EPA/600/R-92/026
March 1992
ERL-DuIuth
Spotlight
on
Research
1991
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, Minnesota 55804
-------
-------
EPA/600/R-92/026
March 1992
ERL-DVLUTH
SPOTLIGHT ON
RESEARCH
1991
Compiled by
Strategic Communication Council
Participating Members:
Robert Drummond
Gary Glass
Evelyn Hunt
Roger LePage, AScI
Anne Pitti, CSC
Barbara Sheedy, AScI
Diane Spehar, AScI
Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects
Office of Research and Development
US. Environmental Protection Agency
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
-------
DIRECTOR'S PERSPECTIVE
The Environmental Research Laboratory at Duluth (ERL-D) conducts research to
advance our fundamental understanding of aquatic toxicology and freshwater ecology. Its
mission is to develop the science needed by EPA in creating environmental policies for use
of freshwater resources.
This laboratory has been generating research data to help prevent or solve water
pollution problems since its inception in 1967. The staff has produced over 800
peer-reviewed scientific papers and technical reports. These data have been used to
establish water quality criteria and advisories, and to develop predictive models to help
prevent adverse effects in our freshwater ecosystems.
Over time, the problems have become more complex and there is greater urgency
for answers based on scientific findings. Research managers and technical specialists
need to be informed and kept up-to-date on both new findings and the problems currently
under investigation. This repository of information highlights many of our research
activities. Organizational structure and contacts according to area of expertise are also listed.
-i-
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESEARCH AREAS
Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk (ASTER) 1
Biotechnology 2
Contaminated Sediments Research
Quality criteria 3
Remediation 4
Ecosystem Response 5
Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Program (EMAP) 6
Global Climate 7
Great Lakes Research
Overview 8
Chemical effects 9
Mathematical models 10
Introduced Species H
Nonpoint Source Characterization 12
Point-Source Discharges/Effluent Characterization 13
Risk Assessment
Carcinogenicity 14
Gill exchange model 15
Predictive toxicology 16
Special marine studies 17
Water Quality Criteria 18
Watersheds 19
Wetlands 20
RELATED ACTIVITIES
American Indian Program 21
Community Involvement 22
Cooperative Agreements 23
International Exchange 24
Research Seminars 25
Science and Environmental Education 26
Organizational Structure 27
Recent Publications 28
-11-
-------
"*
Assessment Tools for the Evaluation of Risk
(ASTER)
ASTER was developed by ERL-D to assist regulators in
performing ecological risk assessments. ASTER is an integration of
the AQUIRE (AQUatic toxicity Information REtrieval) toxic effects
database and the QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships)
system, a structure activity-based expert system. ASTER is designed to
provide high quality data for discrete chemicals when available in the
associated databases and QSAR-based estimates when data is lacking.
ASTER is currently available to governmental agencies through the
U.S. EPA National Computing Center. Training is available and
consists of a brief overview and hands-on computer access to the
ASTER system.
For more information please contact
Christine Russom, FTS 780-5709.
-1-
-------
Biotechnology
One of our goals is to develop single species test protocols.
This year we completed twelve separate protocols for exposing
fish and invertebrates to a zoospore producing fungus, Lagenidium giganteum.
The zoospores of this fungus attach, bore through the cuticle and kill mosquitos
by growing within the body cavity. Each protocol is in a standard format of
numbered paragraphs and designed to 'stand alone1 in then* use.
The protocols contain information to conduct a successful exposure including
examples of data sheets and timetables. The procedures were based on actual
tests with Lagenidium and those data are included in each set.
Contrary to our earlier work with a spore-based bacterial insecticide,
non-target animals were affected by the fungi. We found that effect
concentrations (LC50) on non-target zooplankton were about 25 times
higher than those for the targeted mosquito.
For more information contact
Dick Anderson, FTS 780-5616
-2-
-------
Contaminated Sediments Research -
Quality Criteria
Guidelines for deriving Sediment Quality Criteria (SQC) are
being examined to validate the ability of predictive EPT (equilibrium
partitioning theory) relationships to protect benthic communities.
Tissue residue/toxicity relationships are being studied to establish cause
and effect tissue concentrations to aid in the verification of SQC and the
development of food chain models.
To perform reliable assessments of contaminated sediments for
regulatory/remediation activities it is necessary to have standard methods
such as bioaccumulation protocols and toxicity tests. ERL-D is
developing test methods for contaminated sediments using three species:
the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, the chironomid, Chironomus tentans,
and the oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus. Some of the reasons for
choosing these species include: a) ecological relevance, b) ability to
assess acute and chronic toxicity endpoints, and c) ease of
culturing and handling. ERL-D also is developing toxicity
identification evaluation procedures for sediments to
\ pinpoint contaminants responsible for toxicity in
samples that theoretically, could contain
''"' thousands of different chemicals.
For more information please contact
Gary Ankley, FTS 780-5603.
-3-
-------
Contaminated Sediments Research -
Remediation
Mineral processing techniques developed by the mining
industry for the concentration of iron ores, nonferrous ores, and
industrial minerals are being applied to develop a viable treatment flow
sheet for the remediation of contaminated sediments in the Great Lakes.
The ultimate objective is to reduce the cost of remediation by decreasing
the volume of clastic material that would require rigorous treatment
such as encapsulation, incineration, or permanent impoundment.
\
I 1
For more information please contact
. ^ . Douglas Kuehl, FTS 780-5511.
-4-
-------
Ecosystem Response
We have recently developed and refined the
littoral enclosure design and protocol for testing the effects \
of pesticides and other toxic compounds in natural aquatic ecosystems. \
Littoral enclosures are a mesocosm system designed to provide ecosystem |
effects information for use in the pesticide registration process. |
Littoral enclosures are also being used to provide statistically valid
ecosystem effects data for the development and testing of the Littoral Enclosure
Risk Assessment Model (LERAM). The LERAM, developed from the
Comprehensive Aquatic System Model (CASM), has predicted the effects
observed in studies of littoral ecosystems exposed to different pesticide
concentrations, and has provided risk assessments for each exposure level.
In addition, LERAM provides information which can be used to design
and evaluate field studies.
\
For more information please contact
Richard Siefert, FTS 780-5552 or
Frank Stay, FTS 780-5542
-5-
-------
Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Program
(EMAP)
The EMAP-Great Lakes Program goals are to estimate status and
trends of ecological conditions of Great Lakes with known confidence, to
monitor indicators of pollutant exposure and habitat conditions, to seek
associations with ecological conditions, to evaluate long-term effectiveness of
management actions, and to provide periodic statistical summaries and
interpretive reports.
For more information please contact
Steven Hedtke, FTS 780-5610.
-6-
-------
Global Climate
Our long- term objective is to predict the nature,
degree, and significance of global climate change effects on
freshwater fisheries. Initial research activities are focused on
developing models for translating meteorological conditions associated
with a doubling of CO2 levels in the atmosphere into changed water
quality conditions and fisheries resources. A procedure for estimating
regional effects of climate change on water temperature, thermal structure,
dissolved oxygen, and fishes has been developed.
Effects of acid rain on aquatic biota of a warmwater lake community to
alternate year reductions in pH are being studied. Effects on all major biotic
components, system processes, and water quality conditions are being examined
through both extensive field monitoring, ancillary lab and in situ experiments.
Results will be used in the development of models to predict acid deposition
impacts.
Since precipitation was determined to be the major source of
mercury, sites were selected to establish regional mercury deposition
patterns on a state-wide scale in Minnesota. All of these sites (except
Duluth) were chosen to be co-located with other acid precipitation
sampling efforts (major ions) for comparison purposes. This
knowledge could lead to an understanding of mercury sources
to the atmosphere as well as indicating zones of high ..,../'
deposition requiring more attention, particularly
from the standpoint of fish consump- -v"" |
* '*-. tion advisories. , .'/>- I
For more information please contact
John Eaton, FTS 780-5557.
-7-
-------
Great Lakes Research - Overview
Our research efforts in and around the Great Lakes are
varied and extensive. We are developing models that relate the
sources and quantities of chemicals to the lakes to concentrations in
water, sediment, and biota. Model predictions are then used to determine
the effectiveness of alternative control strategies. The primary site for this
research has been Green Bay. However, we are also developing preliminary
models for Lake Ontario and Lake Michigan. Eventually we will have planning
level models completed for all the lakes and even a model that connects the lakes.
The planning models by their nature possess much uncertainty because of
the lack of specific process rate information and data. Plans are underway to
conduct research to better understand physical, chemical, and biological process
rates and to improve model relability.
As various models and databases are produced, we are archiving them
for application in a Geographic Information System (GlS)-based "Lakes
Analysis Management System." Eventually this system will be used by
Great Lakes managers and researchers to immediately access and
display data and model results.
Related research involves the mapping of
sediment in three dimensions using the facilities of
the R/V Mudpuppy.
-*4k
x
For more information please contact
William Richardson, FTS 378-7600.
-8-
-------
Great Lakes Research - Chemical Effects
Distribution of contaminants in Green Bay phytoplankton and
zooplankton is under investigation. Analysis of phytoplankton and
zooplankton samples indicated that the spatial distribution of two
persistent organic contaminants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and
dieldrin, were distinctly different in Green Bay. PCB concentrations were
high in the lower Fox River and exhibited a decreasing gradient to outer
Green Bay; conversely, dieldrin exhibited an increasing pattern toward the
outer bay. These patterns were observed for both phytoplankton and
zooplankton for all seasons. These findings suggest different management
and remedial strategies for the two contaminants, as dieldrin may be an
historical contaminant.
Ft
For more information please contact
Russell Kreis, Jr., FTS 378-7615.
-9-
-------
Great Lakes Research - Mathematical Models
The development of mass balance models of water quality has
been a principal focus of the Great Lakes Research Program. The
models synthesize scientific understanding of processes affecting transport,
distribution, and fate of contaminants in aquatic systems. Predictions of a
mass balance model for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Saginaw Bay,
Lake Huron, have been verified using data collected ten years after the model's
development. The collected data show PCB concentrations declining by 80%
in the water column and by 40% in the sediment over the period 1979-1989.
This corresponds to a period of time in which PCB loadings to the bay, were
dramatically reduced. Model predictions for the water column agreed
well with the data; however, the decline in sediment PCB concentrations
was overpredicted. This deficiency has been overcome by the
development of special sediment traps. The post-audit of the
Saginaw Bay PCB model indicates the potential utility of
mass balance models to predict long-term transition in
toxic chemical concentrations in response to
loading reductions.
*dA^pi
For more information please contact
Douglas Endicott, FTS 378-7613.
-10-
-------
Introduced Species
In response to the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and
Control Act of 1990, with funding under the Clean Water Act, EPA is
conducting and supporting research on introduced species through ERL-D. This
research is focused on understanding how the attributes of successful
invaders and vulnerable ecosystems interact to produce ecosystem effects.
Successful invaders undergoing study at ERL-D include the zebra mussel
(Dreissena pofymorphd) and a fish species, the ruffe (Gynmocephalus cernud),
which currently is found only in Western Lake Superior, near Duluth, MN,
and Thunder Bay, Ontario. Vulnerable ecosystems being studied or considered
include the Great Lakes and rivers and streams throughout the continental
United States. Ecosystem effects studied include effects on nutrient cycling
and eutrophication, contaminant transfer and cycling, trophic relations and
habitat or biodiversity degradation.
For more information please contact
J. David Yount, FTS 780-5752.
-11-
-------
Nonpoint Source Characterization
We have initiated a new project to determine the impact
of agrichemicals on aquatic life. This project will fulfill certain
objectives of EPA's Midwest Agrichemical Surface/Subsurface
Transport and Effects Research (MASTER) Plan that outlines research
needs for the Walnut Creek Watershed located near Ames, Iowa and
the western corn belt ecoregion.
The U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of Agriculture
Management Systems Evaluation Areas (MESA) Program has emphasized
research on the transport and fate of selected agrichemicals and effects on
water. However, the ecotoxicological effects associated with varying
farming systems and agrichemical loadings have not been addressed to
date. The general goals of the proposed research at ERL-D will be to
develop fate and ecotoxicological cause-and-effect information for
typical classes of agriculture chemicals found in the surface waters of
the midwest corn belt. This information should assist in developing
diagnostic procedures and predictive techniques to describe their
impacts on the well-being of aquatic life and to assess the
environmental benefits of different ecosystem restorative
techniques or alternate farm management systems.
f-~3
For more information please contact
A. Ron Carlson, FTS 780-5523.
-12-
-------
Point-Source Discharges / \
>> Effluent Characterization
5-
A combined effort between ERL-D and the Office of
Wastewater Enforcement and Compliance (OWEC) has resulted in a
finalized version of EPA's guidance for "Assessment and Control of
Bioconcentratable Contaminants in Surface Waters." This guidance
presents procedures for identifying, assessing, and controlling chemicals
which cause chemical residues in fish and shellfish by bioconcentration
and/or bioaccumulation processes.
To predict the aquatic toxicity of hazardous waste constituents, models
are being developed that are applicable to diverse exposure conditions
such as routes of exposure, bioavailability, and fluctuating concentrations
as well as procedures to predict toxicity of diverse hazardous waste
constituents and diverse aquatic organisms.
Another aspect of the effluent studies includes development of a
scientific basis to identify the cause of toxicity in industrial and
municipal effluents and development of toxicity test methods to
incorporate effluent toxicity limits in the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit process.
\
For more information please contact
Lawrence Burkhard, FTS 780-5554.
-13-
-------
Risk Assessment - Carcinogenicity
A small fish toxicity model is under development to validate the
use of small aquarium fish, such as the medaka, as models for assessing
health and environmental hazards posed by synthetic chemicals to provide
low-cost, biologically-based in vivo models for risk assessments.
A carcinogenicity bioassay has been used to examine the effects of
TCDD at low levels on the development of tumors in various tissues. An in
vivo carcinogenicity bioassay is also being developed using sediments
known to be contaminated.
For more information please contact
Rodney Johnson, FTS 780-5731.
-14-
-------
Risk Assessment - Gill Exchange Model
Knowledge of the accumulation of organic chemicals by
fish can be important in risk assessments. It provides necessary
exposure information for assessing risks to wildlife and humans
consuming the fish. A mathematical model for gill exchange was
developed based on the fundamental processes regulating exchange -
flows of water and blood to the exchange surface, diffusion of
chemical between the flows, and the speciation of the chemical
within the blood and water. The model was able to predict, almost
always within a factor of two, the uptake and elimination rates for
sets of chemicals with a wide range of hydrophobicity for both
large and small fish.
For more information please contact
Russell Erickson, FTS 780-5534.
-15-
-------
Risk Assessment - Predictive Toxicology \
Efforts at ERL-D have been initiated to address a variety of new
research and application issues associated with use of predictive toxicology
models in ecological risk assessments. In the field of environmental
toxicology quantitative structure activity relationships (QS ARs) have
developed as scientifically defensible tools for predicting toxic effects of
chemicals when little or no lexicological data are available. In the past,
application of these models has typically been on a chemical-by-chemical
basis.
Recentiy, however, ihere has been an increasing interesl in using these
models to rapidly screen, rank, and assess large lists of environmental
pollutants. This new phase of QSAR application is reflected by the
accelerating need in the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances to assess
existing chemicals and a variety of listing/delisting activities associated
with the new Clean Air Acl Amendments and Superfund activities.
Efforts are now under way to develop new software applications to
insure that QSAR technology can be readily applied to ''
these expanding activities. /»,/
For more information please contact
Steven Bradbury, FTS 780-5527.
-16-
-------
Risk Assessment - Special Marine Studies
ERL-D is recognized as a leader in fish toxicology, and the
monitoring and modeling of pollutants in the Great Lakes. Recently a
major research program has been established to study the effects of
environmental pollutants upon the survival of marine mammals. Analytical
procedures and rigorous quality assurance criteria, based upon mass
spectroscopy techniques, have been developed for these studies. The goal
of this work is to attempt to assess the role of environmental contaminants
in the deaths of marine mammals during the recent mass mortality event
which took place along the U.S. Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of Mexico.
For more information please contact
Douglas Kuehl, FTS 780-5511.
-17-
-------
Water Quality Criteria
Water quality criteria are derived to provide a sound risk assessment
approach for developing state standards. Both laboratory and field studies
are conducted to develop chemical specific freshwater and marine criteria
as part of EPA's toxics control strategy. Database analyses are used to
evaluate the integrity of minimum data sets and to define research needs to
improve the scientific underpinnings of criteria. Research on such specific
issues as chemical bioavailability, effects of fluctuating exposures, effects of
chemical mixtures, and lab-to-field extrapolations is conducted to address
exposure scenarios for use in conducting appropriate risk assessments of
aquatic ecosystems.
For more information please contact
Robert Spehar, FTS 780-5564.
-18-
-------
Watersheds
Integrated watershed assessment techniques are being
developed to provide a framework for assessing integrity in terms of
water quality trends, land use and habitat features, and their impact on
biological community structure and function. ERL-D has begun
cooperative studies with the States of Minnesota and Michigan to assess
the physical (habitat), chemical (surface water and sediment quality), and
biological (benthic) community characteristics in two watersheds dominated
by agricultural activities - the Minnesota and Saginaw River Basins.
Observations to date indicate that much of the present-day problems from
agriculture stem from nonpoint sediment and nutrient inputs. Information
gathered from these two studies will be incorporated with other river
basin data to develop diagnostic criteria to characterize watershed health.
This information can then be used by state regulators for watershed
goal-setting in terms of present and future uses and in planning
remediation or clean-up activities.
For more information please contact
John Arthur, FTS 780-5565.
-19-
-------
Wetlands
The overall goal of the wetland research project is to provide the
information needed to develop and evaluate management strategies for
protecting the ecological integrity of wetlands. A number of studies in
several types of wetlands are underway, or about to begin, on the effects of
environmental stressors such as chemical pollutants and physical disturbances,
on wetlands, and the functions wetlands perform in the landscape.
Field mesocosms are used to determine the response of wetland
processes and biota to controlled ranges of chemical concentrations or
conditions associated with a specific stressor. Empirical field studies are used
to compare "real world" wetland conditions and functions among small groups
of wetlands along a gradient of environmental stressors. Studies to take
place in the next five years include the responses of prairie pothole
wetlands to excess sedimentation, the effects of management practices
and nonpoint source pollution on bottomland hardwood forests, and
the effects of storm water on urban wetlands.
For more information please contact
William Sanville, FTS 780-5723.
-20-
-------
> j^» American Indian Program "x v
-. ***
^
^ """«* Over the past three years ERL-D's Human
^u* Resources Office, the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, and
the Center of American Indian and Minority Health have
/ established a positive working relationship. As a result of this
cooperative effort, several programs are in place and planned which
benefit American Indian students.
ERL-D's cooperative education program with the Ojibway School targets
kindergarten through senior high school students. The objective of this program is
to expose American Indian elementary students to science, thereby increasing their
interests. Internships for high school students and K-12 teachers are available to
foster interest in science, math, and bio-medical careers. Students and teachers
complete research projects over a four-week period each summer. ERL-D
hosts a program for undergraduate science and bio-medical students. This
program, through the Fond du Lac Reservation's Ni-Shou Gabawag grant, allows
students to work with research teams for ten hours per week during the school
year and full-time during breaks and summer vacations.
In the future, ERL-D welcomes the opportunity to support existing
programs as well as develop a pre-collegiate program with the Fond du /
Lac Community College. This community college is one of 27 ,;;
tribal colleges within the United States. Through continued
participation in these programs, ERL-D anticipates *;
producing a small, steady stream of American
Indian scientists in five years. , |
For more information please contact
Sherry Linder, FTS 780-5543.
-21-
-------
Community Involvement
The people at ERL-D are involved in many projects
that affect their lives and those of the community. For example,
R.E.A.P. (Recycle Everything and Anything Project) was
established in 1988 to provide a center for recyclable items at ERL-D
and to reduce the waste stream from the lab to the landfill. To date,
over 25 tons of recyclable glass, aluminum cans, tin cans, and white
paper have been gathered by R.E. A.P. volunteers.
Another effort at ERL-D involves the preservation of the natural
beauty of the area surrounding the facility. Set on the shore of Lake
Superior, the lab's grounds are beautified by a group called C.H.E.A.P.
(Committee Handling Environmental Aesthetics Project). This group has
transplanted trees and shrubs, and added bird houses to the property.
Volunteers at ERL-D maintain a section of a trail called the Lake
Superior Hiking Trail, which will extend 250 miles from Duluth to
Canada. One can imagine that maintaining a trail is some work and a lot
of fun.
For the Duluth area community, ERL-D periodically holds
an "open house." Most of the open houses take place during
anniversary celebrations or special events such as Earth ' ,'>"'
Day. The lab usually hosts between 1,000 and , - ->
5,000 visitors. ,;; -/ '' ;
For more information please contact
Robert Drummond, FTS 780-5733.
-22-
-------
Cooperative Agreements
Cooperative agreements are a result of the Federal Grant
and Cooperative Agreement Act of 1977 which established
government-wide criteria for distinguishing between federal
procurement and assistance relationships.
ERL-D has had approximately 50 cooperative agreements on-going at
one time during each of the past fifteen years. We anticipate that many more
cooperative agreements will be awarded next year with an even greater emphasis
being placed on competition. Many new areas of research have recently been added
to our program and many more are expected to begin this year. Among these are the
MASTER Program, exotic species (zebra mussel), EMAP, sediments, wetlands,
mass balance, and dioxin. Seventy-five percent of the new funds are expected to
go to universities off-site. The total project costs of on-going multi-year
cooperative agreements during FY91 for ERL-D was $18,422,244.
Generally, the advertisements for competitive awards for
cooperative agreements are solicited in the Commerce Business Daily.
Any eligible organization wishing to be on the ERL-D mailing list
for competitive cooperative agreements may contact Arlene
Shelhon (218) 720-5540.
For more information please contact
Arlene Shelhon, FTS 780-5540.
-23-
-------
International Exchange
In 1991 approximately 25 scientists from many countries of the
world visited ERL-D. These men and women spent days or weeks
interacting with ERL-D scientists. Some of the homelands represented
were Russia, Bulgaria, China, Denmark, France, and Korea.
ERL-D scientists traveled world-wide to share their expertise with
scientists in Thailand, Russia, Great Britain, Denmark, Holland, Belgium,
and Canada.
We at ERL-D are proud to be part of the world-wide scientific
community, and we expect this interaction to continue and to accelerate
in the coming years.
For more information please contact
Evelyn Hunt, FTS 780-5509.
-24-
-------
Research Seminars
ERL-D scientists and staff members gather regularly to listen to
seminars presented by their colleagues and other scientists from the
United States, Canada, and other countries. Scientists share their
accomplishments in their areas of interest and expertise. Local and area
researchers from other institutions also attend these interesting and
illuminating lectures.
In addition, scientists at ERL-D share their expertise by presenting
poster sessions and giving formal papers at symposia such as the Society of
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) and the American
Chemical Society.
For more information please contact
Evelyn Hunt, FTS 780-5509.
-25-
-------
Science and Environmental Education
Science education for area youth is very important to
the people at ERL-D. Scientists from ERL-D participate in
programs directed at exploring careers in math, science, health, and
technology. Others serve as judges, mentors, or special committee
members at science fairs.
We are actively promoting environmental education among area
elementary students and teachers. The lab hosts area teachers at aquatics
education workshops and we visit area schools using a traveling display to give
children "hands-on" experience in aquatic biology and chemistry. An
Environmental Stewardship Fund, a private fund, was formed at ERL-D. The goal
is to instill and promote environmental stewardship in all facets of our society
through environmental education.
Each year, scientists from ERL-D co-sponsor a research poster
session with the University of Minnesota Chapter of Sigma Xi. The
Stay-in-School Program allows students in high school and college to
be actively involved in laboratory and field research, to publish
scientific research papers, and to work in administrative areas.
More than 500 persons are given the opportunity
to learn more about ERL-D's research each year
through in-house tours.
9
For more information please contact
Robert Drummond, FTS 780-5733.
-26-
-------
D>
S
i
CO
LU
o
I
m
m
c
1
1
Q.
>.
je
2 .
o> w
g 8
3 §
ra
fl
O Q>
C &_
SI?
DC
O
00
O
DC
<
LU
C/)
LU
CC
o-g
II
ti
§1
3 n-
O TJ
« CO
LU
O
or
LU
i ro
S 3
o =
.O o
« g.
^s
2 «2
« Ł
S
§
in
0)
o
o
'55
CO
1
Q)
O
^3
B|
5«
o> _
1/~i
Ł 5P ~ *-"
Ł5 Q) ^> O
"5 75 -t^ o>
8 i "50
o 1°^"
^
> >
m CJ
2 E «
5 2 §
8sŁ"!
52S° !
fe
i- (0
2
m
.
1=
0
o
sal
yj
OT
§«
u
2 ."S
(N
tJ1^
l/~l
"S^S
S N
ss
"Ss
§2
«S 75
I'"3
$«
S Ł
(7. O,
00 CC
SŁ
I*
T3 f5
_w q^
S
CS
u
I3
'S
-------
RECENT PUBLICATIONS
Allen, K.N. 1991. Seasonal variation of selenium in outdoor experimental stream-wetlands
systems. In Press.
Amato, J.R., D.I. Mount, E.J. Durban, M.T. Lukasewycz, G.T. Ankley, and E. Robert. 1991.
An example of the identification of diazinon as a primary toxicant in an effluent. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem.
Ankley, G.T., J.R. Dierkes, D.A. Jensen, and G.S. Peterson. 1991. Use of piperonyl butoxide
in aquatic lexicological studies with organophosphates. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 21:266-274.
Ankley, G.T., K. Lodge, D.J. Call, M.D. Balcer, L.T. Brook, R.D. Johnson, P.M. Cook, R.G.
Kreis, A.R. Carlson, GJ. Niemi, R.A. Hoke, C.W. West, J.P. Giesy, P.D. Jones, and Z.C.
Fuying. 1991. Integrated assessment of contaminated sediments in the lower Fox River and
Green Bay, Wisconsin. In Press.
Ankley, G.T., G.S. Peterson, J.R. Amato, and JJ. Jenson. 1990. Evaluation of sucrose as an
alternative to sodium chloride in the microtox assay: Comparison to fish and cladoceran tests
with freshwater effluents. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 9:1305-1310.
Ankley, G.T., G.S. Peterson, M.T. Lukasewycz, and D.A. Jensen. 1990. Characteristics in
toxicity identification evaluations.- Chemosphere 21:3-21.
Ankley, G.T., G.L. Phipps, E.N. Leonard, D.A. Benoit, V.R. Mattson, P.A. Kosian, A.M.
Cotter, J.R. Dierkes, DJ. Hansen, and J.D. Mahony. 1991. Acid volatile sulfide as a factor
mediating cadmium and nickel bioavailability in contaminated sediments. Environ. Toxicol.
Chem. 10:1299-1307.
Ankley, G.T., M.K. Schubauer-Berigan, and J.R. Dierkes. 1991. Predicting the toxicity of
bulk sediments to aquatic organisms with aqueous test fractions: Pore water versus elutriate.
Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10:1359-1366.
Ankley, G.T., D.E. Tillitt, J.P. Giesy, P.D. Jones, and D.A. Verbrugge. 1991. Bioassay-
derived 2,3,7,8-tectrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalents (TCDD-EQ) in PCB-containing
extracts from the flesh and eggs of Lake Michigan chinook salmon and possible implications
for reproduction. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48:1685-1690.
Arthur, J.W. 1991. Minnesota rivers biological assessment study. Conservation Mentor
Newsletter, April, pp. 2-3.
Auer, N.A. and M.T. Auer. 1987. Evaluation of barriers to walleye egg and larval survival
in the lower Fox River, Wisconsin. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 2:93-101.
-28-
-------
Basak, S.C. and GJ. Niemi. 1990. Optimal characterization of structure for prediction of
properties. J. Math. Chem. 4:185-205.
Benoit, D.A., G.W. Holcombe, and R.L. Spehar. 1991. Guidelines for conducting early life
stage toxicity tests with Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). EPA-600/3-91/063. NITS,
Springfield, VA.
Bradbury, S.P. and G. Christensen. 1991. Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase by acetylenic
and allylic alcohols: Concordance with in vivo electrophile reactivity in fish. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 10:1155-1160.
Bradbury, S.P. and R.L. Lipnick. 1990. Introduction: Structural properties for determining
mechanisms of toxic action. Environ. Health Perspect. 87:181-182.
Brooke, L.T., D.J. Call, G.T. Ankley, TJ. Norberg-King, D.A. Benoit, and R.A. Hoke. 1991.
A short-term method for estimating the chronic toxicity of sediment elutriates to the fish
Pimephales promelas. ERL-Duluth report to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Burkhard, L.P., EJ. Durban, and M.T. Lukasewycz. 1991. Identification of nonpolar
toxicants in effluents using toxicity-based fractionation with gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 63:277-283.
Burkhard, L.P. and D. Weininger. 1987. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls using
multiple regression with outlier detection and elimination. Anal. Chem. 59:1187-1190.
Carlson, A.R., G.L. Phipps, V.R. Mattson, P.A. Kosian, and A.M. Cotter. 1991. The role of
acid-volatile sulfide in determining cadmium bioavailability and toxicity in freshwater
sediments. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10:1309-1319.
Carlson, R.W. 1990. Ventilatory patterns of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) exposed to
organic chemicals with different mechanisms of toxic action. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.
95(C): 181-196.
Carpenter, S.R., T.M. Frost, D. Heisey, and T.K. Kratz. 1989. Randomized intervention
analysis and the interpretation of whole-ecosystem experiments. Ecology 70(4):1142-1152.
Cook, P.M., D.W. Kuehl, M.K. Walker, and R.E. Peterson. 1991. Bioaccumulation of
toxicity of TCDD and related compounds in aquatic ecosystems. Banbury Report 35:
Biological Basis for Risk Assessment of Dioxins and Related Compounds. Cold Spring
Harbor Laboratory Press 0-87969-235-9/91.
Dady, J., S.P. Bradbury, A. Hoffman, and D. Olson.
trout. Xenobiotica 21:1605-1620.
1991. N-Hydroxylation in rainbow
Denny, J.S., R.L. Spehar, K. Mead, and S.C. Yousuff. 1991. Guidelines for the culturing of
the Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). EPA-600/3-91/064. NTIS, Springfield, VA.
-29-
-------
DiToro, D.M., J.D. Mahony, DJ. Hansen, K.J. Scott, A.R. Carlson, and G.T. Ankley. 1991.
Acid volatile sulfide predicts the acute toxicity of cadmium and nickel in sediments. In Press.
DiToro, D.M., C.S. Zarba, DJ. Hansen, WJ. Berry, R.C. Swartz, C.E. Cowan, S.P. Paviou,
H.E. Allen, N.A. Thomas, and P.R. Paquin. 1991. Annual review. Technical basis for
establishing sediment quality criteria for nonionic organic chemicals using equilibrium
partitioning. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10:1541-1583.
Effler, S.W. and M.T. Auer. 1987. Optical heterogeneity in Green Bay. Water Resour. Bull.
23:937-941.
Endicott, D.D., W.L. Richardson, and D.M. DiToro. 1990. Lake Ontario TCDD modeling
report. In: Lake Ontario Bioaccumulation Study. Final Report. Chapter 8. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation, New York State Department of Health, and Occidental Chemical Corporation
(Eds.). 65pp.
Erickson, RJ. and J.M. McKim. 1991. A model for exchange of organic chemicals at fish
gills: Flow and diffusion limitations. Aquat. Toxicol. 18:175-197.
i
Glass, G.E., J.A. Sorensen, K.W. Schmidt, G.R. Rapp, Jr., D. Yap, and D. Fraser. 1991..
Mercury deposition and sources for the upper Great Lakes region. J. Water Air Soil Pollut.
56:235-249.
Gore, J.A., J.R. Kelly, and J.D. Yount. 1990. Application of ecological theory to
determining recovery potential of disturbed lotic ecosystems: Research needs and priorities.
Environ. Manage. 14:755-762.
Heinis, LJ. and M.J. Knuth. 1991. The mixing, distribution, and persistence of esfenvalerate
within littoral enclosures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. Li Press.
Hermens, J.L., S.P. Bradbury, and S.L. Broderius. 1990. Influence of cytochrome P450
mixed-function oxidase induction of the acute toxicity to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of
primary aromatic amines. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 20:156-166.
Hoffman, A.D., S.L. Bertelsen, and M.L. Gargas. 1991. An in vitro gas equilibration method
for determination of chemical partition coefficients in fish. In Press.
Hoke, R.A., J.P. Giesy, G.T. Ankley, J.L. Newsted, and J.R. Adams. 1990. Toxicity of
sediments from western Lake Erie and Maumee River at Toledo, Ohio, 1987: Implications
for current dredged material disposal practices. J. Great Lakes Res. 16:457-470.
Hunter, R., G. Niemi, A. Pilli, and G. Veith. 1990. Aquatic information and retrieval
(AQUIRE) database system. In: Computer Applications for Environmental Impact Analysis.
Proceedings of the Computer Workshop on Environmental Systems. Pillman, W. (Ed.).
International Society for Environmental Protection (ISEP), Vienna, Austria.
-30-
-------
Johnson, R.D., MJ. Mac, G.N. Stokes, J.E. Tietge, and Z. Buying. 1991. Tumors in
bullheads collected from the lower Fox River and Green Bay, Wisconsin. J. Great Lakes Res.
In Press.
Klump, J.V., J.L. Raster, and M.E. Sierszen. 1990. Mysis relicta assimilation of
hexachlorobiphenyl from sediments. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48:284-289.
Kuehl, D.W., G.T. Ankley, L.P. Burkhard, and D.A. Jensen, 1990. Bioassay directed
characterization of the acute toxicity of a creosote leachate. Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater
7:283-291.
Kuehl, D.W., B.C. Butterworth, J. Libal, and P. Marquis. 1991. An isotope dilution high
resolution gas chromatographic - high resolution mass spectrometric method for the
determination of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls: Application to fish and marine
mammals. Chemosphere 22:849-858.
Kuehl, D.W., L. Eisenschank., S. Naumann, R.D. Johnson, R. Regal, P. Barnidge, and J.M.
McKim, Jr. 1991. Comparison of nucleoside concentrations in blood of fish with and
without tumors. Bull. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. 46:713-719.
Kuehl, D.W., R. Haebler, and C. Potter. 1991. Chemical residues in dolphins from the U.S.
Atlantic coast including Atlantic bottlenose obtained during the 1987/88 mass mortality.
Chemosphere 22:1071-1084.
Lodge, K.B. and P.M. Cook. 1989. Partitioning studies of dioxin between sediment and
water: The measurement of Koc for Lake Ontario sediment. Chemosphere 19:439-444.
Lozano, S.J., S.L. O'Halloran, K.W. Sargent, and J.C. Brazner. 1991. Effects of
esfenvalerate on aquatic organisms in littoral enclosures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. In Press.
Martin, J.L., W.L. Richardson, and S.C. McCutcheon. 1991. Modeling studies for planning:
The Green Bay project. Water Resourc. Bull. 27(3):429-436.
McKim, J.M. and R.J. Erickson. 1991. Environmental impacts on the physiological
mechanisms controlling xenobiotic transfer across fish gills. Physiological Zool. 64(l):39-67
(February).
Nendza, M. and C.L. Russom. 1991. QSAR modeling of the ERL-D fathead minnow acute
toxicity database. Xenobiotica 21:147-170.
Newsom, L., D. Johnson, R. Lipnick, SJ. Broderius, and C.L. Russom. 1991. A QSAR
study of the toxicity of amines to the fathead minnow. Proceedings of the 4th International
Workshop on QSAR in Environmental Toxicology. In Press.
-31-
-------
Nichols, J.W., J.M. McKim, M.E. Andersen, M.L. Gargas, HJ. CleweU HI, and R.E.
Erickson. 1990. A physiologically based toxicokinetic model for the uptake and disposition
of waterborne organic chemicals in fish. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 106:433-447.
Nichols, J.W. and LJ. Weber. 1990. Lack of myoglobin function hi the isolated perfused
buffalo sculpin (Enophrys bison) heart. Can. J. Zool. 68:825-829.
Niemi, G.J., S.C. Basak, G.D, Veith, and G. Grunwald. 1991. Prediction of octanol/water
partition coefficient (K^) ushig algorithmically-derived variables. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
In Press.
Niemi, G.J., P. DeVore, N. Detenbeck, D. Taylor, A. Lima, J. Pastor, J.D. Yount, and RJ.
Naiman. 1990. Overview of case studies on recovery of aquatic systems from disturbances.
Environ. Manage. 14:571-587.
Norberg-King, T.J. 1990. Seven-day tests and chronic tests. Environ. Toxicol. Chem.
9:1435-1436.
Norberg-King, TJ., J.A. Amato, D.I. Mount, D.A. Jensen, and J. Thompson. 1991. Toxicity
identification evaluation: Characterization of chronically toxic effluents, Phase I. EPA-600/6-
91/005. NTIS, Springfield, VA.
Norberg-King, T.J., E.J. Durban, G.T. Ankley, and E. Robert. 1991. Applications of toxicity
identification evaluation procedures to the ambient waters of the Colusa Basin Drain,
California. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10:891-900.
Norberg-King, T.J., D.I. Mount, E.J. Durban, G.T. Ankley, L.P. Burkhard, J.R. Amato, M.T.
Lukasewycz, M.K. Schubauer-Berigan, and L. Anderson-Carnahan. 1991. Methods for
aquatic toxicity identification evaluation. Phase I. Toxicity characterization procedures.
(Second edition). EPA-600/6-91/003. NTIS, Springfield, VA.
Russom, C.L., E.B. Anderson, B.E. Greenwood, and A. Pilli. 1991. ASTER: An integration
of the AQUIRE database and the QSAR system for use in ecological risk assessments.
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on QSAR in Environmental Toxicology. In
Press.
Sanville, W. 1991. Criteria to protect wetland ecological integrity. Proceedings of the Water
Quality Standards for the 21st Century, Second National Meeting. In Press.
Schubauer-Berigan, M.K. and G.T. Ankley. 1991. The contribution of ammonia, metals and
nonpolar organic compounds to the toxicity of sediment interstitial water from an Illinois river
tributary. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 10:925-935.
Schubauer-Berigan, M.K. and G.T. Ankley. 1990. The contribution of ammonia, metals and
nonpolar organics to the toxicity of pore water from an Illinois river sediment. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 10:925-939.
-32-
-------
Schultz, R. and R. Hermanutz. 1990. Transfer of toxic concentrations of selenium from
parent to progeny in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. 45:568-573.
Sierszen, M.E. 1990. Variable selectivity and the role of nutritional quality in food selection
by a planktonic rotifer. Oikos 59:241-247.
Sierszen, M.E., H.L. Boston, and MJ. Horn. 1991. Zooplankton population dynamics in
experimentally toxified pond ecosystems. Verh. Limnol. 24:1517-1521.
Sierszen, M.E. and T.M. Frost. 1991. Selectivity in suspension feeders: Food quality and
the cost of being selective. Arch. Hydrobiol. In Press.
Snarski, V.M. 1990. Interactions between Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and
fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, under laboratory conditions. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 56:2618-2622.
Stephan, C.E. 1989. Topics on expressing and predicting results of life-cycle tests. In:
Aquatic Toxicology and Environmental Fate: llth Volume. ASTM STP 1007. Suter, G.W.,
n and M.A. Lewis (Eds.). American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA.
pp. 263-272.
Tillitt, D.E., G.T. Ankley, D.A. Verbrugge, J.P. Giesy, LP. Ludwig, and T.J. Kubiak. 1991.
H4IIE rat hepatoma cell bioassay-derived 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents
(TCDD-EQ) in colonial fish eating waterbird eggs from the Great Lakes. Arch. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 21:91-101.
Tillitt, D.E., J.P. Giesy, and G.T. Ankley. 1990. Characterization studies of the H4IIE rat
hepatoma cell bioassay for use in the analysis of planar halogenated hydrocarbons (PHHs) in
environmental samples. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25:87-92.
Veith, G.D. and S.J. Broderius. 1990. Rules for distinguishing toxicants that cause type I
and type II narcosis syndromes. Environ. Health Perspect. 87:207-211.
Wiener, J.G., R.E. Martini, T.B. Sheffy, and G.E. Glass. 1990. Factors influencing mercury
concentrations in walleyes in northern Wisconsin lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 119:862-870.
Yount, J.D. 1991. The Eco-invaders. EPA Journal 16(6):51-53.
Yount, J.D. 1991. Ecology and management of the zebra mussel and other introduced
aquatic nuisance species. To be published in Proceedings of EPA Reports, Office of
Research and Development, February. EPA/600/3-91/003.
Yount, J.D. and GJ. Niemi. 1990. Recovery of lotic communities and ecosystems following
disturbance: Theory and application. Environ. Sci. Technol. 14:547-569.
-33-
-------
* Also see:
The Environmental Research Laboratory - Duluth: Bibliography of Research Products
in the Fields of Freshwater Ecology and Toxicology 1967-1990. EPA/600/3-90/071.
NTIS, Springfield, VA.
-34-
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1992-648-003/40728
------- |