OXYGEN TRANSFER EFFICIENCY  SURVEYS AT THE
            JONES  ISLAND TREATMENT  PLANTS
                     1985  -  1988
                          bv
                    Read Warriner
       Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District
             Milwaukee, Wisconsin  53204
          Cooperative Agreement No.  CR812167
                   Project Officer

                  Richard C.  Brenner
Water and_Hazardous Waste Treatment Research Division
        Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory     '.
               Cincinnati, Ohio  45268
        RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
         OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND  DEVELOPMENT
        U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
               CINCINNATI, OHIO  45268

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                            DISCLAIMER


     Development of the information in this report has been
funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under
Cooperative Agreement No. CR812167 by the American Society of
Civil Engineers.  The report has been subjected to Agency peer
and administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA
document.  Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                             FOREWORD


     Today's rapidly developing and changing technologies and
industrial products and practices frequently carry with them the
increased generation of materials that, if improperly dealt with,
can threaten both public health and the environment.  The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)  is charged by Congress with
protecting the Nation's land, air, and water resources.  Under a
mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to
formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance
between human activities and the ability of natural systems to
support and nurture life.  These laws direct EPA to perform
research to define our environmental problems, measure the
impacts, and search for solutions.

     The Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory is responsible for
planning, implementing, and managing research, development, and
demonstration programs to provide an authoritative, defensible
engineering basis in support of the policies, programs,' and
regulations of EPA with respect to drinking water, wastewater,
pesticides, toxic substances, solid and hazardous wastes, and
Superfund-related activities.  This publication is one of the
products of that research and provides a vital communication link
between the researcher and the user community.

     As part of these activities, an EPA cooperative agreement
was awarded to the American Society of Civil Engineers ;(ASCE) in
1985 to evaluate the existing data base on fine pore diffused
aeration systems in both clean and process waters, conduct field
studies at a number of municipal wastewater treatment facilities
employing fine pore aeration, and prepare a comprehensive design
manual on the subject.  This manual, entitled "Design Manual -
Fine Pore Aeration Systems," was completed in September 1989 and
is available through EPA's Center for Environmental Research
Information, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 (EPA Report No. EPA/625-1-
89/023).  The field studies, carried out as contracts under the
ASCE cooperative agreement, were designed to produce reliable
information on the performance and operational requirements of
fine pore devices under process conditions.  These studies
resulted in 16 separate contractor reports and provided critical
input to the design manual.  This report summarizes the results
of one of the 16 field studies.


                        E. Timothy Oppelt, Director    :
                        Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
                               111

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                             PREFACE


     In 1985, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded
Cooperative Research Agreement CR812167 with the American Society
of Civil Engineers to evaluate the existing data base on fine
pore diffused aeration systems in both clean and process waters,
conduct field studies at a number of municipal wastewater
treatment facilities employing fine pore diffused aeration, and
prepare a comprehensive design manual on the subject.  This
manual, entitled "Design Manual - Fine Pore Aeration Systems,"
was published in September 1989 (EPA Report No. EPA/725/1-89/023)
and is available from the EPA Center for Environmental Research
Information, Cincinnati, OH  45268.

     As part of this project, contracts were awarded under the
cooperative research agreement to conduct 16 field studies to
provide technical input to the Design Manual.  Each of these
field studies resulted in a contractor report.  In addition to
quality assurance/quality control  (QA/QC) data that may be
included in these reports, comprehensive QA/QC information is
contained in the Design Manual.  A listing of these reports is
presented below.  All of the reports are available from the
National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22161 (Telephone:  703-487-4650).

1.   "Fine Pore Diffuser System Evaluation for the Green Bay
     Metropolitan Sewerage District" (EPA/600/R-94/093) by J.J.
     Marx

2.   "Oxygen Transfer Efficiency Surveys at the Jones Island
     Treatment Plants, 1985-1988"   (EPA/600/R-94/094)  by R.
     Warriner

3.   "Fine Pore Diffuser Fouling:   The Los Angeles Studies"
     (EPA/600/R-94/095)  by M.K. Stenstrom and G.  Masutani

4.   "Oxygen Transfer Studies at the Madison Metropolitan
     Sewerage District Facilities" (EPA/600/R-94/096) by W.C.
     Boyle,  A. Craven, W. Danley,  and M. Rieth

5.   "Long Term Performance Characteristics of Fine Pore Ceramic
     Diffusers at Monroe, Wisconsin" (EPA/600/R-94/097) by D.T.
     Redmon, L.  Ewing, H. Melcer,  and G.V. Ellefsoh   ;

6.   "Case History of Fine Pore Diffuser Retrofit at Ridgewood,
     New Jersey" (EPA/600/R-94/098) by J.A. Mueller and P.O.
     Saurer

                               iv                     ;

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7.   "Oxygen Transfer Efficiency Surveys at the South Shore
     Wastewater Treatment Plant, 1985-1987" (EPA/600/R-94/099) by
     R. Warriner

8.   "Fine Pore Diffuser Case History for Frankenmuth, Michigan"
     (EPA/600/R-94/100) by T.A. Allbaugh and S.J. Kang

9.   "Off-gas Analysis Results and Fine Pore Retrofit Information
     for Glastonbury, Connecticut" (EPA/600/R-94/101) by R.G.
     Gilbert and R.C. Sullivan

10.  "Off-Gas Analysis Results and Fine Pore Retrofit Case
     History for Hartford, Connecticut" (EPA/600/R-94/105) by
     R.G. Gilbert and R.C. Sullivan

11.  "The Measurement and Control of Fouling in Fine Pore
     Diffuser Systems" (EPA/600/R-94/102)  by E.L. Barnhart and M.
     Collins                                          •

12.  "Fouling of Fine Pore Diffused Aerators:   An Interplant
     Comparison" (EPA/600/R-94/103) by C.R. Baillod and K.
     Hopkins

13.  "Case History Report on Milwaukee Ceramic Plate Aeration
     Facilities" (EPA/600/R-94/106) by L.A. Ernest    ;

14.,  "Survey and Evaluation of Porous Polyethylene Media Fine
     Bubble Tube and Disk Aerators" (EPA/600/R-94/104) by D.H.
     Houck

15.  "Investigations into Biofouling Phenomena in Fine Pore
     Aeration Devices" (EPA/600/R-94/107)  by W. Jans en1, J.W.
     Costerton, and H. Melcer

16.  "Characterization of Clean and Fouled Perforated Membrane
     Diffusers" (EPA/600/R-94/108) by Ewing Engineering Co.

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                             ABSTRACT


     Ceramic plate diffusers were among the earliest forms of
fine pore diffusers used for oxygen transfer in activated sludge
treatment.  They have been successfully used for over 60 years in
the Jones Island West Plant of the Milwaukee Metropolitan
Sewerage District and, since initial start-up, in the Jones
Islaind East Plant and the South Shore Plant.  Surveys of
performance of these diffusers in all three plants were included
in the EPA/ASCE Fine Pore Aeration Project.  This report presents
the results of off-gas sampling surveys carried our at|the
original Jones Island West Plant and in the newly rehabilitated
East Plant.  The West Plant basins were scheduled for
rehabilitation in 1989-90.

     Twenty-one (21) basin surveys were carried out in the West
Plant and 30 in the East Plant.  For the West Plant basins,  which
contained the original ceramic diffusers with 15 feet of
submergence, installed in 1923 and 1924, the median value of
standardized oxygen transfer efficiency, alphaF(SOTE),  was 11.8%.
For the East Plant basins, which contained diffusers with 14 feet
of submergence, installed in 1983, the median value of
alphaF(SOTE) WAS 15.3%.

     Cleaning history was noted for each basin at the time of
each off-gas survey.  An effect of time-in-service since cleaning
on oxygen transfer efficiency was not documented by these
surveys; however,  there was an indication that short-term
improvement occurred in the East Plant.  Since alpha is unknown
and varies widely between surveys, and possibly during surveys,
it is difficult to separate alpha effects from fouling (F)
effects on oxygen.transfer efficiency.  For the most part,
extended periods of basin operation have no measurable•effect on
performance.

     This report was submitted in partial fulfillment of
Cooperative Agreement No. CR812167 by the American Society of
Civil Engineers under subcontract to the Milwaukee Metropolitan
Sewerage District under the partial sponsorship of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency.  The work reported herein was
conducted over the period of 1985-1988.
                              VI

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                             CONTENTS


Foreword	       iii
Preface  	  ..........  ±v
Abstract	        	vj_
l^res	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.  'viii
Tables	.......  ix
Acknowledgements	'.'.'.'.   x

Introduction	.  .  .  .	. . 1
     Survey Program	.'.'.'.'.'. 1
Conclusions	'	'.'"'' 3
     East  Plant  .  	  ........ 3
     West  Plant	\  \  \ [  '  [ \ 4
Recommendations	   5
Treatment  Plant Descriptions   	  .......... 6
     East  Plant  .  	  ......... 6
     V7est  Plant	]  [  .  .  . .  .     8
Conduct  of the Surveys	'.'.'.  ]  ......  10
     Off-Gas  Survey Methods  	  ........  10
           East Plant	'.'.'.'.  10
           West Plant	  . .  .  .  11
     Aeration Basin Operation	[  ]  ]  11
           East Plant   	  ...........  11
           West Plant	'.'.'.'.'.''  12
     Treatment Plant Operation	  12
     Presentation of Survey Data	  . .      13
Survey Results   .....  	  !!!!!!!!!  16
     East  Plant  .	  .  .  .  .        16
     West  Plant	•	 ..\  27
           Diurnal Study	  . I  .  .  27
           Collection Hood Orientation	*  *  "  32
Discussion .	  .  .        33
     East  Plant  	  ........  33
     West  Plant  	  .........  33

References	     .34
Appendices                                   •-.......
     A.  Overall Plant Data Form, East Plant	35
     B.  Overall Plant Data Form, West Plant   ........  44
     C.  Additional West Plant Operation Data  ....." 1  ."."  53
                                 via.

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                             FIGURES
Number

  1     Layout and Dimensions of the North and South Passes
           of East Plant Tank Number 6  ......... ... 7
  2     Layout and Dimensions of West Plant Tank Number 6 ... 9
  3     Sample Report Format Used for East Plant Off Gas
           Survey Data  ... ....... .........  14
  4     Sample Report Format Used for West Plant Off Gas
           Survey Data  .........  ..........  15
  5     Oxygen Transfer Efficiency and Dissolved Oxygen
           Concentration in East Plant Basin No. 6,  May 22,
           1987.   .......  ...... .........  21
  6     Oxygen Transfer Efficiency and Dissolved Oxygen
           Concentration in East Plant Basin No. 6,  May 28,
           1987 ....... .... ......... ......  22
  7     Oxygen Transfer Efficiency and Dissolved Oxygen
           Concentration in East Plant Basin No. 6,  November
           12, 1987 .....................  24
  8     Oxygen Transfer Efficiency and Dissolved Oxygen
           Concentration in West Plant Tanks 6 and 16 .  . .  .  30
  9     Diurnal Test Results for West Plant Tank 16  on
           September 2 and 3, 1986  .....  ...... .  .  31
                           viil

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                              TABLES


Number                                                •

  1     Summary of East Plant Oxygen Transfer Survey Data . .  17
  2     Supplementary Air Flow Rate Data for East Plant
           Oxygen Transfer Surveys  	 	 .  is
  3     East Plant Secondary Treatment Nitrogen Data  ....  19
  4     Operating Conditions and Oxygen Transfer Efficiency
           Survey Results for East Plant Basin 6  ......  20
  5     Oxygen Transfer Measurements at the Inlet, With a
           Low Oxygen Uptake Rate, in East Plant Basin 6  . .  25
  6     Oxygen Transfer Measurements at the Inlet, With a
           High Oxygen Uptake Rate, in East Plant Basin 6 . .  25
  7     Oxygen Transfer Measurements at the Outlet in East
           Plant Basin 6	  26
  8     Summary of West Plant Oxygen Transfer Survey Data . .  28
  9     Secondary Treatment Nitrogen Data for the Jones
           Island Plant for the West Plant Survey Data  ...  29
 10     Averaged Results for the West Plant Hood Position Test 32

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                        ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


The involvement of engineering co-op students from Marquette
University and the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee was
indispensable for this project.  They are (in chronological order
of participation):  Robert Dumke, Michael Mitchell, Tom Raasch,
Rockne Elgin, Robert Harley, Robert Carroll and Mark Wang. Their
eagerness, excellent suggestions, and unflagging interest are
gratefully acknowledged.

Larry Ernest, who was at  that time Manager of Central Laboratory
Services, was principal investigator at the inception;of this
project and a provider of  encouragement and valuable advice
throughout its course.                                        .

Operations and Maintenance staff of the Jones Island Wastewater
Treatment Plant provided  valuable guidance and logistical support
from start to finish.  Thanks are also in order to Lloyd Ewing
and Dave Redmon of Ewing  Engineering Company for their continuing
support and guidance.

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                           INTRODUCTION


Ceramic plate diffusers were among the earliest forms of fine
pore diffusers used for oxygen transfer in activated sludge
treatment.  They have been successfully used for over sixty years
in the Jones Island West Plant of the Milwaukee Metropolitan
Sewerage District (MMSD) and, since initial start-up/ in the
Jones Island East Plant and the South Shore Plant.  Because of
this record, surveys of current performance of these diffusers in
all three activated sludge plants were included in the EPA/ASCE
Fine Pore Diffuser Project.  This report presents the results of
off-gas sampling surveys carried out in the original Jones Island
West Plant and in the newly rehabilitated East Plant.  The West
Plant basins are scheduled for rehabilitation in 1989-90.

The present Jones Island Plant treats a dry weather flow of
approximately 100 MGD with 70 MGD going to the East Plant and 30
MGD to the original West Plant.  Aeration basins in both plants
are equipped with one foot square diffuser plates assembled in 9-
plate containers.  However, the diffusers in the West Plant are
the original fused silica plates installed in 1923 and; 1924.
They are one and a half inches thick, and the containers are
placed across the' direction of basin flow in a ridge and furrow
configuration.  In the East Plant the diffuser material is a
mixture of alumina and silica, and the diffusers are one-inch
thick with the containers arranged in a longitudinal, full floor
coverage pattern.  These diffusers were installed when the plant
was rehabilitated in 1983.  Diffuser submergence for the West
Plant was 15 feet, and for the rehabilitated East Plant it is 14
feet.
SURVEY PROGRAM                               	 .--.-,	

Oxygen transfer efficiency surveys in the East Plant were made on
15 test days between August 30, 1985 and June 1, 1988.  Both
north and south passes of the basin were surveyed on each test
date.  Since the East Plant aeration basins were not included in
the original EPA/ASCE Fine Pore diffuser Project, a testing
program was not laid out in advance.  Instead, surveys were
conducted in response to requests from Operations staff.  In 1985
and 1986, surveys were conducted in four different basins.
However, Basin 6 was tested on 10 of the 15 survey days.  Since
Basin 6 was cleaned only in June, 1985 and June, 1988, the survey
record provided an opportunity to monitor diffuser performance as
a function of time in service.  In addition to full basin
surveys, special studies were carried out in Basin 6 on the
influence of air flow rate on zero-DO OTE under process

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conditions.  This normalized value for basin efficiency is known
as alphaF(SOTE).

In the West Plant a program was planned to include twenty surveys
of West Plant basins.  Originally, five basins were to be tested
four times each over a two-year period; however, due to a
cleaning program in progress when off-gas surveys were scheduled,
only five or six basins were normally available for testing.
Since different basins were available at different times, the
off-gas survey program had to be changed to include those basins
that could be tested at the times equipment and personnel were
available.  None of the basins could be tested in all four of the
test periods.

Following the April, 1986 Contractors' meeting, two additional
surveys in the West Plant were added to the program. : The first
was a one-time investigation of the effects of collection hood
placement patterns on observed oxygen transfer efficiency.  The
second was a 24-hour survey with hourly OTE observations for two
hood stations in basin No. 16.                       ;

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                            CONCLUSIONS


 Overall  average  values of alphaF(SOTE)  were  higher  in  the  East
 Plant  than  in  the  West Plant.   The  difference was probably due  in
 part to  the fact that all the  West  Plant  basins  tested were
 equipped with  the  original  diffuser plates that  had been
 installed in 1923-24.  The  East Plant  diffusers  were installed  in
 1983.  Since the West Plant  is scheduled  for complete
 rehabilitation with  installation of new diffuser plates, much
 maintenance has  been deferred.   The tank  surface revealed
 boiling,  indicative  of damaged or poorly  maintained diffusers.
 Another  difference between  the plants  was in the layout of
 diffusers,  a ridge and furrow  pattern  in  the West Plant and a
 longitudinal pattern in the  East Plant.

 While many  factors potentially contributed to differences  in
 oxygen transfer  efficiency between  the  two plants,  the mean
 values for  alphaF(SOTE) of 3.6% per meter of depth  for the East
 Plant and 2.7% per meter for the West  Plant  were both  considered
 representative of  excellent  fine pore  diffuser performance for
 highly loaded municipal activated sludge  plants  (1).   It is
 noteworthy  that  data obtained  in 1964,.  for East Plant  basins
 equipped  with  square diffusers  in a similar  longitudinal grid,
 showed almost  the  same average  zero DO  efficiency of 3'. 4%  per
 meter of  depth (2).  Another conclusion applicable  to  both plants
 was tht  time-in-service since  diffuser  cleaning had no
 discernible  effect in alphaP(SOTE).


 EAST PLANT                                            ;

 1.  The  flux weighted alphaF(SOTE)  values obtained  from 30 Jones
    Island East  Plant aeration  basin surveys on 15  test days
    ranged from  11.4% to 19.2%  with a mean value of 15;. 4%.  (The
    mean  for 20  surveys in Basin  6  was  15.6%.)        I

 2.  The mean sludge age for the  East Plant for the  15  test days
    was 3.8 days with a range of  2.3 to 5.3  days.  The mean F/M
    ratio was 0.65 day L,  with a  range of 0.32 to 0.97 day ~^.
    No relationship was found between process OTE values and
    sludge age or F/M ratio.

3.  During the second and  third years following diffuser cleaning
    in Basin 6, with no primary sedimentation to reduce the waste
    load, the oxygen transfer capability,  as measured by the off-
    gas method, was unchanged.

4.  In two side-by-side trials, tapering the air supply had
    little effect on the overall rate of oxygen transfer.

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5.  At the basin inlet, under conditions of high potential oxygen
    uptake rate and very low dissolved oxygen, the oxygen
    transfer efficiency was constant over a large range of'air
    flow rate.


WEST PLANT

1.  The flux weighted alphaF(SOTE) values obtained from 21 West
    Plant aeration basin surveys ranged from 6.6% to 15.6% with a
    mean value of 11.7%  (The median was 11.8%.)

2.  The mean and the median sludge age for the West Plant for the
    21 test days in the_study period was 3.3 days.  The mean F/M
    ratio was 0.82 days -1.   (The median was 0.63 days"71.)

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                         RECOMMENDATIONS


1.  Since a prominent characteristic of the aeration basins in
    both treatment plants is large diffuser areas and low air
    flux rates, further attention should be directed to this
    variable.  The effect of diffuser surface area on performance
    should be investigated and should be examined separately from
    the effect of air flux rate.

2.  Since the effects of wastewater characteristics (alpha) and
    fouling (F) may have quite different effects on operating
    costs, an attempt should be made to separate these two
    phenomena.  This could be done, for example, by comparing a
    freshly acid cleaned basin and a long time-in-service basin
    side-by-side, by comparing a week-end (low BOD loading)
    survey with a mid-week survey, and by surveying a basin with
    mixed liquor feed temporarily cut off.

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                   TREATMENT PLANT DESCRIPTIONS


Detailed  information  concerning  the historical  records,  aeration
basin and process air supply designs, and  the operation  of both
plants are presented  in a  report by Ernest  (3)  on  the  operating
history of the Milwaukee Aeration Facilities as part of  the same
ASCE/EPA  project.


EAST PLANT

The East  Plant provides activated sludge treatment  for
approximately 75 MGD  of screened municipal  and  industrial
wastewater with 5-day BOD  of 300 mg/L.  Forty aeration basins are
operated  in pairs with the layout and dimensions shown in
Figure 1.  Part of the plant was constructed in 1935 and the
remainder in 1952.  Each pair of basins was operated as one
2-pass basin.  Various fine bubble diffuser types and  floor
coverages were employed, and, at times, severe  problems with
aeration  capacity were experienced.  Extensive  investigations in
the 1960s (2) led to  the longitudinal, full floor coverage
patterns  of diffusers still used today.  In 1983, the  basins were
rehabilitated with new diffuser plates and piping and :
improvements in the distribution of air to downcomers  and the
tank drainage.  The diffuser layout and the plate specifications
were essentially unchanged.  In June, 1985, the basins were
converted to single pass operation.

The diffusers are square ceramic plates, mixtures of alumina and
silca 12  inches square and 1 inch thick.  The permeabilities
range from 17 to 23.   The  plates are grouped by permeabilities in
ranges of 17-19, 20-21, and 22-23.  Each downcomer  is  fitted with
plates of only one range.  The plates are grouted into concrete
containers placed flush with the bottom of the  tank.   Each
container contains 9  plates and is connected at one end to a
1-inch diameter air pipe.  The containers are placed end to end
in the direction of the tank length, 32 containers  in  a row and 5
rows across the width  of the basin.  There are  1450 plates in
each basin, 2900 plates in each pair.

As shown  in Figure 1,  air  is supplied from downcomers  to 3
separate  zones in each basin.  Air flow to each zone is set
manually by a butterfly valve, but within each  zone there are no
orifices for control  of air distribution.  Each downcomer is
equipped with an orifice meter and the air flow corresponding to
the pressure drop is  read  from a portable flow  indicator.  A
permanently mounted orifice meter and flow indicator for each
pair of basins (6 zones)  provides a check on the sum of the
readings taken at the  separate zones.                 :

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   tone I

Process Air
Oomccaer
                            113.5 a
                                              2-7.
                            Zone 2
   Zone 3


NOT TO SCALE

0

o

1 dm.
1 rlW
0 • o >i
' 1
j> : o x"
_/^ ! Pa

j
t
Mixed 1
Li(?JOr 2.4m

        ~rr—^
        4.3
        J_\

                                             Process Air
                                             Qovnccaer
                           Section A  -
Figure 1.    Layout and dimensions of  the north and  south passes
             of East Plant  Tank No. 6.

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WEST PLANT                                            '

The Jones Island West Plant comprised two batteries of 12
aeration basins each.  All surveys for the fine pore diffuser
project were carried out in. the South Battery.  Recycle sludge
and screened sewage are combined to form the mixed liquor feeding
both north and south batteries.  The aeration basins are two-
pass; each pass is 222 feet long and 22 feet wide.  The water
depth is 15 feet to the surface of the plates.

Figure 2 shows plan and cross-section views of Basin Number 6
which was also the location of a four unit disk diffuser test
plenum that was installed and monitored during the course of
these surveys.

The air supply to each tank is metered through a single main that
divides into two downcomers, one feeding each pass as indicated
in Figure 2.  The air supply pipe runs along the center near the
bottom of each pass with take-offs to diffuser containers on
either side and along the center line.  Each container holds nine
plates.  The containers are placed in the bottom of the tank in a
ridge and furrow configuration, so that they lie across the
direction of flow except for one row that runs longitudinally
along the center of the tank floor parallel to the air supply
line.  All 12 aeration basins in the South Battery contain the
original Filtros silica plates, 12 inches square by 1-1/2 inches
thick with permeabilities of 9-10, that were installed in 1923
and 1924.  The total number of plates in each two-pass tank is
2348.

The aeration basins in the South Pass of the West Plant are
scheduled to be completely rehabilitated with new plates and air
piping as well as conversion from two-pass to single pass
operation before 1990.  Therefore, a significant amount of
maintenance has been deferred.  During the 1985/86 testing
periods, all of the tanks had one or more large boils
representing damaged plates or piping.  Furthermore, the operator
frequently experienced difficulty in getting sufficient air flow
to some of the tanks to keep a consistent positive dissolved
oxygen measurement at the three-quarter point where the Zullig DO
probe was located.  In an effort to correct this apparent fouling
problem, several tanks were taken out of service for acid
cleaning in,1985 and 1986.

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                        Jones Island - test Plant
                                Tank 16
L
9
                i— Process Air
                /    Domcoaer
                   - Access Kalk
                                   *
                           Flo*

                     Flw
    13
                         Test Plenm
                                           \
                                              Scale: I	i = 10 ft.
                               Plan View
',
\
5.5
*

*«—
1 1


Es
T~ "^
1 1 1 JK/
, //
—

-i 	 77 	 —


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                      CONDUCT OF THE SURVEYS


 OFF-GAS SURVEY METHODS

 The MMSD purchased  an  "Aerator-Rator,  Mark IV"  off-gas analyzer
 from Ewing Engineering  Company  in  June,  1985.   This  provided the
 opportunity to use  the  off-gas  method  for measurement  of oxygen
 transfer efficiency as  described by Redmon,  et  al.  (4).   The off-
 gas monitoring unit was used with  two  gas collection hoods,
 designed and built  by Ewing Engineering  Company.  The  hoods,
 constructed of fiber glass and  PVC pipe  reinforcing, each had a
 collection area of  dimensions 2 feet by  16.5 feet or 33  square
 feet.   The volume under the hood was approximately 30  cubic  feet
 and depended on the hood position  in the mixed  liquor.   The
 connection between  each hood and the Aerator-Rator was made  with
 50  feet of 1-1/4 inch vacuum cleaner hose.

 Carbon  dioxide content  in the off-gas  was measured using a Dwyer
 CO, indicator.  The Aerator-Rator  came equipped with a drying
 column,  so humidity data were not  collected for either off-gas or
 reference air.  At  least two gas samples were collected  for  CO.,
 determination  for every collection hood  position.  Mixed liquor
 dissolved oxygen concentration  was also  measured at  every
 collection hood station using YSI  dissolved oxygen meters and
 field probes.   Readings were taken at  depths of approximately
 four feet and  ten feet  and averaged..   These two readings rarely
 varied  by more  than 0.1 mg/1.


 East Plant

 Before  an East  Plant tank was surveyed,  12 test stations were
 located  at  equal distances along the length.  With a hood
 collecting  off-gas from 33 square  feet at each  station,  the  total
 area sampled was 396 square feet or five percent of tank surface
 area.   For  the  East Plant surveys,   north and south passes  were
 tested  on the same day with one collecting hood in each  pass and
 the Aerator-Rator set up between the two passes.  Stations were
 sampled  in  sequence from the inlet  to  the outlet, alternating
 between  the north and south passes.  At  each station, ;the  hood
 was positioned  lengthwise across the width of the tank,
 approximately in the center,  and secured with ropes.   As  soon as
 a station was sampled,  the hood was moved to the next location
while a measurement was completed  for  the adjacent tank.

The traverse from inlet to outlet  for both passes usually
 required  6 hours.   The  average  time on a station was 15 minutes,
with the oxygen sensor  millivolt output  recorded for the  latter
half of that period. After  data for a station were  recorded, the
hood was moved immediately to  the next station where about' 20


                                10

-------
minutes elapsed before off-gas readings were started., These
readings were recorded at one-minute  intervals, and the data were
accepted when 4 readings had been obtained within a range not
exceeding 4 millivolts.


West Plant

For a West Plant survey, 15 test stations were located at
approximately equal intervals along the length of the'tank.  With
a hood collecting off-gas from 33 square feet at each station,
the total area sampled was 495 square feet or five percent of
tank surface area.  The hoods were positioned lengthwise across
the width of the tank, except at the  turning point (Station 8)
where the hood was halfway between the baffle and the endwall,
along the direction of flow.  The West Plant tanks are laid out
in pairs with the second pass of one  tank sharing a common wall
with the first pass of the other tank.  Therefore, the off-gas
analyzer could be used from only one  side of the tank.  Hood
placements in the pass away from bhe  operator had to be made by a
team member in a boat.  Hooks that could be moved from position
to position had to be constructed so  that ropes from the hoods
could be secured as required.

For the West Plant surveys, testing began in the morning at the
turning point.  One hood was then moved along each pass.  The
final readings were taken about six hours later at the furthest
upstream and furthest downstream positions in the tanks
(stations 1 and 15).                                  I


AERATION BASIN OPERATION

East Plant

Screened wastewater is combined with  return sludge and conveyed
in an aerated channel approximately 450 feet to the East Plant
basins.  Each of the 20 pairs of basins has a common tieadworks.
The split in mixed liquor flow between the north pass .and the
south pass is partly controlled by weir elevations at the
discharge end and is intended to be exactly even.  A dye test
carried out shortly after the start of single-pass operation in
1985 showed that the flow in the south pass of Basin 6 was about
10 percent higher than the flow in the north pass.  The mixed
liquor in the feed channel travels about 1200 feet from Basin 1
to Basin 20.  Measurements of dissolved oxygen and oxygen uptake
rate at intervals along the feed channel have shown that a
fraction of the waste load is removed in the channel, 'but the
extent of this treatment has not been measured.
                                11

-------
 The inlet zone of  each  pass  is  about 25 percent larger than the
 second or the third  zone,  but  the density of diffuser plates is
 the same.  Usually,  during off-gas OTE surveys  air flows to the
 zones were adjusted  to  provide  the same air  flow rate per
 diffuser throughout  the tank; however, in some  cases  air flow was
 tapered (i.e., more  air was  added in the first  zone).  During a
 survey, air flow to  the basin was kept constant.   Mixed liquor
 flows varied only  slightly (usually within plus or minus 10%).


 West Plant

 For West Plant tanks both  air flow and mixed liquor flow were
 manually controlled.  Mixed  liquor flow varied  diurnally,  but
 variation did not  exceed 25  percent of average  flow during a
 test.   Air flows varied even less and  were manually adjusted to
 keep them within about  10  percent of the average  for  the test
 period.


 TREATMENT PLANT OPERATION

 Measurements  of screened sewage  5-day  BOD and mixed liquor
 suspended solids were obtained from plant monthly  reports
 providing analytical data  from 24-hour  composite  samples and
 operations data based on the same 24-hour periods.  Nitrogen data
 were all compiled  from  plant monthly reports and based  on  24-hour
 composite samples  of screened sewage and final  effluent.
                                                      I
 Sludge  is wasted at the Jones Island West Plant through separate
 gravity  thickeners which are fed  mixed  liquor from aeration  tanks
 isolated for  this  purpose.    Sludge  wasting from the East Plant  is
 accomplished  by pumping return sludge across to the West Plant
 return  sludge  line.  This procedure  probably did not  affect  the
 West  Plant  OTE surveys  because none  of  the aeration basins used
 for  sludge  wasting was  included  in  the  study.  However,  the
 calculation of sludge age estimates  for  West Plant  was
 complicated by the inflow of East Plant  waste sludge  which would
 have  to  be  subtracted from the total sludge wasting for  the
 entire Jones  Island Plant.   Since the former can vary widely over
 24 hours,  such a calculation is questionable.  As  an  alternative,
 sludge age values  reported for the West  Plant are  those
 calculated for the entire plant by plant  operations staff  for the
monthly  data summary.  The  calculation  is based on  the  total
 solids inventory throughout the plant and the total solids
wasting  rate.  For  the East Plant surveys, on the other  hand, the
sludge ages reported are based on East Plant data  including
estimates of the solids in  the clarifiers and feed  channels.
                               12

-------
PRESENTATION OF SURVEY DATA

Survey data were recorded on the "Off-Gas Field Data Sheet"
(5).  The value of beta, the ratio of the saturation oxygen
concentration in process water to that in clean water, was
assumed to be 0.99 for all of the surveys.  The clean water
saturation values selected were 10.5 mg/1 for the 14-foot deep
East Plant aeration basins and 10.6 mg/1 for the West Plant
basins where the submergence was 15 feet (6).  An effective
saturation depth of 43% of submergence was assumed in obtaining
the pressure correction factor used to calculate the field
dissolved oxygen saturation value and the deficit or driving
force at each station.

A FORTRAN program was written to accept the data obtained from an
off-gas survey,  complete the required calculations,  and print a
report displaying the data and the calculated efficiencies for
each station as  well as flux weighted values for the field
efficiency (FOTE) and the standard efficiency for a  dissolved
oxygen concentration of zero, i.e.,  alphaF(SOTE). Figure 3 is an
illustration of  a survey summary report for the East Plant and
Figure 4 is an illustration for the West Plant.
                               13

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-------
                          SURVEY RESULTS
EAST PLANT

Fifteen pairs of surveys were  completed for the Jones Island East
Plant.  Table 1 is an overall  summary of test dates, test
conditions and flux weighted average field and standard OTE
values.  Also shown are tank cleaning information and sludge age
and loading estimates for  the  test dates.  In addition to
maintaining a constant air  flow  to the basin pair during an OTE
survey, the survey team also monitored the air flows in the six
downcomers (three in each  pass).  These zone air flows; were also
recorded and are shown in  Table  2.  Table 3 contains nitrogen
related data taken from plant  laboratory records for the 15 test
dates.  Detailed information concerning treatment plant
facilities and operation is included in the East Plant Overall
Plant Data Sheet (Appendix  A).                        •

Since 10 of 'the 15 surveys  in  the East Plant between August, 1985
and June, 1988, were conducted in Basin 6, Table 4 was prepared
to show the trends in performance of this basin.  Basin 6 was
hosed and acid cleaned in  June,  1985, the same month when the
East Plant aeration basins  were  converted from 2-pass to single
pass operation.

Tank 6 performance was evaluated in September, 1985, and
subsequently in 1986-88, as shown in Table 4.  AlphaF(SOTE)
varied between 14 and 17 percent, but showed no decrease with the
two years in service.  The  tank  was hosed and acid cleaned in
May, 1988.  Values of alphaF(SOTE) of 19 and 17 percent were then
obtained for the north and  south passes, respectively.  While
these efficiencies were higher than average for the previous
three years, one cannot, on the  basis of this one survey,
conclude the cleaning procedure  produced significant improvement.

During May, 1987, two surveys  were conducted in Basin 6 when the
air flow was set at a uniform  rate to all three zones in one pass
but concentrated in the first  zone in the other pass.  For the
higher air flow test (Fig.  5), the north pass with air; flow at a
uniform rate of about 1.3  scfm/diffuser had a flux weighted
alphaF(SOTE) value of 17 percent.  The south pass with! a tapered
air supply had a flux weighted alphaF(SOTE) value of 15
percent.  However, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the
South Pass rose more rapidly in  the first zone which may at times
be a desirable operating condition (e.g., as a possible means for
control of the growth of filamentous bacteria).

For the test with lower air flow (Fig. 6), the DO concentration
at the overflow from the basin with a uniform air supply was
                                16

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4/24/86
                                                 \o 
-------
                TABLE 2.  SUPPLEMENTARY AIR FLOW RATE DATA FOR EAST
                          PLANT OXYGEN TRANSFER SURVEYS
                                              Air Rate (1)
Date
8/30/85
9/04/85
9/19/85
9/24/85
4/22/86
4/24/86
10/07/86
10/22/86
10/27/86
10/28/86
5/22/87

5/28/87

7/14/87
11/12/87
6/1/88
Tank
18
6
6
18
3
17
6
18
6
6
6M
6S
6N
63
6
6
6

Zone 1
1250
750
960
750
700
840
3400
700
615
500
740
1080
820
540
675
570
600
scftn
Zone 2
750
500
710
500
430
570
(North and
500
520
400
590
420
290
,430
550
470
490

Zone 3
500
500
540
500
280
390
South)
400
490
350
580
410
280
420
545
460
480
                                                              scfta/diffuser
Zone 1
2.24
1.34
1.72
1.34
1.25
1.51
1.17
1.25
1.10
0.90
1.33
1.94
1.47
0.97
1.21
1.02
1 .08
Zone 2 Zone 3
1.67
1.11
1.58
1.11
0.96
1.27
(North and
1.1,1
1 . 1:6
0.89
1.31
0.93
0.6'4
0.96
1.22
1.04
1.09
1.13
1.13
1.22
1.13
0.63
0.88
South)
0.91
1.11
0.79
1.31
0.93
0.63
0.95
1.23
1.04
1.09
(1)   Unless otherwise indicated,  zone air  flows were  the  same for  the North Pass "
     and the South-Pass.   Numbers of plates  per zone  are  as  follows:   Zone 1  - 558
     Zone 2 - 450, Zone 3-442.                                                   '
                                            18

-------
          TABLE 3.  SECONDARY  TREATMENT  NITROGEN DATA FOR
                    EAST PLANT OXYGEN  TRANSFER SURVEYS
         Date
                 Screened Sewage
                       TKN
East Plant Effluent
TKN     NO2     NO3
8/30/85
9/14/85
9/19/85
9/24/85
4/22/86
4/24/86
10/07/86
10/22/86
10/27/86
10/28/86
5/22/87
5/28/87

7/14/87
11/12/87
6/01/88
37
40
38
43
—
39
24
—
24
25
41
50

38
48
47
5
7
7
8
10
12
5
5
7
8
6
8

9
12
12
0.6
1.4
1.9
1.3
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
j
0.5
0.1
0.1
3.4
4.1
2.2
2.7
0.2
0.2
3.7
2.2
2.4
1.2
0.2
0.1

0.9
0.1
0.1
All
values in mg/1;  (—)  denotes missing value.
                               19

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-------
                          EAST PLANT TANK 6 NORTH
                           TESTED ON MAY 22,1987
               O-JJ
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                                                      -7

                                                      -4
                                                        I
                                                        
-------
                           EAST PLANT TAN'K 6 NORTH
                            TESTED ON MAY 28,1987
                 OJI
                                                ZONE 3
               5
               S
                 o.io-
                0.0*-
                0.00
                     10  20  30  40  60  60  70  80  90 100  110
                              Tank Length (meters)
                0-J«
                0-JO
                          EAST PLANT TANK 6 SOUTH
                           TESTED ON MAY 28, 1987
                       ZONE 1         ZONE 2       ZONE 3
               o.o*
               0.00
                 0  10   20  30  40  60  eb  70  80  90 100  no"
                            Tank Length (meters)
Figure 6'.   Oxygen transfer efficiency and dissolved oxygen
            concentration  in Basin No.  6,  May 28,  1987.
Note:
Air  flow to each pass was  1390 scfm,  added uniformly in
the  south pass  at 0.96 scfm per diffuser and at 1.47,  0.64
and  0.63 scfm per diffuser in the first,  second and third
zones  of the north pass, respectively.
                                 22

-------
about 3 mg/L.  For  the  basin  with a tapered air  supply  it was
close to zero.  Several months  later,  when the same average air
flow rate of about  one  scfm per diffuser  was applied uniformly in
both passes during  a survey,  the OTE and  DO profiles were almost
identical for both  passes as  shown in  Figure 7.

Boyle (7) cited reports indicating decreased SOTE with  increase
in air flow per diffuser for  various types of fine bubble
diffusers.  This effect was investigated  for this diffuser system
by measuring alphaF(SOTE) for a range  of  air flows at a location
4_meters from the basin inlet (where oxygen uptake rate would not
limit oxygen transfer rate) and at a location 6  meters  from the
basin outlet (where oxygen uptake rate would probably;limit
oxygen transfer rate).  The results of two tests at the basin
inlet are shown in  Tables 5 and 6.   In both test series
alphaF(SOTE) was constant as  air  flow  per  diffuser increased.
There are several possible explanations for this finding.  SOTE
may have decreased  at the same  time as alpha increased.  A more
likely condition, given the absence of air flow  control orifices
to the individual containers, is  that  SOTE decreased for diffuser
plates in service,  but  previously inactive diffuser plates were
brought into service as air flow  to the zone increased.  This
could produce the overall result  that  alphaF(SOTE) stayed
constant.

At  the basin outlet alphaP(SOTE)  appeared  to be  constant for the
range of air flows  shown in Table 7.   Field oxygen transfer rate
and dissolved oxygen concentration  also increased.  While it is
possible that oxygen uptake rate  increased even  with DO
concentrations in the range of  3  to 6  mg/L,  additional test runs
will be needed to establish that  test  conditions were at steady
state during the measurements.
                                23

-------
                 0.2*
                 0.20
                 0.10-
                 0.0*-
                            EAST PLANT TANK 6 NORTH
                           TESTED ON NOVEMBER 12. 1987
                         ZONE1
                                                 ZONE 3
                    A	A——A.	A,	_aj	A	.£•
                                                         •I
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hi
  o
                   0   10  20  30  40  60  60   70  80  90  100  110
                                                         o Q
                              Tank Length (meters)
                OJO
              5
              &
                0.10
                0.0* -
                           EAST PLANT TANK 6 SOUTH
                          TESTED ON NOVEMBER 12,1987
                                                ZONES
                     10  20  30  40  60  60   70  80  90  100
                             Tank Length (meters)
Figure 7.   Oxygen transfer  efficiency and dissolved  oxygen
             concentration in Basin No. 6, November 12,  1987.

Note:   Air  flow to  each pass was 1.09 scfm per diffuser to all
        three zones.
                                 24

-------
       TABLE 5.  OXYGEN TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS AT THE INLET,
                 WITH A LOW OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE (1) ,
                 IN EAST PLANT BASIN 6
Air Flow
scfm/ft3
0.34
0.68
1.02
FOTR(2)
g/m3-hr
7
15
22
AlphaF(SOTE)
%
8
8
10
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/1
0.2
0.3
2.0
(1)  Wastewater 5-day BOD was 300 mg/1; mixed liquor volatile
    suspended solids concentration was 900 mg/1.

(2)  FOTR = field oxygen transfer rate.
       TABLE 6.  OXYGEN TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS AT THE
                 INLET, WITH A HIGH OXYGEN UPTAKE RATE (1),
                 IN EAST PLANT BASIN 6
Air Flow
scfm/ft3
0.38
0.76
1.11
1.43
1.76
FOTR(2)
g/m3-hr
10
22
33
37
42
AlphaF(SOTE)
%
10
• 11 	
11
10
9
Dissolved Oxygen
rag/1
0.1
"'•' 0.1
0.1
0.1
; 0.2
(1)  Wastewater 5-day BOD was 290 mg/1; mixed liquor volatile
    suspended solids concentration was 1700 mg/1.

(2)  FOTR = field oxygen transfer rate.
                                 2.5

-------
     TABLE 7:   OXYGEN TRANSFER MEASUREMENTS AT THE OUTLET  (1)
               IN EAST PLANT BASIN 6
Air Flow
scfm/ft3
0.42
0.68
1.02
FOTR(2)
g/m~-hr
12
17
19
AlphaF(SOTE)
%
14
. 16
15
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/1
3.3:
4.7;
5.8
(1)  Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concentration was  1200
    rag/1.                                             ;

(2)  FOTR = field oxygen transfer rate.
                                 26

-------
 WEST PLANT

 Twenty-one surveys were completed  for  the  Jones  Island  West
 Plant.   Table 8 is an overall  summary  of test  dates,  test
 conditions,  and flux weighted  average  field  and  standard OTE
 values.   Also shown are tank cleaning  information  and kludge  age
 and  loading  estimates for  the  test  dates.  Table 9 contains
 nitrogen related data taken from plant laboratory  records  for  the
 21 test  dates.   Detailed information concerning  treatment  plant
 facilities and operation are included  in the Overall  plant Data
 Sheet (Appendix B)  and in  the  monthly  averages of  analytical data
 for  Jones Island screened  sewage and of operating  data  for the
 West Plant activated sludge basins.  These latter  data  were
 compiled in  connection with the EPA/ASCE Interplant Fouling Study
 (Appendix C).                                         :

 Figure 8 shows  two of the  profiles  obtained, one in August, 1985,
 and  one  in August,  1986.   The  first showed a DO  concentration  of
 one  to three  mg/L throughout most of the basin,  while in the
 second the DO concentration never exceeded one mg/L.  The  flux-
 weighted standardized OTE  values were  nearly identical  (11.9 and
 11.8%).   The  form of the DO profile for the  1985 survey was quite
 unexpected for  a tank designed for plug flow.  In  fact, many of
 the  DO profiles observed were difficult to explain.   Conditions
 that contributed to these  results in many  of the surveys included
 one  or more of  the  following:

   1.  The survey schedule that sampled the middle of the  basin
       early  in the day and then moved both upstream  and
       downstream as the load increased.              :

   2.  Operator  determined changes in air  flows and mixed  liquor
       flows  while  surveys were in progress.

   3.  Severe boils  or gushers where plates or pipes were
       damaged,  starving the immediate vicinity  for air and
       causing  low  OTE for the air escaping at the boil.


Diurnal  Study

The  results of a  diurnal test at stations  2 and 14 are shown in
Figure 9.  The  test  ran from noon,  September  2, to noon,
September  3, 1986.   The air flow to the basin was maintained at
3000 scfm.  The dissolved oxygen profile was  nearly flat at less
than 0.2 mg/L throughout the 24 hours  at station 2, while it
varied between 1.0 and 2.5  mg/L,  probably in  response to plant
loading,  at station  14.

Since the collection hoods  were kept at fixed locations, changes
in alphaF(SOTE) were presumably the result  of changes in mixed


                               27

-------
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-------
     TABLE 9.   SUPPLEMENTARY SECONDARY TREATMENT NITROGEN
               DATA FOR JONES ISLAND PLANT FOR THE
               WEST PLANT SURVEY DATES
       Date
Screened Sewage
     TKN
                                     TKN
                                         Final Effluent
                          NH-
             NO.
                                                        NO-
     7/31/85

     8/12/85
     8/14/85
     8/20/85
     8/23/85
     8/27/85

    10/14/85

    11/04/85
    11/05/85
    11/07/85
    11/14/85

     5/02/86
     5/08/86
     5/13/86

     6/23/86
     6/25/86

     8/11/86
     8/12/86
     8/13/86
     8/19/86
     8/20/86
      34

      24
      41
      39
      38
      42

      35

      29
      34
      37
      30

      38
      34
      35

      24
      32

      27
      27
      29
      26
10

 5
 8
 5
 6
 6
 7
12
12
 7

12
11
14

 4
 5

 3
 5
 6
 3
 5
     0.4
       0.6
1
3
1
3
3
1.1
0.5
0.8
0.5
0.6
6.0
1.5
6.5
3.8
3.2
4
8
6
4

8
6
8

2
2

1
2
3
2
2
0.9

0.9
1.1
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.4

0.9
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.4
2.8

3.6
1.8
0.5
0.6
0.1  : 0.3
0.2   0.2
0.2.   0.1
8.8
1.5

4.6
0.9
0.9
1.7
1.3
All values in mg/L; {-) denotes missing value; during the study
period, no samples were collected for West-Plant'alone:.  Data in
this table apply to the entire Jones Island Plant.
                               29

-------
        OJO-
        o.w
        0.10-
       0.08-
       0.00-
                 JONES ISLAND WEST PLANT TANK 6
                     TESTED ON AUGUST 12,1985
                 [STANDARD EFHaENCYl
                              RELDEFHaENCrl |P«SSOtyg) OXYt^N
                                        A-
          0  10   20  ao  40  60   60  70   ao  M  100  110  120  130'
                                   (mtt»r»)
-4

-a

 2 '

-1

-0(
        0.20
                 JONES ISLAND WEST PLANT TANK 16
                    TESTED ON AUGUST 19,1986
          o  16   20  ao   40  eo   ao  TO   ao  ab I»B   io
       0.00
                          Tfenk Length (meters)
                                                       iao
Figure  8.   Oxygen  transfer  efficiency and dissolved  oxygen
            concentration  in West Plant Tanks  6 and 16.
                                30

-------
      O.M-1
      0.10
     O.M-
     O.M-
     0.04-
      o.os
     0.00

                  —I—
                  4
                            JONES ISLAND WEST PLANT
                                 DRJRNAL STUDY
                               TANK 16 STATION 2
                 Legend
                D 8TAMDAHD EPRqENCV
                o
                                                 A DI8$OtVEO OXY604
         NA-A-A-A-A-
                                       T
                                            T
                                 10    a    u
                                 Run Time (Houra)
                i
                18
—1—
 20
—I—
 22
                                                                      rl
                                                                      -OJ,
	-0

 24
 Noon
      O.M-1
                                 ISLAhD WEST PLANT
                                 DRJRNAL STUDY
                               TANK 16  SWTON14
     0.00'
        0
       Neo*
10    tt   M
Run Tims (Houra)
                                                 1*
20
           24
          Neo*
Figure 9.   Diurnal  test results for  West Plant Tank 16 on
             September  2  and  3,  1986.
                                   31

-------
liquor characteristics,  that  is,  alpha,  in response  to changes in
plant organic  loading.   Although  the  swing was  not dramatic,
there was an increase  in alphaF(SOTE)  beginning about 6:00 a.m.
at station 2 and 10:00 a.m. at  station 14, a  change  that was
consistent with the hydraulic residence  time  of about 4 hours
during the survey.                                    !


Collection Hood Orientation

On July 3, 1986, the effect of  the  pattern used for  the hood
locations was  tested in  a separate  set of  OTE measurements in the
downstream pass of Tank  20.   The  two  hoods were moved in tandem
in a "T" formation.  The lead hood  was positioned across the
direction of mixed liquor flow  (the pattern presently used) and
the trailing hood was positioned  in the  center  of the i tank along
the direction  of flow.   One hood  was  slightly ahead  of, and the
other slightly behind, the usual  test  locations for  Tank 20 in
the downstream pass.                                  '

Seven tank locations were tested  in this manner.  There was no
significant difference (P<0.05) for OTE  values,  but  the mean flux
rate for the cross-tank  position  was  nearly double the mean flux
rate; for the along-the-tank position.  The results are shown in
Table 10.  The applied air rate was approximately 0.12 scfm/sq
ft.  The most  likely explanation  for  the high flux rates measured
in the cross-tank orientation was the  presence  of severe boils at
two stations.

       TABLE 10. HOOD POSITION TEST AVERAGE RESULTS  FOR
                 THE WEST PLANT


       Hood Position        AlphaF(SOTE)        Flux  Rate
                                %               scfm/sq -ft. (1)

       Across Tank             10.5              0.207

       Along Tank              10.5              0.124
(1) The applied air flow rate was 0.122 scfm/sq ft
                                 32

-------
                             DISCUSSION


 The  standardization  of oxygen  transfer  efficiency under  process
 conditions,  alphaF(SOTE), has  been proposed  by  the ASCE  Oxygen
 Transfer  Committee for characterizing performance of  aeration
 basins  equipped  with fine pore diffusers  (1).   SOTE refers  to clean'
 water performance which  is unknown in this case.   Alpha  is  the
 ratio of  oxygen  transfer rate  under process  conditions to the rate
 in clean  water.  With time, diffusers operating underiprocess
 conditions may suffer fouling  and loss  of efficiency.: This effect
 is incorporated  in the modified transfer efficiency term,
 alphaF(SOTE).                                                       :


 EAST PLANT                                            '

 The  average  value of alphaF(SOTE) for all 30 East Plant  surveys was
 15.4% with a range of 11.4 to  19.2%.  For the East Plant tanks the
 average efficiency per meter of depth was 3.6%,  a very high value
 in comparison with the values  in the interim data base presented by
 Brenner and  Boyle (1).

 Among the operating  variables  presented in Table  1, sludge  age
 varied  from  2.3  days to 5.8 days, air flow from 1250  scfm (0.86
 scfm/diffuser) to 2500 scfm (1.72 scfm/dif fuser),  and !time  in
 service since previous cleaning from one month  to two and a half
 years.  The  influence of these variables on efficiency was  examined
 by applying  stepwise multiple  regression.  With a 5%  level  of
 significance, no statistical relationship was found between any of  •
 these 'variables  and  alphaF(SOTE).                     ',


 WEST PLANT         .

 The average value of  alphaF(SOTE) for 21 West Plant surveys was
 11.7% with a range of 6.6 to 15.6%.   For the West  Plant  tanks the
 average efficiency per meter of depth was 2.7% which, ,for a sludge
 age of 3.3 days, was  quite a good value in comparison with  the
 values in the interim data base presented by Brenner  and Boyle.
 This performance is  especially remarkable in view  of  the age of the
 diffusers of over 60  years.

Among the operating  variables presented in Table  8, sludge  age
 varied from 2.7  days  to 12 days, air flow from 1300 scfm (0.55
 scfm/diffuser) and 3300 scfra (1.41 scfm/diffuser), and time  in
 service since previous cleaning from 6 months to  nearly  5 years.     !
The influence of these variables on  alphaF(SOTE) was  examined by
applying stepwise multiple regression.   With a 5%  leveil  of
significance, no statistical relationship was found between any of
 these variables and alphaF(SOTE).                      ;
                                33

-------
                         REFERENCES


Brenner, R.C., and Boyle, W.C.,  "Status  of  Fine Pore Aeration
in the United States,"   In:  Proceedings of the lith United
States/Japan Conference  on Sewage Treatment Technology, EPA
600/9-88/010, NTIS No. PB88-214986,  U.S.  E.P.A. Cincinnati,
Ohio, 1988.                                       !

Leary, R.D., Ernest., L.A. and Katz,  W.J., "Full Scale Oxygen
Transfer Studies of Seven Diffuser Systems," Journal WPCF, 41-
459-473, 1969.	

Ernest, L.A. Case History Report on  Milwaukee Ceramic Plate
Aeration Facilities.  Study conducted under Cooperative
Agreement CR812167, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, U.S.
E.P.A., Cincinnati, Ohio (to be published).

Redmon, D.T., Boyle, W.C. and.Ewing  L.,  "Oxygen Transfer
Efficiency Measurements  in Mixed Liquor  Using Off-Gass
Techniques," Journal WPCF,  5_5:1338-1347, 1983.   :

Cooperative Agreement CR812167, Risk Reduction Laboratory, U.S.
E.P.A., Cincinnati, Ohio, Manual of  Methods for Fine Bubble
Diffused Aeration Field  Studies, Appendix A, July 1985.

Personal communication from David T. Redmon, Ewing' Engineering
Co.,  Milwaukee, WI September 27, 1985.            '•

Boyle, W.C. (Ed.) Summary Report:  Fine  Pore (Fine Bubble)
Aeration Systems, EPA/625/8/85/010.  Prepared by the American
Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Committee on Oxygen
Transfer, New York, 1985.
                             34

-------
                                     APPENDIX A
                         Section No.  Al.O
                         Ear is ion. No. 0
                         Data 7/23/25
                         Faga 7 of 13

EXHIBIT A.I:  OVERALL PLANT DATA SHEET
    BASED ON PREVIOUS TEAR OF RECORD

IS1nd
Plant Name. . . 1™??. .I.S.1An.d. .E.3.^ . H ???.  Locat ioa. . ."!!*§ .4?^. W.Uco.n^iQ . . .
                                             82                  145
Flow Througli Secondary Treataeat:  Average	MGD Max.Day.	iiGD


WASTEWAEER CHARACTERISTICS- BASED ON HONIHLI  AVERAGES
                                17.7             15 3              19 3
Temperature, deg. C:  Average      '         ""
5  day  BOD

COD  ^opt)

TSS

TDS

TEN

Total P

pH (aot ag/1)

Alialiaity*

Hardness*

Nitrate-N
RAW ]
Ave
293

212
772
31
4.9
7.3


—
[nflueat ngy
Mia
216

163
642
23
2.9
6.9


—
'1
Max
372

"304
928
36.9
7.0
7.6


—
Sao. Effl. ag/1
Are Mia Max
19.3 9.5 ; 17.2

..A3*? ..Pv.6. .:..!?, §.
752 628 ; 923.
7.7 . 3.7 . 11.7
.41 .23 ' .83
7.2 6.8 ; 7.6


2.3 .3 ; 4.7
•as caleiua caxbo&ate aq-oivalent             35

-------
                                      APPENDIX  A

                                                 Section AI.O
                                                 Revision No. 0
                                                 Date  7/23/85
                                                 Page  8  of 13

   PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM INCLUDING TANK SIZES AND RETURN FLOWS FROM SLUDGE PSOC.

                                                                     90,000
      Primary Sod. Area,  sq ft	 Final Clar. Area,  sq ft
                                  **                                    •  1R
      Aeration Tank Vol.  cu ft..	Aeration. Tank Water .Depth ft....
    ** During 1935/86, the number of West  Plant aeration basins  in service
       varied from 10 to 20,  depending on  total plant loading and the fraction
       taken by the East Plant.                                        '.
8AM
                                                         SEWERAGE COMMISSION
                                                           or im errr or tajmtxa
                                                     JONES SLAW WASTE WkTER TREATMENT (VAMT
          CXjDFttNATCW
          LAKE MICHIGAN
  MAJOR INDUSTRIAL WASTES- Averages
Brewing
                             5.9
                       .Flow	JfGD
                             2.8
                       .Flow	J{GD
                                             Vt  '  2-9
                                            .Flow	
                                   HGD
Machinery (including  plating)

Food

Tan?j.n?.	Flow..2.'.0...HGD

PaPf .r. ir.e.91cAe.d)	Flow. . /A . . JJGD
     1655
BOD ..... . ..ag/1
       42
BOD ..... i...mg/l
                                                                BOD...7.5.°...ag/l
                                          36

-------
                                       APPENDIX A



                                              Section No.  Al.O
                                              Revision No. 0
                                              Date 7/23/85
                                              Page 9  of 13

 RETURN FLOWS FBDM  SLUDGE PROCESSING- Averages

      Source        Flow MOD   BOD ng/1   TSS aj/l   TEN  ng/1    pfl
  Vacuum
  Filter  .Filtrate   2.6        220       450          --  .    3.5-4.5
  Sc'rubbVrVateV    	*	    "'"
                                  °       1200         -        6.8
  Notes:   Overflow from  gravity thickeners  is  discharged with  plant 'effluent.
  SCREENED  SEWAGE
 P8&te8»;£3F*l,gEHT CHARACTERISTICS- AVERAGE INCLUDING RETURN FLOWS

 Flow..5.7.;6... MOD    BOD..2.7.7	«g/l   TSS.. 2.25...ag/l  TEN...,.3.0... .ag/1 '

 TDS...-.-,;	ng/1   Oil and  Grease	:r....Bg/l


 PEOCESS PARAMETERS- Based on Averaga Conditions        +/- percent variability
                                                        max. nonti to nia. nonth
                                                              Min.        Max.

 Prinarr Overflow Rate,  gpd/sf	"	           V.	.."

 Aeration Detention Tiaa,  V/Q.	5;?	           4/.3.	7"2

 MLSS Concentration mg/1....	 ,24?.0...	           2.°.°.0	..3300

 Ratio.  1ILVSS/MLSS.	.'7?	           -.6.6.	 •77

 HLSS Inventory  Ib*		

 Solids  Wasting  Rate,  ib HLSS/da7..cAaiQt.&§.c?Jp.u.lated for We§t.P.lAa1;.4lone.

 Sludge  Volume Inde*... A°.6.	           5.9.......... 2°3

Recycle Ratio.  R/Q	;5?	           ;32         -48
                                          37

-------
                                     APPENDIX A
                                            Section No. Al.O
                                            Revision No.  0
                                            Data 7/23/85
                                            Page 10 of 13

 Sludge  Age,  Days*.Uottcs. Jones. J;;.lA[lct.P.Uat).3,5       2.7(mij\.X--»!4.6(n3ax.}

 F/M Ratio, per  d»y«W?s.t.Plan;t}_4 0^51	       0-37(m.VU).--Qt68(rnax.)
    (based  on MLVSS)


 *estimated clarifier  holdup  included in solids inventory

 AIE DIFFUSION SYSTEM:  For Each Tank Studied.  Tank Designation.S.oMIl .R35S .tanks  in
                                                                the West Plant
 Dif fiLsers, Type and Number, P?IW.lp. AUto .(£1 ItTPSJ. ". A-JA	:	
                           permeability,  2343 per basin.           ;
 Recommended  Air Rates for this Diffaser,  SCFM  Min.. 0SS	Max.J..9S	

 Typical Wet  Resistance for this Diffuser over the Rec.  Air Rate Rang,e

                                           at Min Rate       at Max Rate

     Orifice  Resistance, inches water   0ri.t!9?.!Jf?..1s 1-5  ^".9/165.	

     Clean Diffuser, inches water.
                                          These data unavailable  for  West. Plant.
    Dirty Diffuser, inches water-
          (if available)


Year InstalledA.9Zi/.24  , Submergence,  ft. .15	  Water Depth,  ft.3.5...

Cleaning Practice and History:	

                    Please see the plant  history report by         :

                    Larry Ernest.                                   :
Sketch of Diffuser Arrangement in Tank.   Give  Essential Dimensions for
Diffuser Spacing and Air Distribution Piping.  Indicate Tapering.
Begin with Downcomer.
                    Please see the plant history report by Larry Ernest.
                                      38

-------
                                    APPENDIX A
BLOTERS AND All SBPPLT PIPING

Blower   Type,  Braad,  Model
Namber
                                           Section Al.O
                                           Revision. No. 0
                                           Date 7/23/85
                                           P»|e 11 of 13
4

5
      Allis-Chalmers, VA904
                      leaz
                      I


                      1972
                      * * • • •
                      1972
     Allis-Chalmers, VA904     1972
        ***•••««•*•••«*•**•»••   **•••

     A1rs'VA90        72
                                           HP



                                         .5.5.QQ
                                          5500
                                         • • • • •
                                          5500
                                         » • • • *

                                          5500
 8PM



4,882
4,882
* • • « •
4,882
                                                           SOFM
                                                                    Op. Tiae
                                                                    Hr/Iear
                                                          ll.O^.O.O.O
                                                          110,000
                                                                    ..46.,
                                                                     5126
                                                          110,000
                                                           ••••••

                                                          110,000
                                                                    ^2682
                                                                    *••*•<
                                                                      939
                                ?? nnn
Total Installed Blower HP	"...".	   SC?K
lac lade the Eat lag Carre  for Each Blover if Available
             SEE  ATTACHED
Describe t&e Air  Filtratioa System:
 Air flow first goes  through a media type  roll  filter then goes through  a
 agglomerator  followed by a bag and cartridge  system before reaching compressor
 1 i i I " U •

SttpplKaeatal laformatioa oa Blower Drives
Drive
No*b"
2

3

4

5

6
Drive Type.  Braad. Model
Synchronous Motor
                                       Tear
                                               Desija
                                                1PM
                                                         HP at Desija 8PM
            Allis-Chalmers
                                      .I?7.2.   .1.'2.°.°.
                                      .1972.   l.,200.

                                       1972    1
                                                            .5500

                                                             550°
                                                             5500

                                                             5500
                                     39

-------
                    APPENDIX A
13 -
12 -
0
55 -11 -
0.
in 10 -
(X
3
5°
0°
•
''^-MODULATION VANEl
SETTING ANGLE (TYP)
I

-i\J ' * 	 - 	
CURVES BASED ON:
BAROMETER = 14.4 PS1A ; ;
c OOQ • INLET PRESSURE = 14.25 PSIA ;
5 000 •
4 000-
0.
ffi
3 000-
2,000-
1 ,000 -
'

NLET TEMPERATURE
GAS = AIR @ 45% R
SPEED = 4,880 RPM

1
i
I
f





^N
\

= 90° F
.H.
-^

\
-20°
j ^*—*-*
^,
\ '
-10°!
I
I
I
|


\
^0°



+5°


\
•
6° 70 80 90 100 110 120 13
                       INLET  VOLUME - ACFMxIO-'
Note: Curves based on' shop test dam.
                        40
FIGURE 1
ALL1S-CHALMERS
PAC CURVES

-------
                                   APPENDIX A



                                            Section No. Al.O
                                            Revision No. 0
                                            Date 7/23/85
                                            Page 12 of 13

 Typical  Blowers Used at Average Operating Conditions:

      Blower  Numbers	Total Horsepower	

      Measured Pressure at Blower Discharge, psi	^'A..'.	

      Measured Dynamic »et Pressure at Diffuser. psi	

      Nominal SCFK per Diffuser	

 Typical  Blowers Used at Maxian Operating Conditions:             '

      Blower  Numbers	1.....	Total Horsepower... .5.180	,

      Measured Pressure at Blower Discharge,  psi.. £.'A..	

      Nominal SCFM per Diffuser	
Describe Blover  Turndown  Capability...
       66520 scfm minimum output per blower
Describe Strategy Osed to Manage  Blowers.
Proride a Sketch Stowing tne Arrangement of Blowers and Transmission Piping.
If P««>*1«. Stow Sufficient Detail  so  that Friction Loss Calculation, Could
 v  »,        -   P* Slze*'  Lengths.  Control Valres and Nuaber of Bends fro.
the Blowers to the Aeration Tank*.
                         SEE ATTACHED
                                      41

-------
                                      APPENDIX A



                                              Section No. Al.O
                                              Revision No. 0
                                              Date 7/23/85
                                              Ptge 13 of 13           '

 Describe  the  Data Base  for Aeration Tank Dissolved Oxygen:

      Frequency  of Measurement .„. JWO. AT. .th.r.ee .tV5e$. P§C. $bj f Jt	

      Number of  Locations. .8 Wig. Pf. ?&W\A .B4« .13.§] t?rP?f P. &!»&..	

      Length of  Record
 Typical Aeration Tank D.O. Values
                               Maiimum              Minimum
 First Quarter

 Second Quarter             	A....           <<>>p	

 Third Quarter                     ....           .... 1......
 Fourth Quarter             	.5	            ....!..


 RESULTS OF PREVIOUS OXYGEN TRANSFER TESTS AT THIS PLANT
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
                                       42

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                                              Section No. Al.O
                                              Revision. No. 0
                                              Date 7/23/85
                                              Page 13 of 13

 Describe  the Data Base  for Aeration Tank Dissolved Oxygen:

      Frequency  of Measurement. . . JS». Pf. .three .times . per. Shift.. .....

      Number of  Locations ........ 9PP. Pg.r. .b.a.S.i.Q .(IJQCt!) . P??S. ppjyj ____ .........

      Length of  Record ........... 5 JJC.
 Typical Aeration Tank D.O. Values
                               Maximum              Mininum
                                      .-              m/1
 First Quarter              ..... 3 .....                 0

 Second Quarter             ..... 6 .....                 0

 Tiird Quarter              ..... ? .....           ..... }

 Fourti Quarter             ..... ? .....           ..... 3


 RESULTS OF PREVIOUS  OXIGEN TRANSFER TESTS AT THIS PLANT
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS
                                       43

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      81
     §i
     C i Q
3 »• 3 2

-------
                                 APPENDIX  B
                                            Saotioa No. Al.O
                                            Revision No. 0
                                            Data 7/23/85
                                                 7 of 13
                    EXHIBIT A.I:   OVERALL PLANT DATA SHEET
                        BASED ON PREVIOUS TEAR OF RECORD
                                                   Milwaukee, Wisconsin
_,    „    Jones  Island West  Plant      T<«»*i Hax.Day. . JP7. . . .USD
WASTEWATES CHAEACTEEISnCS- BASED ON MONTHLY AVEHA6ES
T corporators.
dai. C:
E

la* Influent fflg/1
Ara Uin Hax
5 day BOD
ODD (opt)
TSS
***
TDS
TSM
Total P
pH (not aj/i;
Alialinity*
Hardness*
Nitrata-N
293

212
772
31
4.9
7.3

• • •*"• •
216 372
.
16.3 . 304
642 928
23 36.9
2.9 7.0
6.9 7.6

• • * «"•"*• •• •»•••••
15.3
Sac.
Ava
18.2

22.3
828
•*•••*
8.8 -
.48
7.2
..24.Q..
1.8
. Hax....1?.-.3..,..
Em. ag/i
Hia . Hai
11 32.3

..ii*4. ..3A-.7..
..§«. ; ...wm
,.4.^. - ...1^.7.
.31. .87
6.8 j 7.6

• ***%** * • • * T 4 * a> • *
.2 ; 4.6
•as calettes carbonate

  *** for the dates of January 1979 to November 1981
                                           45

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                                               Section Al.O
                                               ROT is ion No. 0
                                               Date 7/23/85             ',
                                               Page 8 of 13


  PBOCESS FLOW DIAGRAM INCLUDING TANK SIZES AND RETUBN FLOWS FEDM SLUDGE PEOC.

                                                                    111,000
     Primary Sad. Axes, sq ft	Fiaml Clax. Are*, sq ft	

                                5,000,000                               ;1d
     Ajirttioa Tank Vol. ou ft	Aeration Tank Water Depth ft..1.....
                                                       SEWERAGE  COMMISSION
   CKLCRINATION



    riEFflUENT
"II1
//////
SCREEN



r~
k
*'•••• j

SLU
X;
c
MtUDft





GflIT
REMCMU.


FILTRATE
/— -\



*U
.RLTERS
-K
^OR*SRS
ANITE




or i
JONES ISLAND
V

\J


AERATION- <
BASINS
RETURN SLUDGE
WEST PLANT
WASTE
SLUDGE
EAST PLANT

RETURN SLUOGE
AERATION ^
* BASINS *
xe CITY or
WAS ft KWIt







k


*- LIQUOR
STORAGE


  LAKE MICHIGAN
  MAJOR INDUSTRIAL WASTES- Averages

Brewing

Machinery (including  plating)


Food

Tanning

Paper  (recycled)
.Flow. ...'... 3HSD

       2 8
.Flaw.,.. '...mo
                                           .Flow.
       2 9
        .4
            mo
.Flow. ,..'... HGD
BOD,


BOD,


BOD,
1655

  42


 880
.ag/1
      .aS/1
BOD..7.5.0...ag/1


BOD. .1.8.6.°.i. ag/1
                                           46

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                                              Section No. AI.O
                                              SOT is ion No. 0
                                              Data 7/23/85
                                              Page 9 o£ 13

 EETIIEN FLOWS FEQH SLUDGE PEOCESSING- Average*    None

      Source        Flov  MGD    BOD mg/1   TSS ag/1   TEN mg/1    pfl
                                                                             • • *
  Notes:
    SCREENED  SEWAGE
 BXIMA^>EES:XXIS^ CHARACTERISTICS- AVERAGE INCLUDING EETOEN FLOWS

 Flow...8.2....J«H>         27                  24             30
TDS.... V.... ag/1   Oil and  Greaa* ---- "I".... ag/1


PEOCESS  RiEAiEBrEES- Based 25       -51
                                             47

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                                             Section No.  Al.O
                                             Revision No. 0
                                             Date  7/23/85
                                             Page  10 of 13
 Sludge  Age,  Days*. . . . P«£. ....... ...................
F/M Ratio,  per day-...
    (based on MLVSS)
•estimated elarifier holdup  included  in  solids  inventory yes

AIS DIFFUSION SYSTEM:  For Eacli Tank  Studied.   Tank Designation Jto.. Q .(Uorttl. or South)

Diffusers.  Type and Number. .U5Q-rSgyar& Aejr.ajTjig;p]afe$j. J.2. A .U A;.l .O.JOCb  thick.

Reconsseaded Air Sates for this Diffuser. SCFM   Mia.. 0.7 ......  Max. .2. 5 .......

Typical 7et Resistance for this Diffuser over the Rec.  Air Rate  Range

                                           at Mia Rate        at  Max Rate

    Orifice Resistance, inches water      .QCiflCe. J5. 1 .0 incA .
-------
                                           Section Ai.O
                                           Revision No. 0
                                           Date 7/Z3/85
                                           Page 11 of 13
BLOTTERS AND AIR SOPPLT PIPING
Blove
Ntzabe
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total
r Type, Brand, 3
1 Four stage
AIUs.-Qha.lmers..,
Allis-Chalmers,
Allis-Chalmers,
Allis-Chalmers,


Installed Blower
Kodel
axial var
VA904
VA904
VA904
VA904


BP 	 ,
lear
ie
1972
• • • * •
1972
1972
1972


22,000
HP RPM SCFM
.5.5.QQ ^i§82 ljLO.,000
5500 4,882 110,000
5500 4,882 110,000
5500 4,882 110,000


	 SCFM... 	
Op. Tiae
Br/Zear
46
5126
1 2682. 25
' 939.25


•
Include: the RAtiag Curr« for Each Blower  if Available
             SEE ATTACHED
Describe the Air Filtration System:

 Air flow  first goes through a media  type  roll  filter then goes through   a
 agglomerator  followed by a bag and cartridge  system before reaching compressor
 inlet,,                                           .                  •            i
Scppl«siautal lafoaaation oa Blover Drives                           \

Drire     Drive Type, Brand. Model      Tear    Design    HP at Design EPIC
Nt*b*r     Synchronous Motor                    KPM
            Allis-Chalmers             1973     1,200        5500
            Allis-Chafmers                     	*''''
3         	e	      .1972.    1..200        5500
4        ..™™	.    .'..,.     ....5.5.°.9

5		

€        	       	„
                                         49

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/
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-------
                                            Section No. Al.O
                                            SLOT is ion No. 0
                                            Date 7/13/85
                                            Page 12 of 13

Typical Blowers  Csad  at Arerage Operating Coaditioas:

     Blower  Numbers	Total Horsepower	

     Measured Pressure at Blower Discharge, psi	7.\4.	

     Measured Dyaaaic Wet Pressure at Diffnser, pai	

     Noaiaal SCFK p«r Diffuses	

TypAoal Blowers  Used at Maxiaim Operating Coaditioas:

     Blower  Numbers	}...	Total Eorsepower....5.18Q		

     Measured Pressure at Blower Discharge,  psi..P.-A	

     Nominal SCFM per Diffuser	
Describe Blower Taradown Capability...
       66520 scfm  minimum output per blower
Describe Strategy Used to Hanage Blowers.
Proride a Sketch Sfcowiag the Arraagexeat of Blowers  aad Traasmissioa Pipiat
If possible. Show Sufficient Detail so that Frictioa Loss  Calcnlatioas Could
be Miide.  Show Pipe Sizes.  Lengths. Control ValTes aad Nuaber of Beads fro«
the Blowers to' the Aeration Taaka.
                         SEE ATTACHED
                                      51

-------
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