 81C.O 1004,5 12SO.O 1410 1440.0 1440 1440
126 1019.69 276.571 24.6396 270 1440 575.0 840.0 97S.O 12SS.O 1440 1440.0 1440 1440
9498 1000.38 275.436 2.9879 8 1440 575.0 795.0 990.0 1235.0 1395 1440.0 1440 1440
696 1009.14 270.116 10.2(5) 55 1440 S1S.O 810 0 1000.0 12)0.0 140S 1440.0 1440 1440
46 1097.87 296. (55 42.2(50 401 1440 645.0 8)5.0 1172.5 13S5.0 1440 1440.0 1440 1410
103 984.08 269,485 26.55)1 270 1440 565.0 (10.0 950.0 1200.0 137S 1440.0 1440 1440
1768 1053.30 241.460 5.9090 95 1440 675.0 870.0 10)0.0 1255.0 141) 1440.0 1440 1440
4068 861.01 259.1(6 4.0634 8 1440 515.0 715.0 835.0 1045,5 1290 1)85.0 1440 1440
797 982.44 243. 015 1,6105 255 1440 600.0 820,0 970.0 1170.0 1)20 1380.0 1440 1440
2639 1151.0) 2)9.775 < 5507 60 1440 7)5.0 1015.0 1190,0 1)50,0 1440 1440,0 1440 1440
71 995.08 2(8.059 31.8128 445 1440 575.0 810.0 940.0 1255.0 1440 1440.0 1440 1440
. 196) 1044.47 251.188 5.6152 95 1440 6(0.0 855.0 1020.0 12S4.0 1410 1440.0 1440 1440
829 1093.37 271. 592 9.6759 150 1440 (30.0 870.0 11)0.0 1)45.0 1440 1440.0 1440 1440
2:H1GH SCHOOL GRAD 2802 1008.10 279.291 5.4751 30 1440 5(5.0 803.0 99S.O 1245.0 1400 1440.0 1440 1440
J:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAD.
5:POST GRAD.
Is NORTHEAST
2:MIDHEST
3: SOUTH
4: WEST
liHEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1:NINTER
2: SPRING
): SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:VES
8:DK
0:NO
1:VES
6.DK
0;NO
1:YES
8:OK
1789 974.14 272.5*9 6.4469 10 1440 570.0 775.0 9)0.0 1205.0 1)71 1436.0 1440 1440
1240 939.49 275.004 7.9096 30 1440 527.5 745.0 885.0 1165.0 1335 1427.5 1440 1440
921 943.67 274.270 9.0375 9 1440 540.0 750.0 900.0 1155,0 1)50 1410.0 1440 1440
2069 1803.40 279.441 6.1229 30 1440 570.0 795.0 910.0 1245.0 1405 1440.0 1440 1440
2017 1001.7) 280.646 6.1432 8 1440 5(5.0 790.0 989.0 1250.0 1390 1440.0 1440 1440
32)0 999.00 270,190 4.7541 10 1440 585.0 100.0 970.0 1221.0 1400 1440.0 1440 1440
1951 1002.84 171.992 6.1920 30 1440 575.0 800.0 1800.0 12)8.0 1190 1440.0 1440 1440
6286 9(5.69 272.596 1.4192 10 1440 567.0 770.0 911.0 1190.0 1)90 1440.0 1440 1440
30S7 1074.81 265.676 4.9051 8 1440 615.0 195.0 1105.0 1290.0 1420 1448.0 1440 1440
251) 10)4.92 278.2)7 5.550) 18 1440 598.0 825.0 1015.0 1285.0 14)2 1440.0 1440 1440
2424 977.89 267.177 5.4267 10 1440 590,0 780,0 955.0 1185.0 1)70 1435,0 1440 1440
2S22 910,52 271.962 S.4S5) 8 1440 555.0 795.0 960.0 1201.0 1)65 1440.0 1440 1440
1884 1014.14 277.470 (.1926 30 1448 589.0 805.0 997.0 12(0.0 1405 1440.0 1440 1440
8S91 999.12 274.377 2.9602 9 1440 576.0 795,0 990.0 1230.0 1)93 1440.0 1440 1440
689 1027.42 214.4)7 10.1)62 198 1440 S5S.O 825.0 1025.0 1260.0 1430 1440.0 1440 1440
(3 1025. (8 264.142 13.3039 445 1440 (30.0 840.0 960.0 1315.0 1410 1440.0 1440 1440
9019 997.77 274.112 2.18(1 1 1440 575.0 795.0 975.0 1210.0 1391 1440.0 1440 1440
249 1125.47 281.151 17.1300 110 1448 (60.0 925.0 1185.0 1)10.0 1448 1440.0 1440 1448
75 1024 08 285.059 32.9158 150 1440 5(0.0 840.0 975.0 1305.0 1425 1440.0 1440 1440
8840 997.66 274,780 2.9225 1 1440 57S.O 795.0 97$, 0 1230 0 1)95 1440.0 1440 1440
432 1070.48 273.759 13.1712 205 1448 585.0 9(7.5 1110.0 1292.5 1440 1440.8 1448 1440
71 1045.48 273.047 32.4047 445 1440 565.0 145.0 975.0 1)20.0 1440 1440.0 1440 1440
NOTE.' A *." SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. *DK" • RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'T KHOM" . "Rip* . REFUSED DATA. H - DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAD . HERN 24-HOUR
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR
NUMBER OF MINUTES. PERCENT! LES
Sourctt Tsani
•nd Klcpett,
DOERS. STBEV - STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR • STANDARD ERROR. MIN - MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX • MAXIMUM
ARE PERCENTAGE Or DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OP MINUTES.
1996.
1
I
R
3
a a
I- -I-
-------
"
T*bl* 1O1JO. ttitlitlci for Z«*Kour Cuwilitlv* Huibfr »t HtruUs tptnt Outdoors (Outildc tin tttldenet)
ClOUP NMtl
ALL
GCHOER
GENDER
CEHOKR
ACE
MI
AGE
ACE
ACE
AOE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EHPlJOYHKHT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATIOH
EOOCATtON
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REQ10N
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF MEEK
DAT OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
AST) MA
ASTitNA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BROHCH/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EHPHYS
BRONCII/EMPIIYS
NOTE: A -.• S
SHOOT CODC
1;HALB
2 i FEMALE
9.-RIF
lll-4
2:5-11
3U2-17
4:18-64
Si» «
1 1 MUTE
2 ! BLACK
3t ASIAN
4.SOMB OTHERS
SsHISPAHtC
9-.REF
0:«0
1:VES
6.-DK
9sREF
1,-FULL TIHE
2 : PART TIME
liHOT EMPLOYED
9sREF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2; HIGH SCHOOL GRAB
3s« COLLEGE
4; COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST CHAD.
1 .NORTHEAST
2:HIDHEST
l! SOUTH
4 i NEST
1 : WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1; WINTER
2:SPRINd
3 i SUMMER
4iFAU.
0:HO
1:YES
1:DK
0:NO
1:Y1S
I:DK
D:NO
i:YES
I:DK
H
3124
U3J
1511
3
40
201
)S3
219
1109
502
2622
255
34
S)
125
35
265?
222
IS
30
174
1110
240
978
22
825
306
837
527
3SS
274
635
639
1120
730
1933
1191
54 8
1034
1096
444
2869
236
19
1023
76
25
2968
1)9
17
MZAH
154-010
174. 901
13). S24
340.000
K3.no
195.
-------
Tabt* 14-111. tUtlitlei for 24-Hour CwuUtiw Muifcer of Mlnutt* Spent Tnycltng Imlde i Vehlelt
CROUP HAKE
GBOUP COOK
STDBV StDBKR
-P ERCEHTILES
7S 90 95
ALL
GENDER
CEHOER
GENDER
ACE
ACE
AGE
AGE
ACE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPAKJC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYKEHT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CEHSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DM OF MEEK
DM Of MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
AMGIKA
ANGINA
ANGINA
nKONcii/KNi'HYS
BKOHCII/EMI'IIYS
BROWCH/EMPOTS
l:MALE
2: FEMALE
9: REF
1:1-4
2:5-11
JtlJ-lJ
4:18-64
S:> 64
1:NMITG
t • BLACK
1:ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
5 HISPANIC
9 REF
0 NO
1:»BS
8.-DK
9: REF
1:FULL TIHE
2 r PAST TIHE
3. MOT EMPLOYED
9: REF
1 : « HIGH SCHOOL
2. -HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
}:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GRAO,
5. POST GRAO.
l:NC«TIiEAST
2: HIGHEST
3:SOUTH
4:HEST
1 : WEEKDAY
2: KEEK END
IjHIHTEK
2: SPRING
3: SUMMER
4 : PALL
0:NO
I:*ES
8:OK
O.HO
1:IES
8:01!
0:NO
1:YES
fl:DK
7741
HOI
4111
2
144
JJ5
571
500
S28t
907
(281
766
131
144
119
91
7050
578
14
81
1188
3712
720
1849
94
1550
581
2166
1556
1108
802
1662
1759
2704
1618
S2I9
2454
2017
2012
2090
1S84
7152
544
47
7516
172
55
7149
}42
52
97.278
105 696
91.721
10.000
117.015
68.} 1C
71.011
81.SJO
104.011
90.870
97.248'
18.721
81.414
»6,1«1
101.714
93.591
97.149
100,041
7J.OOO
91.914
71. (09
105.816
98.76]
96.561
120.296
76,190
100.822
101.605
101.215
104. 512
101.918
98.585
101.229
96.051
9). 689
94.4J7
101.399
S4.310
99.812
97.792
97.419
97.2(2
97.241
100.000
97.268
91.070
108.945
»->.SS9
90.971
98.942
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12. S 9S.O
60.0 120.0
30.0 110.0
195.0 4)5.0
60.0 1)0.0
)0.0 115.0
22.5 57.5
140,0 210,0
51.0 110.0
CO.O 150.0
60.0 125.0
50.0 115.0
105.0 167.5
55.0 115.0
60.0 180.0
60.0 160. 0
60.0 1S2.5
CO.O 128.0
45,0 90.0
60.0 110.0
SO.O 120.0
60.0 120.0
60.0 150.0
45.0 119.0
68.5 155.0
15.0 91.0
60.0 110.0
CO.O 150.0
15.0 120.0
60.0 12S.O
60.0 150.0
CO.O 195'. 0
CO.O 110,0
60.0 210.0
140.0 202. S
CO.O 1)0.0
50,0 110.0
10.0 167.5
276.0 510,0
315.0 540.0
218.0 420.0
420.0 420.0
220.0 510.0
175.0 370.0
221.0 405.0
210,0 385.0
110.0 540.0
280.0 490.0
280.0 510.0
240.0 540.0
230.0 477.5
270.0 437.5
228.0 170.0
540,0 810.0
280.0 510.0
228.0 400,0
112. S 145.0
510.0 810.0
215. 0 395.0
335.0 545.0
210.0 510.0
27S.O 480.0
280.0 675.0
210.0 385.0
480,0 555.0
310.0 570,0
130.0 510. 0
215.0 S05.0
240.0 315.0
265.0 480,0
270.0 510.0
285.0 510.0
215.0 525,0
240.0 490.0
320.0 S2S.O
251. 0 450.0
240.0 471.0
105.0 540.0
280,0 540.0
270,0 495.0
350.0 5)0.0
450.0 810.0
270.0 510,0
140.0 4CS.O
1CO.O 810.0
275.0 500.0
305.0 540.0
210.0 810.0
COO
615
540
420
540
SCO
574
570
615
570
615
S8S
SIS
SIS
415
810
615
511
145
810
560
645
580
565
810
560
600
690
SSS
600
480
590
6)5
COO
580
SSS
6)0
585
SSS
6)0
600
600
810
810
COO
690
810
600
700
810
748 915
765 900
700 9)0
420 420
540 540
6)0 980
660 725
7)S 915
780 9)3
600 7)5
750 9)0
690 7C5
665 665
560 560
SSS 1)05
110 810
74« 915
555 SSS
145 145
810 810
£65 915
825 9SS
690 700
B90 7JS
810 810
CIS 840
1100 1)05
855 990
715 765
690 795
7)5 780
900 1130
740 900
748 825
725 855
7)5 900
810 915
750 110
665 740
840 990
780 900
7)0 ess
1100 1440
810 810
740 915
710 710
110 810
735 900
9)0 1100
810 810
a
1
Wbre.- A -." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "OK" » RESPONDENT REPLIED "DON'T KNOW". -REF" - REFUSED DATA, N - DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAN . MEAH 24-HOITO
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR • STANDARD ERROR. MIN - MINIMUM NUMBER OP MINUTES MAX » MAXTMIIH
NUMBER OF MINUTES. PERCENTILES ARC PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BBLOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Source: !•»• «nd ««p«t«.
-------
Ttbtt 14*154* ftitUtfci fw 2$-Kour CiiKfUttv* Mupbtr of Ntmtttt Spent fn *n Office or factory
OtOW NWiZ
ALL
CCMDCR
GEMOEX
MB
AGE
ACE
DOE
AGE
ACE
RACE
KACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF KESK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCIf/EMPHYS
DRONCtl/HIPilYS
UHONIII/KHI'HYS
HOTB: A "." SI
cicxjr coot
1:HALS
2 (FEMALE
IlI-4
2:5-11
1(12-11
4slI-64
Si» 64
1 .-HHITE
2:BL*CK
3; ASIAN
4SSOHE OTHERS
SsHISPANtC
9:REf
OltIO
1:YES
e-.cr.
»:REF
1:FULL TIHE
2 : PART TIHE
3: HOT EMPLOYED
9: REP
1:< HICH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAB
3:« COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE GMD.
S:K3ST CRAD.
I: NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
): SOUTH
4 : WEST
llHEEWM
3 ;HEEKBND
1: WINTER
2: SPRING
): SUMMER
4: FALL
Of HO
IsYBS
I:DK
O-.NO
liYES
8. OK
0:NO
I: YES
8;OK
tCHlPlES MISSING DATJ
H HUM STDEV
1975 19)
101J 410
343 371
49 431
12 11
14 100
19 145
1149 411
112 145
1612 )»7
191 411
42 421
21 410
74 194
at 412
1805 )91
III 191
7 2(2
25 470,
41 121
1S15 455.
1C4 291
211 77
20 449
•0 225,
104 129.
611 196.
462 391
.972 210.7(3
.IK 233.454
.271 221-476
.911 212.510
.51) 25. (1*
.929 155.126
.421 111.111
.971 211.445
.141 193.97}
.(46 211, 961
.911 211,000
.024 216.759
.993 200,859
.459 217.147
.191 246.079
.45) 225.593
.645 2)1. COS
.571 242,111
,040 2SI.7S1
.279 177,9(4
.571 200.299
.030 196.950
.541 132.957
.150 184.11)
.100 248.547
541 264.402
876 218.074
,101 228.124
415 4)7.211 205.198
333 J9«
4«5 399
419 139
Sit 408.
40S 369.
17S9 406
883 212.151
.075 225,243
.310 229.075
.637 221.111
.052 240.175
.795 225.171
21C 289, 551 249. 076
511 390
470 1(5.
550 393.
424 40«.
1845 )94.
114 171.
IS 417,
1911 195.
It 265,
18 392.
1171 195.
as 156.
1C 401
.71* 2M,*77
196 240, (71
524 224.454
)5« 226.571
976 2)0.383
693 2)1.1)6
000 272. OC7
718 229.668
462 244.766
))) 282.440
611 229.961
4)0 234.119
875 219. 456
STDEKR
5.1*26
7.3386
7.3045
D.22S7
7.4011
41.4S91
41.5512
5.221)
1C. (112
5.7775
15.7719
)),446S
17.9511
27,6493
45.5046
5,4040
20.1116
91.5168
51.7505
27.1421
5.1124
15.1792
8.4249
41.3256
27.7894
25.9267
9.0795
10.6459
10.0728
11.7999
10.4918
10.9111
6.8418
11.944)
5.16B9
16.9475
10.05)3
11.1016
9.S70I
11.0036
5.3635
21.6666
68.0161
5.22C5
48.1947
66. (190
5 3135
25.4614
72,)641
KIN
1
1
1
10
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
10
40
1
10
1
1
1
17
1
1
1
1
10
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
S
5
1
5
5
MAX
1440
1440
«55
900
90
510
625
1440
705
1440
10)7
710
795
840
997
1440
840
610
(60
<*S
1440
750
70S
675
160
9)0
997
1440
900
860
9)0
997
1440
900
997
1440
997
1440
10)7
840
1440
(40
ICO
1440
6SO
860
1440
BOO
860
I*"
s
9
10
5
20
5
2
1
10
3
6
10
30
75
5
30
10
5
1
30
2
15
10
)
60
)
S
10
s
10
5
10
g
10
5
10
)
10
5
9
10
8
10
S
10
9
5
a
10
5
as so 75 10
110.0 485,0
22S.O 495.0
120.0 480.0
299.0 500. 0
12.5 25.0
10.0 32.5
10.0 SO.O
273.0 500.0
10.0 40.0
150.0 480.0
268.0 485.0
285.0 491.5
347.5 540.0
2)0.0 492. S
)71.0 532.5
180.0 413,0
180.0 497.5
12.0 245.0
311.0 525.0
10.0 40.0
400.0 510.0
95.0 142.5
10.0 10.0
3)4.0 522. S
15.0 105,0
SO. 5 188.5
210.0 492,0
210.0 480.0
325.0 510.0
175.0 480.0
215.0 485.0
180.0 480.0
225.0 497. S
95.0 470.0
2)7.0 495.0
10.0 282.5
110.0 480.0
120.0 410.0
200.0 482.5
218.5 500.0
115,0 490.0
120.0 462. 5
2)2.5 520.0
195.0 490.0
15.0 175.0
30,0 490.0
195.0 490,0
75. 0 427.5
30.0 490.0
550.0 630.0
545-0 645.0
540 0 600.0
555.0 (75.0
44.5 60.0
178.0 195.0
240.0 510.0
555.0 430.0
205.0 495.0
550.0 C28.0
540.0 (35. 0
553.0 660.0
512.5 71S.O
560.0 C4S.O
(07.5 B18.0
550. 0 C10.0
5(0,0 644.0
540.0 610.0
615.0 810.0
178,0 307.0
570.0 644.0
480.0 S2S.O
90.0 215.0
550. 0 C4S.O
470.0 C07.5
552.5 640.0
550.0 615.0
540.0 615.0
570.0 640.0
565.0 640.0
SSO.O 625.0
550.0 6)0.0
555.0 6)0.0
SSO.O 6)0 0
S5S.O 6)0.0
495.0 (00.0
550.0 625.0
553.0 630.0
540.0 61). S
566.5 640.0
550.0 630.0
540. 0 630.0
587.5 710,0
550.0 6)0,0
490.0 630,0
550.0 780. «
550.0 6)0.0
540.0 (20. 0
512. S 780.0
95 98
(75 765.0
7)0 780,0
(45 710,0
710 900.0
90 90.0
580 SBO.O
(35 625.0
610 765.0
540 640.0
675 750.0
720 80). 0
745 7(0.0
710 795.0
720 765.0
960 997.0
675 755.0
67S 76S.O
610 610.0
111 1CO.O
580 6(5.0
700 775.0
555 S8S.O
305 570.0
675 675.0
675 7(0.0
705 765.0
675 760.0
660 770.0
690 750.0
675 780.0
675 765.0
670 750.0
675 760.0
675 760.0
675 755.0
670 800.0
675 755.0
695 775.0
675 752.5
675 750.0
675 760.0
675 800 0
860 860.0
(75 760.0
C45 650. 0
160 8(0.0
675 760.0
(60 720.0
160 160.0
»»
111
IS5
750
900
90
510
625
818
(75
100
900
780
795
840
997
810
795
610
860
6(5
817
(IS
640
67S
860
8SS
(00
820
800
818
140
800
840
100
(10
900
13S
• 17
110
770
(10
(37
(£0
111
sso
860
(11
(00
160
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEW • STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR . STANDARD ERROR. MIN . MINIMUM NUMBER OF MIHUTSS. MAX . MAXIMUM
NUMBER OP MINUTES. PERCEMT1LBS ARE PIRCBITAag OF DOERS B1U* OR EQUAL TO * GIVEN NUMBER OP MINUTES.
Sourct: Tunf md Klcptlt, 1994.
S
sa
3
re
a
f
-------
libi* «-13S. ttitlitlo for 24-Hour emulative »u»*r of Minutes Spent In H«U«, Grocery Store*,
or OtNer Store*
GROUP KAMI
OROW CODS
STDSV STDBBK HIM MAX S 25
ALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
IIISWVH1C
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF KEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTWW
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BHONCH/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMWIYS
BRONCH/EMPHYS
1:MALE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
3: 12-17
4:18-64
Si. 64
1 WHITE
2 : BLACK
):ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
5;HISPANIC
9;REF
0:NO
1:»ES
8:OK
9;REF
2697 114
1020 120
1677 111
50 139
110 90
1J9 77
140 68
1871 125
397 II
2214 111
237 123
17 J5«
52 ISO
110 133
27 124
2476 114
188 J26
12 49
21 122
,975 140,9(1
.159 151.143
.122 130.088
.440 137,586
.016 77.817
.(74 68,035
.114 101.161
.927 156.815
,S72 88.477
,561 139,443
.000 152.318
.192 1S1.72S
.211 146.737
.145 131.109
.141 131.136
.387 141.019
.074 133. ISO
.417 17,689
.42* 138.488
372 86.946 86.322
1 s FULL TIME
2 i PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9il!EF
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GUM)
3:< COLLEGE
4. COLLEGE GRAB.
SiPOST GRAB,
1 SOUTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
3:SOOTH
4 i WEST
I : HEEKOAY
2: WEEKEND
l.HINTEJi
2: SPRING
1; SUMMER
4 : FALL
OHO
1,-YES
8:DK
0:NO
liSTES
BiDK
0:NO
l:VES
8sDK
1170 IK,
295 134.
854 91.
1C 98.
420 IB.
206 121.
792 12C.
583 128.
411 117.
2»S 78.
622 110.
601 10B.
•71 127.
603 107.
1721 117,
976 110,
683 111.
679 115.
759 113.
S7C 120.
2480 !16.
201 101.
9 85.
2607 115.
74 90,
16 62.
2SS3 115.
110 104,
14 71.
,797 176.691
113 147.732
191 87.216
911 110.011
262 91.922
917 155.722
295 158.1(4
849 149. 510
876 144.142
1B2 95.665
201 134.942
243 131.099
922 ISS.82S
909 130,742
451 141. B79
610 125.747
710 134,000
844 142.210
1)1 147.470
243 131.949
246 142.151
111 111.977
111 79, (34
981 142.101
831 103.912
618 68.084
716 141.704
754 1)1.316
143 66.864
2,1143
4.9203
3.176C
19.4576
7.4263
S.9901
8.5666
1.6251
4.44QS
2.9502
9.6941
24.9414
20.3488
11.1872
2S.2372
2.8501
9.7IIO
10.8799
30.2206
4.4156
5.1656
8. 7509
2.9846
27.508)
4.415)
10.8497
5.6451
6.1929
7.1100
5.66(7
5,4101
S.4292
5.2799
5.1242
3,5887
4,0251
5.1274
5.4S7S
5.3528
5.7895
2.8585
8.6656
26.5447
2.78)1
12.07SS
17.0210
2.B04S
11,5189
17.8701
1
1
I
IS
S
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
S
1
to
1
1
2
10
1
1
2
1
10
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
I
i
1
1
3)
1
2
2
1
S
20
1080
840
1080
E60
420
320
510
1080
655
1080
800
600
660
720
515
1080
720
122
SIS
(60
1080
540
SBS
157
660
10BO
960
800
720
610
755
B40
1080
640
1010
840
840
720
1080
840
1080
(00
290
1080
610
290
1090
(21
290
10 10.0
S 30.0
10 10.0
20 45. 0
10 40.0
S 30.0
S 20.0
10 10.0
10 30.0
10 10,0
10 25.0
14 50,0
14 (5.0
10 35.0
10 30.0
10 30.0
10 30.0
2 17.5
20 33.0
5 30.0
10 30.0
( 10,0
10 10.0
10 31. S
5 29.0
10 10.0
S 10.0
10 10.0
10 30.0
Id 25.0
S 30.0
10 10.0
10 10.0
10 10.0
10 10.0
5 30,0
10 10,0
10 10.0
S 30.0
10 30 0
10 10.0
S 10.0
)3 55,0-
10 10.0
15 17.0
2 30 0
10 300
10 2S.O
20 35.0
60.0 13S.O
(0.0 130.0
(0.0 1)5.0
92.5 180. 0
65.0 105,0
(C.O 110.0
45,0 12). S
(0.0 150,0
60.0 120.0
tO.O 130.0
60.0 1)5.0
105.0 220.0
102,5 180.0
90.0 195.0
(0.0 207.0
60.0 1)1.5
90.0 172.5
47.5 69.5
60.0 180,0
60.0 120.0
(0.0 150.0
65,0-186.0
60.0 120,0
52.5 115,0
(0.0 120.0
75. 0 150.0
60. « 150.0
70.0 1(5.0
60.0 135. 0
50.0 90.0
60.0 110.0
60.0 130,0
(0,0 155,0
(0.0 120.0
60.0 115.0
65.0 1)5.0
60.0 1)5,0
(0.0 110.0
60.0 125.0
60.fr 1(0.0
60.0 115.0
(0.0 120.0
58.0 60.0
60.0 115.0
(4.0 105.0
SS.O 60.0
60.0 1)5.0
(0.0 1)5.0
56.5 70.0
285.0 482.0
175.0 510.0
255.0 400.0
338.5 420,0
210.0 250. 0
180.0 225.0
222,5 J17.S
3(0.0 525.0
180.0 255.0
265.0 495.0
370.0 480.0
410.0 480.3
280.0 SB8.0
310.0 450.0
300.0 380.0
285, 0 495.0
270.0 450.0
105.0 122.0
290,0 380.0
206.0 255.0
480.0 562. 0
400,0 480.0
195.0 255.0
290,0 157,0
210.0 262.5
3)0.0 500.0
365. 0 S3*. 0
345.0 510.0
290.0 515.0
160.0 250.0
280.0 4(5.0
2SO.O 440.0
320.0 520.0
2S5.0 430.0
320.0 510.0
255.0 330.0
255.0 420.0
300.0 500.0
300,0 510,0
295,0 480.0
287. 5 495.0
245.0 420.0
290.0 290.0
290.0 495.0
150.0 190.0
110.0 290.0
285.0 481. 0
192.5 505.0
110.0 290.0
570
609
550
565
359
255
384
600
400
570
600
(00
600
535
515
570
540
122
515
360
640
520
360
357
384
570
(00
5(3
600
450
563
560
600
550
586
5(0
568
588
570
550
575
545
290
570
510
290
570
575
290
640
65B
(00
660
360
280
413
6S8
470
640
613
600
((0
540
SIS
640
(10
122
515
384
690
540
420
357
420
60S
660
651
(40
5SS
£00
645
(60
(00
(50
608
6(0
(45
(10
640
640
550
290
640
(30
290
640
C09
290
NOTE! A~V SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. "OK" * RESPONDENT REPLIED •DON'T KNOW". -REF" » REFUSED DATA. N « DOER SAMPLE SIZE, HEAM « MEAH 24-HOUR
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOERS. STDEV » STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR • STANDARD ERROR. HIN - MINIMUM NUMBER OF MINUTES. MAX ' MAXIMUM
NUMBER OF MINUTES. "'pERCENTILES ARE PERCENTAGE OP DOERS BELOH OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
Sourcs:
*§*«
'***•
i
*».
•
I
1
a
5-
I
a
-------
Itblo H-1». itttUtlci for
Ivlldli**
snoot MX.I
AU,
COIOEH
GEHDEX
ME
MS
ACE
MI
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS RECIOH
CENSUS RECIOH
DAY Of HEEK
DAY OP HEBK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANQIHA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BROKCH/SHPHYS
BRONCH/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMPIIYS
otow coot
l.HALE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2.S-I1
1:12-17
4iI8-(4
5:> 64
1 : WHITE
2: BLACK
1:ASIAN
4 i SOME OTHERS
SilllSPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
IsYES
1:DK
9:HEF
liFUIA TINE
2 1 PART TIME
3: HOT EMPLOYED
9: REP
ls< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAO
]:< COULEOE
<: COLLEGE ORAD.
S:POST ORAO.
IsNOHTHBAST
2sMIDNEST
1 ?SOUTH
4: WEST
liMEEXDAY
2: WEEK END
IjHIHTER
2: SPRING
1: SUMMER
4:FAU,
0;HO
1:YES
I:DK
0:HO
I: YES
8:OK
OiHO
1:YES
I:DK
24-Kour CwuUtlvt
H Mf AH STOtV
2912 271
1234 285
use 2«
SO 2(1
91 21)
391 351
355 366
1(51 2(7
31S 1SI
2310 2(1
332 303
61 295
57 314
141 213
31 251
2(54 273.
240 306
13 279,
25 286
821 341.
1021 300,
293 2S1.
775 «(.
14 212.
917 340,
1(6 172.
«1T 207.
520 247,
3S1 2(1,
361 319.
MS 272.
686 275.
1036 ill.
565 2(7.
2091 109.
841 186.
147 296.
80S 278.
667 254.
C13 2(2.
2689 27).
229 217.
14 278.
2B36 277.
71 178.
11 2S».
2794 27$.
121 212.
17 275,
.332 205 512
.147 20C.713
,472 205 012
.9(0 221.042
.000 215,787
.202 149,571
.33! 161.247
.707 221.203
.091 121. (39
.239 204.323
.473 207.071
.000 199.39)
.684 203.549
,936 229.921
.774 192.517
.293 203.551
.391 230.835
385 230.736
.(00 175.367
.414 171.111
.100 239.765
324 199.326
.40( 148.414
,857 147. 73(
.328 172. til
.(02 139.026
290 199,027
492 213. (09
581 214.287
114 236.166
747 211.594
394 207,157
187 201.004
418 207.214
144 212,577
039 156.373
.587 201.244
761 204. (11
US 209.724
190 207.110
193 207,101
974 191. S78
000 171.240
127 20(.396
421 172.803
278 1(5.599
999 207.148
5(2 1*6. 149
7(5 1(3.401
STDI»«
3.1011
5.I84S
4.97(9
11.2(01
23.8111
7.5(45
1.5581
5.4407
6.5560
4.2512
11.3(45
25.5302
26.9607
19.3550
34.5771
3,9511
14.9003
63.9946
35.0714
5.9719
7.4751
11. (447
5.3112
39.4840
5.7002
10.7129
(.0125
9.3(74
11.4178
12.4298
1.1115
7.9091
C.2449
8.717C
4. (481
5.4094
6.9148
7.2111
8.1205
1.1740
1.9977
12.6598
45.7(51
1.8757
19.5661
39.0121
1.9227
15 1226
39.6306
Kwbor of MInulti Spent
HIM MAX
.
1
1
5
1
5
1
1
5
1
1
5
10
2
5
1
1
15
5
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
S
3
I
10
5
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES TO* DOERS. STDEV . STANDARD DEVIATION.
HIIMBER OP MINUTRS, PEHCEHTH.ES ARE
PERCENTAGE OF DOERS
BELOW OR
EQUAL
1440
1440
1440
1010
1440
C(S
915
1440
710
1440
1440
900
967
1440
(81
1440
1440
7(0
625
1440
1440
1030
855
440
1440
735
1440
1000
1005
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1015
100S
1440
8SS
565
1440
(90
565
1440
662
565
STERH «
1
5
"20
10
20
30
5
70
(0
IS
21
20
35
30
10
11
5
20
20
35
55
55
IS
20
IS
5
45
27
IS
IS
15
10
25
30
20
15
IS
40
10
10
20
14
20
25
S
20
28
1
20
10
5
25 50
95 jjj.o
110 255-0
90 200.0
100 192.5
(0 150.0
245 389.0
2(0 415.0
87 190.0
(0 115.0
90 210.0
135 215,0
135 240,0
135 3(0.0
100 237. 0
120 240.0
94 215.0
110 287.5
(5 235.0
145 255.0
190 391.0
90 215.0
85 200.0
(0 121.0
120 190.0
190 190.0
70 121,5
CO 115,0
85 1(5,0
85 180.0
110 290.0
90 21S.O
88 239,0
110 210.0
100 200.0
115 140.0
15 140.0
120 285.0
110 220.0
10 180.0
75 210.0
94 217.0
120 275.0
145 280.0
100 210.0
CO 120.0
145 270.0
95 228.0
90 145.0
145 105. 0
In tchooti,
75 90
410,0 540 0
425.0 540 0
430.0 540 0
400.0 590.0
190.0 545-0
440.0 515.0
446.0 502.0
450.0 570.0
195.0 140.0
429,0 540.0
440,0 540,0
425.0 515.0
455.0 525.0
410,0 525.0
430.0 495.0
425.0 540.0
444.5 5(7.5
420,0 SC2.0
440.0 495.0
441.0 520.0
510.0 $10.0
387.0 525.0
250.0 400.0
105.0 410.0
440.0 52S.O
215.0 375. 0
295.0 510.0
420.0 552. S
450.0 560.0
510.0 (15.0
420,0 545.0
425.0 SiO.O
440.0 515.0
420.0 S5S.O
4CO.O 5(5,0
230.0 385.0
444.0 545.0
420.0 535.0
420,0 550.0
425.0 540.0
410.0 540.0
43S.O 531.0
430.0 445.0
410.0 540.0
195.0 480.0
178.0 480.0
430.0 540.0
175.0 445.0
415.0 440.0
Churchci,
as 9i
(15 715.0
(20 745 0
(10 713.0
625 171. S
595 900 0
5(2 (25 0
(05 710 0
(55 7(0.0
435 525. 0
(12 705.0
(30 775.0
5(5 140.0
598 820.0
(10 610.0
(25 (81.0
(12 712.0
695 840.0
760 7(0.0
565 (25.0
570 (45,0
(85 775.0
(10 100,0
475 570.0
440 440.0
510 (45,0
4(5 525.0
515 (90.0
(40 7CO.O
«2S 750.0
Cll 765.0
CIO 715.0
CIS 745.0
COO (90.0
(20 712.0
612 750.0
525 (40.0
CIS 710.0
(00 725.0
CIO 718.0
(IS 712.0
615 72S.O
COS 645.0
5(5 565 0
(15 725.0
575 (25.0
565 5(5.0
615 726 0
490 605.0
565 5(5.0
STANDARD ERROR. MIX - MINIMUM "UMBER
TO A GIVEN
NUMBER OF
MINUTES.
Kolpltili, tfd Public
,.„,(
99
BOS
840
800
1030
1440
645
805
B5S
(15
7(5
1000
900
9(7
940
(81
100
940
7CO
(25
711
900
180
(41
440
711
640
7BS
8SS
800
900
8SS
850
778
120
8S5
735
770
140
890
778
120
100
5(5
105
890
5(5
840
610
5CS
OF MINUTES, MAX . MAHIHUM
lourc«:
*nf Klipttl, 1996.
9
I
§
a
3
a
s.
I
a
-------
•b- ft
1|
5. 55
S
o 'x
9\ w
si
3
hu
Is
S
sL
w
t»*
4^ .
£ B
•4V OQ
\o <&
T4fcU 14-137.
OROUP HANI
ALL
GENDER
GKNDEK
AGE
ABE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OP WEEK
DAY OF MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
MKI1NA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EMPHYS
8RONCH/EWHYS
8RONCH/EHPHYS
StltiltlCS
attorn coot
1:M»LE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2:5-11
):12-17
4:18-64
S:> 64
1:HHITB
2: BLACK
3. -ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
S: HISPANIC
9:REF
0;NO
1:YES
8:DK
9: REP
1:FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:REr
1:« HIGH SCHOOL
for 24-Hour emulative Motor of Mnutet Spent in I*ri/Nlgiitclut*, Botnd (e*t*uran»
I
99
(60
6(0
645
CIO
1)0
180
160
C80
520
645
715
497
765
81)
480
(50
765
315
460
110
715
745
188
425
455
870
680
675
570
675
650
£75
6SO
640
67S
6)0
715
585
660
770
6(0
670
410
(60
340
480
G60
(20
875
HOt'si A -." SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. "OK" « RESPONDENT REPLIED -DON'T I'HOH- . -REf . REFUSED DATA. N . DOER SAMPLE SIZE. MEAH . MEAN 24-HO1IH
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR
NUMBER OF MINUTES. I'ERCENTILES
-
and llKwii,
DOERS. STDEV - STANDARD DEVIATION. STERR - STANDARD ERROR, M1N « MINIMUM DUMBER
ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELDH OR EQUAL- TO A C, IV Ell NUMBER OF MINUTES .
1996.
OF MINUTES MAX « MAKIHIIH
n
J*
a
^
*
*i
£
^
•>
I.
5
?
JJ
^
J
a
Q
rl
,0
vy
|
S".
fe
S!
•
t^.
rj
».
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i^f
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-------
t4*1M.
ItitlitlCf for «•««*• CwuUtlvt Vurixr ef Ntiwttl tptnt In Oth«r Outsfcor. Juch .. ituto «tp.lr
U««Jre««M, B>», •«» at Work (Kon-ipeclfic) ^
-mCXHTZLZS-
OROUf HMO
ALL
BSHDEH
CEHOBIl
/ICE
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
ACE
RACE
MCI
MCE
RACE
RACE
MCE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REOION
CENSUS REOION
DAY OF HEEK
DAY OF HEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BROHCH/EHPHYS
BRONC1I/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMPHYS
oiioar coot
llHALS
2 t FEMALE
1:1-4
JiS-ll
3.12-1?
4;I»-C4
So 64
liHHITE
2: BLACK
3:ASIW
4: SOME OTHERS
S:III£PANIC
9:REF
0:NO
liYES
8-OK
9:REF
1-FULL TIME
I: PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
JiRKF
}:< HIGH SCHOOL
H MIAH
1214 225.747
(12 260.322
(02 190.5*1
21 2(4.524
27 92.2»(
59 134. (71
76 1(4. 1C1
SOI 250.290
121 152.81)
956 226.348
III 221.102
25 194. (>0
23 211.217
42 250.190
10 146.500
1113 224.325
61 230,018
5 4IJ. 200
1 229.375
1(2 140.031
(52 276.345
132 240.909
259 145.347
9 194.444
. 186 148.097
88 301.966
2: HIGH SCHOOL GRAD 324 249.065
J:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE ORAB.
S:POST CRAB.
Is NORTHEAST
2: MIDWEST
IvSQUTH
4:KEST
1: WEEKDAY
2: WEEKEND
1 : HINTED
2sSPRIfW
3: SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:Y«S
8. UK
0:NO
1:YES
8:DX
0:HO
IsYES
8:DK
2S1 266.996
217 202.014
141 191.7(4
275 218.171
254 250.689
401 221. 691
2(4 213. CIO
900 224 954
314 229.019
147 241.715
121 220.343
294 224.411
252 212.194
1123 225.742
84 228.500
7 1J1.S71
1171 235.259
28 227.750
1 290. (25
1166 226.724
41 198.829
7 220.714
NOre: A •." SIONIFIBS HtSSIHG DAtA, *DX" • RES
CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF MINUTES FOR DOEKS. ST.DEV »
NUMBER OF XINUTBS, PEHCEHTlLgS
tretv
211.111
23». SIS
216.774
273.733
74.052
166.691
15). 542
241.450
159.777
228.181
256.391
196.414
236.332
229.160
246.555
231.0(1
21S.421
240.1(7
110.592
158.915
250.945
227.902
173.016
278.752
1(8.0(7
251.244
243.136
256.435
217. 284
198.819
216 166
241.492
239.929
222.124
232.145
228.476
239.749
220, (58
244.957
214.929
239.228
259.129
201.406
211.210
218.57]
269.171
212.001
211.191
197.261
STANDARD
STDCM
(.(31
».(85
1.835
59.733
14.405
24.105
11.101
8.101
14.122
7.252
21. SO)
39.297
49.279
15.3(0
77.967
(.1(5
26.124
107.719
109.811
12.486
9.12*
19.836
10.755
92.917
12.123
26.783
11.508
16.186
14.750
16 343
11.015
15.153
11.981
13.191
7.718
12.894
12.870
12. IK
14.285
11.519
6.S40
28.295
7C.124
6.719
41. IOC
95.166
(.794
33.296
74.55»
HIM KAX
1
1
1
15
10
5
1
1
2
1
2
S
5
5
IS
1
5
55
10
1
2
5
1
IS
1
5
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
I
15
1
S
IS
1
S
IS
DEVIATION.
ARE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BBLOH OR
EQUAL
1440
1040
1440
940
270
910
660
1440
770
1440
1410
(00
800
791
840
1440
793
(21
840
910
1410
1440
1150
840
910
910
1150
1440
1005
170
990
1005
1440
9(0
14)0
1440
1440
1005
1040
990
1440
979
510
1440
770
780
1440
790
510
STERR *
5
10
10
10
10
IS
5
5
10
12
10
5
25
10
15
IS
10
IS
55
30
10
10
15
5
IS
S
15
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
10
5
15
10
10
IS
10
12
IS
10
10
15
25 50 75
56.0 120.0 370.0
(0.0 160.0 4CO.O
45.0 105.0 1(0.0
75.0 100.0 420.0
25.0 65.0 1(0.0
30.0 10.0 14S.O
45.0 110.0 208.0
60.0 115.0 450.0
45.0 95.0 202,5
58.5 120.0 370.0
45.0 120.0 158.0
S8.0 90.0 100.0
25.0 115.0 405.0
(0.0 165.0 420.0
55.0 67.5 105.0
55.0 120.0 360.0
(1.5 127.5 191,0
5SO.O 5(1.0 (10.0
42.5 (7.S 172.5
30.0 103. S 170.0
(0.0 1(2. S 508.0
S7.5 170.0 1SO.O
40.0 90.0 160.0
40.0 75.0 1SO.O
10.0 109.5 177.0
(0.0 2(5.0 487. S
Sl.S 126.0 435.0
60.0 155.0 480.0
5S.O 110,0 295.0
(0.0 105.0 2(2.5
(0.0 120.0 3(0.0
55. 0 150.0 4(0.0
47.0 120.0 160.0
(0.0 120.0 305.0
58, S 120.0 1C7.S
52.0 120,0 376.0
(0.0 15S.O 390.0
54. 0 115.0 390.0
45.0 115.0 3CO.O
55.5 120.0 327.5
55.0 125.0 370.0
59.5 100.0 351.0
(0.0 80.0 450.0
55. 0 1-20.0 3(0.0
(2,5 135,0 425.0
(7.5 217.5 480.0
58.0 120.0 370.0
45.0 95.0 130.0
(0.0 155. 0 450,0
STANDARD ERROR. HIM
TO A GIVEN
NUMBER OF MINUTES
90 »S
5(8 (70.0
(05 (95.0
515 600.0
5(0 140.0
110 250.0
325 720.0
450 550.0
(00 £90.0
420 510.0
580 ((5.0
525 720.0
52S 5)0,0
515 £80.0
COO £75,0
49S B40.0
5C5 (70.0
54$ 660.0
(21 (21.0
840 S40.0
125 505.0
(19 700.0
510 S20.0
432 S40.0
840 840,0
130 520.0
(70 780.0
S9S 690.0
(00 710.0
570 (45.0
515 5*0.0
544 (CO.O
(00 695.0
5(0 (15.0
S«S (75.0
S(5 (72.5
580 665.0
585 660.0
550 610.0
595 760. 0
540 6(0. a
5(5 (60.0
6(0 793.0
510 510. 0
570 S70.0
SCO (00.0
780 780.0
570 (70.0
S50 565.0
510 510.0
91
100
115
720
940
270
855
COO
815
COO
780
990
(00
100
791
940
810
790
(2)
840
(60
815
815
704
840
720
815
US
800
760
700
765
eis
815
791
815
720
897
7)0
855
710
780
910
S10
810
770
780
BID
710
510
J9
910.0 *
910.0
855.0
940,0
270,0
910,0
(CO.O
945.0
(10.0
910.0
1150.0
600.0
800.0
791.0
840.0
930.0
791.0
(21.0
840.0
155.0
945.0
1005.0
770.0
840.0
855.0
910.0
979.0
990.0
855.0
791.0
1S5.0
940.0
979,0
150.0
942.5
815.0
9(0.0
• is.o
»79,0
791.0
197.0
979.0
510.0
9)0.0
770,0
780,0
910.0
780.0
510.0
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
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f*H
3?%l
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-151
-------
1
*g,
TiWe 14-140.
Differences hi Time Use fliours/week)' Grouped by Sex,
for (he Surveys Conducted In 1965 and
Emptojred Men
Urban Data
1365
Sleep
Work for Pay
Family Care
Personal Care
Free Time
Organizations
MedU
Social Life
Recreation
Older Leisure
Total Time
(Free)
1S2S
Sleep
Work for Pay
Family Care
Personal Care
Free Time
Organizations
MedU
Social Life
Recitation
Other Leisure
Total Time
(Free)
Married
(N-448)
53.1
51.3
9.0
20.9
33.7
2.6
17.!
7.2
1.4
5,4
16B.O
(33.7)
(N=245)
53.4
47.4
9.7
21.4
36.1
3.7
18.9
6.4
1.3
5.8
168-0
(36.1)
Single
(N»73)
506
51.4
7.7
22.2
36.1
3.6
13.9
10.4
1.3
6.9
168.0
(36.1)
=1Q8)
54.3
38. B
16.6
21.9
36.4
4.4
14.5
8.9
O.S
8.1
168.0
(36.4)
Employment Status, and Marital Status
197S
Housewives
Married
(N-341)
53.9
0.5
50,0
22.6
41.0
3.4
15.3
12.6
0.6
9.1
168,0
(41.0)
(N = 14I)
56.8
1.1
44.3
21.4
44.4
4.8
20.4
10.1
0.7
8.4
168.0
(44.4)
Single
(N = 14)
5! 8
1.6
45.7
23.0
38.9
34
19.1
!0.2
1.1
5.1
168.0
(38.9)
(N«28)
58.6
0,0
42.S
19.2
47.4
3,0
27.2
9.1
04
7.7
168.0
(47.4)
Total
(N = 1218)
533
330
2S.4
21.5
34.8
28
147
94
09
7.0
168.0
(34.8)
(N«=726)
54.7
325
20.S
21.8
38.5
3.8
182
78
1.3
" 4
1680
(38.5)
1 Data weighted la ensure equal days of the week.
Source: Robinson, 1977
fr
p. *M
*r a,
| 1
H* Jj
4v *--
i i
Ik* S*-
a a
•*: <
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-------
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I
^-
Table 14-141. Time Die (hours/week)' Difference* by Age for the Survcyi Conducted in IMS ind 197S
Mean Duration (hrs/wk)
Age Group (in years)
18-25
Aclivily
Steep
WoiiferPs?
Family Care
Personal Care
Free Time
Organization*
Media
Social Life
Recreation
Older
Leisure
Total Tune
Free Time
1965
(N=200)
54.2
32.6
21.2
20.9
39.1
4.8
13.8
11.3
0.9
8.3
168.0
(39.1)
1975
(N-I49)
55.4
27.0
1S.3
20.3
50.0
8.4
18.5
10.7
2.6
9.8
168.0
(50,0)
25-35
1965
(N=321)
52.5
29.2
30.4
20.3
35.6
30
14.6
10.3
1.2
6,5
168.0
(3S.6)
1975
(N«=234)
53.9
33.4
21.6
20.8
38.4
4.2
17.2
8,7
1.3
7.0
168.0
08.4)
36-45
1965
(N=306)
53.1
33.1
2S.4
22.5
33.8
3.0
14.5
8.4
0.8
7.1
168.0
(33.8)
I97S
(N = 150)
54.7
34.4
20.4
21.1
373
3.3"
18.3
7.8
1.0
6.9
168.0
(37.3)
46-55
1965
(N=2S2)
53.9
33.4
24.9
22.4
33.4
20
15.3
8,6
0.6
6.9
168.0
(33.4)
1975
(N-141)
55.4
31.0
23.2
23.1
SS.2
3.1
188
5.4
1.3
6.6
168.0
(35.2)
56-65
1965
(N = 156)
53.6
35.9
20.4
20.9
37.1
2.9
17.4
8.1
I.I
7.6
1680
(37.1)
1975
(N = lll)
56.0
20.4
23.2
266
41 .»
32
22.6
6.2
1.3
8.5
168,0
(41.8)
* Data wdgMod to ensure equal dayi of the week.
Source: Rob in ion, 1977.
a
4-
I
-------
Tibte 14-142.
Time Use (houn/weck)" DirTeiencei by Education for the Survtyi Conducted in 1965 «
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
T«b!e 14-143. Time U«e (touw/woefc)' Difference! by Rico far tte Swveyi Conducted in 1965 tad 1975
Mean duration (bcjuwweek)
Activity
Sloop
Work for P«y
Family C«fa
Pctwsrud Cure
Free Time
OfgtM'***""*
Medu
SocudLife
Rocrexlioa
Other Leiiure
TottlTime
Froo Time
1965
(N - 1030)
53.4
31.9
26.0
21.8
34.9
2.8
14.8
9.3
1.1
6.9
168.0
(34.9)
While
1975
(N - 680)
54.5
30.0
21.1
22.1
40.3 .
4.4
18.7
S.2
t.5
7.5
168.0
(40.3!
Blick
1965
(N - 103)
50.9
36.6
23.6
20.0
36.9
3.0
15.7
9.1
0.6
8.4
168.0
(36.8)
1975
{N - 77)
J4.S
30.0
17.6
21.0
44.6
4.9
19.6
9.8
0.4
9.9
168.0
• (44.6)
Data waighted to ensure equal tityi of the week.
Source: Robiason, 1977.
Table 14-144. Mean Time Spent (hours/week)* in 10 Major Activity Categories Grouped by Regions
Tool
N*=975
Activity
Market Work
House/yard work
Child care
Services/shop
Personal care
HducstCios
Organizations
Social
entertainment
Active leisure
Passive leisure
Total Tune
Wesi
N«200
23.44
14.64
2.50
5.22
79.23
2.94
3.42
8.26
5.94
22.47
168.00
North
Central
N=304
29.02
14.17
2.82
5.64
76.62
1.43
2.97
8.42
5.28
21.71
168.00
Northeast
N = 185
27.34
14.29
2.32
4.92
78.11
0.95
2.45
8.98
4.77
23.94
168.00
South
N=286
24.21
15.44
2.66
4.72
79.38
1.45
2.68
8.22
5.86
23.47
168.00
Mean
26.15
14.66
2,62
5.15
78.24
1.65
2.88
8.43
5.49
22.80
168.00
S.D.'
23.83
12.09
S.14
5.40
12.70
6.34
5.40
8.17
7.8!
13.35
0.09
* Weighted for day of week, panel loss (not defined in report), and correspondence to Census. Data nay
not add to touts shown due to rounding.
' N — surveyed population
* S.D, •* standard deviation
Source: Hill, 198S.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-155
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-145. Toud Mean Tune Spent (mins/day) in Ten M«jor Activity Categories Grouped by Type of D«y
Activity Caejory
Market Woik
lloute/Yardwork
Cluld Care
SrrVKli^Jilnijijilllft
rerKHial Care
Education
Organization
Social Entertainment
Active Leuurc
P«»itvc Leisure
TrKal Tune
Weekday
IN- - 831)
288.0 (257.7)
126.3 (1 19.3)
26.6 (50.9)
48.7 (58.7)
639.2(114.8)
16.4 (64.4)
21.1 (49.7)
54.9 (69.2)
37.9(71.11)
181.1 (121.9)
1,440
Tune Duration (mins/day)
Saturday
[N« = 8311
97.9(211.9)
160.5 (157.2)
19.4 (51.5)
64.4 (92.5)
706.8(169.8)
5.4(38.1)
18.4 (75.2)
1,114.1(156.0)
61.4 (126.5)
191.8(161.6)
1.440
Sunday
[N« = 8311
58.0 (164.8)
124.5 (133.3)
24.8(61.9)
21.6(49.9)
734.3(156.5)
7.3 (48.0)
58.5 (104.5)
110.0(151.2)
64.5 (120.6)
216.5(167.1)
1,440
• N • Numlier of reipuntlenu
() ~ Niiiniwrt in p*rentlteses are standard deviations
Source: Hill. 1985.
Table 14-146. Mean Time Spent (mins/day) in 10 Major Activity Categories During Four Waves of Interviews*
Activity Category
Market work
House/yard work
Child care
Services/shop
Personal care
Education
Organizations
Social entertainment
Active leisure
Passive leisure
Total Time
Fall
Wave!
(Nov. 1, 1975)*
N=861
222.94
133.16
25.50
48.98
652.95
22.79
25.30
63.87
42.71
210.75
1440.00
Winter
Wave 2
(Feb. 28, 1976)*
226.53
135.58
22.44
44.09
678.14
12.57
22.55
67.11
47.46
183.48
1440.00
Spring
Wave 3
(June 1, 1976)*
N=861
210.44
143.10
25.51
44.61
688.27
2.87
23.21
83.90
46.19
171.85
1440.00
Summer
Wave 4
(Sept. 21, 1976)*
N=861
230.92
119.95
21.07
47.75
674.85
10.76
29.91
72.24
42.30
190.19
1440.00
Range of
Standard
Deviations
272-287
129-156
49-58
76-79
143-181
32-93
68-87
102-127
96-105
144-162
_
" Weighted for day of week, panel loss (not defined in report), and correspondence to Census.
* Dales hy which 50* of Ihe interviews for each wave were taken.
Source; Hill, 198S.
Page
14-156
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-147. Mean Time Spent (houryweek) in 10 Major
Activity Categories grouped by Gender*
Activity Category
Time duration (hours/week)
Man
n = 410
Market work
House/yard
Child care
Services/shop
Personal care
Education
Organizations
Social entertainment
Active leisure
Passive leisure
Total rime
35.8
8.5
1.2
3.9
77.3
2.3
2.5
7.9
5.9
22.8
168.1
(23.6)'
(9.0)
(2.5)
(4.5)
(13.0)
(7.7)
(5.5)
(8.3)'
(8.2)
(14.1)
Women
n = 561
17.9
20.0
3.9
6.3
79.0
1.1
3.2
8.9
5.2
22.7
168.1
(20.7)
(11.9)
(6.4)
(5,9)
(12.4)
(4.8)
(5.3)
(8.0) '
(7-4)
(12.7)
Men and Women
n = 971
26.2
14.7
2.6
5.2
78.2
1,7
2.9
8.4
5.5
22.8
168.1
(23.8)
(12. 1)
(5.2)
(5.4)
(12.7)
(6.4)
(5.4)
(8.2)
(7.8)
(13.3)
* Detailed components of activities (87) are presented in Table 1A-4.
* ( ) = Numbers in parentheses are standard deviations.
Source: Hill, 1985.
Table 14-148. Percent Responses of Children's "Play" (activities) Locations in Maryvale, Arizona'
Location
Residential Yards
School Playgrounds
Parks and Recreation Areas
Commercial
Industrial
Institutional
Streets
Alleys
Parking Lots
Vacant Luts/Canals/Relds
Preschool
n = 2ll
I43k
0
42
2
0
1
3
1
0
1
Percent Responses
Primary Grades (K-3)
n = 45
124'
53
53
24
0
2
24
2
9
7
Intermediate Grades (44)
n = 66
132'
52
33
27
2
0
41
9
9
8
Ranting of Children's "Play-
Locations*
Residential (Own and Others)
Parks and Recreation Areas
Streel/Paih/Alley
Natural/Vacant Areas
School
Institutional
Commercial
Parking Lots
Child Built Places
Water
Industrial
* Survey was conduned in Maryvale (West Central Phoenix), Arizona
* Percentages greater than 100, because many children played in more than one location
* Ranking of children's activity locations were obtained from other literature sources.
Source: Sell, 1989.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-157
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 -Activity Factors
Table 14-149. Occupational Tenure of Employed Individuals' by Age and Sex
AEE Group (years)
16-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64 •
65-69
70 and older
Total
Median Tenure (years)
All Workers Men
1.9
4.4
6.9
9.0
10,7
13.3
15.2
17.7
19.4
20.1
21.9
6.6
2.0
4.6
7.6
10.4
13.8
17.5
20.0
21.9
23.9
26.9
30.5
7.9
Women
1.9
4.1
6.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
10.8
12.4
14,5
15,6
18.8
5.4
" Working population - 109.1 million persons
Source: Carey, 1988.
Table 14-150. Occupational Tenure for Employed Individuals* Grouped by Sex and Race
Race Ail Individuals
White 6.7
Black 5.8
Hispanic 4.5
* Working population = 109.1 million persons.
Source: Carey, 1988.
Page
14-158
Median Tenure (Years)
Men Women
8.3 5.4
5.8 5.8
5.1 3.7
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-151. Occupational Tenure for Employed Individuals* Grouped by Sex and Employment Slants
Employment Status
Full-Time
Part-Time
AH Individuals
7.2 ,
3.1
Median Tenure (Years)
Men
8.4
2.4
Women
5.9
3.6
*, Working population = 109.9 million persons.
Source: Carey, 1988.
Table 14-152. Occupational Tenure of Employed Individuals* Grouped by Major Occupational Group* and Age
Median Tenure (years)
Occupational Group
Executive, Administrative, and Managerial
Professional Specialty
Technicians and Related Support
Salei Occupations
Administrative Support, including Clerical
Service Occupations
Precision Production, CtaA, ami Repair
Operators, Fabricators, and Laborers
Farming, Forestry, and Fishing
Age Group
Total'
8.4
.9.6
6.9
5.1
5.4
4.1
9.3
5.5
10.4
16-24
2.4
2.0
2.2
1.7
2.1
1.7
2.6
1.7
2.9
25-34
5.6
5.7
5.7
4.7
5.0
4.4
7.1
4.6
7.9
35-44
10.1
12.0
10.9
7.7
7.6
6.9
13.5
9.1
13.S
45-54
15.1
18.2
17.7
10.5
10.9
9.0
19.9
13.7
20.7
55-64
17.9
25.6
20.8
15.5
14.6
10.6
25.7
18.1
30.5
65+
26.3
36.2
22.2
21.6
15.4
10.4
30.1
14.7
39.8
* Working population «• 109.1 million persons.
' Includes all workers 16 yean and older
Source: Carey, 1988.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-159
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-153. Voluntary Occupational Mobility Rates for Workers* Age 16 Years and Older
Age Group (years) Occupational Mobility Rate*
_______^__ (Percent!
16-24 12.7
2S-34 6.6
35-44 4.0
45-54 1.9
55-64 1.0
64 and older 0.3
Total, age 16 and older 5.3
• Working population = 109.1 million persons.
* Occupational mobility rale ** percentage of persons employed in an occupation who had voluntarily entered
it ftom another occupation.
Source: Carey, 1990.
Table 14-154. Values «nd Tlteir Standard Errors for Avenge Total Retkience Time, T, for Eich Group in Survey*
Avenge Mai
residence
tune S»
HouMhoidi
All IxNiuhuUi
Renters
Ownen
Factns
Urban
Rural
Northeast region
MidwcX region
South re{iai
We«t rcgtoo
T
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-155. Total Residence Tim:, I (years). Corres|x>n
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-163. Confidence in Activity Patterns Recommendations (continued)
Considerations
Rationale
Rating
TIME SPENT IN A VEHICLE
Level of peer review
Accessibility
Rcproducibility
Focus on factor of
in 1C rat
Data pertinent to US
Primary data
Currency
Adequacy of data
collection period
Validity of approach
Study size
Representativeness of
the population
Characterization of
variability
Lack of bias in study
design (high rating is
desirable)
Measurement error
* Number of studies
* Agreement between
researchers
Orerall Rating
Study received high level of peer review. High
The study is widely available to the public. High
The rcproducibility of these studies is left to question. Evidence has shown that Medium
activities have tended to shift over the past decade since the studies were
published, due to economic conditions, technological developments, etc. Thus,
it is assumed there would be differences in reproducing these results.
The study focused specifically focused on time spent in vehicle. High
Studies focused on the U.S. population and California. High
Robinson's study analyzed data from two primary studies, thus it secondary data. High
The studies were published in 1985 (data was collected 1981-1982), 1987, 1991 Medium
(data was collected 1987-1990) and 1992.
In one study, households were sampled 4 times during 3 month intervals from High
February to December, 1981. Robinson's data was based on 1) the CARS Study
where data was collected October 1937 to August 1988; and 2) the National
Study where data was collected January through December 198S.
The approach used to collect primary data was based on diary entries recorded High
the previous day with follow-up telephone interviews. Another study collected
time diary dam via mailback of questionnaires, telephone interview*. 'Matlback'
surveys were based on the 'tomorrow approach* where person knew they were
to record in diaries in advance.
The study sizes ranged from 922 to 5,000 depending on the sub-group High
considered.
The studies are representative of the US population and California State. High
Variability was characterized by age, gender, and day of the week. There was Medium
no mention of race and no socio-economic characterizations made.
Both studies lacked time distributions and were based on short-term data. CARS Medium
data was based recall, is limited to California's population, and only considered
English speaking households.
Measurement or recording error may occur when diaries were based on 24 hr Medium
recall.
One secondary study analyzing two primary studies Medium
Similar activity patterns were found in both studies. High
Medium
Page
14-166
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-163. Confidence in Activity Patterns Recommendations (continued)
Considerations
TIME SPENT BATHING
• Level of peer review
* Accessibility
« Reproducibility
« Focus on factor of
interest
* Data pertinent to US
• Primary data
« Currency
• Adequacy of data
collection period
» Validity of approach
* Study size
* Representativeness oi
Rationale
AND SHOWERING
Study received high level of peer review.
The study is available to the public.
Results are reproducible.
The study focused specifically focused on time spent showering.
Studies focused on Australian population.
Study was based on primary data.
The study was published in 1987.
Can not ascertain.
Water use diaries were collected. Every time subject used water a questionnaire
card was filled out.
Study size was 3,000 households.
" Data was not directly based on U.S. population but is assumed to be
Rating
High
High
High
High
Low
High
Medium
Not
Ranked
High
High
Medium
the population
* Characterization of
variability
• Lack of bias in study
design (high rating is
desirable)
• Measurement error
fhhw
representative of the U.S. population.
Study characterized variability and provides a distribution on showering High
duration.
Based on Australian population and does not consider race or socio-economic Low
data characterization.
The study was well designed; measurement error is expected to be low High
* Number of studies
* Agreement between
researchers
Overall Rating
One
Recommendation
is based on only one study but it is a widely accepted study.
Low
High
Medium
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-167
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-163. Confidence in Activity Patterns Recommendations (continued)
Considerations
Rationale
Rating
TIME SPENT BATHING
»CltiHj- Flrmrnl*
• Level of peer review
* Accessibility
Reproducibilily
Focus on ftctor of
interest
Data pertinent to US
Primary data
Currency
Adequacy of data
collection period
Validity of approach
Study size
Representativeness of
the population
Characterization of
variability
Lick of bias in study
design (high rating is
desirable)
Measurement error
• Number of studies
* Agreement between
researchers
Overall Rating
Study received high level of peer review. High
Currently, raw data is available to only EPA. It is nol known when data will be Low
publicly available.
Results can be reproduced or methodology can be followed and evaluated High
provided comparable economic and lociai conditions exists.
The survey collected information on duration and frequency of selected activities High
and time spent in selected micro-environments.
The data represents the U.S. population High
Study was based on primary data. High
The study was published in 1996. High
Data was collected between October 1992 and September 1994. High
The study used a valid methodology and approach which, in addition to 24-hour High
diaries, collected information on temporal conditions and demographic data such
as geographic location and socioeconomic status for various U.S. subgroups.
Responses were weighted according to this demographic data.
The study consisted of 9.386 total participants High
Studies were based on the U.S. population. High
The study provided data that varied across geographic region, race, gender. High
employment status, educational level, day of the week, seasonal conditions, and
medical conditions of respondent..
The study includes distributions for bathing duration. Study is based on short Medium
term data.
Measurement or recording error may occur when diaries were based on 24-hour Medium
recall.
One; the study was based on one, primary, national study. Low
Recommendation was based on only one study. Not
Ranked
____ High
Page
14-168
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-163. Confidence in Activity Patterns Recommendations (continued)
Considerations
Rationale
Rating
SHOWER AND BATHING FREQUENCY
Study P!l<*tiii»nts
* Level o f peer review
* Accessibility
* Reproducibility
• Focus on factor of
interest
* Data pertinent to US
• Primary data
• Currency
* Adequacy of data
collection period
• Validity of approach
* Study size
* Representativeness of
the population
• Characterization of
variability
• Lack of bias in study
design (high rating is
desirable)
• Measurement error
Other FlpmpnK
• Number of studies
* Agreement between
researchers
Overall Rating
Study received high level of peer review.
Currently, raw data is available to only EPA. It is not known when data will be
publicly available.
Results can be reproduced or methodology can be followed and evaluated
provided comparable economic and social conditions exists.
The survey collected information on duration and frequency of selected activities
and time spent in selected micro-environments.
The data represents the U.S. population
Study was based on primary data.
The study was published in 1996.
Data was collected between October 1992 and September 1994.
The study used a valid methodology and approach which, in addition to 24-hour
diaries, collected information on temporal conditions and demographic data such
as geographic location and sociocconomic status for various U.S. subgroups.
Responses were weighted according to this demographic data.
The study consisted of 9,386 total participants
Studies were based on the U.S. population.
The study provided data that varied across geographic region, race, gender,
employment status, educational level, day of the week, seasonal conditions, and
medical conditions of respondent..
Study is based on short term data..
Measurement or recording error may occur when diaries were based on 24-hour
recall.
One; the study was based on one, primary, national study.
Recommendation was based on only one study.
High
Low
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Not
Ranked
High
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-169
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-163. Confidence in Activity Patterns Recommendations (continued)
Considerations
Rationale
Rating
TIME SPENT SWIMMING
Study _El>mwit»
• Level of peer review
• Accessibility
» Reproducibility
• Focus on factor of
interest
• Data pertinent to US
• Prinury data
• Currency
* Adequacy of data
collection period
• Validity of approach
• Study size
• Representativeness of
the population
• Characterization of
variability
• Lack of bias in study
design (high rating is
desinble)
* Measurement error
• Number of studies
* Agreement between
researcher!
Orenn Kiting
Study received high level of peer review.
Currently, raw data is available to only EPA. It is not known when data will be
publicly available.
Results can be reproduced or methodology can be followed Mid evaluated
provided comparable economic and social conditions exists.
The survey collected information on duration and frequency of selected activities
and time spent in selected micro-environments.
The data represents the U.S. population
Study was based on primary data.
The study was published in 1996.
Data was collected between October 1992 and September 1994.
The study used a valid methodology and approach which, in addition to 24-hour
diaries, collected information on temporal conditions and demographic data such
as geographic location and sociocconomic status for various U.S. subgroups.
Responses were weighted according to this demographic data.
The study consisted of 9,386 total participants
Studies were based on the U.S. population.
The study provided data that varied across geographic region, race, gender,
employment status, educational level, day of the week, seasonal conditions, and
medical conditioni of respondent..
The study includes distributions for swimming duration. Study is based on short
term data.
Measurement or recording error may occur when diaries were based on 24-hour
recall.
One; the study was based on one, primary, national study.
Recommendation was based on only one study.
High
Low
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Not
Ranked
High
Page
14-170
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-163. Confidence in Activity Patterns Recommendations (continued)
Considerations
Rationale
Rating
RESIDENTIAL TIME SPENT INDOORS AND OUTDOORS
Level of peer review
Accessibility
Rcproducibility
Focus on factor of
interest
Data pertinent to US
Primary data
Currency
Adequacy of data
collection period
Validity of approach
Study size
Representativeness of
the population
Characterization of
variability
Lack of bias in study
design (high rating is
desirable)
Measurement error
* Number of studies
* Agreement between
researchers
Overall Rating
Study received high level of peer review.
Currently, raw data is available to only EPA. It is not known when data will be
publicly available.
Results can be reproduced or methodology can be followed and evaluated
provided comparable economic and social conditions exists.
The survey collected information on duration and frequency of selected activities
and time spent in selected micro-environments.
The data represents the U.S. population
Study was based on primary data.
The study was published in 1996.
Data was collected between October 1992 and September 1994.
The study used a valid methodology and approach which, in addition to 24-hour
diaries, collected information on temporal conditions and demographic data luch
as geographic location and sociocconomtc status for various U.S. subgroups.
Responses were weighted according to this demographic data.
The study consisted of 9,386 total participants
Studies were based on the U.S. population.
The study provided data that varied across geographic region, race, gender,
employment status, educational level, day of the week, seasonal conditions, and
medical conditions of respondent..
The study includes distribitions for time spent indoors and outdoors at ones
residence. Study is based on short term data.
Measurement or recording error may occur when diaries were based on 24-hour
recall.
One; the study was based on one, primary, national study.
Recommendation was based on only one study.
High
Low
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Low
Not
Ranked
High
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-171
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14-Activity Factors
Table 14-164. Confidence in Occupational Mobility Recommendations
Considerations Rationale Rating
Level of peer review
Accessibility
Rcproducibility
Focus on factor of
interest
Data pertinent to US
Primary data
Currency
Adequacy of data
collection period
Validity of approach
Study size
Representativeness of
the population
Characterization of
variability
Lack of bias in study
design (high rating ii
desirable)
Measurement error
Number of studies
Agreement between
researchers
OyertU Rating
Studies received high level of peer review High
Studies are widely available to the public. High
If the data were re-collected in the same fashion, it is questionable whether the Medium
results would be the same based on changes in the economy that have occurred
since study was conducted (more than 10 years ago). If the same data were
analyzed according to the design of the study then it is expected the results
would be the same.
Occupational tenure was the focus of both key studies. High
The data represents the U.S. population. High
The two studies are secondary data sources since (hey are baled on supplemental Medium
data to the January 1987 Current Population Study (a U.S. Census publication).
The studies were published in 1988 (data was collection in 1987) and 1990 (data Medium
collected from 1986-1987).
Studies are based on census data, which is collected over a period of yean. One High
study analyzed data for January 1987. The remaining study based data between
& January 1986 and January 1987 time frame.
Studies used a valid methodologies and approaches. High
Study size for one is 109 Million; the remaining study's sample size was 100.1 High
Million.
Data was representative of the U.S. population. High
The studies provided avenged data according to gender, race, and education; High
age averages and pcrccntiles were provided.
Much of the original study data is not available. Only median values are Medium
reported.
There is no apparent error in measurement High
Two Medium
Difficult; to compare between the number of years worked on a job and entry Not
verses exit rate of various occupations. One set of data was recorded in number Ranked
of yean. The other set of data was recorded as a percent motUity rate and
grouped by age.
High
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-165. Confidence in Population Mobility Recommendations
Considerations
Sfiicfy Flpmcntc
» Level of peer review
• Accessibility
* Reproducibility
• Focus on iactor of
interest
* Data pertinent to US
• Primary data
* Currency
• Adequacy of data
collection period
• Validity of approach
Rationale
The studies received high levels of peer review and appear in publications.
The studies are widely available to the public.
Results can be reproduced or methodology can be followed and evaluated.
The Census data provided length of time at current. Two of the studies used
modeling to estimate total time.
The data is based on the U.S. population
Two studies based results on modeled data and one based results on interviews.
The reports were published in 1992 (based on data collected in 1985-1987) and
1993 (based on data collected from 1939 and 1994 (projected) .
The collection period was based on data collected over several years.
There are some concerns regarding the validity of approach. Data does not
Rating
High
High .
High
Medium
High
Medium
Medium
High
Medium
• Study size
• Representativeness of
the population
* Characterization of
variability
* Lack of bias in study
design (high rating is
desirable)
• Measurement error
Other Flcrni-ntt
* Number of studies
* Agreement between
researchers
Overall Rating
account for each member of the household, values are more realistic estimates
for the individual's total residence time, than the average time a household has
been living at its current residence. The moving process was modeled. In
another study data was assumed to have an even distribution within the different
ranges which may bias the 50th and 90th percentiles.
The study size ranged from 15,000 to 500, 000.
Studies were based on the U.S. population.
Variability across several geographic regions was noted. Type of ownership was
also addressed. One study provided data grouped by race.
Mentioned above in validity of approach section.
There is no apparent error in measurement.
Three
The studies produced very similar results.
High
High
Medium
Not
Ranked
High
High
High
Medium
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14-173
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Volume ill - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14-166. Summary of Recommended Value* for Activity Ficton
Type
Value
Study
Indoor Activities
Outdoor Activities
Time Spent Inside
VeWsk
Ttfcing Baths
TaWnj Showers
Occupational Tenure
Population Mobility
Swimming
Residential
Indeed
Outdoors
(igei 3*11)
19 hr/day (weekdays)
17 hr/day (weekends)
(ages 12 >nd older)
21 hr/day
S hr/diy (weekdays)
7 br/dsy (weekends)
Arluh.
1.5 hr/day
1.3 hr/day
20 minutes/event
73 min/day shower duration
1 shower event/day
6.6 yrs (16 years and older)
Average: 9 yr
95th percentile: 30 yr
I event/month
60 minutes/event
16.4 hr/day
2 hr/day
Timrner, 1985 -Key study
Timmer, 1985 -Key study
Robinion and Thomas, 1991 - Kay study
Timmer, 1985 -Key atudy
Timmer, 1985 -Key study
Robinion and Thomai, 1991 - Key study
Robinson and Thomas, 1991 - Key study
Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 - Key study
Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 - Key study
James and Knuimin, 1987 - Key study
Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 - Key study
Carey, 1988 - Relevant study
US Bureau of the Census, 1993 - Key study
Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 - Key atudy
Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 - Key study
Page
14-174
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
APPENDIX 14-A
Activity Patterns Codes and Occupational Tenure Data
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 14A-1
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Tune Diaries
WORK AND OTHER INCOME-PRODUCING ACTIVITIES
Paid Work
01 - Normal work: activities at the main job including work brought home, travel that is pan of the job, and
overtime; "working," "at work"
Work at home; work activities for pay done in the home when home is the main workplace (include travel as
above)
02 - Job search; looking for work, including visits to employment agencies, phone calls to prospective employers,
answering want ads
Unemployment benefits; applying for or collecting unemployment compensation
Welfare, food stamps; applying for or collecting welfare, food stamps
05 - Second job; paid work activities that are not part of the main job (use this code only when R* clearly indicates
a second job or "other" job); paid work for those not having main job; garage sales, rental property
06 - Lunch at the workplace; lunch eaten at work, cafeteria, lunchroom when "where" = work (lunch at a
restaurant, code 44; lunch at home, code 43)
Eating, smoking, drinking coffee as a secondary activity while working (at workplace)
07 - Before and/or after work at the workplace; activities at the workplace before starting or after stopping work;
include "conversations," other work. Do not code secondary activities with this primary activity
Other work-related
08 - Coftee breaks and other breaks at the workplace; unscheduled breaks and other nonwork during work hours
at the workplace; "took a break"; "had coffee" (as a primary activity). Do not code secondary activities with
this primary activity
09 - Travel; to and from the workplace when R's travel to and from work were both interrupted by stops; waiting
for related travel
Travel to and from the workplace, including time spent awaiting transportation
HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES
Indoor
10 - Meal preparation: cooking, fixing lunches
Serving food, setting table, putting groceries away, unloading car after grocery shopping
11 - Doing dishes, rinsing dishes, loading dishwasher
Meal cleanup, clearing table, unloading dishwasher
(continued on the following page)
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 14A-3
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
HOUSEHOLD ACTIVITIES (continued)
Indoor (continued)
12 - Miscellaneous, "worked around house." NA if indoor or outdoor - Routine indoor cleaning and chores, picking
up, dusting, making beds, washing windows, vacuuming, "cleaning," "fall/spring cleaning," "hoasework"
14 • Laundry and clothes care - wash
Laundry and clothes care - iron, fold, mending, putting away clothes ("Sewing" code 84)
16 - Repairs indoors; fixing, repairing appliances
Repairs indoors; fixing, repairing furniture
Repairs indoors; fixing, repairing furnace, plumbing, painting a room
17 - Care ofhouseplants
19 - Other indoor, NA whether cleaning or repair; "did things in house"
Outdoor
13 • Routine outdoor cleaning and chores; yard work, raking leaves, mowing grass, garbage removal, snow
shoveling, putting on storm windows, cleaning garage, cutting wood
16 - Repair, maintenance, exterior; fixing repairs outdoors, painting the house, fixing the roof, repairing the
driveway (patching)
Home improvements: additions to and remodeling done to the house, garage; new roof
Improvement to grounds around house; repaved driveway
17 - Gardening; flower or vegetable gardening; spading, weeding, composting, picking, worked in garden"
19 - Other outdoor; "worked outside," "puttering in garage
MISCELLANEOUS HOUSEHOLD CHORES
16 - Car care; necessary repairs and routine care to cars; tune up
Car maintenance; changed oil, changed tires, washed cars; "worked on car" except when clearly as a hobby
- (code 83)
17 - Pet care; care of household pets including activities with pets; playing with the dog; walking the dog; (caring
for pets of relatives, friends, code 42)
(continued on the following page)
Page Exposure Factors Handbook
14A-4 August 1996
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
MISCELLANEOUS HOUSEHOLD CHORES (continued)
19 - Household paperwork; paying bills, balancing the checkbook, making lists, getting the mail, working on the
budget
Other household chores; (no travel), picking up things at home, e.g., "picked up deposit slips" (relate travel
to purpose)
CHILD CARE
Child Care for Children of Household
20 - Baby care; care to children aged 4 and under
21 - Child care; care to children aged 5*-17
Child care; mixed ages or NA ages of children
22 - Helping/teaching children learn, fix, make things; helping son bake cookies; helping daughter fix bike
Help with homework or supervising homework
23 - Giving children orders or instructions; asking them to help; telling the*i*n to behave
Disciplining child; yelling at kids, spanking children; correcting children's behavior
Reading to child
Conversations with household children only; listening to children
24 - Indoor playing; other indoor activities with children (including games ("playing") unless obviously outdoor
games)
25 - Outdoor playing; outdoor activities with children including sports, walks, biking with, other outdoor games
Coaching/leading outdoor, nonorganizational activities
26 - .Medical care at home or outside home; activities associated with children's health; "took son to doctor," "gave
daughter medicine"
Other Child Care
27 - Babysitting (unpaid) or child care outside R's home or for children not residing in HH
Coordinating or facilitating child's social or instructional nonschool activities; (travel related, code 29)
Other child care, including phone conversations relating to child care other than medical
29 - Travel related to child's social and instructional nonschool activities
Other travel related to child care activities; waiting for related travel
(continued on the following page)
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 14A-5
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
OBTAINING GOODS AND SERVICES
Goods (include phone calls to obtain goods)
30 - Groceries; supermarket, shopping for food
All other shopping for goods; including for clothing, small appliances; at drugstores, hardware stores,
department stores, "downtown" or "uptown," "shopping," "shopping center," buying gas, "window shopping"
31 - Durable household goods; shopping for large appliances, cars, furniture
House, apartment: activities connected to buying, selling, renting, looking for house, apartment, including
phone calls; showing house, including traveling around looking at real estate property (for own use)
Services (include phone conversations to obtain services)
32 - Personal care; beauty, barber shop; hairdressers
33 -, Medical care for self; visits to doctor, dentist, optometrist, including making appointments
34 • Financial services; activities related to taking care of financial business; going to the bank, paying utility bills
(not by mail), going to accountant, tax office, loan agency, insurance office
Other government services: post office, driver's license, sporting licenses, marriage licenses, police station
35 - Auto services; repair and other auto services including waiting for such services
Clothes repair and cleaning; cleaners, laundromat, tailor
Appliance repair: including furnace, water heater, electric or battery operated appliances; including watching
repair person
Household repair services: including furniture; other repair services NA type; including watching repair person
37 - Other professional services; lawyer, counseling (therapy)
Picking up food at a takeout place - no travel
Other services, "going to the dump"
38 - Errands; "running errands," NA whether for goods or services; borrowing goods
39 - Related travel; travel related to obtaining goods and services and/or household activities except 31; waiting
for related travel
PERSONAL NEEDS AND CARE
Care to Self
40 - Washing, showering, bathing
Dressing; getting ready, packing and unpacking clothes, personal hygiene, going to the bathroom
(continued on the following page)
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
PERSONAL NEEDS AND CARE (continued)
Care to Self (continued)
41 - Medical care at home to self
43 - Meals at home; including coffee, drinking, smoking, food from a restaurant eaten at home, "breakfast,"
"lunch"
44 - Meals away from home; eaten at a friend's home (including coffee, drinking, smoking)
Meals away from home, except at workplace (06) or at friend's home (44); eating at restaurants, out for coffee
45 - Night sleep; longest sleep for day; (may occur during day for night shift workers) including "in bed," but not
asleep
46 - Naps and resting; rest periods, "dozing," "laying down" (relaxing code 98)
48 - Sex, making out
Personal, private; "none of your business"
Affection between household members; giving and getting hugs, kisses, sitting on laps
Help and Care to Others
41 - Medical care to adults in household (HH)
42 - Nonmedical care to adults in HH; routine nonmedical care to adults in household; "got my wife up," "ran a
bath for my husband"
Help and care to relatives not living in HH; helping care for, providing for needs of relatives; (except travel)
helping move, bringing food, assisting in emergencies, doing housework for relatives; visiting when sick
Help and care to neighbors, friends
Help and care to others, NA relationship to respondent
Other Personal and Helping
48 - Other personal; watching personal care activities
49 - Travel (helping); travel related to code 42, including travel that is the helping activity; waiting for related travel
Other personal travel; travel related to other personal care activities; waiting for related travel; travel, NA
purpose of trip - e.g., "went to Memphis" (no further explanation given)
(continued on the following page)
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
50 - Student (nail-rime); attending classes, school if full-time student; includes daycare, nursery school for children
not in school
51 • Other classes, courses, lectures, academic or professional; R not a fuli-time student or NA whether a student;
being tutored
54 Homework, studying, research, reading, related to classes or profession, except for current job (code 07);
"went to llie library"
56 • Other education
59 - Other school-related travel; travel related to education coded above; waiting for related travel; travel to school
not originating from home
ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Volunteer, Helping Organizations: hospital volunteer group, United Fund, Red Cross, Big Brother/Sister
63 • Attending meetings of volunteer, helping organizations
Officer work; work as an officer of volunteer, helping organizations; R must indicate he/she is an officer to
be coded here
Fund raising activities as a inanber of volunteer helping organization, collecting money, planning a collection
drive
Direct help to individuals or groups as a member of volunteer helping organizations; visiting, bringing food,
driving
Other activities as a member of volunteer helping organizations, including social events and meals
Religioas Practice
65 - Attending services of a church or synagogue, including participating in the service; ushering, singing in choir,
leading youth group, going to church, funerals
Individual practice; religious practice carried out as an individual or in a small group; praying, meditating,
Bible study group (not a church), visiting graves
Religious Groups
64 - Meetings: religious helping groups; attending meetings of helping - oriented church groups -ladies aid circle,
missionary society. Knights of Columbus
Other activities; religious helping groups; other activities as a member of groups listed above, including social
activities and meals
(continued on the following page)
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES (continued)
Religious Groups (continued)
Meetings: other church groups; attending meetings of church group, not primarily helping-oriented, or NA
if helping-oriented
Other activities, other church groups; other activities as a member of church groups that are not
helping-oriented or NA if helping, including social activities and meals; choir practice; Bible class
Professional/Union Organizations: State Education Association; AFL-CIO; Teamsters
60 - Meetings; professional/union; attending meetings of professional or union groups
Other activities, professional/union; other activities as a member of professional or union group including
social activities and meals
Child/Youth/Famiiy Organizations: PTA, PTO; Boy/Girl Scouts; Little Leagues; YMCA/YWCA; school volunteer
67 - Meetings, family organizations; attending meetings of child/youth/family*-oriented organizations
Other activities, family organizations; other activities as a member of child/youth/family-oriented organizations
including social activities and meals
Fraternal Organizations: Moose, VFW, Kiwanis, Lions, Civitan, Chamber of Commerce, Shriners, American
Legion
66 - Meetings, fraternal organizations; attending meetings of fraternal organizations
Other activities, fraternal organizations; other activities as a member of fraternal organizations including social
activities and helping activities and meals
Political Party and Civic Participation: Citizens' groups, Young Democrats, Young Republicans, radical political
groups, civic duties
62 - Meetings, political/citizen organizations; attending meetings of a political party or citizen group, including city
council
- , Other activities, political/citizen organizations; other participation in political party and citizens' groups,
including social activities, voting, jury duty, helping with elections, and meals
Special Interest/Identity Organizations (including groups based on sex, race, national origin); NOW; NAACP;
Polish-American Society; neighborhood, block organizations; CR groups; senior citizens; Weight Watchers
61 - Meetings: identify organizations; attending meetings of special interest, identity organizations
Other activities, identity organizations; other activities as a member of a special interest, identity organization,
including social activities and meals
(continued on the following page)
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August 1996 14A-9
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES (continued)
Other Miscellaneous Qrganizatioas, do not fit above
68 - Otter organizations; any activities as a member of an organization not fitting into above categories; (meetings
and other activities included here) Travel Related to Organizational Activities
69 • Travel related to organizational activities as a member of a volunteer (helping) organization (code 63);
including travel that is the helping activity, waiting for related travel
Travel (other organization-related); travel related to all other organization activities; waiting for related travel
ENTERTAINMENT/SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
Attending Spectacles, Events
70 • Spons; attending sports events - football, basketball, hockey, etc,
71 Miscellaneous spectacles, events: circus, fairs, rock concerts, accidents
72 - Movies; "went to the show"
73 - Theater, opera, concert, ballet
74 - Museums, art galleries, exhibitions, zoos
Socializing
75 - Visiting with others; socializing with people other than R's own HH members either at R's home or another
home (visiting on the phone, code 96); talking/chatting in the context of receiving a visit or paying a visit
76 - Party; reception, weddings
77 - At bar; cocktail lounge, nightclub; socializing or hoping to socialize at bar, lounge
Dancing
78 - Other events; other events or socializing, do not fit above
79 - Related travel; waiting for related travel
(continued on the following page)
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1, Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
SPORTS AND ACTIVE LEISURE
Active Sports
80 - Football, basketball, baseball, volleyball, hockey, soccer, field hockey
Tennis, squash, racquetball, paddleball
Golf, miniature golf
- Swimming, waterskiing
Skiing, ice skating, sledding, roller skating
Bowling; pool, ping-pong, pinbali
Frisbee, catch
Exercises, yoga (gymnastics - code 86)
Judo, boxing, wrestling
Out of Doors
81 - Hunting
Fishing
Boating, sailing, canoeing
Camping, at the beach
Snowmobiling, dune-buggies
Gliding, ballooning, flying
Excursions, pleasure drives (no destination), rides with the family
Picnicking
Walking. Biking
82 - Walking for pleasure
Hiking
Jogging, running
Bicycling
Motorcycling
Horseback riding
Hobbies
83 - Photography
Working on cars - not necessarily related to their running; customizing, painting
Working on or repairing leisure time equipment (repairing the boat, "sorting out fishing tackle")
Collections, scrapbooks
Carpentry and woodworking (as a hobby)
(continued on the following page)
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Volume lit - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
SPORTS AND ACTIVE LEISURE (continued)
Domestic Crafts
84 - Preserving foodstuffs (canning, pickling)
Knitting, needlework, weaving, crocheting (including classes), crewel, embroidery, quilting, quilling,
niacrame
Sewing
Care of animals/livestock when R is not a farmer (pets, code 17; "farmer", code 01, work)
An and Literature
85 - Sculpture, painting, potting, drawing
Literature, poetry, writing (not letters), writing a diary
Music/Theater/Dance
86 - Playing a musical instrument (include practicing), whistling
Singing
Acting (rehearsal for play)
Nonsocial dancing (ballet, modem dance, body movement)
Gymnastics (lessons - code 88)
Games
87 - Playing card games (bridge, poker)
Playing board games (Monopoly, Yahtzee, etc.), bingo, dominoes
Playing social games (scavenger hunts), "played games" - NA kind
Puzzles
Glasses/Lessons for Active Leisure Activity
88 - Lessons in sports activities: swimming, golf, tennis, skating, roller skating
Lessons in gymnastics, dance, judo, body movement
Lessons in music, singing, instruments
Other lessons, not listed above
Travel
89 - Related travel; travel related to sports and active leisure; waiting for related travel: vacation travel
(continued on the following page)
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
PASSIVE LEISURE
90 - Radio
91 - TV
92
93
94
Records, tapes, "listening to music," listening to others playing a musical instrument
Reading books (current job related, code 07; professionally or class related, code 54)
Reading magazines, reviews, pamphlets
Reading NA what; or other
95 - Reading newspapers
96 - Phone conversations - not coded elsewhere, including all visiting by phone
- Other talking/conversations; face-to-face conversations, not coded elsewhere (if children in HH only, code
23); visiting other than 75
Conversatioas with HH members only - adults only or children and adults
Arguing or fighting with people other than HH members only, household and nonhousehold members, or NA
Arguing or fighting with HH members only
97 - Letters (reading or writing); reading mail
98 - Relaxing
Thinking, planning; reflecting
"doing nothing," "sat"; just sat;
Other passive leisure, smoking dope, pestering, teasing, joking around, messing around; laughing
99 - Related travel: waiting for related travel
MISSING DATA CODES
Activities of others reported - R's activity not specified
NA activities; a time gap of greater than 10 minutes.
EXAMPLES OF ACTIVITIES IN "OTHER" CATEGORIES
Other Work Related
07 - Foster parent activities
(continued on the following page)
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
EXAMPLES OF ACTIVITIES IN "OTHER" CATEGORIES (continued)
Other Household
19 -" Typing
Wrapping presents
Checked refrigerator for shopping list
Unpacked gifts from shower
Packing/unpacking car
"Settled in" after trip
Hooked up boat to car
Showed wife car (R was fixing)
Packing to move
Moved boxes
Looking/searching for things at home (inside or out)
Other Child Care
27 - Waited for son to get hair cut
Picked up nephew at sister's house
"Played with kids" (R's children from previous marriage not living with R)
Called babysitter
Oilier Services
37 - Left clothing at Goodwill
Unloaded furniture (just purchased)
Returned books (at library)
Brought clothes in from car (after laundromat)
Delivered some stuff to a friend
Waited for father to pick up meat
Waited for stores to open
Put away things from swap meet
Sat in car waiting for rain to stop before shopping
Waiting for others while they are shopping
Showing mom what I bought
Other Personal
48 - Waiting to hear from daughter
Stopped at home, NA what for
Getting hysterical
Breaking up a fight (not child care related)
Waited for wife to get up
(continued on the following page)
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Volume HI ~ Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1. Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
EXAMPLES OF ACTIVITIES IN "OTHER" CATEGORIES (continued)
Other Personal (continued)
Waiting for dinner at brother's house
Waiting for plane (meeting someone at airport)
Laughing
- • Crying
Moaning - head hurt
Watching personal care activities ("watched dad shave")
Other Education
56 - Watched a film
In discussion group
Other Organization
68 - Attending "Club House coffee Watch"
Waited for church activities to begin
"Meeting" NA kind
Cleanup after banquet
Checked into swap meet - selling and looking
Other Social. Entertainment
78 - Waiting for movies, other events
Opening presents (at a party)
Looking at gifts
Decorating for party
Tour of a home (friends-or otherwise)
Waiting for date
Preparing for a shower (baby shower)
Unloaded uniforms (for parade)
Other Active Leisure
88 - Fed birds, bird watching
Astrology
Swinging
At park
Showing slides
Showing sketches
(continued on the following page)
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-1, Activity Codes and Descriptors Used For Adult Time Diaries (continued)
EXAMPLES OF ACTIVITIES IN "OTHER" CATEGORIES (continued)
Other Active Leisure (continued)
Recording music
Hung around airport (NA reason)
Picked up fishing gear
Inspecting motorcycle
Arranging flowers
Work on model airplane
Picked asparagus
Picked up sofcball equipment
Registered to play golf
Toured a village or lodge (coded 81)
Other Passive Leisure
98 - Lying in sun
Listening to birds
Looking at slides
Stopped at excavating place
Looking at pictures
Walked around outside
Waiting for a call
Watched plane leave
Girl watching/boy watching
Watching boats
Wasted time
In and out of house
Home movies
* R «= Respondent
HH = Household.
Source: Juster et al., 1983.
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
00-49
00-09 ,
00
01
02
03
04
OS
06
07
08
09
10-19
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20-29
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
Table 14A-2.
NON-FREE TIME
PAID WORK
(nol used)
Main Job
Unemployment
Travel during work
(not used)
Second job
Eating
Before/after work
Breaks
Travel to/from work
HOUSEHOLD WORK
Food Preparation
Meal Cleanup
Cleaning House
Outdoor Cleaning
( 'lollies < "arc
Differences in Average Time Spent in Different Activities Between California
and National Studies (Minutes Per Day for Age 18-64 years)
California
1987-88
(1359)
224
i
8
-
3
6
I
2
28
29
10
21
9
7
Car Repair/Maintenance (by R) 5
Other Repairs (by R)
Flaw Care
Animal Care
Other Household
CHILD CARE
Baby Care
Chad Care
Helping/Teaching
Talking/Reading
Indoor Playing
Outdoor Playing
Medical care - Care
Other Child Care
(At Dry Cleaners)
Travel, Child care
8
3
3
7
3
7
2
1
2
2
*
2
*
4
National
1985
(1980)
211
I
NR
-
3
8
2
2
25
36
11
24
7
li
S
6
5
5
8
8
5
1
1
3
1
1
1
NR
4
California
50-59
50-99
50
51
52
53
54
55-
56
57
58
59
60-69
60
61
62
63
64
6S
66
67
68
69
70-79
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Free Time 1987-8
(1359)
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
Sludcms' Classes
Other Classes
(not used)
(not used)
Homework
Library
Other Education
(not used)
(not used)
Travel, Education
ORGANIZATIONAL ACTIVITIES
Professional/Union
Special Interest
Political/Civic
Voluiaeer/Helping
Kclignm.s C'mmps
Religious IVacticc
Fraternal
Chjld/Youih/Family
Other Organizations
Travel Organizations
3
9
1
-
-
8
*
1
-
-
3
0
*
0
I
1
5
0
1
2
2
National
1985
(1980)
5
3
-
-
7
1
1
-
-
i
1
1
*
I
i
7
#
*
1
4
ENTERTAINMENT/ SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
Sports Events
Entertainment Events
Movies
Theatre
Museums
Visiting
Parties
Bars/Lounges
Other Social
Travel. Events/Social
2
5
2
1
I
26
6
4
»
13
2
1
3
1
*
25
7
6
1
16
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
• Table 14A-2. Differences in Average Time Spent in Different Activities Between California
and National Studies (Minutes Per Day for Age
00-49
30-39
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
3«
39
40-49
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
NR-
* m
Source:
NON'-FREE TIME
OBTAINING GOODS AND
SERVICES
Everyday Shopping
Durable/House Shop
Personal Services
Medical Appointments
Uov'l/Financial Service
Car Repair services
Other Repair services
Oilier Services
Hrraiids
Travel, Goods and Services
PERSONAL NEEDS AND
CARE
Washing, Etc.
Medical Care
Help and Care
Meals At Home
Meals Out
Night Steep
Naps/Day Sleep
Dressing, Etc.
NA Activity
Travel. Personal Care/NA
Not Recorded in National
Survey
1x3$ tlian 0.5 Min. per day
Rdwwwi and Thomas. 1991 .
California
1987-88
(1359)
8
19
1
2
3
2
*
2
#
24
21
3
3
44
27
480
16
24
2
22
National
1985
(1980)
5
20
I
2
->
1
1
2
1
20
25
1
4
50
20
469
16
32
12
13
50-59
80-89
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
8$
89
90-99
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
18-64 years) (continued)
Free Time.
RECREATION
Aclive Sports
Outdoor
Walking/Hiking
Hobbies
Domestic Crafts
Art
Music/ Drama/Dance
Games
Computer Use/Other
Travel. Recreation
COMMUNICATION
Radio
TV
Records/Tapes
Read Books
Reading Magazines/Other
Reading Newspaper
Conversations
Writing
Think, Relax
Travel. Communication
Total Travel
(Codes 09, 29, 39, 49, 59,
69. 79. 89. 99)
California
1987-88
(1359)
15
3
5
1
3
#
3
5
3
5
1.
130
3
4
16
11
15
8
9
5
108
National
1985
(1980)
13
7
4
1
6
I
2
7
3
6
3
126
1
7
10
9
25
9
6
i*
90
Page
14A-18
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August 1996
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table I4A-3. Tinic Spent in Various Micro-c-nviroiuncras
Men
Mean duration
Women
Total*
Code Description
N = 639
California
N = 914
National
N = 720
California
N = 1059
National
N = 1980
California
N = 1359
National
AT HOME
Kitchen
Living Room
Dining Room
Bathroom
Bedroom
Study
Garage
Basement
Utility Room
Pool, Spa
Yard
Room to Room
Other NR Room
Total at home
AWAY FROM
Office
Plant
Grocery Store
Shopping Mall
School
46
181
18
27
481
8
14
<0.5
1
1
33
9
3
822
HOME
78
73
12
30
25
Other I'ublic Places 18
Hospital
Restaurant
Bar-Night Club
Church
Indoor Gym
Other's Home
Auto Repair
Playground
Hotel-Motel
Dry Cleaners
Beauty Parlor
Other Locations
Other Indoor
Other Outdoor
Total away
from home
9
35
IS
7
4
60
IS
16
7
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table. J4A-3. Time Spent in Various Micro-environments (continued)
Code Description
TRAVEL
Car
Van/Truck
Walking
Bus Stop
Bus
Rapid Train
Other Travel
Airplane
Bicycle
Motorcycle
Other or Missing
Total travel
Not ascertained
Men
N = 639 N = 914
California National
76
30 86
10
<0.5
6
1
2
1 15
1
2
1
130 101
1 8
N = 720
California
77
11
8
1
2
-
1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0,5
102
4
Total Time Outdoors --
Mean duration
Women
N = 1059 N = 1980
National California
76
77 20
9
1
4
1
1
10 1
1
1
1
87 116
7 2
88
Total'
N = 1359
National
„
88
2
-
3
1
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-4. Major Time Use Activity Categories*
Activity code
Activity
01-09
10-19
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-69
70-79
80-89
90-99
Market work
House/yard work
Child care
Services/shopping
Personal care
Education
Organizations
Social entertainment
Active leisure
Passive leisure
* Appendix Table 14A-3 presents a detailed explanation of the coding and activities.
Source: Hill, 1985.
Exposure Factors Handbook
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-S.
Mean Time Spent fmiiis/day) for 87 Activities Grouped by Day of the Week
Weekday
N=831
Activity
OI-Nwmal Work
02-l*ncrtiplqyiiicnt Acts
05-SccoiiJ Ji*
06-1. uiich At Work
07-I!efote/After Work
OK-Giflcc Breaks
09- Travel: To/From Work
10-Mcat Preparation
li-Mc»l Cleanup
12-lndoor Cleaning
13-Outdoor Cleaning
14-Laundry
16-Rcpa in/Maintenance
17-Cardcn/Pet Care
19-Other Household
20-Baby Care
21-Child Care
22-Helptflg/Tc*ching
23-Reading/TaIking
24-lratoor Playing
25-Outdoor Playing
26-McdicaI Care-Child
27-nabyshting/OUier
29-Tnivc!: CliiWCare
30-Evtiyday Shopping
31-Durable/House Shop
32-Penonal Care Services
33-MoJtcjl Appointments
34-Gov't/HnaneiaI Services
3S-Ecpair Services
37-CXher Services
38-Emnds
39-Trtvel: Goods/Services
40- Washing/Dressing
41-Mcdkal Care R/HH Adults
42-He!p&Carc
43-Me»ls At Home
44-Mcals Out
45-Nigl* Sleep
46-N'»ps/Resting
48-N.A. Activities
49-Travdr Personal
SO-Stwfcnts* Classes
51-Other Classes
Mean
240,54
0.98
3.76
10.00
3.51
5.05
24.03
42.18
12.48
26.37
7.48
13.35
9.61
8.52
6,26
6.29
6.26
1.36
2.47
1.75
0.73
0.64
2.93
4.18
19.73
0.58
1.93
3.43
1.90
1.33
1.13
0.74
17.93
44.03
0.77
8.43
53.45
19.55
468.49
22.07
7.52
14.87
6.33
2.65
Std. Dev.
219.10
9.43
25.04
15.81
10.05
11.53
30,37
46.59
19.25
43.84
25.45
30.39
35.43
25.15
20.62
22.91
16.34
8.28
8.65
8.72
6.33
7.42
14.56
10.97
30.28
4.83
10.04
14.49
6.07
7.14
7.17
8.03
23.58
29.82
6.19
28.17
35.57
31.20
79,42
43.92
22.32
27.76
33.79
17.92
Saturday
N=831
Mean
82.43
0.00
2.84
1.82
1.45
1.59
7.74
40.37
12.07
38.88
15.71
11.48
17.36
14.75
9.82
5.89
5.38
0.23
1.71
0.90
1.23
0.16
2.16
1.71
33.52
1.46
3.42
0.60
0.66
1.25
1.55
0.35
21.61
44.25
1.29
12.19
57.86
31.13
498,40
30.67
11.72
19.33
0.96
0.40
Std. Dev.
184.41
0.00
32.64
7.88 '
9.79
7.32
22.00
59.82
22.96
80.39
58.00
31.04
72.50
49.17
37.58
30.72
21.58
3.64
10,84
7.82
13.03
2.79
19.11
8.72
61.38
14.04
18.94
6.63
4.34
10.24
9.57
5.27
36.35
41.20
15.90
52.58
49.25
56.03
115.55
74.98
41.61
50.42
18.17
11.52
Sunday
N=S31
Mean
46.74
0.00
2,65
1.43
1.66
0.93
4.60
42.38
13.97
21.73
9.01
7.79
13.56
8.47
7.60
6.26
7.09
0.76
1.53
2.45
0.91
0.44
3.28
2.08
10,13
1.65
0.02
0.00
0.03
0.52
0.72
0.04
8.45
47.54
1.45
14.32
61.84
25.95
528.86
27.56
8.18
18.58
0.96
0.27
Std. Dev,
139.71
0.00
27,30
8,29
13,76
8.52
17.55
57.42
25.85
48.70
39.39
25.43
62.12
37.54
32.17
33.78
23.15
6,52
9.97
15.11
10.30
7.20
24.89
10.56
30.18
17.92
0.69
0.00
0.43
5.61
4.34
1.04
21.64
40.15
29.18
55.13
49.27
47.60
115.84
66.01
35.79
46.36
20.07
5.63
Page
14A-22
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-5. Mean Time Spem (mins/day) for 87 Activities Grouped by Day of the Week (continued)
Weekday
N=S31
Aetivitv
54-Homcwork
56-Other Education
50-Travcl: Education
60- Professional/Union Orgs.
61 -Identity Organizations
62- Political/Citizen Orgs
63- Volunteer/Helping Orgs
64-teligious Groups
65-Religious Practice
66-Fraternal Organizations
67-Child/Family Organizations
68-Other Organizaiions
69-Traves: Organizations
70-Sport Events
7l-Miscellaneous Events
72- Movies
73-Theater
74- Museums
75-Visiling w/Others
76-Parties
77-Bars/Lounges
78-Other Events
79-Travel: Events/Social
80- Active Sports
81 -Outdoors
82-Walking/Biking
83-Hobbies
84-Domestic Crafts
85- Art/Literature
86-Music/Drarna/Dancc
87-Games
88-Classes/Other
89-Travel: Active Leisure
90- Radio
91-TV
92-Records/Tapes
93-Reading Books
94-Reading Magazines/N.A.
95-Reading Newspapers
96-Conversations
97-Letters
98-Othcr Passive Leisure
99-1 ravel: Passive Ixisurc
Mean
4,56
0,53
2.29
0,51
1,53
0.14
1.08
2.96
4.98
0.85
1.70
3.91
3.41
2,22
0.32
1.65
0.69
0.19
33.14
2.81
3.62
1,39
8.90
5.30
5.11
2.08
1.78
11.18
0.99
0.45
5.06
2.65
3.31
2.89
113.01
2.58
4.41
13.72
12.03
18.68
2,83
9.72
1.26
Std. Dev.
24.35
5.91
10.36
7.27
11.19
1.25
10.08
17.33
19.92
9.28
11.69
22.85
9.83
13.45
4.89
11.03
7.13
3.32
51.69
16.49
18.07
11.55
16.19
19.60
33.00
9.70
11.73
37.03
10.84
4.91
22.91
15.83
14.77
12.19
103.89
20.26
18.09
31.73
22.65
28.59
12.23
25.02
5.44
Saturday
N=831
Mean
3.48
0.15
0.35
0.13
1.24
0.07
0.02
3.05
7.13
1.73
1.04
1.31
2.66
6.29
1.94
4.74
2.66
0.90
56.78
12.63
7.23
1.33
19.55
9.23
11.58
5.87
3.20
8.67
0.86
0.83
10.14
2.56
8.50
3.53
118.99
2.40
2.76
16.33
12.19
15.45
1.61
17.24
1.32
Std. Dev.
27.98
2.75
4.26
3.64
35.63
1.91
0.45
27.73
30.12
27.71
17.83
20.28
12.22
42.05
19.90
27.04
27.79
13.62
95.61
56.11
35.09
15.52
43.38
43.69
55.07
36.38
32.43
40.49
13.59
8.83
45.11
29.92
48.72
23.42
131.24
16.09
17.85
46.24
34.96
35.27
10.80
57.21
6.80
Sunday
N=831
Mean
5.40
0.45
0.21
0.44
0.48
0.19
0.41
8.59
34.05
0.31
0.26
1.71
12,07
3,44
1.96
3.35
0.77
0.72
69.65
7.16
3.91
1.00
18.02
11.39
15.52
5.92
4.10
6.41
1.13
0.63
7.89
3.37
8.19
2.88
149.67
2.03
5.23
17.18
26.01
14.57
1.96
15.28
1.72
Std, Dev,
38.68
9.85
3.14
8.34
7.58
5.55
7.09
33.31
62.06
6.67
7.63
17.52
37.64
27.78
19.75
22.65
10.37
11.17
114.58
39.02
26.95
10.80
34.45
"• 48.66
62.68
32.28
31.55
34.82
15.07
8.32
40.45
23.60
38.11
18.50
141.43
16.08
30.13
51.01
44.47
34.60
12.59
-,, 47.86
9.87
Source: Hill, 1985.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14A-23
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-6. Weighted Mean Hours Per Week by Gender: 87 Activities and 10 Subtotals
Activity
01 - Normal work
02 - Unemployment acts
05 - Second job
06 - Lunch at work 1.08
07 - Before/after work
08 - Coffee breaks 0,57
09 - Travel: to/from work
10 - Meal preparation
1 1 • Meal cleanup
12 - Indoor cleaning
13 - Outdoor cleaning
14- Laundry
16 - Repairs/maintenance
17 - Gardening/pet care
19 • Other household
20 - Baby care
21 - Child care
22 - Helping/teaching
23 - Reading/talking
24 - Indoor playing 0.13
25 - Outdoor playing
26 - Medical care - child
27 - Babysitting/other
29 - Tnvel: child care
30 - Everyday shopping
31 - Durables/house shopping
32 - Personal care services
33 • Medical appointments
34 - Govt/tinancial services
35 - Repair services
37 - Other services 0.11
38 -Errands
39 - Travel: goods/services
Men
N=410
Mean Std.
29.78
0.14
0.73
1.43
0.51
1.05
2.98
1.57
0.33
0.85
1.59
0.13
2.14
0.94
0.92
0.24
0.24
0.07
0.07
0.69
0.06
0.01
0.14
0.23
1.45
0.19
0.06
0.15
0.15
0.11
• 0.61
0.04
1.60
Women
N=561
dev.
20,41
1.06
3.20
0.65
1;27
0.36
2.87
2.61
0.83
2.01
3.59
0.72
4.29
2.78
2.42
1.20
0.78
0.61
0.35
0.18
0.37
0.09
0.78
0.67
2.18
1.39
0.42
0.75
0.44
0.45
0.13
0.41
2.02
Mean Std.
14.99
0.08
0.17
1.21
0.23
1.03
1.45
7.25
2.30
5.03
0.56
2.44
0.68
1.00
0.72
0.90
0.99
0.15
0.30
0.82
0.12
0.09
0.64
0.50
2.78
0.08
0.35
0.37
0.19
0.17.
0.61
0.06
2.14
dev.
17.62
0.75
1.62
0.85
0.69
0.46
2.17
5.04
2.19
5.05
1.59
3.34
3.43
2.19
1.84
3.04
2.11
0.76
0.86
0.16
0.72
0.67
2.58
1.21
3.25
0.51
1.14
1.63
0.61
0.78
0.12
0.68
2.17
Men and women
N=971
Mean Std.
21.82
0.11
0.43
1.33
0.36
1.04
2.16
4.63
1.39
3.10
1.03
1.38
1.35
0.97
0.81
0.60
0.64
0.11
0.19
0.76
0.09
0.05
0.41
0.38
2.17
0.13
0.22
0.27
0.17
0.14
0.61
0.05
1.89
dev.
20.33
0.90
2.49
1.01
2.63
4,98
1.97
4.46
2.75
2,75
3.92
2.48
2.13
2,40
1.68
0.70
0.68
0.58
0.50
1.98
1.00
2.89
1.01
0.90
1.31
0.54
0.65
0.57
2.12
(Continued on the following page)
Page
14A-24
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-6. Weighted Mean Hours Per Week by Gender: 87 Activities and 10 Subtotals (continued)
Men
N=410
Activity
40 - Washing/dressing
4 1 - Medical care - adults
42 - Help and care
43 - Meals at home
44 - Meals out
45 - Night sleep
46 - Naps/resting
48 - N.A. activities
49 - Travel: personal
50 - Students' classes
51 - Other classes
54 - Homework
56 - Other education
59 - Travel: education
60 - Professional/union
organizations
61 - Identity organizations
62 - Political/citizen
organizations
63 - Volunteer/helping
organizations
64 - Religious groups
65 - Religious practice
66 - Fraternal organizations
67 - Child/family organizations
68 - Other organizations
69 - Travel: orpnizations
70 - Sports events
71 - Miscellaneous events
72 - Movies
73 - Theatre
74 - Museums
75 - Visiting with others
76 - Parties
77 - Bars/lounges
78 - Other events
79 - Travel: events/social
Mean
4.33
0.09
1.02
6.59
2.72
55.76
2.94
1.77
2.06
0,92
0.23
0.76
0.11
0.29
0.04
0.14
0.01
0.02
0.38
0.89
0.16
0.10
0.34
0.43
0.30
0.07
0.31
0.13
0.04
4.24
0.64
0.71
0.12
1.40
Std. dev.
2.39
0.67
2.84
3.87
3.48
8.43
5.18
6.12
2.59
4.00
1.68
3.48
0.86
1.07
0.46
0.97
0.08
0.32
1.82
2.05
1.17
0.88
2.40
1.04
1.31
0.52
1.25
0.93
0.37
5.72
2.05
2.21
0.72
1.82
Women
N=561
Mean
5.43
0.18
1.30
6.32
2.24
56.74
3.19
1.99
1.61
0.38
0.15
0.38
0.02
0.16
0.04
0.18
0.02
0.14
0.41
1.31
0.05
0.21
0.32
0.52
0.26
0.08
0.26
0.06
0.03
5.84
0.44
0.46
0.18
1.26
Std. dev.
3.24
1.00
3.04
3.53
2.73
8.49
4.70
5.70
2.51
2.51
1.05
1.87
0.22
1.06
0.62
1.55
0.15
1.05
1.61
2.97
0.66
1.33
1.53
1.02
1.28
0.59
1.13
0.48
0.35
6.42
1.65
2.09
1.18
1.67
Men and women
N=971
Mean
4.92
0.14
1.17
6.44
2.46
56.29
3.08
1.89
1.82
0.63
0.18
0.56
0.06
0.22
0.04
0.16
0.01
0.09
0.40
1.12
0.10
0.16
0.32
0.48
0.28
0.07
0,28
0.09
0.03
5.10
0.53
0.57
0.15
1.32
Std. dev.
2.93
0.86
2.95
3.69
3.10
8.47
4.93
5.89
2.56
3.29
1.38
2.74
0.61
1.07
0.55
1.31
0.12
0.80
1.71 ,
1.60
0.93
1.15
1.98
1.03
1.29
0.56
1.19
0.72
0.36
6.16
1.84
2.15
0.99
1.74
(Continued on the following page)
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14A-25
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-6. Weighted Mean Hours Per
Week by Gender: 87 Activities and 10 Subtotals (continued)
Men
N=410
Activity
80 - Active sports
81 - Outdoors
82 - Walking/biking
83 - Hobbies
84 - Domestic crafts
85 - Art/literature
86 - Music/drama/dance
87 - Games
88 - Classes/other
89 - Travel: active leisure
90 - Radio
91 -TV
92 - Records/tapes
93 - Reading books
94 - Reading magazines/N.A.
95 - Reading newspapers
96 - Conversations
97 - Letters
9$ - Other passive leisure
99 - Travel: passive leisure
Mean
1.05
1.49
0,52
0.69
0.30
0.05
0.06
0.60
0.41
0.76
0.39
14.75
0.46
0.37
1.32
1.86
1.61
0.20
1.68
0.18
Std. dev.
2.62
4.59
1.31
3.88
1.59
0.45
0.49
2.00
1.75
1.91
1.40
12.14
2.35
1.52
2.81
2.72
2.19
1.06
3.53
0.49
Women
N=561
Mean
0.50
0.48
0.23
0.06
2.00
0.13
0.07
0.99
0.28
0.43
0.39
13.95
0.33
0.56
1.97
1.47
2.18
0.31
1.41
0.13
Std. dev.
1.68
1.67
0.98
0.43
4.72
1.03
0.47
3.16
1.50
1.43
1.55
10.67
2.13
1.83
3.67
2.27
2.74
1.12
3.32
0.49
Men and women
N=971
Mean
0.76
0.94
0.36
0.35
1.21
0.09
0.07
0.81
0.34
0.58
0.39
14.32
0.39
0.47
1.67
1.65
1.91
0.26
1,53
0.15
Std. dev.
2.18
3.39
1.16
2.67
3.93
0.81
0.48
2.69
1.62
1.68
1.49
11.38
2.23
1.70
3.32
2.49
2.52
1.10
3.42
0.49
Source: Hill, 1985.
Page
14A-26
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-7. Ranking of Occupations by Median Years of Occupational Tenure
Occupation
Median years of
occupational tenure
Barbers
Fanners, except horticultural
Railroad conductors and yardniasters
Clergy
Dentists
Telephone line installers and repairers
Millwrights
Locomotive operating occupations
Managers; farmers, except horticultural
Telephone installers and repairers
Airplane pilots and navigators
Supervisors: police and detectives
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators
Tailors
Civil engineers
Crane and tower operators
Supervisors, n.e.c.
Teachers, secondary school
Teachers, elementary school
Dental laboratory and medical applicance technicians
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine oeprators
Tool and die makers
Lathe and turning machine operators
Machinists
Pharmacists
Stationary engineers
Mechanical engineers
Chemists, except biochemists
Inspectors, testers, and graders
Electricians
Operating engineers
Radiologic technicians
Electrical power installers and repairers
Supervisors; mechanics and repairers
Heavy equipment mechanics
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics
Physicians
Construction inspectors
Cabinet makers and bench carpenters
Industrial machinery repairers
Automobile body and related repairers
24,8
21.1
18.4
15.8
15.7
15.0
14.8
14.8
14.4
14.3
14.0
13.8
13.3
13.3
13.0
12.9
12,9
12.5
12.4
12.3
12.1
12.0
11.9
11.9
11.8
11.7
11.4
11.1
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.9
10.8
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.7
10.6
10.6
10.4
{Continued on the following page)
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14A-27
-------
Volume III-Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-7. Ranking of Occupations by Median Years of Occupational Tenure (continued)
Occupation
Median years of
occupational tenure
Electrical and electronic engineers
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters
Licensed practical nurses
Brickmasons and stonemasons
Truck drivers, heavy
Tile setters, hard and soft
Lawyers
Supervisors: production occupations
Administrators, education and related fields
Engineers, n,e.c.
Excavating and loading machine operators
Firefighting occupations
Aircraft engine mechanics
Police and detectives, public service
Counselors, educational and vocational
Architects
Stuciural metal workers
Aerospace engineers
Miscellaneous aterial moving equipment operators
Dental hygienists
Automobile mechanics
Registered nurses
Speech therapists
Binding and twisting machine operators
Managers and administrators, n.e.c.
Personnel and labor relations managers
Office machine repairer
Electronic repairers, commercial and industrial equipment
Welders and cutters
Punching and stamping press machine operators
Sheet metal workers
Administrators and officials, public administraion
Hairdressers and cosmetologists
Industrial engineers
Librarians
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction
Upholsterers
Payroll and timekeeping clerks
Furnace, Mln, and oven operators, except food
Surveying and mapping technicians
Chemical engineers
10.4
10.4
10.3
10.2
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.1
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
9.7
9,7
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.4
9.4
9.3
9.3
9.3
9.3
9.1
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
8.9
8.9
8.9
8,9
8.8
8.8
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
(continued on the following page)
Page
24A-28
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-7. Ranking of Occupations by Median Years of Occupational Tenure (continued)
Occupation
Median years of
occupational tenure
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers
Concrete and terrazzo finishers
Sales representatives, mining, manufacturing, and wholesale
Supervisors: general office
Specified mechanics and repairers, h.e.c.
Stenographers
Typesetters and compositors
Financial managers
Psychologists
Teachers: special education
Statistical clerks
Designers
Water and Sewage Treatment plant operators
Printing machine operators
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics
Supervisors; distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks
Insurance sales occupations
Carpenters
Public transportation attendants
Drafting occupations
Butchers and meatcutters
Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment repairers
Dressmakers
Musicians and composers
Supervisors and proprietors; sales occupations
Painters, Sculptors, craft-artists, and artist printmakers
Mechanics and repairers, not specified
Engineering technicians, n.e.c.
Clinical laboratory technologists and techniciaas
Purcliasing managers
Purchasing agents and buyers, n.e.c.
Photographers
Chemical technicians
Managers; properties and real estate
Accountants and auditors
Religious workers, n.e.c.
Secretaries
Social workers
Operations and systems researchers and analysts
Postal clerks, except mail carriers
Managers; marketing, advertising, and public relations
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.6
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.3
(continued on the following page)
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14A-29
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-7. Ranking of Occupations by Median Years of Occupational Tenure (continued)
Occupation
Median years of
occupational tenure
Farm workers
Managers; medicine and health
Data processing equipment repairers
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators
Management related occupations, n.e.c.
Supervision;; cleaning and building service workers
Management analysts
Science technicians, n.e.c.
Mail carriers, postal service
Knitting, looping, taping, and weaving machine operators
Electrical and electronic technicians
Painting and paim spraying machine operators
Postsecondary teachers, subject not specified
Crossing guards
Inhalation therapists
Carpet installers
Computer systems analysts and scientists
Other financial officers
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators
Textile sewing machine operators
Correctional institution officers
Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten
Supervisors", financial records processing
Miscellaneous Textile machine operators
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners
Actors and directors
Health technologists and technicians, n.e.c.
Miscellaneous machine operators, n.e.c.
Private household cleaners, and servants
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, excluding farm products
Real estate sales occupations
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers
Bus drivers
Editors and reporters
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators
Meter readers
Painters, construction and maintenance
Driver-sales workers
Teachers, n.e.c.
Order clerks
Physicians' assistants
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
(continued on the following page)
Page
14A-30
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-7. Ranking of Occupations by Median Years of Occupational Tenure (continued)
Occupation
Median years of
occupational tenure
Billing clerks
Drywall installers
Construction trades, n.e.c.
Telephone operators
Authors
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
Dental assistants
Timber cutting and logging occupations
Molding and casting machine operators
Miscellaneous hand-working occupations
Production coordinators
Public relations specialists
Personnel clerks, except payroll and bookkeeping
Assemblers
Securities and financial services sales occupations
Salesworkers, furniture and home furnishings
lasurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators
Pressing machine operators
Roofers
Graders and sorters, except agricultural
Supervisors; related agricultural occupations
Typists
Supervisors; motor vehicle operators
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
Legal assistants
Physical therapists
Advertising and related sales occupations
Records clerks
Economists
Technicians, n.e.c.
Expediters
Sales occupations, other business services
Computer operators
Computer programmers
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance
Underwriters
Salesworkers, parts
Artists, performers, and related workers, n.e.c.
Teachers' aides
Maids and housemen
Sawing machine operators
Machine operators, not specified
Weighers, measurers, and checkers
5,8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.5
(continued on the following page)
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14A-31
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-7. Ranking of Occupations by Median Years of Occupational Tenure (continued)
Occupation
Median years of
occupational tenure
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks
Sales workers, hardware and building supplies
Biological technicians
Atlileies
Bill and account collectors
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs
Slicing and cutting machine operators
Administrative support occupations, ae.c.
Mixing and blending machine operators
Waiters and waitresses
Janitors and cleaners
Production helpers
General office clerks
Machine feeders and offbearers
Interviewers
Bartenders
Eligibility clerks, social welfare
Bmik idlers
Cooks, except short-order
Health aides, except nursing
Laborers, except construction
Welfare service aides
Salesworkers, motor vehicles and boats
Cost and rate clerks
Construction laborers
Hand packers and packagers
Transportation ticket and reservation agents
Animal caretakers, except farm
Photographic process machine operators
Freight, stock, and material movers, hand, n.e.c.
Data-entry keyers
Bakers
Dispatchers
Guards and police, except public service
Packaging and filling machine operators
Receptionists
Library clerks
Truckdrivers, light
Salesworkers, radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances
Salesworkers, apparel
Sales counter clerks
Salesworkers, other commodities
4.5
4,5
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.0
3,9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3-4
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
3,2
3.1
3.1
3.1
(continued on the following page)
Page
14A-32
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14A-7. Ranking of Occupations by Median Years of Occupational Tenure (continued)
Median years of
Occupation occupational tenure
Small engine repairers 3.1
Supervisors, food preparation and service occupations 3,0
Health record technologists and techniciaas 2.9
Helpers, construction trades 2.9
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities 2.8
Street and door-to-door salesworkers 2.7
Child-care workers, private household 2'. 1
Child-care workers, except private household 2.7
Information clerks, n.e.c. 2.7
Hotel clerks 2.7
Personal service occupations, ae.c. 2.7
Salesworkers, shoes 2,6
Garage and service station related occupations 2.6
Short-order cooks 2.5
File clerks 2.5
Cashiers 2.4
Mail clerks, except postal service 2.3
Miscellaneous food preparation occupations 2.3
News vendors . 2.3
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners 2.3
Messengers 2.3
Kitchen workers, food preparation 2.1
Stock handlers and baggers 1.9
Waiters and waitresses assistants 1.7
Food counter, fountain, and related occupations 1.5
8 n.e.c, - not elsewhere classified
Source: Carey, 1988.
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 14A-33
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
APPENDIX 14-B
Activity Patterns Codes and Occupational Tenure Data
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 • 14B-1
-------
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14B-1. Annual Geographical Mobility Rates, by Type of Movement for
Selected 1-Year Periods: 1960-1992 (Numbers in Thousands)
Mobility
period
NUMBER
1991-92
1990-91
1989-90
1988-89
1987-88
1986-87
1985-86
1984-85
1983-84
1982-83
1981-82
1980-81
1970-71
1960-61
PliKCIiNT
1991-92
1990-91
1989-90
1988-89
1987-88
1986-87
1985-86
1984-85
1983-84
1982-83
1981-82
1980-81
1970-71
1960-61
Total
movers
42,800
41,539
43,381
42,620
42,174
43,693
43,237
46,470
39,379
37,408
38,127
38,200
37,705
36,533
17.3
17.0
17.9
17.8
17.8
18.6
18.6
20.2
17.3
16.6
17.0
17.2
18.7
20.6
Total
41,545
40,154
41,821
41,153
40,974
42,551
42,037
45,043
38,300
36,430
37,039
36,887
36,161
35,535
16.8
16.4
17.3
17.2
17.3
18.1
18.0
19.6
16.8
16.1
16.6
16.6
17.9
20.0
Residing in tlic
Different
IKIUSC,
same
county Total
26,587
25,151
25,726
26,123
26,201
27,196
26,401
30,126
23,659
22,858
23,081
23,097
23,018
24,289
10.7
10.3
10.6
10.9
11.0
11.6
11.3
13.1
10.4
10.1
10.3
10.4
11.4
13.7
United Slates at beginning of period
State
14,957
15,003 -
16,094
15,030
14,772
15,355
15,636
14,917
14,641
13,572
13,959
13,789
13,143
11,246
6.0
6.1
6.6
6.3
6.2
6.5
6.7
6.5
6.4
6.0
6.2
6.2
6.5
6.3
Different
Same Different
State Region
7,853
7,881
8,061
7,949
7,727
8,762
8,665
7,995
8,198
7,403
7,330
7,614
6,197
5.493
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.1
County
Different
period
7,105
7,122
8,033
7,081
7,046
6,593
6,791
6,921
6,444
6,169
6,628
6,175
6,946
5,753
2.9
2.9
3.3
3.0
3.0
2.8
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.7
3.0
2.8
3.4
3.2
at (lie
3,285
3,384
3,761
3,258
3.098
3,546
3,778
3,647
3,540
3.192
3,679
3,363
3,936
3,097
.3
.4
.6
.4
.3
.5
.6
.6
1.6
1.4
1.6
1.5
2.0
1.7
Residing
outside UK;
United States
beginning of
1.255
1,385
1,560
1.467
1,200
1,142
1,200
1,427
1,079
978
1,088
1,313
1,544
988
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
0.6
Source:
U.S. Bureau of Census, 1993.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14B-3
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14B-2. Mob'ility of the Resident Population by Slate: 1980
Percent distribution -
residence in 1975'
Region, division.
and state
United .Slates
Northeast
New England
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermori
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Midwest
East North Central
Oliki
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Oikou
Nebraska
Kansas
Persons
5 years
old, and
over*
1980
(1,000)
210,323
46,052
11,594
1,047
857
476
5,398
891
2,925
34,458
16,432
6.904
11,122
54,513
38,623
10.015
5,074
10,593
8,582
4,360
15,890
3,770
2,693
4,564
598
633
1,448
2,184
Same
house
in
1980
as
1975
53.6
61,7
59.1
56.9
51.6
54.4
61.0
60.5
59.0
62.6
61.5
61.5
65.0
55.4
56.0
56.7
54.8
55.5
56.4
56.2
53.9
55.6
55.6
54.0
51.7
52.9
53.1
50.2
Different
house,
same
county
25.1
22.3
23.4-
24.0
22.8.
23.9
. 22.7
23.9
24.4
21.9
22.6
20.0
22.0
26.4
27.4
27.9
27.5
28.5
26.2
25.5
24.0
22.8
25.0
24.1
. 23,1
23.2
24.4
25.1
Different
county,
same
state
9.8
8.0
6.7
7.5
6.2
6.5
7.6
5.0
5.5
8.4
9,3
8.6
7.1
10.2
9.6
9.0
9.6
8.1
11.3
11.0
11.8
13.3
10.9
11.8
11.4
12.1
11.0
10.7
Different
county,
different
state
9.7
6.1
9.2
10.8
18.5
14.3
7.0
8.7
9.3
5.0
3.8
7.8
5.2
7.0
6.0
5.7
7.6
6.1
5.1
6.7
9.4
7.3
7.9
9.4
12.7
11.1
10.5
12.6
(Continued on the following page)
Page
14B-4
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14B-2. Mobility of tlie Resident Population by State: 1980 (continued)
Percent distribution -
residence in 1975*
Region, division,
and stale
Persons
5 years
old, and
over*
1980
(1,000)
Same
house
in
1980
as
1975
Different
house,
same
county
Different
county.
same
state
Different
county.
different
state
Soulli
South Atlantic
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
West
Mountain
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
69,880
34,498
555
3,947
603
4,99i
1,806
5,476
2,884
5,052
9,183
13,556
3,379
4.269
3,601
2,307
21,826
2,113
3,847
2,793
13.074
39,879
10,386
722
852
425
2,676
1,188
2,506
1,272
745
52.4
52.7
57,0
55.5
58.2
51.0
60.9
56.9
57.5
52.5
46.2
56,0
54,4
54.2
57.6
59.0
49.6
53.1
57.0
47.6
47.3
43.8
42.7
47.3
44.4
38.4
39.8
50.3
41.9
45.8
34.8
24.1
22.4
26.3
21.9
22.7
17.9
23.4
23.5
22.3
22.8
23.7
25.9
27.2
27.2
25.3
22.5
25.6
24.8
24.3
24.9
26.2
28.3
25.1
24.5
24.7
23.6
22.7
23.2
27.1
27,8
27,4
10.0
9.7
2.0
10.3
NA
15.0
6.6
8.9
7.7
12.2
7.8
7,9
8,6
7.4
7.4
8.6
11.8
9.1
9.2
12.3
12.9
11.0
9.1
12,3
9.5
8.6
14.8
7.2
5.0
8.4
3.6
12.0
13.6
13.3
10.4
16.3
13.9
8.6
9.8
11.5
11.5
19,6
9,5
9,0
10.6
8.9
9.2
11.0
12.4
8,4
13.7
11.0
13.4
21.1
15.0
20.0
28.3
20.6
17.4
23.9
16.0
31,5
(continued on the following page)
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
14B-5
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 14 - Activity Factors
Table 14B-2. Mobility of the Resident Population by Slate: 1980 (cominued)
Percent distribution -
residence in 1975'
Region, division,
tnd state
l^ciBc
Wtsliittgimt
Oregon
California
Alaska
Hawaii
Persons
5 years
old, and
over*
1980
(1,000)
29,493
3,825
2,437
21,980
363
888
Same
bouse
in
1980
as
1975
44.2
43.7
41.4
44.6
32.2
49,3
Different
house,
same
county
29.4
27.7
26,6
30.2
27.6
25.2
Different
county,
same
slate
11.6
10.1
i3.4
12.1
8.7
2.8
Different
county,
different
slate
10.7
16.2
16.9
S.5
29.1
16.9
* Survey assessed Granges in residence between 1975 and 1980.
* Includes persons residing abroad to 1975.
NA « not applicable,
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract, 1984.
Page Exposure Factors Handbook
14B-6 August 1996
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
15. CONSUMER PRODUCTS
15.1. BACKGROUND
Consumer products may contain toxic or potentially
toxic chemical constituents to which humans may be
exposed as a result of their use. For example, methylene
chloride and other solvents and carriers are common in
consumer products and may have human health concerns.
Potential pathways of exposure to consumer products or
chemicals released from consumer products during use
occur via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact.
Exposure assessments that address consumer products
involve cliaracterization of these potential exposure
pathways and calculating exposure or dose (based on
exposure pthway) of chemical substances released during
use of consumer products. In order to estimate specific-
pathway exposure for consumer products or their
components, the following information is needed: amount
of product used; concentration of product in each type of
activity; percent weight of chemical present in product;
duration and frequency of use or activity; and for dermal
exposure, the amount of solution on skin after exposure
(Hakkinenetal., 1991; U.S. EPA, 1987).
This chapter presents information on the amount of
product used, frequency of use, and duration of use for
various consumer products typically found in consumer
households. All tables that present information for these
consumer products are located at the end of this chapter.
U.S. EPA (1987) has complied a comprehensive list of
consumer products found in typical American households.
This list of consumer products is presented in Table 15-1.
It should be noted that this chapter does not provide an
exhaustive treatment of all consumer products, but rather
provides some background and data that can be utilized in
an exposure assessment. The studies presented in the
following sections represent readily available surveys for
which data were collected on the frequency and duration
of use and amount of use of cleaning products, painting
products, household solvent products, cosmetic and other
personal care products, household equipment, pesticides,
and tobacco. The studies have been classified as either
key or relevant based on their applicability to exposure
assessment needs.
The reader is also referred to a document
developed by the U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances:
« "Standard Scenarios for Estimating Exposure to
Chemical Substances During Use of Consumer
Products - Volumes I and II" (1986).
This document presents data and supporting information
required to assess coasumer exposure to constituents in
household cleaners and components of adhesives.
Information presented includes a description of standard
scenarios selected to represent upper bound exposures for
each product. Values are also presented for parameters
that are needed to estimate exposure for defined exposure
routes and pathways assumed for each scenario.
An additional reference is the Simmons Market
Research Bureau (SMRB), "Simmoas Study of Media and
Markets." This document provides an example of
marketing data tliat are available tliat may be useful in
assessing exposure to selected products. The reports are
published annually. Data are collected on the buying
habits of the U.S. populations over the past 12 months.
This information is collected for over 1,000 coasumer
products. Data are presented on frequency of use, total
number of buyers in each use category, and selected
demographics. The consumer product data are presented
according to the "buyer" and not necessarily according to
the "user" (actively exposed person). It may be necessary
to adjust the data to reflect potential uses in a household.
The reports are available for purchase from the Simmons
Market Research Bureau, (212) 916-8970. Appendix
Table ISA^l presents a list of product categories for
which information is available.
15.2. KEY CONSUMER PRODUCTS USE STUDIES
Westat (1987a) - Household Solvent Products: A
National Usage Survey - Westat (1987a) conducted a
nationwide survey to determine consumer exposure to
common household products believed to contain methylene
chloride or its substitutes (trichloroethane, trichloro-
ethylene, carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene, and
1,1,1,2,2,2- trichlorotrifiuoroethane). The survey
method-ology was comprised of three phases. In the first
phase, the sample population was generated by using a
random digit dialing (RDD) procedure. Using this
procedure, telephone numbers of households were
randomly selected by utilizing an unbiased, equal
probability of selection method, known as the "Waksberg
Method" (Westat, 1987a). After the respondents in the
selected households (18 years and older) agreed to
participate in the survey, the second phase was initiated.
It involved a mailout of questionnaires and product
pictures to each respondent. In the third phase, a
telephone follow-up call was made to those respondents
who did not respond to the mailed questionnaire within a
4-week period. The same questionnaire was administered
over the telephone to participants who did not respond to
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-1
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
the mailed questionnaire. Of the 6,700 individuals
contacted for the survey, 4,920 individuals either
responded to the mailed questionnaire or to a telephone
interview {a response rate of 73 percent). Survey
questions included how often the products were used in the
last 12 mondis; wten they were last used; how much time
was spent using a product (per occasion or year), and the
lime UK respondent remained in the room after use; how
much of a product was used per occasion or year; and
what protective measures were used (Westat, 1987a).
Thirty-two categories of common household
products were included in the survey and are presented in
Table 15-2. Tables 15-2, 15-3, 15-4, and 15-5 provide
means, medians, and percentile rankings for the following
variables: frequency of use, exposure time, amount of
use, and time exposed after use.
An advantage of this study is that the random digit
dialing procedure (Waksberg Method) used in identifying
participants for diis survey enabled a diverse selection of
a representative, unbiased, sample of the U.S. population
(Westat 1987a). Also, empirical data generated from this
study will provide more accurate calculatioas of human
exposure to consumer household products than estimates
previously used. However, a limitation associated with
this study is that the data generated were based on recall
behavior. Another limitation is that extrapolation of these
data to long-term use patterns may be difficult.
CPSC (1992) - Methylene Chloride Consumer Use
Study Survey Findings - As part of a plan to assess the
effectiveness of labeling of consumer products containing
methylene chloride, CPSC conducted a telephone survey
of nearly five thousand households (CPSC, 1992). The
survey was conducted in April and May of 1991. Three
classes of products were of concern: paint strippers, non-
automotive spray paint, and adhesive removers. The
survey paralleled a 1986 consumer use survey sponsored
jointly by CPSC and the U.S. EPA. Results of the survey
were the following (CPSC, 1992):
• Compared to the 1986 findings, a significantly
smaller proportion of current survey
respondents used a paint stripper, spray paint,
or adhesive remover.
• The proportion of the population who used the
three products recently (within the past year)
decreased substantially.
• Those who used the products reported a
significantly longer time since their last use.
» For all three products, the reported amount
used per year was significantly higher in the
current survey.
The survey was conducted to estimate the percent
of the U.S. adult population using paint remover, adhesive
remover, and non-automotive spray paint. In addition, an
estimate of the population using these products containing
methylene chloride was determined. A survey question-
naire was developed to collect product usage data and
demographic data. The survey sample was generated
using a RDD technique.
A total of 4,997 product screener interviews were
conducted for the product interview sections; the number
of respondents were: 381 for paint strippers, 58 for
adhesive removers, and 791 for non-automotive spray
paint. Survey responses were weighted to allow
estimation at the level of the total U.S. population (CPSC,
1992). A follow-up mail survey was also conducted using
a short questionnaire. Respondents who had used the
product in the past year or had purchased the product in
the past 2 years and still had the container were asked to
respond to the questionnaire (CPSC, 1992). Of the mail
questionnaires (527) sent out, 259 were returned. The
questionnaire responses included 67 on paint strippers, 6
on adhesive removers, and 186 on non-automotive spray
paint. Results of the survey are presented in Tables 15-6
through 15-11 (N's are unweighted). Data are presented
for recent users. Recent users were defined as persons
who have used the product within die last year of the
survey or who have purchased the product in the past 2
years,
An advantage of this survey is that the survey
population was large and the survey responses were
weighted to represent the U.S. population. In addition,
the survey was designed to collect data for frequency of
product use and amount of product used by gender. A
limitation of the survey is mat the data were generated
based on recall behavior. Extrapolation of these data to
accurately reflect long-term use patterns may be difficult.
Westat (1987b) - National Usage Survey of
Household Cleaning Products - Westat (1987b) collected
usage data from a nationwide survey to assess the
magnitude of exposure of consumers to various products
ased when performing certain household cleaning tasks.
The survey was conducted between the middle of
November, 1985 to the middle of January, 1986.
Telephone interviews were conducted with 193
households. According to Westat (1987b), the resulting
response rate for this survey was 78 percent. The
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Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Waksberg method discussed previously in the Westat
(1987a) study was also used in randomly selecting
telephone numbers employed in the Westat (1987b)
survey. The survey was designed to obtain information on
cleaning activities performed in the interior of the home
during the previous year. The person who did the
majority of the cleaning in the kitchen and bathroom areas
of each household was interviewed. Of those respondents,
the primary cleaner was female in 160 households (83
percent) and male in 30 households (16 percent); the sex
of the respondents in three remaining households was not
ascertained (Westat, 1987b). Data obtained from the
survey included the frequency of performing 14 different
cleaning tasks; the amount of time (duration) spent at each
task; the cleaning product most frequently used; the type
of product (liquid, powder, aerosol or spray pump) used;
and the protective measures taken during cleaning such as
wearing rubber gloves or having a window open or an
exhaust fan on (Westat, 1987b).
The survey data are presented in Tables 15-12
through 15-16. Table 15-12 presents the mean and
median total exposure time of use for each cleaning task
and the product type preferred for each task. The
percentile rankings for the total time exposed to the
products used for 14 cleaning tasks are presented in Table
15-13. The mean and percentile rankings of the frequency
in performing each task are presented in Table 15-14.
Table 15-15 shows the mean and percentile rankings for
exposure time per event of performing household tasks.
The mean and percentile rankings for total number of
hours spent per year using the top 10 product groups are
presented in Table 15-16.
Westat (1987b) randomly selected a subset of 30
respondents from the original survey and reinterviewed
them during the first two weeks of March, 1986 as a
reliability check on the recall data obtained from the
original phone survey. Frequency and duration data for 3
of the original 14 cleaning tasks were obtained from the
reinterviews. In a second effort to validate the phone
survey, 50 respondents of the original phone survey
participated in a four-week diary study (between February
and March, 1986) of 8 of the 14 cleaning tasks originally
studied. The diary approach assessed the validity of using
a one-time telephone survey to determine usual cleaning
behavior (Westat, 1987b). The data (i.e., frequency and
duration) obtained from the reinterviews and the diary
approach were lower than the data from the original
telephone survey. The data from the reinterviews and the
diary approach were more consistent with each other.
Westat (1987b) attributed the significant differences in the
data obtained from these surveys to seasonal changes
rather than methodological problems.
A limitation of this survey is evident from the
reliability and validity check of the data conducted by
Westat (1987b). The data obtained from the telephone
survey may reflect heavier seasonal cleaning because the
survey was conducted during the holidays (November
through January). Therefore, usage data obtained in this
study may be biased and may represent upper bound
estimates. Another limitation of this study is the small
size of the sample population. An advantage of this
survey is that the HDD procedure (Waksberg Method)
used provides unbiased results of sample selection and
reduces the number of unproductive calls. Another
advantage of this study is that it provides empirical data on
frequency and duration of consumer use, thereby
eliminating best judgment or guesswork.
Westat (1987c) - National Household Survey of
Interior Painters - Westat (1987c) conducted a study
between November, 1985 and January, 1986 to obtain
usage information to estimate the magnitude of exposure
of consumers to different types of painting and painting
related products used while painting the interior of the
home. Seven-hundred and seventy-seven households were
sampled to determine whether any household member had
painted the interior of the home during the last 12 months
prior to the survey date. Of the sampled households, 208
households (27 percent) had a household member who had
painted during the last 12 months. Based on the
households with primary painters, the response rate was
90 percent (Westat, 1987c). The person in each
household who did most of the interior painting during the
last 12 months was interviewed over the telephone. The
RDD procedure (Waksberg Method) previously described
in Westat (1987a) was used to generate sample blocks of
telephone numbers in this survey. Questions were asked
on frequency and time spent for interior painting activities;
the amount of paint used; and protective measures used
(i.e., wearing gloves, hats, and masks or keeping a
window open) (Westat, 1987c). Fifty-three percent of the
primary painters in the households interviewed were male,
46 percent were female, and the sex of the remaining 1
percent was not ascertained. Three types of painting
products were used in this study; latex paint, oil-based
paint, and wood stains and varnishes. Of the respondents,
94.7 percent used latex paint, 16.8 percent used oil-based
paint, and 20.2 percent used wood stains and varnishes.
Data generated from this survey are summarized in
Tables 15-17, 15-18, and 15-19. Table 15-17 presents the
mean, standard duration, and percentile rankings for the
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
total exposure time for painting activity by paint type.
Table 15-18 presents the mean and standard exposure time
for the painting activity per occasion for each paint type,
A "painting occasion" is defined as a time period from
Stan to cleanup (Westat 1987c), Table 15-18 also presents
the frequency and percentile rankings of painting
occasions per year. Table 15-19 presents the total amount
of paint used by interior painters.
In addition, 30 respondents from the original
survey were reinterviewed in April 1986, as a reliability
check on the recall data obtained from the original painting
survey. There were no significant differences between the
data obtained from tlie reinterviews and the original
painting survey (Westat, 1987c).
An advantage of this survey, based on the reliability
check conducted by Westat (1987c), is the stability in the
painting data obtained. Another advantage of this survey
is that the response rate was high (90 percent), therefore,
minimizing non-response bias. Also, the Waksberg
Method employed provides an unbiased equal probability
method of RDD. A limitation of the survey is the data are
based on 12-month recall and may not accurately reflect
long-term use patterns.
Tsang and Klepeis (1996) - National Human
Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) - The U.S. EPA
collected information for the general population on the
duration and frequency of selected activities and the time
spent in selected mieroenvironments via 24-hour diaries.
Over 9000 individuals from 48 contiguous states
participated in NHAPS. The survey was conducted
between October 1992 and September 1994. Individuals
were interviewed to categorize their 24-hour routines
(diaries) and/or aaswer follow-up exposure questions that
were related to exposure events. Data were collected
based on selected socioeconomic (gender, age, race,
education, etc.) and geographic (census region, state, etc.)
factors and time/season (day of week, month) (Tsang and
Klepeis, 1996).
Data were collected for a maximum of 82 possible
microenvironments and 91 different activities (Tsang and
Ktepeis, 1996). Respondents were also asked exposure-
related follow up questions, mostly on air and water
exposure pathways, on specific pollutant sources (paint,
glue, etc.), or prolonged background activities (tobacco
smoke, gas heaters, etc.) (Tsang and Klepeis, 1996).
As part of the survey, data were also collected on
duration and frequency of use of selected consumer
products. These data are presented in Tables 15-20
through 15-41. Distribution data are presented for
selected percentiles (wliere possible). Other data are
presented in ranges of time spent in an activity (e.g.,
working with or near a product being used) or ranges for
the number of times an activity involving a consumer
product was performed. Tables 15-20 through 15-41
provide duration and/or frequency data for the following
categories: selected cosmetics and personal care items;
household cleaners and other household products;
household equipment; pesticides; and tobacco products.
The advantages of NHAPS is that the data were
collected for a large number of individuals and are
representative of the U.S. general population. In addition,
frequency distributions of time spent and frequency of
occurrence data for activities and locations are provided,
when possible. Also, data on 9,386 different respondents
are grouped by various socioeconomic, geographic,
time/seasonal factors.
15.3. RELEVANT CONSUMER PRODUCTS USE
STUDY
CRFA (1983) - Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance
Association, Inc. - Summary of Results of Surveys of the
Amount and Frequency of Use of Cosmetic Products by
Women - The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance
Association Inc. (CTFA, 1983), a major manufacturer and
a market research bureau, conducted surveys to obtain
information on frequency of use of various cosmetic
products. Three surveys were conducted to collect data on
the frequency of use of various cosmetic products and
selected baby products. In the first of these three surveys
CTFA (1983) conducted a one-week prospective survey of
47 female employees and relatives of employees between
the ages of 13 and 61 years. In the second survey, a
cosmetic manufacturer conducted a retrospective survey
of 1,129 of its customers. The third survey was
conducted by a market research bureau which sampled
19,035 female consumers nationwide over a 9-1/2 month
period. Of the 19,035 females interviewed, responses
from only 9,684 females were tabulated (CFTA, 1983).
The third survey was designed to reflect the
sociodemographic (i.e., age, income, etc) characteristics
of the entire U.S. populatioa The respondents in all three
• surveys were asked to record the number of times they
used the various products in a given time period, i.e., a
week, a day, a month, or a year (CTFA, 1983).
To obtain the average frequency of use for each
cosmetic product, responses were averaged for each
product in each survey. Thus, the averages were
calculated by adding the reported number of uses per
given time period for each product, dividing by the total
number of respondents in the survey, and then dividing
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
again by the number of days in the given lime period
(CFTA, 1983). The average frequency of use of cosmetic
products was determined for both "users" and "non-
users." The frequency of use of baby products was
determined among "users" only. The upper 90th
percentile frequency of use values were determined by
eliminating the top ten percent most extreme frequencies
of use. Therefore, the highest remaining frequency of use
was recorded as the upper 90th percentile value (CFTA,
1983). Table 15-42 presents the amount of product used
per application (grams) and the average and 90th
percentile frequency of use per day for baby products and
various cosmetic products for all the surveys.
An advantage of the frequency data obtained from
the third survey (market research bureau) is that the
sample population was more likely to be representative of
the U.S. population. Another advantage of the tliird
dataset is that the survey was conducted over a longer
period of time when compared with the other two
frequency datasets. Also, the study provided empirical
data which will be useful in generating more accurate
estimates of consumer exposure to cosmetic products. In
contrast to the large market research bureau survey, the
CTFA employee survey is very small and both that survey
and the cosmetic company survey are likely to be biased
toward high end users. Therefore, data from these two
surveys should be used with caution.
15.4. RECOMMENDATIONS
Due to the large range and variation among
consumer products and their exposure pathways, it is not
feasible to specify recommended exposure values as has
been done in other chapters of this handbook. The user is
referred to the contents and references in the chapter to
derive appropriate exposure factors. Table 15-43
summarizes the key and relevant studies in this chapter.
In order to estimate consumer exposure to household
products, several types of information are needed for the
exposure equation. The information needed includes
frequency and duration of use, amount of product used,
percent weight of the chemical of concern found in the
product, and for dermal exposure, the amount of the
solution on the skin after exposure. The studies of Westat
(1987a, b, and c), (CPSC, 1992), and Tsang and Klepeis
(1996) provide information on amount, duration, and
frequency of use of household products. The frequency
and duration of use and amount of product used for some
household and other consumer products can be obtained
from Tables 15-2 through 15-42. Exposure to chemicals
present in common household products can be estimated
by utilizing data presented in these tables and the
appropriate exposure equation. It should be noted tliat if
these data arc used to model indoor air concentrations, the
values for time of use, time exposed after use, and
frequency in the indoor air, should be the same values
used in the dose equation for frequency and contact time
for a given individual.
15.5. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 15
CPSC. (1992) Methylene chloride consumer products
use survey findings. Prepared by ABT Associates
for the U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission, Bethesda, MD.
Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CFTA).
(1983). Summary of the results of surveys of the
amount and frequency of use of cosmetic products
by women. Prepared by Environ Corporation,
Washington, DC for CFFA Inc., Washington, DC.
Hakkinen, P.J.; Kelling, C.K.; Callender, J.C. (1991)
Exposure assessment of consumer products:
Human body weights and total body surface areas
to use; and sources of data for specific products.
Veterinary and Human Toxicology l(33):61-65.
Tsang, A.M.; Klepeis, N.E. (1996) Results tables
from a detailed analysis of the National Human
Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS) response. Draft
Report prepared for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency 'by Lockheed Martin, Contract
No. 68-W6-001, Delivery Order No. 13.
U.S. EPA. (1986) Standard scenarios for estimating
exposure to chemical substances during use of
consumer products. Prepared by Versar, Inc. For
the Office of Toxic Substances, Contract No. 68-
02-3968.
U.S. EPA. (1987) Methods for assessing exposure to
chemical substances - Volume 7 - Methods for
assessing consumer exposure to chemical
substances. Washington, DC: Office of Toxic
Substances. EPA Report No. 560/5-85-007.
Westat. (1987a) Household solvent products - a national
usage survey. Under Subcontract to Battelle
Columbus Div., Washington DC. Prepared for
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Available from NTIS,
Springfield, VA. PB88-132881.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
. Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Weseat. (1987b) National usage survey of household
cleaning products. Prepared for U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic
Substances and Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, Washington, DC.
Wesuu. (1987c) National household survey of interior
painters. Prepared for U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances and
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
Washington DC.
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Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-1. Consumer Products Found in tlic Typical U.S. Household"
Consumer Product Category
Consumer Product
Cosmetics Hygiene Products
Household Furnishings
Garment Conditioning Products
Household Maintenance Products
Adhesive bandages
Bath additives (liquid)
Bath additives (powder)
Cologne/pcrfume/aftershavc
Contact lens solutions
Deodorant/antiperspirani (aerosol)
Deodoranl/antiperspirant (wax and liquid)
Depilatories
Facial makeup
Fingernail cosmetics
Hair coloring/timing products
Hair conditioning products
Hairsprays (aerosol)
Lip products
Mouthwash/breaih freshener
Sanitary napkins and pads
Shampoo
Shaving creams (aerosols)
Skin creams (non-drug)
Skin oils (non-drug)
Soap (toilet bar)
Sunscreen/sunian products
Talc/body powder (non-drug)
Toothpaste
Waterless skin cleaners
Carpeting
Draperies/curtains
Rugs (area)
Shower curtains
Vinyl upholstery, furniture
Anti-static spray (aerosol)
Leather treatment (liquid and wax)
Shoe polish
Spray starch (aerosol)
Suede cleaner/polish (liquid and aerosol)
Textile water-proofing (aerosol)
Adhesive (general) (liquid)
Bleach (household) (liquid)
Bleach (see laundry)
Candles
Cat box liner
Clarcoal briquets
Charcoal lighter fluid
Drain cleaner (liquid and powder)
Dishwasher detergent (powder)
Dishwashing liquid
Fabric dye (D1Y)'
Fabric rinse/softener (liuuid)
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August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter IS - Consumer Products
Table 15-1. Consumer Products Found in the Typical U.S. Household' (continued)
Consumer Product Category
Consumer Product
Household Maintenance Products
(continued)
Home Building/Improvement Products (DIY)*
Fabric rinse/softener (powder)
Fertilizer (garden) (liquid)
Fertilizer (garden) (powder)
Fire extinguishers (aerosol)
Floor polish/wax (liquid)
Food packaging and packaged food
Furniture polish (liquid)
Furniture polish (aerosol)
General cleaner/disinfectant (liquid)
General cleaner (powder)
General cleaner/disinfectant (aerosol and pump)
General spot/stain remover (liquid)
Genera! spot/stain remover (aerosol and pump)
Herbicide (garden-patio) (Liquid and aerosol)
Insecticide (home and garden) (powder)
Insecticide (home and garden) (aerosol and pump)
Insect repellent (liquid and aerosol)
Laundry detergent/bleach (liquid)
Laundry detergent (powder)
Laundry pre-wash/soak (powder)
Laundry pre-wash/soak (liquid)
Laundry pre-wash/soak (aerosol and pump)
Lubricant oil (liquid)
Lubricant (aerosol)
Matches
Metal polish
Oven cleaner (aerosol)
Pesticide (home) (solid)
Pesticide (pet dip) (liquid)
Pesticide (pet) (powder)
Pesticide (pet) (aerosol)
Pesticide (pet) (collar)
Petroleum fuels (home( (liquid and aerosol)
Rug cleaner/shampoo (liquid and aerosol)
Rug deodorizer/freshener (powder)
Room deodorizer (solid)
Room deodorizer (aerosol)
Scouring pad
Toilet bowl cleaner
Toiler bowl deodorant (so(id)
Water-treating chemicals (swimming pools)
Adhesives, specialty (liquid)
Ceiling tile
Caulks/scalers/fillers
Dry wall/wall board
Flooring (vinyl)
House Paint (interior) (liquid)
House Paint and Stain (exterior) (liquid)
Insulation (solid)
Insulation (foam)
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Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-1. Consumer 1'roducis Houud in the Typical U.S. Household" (continued)
Consumer Produci Calegory
Consumer Product
Home Building/Improvement Products (D1Y)*
(Continued)
Automobile-related Products
Personal Materials
Paint/varnish removers
Paint thinner/brush cleaners
Patching/ceiling plaster
Roofing
Refinishing products (polyurethane, varnishes, etc.)
Spray paints (home) (aerosol)
Wall paneling
Wall paper
Wai! paper glue
Antifreeze
Car polish/wax
Fuel/lubricant additives
Gasoline/dicsel fuel
Interior upholstery/components, synthetic
Motor oil
Radiator flush/cleaner
Automotive touch-up paint (aerosol)
Windshield washer solvents
Clothes/shoes
Diapers/vinyl pants
Jeweliy
Printed material (colorprint, newsprint, photographs)
Sheets/towels
Toys (intended 10 be placed in moullis)
* A subjective luting based on consumer use profiles.
* D1Y = Do It Yourself.
Source: U.S. EPA. 1987.
Exposure Factors Handbook
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>0
Os
I
I
o
T«bks 15-2.
Frequency of Use For Household Solvent Products
Fcrceittilc Rankings {or Frequency of Use'Yetr
Products
Spray Shoe Polish
Water RepellentS'Protectors
Spot Removers
Solvent-Type Chining Fluids or Degreisers
Wood Floor and Paneling Cleaners
Typewriter Correciion Fluid
Adhesive*
Adhesive Removers
SiUcone Lubricants
Other Lubricants (excluding Automotive)
Specialized Electronic Cleaners (for TVs, Etc.)
Uiiex P»int
Oil Paint
Wood Stains, Varnishes, and Finishes
Paint Rentovers'Strippers
Flint Thinners
Aerosol Spray Paint
Primers and Special Primers
Aerosol Rust Removers
Outdoor Water Repellents (for Wood or Cement)
Glass Frosttags, Window Tints, and Artificial
Snow
Engine Degrcasers
Carburetor Cleaners
Aerosol Spray Paints for Cars
Auto Spray Primers
Spray Lubricant for Cars
Transmission Cleaners
Battery Terminal Protectors
Brake Quielers Cleaners
Gasket Remover
Tiie/Hubcap CIttners
Ignition and Wire Drvers
NA = Not Available
Source' Wcstat I987a
Mean
10.23
3.50
15.59
16.46
8.48
40.00
8.89
4.22
10.32
10.66
13.41
3.93
5.66
4.21
3.68
6.78
4.22
3.43
6,17
2.07
2.78
4.18
3.77
4.50
6.42
10.31
2.28
3.95
3.00
2.50
11.18
3.01
Sid. dcv.
20.10
11.70
43.34
44.12
20.89
74.78
26.20
12.30
25.44
25.46
38.16
20.81
23.10
12.19
9.10
22.10
15.59
8.76
9.82
3.71
21.96
13.72
740
9,71
33.89
30.71
3.55
24.33
6.06
4i39
18.67
5.71
Mln.
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.03
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
00
1
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0,03
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
1.00
1.00
im
NA
1.00
NA
NA
1.00
1.00
5
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
iJoo
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.23
1.00
1.00
1.00
1,00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
25
2.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
NA
4.00
2.00
1,00
2.00
100
2.00
.00
.00
.00
4.00
.00
,00
,00
.00
.00
1.00
1.00
1,00
1.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
1,00
50
4.00
2.00
3.00
4,00
2.00
12.00
3.00
1,00
3.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
3.00
1.00
2.00
2.00
1.00
4.00
2.00
75
8.00
3.00
10.00
12.00
6.00
40.00
6.00
3.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
3.00
4.00
4.00
3;00
6.00
2.00
1. 00
3.25
3.00
4.00
3.75
6.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
12.00
3.00
90
24.30
6.00
40.00
46.00
24.00
100.00
15.00
6.00
20.00
20.00
24.00
6.00
6.00
7.00
6.00
12.00
6.10
6.00
15.00
3.00
2.00
6.70
6.00
10.00
10.00
20.00
3.00
4.00
6.00
5.00
30.00
5.00
95
52.00
1000
52.00
52.00
50.00
200.00
»00
16-80
46.35
50.00
52,00
10.00
12.00
12.00
11.80
23.00
12.00
10.00
24,45
5,90
2,00
12.00
12.00
15.00
15.00
40.00
9.00
6.55
10.40
6.50
50.00
9.70
99
111.26
35.70
300.00
300.00
56.00
365.00
100.00
100.00
150.00
100.00
224.50
30.00
139.20
50.80
44.56
100.00
31.05
50.06
50.90
12,00
27.20
41.70
47.28
60.00
139.00
105.60
NA
41.30
NA
NA
77.00
44.52
Mas.
156.00
300.00
365.00
365.00
350.00
520.00
500.00
100,00
300.00
420.00
400.00
800.00
300.00
350.00
100.00
352.00
365.00
104.00
80.00
52.00
365.00
300.00
100.00
100.00
500.00
365,00
26.00
365.00
52.00
30.00
200.00
60.00
9
.
s.
4-
8*
I
-------
c g
* g
Table 15-3.
Exposure Tune of Use For Household Solvent Products
Perceniile Rankings for Duration of Use (mins)
Products
Spray Shoe Polish
Water Repellents/Protectors
Spot Removers
Solvent-Type Cleaning Fluids or
Degrcasers
Wood Floor and Paneling Cleaners
Typewriter Correction Fluid
Adhesives
Adhesive Removers
Silicone Lubricants
Other Lubricaius (excluding
Automotive)
Specialized Electronic Cleaners
(for TVs. Etc.)
Latex Paint
Oil Paint
Wood Stains. Varnishes, and Finishes
Paint Removers/Strippers
Paint Thinners
Aerosol Spray Paint
Primers and Special Primers
Aerosol Rust Removers
Outdoor Water Repellents
(for Wood or Cement)
Glass Frostings. Window Tims, and
Artificial Snow
Engine Degreasers,
Carburetor Cleaners
Aerosol Spray Paints for Cars
Auto Spray Primers
Spray Lubricant for Cars
Transmission Cleaners
Battery Terminal Protectors
Brake Quieten/Cleaners
Gasket Remover
Tire/Hubcap Cleaners
lenition and Wire Drvers
NA = Not Available
Source* Westat 1987a
Mean
Cmins1)
7.49
14.46
10.68
29.48
74^04
7.62
15.58
121.20
10.42
8.12
9.47
295.08
194.12
117.17
125.27
39.43
39.54
91.29
18.57
104.94
29.45
29.29
13.57
42.77
51.45
9.90
27.90
9.61
23.38
23.57
22.66
7 24
Std.
dev.
9.60
24.10
22.36
97.49
128.43
29.66
81.80
171.63
29.47
32.20
45.35
476.11
345.68
193.05
286.59
114.85
87.79
175.05
48.54
115.36
48.16
48.14
23.00
71.39
86.11
35.62
61.44
18.15
36.32
27.18
23.94
848
Min.
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.05
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.03
0:05
0.02
0.17
0.03
0.07
0.33
0.08
0.02
1
0.03
0.08
0.03
0.03
1.00
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
1.00
0.51
0.74
0.38
0.08
0.17
0.24
0.05
0.05
0.14
0.95
0.08
0.19
0.22
0.03
NA
0.04
NA
NA
0.71
0.02
5
0.25
O.JO
0.08
1.00
5.00
0.03
0.08
1.45
0.08
0.05
0.08
22.50
15.00
5.00
5.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
0.17
5.00
2.00
2.00
0.33
1.00
2.00
0.08
0.35
0.08
0.50
0.50
3.00
0.08
10
0.50
1.40
0.25
2.00
10.00
0.03
0.33
3.00
0.17
0.08
0.17
30.00
30.00
10.00
5.00
2.00
5.00
5.00
0.25
15.00
3.00
5.00
1.00
3.00
5.00
0.17
1.80
0.23
1.00
2.00
5.00
0.47
25
2.00
3.00
2.00
5.00
20.00
0.17
1.00
15.00
0.50
0.50
0.50
90.00
60.00
30.00
20.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
2.00
30.00
5.00
10.00
3.00
10.00
10.00
1.00
5.00
1.00
5.00
6.25
10.00
1.50
50
5.00
10.00
5.00
15.00
30.00
1.00
4.25
60.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
180.00
12.00
60.00
60.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
5.00
60.00
15.00
15.00
7.00
20.00
27.50
5.00
15.00
5.00
15.00
15.00
15.00
5.00
75
10.00
15.00
10.00
30.00
90.00
2.00
10.00
120.00
10.00
5.00
5.00
360.00
240.00
120.00
120.00
30.00
45.00
120.00
20.00
120.00
30.00
30.00
15.00
60.00
60.00
10.00
30.00
10.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
10.00
90
18.00
30.00
30.00
60.00
147.00
10.00
30.00
246.00
20.00
15.00
20.00
480.00
480.00
140.00
240.00
60.00
60.00
240.00
60.00
240.00
60.00
60.00
30.00
120.00
120.00
15.00
60.00
20.00
49.50
60.00
60.00
15.00
95
30.00
60.00
30.00
120.00
240.00
32.00
60.00
480.00
45.00
30.00
30.00
810.00
579.00
360.00
420.00
180.00
120.00
360.00
60.00
300.00
96.00
120.00
45.00
145.00
180.00
30.00
60.00
30.00
120.00
60.00
60.00
25.50
99
60.00
120.00
120.00
300.00
480.00
120.00
180.00
960.00
180.00
90.00
93.60
2880.00
1702.80
720.00
1200.00
480.00
300.00
981.60
130.20
480.00
268.80
180.00
120.00
360.00
529.20
120.00
NA
120.00
NA
NA
120.00
48.60
Max
60.00
480.00
360.00
1800.00
2700.00
480.00
2880.00
960.00
360.00
900.00
900.00
5760.00
5760.00
280.00
4320.00
2400.00
1800.00
1920.00
720.00
960.00
360.00
900.00
300.00
900.00
600.00
720.00
450.00
180.00
240.00
180.00
240.00
60.00
•W
f
I
I
3
a
t
-------
Tabtel5-«. AITKUJU of Products U«d For HoUKhoMSoUcw Products
Percenlile Ringings for Amxrt of Products Used lounccs/yr)
Products
Spray Shoe Polish
Water Repellenti'Proteclors
Spa Removers
Solvent-Type Cleaning Fluids or
Degrwsers
Wood Floor and Paneling Cleaners
Typewriter Correction Fluid
Adhesive*
Adhesive Removere
Silicon: Lubricants
Other Lubricants (excluding
Automotive)
Specialized Electronic Cleaners
(for TVs, Etc.)
Latex Paint
Oil Paint
Wood Stains, Varnishes, ind
Finishes
Paiia Removers/Strippers
Paint Thinners
Aerosol Spray Paint
Primers and Special Primers
Aerosol Rust Removers
Outdoor Water Repellents
ifor Wood or Cement)
Glass Frostings, Window Tints, and
Artificial Snow
Engine Degreasers
Carburetor Cleaners
Aerosol Spray Paints for Cars
Auto Spray Primers
Spray Lubricant for Cars
Transmission Cleaners
Batteiy Terminal Protectors
Brake Quietets/CIeaners
Gasket Remover
Tire/Hubcap Cleaners
Ignition and Wire Drvcis
N'A = Not Available
Source' Westat 1987a
Mean
foances vr-
9.90
11.33
26.32
58.30
28.41
4.14
7,49
34.46
12.50
9,93
9.43
371,27
168.92
65.06
63.73
69.45
30.75
68.39
18.21
148.71
13.82
46.95
22.00
44,95
70.37
18.63
35.71
16.49
11.72
13.25
31.58
901
Sid.
dev
17.90
22.00
90.10
226.97
57.23
13.72
55.90
96.60
27.85
44.18
55.26
543.86
367.82
174.01
144,33
190.55
53.84
171.21
81.37
280.65
14.91
135.17
50.60
89.78
274.56
54.74
62.93
87.84
13.25
22.35
80.39
1459
Milt
0.04
0,«
0,01
0.04
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.25
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.03
0.02
0.12
0.64
0.03
0.02
0.01
0,09
0.01
1.00
0.04
0.10
0.04
0.12
0.08
2.00
0.12
0.50
0.50
0.12
0.13
1
0.20
0.47
0,24
0.50
0.80
0.02
0.02
0.29
0.20
0.18
0.05
4.00
0.33
1.09
1.50
0.45
0.75
0.09
0.25
0.37
1.40
1.56
0.50
0,14
0.77
0.40
NA
0.13
NA
NA
0.50
031
5
0.63
0.93
0.60
2.00
2.45
0.06
0.05
1.22
0.69
0.30
0.13
12.92
4.00
4.00
4.00
3.10
2.01
1.30
1.00
3.63
2.38
4.00
1.50
1.50
3.00
0.96
3.75
0.58
1.00
1.00
1.82
1.09
10
1.00
1.43
1.00
3.00
3.50
0.12
0.12
2.80
LOO
0.52
0.25
32.00
8.00
4.00
8.00
4,00
3.25
3.23
1.43
8.00
3.25
6.00
3.00
3.00
4.00
1.00
4.00
1.00
2.00
1.00
3.00
1.50
25
2.00
2.75
2.00
6.50
7.00
0.30
0.35
6.00
2.25
1.00
0.52
64.00
25.20
8.00
16.00
8.00
7.00
8.00
2.75
16.00
6.00
12.00
5.22
6.12
9.00
2.75
8.00
2.00
3.02
3.75
6.00
3.00
50
4.50
6,00
5.50
16.00
14.00
0.94
1.00
10.88
4.50
2.25
2.00
256.00
64.00
16.00
32.00
20.48
13.00
16.00
8.00
64.00
12,00
16,00
12!00
16100
16iOQ
6.00
15.00
4.00
8.00
7.75
12.00
6.00
75
10.00
12.00
16.00
32.00
30.00
2.40
3.00
32.00
12,00
8,00
6.00
384.00
148.48
64.00
64.00
64.00
32.00
60,00
13.00
128.00
14.00
36.00
16.00
48.00
48.00
15.50
32.00
8,00
14.'25
16.00
28.00
10.75
90
24.00
24.00
48.00
96.00
M.OO
8.00
8.00
64.00
24.00
18.00
12.65
857.60
384.00
128.00
128.00
128.00
65.00
128.00
32,00
448.00
28.00
80.00
39.00
100.80
128.00
36.00
77.00
15.00
32.00
24.00
64,00
16.00
95
36.00
33,00
119.20
192,00
96,00
18.00
20.00
138.70
41.20
32.00
24.00
1280.00
640.00
256.00
256.00
256.00
104.00
256.00 ,
42.60
640,00
i
33.00
160.00
75.00
1J6.00
222.00
64.00
140.00
24.60
38.60
58.40
96.00
20.S5
99
99.36
121.84
384.00
845,00
204.40
67.44
128.00
665.60
192.00
128.00
109/84
2560.00
1532.16
768.00
512.00
640.00
240.00
867,75
199.80
979.20
98.40
480.00
212.00
557.76
1167.36
240.00
NA
627.00
NA
NA
443.52
113.04
Max.
180.00
450.00
1600.00
5120.00
1144.00
181.80
1230.00
1024.00
312.00
1280.00
1024.00
6400,00
5120.00
3840.00
2560.00
3200.00
1053.00
1920.00
1280.00
3200.00
120.00
2560.00
672,00
900,00
3840.00
864.00
360.00
1050,00
78.00
160.00
960.00
120.00
I I
re <«
i s
i §
-------
R g
05 1/3
«. ta
g!
t
Table 15-5, Tune Exposed After Duration of Use For Household Solvent Products
Products
Spray Shoe Polish
Water Repellejus/Proiectors
Spot Removers
Solvenl-Type Cleaning Fluids or Degreascrs
Wood Floor and Paneling Cleaners
Typewriter Correction Fluid
Adhesives
Adhesive Removers
Sillcone Lubricants
Other Lubricants (excluding Automotive)
Specialized Electronic Cleaners
(for TV's, Etc.)
Late* Paint
Oil Paint
Wood Stains, Varnishes, and Finishes
Paint Removers/Strippers
Paint Thinncrs
Aerosol Spray Paint
Primers and Special Primers
Aerosol Rust Removers
Outdoor Water Repellents
(forWoodarCemenli
Glass Frostings. Window Tims, and Artificial
Snow
Engine Degreasers
Carburetor Cleaners
Aerosol Spray Paints for Cars
Auto Spray Primers
Spray Lubricant for Cars
Transmission Cleaners
Battery Terminal Prelectors
Brake Quitters/Cleaners
Gasket Remover
Tire/Hubcap Cleaners
Ipnition and Wire Drvers
NA = Not Available
Source: Westat 1987 a
Mean
(mins)
31M
37.95
43.6S
33.79
96.75
124.70
68.88
94.12
30.77
47.45
117.24
91.38
44.56
48.33
31.38
32.86
12.70
22.28
15.06
8.33
137.87
4.52
7.51
10.71
11.37
4.54
5.29
3.25
10,27
27.56
1.51
639
Percemile Rankings for Time Exposed After Duration of Use iminsj
Std.
dev.
80.50
111.40
106.97
90.39
192.88
153.46
163.72
157.69
107.39
I27.il
154.38
254.61
155.19
156.44
103.07
105.62
62.80
65.57
47.58
43.25
243.21
24.39
68.50
45.53
45.08
30.67
29.50
17.27
30.02
58.54
20.43
31 63
Mitt.
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
I
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.00
0.00
5
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
000
10
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
25
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
5.00
30,00
1.00
1.75
0.00
0.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
50
5.00
3.00
3..00
3.00
30.00
60.00
10.00
20.00
0.00
2.00
60.00
5.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
60.00
0,00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
75
20.00
20.00
30.00
28.75
120.00
180.00
60.00
120.00
10.00
30.00
180.00
60.00
30.00
30.00
20.00
15.00
1.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
180.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
12.50
0.00
0.00
90 '
120.00
120.00
120.00
60.00
240.00
360.00
180.00
360.00
60,00
120.00
300.00
240.00
120.00
120.00
60.00
60.00
30.00
60.00
60.00
5.00
360.00
0.00
0.10
17.50
20.00
2.00
5.00
2.90
30.00
120.00
0.00
0.10
95
120.00
240.00
240.00
180.00
480.00
480.00
360.00
480.00
180.00
240.00
480.00
480.00
340.00
240.00
180.00
180.00
60.00
120.00
60.00
58.50
480.00
15.50
30.00
60.00
77.25
15.00
22.50
15.00
120.00
180.00
0.00
30.00
99
480.00
480.00
480.00
480.00
1062.00
600.00
720.00
720.00
480.00
485.40
720.00
1440.00
480.00
694.00
541.20
480.00
260.50
319.20
190.20
309.60
1440.00
120.00
120.60
282.00
360.00
70.20
NA
120.00
NA
NA
30,00
216.60
Max.
720.00
1800.00
1440.00
1440.00
1440,00
1800.00
2100.00
720.00
1440.00
144000
1440.00
2880.00
2880.00
2880.00
1440.00
1440.00
1440.00
720.00
COO.OO
420.00
1800.00
360.00
1800.00
480.00
360.00
420.00
240.00
180.00
120.00
240.00
480.00
240.00
:*
I
3
a
4-
I
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-6. Frequency of Use and Amount of Product Used for Adhesive Removers
Mean
Standard deviation
Minimum Value
1st PcrccinUc
5th Percenfile
10th Pcrccrxilc
25tlt I'creenlilc
Median Value
75llt Pcrcewile
90th Percentile
95lli Pcrcentile
99ili Pereentile
Maximum Value
No. of Times
Used Within the
Last 12 Months
N=58
1. 66
1.67
1.00
1.00
1.00
1. 00
1.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
5.00
12.00
12.00
Minutes
Using
N=52
172.87
304.50
5.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
29.50
120.00.
240.00
480.00
1440.00
1440.00
1440.00
Minutes in Room
After Using'
• N=51
13.79
67.40
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
"0.00
0.00
120.00
420.00
420.00
Minutes in
Room After
Using'
N=5
143.37
169.31
5.00
5.00
5.00
5.00
20.00
120.00
420.00
420.00
420.00
420.00
1440.00
Amount Used in Past
Year (Ruid oz.)
N=51
96.95
213.20
13.00
13.00
13.00
16.00
16.00
32.00
96.00
128.00
384.00
1280.00
1280.00
Amount per
Use (Ruid 02.)
N=51
81.S4
210.44
5.20
5.20
6.50
10.67
16.00
26.00
64.00
128.00
192.00
1280.00
1280.00
' Includes those who did not spend anytime in the room after use.
* Includes only those who spent time in the room.
Source; CPSC, 1992.
Table 15-7, Adhesive Remover Usage by Gender
Gender
Mean isunihcr of month* since last time adliesive remover was used - includes all
respondents, (UnweijlHed N=240)
Mean twnilicr of uses of product in Utc past year.
Mean number of minutes spent with the product during last use.
Mean number of minutes spent in the room after last use of product. (Includes all
recent users)
Mean number of minutes spent in the room after last use of product. (Includes only
those who did not leave immediately)
Mean ounces of product used in the past year.
Mean ounces of product used per use in the past year.
Male
N=25
35,33
1.94
127.95
19.76
143,37
70.48
48.70
Female
N=33
43.K9
1.30
233.43
0
0
139.71
130.36
Source; CPSC, 1992.
Page
15-14
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-8
No, of Times
Used Within the
Last 12 Momhs
N=775
Mean
Standard deviation
Minimum Value
1st Percenlile
5th Percentiie
I0th Percentiie
25th Pereeittile
Median Value
75th Percenlile
90th Pereentile
95th Percentiie
99th Percentiie
Maximum Value
8.23
31.98
.00
.00
.00
.00
.00
2.00
4.00
11.00
20.00
104.00
365.00
Frequency of Use aiul Amount of l*roducl Used for Spray Paint
Minutes Minutes in Room
Using After Using"
N=786 N=79l
40.87
71.71
1.00
1.00
3.00
5.00
10,00
20.00 •
45.00
90.00
120.00
360.00
960,00
3.55
22.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0,00
0.00
120.00
300.00
Minutes in Room
After Using*
N=35
65.06
70.02
1,00
1.00
1.00
10.00
15.00
30,00
60.00
120.00
120.00
300.00
300.00
Amount Used in
.Past Year
(Fluid oz.)
N=778
83.92
175.32
13.00
13.00
13.00
13.00
13.00
26.00
65.00
156.00
260.00
1 170.00
1664.00
Amount per
Use (Fluid oz.)
N=778
19.04
25.34
0.36
0.36
3.47
6.50
9.75
13.00
21.67
36.11
52.00
104.00
312.00
* Includes those who did not spend anytime in the room after use,
* Includes only those who spenl time in the room.
Source: CPSC, 1992.
Table 15-9. Spray Paint Usage by Gender
Gender
Mean number of months since last time spray paint was used - includes all
respondents. (Unweighted N= 1724)
Mean number of uses of product in the past year.
Mean number of minutes spent with the product during last use.
Mean number of minutes spent in the room after last use of product. (Includes all
recent users)
Mean number of minutes spent in the room after last use of product. (Includes only
those who did not leave immediately)
Mean ounces of product used in the past year.
Mean ounces of product used per use in the past year.
Male
N=405
17,39
10.45
40.87
5.49
67.76
103.07
18.50
Female
N=386
26.46
4.63
40.88
0.40
34.69
59.99
19.92
Source: CPSC, 1992.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-15
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-10. Frequency of Use and Amount of Product Used for Paint Removers/Strippers
Mean
Standard deviation
Minimum Value
1st Pcrccrtik
Sih PercentUe
10th Perccmae
25th PcrecntUc
Median Vilue
75lh Percentile
90ih Percemilc
95th PercemiJe
99th Pcrccrtilc
Maximum Value
No. of Times
Used Within Ilic
Last 12 Months
N=316
3,54
7.32
1,00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
6,00
12.00
50.00
70.00
* Includes Uiose who did not spend anytime
* Includes only those wl» spent time in the
Source: C'PSC. 1992.
Minutes
Using
N=390
144.59
175.54
2,00
5.00
15.00
20.00
45.00
120.00
180.00
360.00
480.00
720.00
1440.00
Minutes in Koom
After Using*
N=390
12.96
85.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.po
0.00
0.00
10.00
60.00
180.00
1440.00
Minutes in Room
After Using*
N=39
93.88
211.71
1.00
1.00
1.00
3,00
10.00
60.00
120.00
180.00
420.00
1440.00
1440.00
Amount Used in
fast Year
(Fluid oz.)
N=307
142.05
321.73
15.00
15.00
16,00
16.00
32.00
64.00
128.00
256.00
384.00
1920.00
3200.00
Amount per
Use (Fluid oz.)
N=307
64.84
157.50
0.35
2.67
8.00
10.67
16.00
32.00
64.00
128,00
192.00
320.00
2560.00
in the room after use.
room.
Table 15-11. Paint Stripper Usage by Gender
Gender
Mean number of months since last time paint stripper was used - includes all
respondents. (Unweighted N=»1724)
Mean number of uses of product in the past year.
Mem number of minutes spent with the product during last use.
Mean number of minutes spent in the room after last use of product. (Includes all
recent users)
Mean number of minutes spent in the room after last use of product. (Includes only
those who did not leave immediately)
Mean ounces of product used in the past year.
Mean ounces of product used per use in (lie past year.
Male
N=156
32.07
3.88
136.70
15.07
101.42
160.27
74.32
Female
N=162
47.63
3.01
156.85
9.80
80.15
114.05
50.29
Source: CPSC, 1992.
Page
15-16
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter IS - Consumer Products
Table 15-12
Tasks
Clean Bathroom Sinks and Tubs
Clean Kilclwn Sinks
Clean Inside of Cabinets
(such as kitchen)
Clean Outside of Cabinets
Wipe Off Kitchen Counters
Thoroughly Clean Counters
Clean Bathroom Floors
Clean Kitchen Hoors
Clean Bathroom or Other Tilted or Ceramic
Total Exposure Time of Performing Task and Product Type
Used by Task For Household Cleaning Products
Mean Median Product Type
(hrs/veart (hrs/veart Used
44 26 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
41 IS Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Oilier
12 5 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
21 6 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
92 55 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
24 13 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
20 9 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
31 14 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
Walls 16 9 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Oilier
Percent of
Preference
29%
44%
16%
10%
\%
31%
61%
2%
4%
2%
68%
12%
2%
16%
2%
61%
8%
16%
13%
2%
67%
13%
2%
15%
3%
56%
21%
5%
17%
1%
70%
21%
2%
4%
3%
70%
27%
2%
1%
37%
18%
17%
25%
3«
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-17
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter IS - Consumer Products
Table 15-12. Total Exposure Time of Performing Task and Product Type Used by
Task For Household Cleaning Products (continued)
Tasks
Clean Outside of Windows
Clean Inside of Windows
Clean Glass Surfaces Such as Mirrors & Tables
Clean Duiside of Refrigerator and Oilier Appliances
Clean Spots or Dirt on Walls or Doors
Finis IKS
Mean Median Product Type
(hrs/vear) (hrs/veart Used
13 6 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
18 6 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
34 13 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Otlicr
27 13 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
19 8 Liquid
Powder
Aerosol
Spray pump
Other
Percent of
Preference
27%
2%
6%
65%
24%
1%
8%
66%
2%
13%
1%
8%
76%
2%
48%
3%
7%
38%
4%
46%
15%
4%
30%
4%
Source: Wcstat. 1987b.
Page
15-18
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter IS - Consumer Products
Table 15-13. Pcrcenlilc Rankings for Tola! Exposure Time in Performing liousctold Tasks
I'erccntile Rankings for Total Kxpusurc Hxpusurc Time Performing Task
(lirs/yr)
Tasks
Clean Bathroom Sinks and Tubs
Clean Kitchen Sinks
Clean Inside of Kitchen Cabinets
Clean Outside of Cabinets
Wipe Off Kitclien Counters
Thoroughly Clean Counters
Clean Bathroom Floors
Clean Kitchen Floors
Clean Bathroom or Other Tilted or Ceramic
Walls
Clean Outside of Windows
Clean inside of Windows
Clean Glass Surfaces Such as Mirrors & Tables
Clean Outside Refrigerator and Other
Appliances
Clean Spots or Dirt on Walls or Dcxirs
100th
365
547.5
208
780
912.5
547.5
' 365
730 -
208
468
273
1460
365
312
95th
121.67
121.67
48
78.66
456.25
94.43
71.49
96.98
52
32.6
72
104
95.29
78
90lh
91.25
97.6
32.48
36
231.16
52
36,83
52
36
24
36
60.83
91.25
52
75lh
52
60.83
12
17,33
91.25
26
26
26
26
11.5
19.5
26
30.42
24
50lh
26
18.25
4.75
6
54.75
13
8.67
14
8.67
6
6
13
13
8
25th
13
8.67
2
2
24.33
6
4.33
8.67
3
2
3
6
4.33
2
10th
5.2
3.47
1
0.967-
12.17
1.75
2
4.33
1
1.5
1.15
1.73
1.81
0.568
Oth
0.4
0.33
0.17
0.07
1.2
0.17
0.1
0.5
0.17
0.07
0.07
0.17
0.1
0.07
Source: Westat, 1987b.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-19
-------
J
w
§
Table 15- 14. Mctn Percentile Rankings for Frequency of Performing Household Tub
Tasks
Clean bathroom sinks and nibs
Clean kitchen sinks
Clean inside of cabinets such as those in the
Mtchsn
Clean outside of cabinets
Wipe off counters such as those in Uie
kitchen
Thoroughly clean couniers
Clean bathroom ROMS
Clean tiichen doors
Clean bathroom or other tiled or ceramic
»alls
Clean outside of windows
Clean inside of windows
Clean otiier glass surfaces such as mirrors
and tables
Clean outside of refrigerator and other
appliances
Clean spots or dirt on walls or doors
Source: Wcstal, 1987b.
Mean
3 x/weefc
7 x/week
9 a/year
3 .Vmorah
2 x/day
8 x/month
6x/monlh
6x/iaonlh
4 x/monlh
5 a/year
10 x/year
7 ft/month
10 x/month
fix' mo rah
Percenlile Rankings
Oil!
02xweek
Ox week
1 x year
0,! x/month
Ox. day
0. 1 x month
0,2 x. month
O.I x, month
0. 1 x month
1 x,year
1 .vyear
O.I xroomh
0.2 x, month
0.1 .'.month
10th
1 x/week
1 x/week
1 x/ye«r
0.1 x/motuh
0.4 x/day
0,8 Vmonlh
Ix/rnonA
1 x/month
0.2 x/monlh
1 x/year
1 x/year
1 x/monlh
1 x/month
0,2x/moath
2Slh
1 x/week
2xAveelc
1 x/year
0.3 x/nionlh
Ix/day
1 x/monlh
2 x-'monih
2x/nxMh
1 x/month
I x/year
2x/ye«r
2x/DMnih
2x/monlh
0.3 x/n»nlh
50*
2 x/week
7 x/week
2x/ye«r
1 x/raonth
1 x/day
4 x/monlh
4 x/nttnth
4 x/month
2 i/monlh
2x/year
4 x/year
4 x/monlh
4 x/month
1 x/month
75th
3.5 x/week
7 x/week
12 x/year
4x/momh
3 x'day
4 x/monlh
4ji/nionth
4 x/month
4 x/month
4 x/year
12 x/year
4 x/month
13 x/month
4x/moBth
90th
7 x/week
15 x/week
12 x/year
4x/m0n!h
4 x/day
30 x/n>onih
ISx/momh
13 x/monlh
9x/roonlh
12 x/year
24x/ye»r
17 x/roonlh
30 x/monlh
13s/momh
95th
7 x/week
21 x/weck
52 x/year
22x/monlh
fix/day
30 ,\/ month
30x/tnonth
30 x/month
13x/nwnlh
12 x/ye«r
52x/ye»r
30x/nionlh
30 x/month
30 ViiBiuh
100th
42 x-'week
23 x/week
15fix/ye«r
30x/monh
16x/d»y
183 x/monlh
30 x/monlh
30 x/monlh
30x/mouh
156 x/year
156 x/year
61 x/monlh
61 x/raonth
152 x/montfl
I
3
OS
a
s.
ft- §v
& Si
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-15. Mean and PcrccnlUc Rankings for Exposure Time Per Event of Performing Household Tasks
Tasks
Clean bathroom sinks and tubs
Clean kitchen sinks
Clean inside of cabinets such as those in the
kitchen
Clean outside of cabinets
Wipe off counters such as those in the kitchen
Thoroughly clean counters
Clean bathroom floors
Clean kitchen floors
Clean bathroom or other tiied or ceramic walls
Clean outside of windows
Clean inside of windows
Clean other glass surfaces such as mirrors and
tables
Clean outside of refrigerator and other
appliances
Clean spots or dirt on walls or doors
Mean
(minutes/event)
20
10
137
52
9
25
16
30
34
180
127
24
19
50
Percentile Rankings (minutes/event)
Oth
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
4
1
1
I
I0th
5
2
24
5
2
5
5
10
5
30
20
5
4
5
25th
10
3
44
15
3
10
10
15
15
60
45
10
5
10
SQih
' 15
5
120
30
5
15
15
20
30
120
90
15
10
20
75th
30
10
180
60
10
30
20
.30
45
240
158
30
20
60
- 90lh
45
15
240
120
15
60
30
60
60
420
300
60
30
120
95th
60
20
360
180
30
90
38 •
60
120.
480
381
60
45
216
100th
90
480
2,880
330
120
180
60
180
240
1,200
1,200
180
240
960
Source: Westat, 1987b.
Table 15-16
lYoducts
Dish Detergents
Glass Cleaners
Floor Cleaners
Furniture Polish
Bathroom Tile Cleaners
Liquid Cleansers
Scouring Powders
Laundry Detergents
Rug Cleaners/Shampoos
All Purpose Cleaners
Total Exposure Time for Ten Product Groups Most
Mean
(lirs/yr)
107
67
52
32
47
68
78
66
12
64
Frequently Used For Household Cleaning"
Percenlile Rankings of Total Exposure Time
(lirs/yr)
Olh
0.2
0.4
0.7
O.I
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.6
0,3
0.3
10th
6
3 .
4
0.3
2
2
9
8
0.3
4
25th
24
12
7
I
8
9
17
14
0.3
9
50th
56
29
22
12
17
22
35
48
9
26
75th
134
62
52
36
48
52
92
103
26
77
90th
274
139
102
101
IIS
122
165
174
26
174
95lh
486
260
414 ,,
215
287
215 - •
281
202
26
262
100th
941
1,508
449
243
369
2,381
747
202
26
677
1 The data in Table 15-15 above reflect for only the 14 tasks included in the survey. Therefore, many of the durations reported in the
table underestimate the hours of the use of the product group. For example, use of dish detergents to wash dishes is not included.
Source: Westat, 1987b,
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-21
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-17. Total Exposure Time of Painting Activity of Interior Painters (hrs)
Mean
Types of Pail* (hrs) Sid. dev.
Latex 12.2 11.28
Oil-based 10.68 15.56
W«xl Stains and Varnishes 8.57 10.S5
Percentile Rankings for Duration of Painting Activity
(hrs)
Min. 10 25 50 75 90 95 Max.
13 4 9 15 24 40 248
1 1.6 3 6 10 21.6 65.6 72
i 1 2 4 9.3 24 40 42
Source: Wcstat, I987c.
Table 15-18.
Types of Pa ini
Latex
Oil-based
Wood Stains and
Varnislics
Sourec: Westat.
Exposure Time of Interior Painting Activity/Occasion (hrs) and Frequency of Occasions Spent Painting Per Year
Duration of Frequency of
Painting/Occasion Occasions Spent
(hrs) Painting/Year Percentile Rankings for Frequency of Occasions Spent Painting
Mean Median Mean Std. dev. Min
2.97 3 4.16 5.54 1
2.14 3 5.06 11.98 1
2.15 2 4.02 4.89 i
1987c.
10 25 50 75 90 95 Max.
12 3 4 9 10 62
11 2 4 8 26 72
11 2 4 9 20 20
Table 15-19. Amount of Paint Used by Interior Painters
Median
Types of Paint (gallons)
Latex 3.0
Oa-bascd 2.0
Wood Stains and 0.75
Varnishes
Percemile Rankings for Amount of Paint Used
Mean Std. (gallons)
(gallons) dev.
Min 10 25 50 75 90 95 Max.
3.89 4.56 0.13 1 2 3 5 8 10 50
2.55 3.03 0.13 0.25 0.5 2 3 7 12 12
0.88 0.81 0.13 0.14 0.25 0.75 122 4.25
Source: Westat, 1987c.
Page
15-22
Exposure Factors Handboo
August 199
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
T«bl» 15-20. Nwb*r of Cm or
Bottl« of Cirfaofwt*
CM-BOTTIE CARBONATED
OlMONE
BESPO- RESPO-
OVERAU
1:HALE
2: FEMALE
9sREF
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:11-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
~-m*.mmm •Af K »«-«.
1;UHITE
2:BLACK
3:ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
5:HISMMIC
9sR«
0:MO
1:Y£S
6:DK
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
i:FULL TIME
2:PART TINE
3 SHOT EMPLOYED
9:fiEF
EDUCATION
^
1:< HICK SCHOOL
2:NICN SCHOOL MAD
3:< COLLEGE
4;cou.ESE mum.
5:POST BUD.
— CENSUS REGION
1 : NORTHEAST
2:MIDUEST
3: SOUTH
4:UEST
— DAT OF WEK
1 :UEEKDAY
2:UEEKEND
1:U1NTER
2:SPR[NG
3:SUHMER
, 4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
8sD«
0:NO
1sYES
8:OK
— MOMCH/EMPHYS
0:NO
1:YES
8:OK
ALL
II
4663
2163
2498
2
64
263
348
326
2972
670
3774
463
77
96
193
60
4244
347
26
46
.«
926
2017
379
1309
32
*.«
1021
399
1253
895
650
445
--
1048
1036
1601
978
3156
1507
1264
1181
1275
943
4287
341
35
4500
125
33
*.
4424
203
36
MOTE: . « HISSING DATA;
Source; Taang and
Klepeii,
ND.
N
35
16
19
4
i
3
17
8
20
6
1
1
7
24
2
7
4
11
14
4
11
2
11
2
6
8
13
9
31
4
5
13
13
4
27
1
7
27
6
26
3
6
DK '
1996.
HO.
N
2181
9SO
1230
1
48
194
169
88
1218
464
1760
212
48
SB
81
22
2004
148
13
16
448
788
160
768
17
484
221
S48
438
294
196
559
446
691
485
1475
706
593
S48
574
466
2008
159
14
2086
80
15
2063
106
12
DON'T
Soft Brink consuKd by the Respondent
DRINKS
1s1-2 2:3-5 3:6-9
RES DRANK
4l10-
19 5:20*
8:DK
•ESK>- RESPO- DESK- BESPO- RESPO- RESPO-
MD.
N
1720
804
915
1
19
59
152
160
1159
171
1398
177
25
27
75
18
1561
140
8
11
369
•14
156
375
*
397
120
459
308
256
180
345
405
621
349
1183
537
477
432
475
B6
1585
129
6
1681
• 33
6
1644
66
10
KNOW; N
NO.
N
568
308
260
•
6
7
20
61
457
17
475
50
3
8
27
5
517
42
4
5
84
317
52
114
1
98
39
190
104
83
54
106
133
220
109
367
201
144
149
158
117
529
37
2
556
8
4
546
19
3
ND.
N
100
56
44
-
2
1
f
7
87
3
80
10
1
7
3
88
11
i
6
64
9
21
9
12
29
32
8
10
21
30
35
14
64
36
31
27
30
12
90
9
1
97
1
2
95
5
NO. NO.
N H
28
16
12
•
.
.
1
3
23
1
20
5
i
1
1
25
2
i
4
18
1
5
4
3
9
9
2
1
5
10
10
3
18
10
9
7
8
4
25
3
28
a
26
2
4
1
3
,
,
1
3
.
2
2
_
f
.
4
,
.
1
2
i
.
1
f
1
1
1
1
1
r
2
2
2
2
1
f
1
3
1
.
4
B
4
w
•
ND.
N
27
12
15
3
2
5
3
8
6
1?
1
i
1
5
19
2
1
5
10
3
1
9
4
17
2
6
1
i
3
6
11
7
16
11
3
4
17
3
20
2
5
21
1
5
20
2
5
« SAMPLE SIZE
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-23
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
T«bl« 15-21. Frequency
[USE
of Cologne,
Perfume
, Aftershave or Other Fragrances Used In One Bay
COU3GNE-PERFUHE-AFTERSHAVE-
HOW KANY
TIHES
FRAGRANCE]
1:1-2 2:3-5 3:6-9 4:10» 8:DK
OVERALL
"•*~~ G£HQER »»w
1-.KA1.E
2: FEMALE
2:5-11
3:12-U
4:18-64
5:> 64
1:»miTE
2:BLACX
3:ASIAN
4:SOME OTHERS
5:KISPAN1C
9:REF
0:HO
1:YES
8:BK
9:REF
•-- EHPLOTMEHT
f
1:rUlL TIME
2:PART TtH£
3: HOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION -
.
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2: HIGH SCHOOL CHAD
3:< COLLEGE
4sCOUEGE BRAD.
5:POST GRAB,
— CENSUS REGION
UKOtTHEAST
2:HIDUEST
3:SOUTH
4:WEST
•-- DAT OF WEEK
1 : WEEKDAY
2:UEEKEHD
1:UIHTER
2:SPXIH6
3>SUM4£R
4:FALL
0:110
1:YES
8:OK
0:XO
1:TES
8:OIC
-- BROHCH/EKPHTS
0:NO
1:TES
8:DK
MOTE: . • HISSINC
Source: Tseng and
ALL
N
2223
912
1311
33
26
144
1735
285
1781
242
30
38
111
21
2012
182
11
18
157
1195
240
618
13
208
190
739
504
331
251
459
530
813
421
1480
743
604
588
568
463
2075
143
5
2161
52
10
--
2112
103
8
RESP. RESP. RESP
N H
2100
868
1232
31
24
133
1635
277
1684
233
• 30
35
98
20
1909
165
9
17
145
1125
228
591
11
194
177
704
480
308
37
434
502
766
398
1402
698
574
549
S35
442
1959
136
5
2043
47
10
1994
98
8
PATA; *OK* » DOH'T
KUpeis,
1996.
N
113
44
69
1
2
9
93
8
91
7
3
11
1
95
15
2
1
10
67
11
23
2
12
13
32
21
21
14
21
25
46
21
71
42
26
36
31
20
106
7
108
5
108
5
KNOW;
. RESP
N
4
4
1
3
.
4
f
.
4
2
2
t
f
2
i
3
1
_
3
1
1
1
2
.
4
.
4
f
4
,
•
% * ROW
RESP.
H
2
2
1
1
.
i
f
,
i
1
1
,
.
1
f
i
.
,
1
,
f
i
i
1
2
1
1
.
2
f
.
2
2
•
4
4
i
3
.
2
1
^
s
1
.
3
1
,
1
1
2
.
1
.
1
2
f
f
1
2
i
4
.
2
1
,
1
4
f
4
4
-
rctlCEOTAfiE; II = SAHPLE SIZE
Page
15-24
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Tablt 15-22.
OVERALL
..... (tcuncD ......
1:HALE
2: FEMALE
9:REF
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
__„... DAPF ._.....
1:UHITE
Z:BUCK
3:ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
S:HISPAMIC
9:REF
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
.
1:FULL TIKE
2:PART TINE
3:NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION
B
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HICH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAD.
— CENSUS REGION
1:NORTHEAST
2:HIDWEST
3:SOUTH
4:WEST
--- DAT OF WEEK —
1:UEEKDAT
2:UEEKEMD
1:UINTER
2:SPRING
3:SUHMER
4: FALL
...... ACTIUIA ....
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
0:NO
1:TES
8:DK
— BRONCH/EHPHTS
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
NOTE: . • MISSING DATA;
ALL
N
1491
528
962
1
Z7
40
75
103
1071
175
1232
131
24
22
73
9
1359
119
6
7
210
714
152
404
11
240
128
528
311
161
123
292
340
585
274
994
497
381
408
400
302
1387
100
4
1451
35
5
1411
74
6
•OK-
Frequency of Use of Any Aerosol Spray Product for Personal Care
Such as Deodorant or Hair Spray
1
RESP.
N
1019
375
644
.
14
30
57
53
7Z4
141
855
84
18
12
45
5
937
74
3
137
492
99
284
7
151
83
365
212
115
93
201
227
388
203
695
324
264
269
282
204
950
66
3
990
26
3
972
44
3
- DON'T
2
RESP.
N
352
125
226
1
a
9
14
31
263
27
285
32
5
8
19
3
316
32
2
52
171
35
92
2
61
37
121
77
34
22
70
85
148
49
220
132
86
104
86
76
327
24
1
344
7
1
322
29
1
KNOW;
[DID
3
RESP.
N
57
14
43
.
1
1
12
39
4
47
5
1
4
.
49
7
1
11
24
7
14
1
14
2
23
7
8
3
a
14
23
12
35
22
15
12
21
9
53
4
.
55
1
1
55
1
1
X ' ROW
SM USE AEROSOL SPRAY PRODUCTS]
ABOUT HOW MANY TIMES
4 5
RESP. RESP
N N
22
4
18
.
2
B
1
4
15
17
3
t
.
1
1
20
2
B
4
11
6
1
6
1
7
3
1
4
8
4
8
2
17
5
5
9
5
3
20
2
22
f
32
•
PERCENTAGE;
.
17
3
14
•
1
1
1
1
13
.
8
5
B
.
4
.
13
4
B
f
3
5
5
4
a
4
1
5
6
1
,
1
3
8
5
12
5
4
9
2
2
15
2
17
B
17
•
N
6 7 10
RESP. RESP. RESP.
N N N
2 1
2
1
•
.
1
m m
1 1
.
2
f f
• - •
1
_
.
2 1
t t
f
1
1 1
. .
, t
1
i '.
1
B 9
f
i I
1
i
1
1 1
'. i
1
1
2 1
.
2 1
f f
2 1
•
• SAMPLE SIZE
3
3
•
t
m
1
2
.
3
B
m
.
f
.
3
f
f
1
1
i
m
1
2
a
.
B
i
2
1
2
i
2
1
2
3
m
3
•
11:MORE
THAN
10 88:DK
RESP. RESP.
N N
10
2
8
-
.
i
8
1
10
B
f
.
<
.
10
t
f
1
4
4
1
.
2
2
1
4
1
.
1
3
4
2
7
3
4
1
1
4
10
.
9
1
m
9
i
8
3
5
•
1
.
.
5
2
5
2
1
.
f
.
8
B
B
f
f
4
2
2 '
.
2
3
1
1
1
3
2
3
.
6
2
3
2
2
1
8
m
.
8
f
8
•
Source: Tsang and Klepets, 1996.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-25
-------
I
o
g
J
g
o
Ttbli
GROUP turn
OVERALL,
GENDER
GENDER
if K
Hut
ACE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
MCI
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAT OF UEEK
OAT OF UEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BROMH/ENPHYS
BRONCH/EMPHYS
15-Z5. Nurtxr of Minuttf Spmt
WOUP CODE
1;NALE
2:FEMALE
1* 1»i
» I"*
2t5-?1
3s12-17
4s1B-64
5s» 64
1: WHITE
2:1UCK
3:ASIAN
4: SOME OTHERS
SsHlSPANIC
0:W)
1:TES
IsFULL TINE
2: PART TIME
3: HOT EMPLOYED
1s« NIGH SCHOOL
2:H1GH SCHOOL GRAO
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE MM.
SiPOST GRAB.
1:NORTNE«ST
2:NIDiCST
3:SOUTH
4: WEST
1: WEEK! AT
2-.ve.Kim
1:UINTER
2:SPRING
38SUHMER
4: FAIL
0:NO
1:TES
0:NO
1:TES
0:NO
1:TES 11
».,
276
US
tJ1
12
20
212
20
2(1
16
3
2
12
257
17
US
31
61
13
74
n
42
30
60
70
90
56
222
54
67
74
76
59
257
19
270
6
265
0
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. A VALUE OF *121'
ANSWERED -DON'T KNOW. REF - RESPONDENTS REFUSED
TO A GIVEN NUMBER
Sourcft: Tsang
OF MINUTES.
»nd KUp«t«, 1996.
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
20
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
45
0
0
In Actlvttltt
Z
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
20
10
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
45
0
0.0
FOR NUMBER
TO ANSWER.
5
1.0
1.0
1.0
s.o
0.5
1.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
1.0
2.0
0.0
3.0
2.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
45.0
1.0
2.0 5.
Working Uith or Iifng Nctr Frtshly Appllad
10,, ,25
2.0 15.0
2.0 10.0
3.0 15.0
15.0 20.0
3.0 S.O
2.0 11.0
2.5 17.5
4.0 15.0
1.0 2.5
20.0 20.0
10.0 10.0
1.0 3.5
3.0 15.0
1.0 6.0
3.0 10.0
1.0 30.0
2.0 30.0
1.0 S.O
5.0 20.0
2.0 12.5
1.0 6.0
4.5 15.0
5.0 25.0
2.0 10.0
2.0 10.0
3.0 12.5
2.0 15.0
S.O 1S.O
3.0 15.0
2.0 10.0
2.0 13.5
S.O 20.0
2.0 15.0
2.0 10.0
2.0 12.0
45.0 60.0
3.0 15.0
PERCENT 1LES
50 75 90
60.0 121.0
48.0 121.0
120.0 121.0
»n i3t n
*u ici.y
45.0 120,0
45.0 75.0
60.0 121.0
90.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
10.0 90.0
30.0 60.0
20.0 30.0
27.5 120.5
60.0 121.0
45.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
120.0 121.0
45.0 121.0
120.0 121.0
105.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
30.0 121.0
120.0 121.0
SS.O 121.0
47.5 121.0
75.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
45.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
30.0 121.0
90.0 121.0
120.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
45.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
121.0 121.0
60.0 121.0
0 4S.O 121.0 121 121
OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES
N • DOER SAMPLE SIZE.
THAT MORE THAN 120
PERCENT1LES ARE
121
121
121
.3.
lei
120
121
121
121
121
121
60
30
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
95
121
121
121
194
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
30
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
98
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
30
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
Ptlnti
99
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
30
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
100
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
30
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121 121
MINUTES WERE
THE PERCENTAGE
SPENT. DK • RESPONDENTS
OF DOERS BELOU OR EflUAL
I
3
-------
Tsb.e 15-24. Nulfeer of Minutes Spent In Activities UorMng With or Near Household Clewing Agent*
Such BE Scouring Powders or Amonfl
PE8CENTILES
GROUP turn
OVERALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
AGE
MCE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOWINT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAY OF WEEK
DAY OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEA SOD
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
BRONCH/EHPHYS
IRONCH/ENPHYS
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES
GROUP CODE
1 :MAIE
Z: FEMALE
1i1-4
2iS-11
SS12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
niMITE
2:8LA«
J:ASIAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
SiHISPANiC
0:NO
I:YES
1:FULL TIME
2:HRT TINE
3: NOT EMPLOYES
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:NIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:Cffl.LEGE GRAD.
5: POST GRAB.
1 :NORTHEAST
ZiMIDUEST
3: SOUTH
4SUEST
1:«EKDAT
ZlUiEKEND
UMINTER
2;SPRINC
SidHyct}
launncK
4: FALL
0:NO
liYES
OiNO
1, vcc
• TtS
0:NO
1:YES
MISSING DATA. A VALUE OF
KNOW*. REF ' RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSWER.
Source: Tssng ind
Kltpels, 1996.
H
90S
278
627
21
26
41
672
127
721
112
16
19
30
EM
58
422
98
296
76
104
204
114
109
207
180
309
209
580
325
240
220
9LA.
fxn
201
826
79
868
843
60
•121* FOR
N » DOER
, 1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NUMBER
SAMPLE
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
>i
0
1
0
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
1
1
1
g
i
0
0
i
i
0
0
1
1
0
i
0
0
i
0
1
e
0
i
OF MINUTES
SIZE.
10
1.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
5.0
3.0
2.5
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
SIGNIFIES
PERCENTILES
25
4.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
5.0
3.0
4.0
2.0
5.0
S.O
10.0
3.0
5.0
4.0
5.0
3.0
2.0
5.0
4.5
S.O
3.0
3.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
5.0
3.0
3.0
S.O
3,0
S.O
4.0
4.0
3.5
THAT MORE
SO
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
S.O
S.O
10.0
S.O
10.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
12.5
10.0
10.0
10. g
I2.S
10.0
10.0
10.0
-S.O
S.O
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
*n ft
1U.U
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
5 A
• U
10.0
10.0
THAN 120
ARE THE PERCENTAGE
75
20.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
15.0
10.0
20.0
15. 0
20.0
12.0
15.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
1S.O
30.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
15.0
15.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
17.5
»n
»u
30.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
Mfl
• V
20.0
32.5
MINUTES
OF DOERS
90
60.0
60.0
60.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
60.0
30.0
60.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
120.0
60.0
120.0
60.0
30.0
4S.O
75.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
75.0
52.5
Mft
«U
90.0
60.0
120.0
60.0
19ft ft
1
-------
00
!
J
s I
**• a.
S3-
Tablt 15-25.
ftctar of Mlnutt* Sptnt
Ftoortiax,
In Actlvltltt (At Hot* or Etievtxrc) Working With
Furnlturt Wax or Shoe Pol l«h
or Ntar
PERCENT I LES
GROUP NINE
OVERALL
GENDER
SENDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
MCE
MCE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOTMENT
EHPLOTMEKT
EHPLOTHEkl
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
BAT Of WEEK
GAT OF UEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
MffilKA
BRC«CH/BB>H?S
BRONCN/EXPHVS
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES
GROUP CODE
1 SHALE
2:FEKALE
1i1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
1:WHITE
2:IU(X
3:ASIAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
5:HISPANIC
0:NO
1:fES
1:FLK.L TINE
2:PAXT TINE
3:NOT EMPLOTEO
1:< HICK SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL EMD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLIESE «RM,
5:POST GRAB.
1: NORTHEAST
2:N!MCST
3: SOUTH
4tWEST
1:UEEKDAr
2:UEEKEM)
2:SPRINS
3:SUHMER
4:FAIL
0:NO
1:TES
0:NO
liTES
0:NO
1>TES
NISSINS DATA. A VALUE OF *
INW. REF • RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSWER.
Sourcet Tiang and
Ctrp.1i, 1996.
II
325
96
229
13
21
15
238
34
267
32
1
6
18
291
31
150
32
92
26
115
70
29
31
77
70
125
53
210
115
92
78
81
74
296
29
312
12
302
22
121" FOR
N * OOEt
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
4
0
1
0
1
0
3
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NUMER
SAMPLE
2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
3.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5
2
1
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
4
0
1
2
4
2
5
1
3
2
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
2
OF MINUTES
SUE.
10
2
2
3
5
2
1
3
2
2
5
4
0
4
2
5
3
5
2
5
3
3
5
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
4
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
SIGNIFIES
PERCENT I LES
25
5
S
5
10
3
2
S
5
5
5
4
2
5
S
$
5
10
5
5
5
10
7
4
5
5
S
5
5
5
7
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
THAT MORE
50
10.0
11.0
10.0
15.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
4.0
22.5
12.5
10.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
12.0
15.0
30.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
13.5
15.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
15.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
THAN 120
ARE THE PERCENTAGE
75
30.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
25.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
30.0
4.0
60.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
20.0
15.0
30.0
30.0
60.0
30.0
30.0
25.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
15.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
12.5
30.0
15.0
MINUTES
OF DOERS
90
60
121
60
60
35
45
120
35
60
60
4
121
120
60
90
121
60
60
60
120
75
121
60
60
90
120
120
120
60
121
60
120
60
60
121
60
30
90
20
95
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
4
121
121
121
120
121
121
120
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
20
WERE SPENT. DK
IELOW
CD EQUAL
91
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
4
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
99
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
4
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
10?
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
121
121
4
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
' RESPONDENTS ANSWERED *DWT
TO A GIVEN
NUMBER
OF MINUTES.
I
!
-------
g
!
ts>
£
T*ble 15
GROUP iAME GROUP CODE
OVERALL
SENDER 1:M*l£
BENDER 2; FEMALE
AGE 1:1-4
AOE 2:5-11
AGE 3:12-17
ACE 4:18-64
AGE 5:> 64
RACE 1:UHITE
MCE 2:IUCK
MCE 3:ASIAN
DACE 4:SOME OTHERS
MCE 5:HISPAN1C
HISPANIC 0:110
HISPANIC 1:«S
EMPLOYMENT 1:FULL TIME
EMPLOYMENT 2: PART TIME
EMPLWMEHT 3:KOT EMPLOTEB
EDUCATION 1:< HI ON SCHOOL
EDUCATION 2:HiSH SCHOOL GRAB
EDUCATION 3:< COLLEGE
EDUCATION 4:COUEGE SHAD.
EDUCATION StPOST CRAO.
CENSUS REGION 1. -NORTHEAST
CENSUS REGION 2:MIOWEST
CENSUS REGION 3: SOUTH
CENSUS REGION 4sHEST
BAY OF MEEK liWEEMMf
OAT OF WEK iiWEEXEKO
SEASON liWINTER
SEASON 2:SPRIN6
SEASON 3:SUMMER
SEASON 4: FALL
ASTHMA 0;NO
ASTHMA 1i»ES
ANGINA 0:W
ANGINA 1:TES
IROMCH/EMPHtS 0:HO
iRONCH/ENPNK 1 :«S
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. A VALUE OF
KNOW*. KEF ' RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSWER.
Source: T»*ng «nd Kltpclt, 1996,
26.
N
294
151
141
36
34
207
10
241
28
4
T
12
260
27
150
24
46
11
69
66
37
32
55
71
94
ro
228
66
85
74
66
69
266
28
290
3
283
11
•121*
N *
Vurixr of Minutes
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
s
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
5
0
3
0
1
0
0
g
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
a
a
0
i
0
1
FOR NUMBER
DOER
SAMPLE
5
0
0
0
1
e
0
0
0
10
1
5
0
5
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
Spent )n Activities Working With or Being Nc
10
1
2
1
2
1
0
1
2
10
1
•5
1
5
1
3
0
0
25
S.O
5,0
5.0
30.0
5.0
5.0
0.0
5.0
5.0
12.5
3.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
5.0
10.0
2.0
1.0
S.O
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
5.0
S.O
10.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
1.0
5.0
2.0
OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES
SIZE.
PERCENT I LES
30
15.0
15.0
15.0
30.0
12.5
10.0
20.0
3.5
15.0
12.S
1T.5
30.0
27.5
15.0
30.0
20.0
27.5
to.o
S.O
20.0
27.5
15.0
15.0
20.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
1S.O
15.0
10.0
20.0
15.0
15.0
17.5
15.0
121.0
15.0
30.0
PERCEKTILES
75 90
U 121.0
70 121.0
30 121.0
30 50.0
25 30.0
30 30.0
90 121.0
60 120.5
60 121.0
4$ 121.0
40 60.0
90 120.0
90 121.0
60 121.0
120 121.0
120 121.0
90 121.0
30 121.0
10 60.0
90 121.0
121 121.0
30 121.0
60 121.0
60 121.0
60 121.0
60 121.0
60 121.0
M 121.0
60 121.0
45 121.0
30 121.0
121 121.0
60 121.0
60 121.0
40 121.0
60 121.0
121 121.0
60 121.0
121 121.0
THAT MORE THAN 120 MINUTES
ARE THE
95
121
121
121
50
60
60
121
121
121
121
60
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
WERE
«r Glue
98
121
121
121
50
120
120
121
121
121
121
60
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
SPENT
PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOU OR
99
121
121
121
50
120
120
121
121
121
121
M
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
. DC «
100
121
121
121
50
120
120
121
121
121
121
60
120
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
RESPONDENTS ANSWERED 'DON'T
EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES.
•8
I
o
&
£5
It-
a
-------
I
a
K»
xs
I
TabU 15-27. Nutter of RlnutM fptnt In Aetlvltlw Uorklng ulth or Kur Salvtntt, Fuwt
or Strong
SMllIng chwlc.lt
PERCENTILES
GROUP NAKE C«OUP CODE
OVERALL
6ENOER 1:MALE
6ENOEK 2:fEKAU
AGE 1:1-4
ACE 2:5-11
ACE 3:12-17
ACE 4s1B-M
AGE Si> «
RACE 1:lfflITE
RACE 2: BUCK
RACE 3*ASIAH
RACE <:SWE OTHERS
DACE 5:HISPANIC
HISPANIC 0:110
HISPANIC lifES
EKPLOTHEKT 1:fULL TINE
EMPLOYMENT 2:«WT TIME
EWLOYHINT 5: NOT EMPLOYED
EDUCATION 1-.< HIGH SCHOOL
EDUCATION 2:HIGH SCHOOL G*AD
EDUCATION 3:< COUEGE
EDUCATION <:COUEC£ SUM.
EDUCATION 5:POST CHAD.
CENSUS REGION 1: NORTHEAST
CENSUS REGION 2-MIDUEST
CENSUS REGION SsSOUTH '
CENSUS REGION <:WEST
DAY OF WEEK hWEEKDAY
DAY OF MEEK 2: WEEKEND
SEASON 1:UINTE(
SEASON 2:SPR!N5
SEASON 3:SUHMER
SEASON 4!MU
ASTXK* 0:NO
ASTHMA UYES
ANGINA 0:NO
ANGINA 1:YES
BRONCN/EMMITS OiNO
BRONCH/EKPHYS 1:TES
WOre.- . SIGNIFIES MISSD4O DATA, A VALUE OF *I2!
KNOW, «EF -RBSFONBEKTS REFUSED TO ANSWER.
Source: Tttng ind Kltpeti, 1996.
H
as
258
237
r
14
38
407
21
(13
40
t
23
449
41
299
44
91
35
138
128
69
60
101
122
165
107
362
133
128
127
H9
91
US
50
489
6
469
26
1 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 2
0 0
0 0
0 0
o o
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 D
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 2
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
2
10
2.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
3.5
2.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.S
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
25
5.0
5.0
S.O
1.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
2.0
5.0
9.0
4 ft ft
1U.U
2.5
S.O
5.0
5.0
10.0
S.O
2.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
2.0
S.O
5.0
50
20,0
30.0
15.0
5.0
5.0
10.0
30.0
5.0
20.0
60,0
X7 *5
3f .3
5.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
22.5
10.0
15.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
27.5
20.0
20.0
20.0
30.0
15.0
20.0
20.0
21.0
30.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
15.0
20.0
17.5
n
121.0
121.0
90.0
M.O
17.5
60.0
121.0
15.0
121.0
121.0
13ft *
i£U*3
M.O
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
60.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
1?1 n
lei »U
12UO
121.0
121.0
90.0
95.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
60.0
90
121
121
121
121
45
121
121
121
121
121
191
it 1
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
i&i
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
* FOR NUMBER OF MINUTES SKJNDTES THAT MORE THAN 120 MINUTES WEKB SPENT.
K -DOER SAMPLE STZB.
95 98
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
70 70
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
f91 434
ItCI It!
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
|_* «.**
Kl let
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
121 121
99
121
121
121
121
70
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
171
1C!
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
100
121
121
121
121
70
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
• •I*
lei
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
DK -RESPONDENTS ANSWERED 'DONT
FERCENTILES ARE THE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS B BLOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMB E* OP MINUTES.
I
-------
I
T>bl« 15-28. Hwter of
CROW NAME
OVERALL
CENSER
CENOER
ME
*f*e
Altc
AGE
AGE
A6E
RACE
MCE
RACE
MCE
MCE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EXPLOIT KENT
EHPLQTMEN?
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EOUCATIOII
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS IEG10N
CENSUS REOION
CAY OF MEEK
OAT OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASrHKA
ASTHMA
AN6INA
BRONCH/EMPHTS
BRONCH/EKPHTS
NOTE: , SIGNIFIES
•DON'T WOW". REF
OF MINUTES.
Source: Tiang and
GROUP CODE
1:NALE
2: FEMALE
1:1-4
2.5-1 *
;3 1 1
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
1 :UHITE
2: BLACK
3:ASIAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
S:HI$PAN1C
0:NO
1:TE$
UFULL TINE
2:PART TIME
3:NOT EHPLOYED
1t< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL CRAO
3:« COLLEGE
t: COLLEGE CRAB.
5: POST GMD.
1 NORTHEAST
2:MIO«EST
3: SOUTH
4:VEST
ItuEEOUW
2:WEEKENO
1:UINTE*
2:SPRlN(i
SiSUMft
4: FALL
0:NO
1:TE$
0:NO
OiNO
1:YES
MISSINO DATA. A VALUE
• RESPONDENTS REFUSED
lUepefs, 1996.
II
IftO
lUr
42
67
I
7
87
9
as
9
2
3
7
97
12
62
8
25
34
33
CC
16
16
21
25
38
25
75
14
26
17
16
100
9
109
IDS
4
OF -121-
TO ANSIS* ,
Minute* Spent In
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s
0
1
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
FOB
N
1 Z
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
s
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
HUWER
* ODER
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Activities Uorklnd
10
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.g
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
t.o
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25
3.0
2.0
0.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
S.O
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
0.5
OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES
SAMPLE
SHE.
With or
Near Stain or Spot
PERCENT I LES
50 75 90
5.0
5.0
0.0
15.0
5.0
3.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.9
3.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5 A
.U
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
S.O
5.0
1.5
THAT
PERCENT I US
60.0
10.0
3.0
35.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
6.0
10.0
30.0
15.0
22.5
15.0
12.5
15.0
Mn
• U
10.0
1C n
13*U
12.5
15.0
10.0
15.0
15.0
2S.O
15.0
15.0
15.0
»rt
>v
20.0
15.0
15.0
6.0
15.0
15.0
8.5
Aft n
DU.U
121.0
20.0
1.0
60.0
60.0
121.0
60.0
121.0
10.0
35.0
60.0
35.0
120.0
20.0
60.0
Mn
.U
120.0
KA
I U
60.0
20.0
121.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
120,0
60.0
60.0
He
.3
121,0
60.0
60.0
121.0
60.0
60.0
15.0
95
191 ft
iti iU
121.0
30.0
3.0
60.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
10.0
35.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
20,0
121.0
MA
•M
121.0
194 n
lei *u
121.0
121.0
121.0
60.0
120,0
&0.0
121.0
60.0
120.0
131 ft
It I»U
121.0
121.0
120.5
121.0
121.0
121.0
15.0
MORE THAN 120 MINUTES WERE
ARE THE
PERCENTAGE
OF DOERS
Bmjven
98
191
Icl
121
60
3
60
121
121
121
121
10
35
121
121
121
20
121
121
191
1C. I
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
120
191
1C 1
121
121
121
121
121
121
15
SPENT.
BELOM
9"
191
Icl
121
120
3
S
60
121
121
121
121
10
IS
121
121
121
20
121
121
191
Icl
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
120
191
Icl
121
121
121
121
121
121
15
BK *
100
491
Icl
121
120
3
S
60
121
121
121
121
10
35
121
121
121
20
121
fft
DU
121
171
It 1
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
120
191
1C I
121
121
121
121
121
121
15
RESPONDENTS ANSWERED
Ot E9UAL TO A GIVEN NMSE*
a
s.
-------
K>
I
o
is
3
*8
IS
Ml
VO
a
&
T*blt 15-29. Hurtw of Nlnutn *p«nt
In Actlvltltt
Uerklng Ullh or Nttr Gwoltr* or BlMd-Poutrtd
EifjfpMnt, lntd« Autmoblln
PERCENTIIES
WOUP WUK CROUP CODE
OVERALL
CCNOfl UNUE
CENDCI 2:FE*ALE
AGE 1:1-4
ACE 2:5-11
ABE 3:12-17
AGE 4:18-«
ABE 5:> 64
KAtt 1:l«IT£
RACE 2:BIA«
MCE 3:ASIAN
MCE 4:SONE OTHERS
RACE 5:HISPAN(C
HISPANIC 0:MO
HISPANIC 1:YES
EMPLOWENT 1:FUU TIME
EMPLOYMENT 2:PART TINE
EHPLOTHEHT SsNOT BWIOTIB
EDUCATION 1:< KtCH SCHOOL
EDUCATION 2:HIS* SCHOOL HMD
EDUCATION 3:< COLLEGE
EDUCATION 4:COUES£ SRAD.
EDUCATION 5:POST «*AD.
CENSUS REGION litWtTHEASf
CENSUS IEGION 2:NIOUEST
CENSUS REGION I:SOUTN
CENSUS REGION 4:iEST
BAT OF WEEK 1:UEEK9AT
BAT OF WEEK 2:UEECEM>
SEASON 1:UINTER
SEASON 2:SP*lMi
SEASON 3:$UHM£*
SEASON 4! FALL
ASTHKA OiNO
ASTHXA 1:TES
ANGMA OiNO
ANGINA liYES
BRONCH/EHPHYS 0:NO
IRONCH/iHPHTS 1 :IES
H
390
271
119
14
12
25
312
26
355
15
8
2
36?
19
237
33
66
33
135
19
48
30
57
117
151
65
278
112
97
110
119
64
361
28
381
7
368
21
1
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
15
0
2
2
0
0
1
0
1
2
0
2
1
1
0
1
a
1
0
i
0
0
i
i
0
0
i
0
i
g
0
i
0
1
i
i
0
2"
0
15
0
5 10
1 3.0
1 3.0
1 2.0
0 1.0
1 3.0
5 5.0
1 3.0
2 3.0
1 3.0
1 1.0
0 0.0
1 1.0
1 3.0
1 2.0
1 2.0
2 2.0
2 4.0
1 2.0
2 5.0
2 3.0
0 1.0
1 1.5
1 1.0
1 5.0
2 3.0
1 3.0
1 2.0
2 5.0
1 2.0
1 3.0
2 5.0
1 2.0
1 3.0
3 3.0
1 3.0
15 15.0
1 3.0
25 58
10.0 60,0
15.0 60.0
8.0 30.0
5.0 22.5
7.5 25.0
13.0 35.0
15.0 60.0
10.0 25.0
15,0 60.0
2.0 1S.O
5.0 11.5
1.0 23.0
m n in*! i
IU(U 1U3.3
10.0 60.0
5.0 30,0
20.0 90.0
10,0 45.0
10.0 30.0
6.0 60.0
20,0 90.0
15.0 60.0
10.0 60.0
10.0 30.0
10.0 60.0
15.0 90.0
10,0 60.0
10,0 45,0
10.0 £0.0
15,0 45.0
10.0 60.0
10.0 60.0
15,0 60.0
5.0 10.0
10,0 60.0
30.0 120.5
10,0 60.0
20.0 45.0
15.0 60.0
75
121.0
121.9
120.0
120.0
50.0
120.0
121.0
90.0
121.0
121.0
17.5
45.0
«•>« ft
Itt *U
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
120.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
121.0
191 fl
Itl *U
90
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
90
45
«•)*
1C 1
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
l£l
95
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
90
4S
191
It]
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
*3«
1*1
98
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
90
45
191
Icl
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
1?1
1*1
NOTE; , SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. A VALUE OF *121* FOR NUMBER OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES THAT MORE THAN 120 MINUTES WERE SPENT.
KNOW*. REF -RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSWER,
lourcc: Tung md Clepcit, 1996.
H-
99
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
90
*5
i?t
ill
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
let
100
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
121
121
121
90
45
171
Icl
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
191
It I
DK -RESPONDENTS ANSWERED 'DONT
DOER SAMPLE SEE. PERCENTTLEJ ARE THE PERCENTAGE OF DOERS BELOW OR EQUAL TO A GIVEN NUMBER OF MINUTES .
I-
-------
R §
* g
Table 15-30. Nuofcer
of Minutes Spent Using Any Mtcrowava Oven
PERCENT I LES
GROUP NAME
OVERALL
SENDER
GENDER
AGE
ACE
AGE
AGE
RACE
MCE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EKPLOTMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLWMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAT OF WEEK
BAT Of MEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
•RWCH/EMPNTS
IRONCM/EMPHfS
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES
GROUP CODE
1:MALE
2:FEMALE
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5s> 64
1:VNITE
2:BLACK
3: AS I AN
4:SOME OTHERS
5:HISPANIC
0:NO
1:TES
1.-FULL TIME
2:PART TIME
3:kOT EMPLOfED
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL SHAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE BRAD.
5:POST GKAO.
1:NO*THEAST
2:M!DWEST
3: SOUTH
4: WEST
1: WEEKDAY
2;U€E:KEMD
1 1V1NTER
2:SPR1NG
3: SUMMER
4:FALL
0:NO
1:YIS
0:KO
1:»ES
0:NO
1:»ES
MISSING DATA. A VALUE OF
KNOW. REF » RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSWER.
Source : Tsang ***
Klepelf, 1996.
n
2298
948
1350
62
141
1686
375
1953
182
38
29
74
2128
139
1114
237
734
190
717
518
347
2B8
420
545
831
502
1567
T31
657
57T
565
499
2109
ISO
2212
72
2164
124
•121- FOR
N > DOER
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NUMBER
SAMPLE
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5 10
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
2 2.0
0 1.0
1 1.0
0 1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES
SIZE.
PERCENTILES
25
3
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
THAT MORE
50
5
5
5
2
3
5
5
5
3
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
5
5
THAN 120
ARE THE PERCENTAGE
75
10
10
10
5
5
10
10
10
6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
to
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
MINUTES
OF DOERS
90
15
IS
20
10
10
15
20
16
15
20
30
15
15
20
15
20
20
20
20
18
15
15
20
IS
16
15
15
20
15
20
15
20
15
19
15
15
15
30
WERE
95
30
30
30
15
15
25
30
30
20
30
30
45
30
30
30
30
30
33
30
30
25
20
30
30
30
20
25
30
30
30
20
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
SPENT. DK
BELOW OR EOUAL
98
40.0
40.0
42.5
20.0
30.0
45.0
60,0
40.0
30.0
60.0
50.0
120.0
35.0
120.0
34.0
60.0
45.0
60.0
«S.O
60.0
30.0
30.0
60.0
35.0
45.0
30.0
30.0
SO.O
40.0
45.0
30.0
45.0
40.0
45.0
40,0
45.0
40.0
60.0
99
60
67
60
30
30
60
60
60
30
60
50
121
60
120
60
120
60
121
60
120
60
30
60
60
60
60
60
120
67
60
60
120
60
60
60
60
60
120
too
121
121
121
30
60
121
70
121
121
60
50
121
121
121
121
121
120
121
121
121
70
90
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
120
120
121
121
121
121
60
121
121
• RESPONDENTS ANSWERED 'DON'T
TO A GIVEN
'
NUMBER
Of MINUTES.
8
I
5
a
i-
I
a
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Tibtc 15-31
1
Frtquency af Uu of Humidifier
ALHOST
EVERY
DAY
ALL RESPOND.
H
OVERALL
1 SHALE
2: FEMALE
9;8EF
1:1-4
2:5-11
3s12-17
4:18-64
* 5:> 64
UUH1TE
2:iLACK
3:ASIAM
4:SOME OTHERS
SiHISPANlC
9:R£F
0:HO
1:TES
8:DK
9:R£F
— EMPLOYMENT
s
UFULL TIME
2: PART TINE
3:KOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EMJCATIOH
^
1;< MICH SCHOOL
Z:HICH SCHOOL CHAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE QUO.
5: POST GMD.
-- CENSUS RECIOH —
1:NDRTMEASI
2:NIDyEST
3: SOUTH
4:1*ST
— DAY OF UEEK —
UUEEKDAY
2:UEEKEKD
1:111 HTER
2:SPftIHC
3:SUHMER
4:FALl
OsMO
1:tES
8:OK
0:NO
1:TES
8:DK
— MOUCH/EWHTI
0:NO
IsYES
8:DK
NOTE: . - HISSING DATA;
Source: Tsang wd Klepei*,
104?
455
591
1
16
111
88
S3
629
120
879
93
18
20
30
7
978
60
5
4
279
416
88
256
8
303
86
251
188
119
100
273
326
302
146
698
349
320
257
269
201
948
92
7
101 S
24
8
994
48
S
OK
1996.
M
300
135
165
3
3S
18
21
183
42
268
24
3
1
2
2
286
11
3
70
124
22
82
2
74
27
85
53
32
29
84
102
S3
31
196
104
135
58
56
51
272
27
1
290
8
2
278
21
1
> DON'T
FREO OF
2:3-5
TIMES A
MEEK
SESPCWO.
M
121
53
68
1
16
10
7
77
10
98
10
2
3
7
1
109
11
i
32
43
14
29
3
36
15
27
16
17
10
26
37
42
16
as
38
46
23
27
25
110
9
2
116
4
1
117
3
1
KNOW; X
it Kane
USING HUMIDIFIER
3:1-2 A
MEEK
RESPOND.
H
107
48
59
3
7
12
5
70
10
79
15
1
4
8
.
95
12
f
25
44
9
29
f
27
14
28
17
13
8
28
32
31
1«
70
37
34
29
20
24
95
10
2
103
3
1
102
4
1
4:1-2 A
MONTH
BESTOW).
II
495
208
286
1
7
53
46
49
287
53
414
42
11
12
13
3
466
25
2
2
147
194
43
109
2
160
29
104
97
56
49
132
142
141
80
335
160
98
144
155
98
448
45
2
482
9
4
473
20
2
» ROW PERCENTAGE;
8:DK
RESPOND.
H
24
11
13
2
2
2
1
12
5
20
2
1
_
i
22
1
t
1
5
11
f
7
1
6
1
7
5
1
4
3
13
S
3
14
10
7
3
11
3
a
i
.
24
m
.
24
.
•
N " SAMPLE SUE
Page
15-34
Exposure Factors Handbook
' August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 1S-3Z. Nurioer of Tintt Pesticide* Applied ty the Professional at Home
to Eradicate Inaactg, Rodents, or Other PMtt
*
0:NONE
ALL RESPOND.
N
OVERALL
1:HALE
2: FEMALE
9:REF
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
UUHITE
2:BLACK
3:ASIAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
5:HISPAHIC
9:REF
0:NO
1:TES
B:OK
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
.
1:FULL TIME
2: PART TIME
3: NOT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION
.
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:0>UEGE GRAD.
5:POST GRAD.
— CENSUS REGION —
1:NORTHEAST
2:M1DUEST
3:SOUTH
4:WEST
— OAT OF UEEK —
1 : WEEKDAY
2:UEEKEND
1:UINTER
2:SPRING
3:SUMMER
4:FALL
0:NO
1:TES
8:DK
0:NO
1:TES
8:OK
— BRONCH/EMPHVS
0:NO
1:TES
8:OK
NOTE: . " MISSING DATA;
Source: T*ang and Klepeis,
1946
897
1048
1
33
113
ISO
143
1264
243
1532
231
24
38
100
21
1750
172
8
16
398
855
163
512
18
436
137
483
416
272
202
335
318
875
418
1303
643
466
449
584
447
1766
167
13
1880
53
13
1833
101
12
DK
1996.
N
1057
498
558
1
17
60
84
90
660
146
856
107
13
24
45
12
960
83
5
9
229
463
84
272
9
246
80
265
218
137
111
201
202
404
250
702
355
247
240
324
246
969
80
8
1019
30
8
1004
46
7
> DON'T
TIMES P-CIDES APPLIED BY PROFESSIONAL
1:1-2 2:3-5 3:6-9.
4:10+ 8:DK
RESPOND. RESPOND. RESPOND. RESPOND. RESPOND.
N
562
248
314
8
35
37
40
387
55
429
78
10
8
33
4
499
56
3
4
111
252
50
145
4
122
31
140
131
87
51
as
84
298
95
374
188
129
128
172
133
509
50
3
549
10
3
524
36
2
KNOW; X >
N
134
64
70
4
11
10
5
89
15
98
20
1
4
10
1
121
12
i
24
59
14
35
2
27
11
26
28
25
17
20
17
63
34
91
43
29
30
40
35
121
13
131
3
127
7
N
150
64
86
.
4
6
18
6
97
19
117
17
2
11
3
130
18
2
30
60
12
46
2
35
10
38
29
20
18
22
13
86
29
105
45
46
43
34
27
129
19
2
141
7
2
140
8
2
ROW PERCENTAGE;
N
20
11
9
i
1
15
3
14
4
1
1
19
1
a
2
11
2
5
2
1
9
4
2
2
3
11'
6
16
4
9
3
6
2
16
4
19
1
18
1
1
N • SAMPLE
N
23
12
11
2
16
5
18
.
21
2
2
10
1
9
1
4
4
5
6
1
3
4
2
13
4
15
8
6
5
8
4
22
.
21
2
20
3
SIZE
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-35
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter IS - Consumer Products
T«bl. 15-33.
Ntafctr of Tim Ptttlcldt* AppH«d by th» Continnr
to Ercdfcitt Imtctt, lodenti, or Othtr pwti
* OF TIMES
0:NWE
All BESTOW.
OVEIALL
•••»*.« txtmKti **•.»•
1:HALE
2:fEKM.E
9:REF
itl-4
2:5-11
3s 12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
IsWHITE
2:BLACK
3:ASIAN
4:SOME OTHERS
SiNISPANlC
9:«EF
0:1*0
1:WS
8:DK
9:«EF
— EMPLOYMENT
m
1:FUU. TIME
2sl»MT TIME
3:>MT EMPLOYED
9:8Ef
EDUCATION
.
1:< MICH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GSAD
3:< COLLEGE
4: COLLEGE OW0.
SlKST OUU).
-- CENSUS tE&IOH —
1:NORTHEAST
2:N1DUEST
3:SOUTH
4:UEST
— BAY OF UEEK —
1:UEEKDAY
2:VEEIC£HO
lllilKTEt
2:SPftlMG
SiSUWE*
4:FALL
0:UO
UTiS
8:DK
0:NO
1:TES
8:CK
— IgONCH/EMPHYS
0:NO
IsYES
8:OK
NOTE; . - HISSING DATA;
Source: Tung «nd Kl*p«is
N
1946
897
1048
1
33
113
ISO
14S
1264
243
1532
231
24
38
100
21
1750
172
8
16
398
8S5
163
512
18
436
137
483
416
272
202
335
318
875
418
1303
643
466
449
584
447
1766
167
13
1880
53
13
1833
101
12
DX
, 1996
N
721
318
403
.
13
46
SO
45
473
94
574
81
4
11
41
10
647
66
2
6
139
298
67
209
8
157
44
184
157
97
82
112
108
363
138
485
236
190
170
204
157
643
73
5
696
21
4
675
41
5
« DON'T
1s1-2
RESPOND.
N
754
367
386
1
12
46
70
64
477
85
600
77
15
12
42
8
677
67
3
7
176
342
66
163
7
189
50
196
158
97
64
131
145
316
162
503
251
153
192
233
176
695
54
731
19
4
715
IS
4
KNOW; %
P-CIOES
2:3-5
RESPOW.
N
286
135
151
3
11
24
21
192
31
227
36
3
11
9
258
26
1
1
59
131
20
76
62
19
53
63
S3
36
56
35
119
76
186
100
75
51
89
71
261
25
276
8
2
272
14
•t HOM
APPLIED PERSONALLY
356-9
RESPOKD.
N
73
31
42
,
1
3
1
5
48
15
55
10
1
1
5
1
63
10
•
9
37
4
23
10
4
21
18
9
11
12
12
30
19
44
29
18
15
21
19
70
3
70
3
72
1
•
> ROU PERCENTAGE;
4:10*
RESPOND.
N
83
35
48
.
4
3
4
8
55
9
50
25
1
2
3
2
76
3
2
14
35
5
27
2
17
14
18
16
12
6
19
12
37
15
66
17
21
16
27
19
70
11
2
80
1
2
71
10
2
8:DK
RESPOND.
N
29
11
18
.
1
19
9
26
2
i
I
29
'f
1
12
1
14
1
1
6
11
4
4
3
5
6
10
8
19
10
9
5
10
5
27
1
1
27
1
1
28
i
N » SAMPLE SIZE
Page
15-36
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
II
s §
*i C
**
^^
Tebtt 15-34. Mu*er of HfnutM Spent
In Actlvltfw Working With or Near Pesticides, Including Bug Sprays
or lug Strips
PERCENTILES
C8tXIP NAME
OVERALL
GENDER
GENDER
ABE
ASE
AGE
ASE
ACE
RACE
RACE
MCE
(ACE
MCE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EWlOWENf
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS RESIGN
CENSUS REGION
OAT OF WEEK
SAT OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTNHA
ANfilNA
ANGINA
6RONCH/EMPHYS
BftQNCH/ENPHTS
NOTE: . SIGNIFIES
faaip CODE
IsttALE
2: FEMALE
ltl-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
1:WHITE
2: BUCK
S:»S!*S
4:SOME OTHERS
S:N1SPANIC
0:NO
1:»ES
IsFULL TIM
2:PA8T TIME
3:NOJ EHPIOIEO
1:< NIGH SCHOOL
2:KIGH SCHOOL GRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COUEGE CMC.
5:POST GRAB.
1 {NORTHEAST
2:Mi!)UEST
3:SOUTM
4:UEST
1 : WEEKDAY
2lUEEKEHt>
liUlNTER
iisnam
3:SUMER
4! FAIL
0:10
1:«S
0:110
1:YES
D:NO
1:»IS
MISSING DATA. A VALUE OF
KIIOU*. REF • RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO ANSIS*.
Source: Tswig md
Klcpols, 1996.
N
257
121
136
6
16
10
190
31
199
36
2
4
15
231
25
124
26
?5
20
87
56
29
29
45
51
106
55
183
74
39
78
10S
35
231
24
244
a
240
14
M21' FOR
II " DOER
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
NUMBER
SAMPLE
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
a
0
0
0
i
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
OF NIKUTES
SIZE.
10
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
5
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
SIGNIFIES
PERCENT! LES
C
25
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
5.0
1.5
2.0
2.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.S
2.0
2.0
1.0
3.0
5.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
10
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
7.5
2.5
10.0
5.0
10.0
3.0
7.5
6.5
20.0
10.0
20.0
10.0
5.0
5.0
22.5
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
' 5.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
5.0
10.0
5.0
10.0
5.0
THAT MORE THAN
ARE THE
75
60.0
90.0
35.0
15.0
30.0
40.0
88.0
15.0
60. 0
20.0
10.0
10.0
121.0
60.0
121.0
120.5
60.0
30.0
105.5
45.0
89.0
90.0
30.0
88.0
121.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
30.0
90.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
90.5
60.0
75.5
60.0
30.0
120 MINUTES
PERCENTAGE OF DOERS
90
121
121
181
20
121
121
121
60
121
121
10
10
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
95
121
121
121
20
121
121
121
121
121
121
10
10
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
UERE SPENT. DK
BELOU
OR EMM.
98
121
121
121
20
121
121
121
121
121
121
10
10
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
99
121
121
121
20
121
121
121
121
121
121
10
10
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
100
121
121
121
20
121
121
121
121
121
121
10
10
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
121
« RESPONDENTS ASSUESED 'DON'T
TO A GIVEN
NUMBER
OF MINUTES.
a
-------
Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
TabU 15-35. Ring* of tta Spmt Saoklni
0 3
TO TO TO
3 6
OVERALL
Z: FEMALE
3:1Z-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
Z:ItACK
4:SCHE OTHERS
5:HISPAN1C
0;NO
1:YES
— EMPLOYMENT
itfULt TIME
2:PART TIME
3sNOT EMPLOYED
ftlEF
EDUCATION -
1:< MICH SCHOOL
ZiNICM SCHOOL CHAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLECE CRAD.
ilPOST CRAD.
>- CENSUS REOIOH
liNORTHEAST
ZsMIDUEST
3tSOUTN
4tUEST
--- DAY OF UEEK
llUEEKDAY
ZiUEEKEHO
liUINTER
ZlSPRINQ
3ISUHNER
4IFALL
0:UO
ItYES
0:NO
IsYES
-- IRONCH/EMPHtS
OlHO
1:YES
ALL
62
SB
4
1
1
46
14
S3
S
1
3
S7
5
2
39
3
17
1
2
24
18
10
6
20
19
12
11
40
22
16
19
19
59
3
60
Z
60
2
C4f*r*
6
TO
9
of »1p* Tobacco by th* Nuriwr of RMfxndwttt
9
TO
12
RES. RES. RES. RES. RES.
5
S
i
3
1
3
1
1
S
1
2
i
1
1
2
2
3
i
1
3
2
3
1
1
5
5
4
1
10
8
2
10
8
2
9
1
7
3
4
2
1
4
3
7
3
3
1
Z
8
2
10
10
NOTE: '.' SIGNIFIES MISSING DATA. DC »
REFUSED TO AXSWR. H • DOER SAMPLE SIZE
Of *61* FM MUKBER OF MINUTES SIGNIFIES
Sourat Tung and Xl«p*<«, 1996.
8
7
1
1
4
3
7
1
8
1
4
3
1
4
2
1
4
S
3
1
1
1
8
8
8
6
6
6
*
1
1
3
1
i
i
3
2
1
Z
2
2
2
4
1
1
4
6
6
• *
1
1
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
i
1
i
12 15 61
TO TO TO
15 18 61
RES. RES. RES.
2
2
1
1
1
1
i
i
i
i
i
2
1
i
2
Z
2
9
9
5
4
9
9
4
i
3
4
1
1
1
4
3
7
2
3
Z
Z
8
1
8
1
1
21
20
1
16
5
20
1
20
1
15
6
i
I
3
Z
10
4
4
3
15
6
3
8
a
Z
21
20
21
RESPONDENTS ANSWERED •OOH'T KNOW, REF • RESPONDENTS
IN SPECIFIED RANGE OF NUMBER OF MINUTES SPENT. A VALUE
THAT MORE THAN 60 MINUTES UERE SPENT.
Page
15-38
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
f
ss s
i
I
Table 15-36. Nunber of Minutes Spent Smoking Cigars or Pipe Tobacco
mauf NAME
OVERALL
GENDER
GENDER
ME
AGE
AGE
AGE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAT OF WEEK
BAY OF KEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
momn/wTms
BRONCH/EHPHYS
GROUP CODE
1:KALE
2;FEMALE
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
S:> 64
liUKITE
2:ilACK
4:SOHE OTHERS
S:HISPANIC
0:NO
1:YES
1:fULL TIKE
2:PA8T TIKE
3: NOT EMPLOYED
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
ZiKIGK SCHOOL GMO
3:< COLLEGE
4SCOLLEGE 6RAO.
5:POST ORAO.
1:KORTHEAST
2:HIDWE5T
SiSOUTH
4: VEST
1 !«EKDAY
2!«E«ND
1 WINTER
2: SPRING
3:SUHMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
0:NO
1:YES
0:NO
1sY6S
N
57
53
4
^
g
43
13
50
4
g
3
52
5
37
3
16
2
22
16
10
6
1?
W
11
10
37
JO
16
16
IB
r
54
3
55
2
56
1
NOTE: "." SIGNIFIES HISSING DATA. A VALUE OF
OK * RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE OF
Source: Tseng
ANSWERED "DON'T KNOW*.
OOERS BELOW OR E9UAL TO
and Ktepek, 1996.
REF
A GIVEN
1 2 5 10
2 3,0 3,0 10,0
3 5.0 10.0 10.0
2 2.0 2.0 2.0
15 15.0 15.0 15.0
2 2.0 3.0 10.0
15 15.0 15.0 20.0
2 2.5 3.0 10.0
10 10.0 10.0 10.0
30 30.0 30.0 30.0
2 3,0 3.0 10.0
10 10.0 10.0 10.0
2 2.0 3.0 10.0
3 3.0 3.0 3,0
15 15.0 15.0 20.0
45 45.0 45.0 45.0
2 2.0 10,0 10.0
3 3.0 3,0 3.0
5 5.0 5.0 7.5
20 20.0 20.0 20.0
10 10.0 10.0 20,0
2 2.0 2.0 3.0
10 10.0 10.0 10,0
10 10.0 10.0 10.0
2 2.0 3.0 10.0
3 3.0 6.5 10.0
3 3.0 3.0 10,0
2 2.0 2.0 5.0
10 10.0 10.0 20,0
3 3.0 3.0 3.0
2 ' 3.0 10,0 10,0
3 3.0 3.0 3.0
2 3.0 3.0 10.0
60 60.0 60.0 60.0
2 3.0 3.0 10,0
60 60.0 60.0 60.0
25
20.0
20.0
2.5
15.0
15.0
45.0
20.0
10.0
30.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
3.0
37.5
45.0
15.0
25.0
20.0
30.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
15.0
15.0
30.0
10.0
20.0
3.0
20.0
60.0
20.0
60.0
'61* FOR NUMBER OF MINUTES
= RESPONDENTS REFUSED
NUMBER OF MINUTES,
SO
60,0
60.0
9.0
15,0
45.0
60.0
60.0
15.0
45.0
60.0
40.0
60.0
10.0
60.0
53.0
45.0
60.0
30.0
52.5
61.0
30.0
45.0
60.0
60.0
37,5
25.0
60.5
60.0
60.0
£0,0
5.0
60.0
60.5
60.0
60.0
SIGNIFIES
10 ANSWER. II
PERCENT I LES
75 90
61
61
3B
15
61
61
61
25
61
61
45
61
10
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
60
61
61
61
£1
60
61
61
61
£1
60
61
61
61
60
THAT
« DOER
61
61
61
15
61
61
61
30
61
61
61
61
10
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
60
61
61
61
60
KORE
SAMPLE
95
61
61
61
15
61
61
61
30
61
61
61
61
10
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
60
61
61.
61
60
THAN
SIZE
98
61
61
61
15
61
61
61
30
61
61
61
61
10
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
£1
61
60
61
61
61
60
99
61
61
61
IS
61
61
61
30
61
61
61
61
10
61
61
£1
61
61
61
£1
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
60
61
61
61
60
60 MINUTES WERE
PERCENT I LES
100
61
£1
61
15
61
£1
£1
30
61
61
61
61
10
61
£1
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
61
60
61
61
61
60
SPENT.
ARE THE
**r"
!
a
I
2s
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
T«bU 15-37.
.
OVERALL
..... 6ENOER ...
1:KALE
2:FEHALE
9:»EF
1s1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 44
1:UHITE
2:SUCX
3:ASIAH
4:SCKE OTHERS
SsNISPAMIC
9t«EF
OiKQ
UYES
8:DK
9:REf
— EMPLOYMENT
i:fuu, TIME
2:PART TIME
SiNOT EMPLOYED
9:PEf
EDUCATION -
,
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
ZiHICH SCHOOL 6RAS
3:< COILECE
4:COLLEGE CUD.
SsPOST CHAD.
— CENSUS REGION
1:HORTHE«ST
2:NIDUEST
3:SOUTK
*:UEST
— DAY Of UEEK
UUEEKDAY
2:Ve£XEW
1:UINTER
2:SPR!HC
3:SUHMER
4:Mll
0:110
1:YES
8:DK
0:HO
1:YES
BsDK
— nOHCH/EMPHYS
0:110
1sYES
B:DK
Range of
ALL
H
4663
2163
2478
2
B4
263
348
324
2972
670
3774
463
77
96
193
60
4244
347
26
46
...
926
2017
379
1309
32
— •
1021
399
1253
895
650
445
..
1048
1036
1601
978
»«.
3156
1107
1264
1181
1275
943
4287
341
35
4500
125
38
«*
4424
203
36
NOTE: . - HISSING DATA;
Source: Ttang und
KltfMU,
tEiufctr* of Cigarette*
.
RESPO-
ND.
N
530
278
251
1
2
263
258
1
5
1
413
53
5
22
37
.
452
75
2
1
524
1
3
.
526
3
1
w
B
*
112
110
193
115
341
189
163
148
142
77
480
48
2
526
2
2
S19
11
OK •
1996.
0:NONE
RESPO-
ND.
H
3288
1467
1820
1
72
SB
315
2232
581
2664
319
71
55
133
46
3010
225
18
35
388
1510
307
1058
25
473
279
899
696
547
394
747
746
1079
716
2239
1049
883
819
906
680
3023
239
26
3161
99
28
3138
120
30
DON'T
* OF
1:1-2
RESPO-
ND.
N
45
24
21
.
1
f
B
42
2
30
7
f
1
7
.
33
11
.
1
34
5
6
f
f
1
16
11
11
6
4
11
17
13
28
17
16
13
7
9
40
S
45
.
43
2
KNOW; 1
S«nk*d
Hiud
CIGARETTES YOU
2:3-5 3:6-9
on th«
SMOKED
4:10-
14
Ninbir
of RMpondmtt
YESTERDAY
5:15-
24
6:25-
35 7:36+
8:BK
RESPO- RESPO- RESPO- RESPO- RESPO- RESPO- RESPO-
ND.
N
92
38
54
-
1
1
1
76
13
a
18
4
S
2
79
10
2
1
2
55
7
28
,
4
9
44
19
10
6
12
25
37
18
66
26
23
22
20
27
85
6
1
88
3
1
80
11
t
• SAMPLE
NO.
N
88
32
56
t
3
75
10
63
22
i
2
•
79
7
2
B
3
5t
6
28
.
3
12
35
20
13
5
19
19
34
16
61
27
21
14
32
21
80
8
85
3
.
81
6
1
SIZE
NO.
182
81
101
.
2
f
2
156
22
156
17
f
5
2
2
173
7
1
1
2
100
23
57
4
27
73
44
26
8
49
29
76
28
116
66
50
45
47
40
171
10
1
175
5
2
170
11
1
NO.
315
167
148
3
i
3
276
32
272
22
1
6
7
7
297
12
1
5
3
193
22
92
5
8
42
138
75
32
20
78
73
108
56
217
96
71
94
89
61
292
18
S
304
8
3
284
28
3
NO.
56
30
26
1
r
54
54
1
i
.
56
r
37
4
14
1
r
0
23
18
5
2
10
13
29
4
38
18
18
14
12
12
31
5
52
3
1
48
8
ND.
57
43
14
1
_
51
52
1
i
3
55
f
2
34
3
20
1
16
23
9
3
16
8
24
9
43
14
14
10
17
16
56
1
54
2
1
52
5
NO.
10
3
7
1
i
5
7
3
f
a
.
10
f
f
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
4
3
7
3
5
2
3
9
1
10
r
9
1
Page
15-40
Exposure Factors Handbook
' August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table
15-38.
Range
of the
N inter
of Cigarettes
* OF CIGARETTES RES
OVERALL
1:MALf
2: FEMALE
9:REF
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 44
1: WHITE
2:8LACK
3:ASIAN
4:SOME OTHERS
SENISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
1:VES
8:DC
9:REF
--- EMPLOYMENT
.
UFULL TIKE
2:PART TIME
3: HOT EMPLOYES
9:REF
EDUCATION
.
1t< HIGH SCHOOL
2:MICH SCHOOL BRAD
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE GRAD.
5:POST GRAD.
-- CENSUS (ECION
1:NORTHEAST
2:MIOUEST
3:SOUTH
4:WEST
— BAT OF WEEK -
1:MEKBAY
2:UiEKEM>
1:UINTE«
2:SPRIKS
3:SUHNER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
-- MONCH/ENPHYS
0:NO
1:YK
8:DK
NOTE: . - MISSING
Source: Taang and 1
ALL
N
4723
2131
2590
2
103
236
355
263
3087
679
3817
482
80
86
192
66
4290
355
21
57
847
2079
423
1335
39
*.
947
435
1359
906
597
479
1027
1066
1642
988
..
3160
1563
1260
1257
1261
945
4342
353
28
4561
125
37
4458
230
35
DATA;
•
RESPO-
ND.
H
516
277
237
2
8
236
268
2
1
1
391
61
13
17
32
2
451
64
1
314
1
i
.
S14
f
2
a
B
121
102
177
116
336
180
153
152
139
72
470
46
.
515
_
1
501
15
*
OK *
1996.
0:NONE
RESPO-
ND.
N
3358
1463
1895
.
83
86
248
2352
589
2700
345
65
58
140
50
3045
252
18
43
322
1598
346
1060
32
406
309
989
701
524
429
721
764
1159
714
2277
1081
873
901
896
688
3100
234
24
322S
104
29
3179
149
30
DON'T
1:1-2
RESPO-
ND.
N
51
24
27
47
4
30
10
i
8
2
41
8
2
33
4
14
»
1
21
17
6
1
11
12
16
12
32
19
IB
10
16
45
5
1
49
1
1
46
4
1
KNOW; H
2:3-5
RESPO-
ND.
N
193
86
107
2
6
170
15
152
27
2
3
3
6
182
4
6
5
122
17
47
2
9
20
78
51
20
IS
39
52
62
40
129
64
53
51
44
45
176
15
2
188
2
179
12
2
3:6-9
RESPO-
ND.
N '
126
53
73
4
2
110
10
103
20
1
2
121
5
1
88
10
27
3
17
64
25
11
6
22
32
51
21
87
39
39
22
33
32
112
14
123
3
121
5
Smoked
SMOKED
4:10-
14
RESPO-
ND.
II
224
91
133
1
i
3
193
26
208
9
2
3
2
210
10
2
2
3
117
27
76
1
6
32
98
56
19
13
50
53
81
40
134
90
59
55
64
46
208
16
217
5
2
210
14
While at Hum
AT NOME
5:15-
24
RESPO-
ND.
N
180
98
82
2
i
150
27
164
6
i
4
3
167
11
2
1
87
12
78
2
4
26
84
39
13
14
46
33
63
38
118
62
42
54
53
31
165
15
173
7
159
20
1
6:25-
35
RESPO-
ND.
N
23
11
12
1
i
21
22
1
.
23
*
"
1
11
3
7
1
2
7
7
4
2
1
8
5
e
2
14
9
10
1
7
5
20
3
23
21
2
7:36»
RESPO-
ND.
N
29
17
12
26
3
28
j
.
29
*
*
10
j
16
12
11
5
1
5
7
14
3
18
11
6
6
10
7
25
4
26
3
20
9
8:OK
BESPO-
ND.
N
23
11
12
2
"
17
4
19
3
i
21
1
2
12
9
1
2
7
7
6
1
4
6
11
2
15
8
7
8
5
3
21
1
22
i
22
i
o SAMPLE SI2E
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
15-41
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Tabt* 15-39. Huater of Cl|*r*ttM S»k«d by Othtr
P*opt«
* OF CIGABETTES THEY SMOKED
OVEMU
-••»»• RF lift CO --•«
1:KM.E
2: FEMALE
9:Kt
1:1-4
2:5-11
3:12-1?
4:18-6*
5.k /»
:~ p%
1:VH!T£
2:BIAOC
3: AS IAN
4:SOME OTHERS
SsHISPMIC
9:BEF
0:110
1:YEi
a:0K
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT
»
1:FULL TINE
2:PART TIME
3:«OT EMPLOYED
9:REF
EDUCATION -
B
1:« HIGH SCHOOL
2:HtCM SCHOOL CHAD
" 3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEC£ OUD.
5: POST QIAO.
-- CENSUS REGION
1:WXTHEAST
2:H1DUE£T
3:SOUTH
4:UEST
— DAY Or KEEK
1:UEEKDAY
2:UEEKEW>
1:UINTU
2:SPH1NB
3:SMMEI
*:FALL
0:NO
1:TES
S:OK
0:W
1:YES
B:DK
-- MOMCH/BVHYS
0:NO
1 SITES
8:DK
ALL
K
4723
2131
2590
2
103
236
355
241
3087
679
3817
482
80
86
192
66
4290
355
21
37
847
2079
423
1335
39
«--
947
435
1359
906
597
479
1027
1066
1642
938
**~
3160
1563
1260
1Z57
1261
945
4342
353
28
4561
125
37
44S8
230
35
MOTE: . * MISSING DATA;
Sourcc: Tsang and
Kltp.it,
.
RESPO-
ND.
N
898
468
428
2
11
236
355
263
32
675
119
21
29
50
4
796
95
4
3
845
21
30
2
897
*
^
1
B
•
201
196
320
181
596
302
266
270
240
122
002
95
1
894
1
3
875
21
2
OK •
1996.
0:NONE
RESPO-
HD.
N
3209
1403
1806
.
82
*
.
^
2506
irna
Del
2616
309
57
51
120
56
2928
223
11
47
2
1740
336
1098
•33
44
336
1097
748
536
448
690
726
1090
703
2178
1031
841
821
863
684
2989
196
24
3068
110
31
3016
163
30
DON'T
4:10-
U1-2 2:3-5 3:6-9 14
5:15-
24
6:25-
35 7:36*
8:DK
RESPO- RESPO- RESPO- RESPO- RESPO- RESTO- DESPO- RESPO-
ND.
N
55
21
34
.
f
'
^
46
42
1
„
5
49
%
1
.
28
6
21
f
f
6
25
10
9
5
14
15
17
9
33
22
17
14
13
11
52
3
.
S3
2
f
53
Z
•
KNOU;
NO.
H
108
35
73
.
2
f
f
97
89
.
9
2
91
15
.
2
,
64
15
28
1
1
18
38
29
15
7
29
28
36
15
76
32
23
35
25
25
97
10
1
104
3
1
99
8
1
HO. ND
N N
78
39
39
•
^
B
74
70
*
i
1
•
73
3
1
1
,
50
4
24
^
9
40
22
5
2
18
13
33
14
54
24
19
22
18
19
69
9
•
78
.
.
75
3
•
•
122
61
61
B
t
m
116
106
1
3
3
114
7
1
,
73
14
35
m
f
17
47
36
17
5
14
27
58
23
77
45
29
27
35
31
117
5
.
121
1
^
115
7
•
NO.
N
121
46
75
3
4
f
f
109
107
i
1
3
118
1
f
2
„
59
11
48
3
4
16
62
22
11
6
32
25
44
20
69
52
14
32
30
25
104
16
1
116
4
1
108
12
1
NO.
N
19
11
8
f
f
16
18
1
19
.
9
1
9
a
4
9
5
i
3
4
7
5
12
7
7
4
3
5
15
4
-
19
•
»
17
2
NO.
N
28
12
16
1
f
f
24
24
2
i
1
25
1
^
f
10
3
15
10
9
9
f
4
7
15
Z
14
14
6
10
6
i
22
6
.
26
2
23
5
•
NO.
N
85
35
50
4
m
m
67
70
19
1C
2
1
77
5
1
2
.
46
12
27
9
1
19
32
24
4
5
22
25
22
16
51
34
18
22
28
17
75
9
1
82
2
1
77
7
1
N » SAMPLE SIZE
Page
15-42
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
§ 1
•* JS
81
I
a
«!
Tafal* 15-40. Nwfcer of Mfnutos Spent Swking
PERCENT I LES
GROUP DAME
OVERALL
GENDER
GENDER
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
AGE
(ACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
RACE
HISPANIC
HISPANIC
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EMPLOYMENT
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
CENSUS REGION
DAT OF WEEK
OAT OF WEEK
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
SEASON
ASTHMA
ASTHMA
ANGINA
ANGINA
WONCH/EMPHYS
BRONCH/EMPHTS
GROUP CODE
1 SHALE
2:FEMALE
181-4
2:5-11
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
IsWIITI
2:BLACK
3;ASIAN
4:SOKE OTHERS
SiMISPAKIC
fl:so
1:»ES
IsFULL TIKi
2:PART TIME
3:NOT EMPLOYED
1:< HIGH SCHOOL
K
9386
4294
5088
499
703
589
6059
1349
7591
945
157
182
385
8534
702
4096
802
2644
834
2s«reH SCHOOL GRAB 2612
3:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE 6RAO.
5:POST CHAD.
1:NORTHEAST
2:HIOWEST
3:SOUTH
4:UEST
1 : WEEKDAY
2:ieEKEM>
1:UINTER
2:SPR1NG
3:SUMMER
4: FALL
0:NO
1:TES
0:00
1:TES
0:110
1.-TES
NOTE: '.* SIGNIFIES KISSING DATA.
SAMPLE SIZE.
Source; Tsang
PERCENTILES ARE THE
and Klepefi, 1996.
1801
1247
924
2075
2102
3243
1966
6316
3070
2524
2438
2536
1888
8629
694
9061
250
8882
433
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DK • RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
OF
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5 10
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
ANSWERED "DON
DOERS
1ELOW OR
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'T WOW".
EQUAL TO
<
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
so
75
240.0
310.0
180.0
75.0
82.0
130.0
345.0
10.0
250.0
225.0
60.0
25S.O
175.0
243.0
175.0
360.0
295.0
144.5
420.0
390.0
288.0
135.0
60.0
259.0
255.0
275.0
140.0
225.0
260.0
210.0
240.0
35.0
285.0
240.0
270.0
240.0
125.0
235.0
405.0
90
615
685
545
455
370
377
67S
340
630
540
375
680
481
625
518
687
630
5SS
790
710
630
480
380
610
610
655
510
595
651
600
626
600
630
610
668
615
615
60S
810
REF • RESPONDENTS
A GIVEN NUMBER OF
95 98
795 930.0
840 983.0
725 870.0
735 975.0
625 97S.O
542 E10.0
830 950.0
622 825.0
805 940.0
715 910.0
494 565.0
815 1140.0
652 813.0
800 940.0
680 850.0
835 945.0
793 930.0
768 915.0
880 1004.0
840 956.0
805 945.0
660 860.0
595 795.0
775 915.0
810 945.0
810 950.0
710 885.0
780 925.0
810 950.0
790 930.0
785 920.0
810 940.0
791 945.0
790 928.0
855 1020.0
795 930.0
835 1007.5
785 928.0
900 1040.0
REFUSED TO
MINUTES.
99
1035
1095
960
1095
1140
864
1045
910
1035
1071
790
1305
845
1035
920
1005
1054
1045
1105
1060
1045
970
860
990
1054
1060
990
1015
1080
1034
1060
1020
1020
1020
1170
1034
1125
1920
120S
ANSWER.
100
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1260
1440
1440
1440
1440
800
1328
1095
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1435
1140
1205
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1440
1380
1440
1380
N * DOER
- '
s
I
Kt
I
-------
f
c
I
II
10 O
0
TO
OVERALL
1:MALE
2:fENALE
9;REF
ACE
ly.ii
3:12-17
4:18-64
5:> 64
1:IMITE
iBLACK
.•ASIAN
iSOME OTHERS
SlNISPANIC
9:REF
0:NO
1:»ES
8:DK
9:REF
— EMPLOYMENT -
:FULL TIME
:PART TIME
:NOT EMPLOYED
9;Rlf
:< NIGH ICKOOL
:HICK SCHOOL BRAD
:< COLLEGE
:COLLEGE GRAB.
SPOST 6MB,
- CENSUS REGION
: NORTHEAST
:HIDUSST
[SOUTH
4:WEST
••- DAY OF WEEK -
1: WEEKDAY
2:UEEKEND
2:SPRING
3:SUMHER
4:MLL
0:NO
1:YES
8:DK
0:NO
1:»6S
8:DK
— BBONCK/EWHYS
0:NO
It YES
8:OK
NOTE: *.* SIGNIFIES
Of NUMBER OF MINUTES
0
ALL RES.
93863381
4294 2327
5088305}
4 1
499 344
703 479
569 333
60593083
1149 1009
7591 4312
945 550
157 109
182 103
385 220
126 87
8534 4868
702 414
103 70
1773 1149
4096 205*
802 421
2644 1709
7t 48
1Sf 1!f7
2*12 1297
§5 1143
2 1164
3 1814
1966 1240
6316 3655
3070 1726
2524 1478
2418 1404
2536 1477
1888 1022
86294942
694 196
63 43
9061 5169
250 163
75 49
8882 5113
433 197
71 51
MISSING DATA.
SPENT.
60
RES.
£28
I«
£1
4(1
62
496
P
10
*!
571
48
1
141
?W>
51
145
153
M
160
114
88
79
150
145
$
430
198
180
III
129
5Jf
6
610
13
5
591
30
OK
60
TO
120
RES.
444
184
259
1
8
ii
41
368
1
8
17
396
38
6
M
*
%
m
87
70
46
108
110
137
89
301
143
113
ill
95
«8
1
««
3
!i °!f 'if
. RMS*
300 360
TO TO
360 420
RES. RES.
242 236
114 128
128 108
7 8
9 6
15 13
187 192
20 14
208 186
11
1 1
226 213
14 21
2 !
iP if!
1 "I
R «
B 8
24 32
17 18
63 54
37 63
92 85
50 34
146 171
96 65
68 S3
61 61
64 68
49 54
^%
2
235 233
2 1
224 219
16 17
of Tint (NlnutM) Spent Sacking
420
TO
480
RES.
192
&
1
1?
<*
154
1
!
1R1
10
i
28
96
1
fl
1
52
w
42
175
1A
1
187
15
• RESPONDENTS ANSWERED "DOTT WOW.
480
TO
540
RES.
228
101
127
1
13
184
13
173
12
?0?
23
J
27
1W
1
3
ii
II
it
I
1H
58
2!I
223
1
215
11
REF
540 600 669
TO TO TO
600 660 720
RES. RES. RES,
186 1SS 149
^ n %
7 1 1
11 6 7
148 154 119
12 14 11
160 149 135
'! 1 I
! ! !
173 168 141
11 « S
! 1 1
109 110 83
12 16 18
43 44 31
1 1
Z ii II
H 8 8
22 21 11
12 H 8
40 38 37
51 M 36
60 76 52
35 30 24
128 116 95
58 69 54
Hi H
41 38 40
1 1! '»
1
184 181 141
2 . 4
17| 174 13
« RESPONDENTS
720 780
TO TO
7M 840
RES, RES.
135 162
II fi7
i 1
114 129
10 16
118 139
10 8
2 6
! ?
127 149
6 11
1 2
10 16
82 82
11 16
32 48
12 18
24 34
64 62
22 29
9 ,2.
% it
63 60
10 32
it 1ii
ii ft
23 45
29 27
124 150
9 11
2 1
130 157
3 4
2 1
12f 1?i
840 900
TO TO
900 960
RES. RES.
105 83
66 48
39 35
3 2
3 1
91 72
5 8
90 74
9 6
2 2
2 1
96 81
8 2
i
72 56
6 10
18 19
1 1
10 3
16 16
45 33
18 23
10 6
6 2
23 20
29 15
37 37
16 11
63 55
42 28
26 21
29 10
II II
?32 ^
103 82
. ,
a i
REFUSED TO ANSWER.
960 1020
TO TO
1020 1080
RES. RES.
53 27
36 18
1r 9
f 1
i :
44 18
2 2
49 21
i i
52 25
1 1
1
5 7
34 10
ii i
77 I
11 f
1 1
Ii ,f
29 '1
38 17
15 10
11 7
14 S
II U
47 24
5 3
1
48 26
1
1 1
N « DOER SAMPLE SIZE IN SPECIFIED RANGE
a '
^ jk.
I S.
(ti '"'S
-------
,1
I
I
OVERALL
1:KALE
2:FEHALE
9:REF
AGE
1:1-4
2:5-11
J:1Z-17
£"«"
1:UH!TE
2:BLA«
3:ASIAN
4:SOHE OTHERS
5:HISPAN1C
9:REF
0:NO
1:TES
8:OK
9:REF
--- EMPLOYMENT --
1:FULL TIHE
2:PART TIHE
3:NOT EMPLOTEO
9:REF
i:< HIGH SCHOOL
2:HIGH SCHOOL GRAO
l:< COLLEGE
4:COLLEGE GRAO.
S:POST GRAB.
•- CENSUS REGION
1:«ORTHEAST
2:M1DUEST
5: SOUTH
(:VEST
--- DAY OF UEEK •
1 :UEEKOAT
2:UEEKEND
1:WINTER
2:SPRING
3:SUHMER
«:FALL
0:110
1:YES
8:DK
0:110
1:TES
B:DK
-- BROHCH/EMPHTS
0:NO
1:TES
8:OK
NOTE: '.- SIGNIFIES
OF NUMBER OF MINUTES
Source: Tseng and K
1080
TO
mo
RES.
N
21
1*
2
!}•
16
i
1
19
i
t
{
8
36
1|
f
S
20
2?
2?
1140 1200
TO
1200
RES.
N
12
?
1
9
'!
12
3
4
3
5
f
2
8
4
2
I
12
1!
MISSING DATA.
SPENT.
lepeit, 1996.
TO
1260
RES.
N
12
6
11
]
11
5
3
5
2
1
2
i
8
1
3
I
12
9
DK
Tafal
• IS
•41. Rang* of Tlee (Ntrutn) Spent Smoking '(continued)
1260 1320 1380
TO
1320
RES.
II
3
3
i
2
2
i
2
1
2
1
I
\
2
2
2
3
,
3
TO
1380
RES.
N
6
3
i
i
6
i
3
i
i
i
\
5
,
4
TO
1440
RES.
N
IS
10
1
2
10
14
13
i
8
2
7
8
3
13
IS
IS
• RESPONDENTS ANSWERED •DON'T KNOW. REF • RESPONDENTS REFUSED TO AN SUE R. N ' DOER SAMPLE SIZE IN SPECIFIED RANGE
'
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-42. Amount and Frequency of Use of Various Cosmetic and Baby Products
I'rou'ua Type
Baby Lcxioo - baby usec
Baby Lotion - adult use
Baby Oil - b«by usec
Baby Oil • adult use
Baby Powder - baby usec
Baby Powder - aduU use
Baby Cream - baby use6
Baby Cream - adult use
Baby Shampoo - baby usec
Baby Shampoo - adult use
Bath Oils
Bitli Tablets
Bath Salts
Bubble Batl«
(Uili Capsules
lUlli Crystals
Eyebrow Pencil
Eyeliner
Eye Shadow
Eye Lotion
Eye Mikeup Remover
Mascara
Under Eye Cover
Blusher & Rouge
Pace Powders
Foundations
Leg and Body Paints
Lipstick & Lip Gloss
Makeup Bases
Makeup Fixatives
Suiucrccu
Ctikigiics & Toilet Water
IVrfuuict
Amount of
Product Per
Application
(grams)
1.4
1.0
1.3
5.0
0.8
0.8
-
—
0.5
5.0
14.7
..
18.9
11.8
..
-
--
--
--
-
~
-
-
o.ou
0.085
0.265
—
--
0.13
-
3.18
0,65
0,23
Average Frequency of Use
(per day)
Upper 90th Pcreemile Frequency of Use
(per day)
Survey Type
CTFA
0.38
0.22
0.14
0.06
5.36
0.13
0.43
0.07
0.14
0.02
0.08
0.003
0.006
0.088
0.018
0.006
0.27
0.42
0.69
0.094
0.29
0.79
0.79
1.18
0.35
0.46
0.003
1.73
0.24
0.052
0.003
0,68
0.29
Cosmetic
Co.
1.0
0.19
1.2
0.13
1.5
0.22
1.3
0.10
..
--
0.19
0.008
0.013
0.13
0.019
--
0.49
0.68
0.78
0.34
0.45
0.87
--
1.24
0.67
0.78
0.011
1.23
0.64
0.12
-
0.85
0.26
Market1*
Research
Bureau
_.
0.24d
-
—
0.35d
-
-
—
0.1 lf
-
0.22B
•
-
-
-
--
-
0.27
0.40
-
-
0.46
--
0.55
0.33
0.47
-
2.62
--
--
0.002
0.56
0.38
CTFA
0.57
0.86
0,14
0,29
8.43
0.57
0,43
0.14
0.14
0.86e
0.29
0.14C
0.14e
0,43
0.29e
0.29e
1,0
1.43
1.43
0.43
1.0
1.29
0.29
2.0
1.29
1.0
O.I4e
4.0
0.86
0.14
0.14C
1.71
0,86
Survey Type
Cosmetie
Co.
2.0
1.0
3.0
0.57
3.0
1.0
3.0
0.14e
--
--
0.86
0.14e
0.14C
0.57
O.I4e
0.14e
1.0
1.0
1.0
1,0
t.o
1.0
--
1.43
1.0
1.0
0.14e
2.86
1.0
1.0
--
1.43
1.0
Market
Research
Bureau
..
i.o"
-
-
1.0d
--
-
-
0.43f
--
I.O6
..
--
-
--
--
1.0
1.0
-
--
1.5
--
1.5
1.0
1.5
_
6.0
_
..
0,005
1.5
1.5
Page
15-46
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-42. Amount and Frequency of Use of Various Cosniclic and Hahy Products (continued)
Product Type
Powders
Sachets
Fragrance Lotion
Hair Coiiditioncrs
Hair Sprays
Hair Rinses
Shampoos
Tonks and Dressings
Wave Sets
Dentifrices
Mouthwashes
Breath Fresheners
Nail Basecoats
Cuticle Softeners
Nail Creams & Lotions
Nail Extenders
Nail Polish & Enamel
Nail Polish & Enamel
Remover
Nail Undercoats
Bath Soaps
Underarm Deodorants
Douches
Feminine Hygiene
Deodorants
Cleansing Products (cold
creams, cleansing lotions
liquids & pads)
Depilatories
Face, Body & Hand Preps
(excluding shaving preps)
Foot Powder & Sprays
Hormones
Moisturizers
NiEht Skin Care Products
Amount of
Product Per
Application
(grams)
2.01
0.2
-
12.4
--
12.7
16.4
2.85
2.6
--
-
-
0.23
0.66
0.56
-
0.28
3.06
-
2.6
0.52
-
—
1.7
-
3.5
-
--
0.53
1.33
Average Frequency of Use
(per day)
CTFA
0.18
0.0061
0.0061
0.4
0.25
0.064
0.82
0.073
0.003h
1.62
0.42
0.052
0.052
0.040
0.070
0.003
0.16
0.088
0.049
1.53
1.01
0.013
0.021
0.63
0.0061
0.65
0.061
0.012
0.98
0.18
Survey Type
Cosmetic
Co. -
0.39
0.034
--
0.40
0.55
0.18
0.59
0.021
0.040
0.67
0.62
0.43
0.13
0.10
0.14
0.013
0.20
0.19
0.12
0.95
0,80
0.089
0.084
0.80
0.051
—
0.079
0.028
0.88
0.50
Market*1
Research
Bureau
„
.,
0.27
0.32
0.48
—
--
2.12
0.58
0.46
--
..
..
.,
0.07
„
..
--
1.10
0.085
0.05
0.54
0.009
1.12
-
..
0.63
.,
Upper 'JOih I'erceiuUe Frequency of Use
(per day)
CTFA
1.0
0.14e
0.29*
1.0
1.0
0.29
1.0
0.29
h
2.6
1.86
0.14
0.29
0.14
0.29
0.14C
0.71
0.29
0.14
3.0
1.29
0.14e
1.0*
1.71
0.016
2.0
0.57°
0.57°
2.0
1.0
Survey Type
Cosmetic
Co.
1.0
0.14C
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.1 4C
0.14
2.0
1.14
1.0
0.29
0.29
0.43
0.14°
0.43
0.43
0.29
1.43
1.29
0.29
0.29
2.0
0.14
—
0.29
0.14e
1.71
1.0
Market
Research
Bureau
-
.. -
0.86
1.0
--
1.0
-
--
4.0
1.5
0.57
--
--
-
' -
1.0
__
-
-- •
2.0
0.29
0.14
1.5
0.033
2.14
-
—
1.5
-
Exposure Factors Handbook
Aiigusi
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products
Table 15-42. Amounl and Frequency of Use of Various Cosmetic and Baby Products (continued)
Product Type
Amount of
Product Per
Application
Average Frequency of Use
(per day)
Upper 90th Percentile Frequency of Use
(per day)
Survey Type
Survey Type
CTFA
Market0
Cosmetic Research
Co. Bureau
CTFA
Cosmetic
Co.
Market
Research
Bureau
Masks (niud packs)
Skin Ligltencrs
Skin Fresheners &
Astringents
Wrinkle Smoothers
(removers)
Facial Cream
Permanent Wave
HairStraighieners
Hair Dye
Hair tighteners
HairBlciches
Hair Tints
Hair Rinse (coloring)
Shintpoo (coloring)
1 lair Color Spray
Shave Cream
3.7
2.0
0.38
0.55
101
0,156
0.027
0.33
0.021
0.0061
0.003
0.0007
0.001
0.0003
0.0005
0.0001
0.0004
0.0005
0.20
0.024
0.56
0.15
0.001
0.005
0.14
jt
1.0
1.0"
0.0061
0.0082
0.005"
0.004"
0.005"
0.02'
0.005"
0.02"
0.02"
0.43
O.W
1.43
1.0
0.005
0.014
1.73
0.082
0.36
* Values reported are the averages of the responses reported by the twenty companies interviewed.
{--'*) indicate no data available.
* The averages shown for the Market Research Bureau are not true averages - this is due to the fact that in many cases the class of most
frequent users were indicated by "1 or more" also ranges were used in many cases, i.e., "10-12." The average, therefore, is
underestimated slightly. The "1 or more" designation also skew the 90th percentile figures in many instances. The 90th pereentile
values may, in actuality, be somewhat higher for many products.
* Average usage among users only for baby products.
* Usage data reflected "entire household" use for both baby lotion and baby oil.
* Fewer than 10% of individuals surveyed used these products. Value listed is lowest frequency among individuals reporting usage. In
(he case of wave sets, skin tighteners, and hair color spray, none of the individuals surveyed by the CTFA used this product during the
period of the study.
' Usage data reflected "entire household" use.
* Usage data reflected total bath product usage.
' None of the individuals surveyed reported using this product.
Source: CTFAJ983,
Page
15-48
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August 1996
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Exposure Factors Handbook page
August 1996 15-49
Table 15-43. Summary of Consumer Products Use Studies
Study Study Size Approach Relevant Population Comments
KEY STUDIES
CPSC, 1992 4,997 product interviews; Direct - interviews and Adults Random digit dialing method used to select sample.
527 mailed questionnaires questionnaires Information on use of 3 products containing methyl
chloride was requested.
Westat, 1987a 4,920 individuals Direct - questionnaire 18+ yrs selected to be Waksberg Method (random digit dialing) used to select
representative of US sample. Respondents asked to recall use in past 2 months
population of 32 catagories of household products containing methyl
chloride.
Westat, 19875 193 households Direct - telephone survey; 2 Adult household members Waksberg Method (random digit dialing) used to select
post-survey validation efforts: who do cleaning tasks in sample. Household use of cleaning products requested.
30 reinterviewed, then another household Phone survey during end of year holidays may reflect
50 reeinterviewed biased usage data. Two validation resurveys conducted 3
months after survey.
Westat, 1987c 777 households Direct - telephone survey; 1 Household members who Waksberg Method (random digit dialing) used to select
post-survey validation effort do painting tasks in sample. Painting product use information in past 12
conducted with 30 household months was requested. One validation resurvey
reinterviewed conducted 3 months after survey.
Tsang and Klepeis, 1996 9,386 individuals Direct - interviews and Representative of U.S. National Human Activity Patterns Survey (NHAPS).
questionnaires general population Participants selected using random Dial Digit (RDD) and
Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). 24-
hour diary data, and follow-up questions; nationally
representative; represent all seasons, age groups, and
genders.
RELEVANT STUDY
CTFA, 1983 Survey 1: 47 women Survey 1: Direct - 1 wk Survey 1: 16-61 yr old Interviewees asked to recall their use of cosmetics and
employees and relatives or prospective survey females some baby products during a specific past time period.
employees Survey 2: Direct - prospective Survey 2: Customers of Surveys 1 and 2 had small populations, but Survey 3 had
Survey 2: 1,129 cosmetics survey cosmetic manufacturer large population selected to be representative of U.S.
purchasers Survey 3: Direct - 9.5 months. Survey 3: Market research population
Survey 3: 19,035 females prospective survey company sampled female
consumers nationwide
Volume III - Activity Factors tpfa
Chapter 15 - Consumer Products jy=*
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter IS - Consumer Products
APPENDIX ISA
Simmons Market Research Data
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 , 15A-1
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter IS - Consumer Products
Table 15A-1. Volumes Included in 1992 Simmons Study
The volumes included in Ite Media scries are as follows:
Ml Publications: Total Audiences
M2 Publications: Qualitative Measurements And In-Home Audiences
M3 Publications; Duplication Of Audiences
M4 Multi-Media Audiences: Adults
MS Multi-Media Audiences: Males
M6 Multi-Media Audiences: Females and Mothers
M7 Business To Business
M8 Multi-Media Reach and Frequency and Television Auentiveness & Special Events
The following volumes are included in the Product series:
PI Automobiles, cycles. Trucks & Vans
P2 Automotive Products & Services
P3 Travel
P4 Banking, Investments, Insurance, Credit Cards & Contributions, Memberships & Public Activities
P5 Games & Toys, Children's & Babies' Apparel & Specialty Products
P6 Computers, Books, Discs, Records, Tapes, Stereo, Telephones, TV & Video
P7 Appliances, Garden Care, Sewing & Photography
P8 Home Furnishings & Home Improvements
P9 Sports & Leisure
P10 Restaurants, Stores & Grocery Shopping
PI 1 Direct Mail & Other In-Home Shopping, Yellow Pages, Florist, Telegrams, Faxes & Greeting Cards
P12 Jewelry, Watches, Luggage, Writing Tools & Men's Apparel
P13 • Women's Apparel
P14 Distilled Spirits, Mixed Drinks, Malt Beverages, Wine & Tobacco Products
P15 Coffee, Tea, Cocoa, Milk, Soft Drinks, Juices & Bottled Water
P16 Dairy Products, Desserts, Baking & Bread Products
PI7 Cereals & Spreads, Rice, Pasta, Pizza, Mexican Foods, Fruits & Vegetables
P18 Soup, Meat, Fish, Poultry, Condiments & Dressings
P19 Chewing Gum, Candy, Cookies & Snacks
P20 Soap, Laundry, Paper Products & Kitchen Wraps
P21 Household Clcaiiers, Room Deodorizers, Pest Controls & Pel Foods
P22 Health Care Products & Remedies
P23 Oral Hygiene Products, Skin Care, Deodorants & Drug Stores
P24 Hair Care, Shaving Products & Fragrances
P25 Women's Beauty Aids, Cosmetics & Personal Products
P26 Relative Volume of Consumption
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 15A-3
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
16. REFERENCE RESIDENCE
16.1. INTRODUCTION
Unlike previous chapters in this liandbook which
focus on human behavior or characteristics that affect
exposure, this chapter focuses on residence
characteristics. Assessment of exposure in residential
settings requires information on the availability of
chemical(s) of concern at the point of exposure,
characteristics of the structure and microenvironment that
affect exposure, and human presence within the residence.
The purpose of this chapter is to provide data that are
available on residence characteristics that affect exposure
in an indoor environment. Source-receptor relatioaships
in residential exposure scenarios can be complex due to
interactions among sources, and transport/transformation
processes that result from chemical-specific and building-
specific factors. Figure 16-1 illustrates the complex
factors that must be considered when conducting exposure
assessments in a residential setting. In addition to sources
within the building, chemicals of concern may enter the
indoor environment from outdoor air, soil, gas, water
supply, tracked-in soil, and industrial work clothes worn
by the residents. Indoor concentratioas are affected by
loss mechanisms, also illustrated in Figure 16-1, involving
chemical reactions, deposition to surfaces, and traaspon
out of the building. Panicle-bound chemicals can enter
ii\d(x>r air through resuspension. Indoor air concentratioas
of gas-phase organic chemicals are affected by the
presence of reversible sinks formed by a wide range of
indoor materials. In addition, the activity of human
receptors greatly affects their exposure as they move from
room to room, entering and leaving the exposure scene.
Inhalation exposure assessments in residential and
other indoor settings are modeled by considering the
building as an assemblage of one or more well-mixed
zones. A zone is defined as one room, a group of
interconnected rooms, or an entire building. This
macroscopic level, well-mixed perspective forms the basis
for interpretation of measurement data as well as
simulation of hypothetical scenarios. Exposure assessment
models on a macroscopic level incorporate important
physical factors and processes. These well-mixed,
macroscopic models have been used to perform indoor air
quality simulations (Axley, 1989), as well as indoor air
exposure assessments (McKone, 1989; Ryan, 1991).
Nazzaroff and Cass (1986) and Wtlkes et al. (1992) liave
used code-inteasive computer programs featuring finite
difference or finite element numerical techniques to model
Concentration, C
Source
Exposure, E for Occupant(s)
Decay
Resuspension
Removal
Reversible
Sinks
Out
Figure 16-1. Elements of Residential Exposure
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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16-1
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
mass balance. A simplified approach using desk top
spreadsheet programs has been used by Jennings et al.
(1985).
hi order to model mass balance of indoor
contaminants, tlie indoor air volume is represented as a
network of interconnected zones. Because conditions in
a given zone are determined by interactions with other
connecting zones, the multizone model is stated as a
system of simultaneous equations. The mathematical
framework for modeling indoor air has been reviewed by
Sinden (1978) and Sandberg (1984).
Indoor air quality models typically are not software
products that can be purchased as "off-the-shelf" items.
Most existing software models are research tools that have
been developed for specific purposes and are being
continuously refined by researchers. Leading examples of
indoor air models implemented as software products are
as follows:
« CONTAM -- developed at the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
with support from U.S. EPA and the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE) (Axley, 1988;
Grot, 1991; Walton, 1993);
• EXPOSURE -- developed at the Indoor Air
Branch of U.S. EPA Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory
(EPA/AEERL) (Sparks, 1988, 1991);
* MCCEM -- the Multi-Chamber Consumer
Exposure Model developed for U.S EPA
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
(EPA/OPPT) (GEOMET, 1989; Koontzand
Nagda, 1991); and
* THERdbASE - the Total Human Exposure
Relational Data Base and Advanced
Simulation Environment software developed
by researchers at the Harry Reid Center for
Environmental Studies at University Nevada,
Las Vegas (UNLV) (Pandian et al.» 1993).
Section 16.2 of this chapter summarizes existing
data on building characteristics (volumes, surface areas,
mechanical systems, and types of foundations). Section
16.3 summarizes transport phenomena that affect chemical
traasport (airflow, chemical-specific deposition and
filtration, and effects of water supply and soil tracking).
Section 16.4 provides information on various types of
indoor sources associated with airborne exposure,
waterborne sources, and soil/house dust sources. Section
16.5 summarizes advanced concepts.
16.2. BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
16.2.1. Volumes of Residences
Key Volumes of Residence Studies
U.S. DOE (1995) - Housing Characteristics 1995,
Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) -
Measurement surveys have not been conducted to directly
characterize the range and distribution of volumes for a
random sample of U.S. residences. Related data,
however, are regularly collected through the U.S.
Department of Energy's Residential Energy Consumption
Survey (U.S. DOE, 1995). In addition to collecting
information on energy use, this triennial survey collects
data on housing characteristics including direct
measurements of total and heated floor space for buildings
visited by survey specialists. For the most recent survey
(1993), a multistage probability sample of over 7,000
residences was surveyed, representing % million
residences nationwide. The survey response rate was 81.2
percent.
Volumes were estimated from the RECS
measurements by multiplying the heated floor space area
by an assumed ceiling height of 8 feet, recognizing that
this assumed height may not apply universally to all
homes. Results for residential volume distributions from
this survey (Thompson, 1995) are presented in Table 16-
1. The RECS also provides relationships between average
residential volumes and factors such as housing type,
ownership, household size and structure age. The
predominant housing type-single-family detached homes--
also has the largest average volume (Table 16-2).
Table 16-1. Summary of Residential Volume Distributions
in Cubic Meters*
Parameter
Arithmetic Mean
Standard Deviation
10th Percemile
25th Percenlilc
50th Percentile
75lh Percemile
90!h Percemile
RECS'
369
258
147
209
310
476
672
PFT Database2
369
209
167
225
321
473
575
* In cubic meters
Sources: (1) Thompson. I995:(2) Versar. 1990
Page
16-2
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August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Table
16-2. Average Estimated Volumes of U.S. Residences, hy Housing Type and Ownership
Ownership
Owner-Occupied
Housing Type
Single-Family Detached
Single-Family
(Attaclted)
Multifamily
(2-4 units)
Multifamily
(5+ Units)
Mobile Home
All Types
Volume1
(m3)
471
406
362
241
221
441
Percent
of Total
53.1
4.6
1.6
1.7
4.6
65.4
' Volumes calculated from floor areas assuming a ceiling
Source: Adapted from U.S. DOE, 1995.
Rental
Volume1
(m5)
323
291
216
183
170
233
height of 8 feet.
Percent
of Total
8.5
2.9
6.7
15.2
1.2
34.6
All Units
Volume1
(m1)
451
362
243
190
210
369
Percent
of Total
61.7
7.5
8.3
16.8
5.8
100.0
Multifamily units and mobile homes have volumes
averaging about half that of single-family detached homes,
with single-family attached homes about halfway between
these extremes. Within each category of housing type,
owner-occupied residences average about 50 percent
greater .volume than rental units. The relationship of
residential volume to household size (Table 16-3) is of
particular interest for purposes of exposure assessment.
For example, one-person households would not include
children, and the data in the table indicate that multi-
person households occupy residences averaging about 50
percent greater volume than residences occupied by one-
person households.
Data on year of construction indicate a slight
decrease in residential volumes between 1950 and 1984,
followed by an increasing trend over the next decade. A
ceiling height of 8 feet was assumed in estimating the
average volumes, whereas there may have been some
time-related trends in ceiling height.
Versar (1990) - Database on Perfluorocarbon
Tracer (PFT) Measurements - A database of time-
averaged air exchange and interzonal airflow
measurements in more than 4,000 residences has been
compiled by Versar (1990) to allow researchers to access
these data (see Section 16.3.2). These data were collected
between 1982 and 1987. The residences that appear in
this database are not a random sample of U.S. homes,
however, they do represent a compilation of homes visited
in about 100 different field studies, some of which
involved random sampling. In each study, the house
volumes were directly measured or estimated. The
collective homes visited in these field projects are not
geographically balanced; a large fraction of these homes
are located in southern California.
Table 16-3. Residential Volumes in Relation to Household Size
and Year of Construction
Household Size
1 Person
2 Persons
3 Persons
4 Persons
5 Persons
6 or More Persons
All Sizes
Year of Construction
1939 or before
1940 to 1949
1950 to 1959
1960 to 1969
1970 to 1979
1980 to 1984
1985 to 1987
1988 to 1990
1991 to 1993
All Years
1 Volumes calculated from
of 8 feet.
Source: U.S. DOE, 1995.
Volume1
(m1)
269
386
387
431
433
408
369
385
338
365
358
350
344
387
419
438
369
Percent of Total
24.3
32.8
17.2
15.1
7.0
3.6
100.0
21.1
7.1
13.5
15.5
T8.7
-8.8
5.7
4.9
4.7
100.0
floor areas assuming a ceiling height
Statistical weighting techniques were applied in developing
estimates of nationwide distributions (see Section 16.3.2)
to compensate for the geographic imbalance.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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16-3
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Estimated parameters of residential volume
distributions (in cubic meters) from the PFT database are
also summarized in Table 16-L Additionally, they are
compared to the KECS data. The arithmetic means from
the two sources are identical (369 cubic meters). The
medians (50th percentiles) arc very similar: 310 cubic
meters for the U.S. DOE survey, and 321 cubic meters
for the PFT database. Cumulative frequency distributions
from the two sources (Figure 16-2) also are quite similar,
especially between the 50th and 75th percentiles.
Murray (1996) - Analysis of RECS and PFT
Datalioses. Using a database from the 1993 RECS and an
assumed ceiling height of 8 feet, Murray (19%) estimated
a mean residential volume of 382 m' using RECS
estimates of heated floor space. This estimate is slightly
different from the mean of 369 m3 given in Table 16-1.
His sensitivity analysis indicated that when a fixed ceiling
height of 8 feet was replaced with a randomly varying
height with a mean of 8 feet, there was little effect on the
standard deviation of the estimated distribution. From a
separate analysis of the PFT database based on 1,751
individual household measurements, Murray estimated an
average volume of 369 m3, the same as previously given
in Table 16-1. In performing this analysis, the author
carefully reviewed the PFT database in an effort to use
each residence only once, for those residences thought to
have multiple PFT measurements.
16.2.2. Volumes and Surface Areas of Rooms
Room Volumes - Volumes of individual rooms are
dependent on the building size and configuration, and
summary data are not readily available. The exposure
assessor is advised to define specific rooms, or assemblies
of rooms, that best fit the scenario of interest. Most
100 200 30O 400 500 600
Volume, cubic meters
700
800
900
1000
Figure 16-2. Cumulative Frequency Distributions for Residential Volumes.
Page
16-4
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August 1996
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
models for predicting indoor-air concentrations specify
airflows in cubic meters per hour and, correspondingly,
express volumes in cubic meters. A measurement in
cubic feet can be converted to cubic meters by multiplying
the value by 0.0283 inches. For example, a bedroom that
is 9' wide by 12' long by 8' high has a volume of 864
cubic feet or 24.5 cubic meters. Similarly, a living room
with dimensions of 12' wide x 20' long x 8' high has a
volume of 1920 cubic feet or 54.3 cubic meters, and a
bathroom with dimensions of 5' x 12' x 8' has a volume
of 480 cubic feet or 13.6 cubic meters.
area-to-volume, or loading, ratio. Table 16-4 provides the
basis for calculating loading ratios for typical sized rooms.
Constant features in the examples are: a room width of 12
feet and a ceiling height of 8 feet (typical for residential
buildings) or ceiling height 12 feet (typical for commercial
buildings). The loading ratios for the 8-foot ceiling height
range from 0.98 nrm"s to 2.18 irriir3 for wall area and
from 0.36 m2!!!"3 to 0.44 m^i'3 for floor area. In
comparison, ASTM Standard E 1333 (ASTM, 1990), for
large-chamber testing of formaldehyde levels from wood
products, specifies the following loading ratios: (1) 0.95
Table 16-4. Dimensional Quantities for Residential Rooms
Nominal Dimensions
iight Foot Ceiling
12'xl5'
12'xl2'
10'xll'
9"xl2'
6'xl2'
. 4'xl2'
Twelve Foot Ceiling
12'xlS'
12'xl2'
10'xl2'
9'xI2'
6'xl2'
4'xl2"
I-eiigth
(tn)
4.6
3.7
3.0
2.7
1.8
1.2
4.6
3.7
3.0
2.7
1.8
1.2
Width
(in)
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
Heiglil
(in)
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
Volume
(m')
41
33
27
24
16
11
61
49
41
37
24
16
Wall Area
(«"*)
40
36
33
31
27
24
60
54
49
47
40
36
HOOT Area
(m1)
17
13
11
10
7
4
17
13
11
10
7
4
Total Area
(in2)
74
62
55
51
40
32
94
80
71
67
54
44
Murray (1996) analyzed the distribution of selected
residential zones (i.e., a series of connected rooms) using
the PFT database. The author analyzed the "kitchen
zone" and the "bedroom zone" for houses in the Los
Angeles area that were labeled in this manner by field
researchers, and "basement," "first floor" and "second
floor" zones for houses outside of Los Angeles for which
the researchers labeled individual floors as zones. The
kitchen zone contained the kitchen in addition to any of the
following associated spaces: utility room, dining room,
living room and family room. The bedroom zone
contained all the bedrooms plus any bathrooms and
hallways associated with the bedrooms. The following
summary statistics (mean ± standard deviation) were
reported by Murray (1996) for the volumes of the zones
described above: 199 ± 115 m} for the kitchen zone, 128
± 67 m3 for die bedroom zone, 205 + 64 m3 for the
basement, 233 ± 72 m3 for the first floor, and 233 ± 111
m3 for the second floor. 72
Surface Areas - The surface areas of floors are
commonly considered in relation to the room or house
volume, and their relative loadings expressed as a surface
nrm'3 for testing plywood (assumes plywood or paneling
on all four walls of a typical size room); and (2) 0.43
rrftn'3 for testing particleboard (assumes that particleboard
decking or underlayment would be used as a substrate for
die entire floor of a structure).
Products aiul Materials - Table 16-5 presents
examples of assumed amounts of selected products and
materials used in constructing or finishing residential
surfaces (Tucker, 1991). Products used for floor surfaces
include adhesive, varnish and wood stain; and materials
used for walls include paneling, painted gypsum board,
and walipaper. Particleboard and chipboard are
commonly used for interior furnishings such as shelves or
cabinets, but could also be used for decking or
underlayment. It should be noted that numbers presented
in Table 16-5 for surface area are based on typical values
for residences, and diey are presented as examples. In
contrast to the concept of loading ratios presented above
(as a surface area), the numbers in Table 16-5 also are not
scaled to any particular residential volume. In some cases
it may be preferable for the exposure assessor to use
professional judgment in combination with the loading
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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16-5
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Volume HI - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
ratios given above. For example, if the exposure scenario
involved residential carpeting, either as an indoor source
or as an indoor sink, then the ASTM loading ratio of 0.43
m*m'3 for floor materials could be multiplied by an
assumed residential volume and assumed fractional
coverage of carpeting to derive an estimate of the surface
area. More specifically, a residence with a volume of 300
m1, a loading ratio of 0.43 nrm"' and coverage of 80%
would liave 103 nr of carpeting. The estimates discussed
here relate to macroscopic surfaces; the true surface area
for carpeting, for example, would be considerably larger
because of the nature of its fibrous material.
Table 16-5, Examples of Products and Materials Associated wilh
Floor ind Wall Surfaces in Residences
Material Sources
Silicons caulk
Floor adhesive
ROOT wax
Wood stain
Polyurcihan: wood finish
ROOT varnish or lacquer
Plywood paneling
Chipboard
Gypsum board
Wallpaper
Assumed Amount of
Surface Coveted"
0.2m1
10.0 trf
50.0 ml
10.0 m*
10.0 in8
50.0m*
100.0m1
100.0m2
100.0 m1
100.0 m1
' Itased oil typical values for a residence.
Source: Adapted from Tucker, 1991.
Funmhings - Information on the relative abundance
of specific types of indoor furnishings, such as draperies
or upliolstered furniture, was not readily available. The
exposure assessor is advised to rely on common sense and
professional judgment. For example, the number of beds
in a residence is usually related to household size, and
information has been provided (Table 16-3) on average
house volume in relation to household size.
16.2.3. Mechanical System Configurations
Mechanical systems for air movement in residences
can affect the migration and mixing of pollutants released
indoors and the rate of pollutant removal. Three types of
mechanical systems are: (1) systems associated with
heating and air conditioning (HAG); (2) systems whose
primary function is providing localized exhaust; and (3)
systems intended to increase the overall air exchange rate
of the residence.
Portable space heaters intended to serve a single
room, or a series of adjacent rooms, may or may not be
equipped with blowers that promote air movement and
mixing. Without a blower, these heaters still have the
ability to induce mixing through convective heat transfer.
If the heater is a source of combustion pollutants, as with
unvented gas or kerosene space heaters, then the
combination of convective heat transfer and thermal
buoyancy of combustion products will result in fairly rapid
dispersal of such pollutants. The pollutants will disperse
throughout the floor where the heater is located and to
floors above the heater, but will not disperse to floors
below.
Central forced-air HAC systems are common in
many residences. Such systems, through a network of
supply/return ducts and registers, can achieve fairly
complete mixing within 20 to 30 minutes (Koontz et al.,
1988). The air handler for such systems is commonly
equipped with a filter (see Figure 16-3) that can remove
particle-phase contaminants. Further removal of particles,
via deposition on various room surfaces (see Section
16.3.2), is accomplished through increased air movement
when the air handler is operating.
COMMON RETURN LAYOUT
|R<>!«n», _,.. ,
ml
i M i1
i
Zone 1 Zone 2
Htt==itl=
Supply A
s
Air
1
1
Zone
=lt
L
O) j
handler
N
BALANCED SUPPLY and RETURN LAYOUT
+ .*«
Zone 1 Zone 2
I I 1 I I
Supply A
S
\
Air
etum A
H
Zone
=rf
L
N
Filter
X
O) B *
^S-\
Handler
Figure 16-3. Configuration for Residential Forced-air Systems
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Chapter 16- Reference Residence
Figure 16-3 also distinguishes forced-air HAC
systems by the return layout in relation to supply registers.
The return layout shown in the upper portion of the figure
is the type most commonly found in residential settings.
On any floor of the residence, it is typical to find one or
more supply registers to individual rooms, with one or two
centralized return registers. With this layout,
supply/return imbalances can often occur in individual
rooms, particularly if the interior doors to rooms are
closed. In comparison, the supply/return layout shown in
the lower portion of the figure by design tends to achieve
a balance in individual rooms or zones. Airflow
imbalances can also be caused by inadvertent duct leakage
to unconditioned spaces such as attics, basements, and
crawl spaces. Such imbalances usually depressurize the
house, thereby increasing the likelihood of contaminant
entry via soil-gas transport or dyaugh spillage of
combustion products from vented fossil-fuel appliances
such as fireplaces and gas/oil furnaces.
Mechanical devices such as kitchen fans, bathroom
fans, and clothes dryers are intended primarily to provide
localized removal of unwanted heat, moisture, or odors.
Operation of these devices tends to increase the air
exchange rate between the indoors and outdoors. Because
local exhaust devices are designed to be near certain
indoor sources, their effective removal rate for locally
generated pollutants is greater than would be expected
from the dilution effect of increased air exchange.
Operation of these devices also tends to depressurize the
house, because replacement air usually is not provided to
balance the exhausted air.
An alternative approach to pollutant removal is one
which relies on an increase in air exchange to dilute
pollutants generated indoors. This approach can be
accomplished using heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) or
energy recovery ventilators (ERVs). Both types of
ventilators are designed to provide balanced supply and
exhaust airflows and are intended to recover most of the
energy that normally is lost when additional outdoor air is
introduced. Although ventilators can provide for more
rapid dilution of internally generated pollutants, they also
increase the rate at which outdoor pollutants are brought
into the house. A distinguishing feature of the two types
is that ERVs provide for recovery of latent heat (moisture)
in addition to sensible heat. Moreover, ERVs typically
recover latent heat using a moisture-transfer device such
as a desiccant wheel. It has been observed in some
studies that the transfer of moisture between outbound and
inbound air streams can result in some re-entrainment of
indoor pollutants that otherwise would have been
exhausted from the house (Anderson et al., 1993).
Inadvertent air communication between the supply and
exhaust air streams can have a similar effect.
Studies quantifying the effect of mechanical devices
on air exchange using tracer-gas measurements are
uncommon and typically provide only anecdotal data. The
common approach is for the expected increment in the air
exchange rate to be estimated from the rated airflow
capacity of the device(s). For example, if a device with
a rated capacity of 100 cubic feet per minute (cftn), or 170
cubic meters per hour, is operated continuously in a house
with a volume of 400 cubic meters, then the expected
increment in the air exchange rate of the house would be
170 m3h' / 400 m3, or approximately 0.4 air changes per
hour.
16.2.4. Type of Foundation
The type of foundation of a residence is of interest
in residential exposure assessment. It provides some
indication of the number of stories and house
configuration, and provides an indication of the relative
potential for soil-gas transport. For example, such
transport can occur readily in homes with enclosed crawl
spaces, and homes widi basements provide some
resistance but still have numerous pathways for soil-gas
entry. By comparison, homes with crawl spaces open to
the outside have significant opportunities for dilution of
soil gases prior to transport into the house.
U.S. DOE (1995) - Housing Cfiaracteristics in
1995 - Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) -
The most recent RECS (described in Section 16.2.1) was
administered in 1993 to over 7,000 households (U.S.
DOE, 1995). The type of information requested by the
survey questionnaire included was the type of foundation
for the residence (i.e., basement, enclosed crawl space,
crawl space open to outside or concrete slab). This
information was not obtained for multifamily structures
widi five or more dwelling units and for mobile homes.
Table 16-6 presents estimates from the survey of the
percentage of residences with each foundation type, by
census region, and for the entire U.S. The percentages
can add to more than 100 percent because some residences
have more than one type of foundation; for example, most
split-level structures have a partial basement combined
widi some crawlspace that typically is enclosed.
The data in Table 16-6 indicate that close to half
(45 percent) of residences nationwide have a basement,
and that fewer than 10 percent have a crawl space that is
open to outside. It also shows that a large fraction of
homes have concrete slabs (31 percent). There are also
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Table 16-6. Pcrcem of Residences With Certain Foundation Types",
Pcrceni of Residences
Census Rcgkm
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
AH Regions
1 Percentage may add to more than
Source: U.S. DOE. 1995.
Basement
78.0
78.1
18.6
19.4
45.2
Enclosed Crawlspace
12.6
19,5
31.8
36.7
26.0
100 percent because more than one foundation type
Crawlspace Open to
Outside
2.8
5.6
11.0
8.1
7.5
may apply to a given residence
Concrete Slab
15.8
14.7
44.6
43.5
31,3
variations by census region. For example, nearly 80
percent of (he residences in the Northeast and Midwest
regions have basements. In the South and West regions,
the predominant foundation types are concrete slabs and
enclosed crawl spaces.
National Residential Radon Survey - The survey,
sponsored by the U.S. EPA, was conducted by Lucas et
al. (1992) in about 5,700 households nationwide. In
addition to radon measurements, a number of housing
characteristics were collected, including whether each
house liad a basement. The estimated percentage of
homes in the U.S. having basements (Table 16-7) from
this survey is the same as found by the RECS (Table 16-
6).
Table 16-7. Percent of Residences with Basement,
Region
I
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Alt Regions
Source: Lucas et at..
by EPA Region
Percent of Residences with
Basements
93.4
55.9
67.9
19.3
73,5
4.1
75.3
68.5
W.3
11.5
45.2
1992.
The radon survey provides data for more refined
geographical areas, with a breakdown by the 10 EPA
Regions. The New England region, which includes
Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
Rhode Island and Vermont, had the highest prevalence of
basements (93 percent). The lowest prevalence (4
percent) was for the South Central region, which includes
Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas.
Figure 16-4 illustrates the 10 EPA Regions and the 4
Census Regions.
16.3. TRANSPORT RATES
16,3.1. Background
Major air transport pathways for airborne substances
in residences include the following:
» Air exchange - Air leakage through windows,
doorways, intakes and exhausts, and
"adventitious openings" (i.e., cracks and
seams) that combine to form the leakage
configuration of the building envelope plus
natural and mechanical ventilation;
• Interzonal airflows - Transport through
doorways, ductwork, and service chaseways
that interconnect rooms or zones within a
building; and
• Local circulation - Convective and adjective
air circulation and mixing within a room or
within a zone.
The distribution of airflows across the building
envelope that contribute to air exchange and the interzonal
airflows along interior flowpaths is determined by the
interior pressure distribution. The forces causing the
airflows are temperature differences, the actioas of wind,
and mechanical ventilation systems. Basic concepts have
been reviewed by ASHRAE (1993). Indoor-outdoor and
room-to-room temperature differences create density
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Chapter 16- Reference Residence
US EPA Regions
US Bureau of Census Regions
Figure 16-4. EPA Regions and Census Regions
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differences that help determine basic patterns of air
motion. During the heating season, warmer indoor air
tends to rise to exit the building at upper levels by stack
action. Exiting air is replaced at lower levels by an influx
of colder outdoor air. During the cooling season, this
pattern is reversed: stack forces during the cooling season
are generally not as strong as in the heating season
because the indoor-outdoor temperature differences are
not pronounced.
The position of the neutral pressure level (i.e., the
point where indoor-outdoor pressures are equal) depends
on the leakage configuration of the building envelope.
Tl>e stack effect arising from indoor-outdoor temperature
differences is also influenced by the partitioning of the
building interior. When there is free communication
between floors or stories, the building behaves as a single
volume affected by a generally rising current during the
heating season and a generally falling current during the
cooling season. When vertical communication is
restricted, each level essentially becomes an independent
zone. As the wind flows past a building, regions of
positive and negative pressure (relative to indoors) are
created witliin die building; positive pressures induce an
influx of air, whereas negative pressures induce an
outflow. Wind effects and stack effects combire to
determine a net inflow or outflow.
The final element of indoor transport involves the
actions of mechanical ventilation systems that circulate
indoor air through the use of fans. Mechanical ventilation
systems may be connected to heating/cooling system^ that,
depending on the type of building, recirculate thermally
treated indoor air or a mixture of fresh air and recirculated
air. Mechanical systems also may be solely dedicated to
exhausting air from a designated area, as with some
Mtchen range hoods and bath exhausts, or to reeireulating
air in designated areas as with a room faa Local air
circulation also is influenced by the movement of people
and the operation of local heat sources.
16.3.2. Air Exchange Rates
Air exchange is the balanced flow into and out of a
building, and is composed of three processes: (1)
infiltration - air leakage through random cracks, interstices
and other unintentional openings in the building envelope;
(2) natural ventilation - airflows through open windows,
doors, and other designed openings in the building
envelope; and (3) forced or mechanical ventilation -
controlled air movement driven by fans. For nearly all
indoor exposure scenarios, air exchange is treated as the
principal means of diluting indoor concentrations because
outdoor levels are generally assumed to be zero. The air
exchange rate is generally expressed in terms of air
changes per hour (ACH, with units of h"1), the ratio of the
airflow (m3 h'1) to the volume (m3).
No measurement surveys have been conducted to
directly evaluate the range and distribution of residential
air exchange rates. Although a significant number of air
exchange measurements have been carried out over the
years, there has been a diversity of protocols and study
objectives. Since the early 1980s, however, an
inexpensive perfluorocarbon tracer (PFT) technique has
been used to measure time-averaged air exchange and
interzonal airflows in thousands of occupied residences
using essentially similar protocols (Dietz et al., 1986).
The PFT technique utilizes miniature permeation tubes as
tracer emitters and passive samplers to collect the tracers.
The passive samplers are returned to die laboratory for
analysis by gas chromatography. These measurement
results have been compiled to allow various researchers to
access the data (Versar, 1990).
Key Air Exchange Rate Studies
Versar (1990) - Datalme (f PFT Ventilation
Measurements - The residences included in the PFT
database do not constitute a random sample across the
United States. They represent a compilation of homes
visited in the course of about 100 separate field-research
projects by various organizations, some of which involved
random sampling and some of which involved judgmental
or fortuitous sampling. The larger projects in the PFT
database are summarized in Table 16-8, in terms of the
number of measurements (samples), states where, and
months when, samples were taken, and summary statistics
for their respective distributions of measured air exchange
rates. For selected projects (LBL, RTI, SOCAL),
multiple measurements were taken for the same house,
usually during different seasons. A large majority of the
measurements are from the SOCAL project that was
conducted in Sournern California. The means of the
respective studies generally range from 0.2 to 1.0 ACH,
with the exception of two California projects—RTI2 and
SOCAL2. Both projects involved measurements in
Southern California during a time of year (July) when
windows would likely be opened by many occupants.
Koontz and Rector (1995) - Estimation of
Distributions for Residential Air Exchange Rates - In
analyzing the composite data from various projects (2,971
measurements), Koontz and Rector (1995) assigned
weights to the results from each state to compensate for
the geographic imbalance in locations where PFT
measurements were taken. The results were weighted in
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Table 16-9. Summary Sialislics for Air Excliangc Rates
(Air CJiangcs Per Hour-ACH), by Region
Arillimctic Mean
ArillnDctk:
Standard Deviation
OctXDctric Mean
Geometric
Standard Deviation
10th Pcreemile
50th Pcrccntilc
90th Perccntile
Maximum
West Region
0.66
0.87
0.47
2.11
0,20
0.43
1.25
23.32
North Central
Region
0.57
0.63
0.39
2.36
0.16
0.35
1.49
4.52
Northeast
Region
0.71
0.60
0.54
2.14
0.23
0.49
1.33
5.49
South Region
0.61
0.51
0.46
2.28
0.16
0.49
1.21
3.44
All Regions
0.63
0.65
0.46
2.25
0.18
0.45
1.26
23.32
Source: Koontz and Rector, 1995.
Murray and Burmaster (1995) - Residential Air
ExcJiange Rates in the. United States: Empirical and
Estimated Parametric Distribution ly Season and Climatic
Region - Murray and Burmaster (1995) analyzed the PFT
database using 2,844 measurements (essentially the same
cases as analyzed by Koontz and Rector (1995), but
without the compensating weights). These authors
summarized distributions for subsets of the data defined
by climate region and season. The coldest region was
defined as having 7.000 or more heating degree days, the
colder region as 5,500-6,999 degree days, the warmer
region as 2,500-5,499 degree days, arid the warmest
region as fewer than 2,500 degree days. The months of
December, January and February were defined as winter,
March, April and May were defined as spring, and so on.
Their results are summarized in Table 16-10. Neglecting
the summer results in the colder regioas which have only
a few observations, the results indicate that the highest air
exchange rates occur in the warmest climate region during
the summer. The lowest rates generally occur in the
colder regioas during the fall.
Relevant Air Exchange Rate Study
Nazaroffet al. (1988) - Prior to the Koontz and
Rector (1993) study, Nazaroffet al. (1988) aggregated the
data from two studies conducted earlier on tracer-gas
decay. At the time these studies were conducted, they
were the largest U.S. studies to include air exchange
measurements. The first (Grot and Clark, 1981) was
conducted in 255 dwellings occupied by low-income
families in 14 different cities. The geometric mean ±
Table Ifr 10. Regiontt and Seasonal DisiribuiioiK for Residential Air Exchange Kates*
Climidc
ReRton
Coldest
Colder
Warmer
Warmest
Season
Winter
Spring
Sunx&cr
Fall
Winter
Spring
SucKBer
!;ill
Winter
Spring
Summer
I-'all
Winter
Spring
Summer
F«ll
' In air chingcs per hour
KUMIIT Mtifrav ami lUimtisfcr,
Arithmetic Mean
Sample Size
161
254
S
47
428
43
2
23
%
165
34
37
454
589
433
18
IWS-
0.36
0.44
0.82
0,25
0.57
0.52
1.31
0.3$
0.47
0.59
0.68
0.51
0.63
0,77
1,57
0.72
Deviation
0.28
0.31
0.69
0.12
0.43
0.91
0.18
0.40
0.43
0.50
0.25
0.52
0.62
1.56
1.43
PerccntUcs
lOlh
0.11
0.18
0.27
0.10
0.21
0.13
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.27
0.30
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.22
25lh
0.18
0.24
0.41
0.15
0.30
0.21
0.22
0.26
0.28
0.36
0.30
0.34
0.42
0.58
0.25
30th
0.27
0.36
0.57
0.22
0.42
0.24
0.33
0.39
0.48
0.51
0.44
0.48
0.63
1.10
0.42
75th
0.48
0.53
1.08
0.34
0.69
0.39
0.41
0.58
0.82
0.83
0.60
0.78
0.92
1.98
0,46
90th
0.71
0.80
2.01
0.42
1.18
0.83
0.59
0.78
1.11
1.30
0.82
1.13
1.42
3.28
0.74
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Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
standard deviation for the air exctiange measurements in
these homes, with a median house age of 45 years, was
0.90 ± 2.13 ACH. The second study (Grimsrud et al.,
1983) involved 312 newer residences, with a median age
of less than 10 years. Based on measurements taken
during the heating season, the geometric mean ± standard
deviation for these homes was 0.53 ± 1.71 ACH. Based
on an aggregation of the two distributions with
proportional weighting by the respective number of
houses studied, Nazaroff et al. (1988) developed an
overall distribution with a geometric mean of 0.68 ACH
and a geometric standard deviation of 2.01.
16.3.3. Infiltration Models
A variety of mathematical models exist for
prediction of air infiltration rates in individual buildings.
A number of these models have been reviewed, for
example, by Liddament and Allen (1983), and by Persily
and Linteris (1984). Basic principles are concisely
summarized in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals
(ASHRAE, 1993). These models have a similar
theoretical basis; all address indoor-outdoor pressure
differences that are maintained by the actions of wind and
stack (temperature difference) effects. The models
generally incorporate a network of airflows where nodes
representing regions of different pressure are
interconnected by leakage paths. Individual models differ
in details such as the number of nodes they can treat or
the specifics of leakage paths (e.g., individual components
such as cracks around doors or windows versus a
combination of components such as an entire section of a
building). Such models are not easily applied by exposure
assessors, however, because the required (e.g., leakage
areas, crack lengths) for the model are not easy to gather.
Another approach for estimating air infiltration
rates is developing empirical models. Such models
generally rely on collection of infiltration measurements
in a specific building under a variety of weather
conditions. The relationship between the infiltration rate
and weather conditions can then be estimated through
regression analysis, and is usually stated in the following
form:
,- 1,1* cu1
(Eqn. 16-1)
where:
A = air infiltration rate (h'1)
T, = indoor temperature (°C)
T0 = outdoor temperature (°C)
U = windspeed (ms4)
n is an exponent with a value typically between 1 and 2
a, b and c are parameters to be estimated
Relatively good predictive accuracy asually can be
obtained for individual buildings through this approach.
However, exposure assessors often do not have the
information resources required to develop parameter
estimates for making such predictioas.
A reasonable compromise between the theoretical
and empirical approaches has been developed in the model
specified by Dietz et al. (1986). The model, drawn from
correlation analysis of environmental measurements and
air infiltration data, is formulated as follows:
A = L 0.006&T *i
(Eqn. 16-2)
where:
A
L
C
AT
U
average air clianges per hour or infiltration rate, h-1
generalized house leakiness factor (I < L < 5)
terrain sheltering factor (1 < C < 10}
indoor-outdoor temperature difference (C°)
windspced (ins"')
The value of L is greater as house leakiness
increases and the value of C is greater as terrain sheltering
(reflects shielding of nearby wind barrier) increases.
Although the above model has not been extensively
validated, it has intuitive appeal and it is possible for the
user to develop reasonable estimates for L and C with
limited guidance. Historical data from various U.S.
airports are available for estimation of the temperature and
windspeed parameters. As an example application,
consider a house that has central values of 3 and 5 for L
and C, respectively. Under conditions where the indoor
temperature is 20 °C (68 °F), the outdoor temperature is
0 °C (32 ° F) and the windspeed is 5 ms'1, the predicted
infiltration rate for that house would be 3 (0.006 x 20 +
0.03/5 x 51.5), or 0.56 air changes per hour. This
prediction applies under the condition that exterior doors
and windows are closed, and does not include the
contributions, if any, from mechanical systems (see
Section 16.2.3). Occupant behavior, such as opening
windows, can, of course, overwhelm the idealized effects
of temperature and wind speed.
16.3.4. Deposition and Filtration
Deposition refers to the removal of airborne
substances to available surfaces that occurs as a result of
gravitational settling and diffusion, as well as
electrophoresis and thermophoresis. Filtration is driven
by similar processes, but is confined to material through
which air passes. Filtration is usually a matter of design,
whereas deposition is a matter of fact.
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16,3,4.1. Deposition
The deposition of paniculate matter and reactive
gas phase pollutants to indoor surfaces is often stated in
terms of a characteristic deposition velocity (m Ir1) allied
to the surface-to-volume ratio (m3 m'3) of the building or
room interior, forming a first order loss rate (h"') similar
to that of air exchange. Theoretical considerations specific
to indoor environments have been summarized in
comprehensive reviews by Nazaroff and Cass (1989) and
Nazaroff et al. (1993).
For airborne panicles, deposition rates depend on
aerosol properties (size, shape, density) as well as room
factors (diermal gradients, turbulence, surface geometry).
The motioas of larger panicles are dominated by
gravitational settling; the motions of smaller particles are
subject to convection and diffusion. Consequently, larger
panicles tend to accumulate more rapidly on floors and
up-feeing surfaces white smaller particles may accumulate
on surfaces facing in any direction. Figure 16-5 illustrates
the general trend for panicle deposition across the size
range of general concern for inhalation exposure
(<10 fjtm). The current thought is that theoretical
calculations of deposition rates are likely to provide
unsatisfactory results due to knowledge gaps relating to
near-surface air motions and other sources of
inhomogeneity {Nazaroff etaL, 1993).
Wallace (1996) - Indoor Particles; A Review - In
a major review of indoor particles, Wallace (1996) cited
overall particle deposition rates for respirable (PM, s),
inhalable (PM10), and coarse (difference between PMIO
and PM2S) size fractions determined from EPA's PTEAM
study. These values, listed in Table 16-11, were derived
from measurements conducted in nearly 200 residences.
Table 16-11. Deposit ion Rates
Size Fraction
PM3J
l'M10
Coarse
for Indoor Panicles
Deposition Rate
0.39 h'
0.65 H1
1.0 h1
Source: Adapted from Wallace, 1996.
Thatcher and Layton (1995) - Deposition,
Resuspension, and Penetration of Particles Within a
Residence - Thatcher and Layton (1995) evaluated
removal rates for indoor particles in four size ranges (1-5,
5-10, 10-25, and >25 ^m) in a study of one house
occupied by a family of four. These values are listed in
Table 16-12. In a subsequent evaluation of data collected
in 100 Dutch residences, Layton and Thatcher (1995)
estimated settling velocities of 2,7 m h'1 for lead-bearing
10-' T
0.001
0.01 0.1
Particle Diameter (pm)
10
Figure 16-5. Idealized Patterns of Particle Deposition Indoors
Source: Adapted from Nazaroff and Cass, 1989.
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particles captured in total suspended paniculate matter
(TSP) samples.
Table 16-12. Particle Deposition During Normal Activities
Particle Ske Range
faro)
Particle Removal Rale
(h'1)
1-S
5-10
10-25
>25
0.5
1.4
2.4
4.1
Source: Adapted from Thatcher and Lavion. 1995.
16.3,4.2. Filtration
A variety of air cleaning techniques have been
applied to residential settings. Basic principles related to
residential-scale air cleaning technologies have been
summarized in conjunction with reporting early test results
(Offerman et al., 1984), General engineering principles
are summarized in ASHRAE (1988). In addition to
fibrous filters integrated into central heating and air
conditioning systems, extended surface filters and High
Efficiency Panicle Arrest (HEPA) filters as well as
electrostatic systems are available to increase removal
efficiency. Free-standing air cleaners (portable and/or
console) are also being ased. Product-by-product test
results reponed by Hartley et al. (1994); Shaughnessy et
al. (1994); and by Offerman et al. (1984) exhibit
considerable variability across systems, ranging from
ineffectual (< 196 efficiency) to nearly complete removal.
16.3.5. Interzonal Airflows
16.3.5.1. Background
Residential structures consist of a number of rooms
that may be connected horizontally, vertically, or both
horizontally and vertically. Before considering residential
structures as a detailed network of rooms, it is convenient
to divide them into one or more zones. At a minimum,
each floor is typically defined as a separate zone. For
indoor air exposure assessments, further divisions are
sometimes made within a floor, depending on (1) locations
of specific contaminant sources and (2) the presumed
degree of air communication among areas with and
without sources.
Defining the airflow balance for a multiple-zone
exposure scenario rapidly increases the information
SINGLE-ZONE
SYSTEM
TWO-ZONE
SYSTEM
THREE-ZONE
SYSTEM
N-Zone System Defined by N-(N+1) Airflows
Figure 16-6, Air Flows for Multiple-zone Systems
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requirements as rooms or zones are added. As shown in
Figure 16-6, a single zone system (considering the entire
building as a single well-mixed volume) requires only two
flows to define air exchange. Further, because air
exchange is balanced flow (air does not "pile up" in the
building, nor is a vacuum formed), only one number (the
air exchange rate) is needed. With two zones, six
airflows are needed to accommodate interzonal airflows
plus air exchange; with three zones, twelve airflows are
required. In some cases, the complexity can be reduced
using judicious (if not convenient) assumptions.
Interzonal airflows connecting nonadjacent rooms can be
set to zero, for example, if flow pathways do not exist.
Symmetry also can be applied to the system by assuming
that each How pair is balanced.
16.3.5,2. Relationship to House Volume and Air
Exchange
A heuristic relationship between interzonal airflows
and house volume and air exchange was developed by
Koontz and Rector (1995) using selected cases from the
PFT database. Situations investigated were: (1)
bedrooms, for which communication with the remainder
of the house may be restricted by the presence of
doorways; and (2) the kitchen, which generally has a more
open communication path with adjacent areas. The PFT
database contained approximately 1000 cases where
researchers labeled a bedroom or the kitchen as separate
zones. These cases were analyzed by first normalizing the
average interzonal airflows (Q,, m3 h'1) into and out of the
zone by the volume (V, m1) of the house (i.e., dividing
the airflows by the house volume), and then regressing the
normalized airflows agaiast the whole-house air exchange
rate, Tliis averaging also served to symmetrically balance
each set of inflow-outflow pairs. For the bedroom cases,
the relationship between the normalized interzonal airflow
(Q,, m1 h' ms) and air exchange rate (N, h'1) was:
For the kitchen cases, the relationship between the
normalized interzonal airflow and the air exchange rate
was:
0. . . .
where:
Qn
Qz
V
N
o.3ir
Normalized interzonal airflow
Average interzonal airflow
Volume of house
Whole-house air exchange rate
(Eqn. 16-3)
0,=— «0.
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16- Reference Residence
BEDROOM VERSUS REMAINDER OF HOUSE
17.2 m3 h'1
86.5 m3 h'1
182.8mah'1
Bedroom
Volume = 35 m3
Remainder of House
Volume = 373 m
LIVING ROOM VERSUS REMAINDER OF HOUSE
29.4 m3 h"1
"••piSt"
194.7 m3 h'1
170.5 m3 h"1
Living Room
Volume = 60 m3
Remainder of House
Volume = 348 m3
Figure 16-7. Characteristic Volumes and Air Flow Rales for Two-Zone Situations
any general rules relating to directional airflows. Because
existing data represent a variety of case studies, the data
are inadequate for defining general characteristics that
could represent typical or average conditions. Further, the
definition of airflow zones in residential structures can be
ambiguous because occupants open and close interior
doors on irregular schedules.
16.3.6. Water Uses
Among indoor water uses, showering, bathing and
handwashing of dishes or clothes provide the primary
opportunities for dermal exposure. Virtually all indoor
water uses will result in some volatilization of chemicals,
leading to inhalation exposure.
The exposure potential for a given situation will
depend on the source of water, the types and extents of
water uses, and the extent of volatilization of specific
chemicals. According to the results of the 1987 Annual
Housing Survey (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1992), 84.7
percent of all U.S. housing units receive water from a
public system or private company (as opposed to a well).
Across the four major regions defined by the U.S. Census
Bureau (Northeast, South, Midwest, and West), the
percentage varies from 82.5 in the Midwest region to 93.2
in the West region (the Northeast and South regions both
are very close to the national percentage).
The primary types of water use indoors can be
classified as showering/bathing, toilet use, clothes
washing, dishwashing, and faucet use (e.g., for drinking,
cooking, general cleaning, or washing hands). Substantial
information on water use has been collected in California
households by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern
California (MWD, 1991) and by the East Bay Municipal
Utility District (EBMUD, 1992). An earlier study by the
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
(U.S. DHUD, 1984) monitored water use in 200
households over a 20-month period. The household
selection process for this study was not random; it
involved volunteers from water companies and
engineering organizatioas, most of which were located in
large metropolitan areas. Nazaroff et al. (1988) also
assembled the results of several smaller surveys, typically
involving between 5 and SO households each.
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16-17
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16- Reference Residence
A common feature of the various studies cited
above is that the results were all reported in gallons per
capita per day (gcd), or in units that could be easily
convened to gcd. Most studies also provided estimates by
type of use-shower/bath, toilet, laundry, dishwashing,
and other (e.g., faucets). A summary of the various study
results is provided in Table 16-13. There is generally
about a threefold variation across studies for total in-house
water use as well as each type of use. Central values for
total use, were obtained by taking the mean and median
across the studies for each type of water use and then
summing these means/medians across uses. These central
values are shown at the bottom of the table. The means
and medians were summed across types of uses to obtain
the mean for all uses combined because only a subset of
tlw studies reported values for other uses.
The following sections provide a summary of the
water use characteristics for the primary types of water
uses indoors. To the extent found in the literature, each
water use described in terms of the frequency of use;
flowrate during the use; quantity of water used during
each occurrence of the water use; and quantity used by an
average person. Table 16-14 summarizes the studies by
locations, number of study participants, and number of
households.
Caution should be exercised when using the data
collected in these studies and shown here. The
participants in these studies are not a representative
sample of the general population. The participants
consisted of volunteers, mostly from large metropolitan
areas.
Showering and Bathing Water Use Characteristics -
The HUD study (U.S. DHUD, 1984) monitored 162
households for shower duration. The individuals were
also subdivided by people who only shower. The results
arc given in Table 16-15. The flowrates of various types
of shower heads were also evaluated in the study
(Table 16-16).
Table 16-13. In-house Water Use Rales {gcd), by Study and Type of Use
Total, Shower
S«udv All Uses or Bath
MWD1 93 26
EBMUD1 67 20
USDHUD3 40 15
Cohen4 52 6
Lignum'
Rural 46 11
Urban 43 10
Laak* 42 9
Bennett4 45 9
Milne4 70 21
Reid4 59 20
USEl'A4 40 10
Partridge* 52-86 20-40
Mean Across
Studies5 59 17
Median Across
Studies' 53 IS
' Metropolitan Water Datrta of Southern California, 1991.
* Eas Bay Municipal Utility District, 1992.
' U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1984.
4 Chcd in Ntzaroff and Nero, 1988.
1 The average value from each range reported in Partridge, as cited
Toilet
30
28
10
17
18
18
20
15
32
24
9
4-6
18
18
in Nazaroff and
I-aundrv
20
9
13
11
14
11
7
11
7
8
11
20-30
13
11
Nero (1988),
Dishwashine
5
4
2
18
3
4
4
4
7
4
5
8-10
6
4
Other
12
6
..
_
—
„.
2
6
3
3
5
--
5
5
was used to calculate the median across
studies. Tie mean and median for UK "Total, all Uses" column were obtained by summing across the means ami medians
individual tvnes of water use.
for
Page
16-18
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Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Table
16-14. Summary of Water Use
Number of I (uusehokls
HUD Studies
MWD
Brown & Caldwell
Brown & Caldwell
Brown & Caldwell Volunteers
Office of Wafer Conservation
Los Angeles Oepl, of Waler
Power Authority
Seattle Water Dept.
Denver Waler Board
Aurora Utilities Dept.
Fairfax County Water
TOTAL
37
7
40
7
21
19
32
23
15
10
211
Location
Los Angeles, CA
Sacramento, CA
Walnut Creek, CA
Washington, DC
Sacramento, CA
Los Angeles, CA
Seattle, WA
Denver, CO
Aurora, CO
Fairfax, VA
Reference
1,2
1,3
1,3
I
I
1
i
I
1
1
1 U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1984.
1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 1991 .
' East Bay Municipal Utility District, 1992.
Table 16-15.
Characteristic
Individuals who Shower only
Individuals who Bath only
Individuals who Shower and Bath
Showering and Bathing Water Use Characteristics ;
Mean Duration
10.4 minutes/shower
NA
NA
Mean Frequency
0.74 showers/day/pcrson
0.41 baths/day/person
NA
Source: Adapted from U. S. DHUD, 1984.
Table 16-16. Showering Characteristics for Various
Types of Shower Heads
Shower Head Type
Non-Conserving ( > 3 gpm)
Low How (a 3 gpm)
Restrictor (s 3 gpm)
Zinplas
Turboiector
Source: Adapted from U.S.
MeanHow Rate (gpm)
3.4
1.9
2.1
1.8
1.3
DHUD, 1984.
Toilet Water Use Chamcteristics - The HUD study
(U.S. DHUD, 1984) reported water volume per flush for
various types of toilets and monitored 162 households for
shower duration. The results of this study are shown in
Table 16-17. Since the HUD study was conducted prior
to 1984, the newer (post 1984) conserving toilets that are
designed to use approximately 1.6 galloas per flush were
not tested.
Table 16-17. Toilet Water Use Characteristics
Toilet Type
Non-Conserving
Bottles
Bags
Dams
Low-flush
Source: Adapted from U.S.
Average Water Use
(gallons/flush)
DHUD, 1984
5.5
5.0
4.8
4.5
3.5
The frequency of use for toilets in households was
examined in several studies (U.S. DHUD, 1984; Liginan,
et al., 1974; Siegrist, 1976). The observed mean
frequencies in these studies are given in Table 16-18.
Tables 16-19 through 16-23 present indoor water use
frequencies for dishwashers and clothes washers.
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August 1996
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16-19
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Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Table 16-18. Toilet Frequency Use Characteristics
Study
Flush Frequency
(flushes/person/day)
U.S. DHUD, 1984-
Ligrrnm, ctal.. 1984 Rural, M-F
Lignun, el il., 1984 Run), Sat-Sun
Ligman, ct al., I9S4 Urban, M-F
I.iftiuit, ct at,, 1984 Urban, Sat-Sun
Skgrist. 1976
Unweighted Mean
4.2 flushes/nousehold/day
3.6 flushes/person/day
3.8 flushes/person/day
3.6 flushcs/pcrson/day
3,1 fluslics/pcrson/day
2.29 flushes/person/day
3.43 flushes/person/dav
The HUD value may in fact be flushes/household/day
Table 16-22. Clotles Washer Water Use Ctiaracleristies
Average Water Use Cycle Duration
Brand (gallons/regular cycle) (minutes)
Maytag
Frigidaire
General Electric
Hotpoim
Sears
Whirlpool
White/Westinghouse
Kelvinalor
Norge
41
48
51
51
49
53
54
46
55
32
40
48
48
40
44
47
52
49
Source: Adnaled from Consumer Reports. 1982.
Table 16-19. Dishwasher Frequency Use Characteristics
Study
U.S. DHUD, 1984
Lignian, & al,, 1974 Rural
Sicj-riM. I97<»
1'iiwcielied Mean
Use Frequency
0.47 loads/pcrson/day
1.3 tads/day
0.39 Inads/pcrson/day
0.92 Unds/dav
Table 16-23. Range of Water Uses for Cloihes Washers
Type or Clothes Washer
Banee of Water Use..
law Water
All dollies Washers
27-59 gaitois/taul
16-19 gilloiB/load
16:59 lallons/loaq
Source; AdaiHed fitHit Consumer Reports. 1982.
T«bfc 16-20, DishwuherWuerllseChiracleruiks
Average Water Use
Brand (gtuom/ttgular cycle)
M*yt»j
I;rigid«lrc
(icneral tkctric
Scan
WUtipool
WltoWettinghajse
W«jlc King
Miches AM
Mi^c Chef
l!&»-ctd«d Me«n
11.5
12
10.5
10
9.5
12
U.S
9.5
11.5
10.9
Cycle Duration
(mimltrs)
140"F 120"F
75
75
80
75
60
75
65
SO
70
72.8
.,
75
95
95
110
75
85
80
?7,9
Source: A
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
aerosols. One intensive study of a California residence
(Thatcher and Layton, 1995), however, provides
instructive results. Using a model-based analysis for data
collected under controlled circumstances, the investigators
verified penetration of the outdoor aerosol and estimated
rates for particle deposition and resuspension (Table 16-
24). The investigators stressed that normal household
activities are a significant source of airborne particles
larger than 5 ^m. During the study, they observed that
just walking into and out of a room could momentarily
double the concentration. The airborne abundance of
submicrometer particles, on the other hand, was
unaffected by either cleaning or walking.
Table 16-24. Particle Deposition and Resuspension
During Normal Activities
Particle Si/c Range
6/nO
0.3-0.5
0.6-1
1-5
5-10
10-25
>25
Particle Deposition
Rate
(Iv1)
(not measured)
(not measured)
0.5
1.4
2.4
4.1
Source: Adamed from Thatcher and Lavton.
Particle
Resuspcnsion
(h1)
9.9 x 10'
4.4 x 10'
1.8 x 10 '
8.3 x 105
3.8 x 10-
3.4 x 10'
1995.
Rate
Mass loading of floor surfaces (Table 16-25) was
measured in the study of Thatcher and Layton (1995) by
thoroughly cleaning the house and sampling accumulated
dust, after one week of normal habitation. Methodology,
validated under ASTM F608 (ASTM, 1989), showed fine
dust recovery efficiencies of 50 percent with new carpet
and 72 percent for linoleum. Tracked areas showed
consistently higher accumulations than untracked areas,
confirming the importance of tracked-in material.
Differences between tracked areas upstairs and downstairs
show that tracked-in material is not readily transported
upstairs. The consistency of untracked carpeted areas
throughout the house, suggests that, in the absence of
tracking, particle transport processes are similar on both
floors.
Table 16-25. Dust Mass Loading After One Week Witlniut
Vacuum Cleaning
Local ion in Test House
Tracked area of downstairs carpet
Untrackcd area of downstairs carpet
Tracked area of linoleum
Unlracked area of linoleum
Tracked area of upstairs carpet
Unlracked area of upstairs carpet
Front doormat
Source: Adapted from Thatcher and Layton.
1 )ust 1 .oadinc (cm *)
2.20
0.58
0.08
0.06
1.08
0.60
43.34
1995.
Roberts et al. (1991) - Development and Field
Testing of a High Volume Sampler for Pesticides and
Toxics in Dust - Dust loadings, reported by Roberts et al.
(1991) were also measured in conjunction with the Non-
Occupational Pesticide Exposure Study (NOPES). In this
study house dust was sampled from a representative grid
asing a specially constructed high-volume surface sampler
(HVS2). The surface sampler collection efficiency was
verified in conformance with ASTM F608 (ASTM, 1989).
The data summarized in Table 16-26 were collected from
carpeted areas in opportunistic (volunteer) households in
Florida encountered during the course of NOPES. Seven
of the nine sites were single-family detached homes, and
two were mobile homes. The authors noted that the two
houses exhibiting the highest dust loadings were only those
homes where a vacuum cleaner was not used for
housekeeping.
Table 16-26. Totalized Dust Loading for Carpeted Areas
Household Total Dust Load
(gm'2)
1 10.8
2 4.2
3 0.3
4 2.2; 0.8
5 1.4; 4.3
6 O.X
7 6.6
8 33.7
9 812.7
Source: Adapted from Roberts etal.,
Fine Dust (< 150 urn)
Load (gm2)
6.6
3.0
0.1 •
1.2; 0.3
1.0; 1.1
0.3
4.7
23.3
168.9
1991.
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
16.4. SOURCES
Product- and chemical-specific mechanisms for
indoor sources can be described using simple emission
factors to represent instantaneous releases, as well as
constant releases over defined time periods; more complex
formulations may be required for time-varying sources.
Guidance documents for characterizing indoor sources
within the context of the exposure assessment process are
limited (see, for example, Jennings et al., 1987; Wolkoff,
1995), Fairly extensive guidance exists in the technical
literature, however, provided that the exposure assessor
has the means to define (or estimate) key mechanisms and
chemical-specific parameters. Basic concepts are
summarized below for the broad source categories that
relate to airborne contaminants, waterbome contaminants,
and for soil/house dust indoor sources.
16.4.1. Source Descriptions for Airborne
Contaminants
Table 16-27 summarizes simplified indoor source
descriptions for airborne chemicals for direct discharge
sources (e.g., combustion, pressurized propellant
products), as well as emanation sources (e.g., evaporation
from "wet" films, diffusion from porous media), and
transport-related sources (e.g., infiltration of outdoor air
contaminants, soil gas entry).
Direct discharge sources can be approximated using
simple formulas that relate pollutant mass released to
eliaracteristic process rates. Combustion sources, for
example, may be stated in terms of an emission factor,
fuel content (or heating value), and fuel consumption (or
carrier delivery) rate. Emission factors for combustion
products of general concern (e.g., CO, NOJ have been
measured for a number of combustion appliances using
room-sized chambers (see, for example, Relwani et al.,
1986). Other direct discharge sources would include
volatiles released from water use and from pressurized
consumer products. Resuspension of house dust (see
Section 16.3.7), would take on a similar form by
combining an activity-specific rate constant with an
applicable dust muss.
Emanation sources represent probably the greatest
challenge in source characterization for indoor air quality.
Vapor-plwse organics dominate this group, offering great
complexity because (1) there is a fairly long list of
chemicals that could be of concern, (2) ubiquitous
consumer products, building materials, coatings, and
furnishings contain varying amounts of different
chemicals, (3) source dynamics may include nonlinear
mechanisms, and (4) for many of the chemicals, emitting
Table 16-27. Simplified Source Descriptions for Airborne Contaminants
Description
Direct Discharge
Combustion
Volume
Discharge
Mass
Discharge
Emanation
Mass
Transfer
Exponential
Transport
Infiltration
Interzonal
Soil Gas
Components
E,H,M,
E, = emission factor
11; = fuel content
Mr — fuel consumption rale
QfCp_€
Q, = volume delivery rate
Cp ~ concentration in carrier
c = transfer efficiency
M, W, €
M, = mass delivery rate
w, = weight fraction
e = transfer efficiency
(D,6-'XC.-Q)A,
D, = diffiisivity
= boundary layer thickness
C, = vapor pressure of surface
C, = room concentration
Aj — area
A, E. c"'
A, = area
E, = initial unit emission rate
fc» = emission decay factor
1 = time
Q £•<
Q^ = air flow from zone j
Ci ~ air concentration itt zone j
Dimensions
gh'1
si'
Jrnol1
molh1
gh"
ro h
gmj
gg'
gh'
gh"
gg"
gg"
gh"
m'h'
m
gm'*
gm'
m'
gh"
mj
gh'm1
h'1
h
g h '
m'h '
gn1
as well as non-emitting materials evident in realistic
settings may promote reversible and irreversible sink
effects. Very detailed descriptioas for emanation sources
can be constructed to latch specific properties of the
chemical, the source material, and the receiving
environment to calculate expected behavior (see, for
example, Schwope et al., 1992; Cussler, 1984).
Validation to actual circumstances, however, suffers
practical shortfalls because many parameters simply
cannot be measured directly.
The exponential formulation listed in Table 16-27
was derived based on a series of papers generated during
the development of chamber testing methodology by EPA
(Dunn, 1987; Dunn and Tichenor, 1988; Dunn and Chen,
1993). This framework represents an empirical alternative
that works best when die results of chamber tests are
available. Estimates for the initial emission rate (£„) and
decay factor (k) can be developed for hypothetical sources
from information on pollutant mass available for release
(M) and supporting assumptions.
Assuming that a critical time period (tc) coincides
with reduction of the emission rate to a critical level (EJ
or with the release of a critical fraction of the total mass
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16-22
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Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
[HQ
(Mc), the decay factor can be estimated by solving either
of these relationships:
M
(Eqn. 16-5)
The critical time period can be derived from
product-specific considerations (e.g., equating drying time
for a paint to 90 percent emissions reduction). Given such
an estimate for k,, the initial emission rate can be
estimated by integrating the emission formula to infinite
time under the assumption that all chemical mass is
released:
The basis for the exponential source algorithm has
also been extended to the description of more complex
diffusion-limited sources. With these sources, diffusive
or evaporative transport at the interface may be much
more rapid than diffusive transport from within the source
material, so that the abundance at the source/air interface
becomes depleted, limiting the transfer rate to the air.
Such effects can prevail with skin formation in "wet"
sources like stains and paints (see, for example, Chang
and Guo, 1992). Similar emission profiles have been
observed with the emanation of formaldehyde from
particleboard with "rapid" decline as formaldehyde
evaporates from surface sites of the particleboard over the
first few weeks. It is then followed by a much slower
decline over ensuing years as formaldehyde diffuses from
within the matrix to reach the surface (see, for example,
Zinnetal., 1990).
Transport-based sources bring contaminated air
from other areas into the airspace of concern. Examples
include infiltration of outdoor contaminants, and soil gas
(Eqn. 16-6)
entry. Soil gas entry is a particularly complex
phenomenon, and is frequently treated as a separate
modeling issue (Little et a!., 1992; Sextro, 1994). Room-
to-room migration of indoor contaminants would also fall
under this category, but this concept is best considered
using the multiple-zone model.
16.4.2. Source Descriptions for Waterborne
Contaminants
Residential water supplies may convey chemicals to
which occupants can be exposed through ingestion, dermal
contact, or inhaiatioa These chemicals may appear in the
form of contaminants (e.g., triehloroethylene) as well as
naturally-occurring byproducts of water system history
(e.g., chloroform, radon). Among indoor water uses,
showering, bathing and handwashing of dishes or clothes
provide the primary opportunities for dermal exposure.
The escape of volatile chemicals to the gas phase
associates water use with inhalation exposure. The
exposure potential for a given situation will depend on the
source of water, the types and extents of water uses, and
the extent of volatilization of specific chemicals. Primary
types of residential water use (summarized in Section
16.3) include showering/bathing, toilet use, clothes
washing, dishwashing, and faucet use (e.g., for drinking,
cooking, general cleaning, or washing hands).
Upper bounding estimates of chemical release rates
from water use can be formulated as simple emission
factors combining the concentration in the feed water (g
m'3) with the flow rate for the water use (m3 h"1), and
assuming that the chemical escapes to the gas phase. For
some chemicals, however, not all of the chemical escapes
in realistic situations due to diffusion-limited transport and
solubility factors. For inhalation exposure estimates, this
may not pose a problem because the bounding estimate
would overestimate emissions by no more than
approximately a factor of two. For multiple exposure
pathways, the chemical mass remaining in the water may
be of importance. Refined estimates of volatile emissions
are usually considered under two-resistance theory to
accommodate mass transport aspects of the water-air
system (see, for example, Little, 1992; Andelman, 1990;
McKone, 1987). Release rates are formulated as:
(Eqn. 16-7)
where:
S
K.
F.
C.
C,
H
chemical release rate (g h"1)
dimensionless mass-transfer coefficient
water flow rate (mj h"1)
concentration in feed water (g rn'*)
concentration in air (g m"*)
dimensionless Henry's Law constant
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Chapter 16- Reference Residence
Because the emission rate is dependent on the air
concentration, recursive techniques are required. The
mass transfer coefficient is a function of water use
characteristics (e.g., water droplet size spectrum, fall
distance, water Him) and chemical properties (diffusion in
gas and liquid phases). Estimates of practical value are
based on empirical tests to incorporate system
characteristics into a single parameter (see, for example,
Giardino et al., 1990). Once characteristics of one
chemical-water use system are known (reference
chemical, subsrcipt (r)), the mass transfer coefficient for
another chemical (index chemical, subscripted i) delivered
by the same system can be estimated using formulations
identified in the review by Little (1992):
(Eqn. 16-8}
where:
DI.
D0
K,
K,t
liquid diffusivily (m2 s'1)
gas diffusivily (m1 s ')
liquid-pliase mass transfer cocfficiem
gas-pliasc mass transfer coefficient
16.4.3, Soil and House Dust Sources
The rate process descriptions compiled for soil and
house dust in Section 16.3 provide inputs for estimating
indoor emission rates (Sd, g h"1) in terms of dust mass
loading (M,,, g nr2) combined with resuspension rates (R,,,
h"1) and floor area (Af, m2):
= Md Rd
(Eqn. 16-9)
Because house dust is a complex mixture, transfer
of panicle-bound constituents to the gas phase may be of
concern for some exposure assessments. For emission
estimates, one would then need to consider panicle mass
residing in each reservoir (dust deposit, airborne).
16.5. ADVANCED CONCEPTS
16.5.1. Uniform Mixing Assumption
Many exposure measurements are predicated on the
assumption of uniform mixing within a room or zone of a
house. Mage and Ott (1994) offers an extensive review of
die history of use and misuse of the concept. Experimental
work by Baughman et al. (1994) and Drescher et al.
(1995) indicates that, for an instantaneous release from a
point source in a room, fairly complete mixing is achieved
within 10 minutes when convective flow is induced by
solar radiation. However, up to 100 minutes may be
required for complete mixing under quiescent (nearly
isothermal) conditions. While these experiments were
conducted at extremely low air exchange rates
(< 0.1 ACH), based on the results, attention is focused
on mixing within a room.
The situation changes if a human invokes a point
source for a longer period and remains in the immediate
vicinity of that source. Personal exposure in the rear
vicinity of a source can be much higher than the well-
mixed assumption would suggest. A series of experiments
conducted by GEOMET (1989) for the U.S. EPA
involved controlled point-source releases of carbon
monoxide tracer (CO), each for 30 minutes. "Breathing-
zone" measurements located within 0.4 m of the release
point were ten times higher than for other locations in the
room during early stages of mixing and transport.
Similar investigations conducted by Furtaw et al.
(1994) involved a series of experiments in a controlled-
environment room-sized chamber. Furtaw etal. (1994)
studied spatial concentration gradients around a continuous
point source simulated by sulfur hexafluoride (SFS) tracer
with a human moving about the room. Average breathing-
zone concentrations when the subject was near the source
exceeded those several meters away by a factor that varied
inversely with the ventilation intensity in the room. At
typical room ventilation rates, the ratio of source-
proxiinate to slightly-removed concentration was on the
order of 2:1.
16.5.2. Reversible Sinks
For some chemicals, the actions of reversible sinks
are of concern. For an initially "clean" condition in the
sink material, sorption effects can greatly deplete indoor
concentrations. However, once enough of the chemical
has been adsorbed, the diffusion gradient will reverse,
allowing the chemical to escape. For persistent indoor
sources, such effects can serve to reduce indoor levels
initially but once the system equilibrates, the net effect on
the average concentration of the reversible sink is
negligible. Over suitably short time frames, this can also
affect integrated exposure. For indoor sources whose
emission profile declines with time (or ends abruptly),
reversible sinks can serve to extend the emissions period
as the chemical desorbs long after direct emissions are
finished. Reversible sink effects have been observed for
a number of chemicals in the presence of carpeting, wall
Page
16-24
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August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
coverings, and other materials commonly found in
residential environments.
Interactive sinks (and models of the processes) are
of a special importance: while sink effects can greatly
reduce indoor air concentrations, re-emission at lower
rates over longer time periods could greatly extend the
exposure period of concern. For completely reversible
sinks, the extended time could bring the cumulative
exposure to levels approaching the sink-free case. Recent
publications (Axley, 1993; Tichenor et al., 1991) show
that first principles provide useful guidance in postulating
models and setting assumptions for reversible/irreversible
sink models. Sorption/desorption can be described in
terms of Langmuir (monolayer) as well as Brunauer-
Emmet-Teller (BET, multilayer) adsorption.
16.6 RECOMMENDATIONS
Table 16-28 presents a summary of volume of
residence surveys and Table 16-29 presents a summary of
air exchange rates surveys. Tables 16-30 and 16-31
provide the confidence in recommendations for house
volume and air exchange rates, respectively. Key studies
or analyses described in this chapter were used in selecting
recommended values for residential volume and air
exchange rate. Both central and conservative values are
provided. These two parameters - volume and air
exchange rate - can be used by exposure assessors in
modeling indoor-air concentrations as one of the inputs to
exposure estimation. Other inputs to the modeling effort
include rates of indoor pollutant generation and losses to
(and, in some cases, re-emissions from) indoor sinks.
Other things being equal (i.e., holding coastant the
pollutant generation rate and effect of indoor sinks), lower
values for either the indoor volume or the air exchange
rate will result in higher indoor-air concentrations. Thus,
values near the lower end of the distribution (e.g., 10th
percentile) for either parameter are appropriate in
developing conservative estimates of exposure.
For the volume of a residence, both key studies
(U.S. DOE survey and PFT database) have the same
mean value - 369 mj (see Table 16-1). This mean value
is recommended as a central estimate residential volume.
Intuitively, the 10th percentile of the distribution from
either study - 147 m3 for U.S. DOE survey or 167 mj for
the PFT database - is too conservative a value, as both
these values are lower than the mean volume for
multifarnily dwelling units (see Table 16-2). Instead, the
25th percentile - 209 m3 for U.S. DOE survey or 225 m3
for PFT database, averaging 217 ms across the two key
studies - is recommended.
For the residential air excliange rate, the median
value of 0.45 air changes per hour (ACH) from the PFT
database (see Table 16-9) is recommended as a typical
value (Koontz and Rector, 1995). This median value is
very close to the geometric mean of the measurements in
the PFT database analyzed by Koontz and Rector (1995).
The arithmetic mean is not preferred because it is
influenced fairly heavily by extreme values at the upper
tail of the distribution. For a conservative value, the 10th
percentile for the PFT database - 0.18 ACH - is
recommended (Table 16-9).
16.7. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 16
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Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Exposure, ASTM STP 1205, American Society for
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Grot, R.A. (1991) User Manual NBS/AVIS
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Grimsrud, D.T.; Sherman, M.H.; Soridereggen, R.C.
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(1994) Fractional aerosol filtration efficiency of in-
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188.
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Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Hirvonen, A.; Pasanen, P.; Tarhanen, J.; Ruuskanen,
J. (1995) Thermal Desorption of Organic
Compounds Associated with Settled Household Dust.
Indoor Air, 5:255-264.
Jennings, P.O.; Carpenter, C.E.; Krishnan, M.S.
(1985) Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances Volume 12: Methods for Estimating the
Concentration of Chemical Substances in Indoor Air,
EPA 560/5-85-016, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances,
Washington, DC.
Jennings, P.D.; Hammerstrom, K.A.; Adkins, L.C.;
Chambers, T.; Dixon, D.A. (1987) Methods for
Assessing Exposure to Chemical Substances Volume
7: Methods for Assessing Consumer Exposure to
Chemical Substances. EPA 560/5-85-007, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Washington, DC.
Koontz, M.D.; Rector, H.E. (1995) Estimation of
distributions for residential air Exchange rates, EPA
Contract No. 68-D9-0166, Work Assignment No. 3-
19, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, Washington,
DC.
Koontz, M.D.; Nagda, N.L. (1989) Experimental
Design and Protocols for Research at GEOMET's
Test Houses: A Case Study. Design and Protocol for
Monitoring Indoor Air Quality, ASTM STP 1002,
N.L. Nagda and J.P. Harper, Eds., American
Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA,
pp. 148-165.
Koontz, M.D.; Nagda, N.L. (1991) A Mdtichamber
Model for Assessing Consumer Inhalation Exposure.
Indoor Air, 1(4):593-605.
Koontz, M.D.; Rector, H.E.; Fortmann, R.C.; Nagda,
N.L. (1988) Preliminary Experiments in a Research
House to Investigate Contaminant Migration in
Indoor Air. EPA 560/5-88-004. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic
Substances, Washington, DC.
Layton, D.W.; Thatcher, T.L. (1995) Movement of
Outdoor Particles to the Indoor Environment: An
Analysis of the Arnhem Lead Study. Paper no. 95-
MP4.02. Annual Meeting of the Air & Waste
Management Association, San Antonio, TX.
Liddament, M.; Allen, C. (1983) Validation and
comparison of mathematical models of air
infiltration. Technical Note AIC 11. Air Infiltration
Centre, Great Britain.
Ligman, K.; Hutzler, N.; Boyle, W.C. (1974)
Household wastewater characterization. Journal of
Environmental Engineering, 100:201-213,
Laak, R., (1974) Relative pollution strengths of
undiluted waste materials discharged in households
and the dilution waters used for each, Manual of
Grey Water Treatment Practice.
Little, J.C. (1992) Applying the Two-Resistance Theory
to Contaminant Volatilization in Showers.
Environmental Science & Technology, 26(7): 1341-
1349.
Little, J.C.; Daisey, J.M.; Nazaroff, W.W. (1992)
Transport of Subsurface Contaminants Into Buildings
— An exposure Pathway for Volatile Organics.
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2066.
Lucas, R.M.; Grillo, R.B.; Perez-Michael, A.; Kemp,
S. (1992) National residential Radon Survey
Statistical Analysis - Volume 2: Summary of the
Questionnaire Data. RTI/5158/49-2F. Research
Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mage, D.T.; Ott, W.R. (1994) The Correction for
Nonuniform Mixing in Indoor Environments. ASTM
Symposium on Methods for Characterizing Indoor
Sources and Sinks, Washington, DC.
McKone, T.E. (1987) Human Exposure to Volatile
Organic Compounds in Household Tap Water: The
Inhalation Pathway. Environmental Science &
Technology, 21 (12): 1194-1201.
McKone, T.E. (1989) Household Exposure Models.
Toxicology Letters, 49:321-339.
MWD. (1991) Urban water use characteristics in the
metropolitan water district of southern California.
Draft Report, Metropolitan Water District of
Southern California, August 1991.
Murray, D.M. (1996) Residential House and Zone
Volumes in the United States: Empirical and
Estimated Parametric Distributions. Submitted to
Risk Analysis in 19%.
Murray, D.M.; Burmaster, D.E. (1995) Residential
Air Exchange Rates in the United States: Empirical
and Estimated Parametric Distribution by Season and
Climatic Region. Submitted to Risk Analysis in
1995.
Nazaroff, W.W.; Cass, G.R. (1986) Mathematical
Modeling of Chemically Reactive Pollutants in
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20:924-934.
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-. Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Nazaroff, W.W.; Cass, G.R. (1989) Mass-Transport
Aspects Of Pollutant Removal At Indoor Surfaces,
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. August 1996
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Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Tichenor, B.A.; Guo, Z.; Dunn, I.E.; Sparks, L.E.;
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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!
c 5
to a
r* »•
r
Table 16-28. Volume of Residence Surveys
Study
Key Studies
Residential Energy
Consumption Survey
(RECS)
Versar, 1990
(PFT database)
Murray, 1996
Number of
Residences
Over 7,000
Over 2,000
7,041 (RECS)
1,751 (PFT
Survey Tvoe
Direct measurement of surface
area; estimation of volume
Direct measurement and
estimated
Direct measurements and
estimated
Areas Surveyed
Nationwide (random sample)
Nationwide (not random sample);
a large fraction located in CA
Nationwide (not random sample);
PFT - large fraction located in
CA
Comments
Volumes were estimated assuming 8 ft.
ceiling height. Provides relationships
between average residential volumes and
facilities such as housing type,
ownership, household size, and structure
age.
Sample was not geographically balanced;
statistical weighting were applied to
develop nationwide distributions
Duplicate measurement were eliminated;
tested the effects of using 8 ft.
assumption on ceiling height to calculate
volume; data from both databases were
analyzed.
s a
s:
§
-------
ft
I
a
a.
Table 16-29. Air Exchange Rates Surveys
Study
Key Studies
Versar, 1990
(PFT database)
Koontz & Rector, 1995
(PFT database)
Murray and Burrnaster, 1995
Relevant Studies
Nazarof fetal., 1988
Number of
Residences/Measurements Survey Tvoe
Over 2,000 Measurements using PFT
technique
2,971 measurements Measurements using PFT
technique
2,944 measurement Measurements using PFT
technique
255 (Grot and Clark. 1987) Direct measurement
312 (Grimrud, 1983) Direct measurement
Areas Surveyed
Nationwide (not random
sample); large fraction located in
CA
Nationwide (not random
sample); a large fraction located
inCA
Nationwide (not random
sample); a large fraction located
inCA
255, low-income families in 14
cities
321, newer residences, median
aee < 10 years
Comments
Multiple measurements on the
same home were included.
Multiple measurements on the
same home were included.
Compensated for geographic
imbalances. Data are presented
by region of the country and
season.
Multiple measurements on the
same home were included. Did
not compensate for
geographical imbalances. Data
are presented by climate region
and season.
Sample size was small and not
representative of tlie U.S.
Sample size was small and not
representative of the U.S.
s
I
I
a
4
i
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Table 16-30. Confidence in House Volume Recommendation
r»nsiiternioii.'i
Rationale
Ratine
Study Elements
* Level of peer review
* Accessibility
• Rcproducibility
» Focus on fictor of
interest
« nau pertinent to U.S.
« Currency
* Adequacy of dau
collection period
• Validity of approach
Study size
* Representativeness of the
population
* Characterization of
variability
* Lack of bias in study design
(Inch rating is desirable)
» McjsurtmcK emir
Other Elements
* Number of studies
* Agreement between researchers
Overall Rating
All key studies arc from peer review literature.
Papers are widely available from peer review journals.
Methodology was clearly presented.
The focus of the studies was on estimating house
volume as well as other factors.
Residences in tlte U.S. was the focus of the key studies.
All tlic studies were based on primary data.
Measurements in the PFT database were taken between
1982-1987. The RECS survey was conducted in 1993.
Not applicable
For the RECS survey, volumes were estimated
assuming 8 ft. ceiling height. The effect of this
assumption lias been tested by Murray (1996) assuming
and determined, based on a sensitivity analysis, thai it
does not have a significant effect in the results.
The sample sizes used in the key studies were fairly
large, although only 1 study (RECS) was representative
of the whole U.S. Not all samples were selected at
random; however, RECS samples were selected at
random,
RECS sample is representative of the U.S.
Distributions are presented by housing type and regions;
although some of the sample sizes for the subcategories
were small.
Selection of residences was random for RECS.
Sonic measurement error may exist since surface areas
were estimated using the assumption of 8 ft. ceiling
height.
There arc 3 key studies; however there are only 2 data
sets.
There is good agreement among researchers.
Results were consistent; 1 study (RECS) was
representative of residences in the whole U.S.; volumes
were estimated rather tton measured in some cases.
High
High
High
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Low
High
Medium
Page
16-32
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Volume III - Activity Factors
Chapter 16 - Reference Residence
Table 16-31. Confidence in Air Hxcliange Rales Rccommciufcilion
Considerations
Rationale
Kaling
Study Elements
• Level of peer review
• Accessibility
• Reproducibility
• Focus on factor of
interest
• Data pertinent to U.S.
• Primary data
• Currency
• Adequacy of data
collection period
• Validity of approach
• Study size
• Representativeness of the
population
• Characterization of
variability
• Lack of bias in study design
(high rating is desirable)
• Measurement error
Other Elements
• Number of studies
• Agreement between researchers
Overall Rating
The key studies appear in peer reviewed literature.
Although there are 3 key studies, they are all based on
the same database (PFT database).
Papers are widely available from government reports
and peer review journals.
Methodology was clearly presented.
The focus of the studies was on estimating air exchange
rates as well as other factors.
Residences in the U.S. was the focus of the PFT
database.
All the studies were based on primary data.
Measurements in tlic PFT database were taken between
1982-1987.
Only short term data were collected; some residences
were measured during different seasons; Uiwcvcr, long
term air cxcliangc rates arc not well cliaracteri/.cd.
Tlie methodology used is the most practical for
measuring air exchange rates.
The sample sizes used in the key studies were fairly
large, although not representative of the whole U.S.
Not all samples were selected at random.
Sample is not representative of the U.S..
Distributions are presented by U.S. regions, seasons,
and climatic regions; although some of the sample sizes
for the subcategories were small.
Bias may result since the selection of residences were
not random.
Some measurement error may exist.
There arc 3 key studies; however there are only 1 data
set. I lowcvcr, tlic database contains results of 20
projects of varying scope.
Not applicable
Sample was not representative of residences in the
whole U.S.. but covered the range of occurrence.
High
High
High
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
. Low
Medium
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
16-33
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Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
17. INTAKE OF GRAIN PRODUCTS
Coasumption of grain products is a potential
pathway of exposure to toxic chemicals. These food
sources can become contaminated by absorption or
deposition of ambient air pollutants onto the plants,
contact with chemicals dissolved in rainfall or irrigation
waters, or absorption of chemicals through plant roots
from soil and ground water. The addition of pesticides,
soil additives, and fertilizers may also result in
contamination of grain products.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA)
Nationwide Food Coasumption Survey (NFCS) and
Continuing Survey of Rxxl Intakes by Individuals (CSFI1)
are the primary sources of information of intake rates of
grain products in the United States. Data from the NFCS
have been used in various studies to generate consumer-
only and per capita intake rates for both individual grain
products and total graias. CSFII 1989-1991 survey data
have been analyzed by EPA to generate per capita intake
rates for various food items and food groups. As
described in Volume II, Chapter 9, consumer-only intake
is defined as the quantity of grain products consumed by
individuals who ate these food items during the survey
period. Per capita intake rates are generated by averaging
consumer-only intakes over the entire population of users
and non-users. In general, per capita intake rates are
appropriate for use in exposure assessments for which
average dose estimates for the general population are of
interest because they represent both individuals who ate
the foods during the survey period and individuals who
may eat the food items at some time, but did not consume
them during the survey period.
This Chapter provides intake data for individual
grain products and total grains. Recommendatioas are
based on average and upper-percentile intake among the
general population of the U.S. Available data have been
classified as being either a key or a relevant study based
on the considerations discussed in Volume I, Section 1,3.1
of the Introduction. Recommendations are based on data
from the CSFII survey, which was considered the only
key intake study for grain products. Although Pao et al.
(1982) was not considered a key study for intake of grain
products because it is based on data from NFCS 1977-
1978, it was included as a key study for serving size.
Other relevant studies are also presented to provide the
reader with added perspective on this topic. It should be
noted that most of the key and relevant studies presented
in this Chapter are based on data from USDA's NFCS and
CSFII, The USDA NFCS and CSFII are described
below.
17.1. INTAKE STUDIES
17.1.1. U.S. Department of Agriculture Nationwide
Food Consumption Survey and Continuing
Survey of Food Intake by Individuals
The NFCS and CSFII are the basis of much of the
data on grain intake presented in this section. Data from
the 1977-78 NFCS are presented because the data have
been published by USDA in various reports and
reanalyzed by various EPA offices according to the food
items/groups commonly used to assess exposure.
Published one-day data from the 1987-88 NFCS are also
presented. Recently, EPA conducted an analysis of
USDA's 1989/91 CSFII. These data are the most recent
food survey data that are available to the public. The
results of EPA's analyses are presented here. Detailed
descriptions of the NFCS and CSFII data are presented in
Volume II, Chapter 9 - Intake of Fruits and Vegetables.
Individual average daily intake rates calculated
from NFCS data are based on averages of reported
individual intakes over one day or three consecutive days.
Such short term data are suitable for estimating average
daily intake rates representative of both shorPtenn and
long-term consumption. However, the distribution of
average daily intake rates generated using short 'term data
(e.g., 3-day) do not necessarily reflect the long-terra
distribution of average daily intake rates. The
distributions generated from short term and long term data
will differ to the extent that each individual's intake varies
from day to day; the distributions will be similar to the
extent that individuals' intakes are constant from day to
day.
Day-to-day variation in intake among individuals will
be great for food item/groups that are highly seasonal and
for items/groups that are eaten year around, but that are
not typically eaten every day. For these foods, the intake
distribution generated from short term data will not be a
good reflection of the long term distribution. On the other
hand, for broad categories of foods (e.g., total grains)
which are eaten on a daily basis throughout the year with
minimal seasonally, the short term distribution may be a
reasonable approximation of the true long term
distribution, although it will show somewliat more
variability. In this Chapter, distributions are shown for
the various grain categories. Because of the increased
variability of the short-term distribution, the short-term
upper pereentiles shown will overestimate somewhat the
corresponding pereentiles of the long-term distribution.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
17-1
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A
Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
17.1.2. Key Grain Products Intake Studies Based on
the CSFH
U.S. EPA Analysis of 1989/91 USDA CSFll Data -
EPA conducted an analysis of USDA's 1989-91 CSFII
data set. The general methodology used in analyzing the
data is presented in Volume II, Chapter 9 (Fruits and
Vegetables) of this liandbook. Intake rates were generated
for tlx: following grain products: total grains, breads,
sweets, siuicks, breakfast foods, pasta, cooked cereals,
rice, ready-to-eat cereals, and baby cereals. Appendix
17A provides the food codes and descriptions used in this
grain analysis. The data for total grains have been
corrected to account for mixtures as described in Volume
II, Chapter 9 and Appendix 9A using an assumed grain
content of 31 percent for grain mixtures and 13 percent
for meat mixtures. Per capita intake rates for total grains
are presented in Tables 17-1. Table 17-2 through 17-10
present per capita intake data for individual grain
products. The results are presented in units of g/kg-day.
Thus, use of these data in calculating potential dose does
not require the body weight factor to be included in the
denominator of the average daily dose (ADD) equation.
It should be ix>tcd tliat converting these intake rates into
units of g/day by multiplying by a single average body
weight is inappropriate, because individual intake rates
were indexed to the actual body weights of the survey
respondents. However, if there is a need to compare the
total intake data presented liere to other intake data in units
of g/day, a body weight less than 70 kg (i.e.,
approximately 60 kg; calculated based on the number of
respondents in each age category and the average body
weights for these age groups, as presented in Volume I,
Chapter 7) should be used because the total survey
population included children as well as adults.
The advantages of using the CSFII data set are that
the data are expected to be representative of the U.S.
population and that it includes data on a wide variety of
food types. The data set is the most recent of a series of
publicly available data sets (i.e., NFCS 1977/78; NFCS
1987/88; CSFII1989-91) from USDA, and should reflect
current earing patterns in the United States. The data set
includes three years of intake data combined. However,
tlw CSFll data are based on a three day survey period.
Short-term dietary data may not accurately reflect long-
term eating patterns. This is particularly true for the tails
of tlte distribution of food intake. In addition, the
adjustment for including mixtures adds uncertainty to the
intake rate distributions. The calculation for including
mixtures assumes that intake of any mixture includes
grains in the proportions specified in Appendix Table 9A-
1. This assumption yields valid estimates of per capita
consumption, but results in overestimates of the proportion
of the population consuming total graias; thus, the
quantities reported in Table 17-1 should be interpreted as
upper bounds on the proportion of the population
consuming grain products, not as valid point estimates.
17.1.3. Key Grain Products Serving Size Study Based
on the USDA NFCS
Pao et al. (1982) - Foods Commonly Eaten by
Individuals - Using data gathered in the 1977-78 USDA
NFCS, Pao et al. (1982) calculated percentiles for the
quantities of grain products consumed per eating occasion
by members of the U.S. population. The data were
collected during NFCS home interviews of 37,874
respondents, who were asked to recall food intake for the
day preceding the interview, and record food intake the
day of the interview and the day after the interview.
Quantities consumed per eating occasion, are presented in
Table 17-11.
The advantages of using these data are that they
were derived from the USDA NFCS and are
representative of the U.S. population. This data set
provides distributions of serving sizes for a number of
commonly eaten grain products, but the list of foods is
limited arid does not account for grain products included
in complex food dishes. Also, these data are based on
short-term dietary recall and may not accurately reflect
long-term consumption patteras. Although these data are
based on the NFCS 1977-78 survey, serving size data
have been collected, but not published, for the more recent
USDA surveys.
17.1.4. Relevant Grain Products Intake Studies
The U.S. EPA's Dietary Risk Evaluation System
(ORES) - USEPA, Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) -
EPA OPP's DRES contaias per capita intake rate data for
various grain products for 22 subgroups (age, regional,
and seasonal) of the population. As described in Volume
II, Chapter 9 - Fruits and Vegetables, intake data in
DRES were generated by determining the composition of
NFCS food items and disaggregating complex food dishes
into their component raw agricultural commodities
(RACs) (White et al., 1983). The DRES per capita, as
consumed intake rates for all age/sex/demographic groups
combined are presented in Table 17-12. These data are
based on both consumers and non-coasumers of these food
items. Data for specific subgroups of the population are
not presented in this section, but are available through
OPP via direct request. The data in Table 17-12 may be
Page
17-2
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
useful for estimating the risks of exposure associated with
the consumption of the various grain products presented.
It should be noted that these data are indexed to the actual
body weights of the survey respondents and are expressed
in units of grams of food consumed per kg body weight
per day. Consequently, use of these data in calculating
potential dose does not require the body weight factor in
the denominator of the average daily dose (ADD)
equation. It should also be noted that conversion of these
intake rates into units of g/day by multiplying by a single
average body weight is not appropriate because the DRES
data base did not rely on a single body weight for all
individuals. Instead, DRES used the body weights
reported by each individual surveyed to estimate
consumption in units of g/kg-day.
The advantages of using these data are that complex
food dishes have been disaggregated to provide intake
rates for a variety of grains. These data are also based on
the individual body weights of the respondents.
Therefore, the use of these data in calculating exposure to
toxic chemicals may provide more representative estimates
of potential dose per unit body weight. However, because
the data are based on NFCS short-term dietary recall, the
same limitations discussed previously for other NFCS data
sets also apply here. In addition, consumption patterns
may have changed since the data were collected in 1977-
78. OPP is in the process of translating consumption
information from the USDA CSFII 1989-91 survey to be
used in DRES.
Food and Nutrient Intakes of Individuals in One-
Day in the U.S., USDA (1980, 1993d) -USDA (1980;
I993a) calculated mean per capita intake rates for total and
individual grain products using NFCS data from 1977-78
and 1987-88. The mean intake rates for grain products
are presented in Tables 17-13 and 17-14 for the two
survey years, respectively.
The advantages of using these data are that they
provide mean intake estimates for various grain products.
The consumption estimates are based on short-term (i.e.,
1-day) dietary data which may not reflect long-term
consumption.
U.S. EPA - Office of Radiation Programs - The
U.S. EPA Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) has also
used the USDA 1977-1978 NFCS to estimate daily food
intake. ORP uses food consumption data to assess human
intake of radionuclides in foods (U.S. EPA, 1984a;
1984b). The 1977-1978 NFCS data have been
reorganized by ORP, and food items have been classified
according to the characteristics of radionuclide transport.
The mean dietary per capita intake of grain products.
grouped by age, for the U.S. population are presented in
Table 17-15. The mean daily intake rates of grain
products for the U.S. population grouped by regions are
presented in Table 17-16. Because this study-was based
on the USDA NFCS, the limitations and advantages
associated with the USDA-NFCS data also apply to this
data set.
t/.S. EPA - Office, of Science and Technology - The
U.S. EPA Office of Science and Technology (OST)
within the Office of Water (formerly the Office of Water
Regulations and Standards) used data from the FDA
revision of the Total Diet Study Food Lists and Diets
(Pennington, 1983) to calculate food intake rates. OST
uses these consumption data in its risk assessment model
for land application of municipal sludge. The FDA data
used are based on the combined results of the USDA
1977-1978 NFCS and the second National Health and
Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II), 1976-1980
(U.S. EPA, 1989). Because food items are listed as
prepared complex foods in the FDA Total Diet Study,
each item was broken down into its component parts so
that the amount of raw commodities coasumed could be
determined. Table 17-17 presents intake rates for grain
products for various age groups. Estimated lifetime
ingestion rates derived by U.S. EPA (1989) are also
presented in Table 17-17. Note that these are per capita
intake rates tabulated as grams dry weight/day.
Therefore, these rates differ from those in the previous
tables because USDA (1980; 1992) and U.S. EPA
(1984a, 1984b) report intake rates on an as consumed
basis.
The EPA-OST analysis provides intake rates for
additional food categories and estimates of lifetime
average daily intake on a per capita basis. In contrast to
the other analyses of USDA NFCS data, this study reports
the data in terms of dry weight intake rates. Thus,
conversion is not required when contaminants are provided
on a dry weight basis.
USDA (1993b) - Food Consumption, Prices, and
Expenditures, 1970-92 - The USDA's Economic
Research Service (ERS) calculates the amount of food
available for human consumption in the United States
annually. Supply and utilization balance sheets were
generated. These were based on the flow of food items
from production to end uses. Total available supply was
estimated as the sum of production (i.e., some products
were measured at the farm level or during processing),
starting inventories, and imports (USDA, 1993). The
availability of food for human use commonly termed as
"food disappearance" was determined by subtracting
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
17-3
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m
Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
exported foods, products used in industries, farm inputs
(seed and feed) and end-of-the year inventories from the
total available supply (USDA, 1993). USDA (1993)
calculated the per capita food consumption by dividing the
total food disappearance by the total U.S. population.
USDA (1993) estimated per capita coasumption
data for grain products from 1970-1992 (1992 data are
preliminary). In this section, die 1991 values, which are
the most recent final data, are presented. Table 17-18
presents per capita coasumption in 1991 for graias.
One of tl« limitations of this study is that
disappearance data do not account for losses from the food
supply from waste, spoilage, or foods fed to pets. Thus,
intake rates based on diese data may overestimate daily
consumption because they are based on die total quantity
of marketable commodity utilized. Therefore, these data
may be useful for estimating bounding exposure estimates.
It should also be noted that per capita estimates based on
food disappearance are not a direct measure of actual
consumption or quantity ingested, instead the data are used
as indicators of changes in usage over time (USDA,
1993). An advantage of this study is that it provides per
capita consumption rates for grains which are
representative of long-term intake because disappearance
data are generated annually. Daily per capita intake rates
arc generaled by dividing annual coasumption by 365
days/year.
17.2. RECOMMENDATIONS
The CSFII data described in this section was used
in selecting recommended grain, product intake rates for
the general population and various subgroups of the United
States population. The general design of both key and
relevant studies are summarized in Table 17-19. The
recommended values for intake of grain products are
summarized in Table 17-20 and the confidence ratings for
the recommended values for grain intake rates are
presented in Table 17-21. Per capita intake rates for
specific grain items, on a g/kg-day basis, may be obtained
from Tables 17-2 through 17-10. Percentiles of the intake
rale distribution in the general population for total graias,
are presented in Tables 17-1. From these tables, the mean
and 95th percendle intake rates for grains are 4.1 g/kg-day
and 10.8 g/kg-day, respectively. It is important to note
tliat die dbiributioas presented in Tables 17-1 through 17-
10 are based on data collected over a 3-day period and
may not necessarily reflect the long-term distribution of
average daily intake rates. However, for the broad
categories of foods (i.e., total grains, breads), because
they may be eaten on a daily basis throughout the year
with minimal seasonality, the short-term distribution may
be a reasonable approximation of the long-term
distribution, although it will display somewhat increased
variability. This implies that the upper percentiles shown
will tend to overestimate the corresponding percentiles of
the true long-term distribution.
This section also presents recommendations for
serving size for various grains. These recommendations
are based on the USDA NFCS 1977-78 data. The
confidence rating for serving size recommendations are
presented in Table 17-22. Percentiles of the serving size,
as well as mean values, can be obtained from Table 17-
11.
The advantage of using the CSFII and USDA
NFCS data set is they are die largest publicly available
data source on food intake patterns in the United States.
Data are available for a wide variety of grain products and
are intended to be representative of the U.S. population.
17.3. REFERENCES FOR CHAPTER 17
Pao, E.M.; Fleming, K.H.; Guenther, P.M.; Mickle,
S.J. (1982) Foods commonly eaten by individuals:
amount per day and per eating occasion. U.S.
Department of Agriculture. Home Economics
Report No. 44.
Pennington, J.A.T. (1983) Revision of the total diet
study food list and diets. J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
82:166-173.
USDA. (1980) Food and nutrient intakes of individuals
in one day in the United States, Spring 1977. U.S.
Department of Agriculture. Nationwide Food
Consumption Survey 1977-1978. Preliminary
Report No. 2.
USDA. (1993a) Food and nutrient intakes by
individuals in the United States, 1 day, 1987-88.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition
Information Service. Nationwide Food Consumption
Survey 1987-88, NFCS Rpt. No. 87-1-1.
USDA. (1993b) Food coasumption prices and
expenditures (1970-1992) U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Statistical
Bulletin, No. 867.
U.S. EPA. (1984a) An estimation of the daily average
food intake by age and sex for use in assessing the
radionuclide intake of individuals in the general
population. EPA-520/1-84-021.
U.S. EPA. (1984b) An estimation of the daily food
intake based on data from the 1977-1978 USDA
Nationwide Food Consumption Survey.
Page
17-4
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
Washington, DC: Office of Radiation Programs. White, S.B.; Peterson, B.; Clayton, C.A.; Duncan,
EPA-520/1-84-015. D.P. (1983) Interim Report Number 1: The
construction of a raw agricultural commodity
U.S. EPA. (1989) Development of risk assessment consumption data base. Prepared by Research
methodologies for land application and distribution Triangle Institute for EPA Office of Pesticide
and marketing of municipal sludge. Washington, Programs.
DC: Office of Science and Technology. EPA 600/-
89/001.
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 17-5
-------
>*
I
I
I
a
TaWe 17-i. Intake of Total Grains Including Mixtures ig kf-day)*
Population Group
Total
Age
<01
1-2
3-5
6-11
12-19
20-39
40-69
70 +
Season
Fall
Spring
Summer
Winter
Urbanization
Central City
Nonmetropolitan
Suburban
Race
Asian
Black
Native American
Other/NA
White
Region
Midwest
Northeast
Sown
West
Percent
Consuming
97,5%
80.4%
95.88
97.5%
97.7%
98.2%
98.4%
98.3%
98.7%
97.9%
97.0%
97.5%
97.6%
97.6%
96.9%
97.8%
94.0%
96.9%
87.7%
97.1%
97.9%
97.3%
97,6%
97.9%
97.2%
* Includes breads; sweets such as cakes, pie,
MEAN
4.061
7.049
10.567
9.492
6.422
3.764
3.095
2.792
3.263
4.282
3.983
3.948
4.031
4.159
4.013
4.02
6.479
4.372
3.98
4.561
3.962
4.016
4.255
3.943
4.116
SE
0,033
0.361
0.285
0.201
0.117
0.065
0.035
0.031
0.066
0.066
0.071
0.062
0.063
0.061
0.067
0.049
0.402
0.103
0.276
0.208
0.035
0.07
0.079
0.052
0.072
PI
0
0
- 0
0
0
0
0
0
0.38
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PS P10
0.74 1.16
0 0
2.86 4.34
3.13 4.35
2.14 2.88
1.15 1.52
0.70 1.08
0,69 0.98
0.89 1.24
0.84 1.24
0.70 1.10
0.74 1.13
0.70 1.17
0.75 1.13
0.60 1.11
0.80 1.18
0 1.46
0.55 0.94
0 0.61
0 1.21
0.79 1.18
0.79 1.17
0.78 1.26
0.71 1.10
0.69 1.13
P2S
1.90
1.46
6.55
6.09
4.07
2.16
1.75
1.59
1.86
2.07
1.79
1.82
1.95
1,91
1.85
1.90
3.02
1.81
1.63
2.26
1.90
1.90
2.02
1.83
1.92
and pastries; snack and breakfast foods made with grains; pasta;
PSO
3.06
6.05
9.59
8.91
5,70
3.31
2.73
2.47
2.72
3.19
2.95
2.99
3.17
3.06
3.12
3.04
5.44
3.05
3.67
3.56
3.03
2.92
3.19
3.06
3.13
P75
4.96
10,18
14.06
11.88
7.82
4.81
4.00
3.54
4.04
5.19
4.73
4.96
4.99
5.07
4.93
4.91
9.07
5.69
5.81
5.36
4.80
4.69
5.37
4.89
5.03
cooked ready-to-eat,
P90
8.04
16.75
18.92
15.13
10.26
6.46
5.47
4.96
5.81
8.54
7.78
7.98
8.00
8.71
7.81
7.79
14.13
9.47
6.90
8.87
7.79
7.80
8.44
8.13
7.98
P95
10.77
19.50
21.57
19.14
12.85
8.03
6.55
6.09
7.63
11.88
10.52
10.16
10.48
11.61
10.08
10.63
14.63
12.47
9.00
11.72
10.20
11.04
11.61
10.20
10.90
P99 P100
18.53 42.98
27.61 37.41
28.22 42.98
23.87 33.08
21.40 31.93
10.92 19.30
9.57 25.71
8.40 20.34
10.47 21.45
19.10 37.77
23.87 31.93
15.34 30.13
16.86 42.98
17.69 37.77
21.05 31.93
18.53 42.98
20.65 23.78
18.96 40.07
20.43 21.84
22.07 30.51
18.07 42.98
20.36 31.93
17.73 42.98
16.42 40.07
19.50 25.89
and baby cereals, rice and grain mixtures.
Note: SE = Standard error
P = PercentUe of the distribution
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the 1989/91 CSFIL
"1
•»•
^
I
t-
-------
I
Table 11-2.
Population Group Percenl
Consuming
Total 91.6%
Age
< 01 50.9%
1-2 88.9%
3-5 91.9%
6-11 93.4%
12-19 91.8%
20-39 92.9%
40-69 93.7%
70+ 95.1%
Season
Fall 91.3%
Spring 91.4%
Summer 92.4%
Winter 91.2%
Urbanization
Central City 91.2%
Nonmetropolitan 91.7%
Suburban 91.8%
Race
Asian 78.5%
Black 88.8%
Native American 81.3%
Other/NA 89.1%
White 92.5%
Region
Midwest 91.2%
Northeast 91.1%
South 91.8%
West 92.1%
Includes breads, rolls, muffins, bagels
Note: SE = Standard error
P = Percentile of the distribution
MEAN
1.133
1.072
2.611
2.217
1.668
1.068
0.936
0.915
0.976
1.181
1.095
1.126
1.129
1.127
1.184
1.113
0.981
1.159
1.336
1.333
1.121
1.109
1.104
1.155
1.153
SE
0.010
0.102
0.089
0.063
0.037
0.025
0.012
0.011
0.021
0.020
0.018
0.018
0.019
0.017
0.020
0.014
0.078
0.030
0.133
0.067
0.010
0.018
0.021
0.017
0.022
, biscuits, comb read,
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the 1989/91
CSFTI.
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Intake of Breads (g/kg-day)a .
P5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P10
0.19
0
0.44
0.44
0.40
0.21
0.18
0.20
0.29
0.17
0.18
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.19
0
0.11
0.13
0
0.20
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.19
P25
0.48
0
1.17
1.19
0.88
0.45
0.43
0.46
0.56
0.50
0.48
0.48
0.47
0.49
0.48
0.49
0.34
0.37
0.41
0.62
0.51
0.50
0.51
0.46
0.49
P50
0.90
0.34
2.39
2.03
1.44
0.91
0.81
0.81
0.87
0.94
0.89
0.90
0.89
0.91
0.93
0.89
0.86
0.84
0.72
1.11
0.91
0.90
0.90
0.92
0.91
P75
1.50
1.65
3.86
3.04
2.18
1.46
1.27
1.25
1.31
1.57
1.45
1.51
1.50
1.50
1.54
1.49
1.51
1.55
1.80
1.70
1.48
1.49
1.48
1.54
1.48
P90
2.31
3.29
4.68
4.01
3.16
2.15
1.81
1.77
1.76
2.45
2.18
2.24
2.37
2.33
2.51
2.20
2.57
2.59
2.91
2.66
2.23
2.22
2.26
2.41
2.35
P95
3.04
4.06
5.42
5.14
3.98
2.78
2.27
2.08
2.15
3.16
2.91
2.98
3.07
2.98
3.24
2.89
2.61
3.29
4.13
3.79
2.95
2.91
2.83
3.13
3.12
P99
4.67
6.09
8.23
6.95
5.95
3.43
3.41
2.83
2.76
5.27
4.54
4.43
4.66
4.50
4.97
4.68
3.34
5.58
9.09
6.16
4.51
4.43
4.50
4.89
5.14
P100
12.99
12.99
10.29
12.35
9.17
. 7.44
7.04
11.16
11.81
11.81
12.35
9.17
12.99
11.81
12.99
12.35
3.34
8.94
11.71
9.98
12.99
7.97
9.98
12.99
12.35
and tortillas.
•
I
K,
*M
i
-------
1
I
J
811
>•«*•
\o «
Table 17-3. Intake ot Sweets (g/kg-day)*
Population Croup Percent MEAN
Consuming
Total 50.2% 0.508
Age
<01 28.1% 0.447
1-2 49.6% 1.144
3-5 59.2% 1.139
6-11 63.7% 0.881
12-19 54.0% 0.511
20-39 45.0% 0.383
40-69 49.1% 0.381
70 + 56.3% 0/444
Season
Fall 52.9% 0.533
Spring 48.3% 0.466
Summer 48.5% 0.527
Winter 51.2% 0.508
Urbanization
Central City 45.3% 0.495
Nonmetropolitan 52.3% 0.593
Suburban 52.4% 0.477
Race
Asian 37.6% 0.515
Black 39.3% 0.387
Native American 33.9% 0.325
Other/NA 32.3% 0.283
White 53.2% .0.537
Region
Midwest 53.0% 0.573
Northeast 55.9% 0.587
South 47.5% 0.471
West 46.7% 0.416
SE
0.011
0.096
0.111
0.079
0.046
0.030
0.015
0.015
0.029
0.022
0.021
0.025
0.022
0.021
0.025
0.015
0.101
0.030
0.075
0.088
0.012
0.024
0.027
0.018
0.022
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P25
0
o -
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P50
0.13
0
0.43
0.56
0.43
0.22
0
0.08
0.16
0.14
0.10
0.06
0.19
0.11
0.25
0.10
0.05
0
0
0
0.17
0.17
0.22
0.09
0
P75
0.71
0.41
1.75
1.82
1.29
0.75
0.59
0.55
0.63
0.76
0.65
0.70
0.71
0.65
0.82
0.69
0.78
0.46
0.33
0.21
0.77
0.79
0.83
0.65
0.55
P90
1.50
1.42
3.32
3.01
2.33
1.47
1.24
1.13
1.29
1.55
1.36
1.50
1.55
1.58
1.42
1.82
1.20
1.47
0.64
1.55
1.65
1.63
1.39
1.25
P95
2.12
2.26
4.87
4.33
3.28
1.99
1.66
1.58
1.64
2.21
1.82
2.35
2.00
2.12
2.34
2.00
2.22
1.71
1.48
1.45
2.17
2.41
2.21
1.98
1.91
P99
3.96
5.51
6.51
6.78
5.39
3.25
2.48
2.70
2.73
3.82
3.58
4.54
4.00
4.24
4.52
3.55
2.52
3.51
2.44
3.04
4.09
4.00
4.60
3.89
3.33
P100
1339
9.35
13.39
9.25
12.97
9.65
7.45
5.70
6.94
13.39
9.35
8.73
10.84
9.94
13.39
9.65
4.06
9.67
3.78
9.94
13.39
12.97
13.39
10.84
9.65
Includes cakes, cookies, pies, pastries, doughnuts, breakfast bars, and coffee cakes.
NOTE: SE = Standard error
P = Percentile of the distribution
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the 1989/91
CSFII
8-
a
I
%
-------
a g
I
a
!
Table 17-4. Intake of Snacks Containing Grain (g/kg-day)
Population Group Percent
Consuming
Total 40,3%
Age
<01 31.4%
1-2 46.7%
3-5 48.9%
6-1 1 43.1%
12-19 40.2%
20-39 38.2%
40-69 40.3%
70 + 40.9%
Season
Fall 41.6%
Spring 38.3%
Summer 37.5%
Winter 43.9%
Urbanization
Central City 36.5%
Nonmetropolitan 39.8%
Suburban 43.3%
Race
Asian 22.1%
Black 25.9%
Native American 30.4%
Other/NA 28.3%
White 43.7%
Region
Midwest 45.2%
Northeast 35.8%
South 39.8%
West 39,4%
Includes grain snacks such as crackers,
NOTE: SE= Standard error '
P = Percentile of the distribution
MEAN
0.160
0.321
0.398
0.393
0.269
0.170
0.123
0.104
0.074
0.180
0.136
0.165
0.160
0.158
0.144
0.169
0.077
0.107
0.142
0.139
0.170
0.202
0.113
0.162
0.155
salty snacks,
SE
0.005
0.064
0.040
0.034
0.023
0.016
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.012
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.035
0.014
0.050
0.026
0,006
0.012
0.010
0.008
0,011
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P25
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P50
0
0
0.10
0.12
0
0
0 '
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
a
P75
0.18
0,35
0.65
038
0.32
0.21
0.15
0.14
0.10
0.18
0.15
0.18
0.19
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.04
0.07
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.23
0.10
0.19
0.16
P90
0,47
1,24
1.30
1,22
0.86
050
0.41
0.33
020
•0.50
0.43
0,52
0.44
0.46
0,44
0.50
0,27
0.33
0.32
0.43
0,49
0,57
0,35
0.46
0.46
. P95
0,78
1.82
1.61
1.65
1.24
0.74
0.60
0.46
0.36
0.87
0.67
0.86
0.76
0.81
0.66
0.80
0.37
0.59
0.44
0.69
0.81
0,99
0.6!
0.80
0,76
P99 PI 00
1.74 6.73
4.66 5.73
2.03 6.73
2,20 4.76
2.43 4.00
1.94 3.51
1,21 4.60
1,06 2.85
0.70 1.47
1.99 6.73
1.29 3.43
1.72 5.73
1.77 4.60
1.81 3.70
1.32 4.76
1.75 6.73
1.09 1.34
1.19 4.76
1.29 4.60
1.27 I.9I
1.80 6,73
1.95 6.73
1.28 5.73
1.63 4.76
1.81 4,60
popcorn, and pretzels.
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the ! 989/9 1 CSFII.
«p
I
-------
Table 17-5 Intake of Breakfast Foods (s/kg-day) *
Population Group Percent
Consuming
Tola! 15.0%
Age
< 01 13,1%
1-2 ' 20.9%
3-5 24,5%
6-11 25.056
12-19 18.4%
20-39 ' 13.2%
40-69 10.8%
70 + 12.5%
Season
Fall 15.1*
Spring 13.2»
Summer 14,8%
Winter 17.0%
Urbanization
Central City 15.1%
Nonmetropolitan 13.3%
Suburban 15.9%
Race
Asian 10.1%
Black 11.9%
Native American 18.7%
Otber/NA 13.7%
Whke ' 15.6%
Region
Midwest 14.7%
Northeast 15.2%
South 12.3%
West 19.7%
MEAN
0.144
0.255
0.418
0.446
0.307
0.193
0.086
0.063
0.096
0.146
0.120
0.145
0.168
0.142
0.120
0.157
0.076
0.114
0.156
0.079
0.152
0.121
0.158
0.130
0.184
SE
0.012
0.108
0.103
0.078
0.045
0.038
0.014
0.011
0.025
0.021
0.023
0.022
0.027
0.021
0.020
0.019
0.060
0.032
0.073
0.037
0.013
0.020
0.034
0.019
0.024
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P5
0
0
0
0
0
0.
0
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P10 P25
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
PSO
*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P75
0
0
0.37
0.56
0,31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.21
0
0
0
0
0
0
P90
0.46
0.57
1.54
1.63
1.12
0.65
0.31
0.23
0.41
0.49
0.34
0.53
0.55
0.42
0.39
0.52
0.24
0.20
0.53
0.40
0.51
0.38
0.43
0.42
0.67
P95
0.95
2.08
2.50
2.33
1.69
1.16
0.61
0.51
0.65
0.93
0.71
0.98
1.04
0.93
0.85
1.06
0.61
0.78
0.61
0.43
0.97
0.75
1.02
0.92
1.14
P99
2.46
3.82
4.62
3.92
2,82
3.06
1.53
0.95
1.37
2.61
2.32
2.02
2.94
2.61
1.97
2.4S
1.04
2.46
1.23
1.40
2.56
2.06
2.61
2.33
2.58
P100
13.61
5.72
9.92
11.90
13.61
5.38
4.41
2.98
3.09
6.83
6.23
7.41
13.61
7.17
7.41
13.61
1.46 .
7.41
6.83
2.33
13.61
7.41
13.61
4.59
6.96
* Includes breakfast foods made with grains such as pancakes, waffles, and french toast.
NOTE: SE = Standard error
P = Percentile of the distribution
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the 1989/91.
8
£
M*
I
-------
*.
JB
*a
i
Table 17-6. Intake of Pasta (g/kg-day)
Population Group Percent
Consuming
Total 13.6%
Age
cOl . 73%
1-2 14.0%
3-5 15.3%
5-1 1 15.9%
12-19 14.3%
20-39 15.2%
40-69 12.5%
70 + 9.9%
Season
Fall 14.0%
Spring 13.9%
Summer 13.6%
Winter 12.9%
Urbanization
Central City 12.9%
Nonmetropolitan 1 1 .4%
Suburban 15.4%
Race
Asian 18.8%
Black 6.6%
Other/NA 8.6%
White 15.1%
Region
Midwest 12.8%
Northeast 21,9%
South 9.2%
West 14.7%
NOTE: SB = Standard error
MEAN
0.233
0.172
0569
0.543
0.338
0.194
0.232
0.172
0.083
0.239
0.250
0.251
0.193
0.197
0.171
0.286
0.918
0.138
0.115
0.243
0.182
0367
0.179
0.252
SE
0.018
0.124
0.212
0.142
0.063
0.047
0.027
0.028
0.029
0.038
0.036
0.039
0.034
0.034
0.032
0.028
0.355
0.054
0.083
0.019
0.030
0.043
0.035
0.038
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P75 •
0
0
0
0
0
• 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.70
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P90
0.90
0.00
1.72
2.19
1.47
0.77
0.96
0.62
0.03
0.94
0.96
0.97
0.68
0.65
0.63
1.12
3.80
0.00
0.00
0.94
0.74
1.47
0.45
1.07
P95
1.60
1.18
5.14
3,37
2.35
1.47
1.57
1.32
0.76
1.72
1.65
1.72
1.33
134
1.33
1.96
5.78
1.08
1.16
i.65
1.24
2.14
1.32
1.63
P99
3.67
3.79
6.68
6.51
3.43
3.36
2.83
2.67
1 51
3.77
3.28
3.80
3.22
3,43
2.48
3.92
6.51
3.27
2.43
3.46
2.76
4.62
3.63
3.25
P100
24.01
6.43
24.01
7.72
7.72
7.24
7.17
10.20
2.62
24.01
9.47
11.12
8.73
24.01
11.12
10.20
10.20
5.14
3.86
24.01
9.46
24.01
11.12
10.20
P = Percentile of the distribution
Source! Based on EPA's analysis of the
1989/91
CSFII.
--
8
a
r
-------
I
II
Table 17-7. InUfce of Cooked Certils (g/kg-d»y)
Population Percent
Croup Consuming
Total 17,1%
Age
<01 17.9%
1-2 23.6%
3-5 21.2%
6-11 18.1%
12-19 11.0%
20-39 10.5%
40-69 18.3%
70 * 35.3%
Season
Fall • 21.2%
Spring 15.8%
Summer 12.1%
Winter 19.1%
Urbanization
Central City 19.3%
Nonmetropolitan 20.0%
Suburban 13.9%
Race
Black 30.3?«
Native American 17.5%
OUier/NA 12.6%
White 15.1%
Region
Midwest 15.5%
Northeast 13.2%
South 21.4%
West 15.2%
NOTE: SE = Standard error
MEAN "
0.441
1.350
1.783
1.335
0.669
0.156
0.166
0.307
0.782
0.573
0.439
0.288
0.463
0323
0.483
0.369
0.838
0.372
0.510
0.382
0307
0.395
0.396
0.483
P = Percentile of the distribution
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the 1989/91
SE
0.035
0.417
0.365
0558
0.142
0.065
0.040
0.036
0.079
0.066.
0.082
0.069
0.062
0.068
0.066
0.052
0.092
0.196
0.293
0.039
0.083
0.093
0.044
0.086
CSFI1.
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
' 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P75
0
0
1.39
0
0
0
0
0
1.08
0
0
0
0
• 0
0
0
0.65
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P90
1.37
7,17
7.00
4,99
2,32
0
0
1.30
2.71
1.90
1.07
0.55
137
1.52
1,52
1.09
195
2.15
1.12
Ml
1.39
1.00
1,40
1.45
P95
2.79
8.60
9.41
8.18
4.49
1.26
1.33
2.20
3.80
3.71
2.29
1.98
3.12
3.27
2.72
2.35
4.45
2.99
3.18
2.32
3.01
2.73
2.48
3.12
P99 PI 00
8.18 28.63
20,47 24.16
14.84 28.63
1231 18.66
10.76 16.42
3.34 11.85
3.33 13.18
3,97 18.23
7,37 10.03
9.15 28.63
12.28 21.84
5.37 24.16
7.00 24.34
10.03 28.63
7.41 20,94
7.37 24.34
10,03 28.63
4.80 5.73
7.60 20.94
7.38 24.34
10.32 21.85
7.02 24.34
533 28.63
9.41 16.47
s
-------
'I
I
Table 17-8.
Population Percent
Group Consuming
Total 20.0%
Age
<01 11.8%
1-2 24.4%
3-5 25.0%
6-1 1 20.8%
12-19 20,1%
20-39 21.3%
40-69 19.6%
70+ 14.9%
Season
Fall 18.8%
Spring 21.5%
Summer 19.3%
Winter 20,5%
Urbanization
Central City 26.1%
Nonmetropolilan 15.9%
Suburban 18.3%
Race
Asian 72.5%
Black 37.2%
Other/NA 37.7%
White 15.9%
Region
Midwest 12.3%
Northeast 20.3%
South 25.2%
West 20.4%
NOTE: SB = Standard error
MEAN
0.357
0.405
0.811
0.736
0.504
0.316
0.341
0.259
0.229
0.307
0.395
0.376
0.350
0.449
0.3 II
0.320
2.353
0.603
0.655
0.281
0.207
0.378
0.455
0.349
SE
0.022
0.209
0.192
0.127
0.090
0.052
0.037
0.028
0.050
0.041
0.046
0.045
0.041
0.039
0.046
0.031
0.316
0.048
0.116
0.023
0,046
0.050
0.036
0,045
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Intake of Rice (g/kg-day)
P10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P75
0
0
0.36
0.76
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.18
0
0
2.83
0.87
. 0.80
0
0
0
0
0
P90
1.26
1,40
3,36
2.83
1.71
1.26
1.20
0,94
0.81
0.94
1,34
1.31
1.37
131
1.04
1.16
6.20
2.08
2.15
0.94
0.62
1.45
1.62
1.25
P95
2.15
2.89
4.52
3.77
3.33
1.91
1.90
1.64
1.73
2.13
2.47
2.05
2.09
2.51
1,90
2.01
10.39
2.93
3.78
1.79
1.25
2.15
2.71
1.84
P99
4.85
7.87
9.81
6.70
7.86
3.74
5.02
3.35
3.12
4.92
5.05
5.02
4.17
5.54
5.02
4.30
15.06
5.16
6.06
4.30
339
4,65
5.21
432
P100
1739
15.54
17.59
14.35
13.39
9.60
12.69
12.00
7.97
16.74
15.54
1235
17.59
16.74
12.91
17.59
1739
12.91
10.71
1534
13.39
16.74
15.54
17.59
P = Percentile of the distribution
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the
1989/91
CSHI.
' -
«.
$
3"
fr
i
-------
f
II
t
Population Peicem MEAN
Group Consuming
Tola! 45.6% 0.306
Age
< 01 38.9% 0.431
1-2 70.7% 0.954
3-5 77.3% 1.026
6-11 69.0% 0.631
12-19 50.8% 0.317
20-39 34.3% 0,174
40-69 37.1% 0.166
70 + 52.4% 0.222
Season
Fall 455% 0.293
Spring 45.6% 0.320
Summer 46.6% 0.330
Winter 44.8% 0.280
Urbanization
Central City 46.6% 0.319
Nonmetropoliian 43.6% 0.283
Suburban 46.0% 0.307
Race
Asian 33.6% 0.218
Black 41.1% 0.269
Native American 38.6% 0.298
Other/NA 42.9% 0.340
White 46.7% 0.311
Region
Midwest 48.7% 0.328
Northeast 46.9% 0.286
South 41.4% 0.284
West 47.7% 0.336
* Incluldes dry ready-to-eat corn, rice, wheat,
NOTE: SE = Standard error
P = Perceffiile of ihe distribution
Table 17-9. Intake of Rcady-lo-Eat Cereals (g/kg-day)1
SE
0.007
0.059
0.057
0.044
0.025
0.019
0.010
0.008
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.014
0.014
0.014
0.011
0.065
0.018
0.078
0.050
0.008
0.015
0.017
0.012
0.016
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
and bran cereals in the
PS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
form of flakes,
P25
0
0
0
0.31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
puffs, etc.
P50
0
0
0.74
0.83
0.45
0.16
0
0
0.08
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P75
0.42
0.64
1.46
1.48
0.92
0.48
0.23
0.25
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.45
0.39
0.43
0.38
0.44
0.24
0.40
0.32
0.43
0.42
0.47
0.38
0.40
0.46
P90
0.92
1.55
2.28
2.35
1.55
0.90
0.61
0.55
0.64
0.94
0.95
0.99
0.81
0.94
0.85
0.93
0.81
0.82
0.76
1.12
0.94
0.98
0.89
0.81
1.05
P95
1,37
1.94
2.89
2.99
1.97
1.14
0.88
0.74
0.83
1,42
1,42
1.42
1.22
1.42
1.33
1.36
1.28
1.16
1.23
1.59
1.39
1.37
1.33
1.26
1.47
P99
2.61
3.40
4.77
3.67
3.12
2.61
1.51
1.32
1.55
2.38
2.69
2.82
2.61
2.86
2.52
2.46
2.79
2.50
3.26
2.69
2.61
2.55
2.70
2.34
2.84
P100
7.12
4.40
6.47
5.65
7.12
4.06
5.11
3.36
2.71
7.12
5.88
5.65
6.47
5.11
7.12
6.47
3.12
4.46
4.40
4.18
7.12
7.12
6.47
5.88
5.11
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the 1989/91 CSFII,
CS
a
**»*
Si
-------
1
81
t
Table 17-10. Intake of Baby Cereals(g/kg-day)
Peculation Group Percent
Consuming
Total 1.1%
Age'
< 01 28.5%
Season
Fall 1.1*
Spring 1.1*
Summer 1,0%
Winter 1.0%
Urbanization
Central City 1.3%
Nonmetrapoltan 0.9%
Suburban 1.0%
Race
Asian 0.7%
Black 2.1%
Native American 1.2%
Other/NA 3.1%
White 0.8%
Region
Midwest 1.1%
Northeast 1.0%
South 1.0%
West I.I*
MEAN SE
0.037
1.205
0.036
0.059
0.017
0.035
0.048
0.011
0.042
0.017
0.092
0.010
0.050
0.029
0.020
0.084
0.016
0.046
0.051
0.280
0.075
0.138
0.068
0.107
0.088
0.040
0.093
0.137
0.151
0.088
0.133
0.059
0.050
0.208
0.060
0.101
PI
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
* Data presented only for children less than 1 year of age. Available data
NOTE: SE = Standard error
PS
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P25 P50 P75
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
for other age groups was based on a
0 0
0 0.64
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
o -o
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
P90
0
4.59
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P95
0
6.94
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
P99
0
16.99
0.69
0.13
0
0
1.05
0
0
1.10
4.59
0
2.94
0
0
1.25
0
1.18
P100
22.57
22.57
14.94
16.99
12.03
22.57
22.57
9.41
16.99
1. 10
22.57
1.63
13.42
16.99
12.50
16.99
22.57
10.18
very small number of observations
P = Percentile of the distribution
Source: Based on EPA's analysis of the
1989/91
CSHI.
-------
Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
Table 17-11. Quantity (as consumed) of Grain I'roducts Consumed per Bating Occasion
and the Percentage of Individuals Using These Foods in 3 Days
% Indiv. Quantity consumed per
using food eating occasion
Food category
Yeast Breads
Pancakes
Waffles
Tortillas
Cakes and Cupcakes
Cookies
Pics
Doughi nits
Crackers
Popcorn
Prcttels
Corn-based Salty Snacks
Pasta
Rke
Cooked Cereals
RcadV-co-EaJ Cereals
in 3 clays
93.7
8.3
2.9
2.9
25.5
30.8
li.9
9.9
26.2
5.6
2.2
5.9
11.4
18.5
17,4
43.4
(8)
Average
46
113
87
69
79
32
129
64
22
19
29
33
153
147
203
36
Standard
Deviation
26
85
74
39
59
30
60
40
21
22
28
30
103
91
110
25
Consumers-only
Quantity consumed per eating occasion at specified perccntiles (g)
5
21
27
20
28
23
7
57
26
6
5
3
9
35
41
31
8
25
25
54
40
30
41
14
97
42
12
9
12
18
70
88
123
22
50
44
81
78
60
63
26
120
43
15
15
21
21
140
165
240
29
75
SO
146
100,
90
99
40
150
84
24
18
36
40
210
175
245
45
90
75
219
158
120
144
60
195
106
42
36
57
60
280
263
360
60
95
100
282
200
140
184
84
236
126
57
45
85
80
320
350
480
84
99
140
438
400
210
284
144
360
208
113
108
160
156
560
438
490
120
Source: Paoetsl.. 1082.
Table 17-12. Mean Per Capita Intake Rates for Grains Based on All Sex/Age/Demographic Subgroups
Raw Agricultural Commodity1
Oil*
Rice- rung!]
Rke-nitllcd
Rye-rough
Rye-germ
Rye-flour
Wheat-rough
Wheat-germ
Wheat-bran
Wheat-flour
MUlet
Average Consumption
(Grams/Kg Body Weight-Day)
0.0825748
0.0030600
0.1552627
0.0000010
0,0002735
0.0040285
0.1406118
0.0008051
0.0121575
1.2572489
0.0000216
Standard Error
, 0.0026061
0.0004343
0.0083546
0.0000483
0.0002922
0.0050410
0.0000789
0.0004864
0.0127412
0.0000104
* Consumed in tny raw or prepared form '
Source: DRES data base.
Page
17-16
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
-------
Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
Table 17-13 - Mean Grain Intake per Individual in a Day by Sex And Age (g/day
Breads. Rolls,
Group Age (years) Total Grains
Males and Females
Under 1
1-2
3-5
6-8
Males
9-11
12-14
15-18
19-22
23-34
35-50
51-64
65-74
75 and Over
Females
9-11
12-14
15-18
19-22
23-34
35-50
51-64
65-74
75 and Over
Males and Females
All Ages
42
158
181
206
238
288
303
253
256
234
229
235
196
214
235
196
161
163
161
155
175
178
204
Biscuits
4
27
46
53
67
76
91
84
82
82
78
71
70
58
57
57
44
49
49
52
57
54
62
Other Baked
Goods
5
24
37
56
56
80
77
53
60
58
57
60
50
59
61
43
36
38
37
40
42
44
49
as consumed)" for 1977-1978
Cereals, Pasta
30
44
54
60
51
57
53
64
40
44
48
69
58
44
45
41
33
32
32
36
47
58
44
Mixtures,
Mainly Grairf1
3
63
45
38
64
74
82
52
74
50
46
35
19
53
72
55
48
44
43
27
29
22
49
1 Itesed on USDA Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (1977-1978) data for one day.
* Include!! mixtures containing grain as
Source: USDA. 19KO.
the uiiiin ingredient.
Table 17-14 - Mean Grain Intakes per Individual to a Day by Sex and Age (g/day)" for 1987-1988
Quick
Breads,
Yeast Pancakes,
Group
Age (years)
Males and Females 5 and
Under
Males
6-11
12-19
20 and Over
Females
6-11
12-19
20 and Over
All Individuals
Total
Grains
167
268
304
272
231
239
208
237
Breads and
Rolls
30
51
65
65
43
45
45
- 52
* Based on USDA Nationwide l-'ood Consumption Survey (1987 lo
French
Toast
8
16
28
20
19
13
14
16
198K) data
Cakes,
Cookies,
Pastries,
Res
22
37
45
37
30
29
28
32
for one day.
Crackers,
Popcorn,
Pretzels,
Corn Chips
4
8
10
8
6
7
6
7
Cereals and
Pastas
52
74
72
58
66
52
53
57
Mixtures,
Mostly
Grata*
51
V.
83
82
83
68
91
62
72
* Includes mixtures containing grain as the main ingredient.
Source: USDA, 1993a.
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
17-17
-------
fi
Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
Table 17-15. Mean and Standard Error for the Daily Per Capita Intake of Grains, by Age (grams/day as consumed)
ARC (years)
All ages
Under 1
Ito4
5lo9
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 29 ,
30 to 39
40 to 59
60 and over
Breads
147.3 + 1,4
16.2+9.2
104,6+4.5
154.3+3,8
186.24:3.6
188.5+3.7
166.5+^4.9
170.0+5.0
156.8+3.9
144.44:3.1
122.1.+3.4
Cereals
29.94:1.3
37.9+8.2
38,4+4.0
39.540.4
36.4+3.2
28.8_+3.3
20.2+_4.3
18.2+4.4
18.84:3.5
24.74:2.7
42.5^3.0
Other Grains
22.9+L7
1.8+J0.9
14,8+5.4
22.7^4.5
25,6+4.2
27.8_+4.4
25.04:5.8
26.64:5.9
26.4+4.6
23.3i3.6
19.3+4.0
Source: U.S. EPA, 1984a.
Table 17-16. Mean and Standard Hrror for the Daily Intake of Grains, by Region (grams/day as consumed)
Region
All Kcfkxa
Norllieast
North Central
South
We*
Total Grains
200.04:3.0
203.54:5.8
192.8J:5.6
202.24:4.7
202.6_+6.9
Breads
I47.3j:l.4
153.1+,2.8
150.9+.2.7
143.9±2,3
139.54:3.3
Cereals
29.94:1.3
24.6+_2.5
28.74:Z4
34,6+_2.0
30.9_+3.0
Other
Grains
22.9_fl.7
25.94:3.3
13.3_+3.2
23.7+_2.7
32.1_+4,0
NOTE: Northeast »= Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and
Pennsylvank,
North Central = Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota,
Nebraska, and Kansas.
Soutli = Maryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida.
Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma.
West « Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Washington, Oregon, and California.
Source: U.S. EPA, I984b.
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
Table 17-17. Consumption of Grains (g dry weiglu/day) for Different Age Groups and
Estimated Lifetime Average Daily Food Intakes for a US Citizen
(averaged across sex) Calculated from tic PDA Diet Data
Age (in years)
Wheat
Com
Rice
Oats
Other Grain
Total Grain
(0-D (1-5)
27.60 42.23
4.00 15.35
2.22 4.58
3.73 2.65
0.01 0.08
37.56 64.82
* The estimated lifetime dietary intakes were
Estimated
where IR =
Source: U
(6-13)
60.80
19.28
5.24
2.27
0.41
87.58
estimated by:
(14-19)
79.36
23.21
5.89
1.89
0.73
110.34
lifetime = lR(0-i) + 5yrs « IR (1-5) + 8 yrs » IR (6-13) + 6 yrs »
= the intake rate for a specific age group.
S, EPA, 1989.
70 years
(20-44)
65.86
17.83
5.78
1.32
13,45
90.59
!R (14-19) 4-
(45-70)
55.13
14.82
4.21
2.00
4.41
76,17
25 yrs » IR (20-44)
Hstimalcdlfciinw
60.30
17.01
5.03
1.85
6,49
84.19
+ 25 yrs » IR (45-70)
Table 17-18. Per Capita consumption of Hour and Cereal Products in 1991*
Hour and Cereal Products
Food Item
Per Capita Consumption
OS/day)1
Total Wheat Flour*
Rye Flour
Rice"
Total Corn Products"
Oat Products'
Barley Products'
Total Flour and Cereal Products'
169.8
0.7
20.9
27.2
10.7
I.I
230.6
' Original data were presented in Ibs/yr, data were converted to g/day by multiplying by a factor of 454 g/lb and dividing by 365 days/yr.
Consumption of most items at the processing level. Excludes quantities used in alcoholic beverages and fuel.
* Includes white, whole wheat, and durum flour.
« Milled basis.
" Includes corn flour and meal, hominy and grits, and corn starch,
* Includes tolled oats, ready-to-eat cereals, oat flour, and oat bran.
' Includes barley flour, pearl barley, and malt and malt extract used in food processing.
' Excludes wheat not ground into flour, for example, shredded wheat breakfast cereals.
Source: USDA, 1993b.
Exposure Factors Handbook
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SI
f
J
S 133
- fi
Table 17-19. Summary of Grain Intake Studies
Study
KEY STUDIES
EPA Analysis of 1989/91
CSFII Data
Pao et al., 1982
RELEVANT STUDIES
EPA's ORES
(White et al., 1983)
USDA, 1980; 1993a
USDA, I993b
U.S. EPA/ORP,
1984a; I984b
U.S. EPA/OST, 1989
Survey Population Used in
Calculating Intake
Per capita
Consumers only serving size
data provided
Per capita (i.e., consumers
and nonconsumers)
Per capita and consumer only
grouped by age and sex
Per capita consumption based
on "food disappearance"
Per capita
Estimated lifetime dietary
intake
Types of Data Used
1989/91 CSFII data;
Based on 3-day average individual
inake rates.
1977/78 NFCS
3-day individual intake data
1977/78 NFCS
3-day individual intake data
1977/78 and 1987/88 NFCS
I -day individual intake data
Based on food supply and
utilization data
1977/78 NFCS
Individual intake data
Based on FDA Total Diet Study
Food List which used 1977/78
NFCS data, and NHANES II data
Units
g/kg-day; as
consumed
g; as consumed
g/kg-day; as
consumed
g/day; as consumed
g/day; as consumed
g/day, as consumed
g/day; dry weight
Food Items
Distributions of intake rates for total
grain; individual grain items
Distributions of serving sizes for grain
products
Intake for a wide variety of grain
products presented; complex food
groups were disaggregated
Total grains and various grain products
Intake rates of grain products
Mean intake rates for total grain
products, and individual grain items.
Various food groups; complex foods
disaggregated
Table 17-20. Summary of Recommended Values for Per Capita Intake of Grain Products and Serving Size
Mean
Total Grain Intake
4.1 g/kg-day
Individual Grain Products
see Tables 17-2 to 17-10
Serving Size
see Table 17-11
95th Percentile
10.8 g/kg-day
see Tables 17-2 to 17-10
see Table 17-11
Multiple Percentiles Study
see Table 17-1 EPA Analysis of CSFII
see Table 17-2 to 17-10 EPA Analysis of CSFII
1989-91 Data
1989-91 Data
see Table 17-11 Pao et al., 1982
a
I
i
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Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
Table 17-21.
Considerations
Study Elements
• Level of peer review
• Accessibility
« Rcproductbilky
* Focus on factor of
interest
» Data pertinent to U.S.
• Primary data
» Currency
" Adequacy of daia
collection period
* Validity of approach
« Study size
* Representativeness of the
population
» Characterization of
variability
* Lack of bias in study design
(high rating is desirable)
• Measurement error
Other Elements
• Number of studies
* Agreement between researchers
Overall Eating
Confidence in Grain Products Intake Recommendation
Rationale
USDA CSF1I survey receives high level of peer review.
EPA analysis of these data has not been peer reviewed
outside Ihe Agency. (Peer review will be conducted as
part of the peer review of this Handbook)
CSF1I data is publicly available
Enough information is included to reproduce results
Analysis is specifically designed to address food intake
Data focuses on the U.S. population
This is new analysis of primary data
Is the most current data publicly available
Survey is designed to collect short-term data.
Survey methodology was adequate
Study size was very large and therefore adequate
The population studied was the U.S. population.
Survey was not designed to capture long term day-to-
day variability. Slum term distributions arc provided
for various age groups, regions, etc.
Response rale was adequate?
No measurements were taken. The study relied on
survey data.
1
CSF1I is the most recent data publicly available.
Therefore, tt was the only study classified as key study.
Although the CSF1I was the only study classified as key
study, the results are in good agreement with earlier
data.
The survey is representative of U.S. population;
Although there was only one study considered key,
these data are the most recent and are in agreement with
earlier data; the approach used to analyzed the data was
adequate. However, due to the limitations of the survey
design estimation of long-term perccntile values
(especially the upper pcrcentilcs) is uncertain.
Rating
Medium (This wDl become a
"high" once the Handbook's
peer review is completed)
High
High
High
High
High
High
Medium confidence for
average values;
Low confidence for long term
percentile distribution
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
N/A
Low
High
High confidence in the
average;
Low confidence in the long-
term upper percentiles
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
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Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
f
Table 17-22.
Considerations
Study Elements
• Level of peer review
• Accessibility
• Reproducibility
• Focus on factor of interest
• Data pertinent to U.S.
• Primary data
• Currency
• Adequacy of data collection
period
• Validity of approach
• Study size
• Representativeness of the
population
• Characterization of variability
• Lack of bias in study design
(high rating is desirable)
• Measurement error
Other Elements
• Number of studies
• Agreement between researchers
Overall Rating
Confidence in Grain Serving Size Recommendations
Rationale
USDA NFCS survey receives high level of peer
review.
The NFCS data are publicly available
Methodology is clearly explained
Analysis is specifically designed to address food
intake
Data focuses on the U.S. population
The study analyzed primary data
The data are old (i.e. 1977-78)
Survey is designed to collect short-term data.
Survey methodology was adequate
Study size was very large and therefore adequate
The population studied was the U.S. population.
Survey was not designed to capture long term day-
to-day variability. Short term distributions are
provided
Response rate was adequate
No measurements were taken. The study relied on
survey data.
1
Although serving size data may have been collected
in other surveys, they have not been reported in any
other study.
The survey is representative of U.S. population; the
approach used to analyzed the data was adequate.
However, due to the limitations of the survey
design estimation of long-term percentile values
(especially the upper percentiles) is uncertain.
Rating
High
High
High
High
High
High
Low
Medium
High
High
High
Medium
Medium
N/A
Low
Low
Medium
Page
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Exposure Factors Handbook
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Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
APPENDIX 17-A
FOOD CODES AND DEFINITIONS USED IN THE
ANALYSIS OF THE 1989/91 USDA CSFII GRAINS DATA
Exposure Factors Handbook Page
August 1996 774-7
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Chapter 17 - Intake of Grain Products
Table 17A-1. Food Codes and Definitioas Used in the Analysis of the 1989/91 USDA CSFII Gnats Data
I:ood Product
Total Grains
Food Codes and Descriptions
51-
52-
53-
54-
55-
561-
562-
breads
tortillas
sweets
snacks
breakfast foods
pasta
cooked cereals and rice
Food Product Food Codes and Descriptions
Pasta 561-
macaroni
noodles
spaghetti
57- rcady-to-cat and baby cereals
Also includes the average portion of grain
mixtures (i.e., 31 percent) and the average
portion of meat mixtures (i.e., 13 percent)
made up by grain.
Breads
Sweets
Snacks
Breakfast Foods
Grain Mixtures
51-
52-
53-
54-
55-
58-
breads
rolls
muffins
bagel
biscuits
com bread
tortillas
cakes
cookies
pies
pastries
doughnuts
breakfast bars
coffee cakes
crackers
salty snacks
popcorn
pretzels
pancakes
waffles
trench toast
grain mixtures
Cooked Cereals 56200-
56201-
56202-
includes grils,oatmeal,
commeal mush, millet,
etc.
56203-
562069-
56207-
56208-
56209-
Rice 56204-
56205-
,
includes all varieties of
rice
5620601
Kcady-to-uat 570-
Cercals 571-
572-
573-
574-
575-
576-
Baby Cereals 578-
Meat Mixtures 27-
28-
includes all vurictics of
rcady-to-eat cereals
baby cereals
meat mixtures
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Glossary
GLOSSARY
Absorption fraction (percent absorbed) - The relative
amount of a substance that penetrates through a barrier
into the body, reported as a unitless fraction.
Accuracy - The measure of the correctness of data, as
given by the difference between the measured value and
the true or standard value.
Activity pattern (time use) data - Information on activities
in which various individuals engage, length of time spent
performing various activities, locations in which
individuals spend time and length of time spent by
individuals within those various environments.
Air exchange rate - Rate of air leakage through windows,
doorways, intakes and exhausts, and "adventitious
openings" (i.e., cracks and seams) that combine to form
the leakage configuration of the building envelope plus
natural and mechanical ventilation,
Ambient - The conditions surrounding a person, sampling
location, etc.
Analytical uncertainty propagation - Examines how
uncertainty in individual parameters affects the overall
uncertainty of the exposure assessment. The uncertainties
associated with various parameters may propagate through
a model very differently, even if they have approximately
the same uncertainty. Since uncertainty propagation is a
function of both the data and the model structure, this
procedure evaluates both input variances and model
seasitivity.
As consumed intake rates - Intake rates that are based on
the weight of the food in the form that it is consumed.
Average dotty dose - Dose rate averaged over a pathway-
specific period of exposure expressed as a daily dose on
a per-unit-body-weight basis. The ADD is used for
exposure to chemicals with non-carcinogenic non-chronic
effects. The ADD is usually expressed in terms of
mg/kg-day or other mass/mass-time units.
Best Tracer Method (BTM) - Method for estimating soil
ingestion that allows for the selection of the most
recoverable tracer for a particular subject or group of
subjects. Selection of the best tracer is made on the basis
of the food/soil (F/S) ratio.
Boneless equivalent - Weights of meat (pork, veal, beef)
and poultry, excluding all bones, but including separable
fat sold on retail cuts of red meat,
Carcass weight - Weight of the chilled hanging carcass,
which includes the kidney and attached internal fat
(kidney, pelvic, and heart fat), excludes the skin, head,
feet, and unattached internal organs. The pork carcass
weight includes the skin and feet but excludes ,the kidney
and attached internal fat.
Chronic intake - The long term period over which a
substance crosses the outer boundary of an organism
without passing an absorption barrier.
Comparability - The ability to describe likenesses and
differences in die quality and relevance of two or more
data sets.
Consumer-only intake rate - The average quantity of food
consumed per person in a population composed only of
individuals who ate the food item of interest during a
specified period.
Contaminant concentration - Contaminant concentration
is the concentration of the contaminant in the medium (air,
food, soil, etc.) contacting the body and has units of
mass/volume or mass/mass.
Creel Census - Approach used by fishery managers to
obtain harvest data collected onsite from single anglers or
from larger-scale commercial type operations,
Deposition - The removal of airborne substances to
available surfaces that occurs as a result of gravitational
settling and diffusion, as well as electrophoresis and
thermophoresis,
Diary study - Survey in which individuals are asked to
record food intake, activities, or other factors in a diary
which is later used to evaluate exposure factors associated
with specific populations.
Distribution - A set of values derived from a specific
population or set of measurements that represents the
range and array of data for the factor being studied.
Dose - The amount of a substance available for interaction
with metabolic processes or biologically significant
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
Page
G-l
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Glossary
receptors after crossing the outer boundary of an
organism. The potential dose is the amount ingested,
inhaled, or applied to the skin. The applied dose is the
amount of a substance presented to an absorption barrier
and available for absorption (although not necessarily
having yet crossed the outer boundary of the organism).
The absorbed dose is the amount crossing a specific
absorption barrier (e.g., the exchange boundaries of skin,
lung, and digestive tract) through uptake processes.
Internal dose is a more general term denoting the amount
absorbed without respect to specific absorption barriers or
exchange boundaries. The amount of a chemical available
for interaction by any particular organ or cell is termed the
delivered dose for that organ or cell.
Dose-response relationship - The resulting biological
responses in an organ or organism expressed as a function
of a series of doses.
Dry weight intake rates - Intake rates that are based on the
weight of the food consumed after the moisture content
has been removed.
Employer tenure - The length of time a worker has been
with the same employer.
Exposed foods - Those foods that are grown above ground
and are likely to be contaminated by pollutants deposited
on surfaces that are eaten.
Exposure duration - Total time an individual is exposed
to the chemical being evaluated.
Exposure Assessment - The determination or estimation
(qualitative or quantitative) of the magnitude, frequency,
or duration, and route or exposure.
Exposure concentration - The concentration of a chemical
in its transport or carrier medium at the point of contact.
Exposure pathway - The physical course a chemical takes
from the source to the organism exposed.
Exposure route - The way a chemical pollutant enters an
organism after contact, e.g., by ingestion, inhalation, or
dermal absorption.
Exposure scenario - A set of facts, assumptions, and
interferences about how exposure takes place mat aids the
exposure assessor in evaluating estimating, or quantifying
exposures.
Exposure - Contact of a chemical, physical, or biological
agent with the outer boundary of an organism. Exposure
is quantified as the concentration of the agent in the
medium in contact integrated over the time duration of the
contact.
Exposure duration - Length of time over which contact
with the contaminant lasts.
General population - The total of individuals inhabiting an
area or making up a whole group.
Geometric mean - The nth root of the product of n values.
Homegrown/home produced foods - Fruits and vegetables
produced by home gardeners, meat and dairy products
derived form consumer-raised livestock, game meat, and
home caught fish.
Inhaled dose - The amount of an inhaled substance that is
available for interaction with metabolic processes or
biologically significant receptors after crossing the outer
boundary of an organism.
Insensible water loss - Evaporative water losses that occur
during breastfeeding. Corrections are made to account for
insensible water loss when estimating breast milk intake
using the test weighing method.
Intake - The process by which a substance crosses the
outer boundary of an organism without passing an
absorption barrier (e.g., through ingestion or inhalation).
Intake rate - Rate of inhalation, ingestion, and dermal
contact depending on the route of exposure. For
ingestion, the intake rate is simply the amount of food
containing the contaminant of interest that an individual
ingests during some specific time period (units of
mass/time). For inhalation, the intake rate is the rate at
which contaminated air is inhaled. Factors that affect
dermal exposure are the amount of material that comes
into contact with the skin, and the rate at which the
contaminant is absorbed.
Internal dose - The amount of a substance penetrating
across absorption barriers (the exchange boundaries) of an
organism, via either physical or biological processes
(synonymous with absorbed dose).
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G-2
Exposure Factors Handbook
August 1996
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Glossary
Interzonal airflows - Transport of air through doorways,
ductwork, and service chaseways that interconnect rooms
or zones within a building.
Lifetime average daUy dose - Dose rate averaged over a
lifetime. The LADD is used for compounds with
carcinogenic or chronic effects. The LADD is usually
expressed in terms of mg/kg-day or other mass/mass-time
units.
Limiting Tracer Method (LTM) - Method for evaluating
soil ingestion diat
assumes that the maximum amount of soil ingested
corresponds with the lowest estimate from various tracer
elements.
Local circulation - Convective and adjective air
circulation and mixing within a room or within a zone,
Mass-balance/tracer techniques - Method for evaluating
soil intake that accounts for both inputs and outputs of
tracer elements. Tracers in soil, food, medicine and other
ingested items as well as in feces and urine are accounted
for.
Median value - The value in a measurement data set such
that half the measured values are greater and half are less.
Moisture content - The portion of foods made up by
water. The percent water is needed for converting food
intake rates and residue concentrations between whole
weight and dry weight values.
Monte Carlo technique - A repeated random sampling
from the distribution of values for each of the parameters
in a generic (exposure or dose) equation to derive an
estimate of the distribution of (exposures or doses in) the
populatioa
Occupational mobility - An indicator of the frequency at
which workers change from one occupation to another.
Occupational tenure - The cumulative number of years a
person worked in his or her current occupation, regardless
of number of employers, interruptions in employment, or
time spent in other occupations.
Pathway - The physical course a chemical or pollutant
takes from the source to the organism exposed.
Per capita intake rate - The average quantity of food
consumed per person in a population composed of both
individuals who ate the food during a specified time period
and those that did not.
Pica - Deliberate ingestion of non-nutritive substances
such as soil.
Population mobility - An indicator of the frequency at
which individuals move from one residential location to
another.
Potential dose - The amount of a chemical contained in
material ingested, air breathed, or bulk material applied to
the skin.
Precision - A measure of the reproducibility of a
measured value under a given set of circumstances.
Preparation losses - Net cooking losses, which include
dripping and volatile losses, post cooking losses, which
involve losses from cutting, bones, excess fat, scraps and
juices, and other preparation losses which include losses
from paring or coring.
Probabilistic uncertainty analysis - Technique that assigns
a probability density function to each input parameter,
then randomly selects values from each of the distributions
and inserts them into the exposure equation. Repeated
calculations produce a distribution of predicted values,
reflecting the combined impact of variability in each input
to the calculation. Monte Carlo is a common type of
probabilistic Uncertainty analysis.
Protected foods - Those foods that have outer protective
coatings that are typically removed before consumption.
Random samples - Samples selected from a statistical
population such that each sample has an equal probability
of being selected. ,
Range - The difference between the largest and smallest
values in a measurement data set.
Recreational/sport fishermen - Individuals who catch fish
as part of a sporting or recreational activity and not for the
purpose of providing a primary source of food for
themselves or for their families.
Representativeness - The degree to which a sample is, or
samples are, characteristic of the whole medium,
Exposure Factors Handbook
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Glossary
exposure, or dose for which the samples are being used to
make inferences.
Residential volume - The volume (mj) of the structure in
which an individual resides and may be exposed to
airborne contaminants.
Residential occupancy period - The time (years) between
a person moving into a residence and the time the person
moves out or dies.
Retail weight equivalent - Weight of food as sold through
retail fbodstores; therefore, conversion factors are used to
correct carcass weight to retail weight to account for
trimming, shrinkage, or loss of meat and chicken at retail
outlets.
Route - The way a chemical or pollutant enters an
organism after contact, e.g., by ingestion, inhalation, or
dermal absorption.
Sample • A small part of something designed to show the
nature or quality of the whole. Exposure-related
measurements are usually samples of environmental or
ambient media, exposures of a small subset of a
population for a short time, or biological samples, all for
the purpose of inferring the nature and quality of
parameters important to evaluating exposure.
Screening-level assessments - Typically examine
exposures that would fall on or beyond the high endof the
expected exposure distribution.
Sensitivity analysis - Process of changing one variable
while leaving the others constant to determine its effect on
Ihe output. This procedure fixes each uncertain quantity
at its credible lower and upper bounds (holding all others
at their nominal values, such as medians) and computes
the results of each combination of values. The results
help to identify the variables that have the greatest effect
on exposure estimates and help focus further information-
gathering efforts.
Serving sizes - The quantities of individual foods
consumed per eating occasion. These estimates may be
useful for assessing acute exposures.
Soil adherence - The quantity of soil that adheres to the
skin and from which chemical contaminants are available
for uptake at the skin surface. f
Subsistence fishermen - Individuals who consume fresh
caught fish as a major source of food.
Test weighing - A method for estimating breast milk
intake over a 24-hour period in which the infant is
weighed before and after each teeding without changing its
clothing. The sum of the difference between the measured
weights over the 24-hour period is assumed to be
equivalent to the amount of breast milk consumed daily.
Total tapwater - Water consumed directly from the tap as
a beverage or used in the preparation of foods and
beverages (i.e., coffee, tea, frozen juices, soups, etc.).
Total fluid intake - Consumption of all types of fluids
including tapwater, milk, soft drinks, alcoholic beverages,
and water intrinsic to purchased foods.
Tracer-element studies - Soil ingestion studies that use
trace elements found in soil and poorly metabolized in the
human gut as indicators of soil intake.
Uncertainty - Uncertainty represents a lack of knowledge
about factors affecting exposure or risk and can lead to
inaccurate or biased estimates of exposure. The types of
uncertainty include: scenario, parameter, and model.
Upper percentile - Values at the upper end of the
distribution of values for a particular set of data.
Uptake - The process by which a substance crosses an
absorption barrier and is absorbed into the body.
Variability - Variability arises from true heterogeneity
across people, places or time and can affect the precision
of exposure estimates and the degree to which they can be
generalized. The types of variability include: spatial,
temporal, and inter-individual,
Ventilation rate (VR) - Alternative term for inhalation rate
or breathing rate. Usually measured as minute volume,
i.e. volume (liters) of air exhaled per minute.
Volume of exhaled air (Vy - Product of the number of
respiratory cycles in a minute and the volume of air
respired during each respiratory cycle (tidal volume, VT).
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Exposure Factors Handbook
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