POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY
        ASSESSMENT OF THE UNITED STATES
            ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
    GARRISON DAM HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANT
            RIVERDALE, NORTH DAKOTA


                       by

            TRC Environmental Corporation
            Chapel Hill, North Carolina 26514
               Contract #: 68-D2-7783
                  Project Officer

               N. Theresa T. Hoagland
            Sustainable Technology Division
      National Risk Management Research Laboratory
               Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY
     OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
             CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268

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                                         CONTACT
(formerly the Risk Reduction Engineering iSS                            '* Cindnnati' OH
Laboratory is headquartered in Cincinnati. OH, and fe now responsib e or            .
Sustainable Technology Division in Cincinnati           resP°ns,b!e for research conducted by the

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                                       DISCLAIMER

      The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the United States
=~;«
             2nL^      °f trade nameS °r commercial Prod"*s does not constitute endorsement
             auon lor USG.

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                                        FOREWORD
 land, aKnd wa&ources31 Untfa'a d  e' 5 nati^  * ^^ «* 'rotec^ *. Nation's
 formulate and implement actions fading™ a ^S^^S!S!S^f^ ** AgenCy Strives to
 of natural systems to support and nurture Hfe To meet this mandat fSS     " >!?MHe8 a"d the ab
 prov,d.ng data and technical support for solvina enSronrnpntT, n K, '  Pf ! research Program is
 knowledge base necessary to manage our SoqS^o?^ 7' t0?y and buildin9 a science
 our health, and prevent orTeduce enLnmenSS !n the Sr "' "*"*"« h°W P°"Utants affect
environment.  The focus of the LaKratory?iSeSS tSaram k     * J° huma" health and tne
control of pollution to air land water and I suh^rJ TrP 9     S °" methods fortne Prevention and
systems ; remediation «™S£££?$^^                                   ^ water
pollution. The goal of this research effort is to catal™ ripv^m  f "*f.ntro" and c™™ of indoor air
    -                                                      "
        .                    rc  eor s to catal™ ripvm       .
cost-effective environmental technologfes deveton SST.SI  "^ 'mp ementa«on °f innovate,
to support regulatory and policy decSns-' and nS JiS   1   d en9Ineenn9 information needed by EPA
                                                                                   *
                 y an  pocy decns- and n                                      e   y
ensure effective imL^SSi^^                    info-a«- transfer te*



                   researchers vviS the^ clfenl              Development to assist the user
|. .    i_ i-          	    «"•*»*• i |>y i wuu VCU ao L/ctI 1 O
  is published and made available by EPA's Office c
community and to link researchers with their clients.
                                        E. Timothy Oppelt, Director
                                        National Risk Management Research Laboratory

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                                        ABSTRACT
 ram-    n  Pu summanzes work conducted at the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE)
 Garnson Dam Hydroelectnc Powerplant in Riverdale, North Dakota under the U.S. EnvUnmental
 Protection Agency's (EPA's) Waste Reduction Evaluations at Federal Sites (WREAFS) Program This
 project was funded by SERDP and conducted in cooperation with USAGE official^


 r^,, • The pufrpofes of 'he WREAFS Program are to identify new technologies and techniques for
 reducmg wastes from mdustnal processes at Federal sites, and to enhance the implementation of
 poHution prevention through technology transfer. New techniques and technologies for reducing waste
 furthe7e^.Hrt '^fiedhthrou9h P°llution P^ention opportunity assessments (PPOAs) anS mfyTe
 further evaluated through joint research, development, and demonstration projects.

      A pollution prevention opportunity assessment was performed during June 1994 which identified
                 Although the powerplant was efficiently designed and employees have estebfehed

                   8dUflt? Ultin9 in the redUCtion °f Waste 9eneratio". opportunities were identified
in Mayp

      This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract Number 68-D2-01 81 by TRC Environmental
Corporation, under.the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency This reoort covers!
period from 6/1/94 to 9/30/94; work was completed as of 9/30/94                     P
                                           iv

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                                      CONTENTS
  CONTACT ...........
  DISCLAIMER ..... .....            ................ .................................... .!
  FOREWORD .......                 ........................ ' ......................... .!!
  ABSTRACT .......                 [[[ .'"
  FIGURES ........                  ................... .' ................. ' ............. N
  TABLES . ...... ..........       [[[ ^
  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......   [[[ Y!
                              [[[ vii
 1     INTRODUCTION  ..........
       1.1    PURPOSE ..............   .................. ' ............... ' ........ '•  1
       1.2    APPROACH TO THE PPOA AT THE GDHP ...........'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','/. ......  3

 2     DESCRIPTION OF THE GDHP
       2.1    GENERAL.. .......... ....   ............................................  j?
       2.2    ELECTRICITY GENERATION ........................'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'. '. [ " .........  7

 3     SITE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION...
       3.1    MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY OVERVIEW .......................................  I
       3.2    MAINTENANCE DESCRIPTIONS .......... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ....................... -14
             3.2.1   Turbines and Generator Units ...... ____ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ................ -14
             3.2.2   Transformers and Oil Circuit Breakers ...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ................. 17
             3.2.3   Outlet Works (Intake Structure, Wicket Gates, Penstocks, Surge Tanks
                   and Related  Equipment) ...... ........................       '       2n
             3.2.4   Spillway and Tainter Gates ............. ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ........... 25
             3.2.5   Non-Hydropower Related Systems           ...................... ->Q
       3.3    HAZARDOUS WASTE PRODUCTION HISTORY ....... I'.'.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ...... 29

 4     OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT ....                                             ^
       4.1    RESULTS OF THE PPOA ..... ............ ','. .............................. t]
             4.1.1   General Results ..... . . ........      ............................. ~]
             4.1.2   Wicket Gate Lubrication  ..... ............... ........................ 31
             4.1.3   Chemical Antifreeze Use . .               ......................... ,R
             4.1.4   Other PPOA  Issues .......          .............................. £
             4.1.5   Parts Washing .............................. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ............ 44
             4.1 .6   Consumer Product Recycling ................ ........ ................ 45
             4.1 .7   Inventory Control ................. '......'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ......... 45


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                                        FIGURES
 Number

  1
  2
  3
  4
                                                                        Page.
 Key Elements of a Pollution Prevention Program Plan
 Site Plan of Garrison	
 Diagram of a Typical Wicket Gate	[	2T
 Tainter Gate with Bubbler System and Heating Elements	  27
                                        TABLES
Number

 1
 2
 3
 4
 5   .

 6
 7
                                                                       Page
GDHP Chemical Inventory	                            g
Repainting History of the Surge Tanks  	'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.	24
Hazardous Waste Production and Disposal History ....................	30
Comparison of Grease and Non-Grease Lubricated Bushings	! " ' 35
Summary of Chemical/Toxilogical Data and Reporting Requirements	
For Various Antifreeze Compounds	                       41
Options to Reduce Methanol Use at the Tainter Gates ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.',	43
Summary of Significant Wastestreams Generated by the GDHP, and
Recommended Options for the Wastestream Reduction or Modification	          45
                                          vi

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                                  ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
       The authors wish to acknowledge the help and cooperation provided by Peg O'Bryan, Rick
Moore, and Dale Everson of the USAGE.  Other USAGE employees at the facility, most notably Bob
Krumwiede, were also very helpful and cooperative.  In addition, information provided to us by vendors of
equipment and services, additional USAGE personnel, and the useful project guidance and review
comments of the EPA Project Officer, Brenda Massengill, the EPA Assignment Manager, James Bridges,
and the EPA Task Work Assignment Manager, Terri  Hoagland, were appreciated.

       This report was prepared for EPA's Pollution Prevention Research Branch by Daniel Bowman,
Ritchie Buschow, and Jan Smith of TRC Environmental Corporation for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency under Contract No. 68-D2-0181.
                                           vii

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                                         SECTION 1
                                       INTRODUCTION
 1.1     PURPOSE
        The purpose of this project was to conduct a Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment
 (PPOA) of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) Garrison Dam Hydroelectric Powerplant
 (GDHP) in Riverdale, North Dakota. The assessment was conducted under the Waste Reduction
 Evaluations at Federal Sites (WREAFS) Program, which is administered by the Pollution Prevention
 Research Branch in the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) of EPA.  The study was
 conducted in accordance with the EPA manual, Facility Pollution Prevention fini^ (EPA/600/R-92/088),
 which provides a methodology for assessing operations to identify, evaluate, and implement pollution
 prevention opportunities.

        Pollution prevention in environmental management requires the development of a
 comprehensive program which continually seeks opportunities to implement cost-effective strategies to
 reduce waste generation.  PPOAs provide detailed assessments of waste streams, options for reducing
 waste generation or preventing pollution, and analyses of alternative operating practices which generate
 less waste. Figure  1 identifies the key elements of a pollution prevention program showing the
 interrelationship of the PPOA to the program. The elements of the pollution prevention program are
 discussed in detail in the Facility Pollution Prevention Guide.

        The approach for conducting the PPOA at the GDHP is described in this section. Section 2
 gives a physical description of the GDHP. Section 3 describes operations at the GDHP, as well as
 characterizes pollution prevention issues related to these operations. Possible alternative practices
 minimizing these wastes are discussed in Section 4.  Recommendations on potential follow-up activities
 and demonstration projects are also included in Section 4. Worksheets used for the GDHP PPOA are
 included in Appendix A.  Appendix B contains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for important
chemicals used at the GDHP and for other chemicals discussed in this report.

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                   EsUbish the Polution Prevention Program
                          - Ex acuity* level Decision
                          - Policy Statement
                  	-Consensus Building
                                   i
                              Organize Program
                              - Name Task Force
                              • Stale Goals
                                   i
                       Complete Pretminary Assessment
                             - CoBect Data
                             - Review Sites
                             - EstabSsh Priorities
                             Write Program Plan
                           * Consider External Groups
                           - Define Objectives
                           - Identify Potential Obstacles
                           - Develop Schedule
                        Complete Detailed Assessment
                       - Name Assessment Team(s)
                       - Review Data and Site(s)
                       - Organize and Document Information
                      Define Pollution Prevention Options
                              - Propose Options
                     	- Screen Options
                                   i
                         Complete Feasibility Analyses
                               - Technical
                               - Environmental
                               - Economic
                           Write Assessment Report
                              Implement the Ran
                                - Select Projects
                                - Obtain Funding
                                -Install
                                   JL
                              Measure Progress
                                - Acquire Data
                                - Analyzu Results
                                   ±
                      Maintain Pollution Prevention Program
Figure 1.  Pollution prevention program overview.
                                    2

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  1.2    APPROACH TO THE PPOA AT THE GDHP

         In general, hydroelectric power generation is an environmentally acceptable method of
  producing electrical power. Little air and water pollution are generated by a hydroelectric plant, and very
  few natural resources are consumed in the production of power, in contrast to fossil fuel power
  generation.  The most significant environmental disturbances are created during initial construction of a
  hydroelectric powerplant and reservoir, which permanently alters the environment from a riverine to a
  lake ecosystem.

         Hydroelectric power generation has significant environmental benefits when compared to other
  power production methods. This PPOA was conducted in order to determine if any additional
 environmental conservation in the form of pollution prevention is possible at the GDHP, and at
 hydroelectric powerplants in general. During this effort, theoperations of the GDHP were assessed for
 their environmental impacts. Overall, the GDHP is operated efficiently and with little waste production
 due to both the functional design of the plant and conscientious efforts by management and employees
 to m,n,mize waste production.  There are a small number of areas, however, where it may be possible to
 ach,eve significant pollution prevention. The following two areas were identified for the greatest potential
 reduction in waste generation:

        •      Wicket gate lubrication
        •      Tainter gate maintenance

 Both of these significant areas are described in detail in Section 4 of this report and potential waste
 saving measures are discussed.  Several less significant areas of potential waste generation reduction
 were also identified during the PPOA site visit.  These areas are also discussed in Section 4.

       During the site visit conducted in connection with this PPOA, all areas of waste generation and
 potential  reduction were discussed to promote understanding of all facets of the operations and barrios
to potential waste-reducing initiatives.  Research conducted following the site visit explored pollution
prevention issues that affect the GDHP and other hydroelectric powerplants. This report attempts to

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provide specific pollution prevention initiatives applicable to the GDHP, while maintaining a broader
perspective on the potential for similar measures at other facilities.

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                                          SECTION 2
                                 DESCRIPTION OF THE GDHP
 2.1    GENERAL
        The GDHP is located on the Missouri River 55 miles northwest of Bismark, North Dakota. It was
 constructed by the USAGE, and is operated and maintained by the USAGE, Garrison Project, Omaha
 District, Missouri River Division. Construction of the dam and embankment was completed in early
 1953, and power was initially generated from the plant in January of 1956.  The rolled earth-fill dam is
 approximately 210 feet in height, with a width at the base of 2.600 feet and at the top of 60 feet. This
 project produced Lake Sakakawea, which is a reservoir approximately 200 miles long with a total
 storage capacity of 40 billion cubic yards. Lake Sakakawea stretches from Riverdale to the town of
 Williston in northwestern North Dakota. Figure 2 shows the layout of the Garrison Dam.

        The GDHP was constructed to serve multiple purposes, including flood control, fish and wildlife,
 navigation, power generation, irrigation control, and recreation.  The USAGE currently maintains
 separate powerplant and lake maintenance operations for the project. The powerplant operations group,
 consisting of approximately 30 employees, is responsible for maintaining the powerplant structure,
 components, and related operations, as well as operating the spillway to perform flood control functions.
 The lake operations group, also consisting of approximately 30 employees, is responsible for
 maintaining the recreation facilities and lake navigation, as well as managing natural resources.
 DamThese two groups are currently operating separately, but the USAGE is in the process of merging
 them.                                                                        .

        Flood overflow at the GDHP can be managed by means of a concrete spillway in  the eastern
 bank of the dam. The spillway can discharge up to 827,000 cubic feet of water per second. However,
the spillway has not been needed since its construction.  Three flood control tunnels in the outlet works

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i    >   >•(
\   \f  \
                  Figure 2. Site plan of Garrison

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 of the powerplant have historically been sufficient to discharge excess capacity during periods of high
 flow. The spillway consists of 28 tainter gates, each of which can be independently controlled for precise
 flow management during times of emergency discharge.

 2.2     ELECTRICITY GENERATION

        The hydroelectric generating plant and outlet works are located on the west side of the dam
 abutment. The outlet works supplies water to the turbine drivers of the generator units and is then
 discharged to the river downstream.  The outlet works consists of a water intake structure located in
 Lake Sakakawea, the three flood control tunnels discussed above, and five 1,620 foot long power
 penstocks, which channel water to the five turbine drivers of the generator units. Five electric generating
 units, each one driven by a turbine, are located in the powerhouse. Each turbine shaft is connected to a
 cylindrical rotor located in the hollow generator stator. The stator is made of coils of copper bars wound
 on a rigid frame to form a hollow cylinder. The rotor is magnetized through the application of direct
 current to field windings located on the rotor. As the magnetic field created by the rotor spins past the
 stationary stator coils, electricity is generated.
        The five generating units are capable of producing a maximum combined output of 502,600
 kilowatts (KW) of power. Three of the units can produce 102,000 KW of power each, while the
 remaining two can produce 98,000 KW each.  Generally, the plant can reliably supply a continuous
 324,000 KW of power. The five turbines which power the generating units rotate at up to 90 revolutions
 per minute.  The power penstocks are each connected to two surge tanks, which are 65 feet in diameter
 and  135 feet in height. The surge tanks serve to dampen out surges caused by load changes to the
 turbines.

       Each generating unit is connected to an individual bank of transformers. Power travels from the
 generator to the transformer, and then through oil-filled pipe and cables to the switchyard, which is
 located directly .southeast of the powerplant. Power is then transmitted from the switchyard to a number
of substations operated by the Department of Energy (DOE) Western Area Power Administration
(WAPA).  WAPA markets the power throughout the region. The control room for the electrical system
and the operation and maintenance facilities for the GDHP are located in the powerhouse.

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                                         SECTION 3
                                SITE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION

 3.1     MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY OVERVIEW

        Equipment at the GDHP is normally maintained according to fixed schedules specified in
 USAGE maintenance manuals.  Copies of these manuals are kept onsite.  To effectively characterize
 maintenance operations at the GDHP, it is beneficial to divide the GDHP's operations into sections.  The
 GDHP can be broken down into five areas, each of which requires maintenance operations:

 •     Turbines and generator units

 •     Transformers and circuit breakers

 •     Outlet works (intake structure, wicket gates, penstocks, surge tanks, and related equipment)
 •     Spillway and tainter gates

 •     Non-hydropower related systems, such as water treatment and office equipment

 The first two areas include all equipment directly related to electricity generation and transfer. The
 second two areas include all equipment related to water movement and control. Most of the functions
 performed by GDHP employees involve maintenance of onsite electrical equipment, although water-
 related and other equipment also require periodic maintenance. The remainder of this section will
discuss these five areas and associated maintenance requirements in detail, as well as address wastes
generated from them.

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TABLE 1. GDHP CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Product
StanOi
Mutt Fax EP2
Gulf No Rust Oil
Texaco Soluble Oi
JackOi
HydrauScOi
Hydraulic Jacking Oi
Muriatic Acid
Dyno Drain
Calcium Phosphate
918 Phosphate Balls
WD-40
DorcJa#20Oil
Silica Sand
Frosto
Super X Vacuum Pump OB
Oxidation Inhibitor Turbine Oi
Viscosine BA Air Filters
CRC 12 Solvent
Sonalostic
Sonalostic Pigment
RegaISS
Seculate
Ross 427
Carburetor Cleaner
757 Degree Argena
Oxygen

.
U».
Lubricate station drainer pumps
Grease turbine parts above and below water
level
Overhead cranes gear lube
Maintenance shop band saw cutting
Hydraulic jacks
Oil circuit breaker hydraulic systems
Overhead crane brakes and thrusters
Etch metal and floor tile
Drain cleaning Squid
Intake water plant scale control
Intake water plant scale control
General lubricant
Intake overhead bridge crane bull gears and
pinions
Sandblasting
Intake surge tank and spillway bubbler air
system anti-freeze
Generator air brake system
Additive for turbine burning oil
Dust collection agent for air filters
Special parts cleaning solvent
Concrete sealer
Primer for concrete sealer
ST and DT compressor oil
Paint surfaces subject to condensation
SS/air corrip.
Clean ST bubbler compressor valves
Welding gas
Welding gas
(continued)
9
Quantity or Inventory
5 gallons
5 55-gallon drums
5 gallons
3 gallons
3 gallons
4 gallons
25 gallons
1 gallon
2 gallons
25 pounds
3 bags'
Scans'
5 gallons
90 100-pound bags
10 55-gallon drums
15 gallons
18 gallons
10 gallons
3 gallons
2 5-galton pails
1 32-ounca can
75 gallons
14 gallons
70 gallons
2 gallons
7 75-pound bottles
11 75-pound bottles, 52-
pound bottles



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                                           Table 1.  (continued)
                 Product
                                                             Use
                                                                                       Quantity or Inventory
Acetylene

Thinning Oi
Rust Nix
Paint Spray Cans
Latex Paint
ZRC Cold Galvanizing
Rust Transformer
No Drip Plastic Coating
Sonnebom Primer 733
IFAM 51 Degreaser
Garon Plug
Ice Melt Plus
Concrete Seal
Foundation Coating HandiGuard
Kold Bond Roof Patch
Crack Fl
United 692 Parts Cleaner
Mineral Spirits
National Chemsearch D150
Team 315
National Chemsearch 0165
Grease Tubes Lub. Engineers
Ajax Caulk Grease
SS-80
Heat
Diesel Fuel

Kroil Penetrating Oil
Compressor OB 427
Gear Oil 632
Welding gas

RustoJeum paint thinner
Rust inhibitor paint
Miscellaneous painting needs
Miscellaneous painting needs
Galvanizing metal
Rust inhibitor paint
Coating and sealant
Paint primer
Paint preparation cleaner
Dry packing cement cracks
Sidewalk ice remover
Concrete sealer
Concrete sealer
Roof patch or overcoat
Concrete crack filler
Parts cteaner
Oil based paint thinner
Water soluble solvent for parts cleaning
Industrial soap cleaner
Parts washer
Bearing lubrication
Lube hoist ropes
Cleaning solvent
Vehicle gas line antifreeze
Fuel for diesel generators, steam jenny, and
high pressure washers
Intake structure, loosen rusty parts
High pressure intake air compressor ofl
Trunion bearing and crane gear cases
9 75-pound bottles. 5 2-
pound bottles
4gaJons
7 gal oos
76 12-ouncecans
11 gallons
1 galon
9galons
2galons
1.5 gallons
5 gaBons
5 galons
25 gallons
10 gallons
20 gallons
14 gallons
20 gallons
100 gallons
55 gallons
55 gallons
40 gallons
55 gallons
36 tubes'
23 pressure cans'
110 gallons
48 cans'
300 gallons

100 gaflons
305 gallons
175 gallons
                                                (continued)
                                                    10

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Table 1.  (continued)
Product
URSA Oi Diesel Eng.
OI600W
Crater 2X Oi

lndOO*95
Ice Machine OS
Lubricating Engineers Comp. Oil

AJraEne Oil
Thread Cutting Oil
Detvac 1330 Oil
DTE Extra Heavy Oil

Texaco Capella Oil
#10-X Lubricant Oil
LeadoBne Oi
Lubriplate

Oakite Protective Ofl
Super Solvent
Dalco Solvent Degreaser
Glyptal Paint
Insulating Varnish
Glyptal Enamel Paint
Thinner
Hydraulic Oil
High Vacuum Oil
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Chromic Acid
German Neutral Solution
Nitrogen Cylinders
Electrolyte Battery Acid


U*«
Portable diesel engine oi
Crane gear case lube
Tainter gates, crane drive gear, spfflway
gates
Drip o3er for intake hoists
Fan air fater lubricant
SpHlway and gov. air comp. compressor
crank case ol
Air tool lubricant
Thread cutting 08
Internal diesel engine oi
Crankcase 08. internal low pressure
compressor
Refrigerant oi
Intake crane gear
Intake gate hoist level winders
Metal protector for tainter gate equalizer
chains
Intake gate hoist level winders
Centrifuge cleaner
Switchyard OCB maintenance
Varnishing motor windings
Generator stator tead repair
Generator bushing repair
Thinner for insulating varnish
Hydraulic system on OCS's
Vacudyne pumps, transmission maintenance
Oil testing process
Oil testing process
Oil testing process
Dry blanket for transformers
Battery fluid replacement
(continued)
11
Quantity or Inventory
60 quarts
16 gallons
7, gallons

220 gallons
30 gallons
100 gallons

20 gallons
4 gallons
140 gallons
130 gallons

1 gallons
4 gallons
10 gallons
8 gallons

5 gallons
40 gallons
40 gallons
16 gallons
144 gallons
23 gallons
8 gallons
42 gallons
0.5 gaDons
0.25 gallons
1.5 pounds
1.5 gallons
40 cylinders1
10 gallons



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                                           Table 1.  (continued)
                Product
                                                            Use.
                                                                                        Quantity or Inventory
3M Scotch Kote
System Anti-Freeze
Isopropyl Alcohol
Propane Cylinders
Spinde Oil
Rubber Cement Thinner
Penetrating Oil
WD-40
Cono-Guard
SS 150
Dry Moly Lug

lubridex

Rid Rust
Insulation Spray
CLP II
Chemsearch NC-123
Dry Guard
Seaflcone

Honeywell OO
Contact RE-NU
Molylube

Cable Cleaner
Chance Moisture Hater
Chance Glass Restorer
Red DevS Urethane Seal Coat
Corro-Ctean
PVC Cement
Sodium Hypochloride
Moisture proof electrical splices
Air brakes on bucket truck
Cleaning mirrors
Shrink S-Ocng repair
Lube for Steven's recorders
Rubber cement thinner
Loosen rusty parts
Multi-purpose lubricart
Conduit thread-cutting oil
Solvent for electrical parts cleanup
Lube hingo points on OCB's operating
mechanism
Lube hinge points on OCB's operating
mechanism
Maintenance of rusty parts
Surface coating for wire splicing
Cleaning electrical contacts
Cleaning electrical contacts
Dry air for relay testing
Weather proof gasket material on transformer
isolated bus covers
Recorder oi
Clean electrical contacts
Lube hinge points on 13.8 and 480 volt
breakers
Cable spGcaig
Recoodtion hot sticks
Recondition hot sticks
Electrical insulator for bushings
Battery terminal cleaner
Plastic pipe connecting
Control fecal cdiform
1 ISO-ounce can
9 32-ounce cans
1 gallon
5 14-ounce cans
1.5 gallons
1 12-flu'd ounce bottle
1.5 gallons
1 gaflon
8 15-ounce cans
1 15-ounce cans
1 16-ounce can

3 15-ounce cans

1 15-ounce can
10 15-ounce cans
21 15-ounce cans
24 15-ounce cans
21 15-ounce cans
9 8-ounce cans

4 8-ounce cans
17 289-ounce cans
13 15-ounce cans

2 gallons
1 gallon
1 20-ounce can
10 14-ouncecans
3 16.75-ounce cans
1 16-ounce can
20 gallons
                                                 (continued)
                                                      12

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                                            Table 1.  (continued)
                  Product
                                                               ^^— .Ml —
                                                 Quantity or lnv«ntory
  Aluminum Sulfate
  Trisodhjm Phosphate
  Calciom Phosphate
  918 Phosphate Bafls
s Sodium Hypochloride
  Glass Cleaner
  Pine Cleaner
  Toilet Bow) Cleaner
  Ammonia
  Creme Cleaner
  Vinegar
  SO-20 Spray
  SO-20 Liquid
  Clorox
  Floor Stripper
  FborWax
  Soap and Scum Remover
  Final Rinse
  Floor Prep
  Stainless Steel Cleaner
  Team 150 Odor Control for Drains
 Oven Cleaner Pad
    Aid floatation
    Scale control
    Scale control
    Scale control
    Control fecal coliform
    Cleaning surfaces
    Cleaning
    Toilet cleaning
    Cleaning
    Sink cleaning
    Floor cleaning
    Spray cleaner
    Spray deaner (add water)
    Disinfecting surfaces
    Wax stripper
    Ftoorwax
    Cleaner
    Floor scrubbing deaner
    Floor scrubbing deaner
    Stainless steel surface polish
    Drain cleaner/odor controller
    Oven cleaning
 Several bags'
 30 pounds
 100 pounds
 25 pounds
 3 bags'
 20 gallons
 2.5 gallons
 1  quart
 3  gallons
 2  quarts
 12 quarts
 8  gallons
 2  18-ounce cans
 1  gallon
 12 gallons
 10 gallons
 12 pints
2 gallons
3 gallons
6 18 ounce cans
5 quarts
1 pad1
   Exact quantities of certain chemicals were
   contributions to GDHP waste streams.
not determined; however, these chemicals do not appear to make significant
                                                       13

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       An inventory of all chemicals used and stored onsite was developed for the GDHP. This
inventory, Table 1, includes a list of all chemicals stored and used at the GDHP, volumes of these
chemicals kept onsite, and chemical use.
3.2
MAINTENANCE DESCRIPTIONS
3.2.1   Turbines and Generator Units
3.2.1.1  Description

        The GDHP has five turbines which are i sed to power the generators. Each turbine is located in
a penstock at the base of the powerplant buildin: 3. The five turbines are all original equipment installed
during the construction of the GDHP, and were manufactured by Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton. According to
plant personnel, the USAGE is currently assess! ig the turbines for potential replacement in the next
several years.

        Each of the five turbines rotates on a main bearing.  These bearings are lubricated by an oil.
The GDHP maintains equipment to purify and recycle this oil, which is referred to as lubricating oil.  An
oil recycling room in the powerhouse building contains storage tanks for lubricating oil. The oil is
removed from the bearings by a piping network,
from the dirty oil tank through a centrifuge and a
particulates from the oil. The oil is then piped to
                                    and put in the "dirty oil" tank. To clean the oil, it is piped
                                    filter system. This system removes almost all
                                                        *    ' .
                                    a "clean oil" tank in the oil  recycling area. Finally, the oil
is piped from the clean oil tank through the centrifuge and filter again, and then back to the unit from
where it originated. Some excess oil is maintained in the area and can be added to the bearing if
necessary. The GDHP has never needed to add oil to this system in its lifetime.  The GDHP maintains
two oil recycling systems, one for lubricating oil and one for transformer and OCB oil. Transformer and
OCB oil recycling is discussed in Section 3.2.2
       The lubricating oil is removed from each
cleaning, the oil is tested by GDHP personnel fo
                                    bearing and cleaned every three years. During the
                                    dielectric strength and metal content to determine if the
oil is fouled or has begun deteriorating.  During tiis recycling and testing procedure, the turbines may be
serviced as well.  Before the turbines are serviced, the headgates in the intake building are shut, thus
preventing water from entering the penstock, which houses the turbine. Water is then vented from the
                                              14

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penstocks and surge tanks. Servicing the
turbine (i.e., achieving the
welds on the units. The turbines can be access'
              turbines ordinarily consists of adjusting the cavitation of the
proper waterdynamic shape of the turbine blades) by repairing stainless steel
                    3d from above and below for maintenance.
       As discussed in Section 2.2, each of th€ five generators is located directly above a turbine. A
generator shaft connects the turbine and generator and serves to transfer power from the turbine to the
generator. The turbines rotate at speeds of up to 90 revolutions per minute.  The wattage output from
the generators is directly related to the rotationa speed of the turbine. As the rotational speed of the
turbine increases, so does the wattage produced by the generators. The turbine speed is controlled by
the use of wicket gates, which precisely regulate, the flow of water to the turbines. These gates are
described in Section 3.2.3.

       The generator units are located on the t jp floor of the powerhouse building. The generators
have remained essentially unchanged since they commenced operation in 1956, except for generator
winding replacement, which was performed on all five generators  around 1980. The generator windings
consist of copper wire wound on a spool.  In each generator unit, a generator shaft, which is powered by
a spinning turbine, rotates between these windings. A magnet is attached to the end of the generator
shaft, which  induces an electrical field in the windings as the generator shaft rotates. This produces
electrical power which  is harnessed for distribution.

       The generators and windings can be se viced by a large overhead crane system which is built
into the roof and upper walls of the powerplant building. The power output from the generator can be
regulated from the control room located in the powerplant building. Power output can also be controlled
remotely  from the WAPA dispatcher's station in Water-ton, South Dakota.
       In performing service on electrical parts,
onsite. Two of these parts washers are ultrasoni
vibrated at a high frequency:  The system emuls
                    the GDHP uses four parts washers which are located
                    c cleaners, which operate using water and soap
                    fies greases and oils and removes particulates. The
GDHP also has two larger baths,.which are generally filled with mineral spirits. GDHP personnel have
attempted to use other cleaners in these baths, includinng citrus-based cleaners, but have not found an
acceptable alternative to mineral spirits.
                                              15

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 3.2.1.2  PPOA Issues

         As stated previously, lubricating oil is recycled every three years at the GDHP.  The GDHP's oil
 recycling system produces two wastes, which are spent filters, and sludge generated by the centrifuge
 used in oil cleaning operations. Filters are nclrhally replaced after 4,000 to 6,000 gallons of oil pass
 through them.  The filters are disposed of as iolid waste.  Sludge waste generated in the centrifuge is
 captured in a 55 gallon drum in the oil recycling area. This waste is disposed of by an offsite contractor.
 The waste material from oil recycling accumu
   ates very slowly at the GDHP. It appears that one 55
 gallon drum is filled approximately every two years.  Only a small portion of this waste is generated from
 lubricating oil recycling, as the vast majority o
   : this waste comes from OCB and transformer oil recycling.
 OCB and transformer oil recycling is discussed in Section 3.2.2.

        Another waste stream is generated di iring recycling of lubricating oil at the GDHP. Lubricating
 oil from each turbine is tested during the recycling events for such factors as dielectric strength and
 metallic impurities.  During the testing procedure, approximately 1 quart of oil is withdrawn from each
 unit.  This testing, and the testing of transformer and OCB oil, generates approximately 30 gallons a year
 of oil, which cannot be recycled back into the system due to the addition of materials used in testing the
 oil. This contaminated oil is currently drummed and disposed of by an offsite contractor. Very little
 waste oil is generated from lubricant oil testinc
 OCB oil testing.  Transformer and OCB oil tesi
   . The majority of waste oil is derived from transformer and
   ing is described in Section 3.2.2.
        Other than filter, sludge, and sampling
are small amounts of other lubricants, and
electricity.  The coils were replaced around
rare.  Only once since 1980 has a failure occu
1980
    wastes, the only wastes produced from the generators
occasionally copper wire from the coils used to generate
     . If the coils fail, they are replaced; however, this is
    red.
        The GDHP does not generate significant waste from its onsite parts washers. The mineral
spirits baths are generally replaced once a yet r. Both baths have approximately 30 gallon capacity, so
the washer generates one 55 gallon drum of waste approximately once a year. This waste is
occasionally disposed of by an outside contractor.  The waste water from the ultrasonic baths is rarely
disposed of according to onsite personnel. However, exact quantities of waste generated from the
ultrasonic cleaner were not available.
                                              16

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  3-2-2   Transformers and Oil Circuit
  3.2.2.1 Description

         Circuit breakers and transformers at tie GDHP perform the function of distributing electrical
  power to the lines leaving the GDHP, preventing surges and spikes of power, and altering voltage levels
  as power passes through the system.  For th J most part, these units operate automatically. However,
  they can be operated manually from the contril room, and remotely from the WAPA dispatcher
  substation as required.  Both circuit breakers Jmd transformers contain oil. which is used to insulate the
  equipment, and to break circuits in the circuit breakers.  Both transformers and circuit breakers use the
  same type of oil.

        The GDHP has two main areas in which transformers and OCBs are located. These areas are
 in the switchyard and on the south (i.e., downstream) side of the powerhouse building. Transformers on
 the south side of the powerhouse building are directly connected to the generator units. Each of the five
 generators is wired to a bank of three transformers. These transformers supply electricity to the
 switchyard. Both the generators and the trans
 pipes.  Encasing the cables in oil-filled pipes ai
 cables to dissipate, and prevents arcing from the cable to grounded materials.
        The electrical switchyard is located to
 in oil-filled pipes run below the ground from the
ormers transfer power through cables encased in oil-filled
ows heat generated by the current passing through the
he southeast of the powerhouse. Power cables encased
powerhouse transformers to the switchyard. Through a
 network of circuit breakers and transformers, flU switchyard can supply power to six sets of power lines
 which service various substations maintained dy the WAPA. The switchyard is divided into two sections
 one operating at 230,000 volts, and the other a  115,000 volts. A transformer in the switchyard connects
 these systems together.  Each of the two sections powers three lines connected to WAPA substations.

        The switchyard can be operated from the control room located in the powerplant. Operators can
 change the load to the six power lines as necessary. The entire switchyard can also be operated
 remotely, from the WAPA dispatcher's station in' Waterton. South Dakota. As stated previously, the
 generators can also be controlled from the WAPA dispatcher's station to modify power output. These
WAPA offsite control systems allow the entire power network of the plant to be operated remotely. In
                                              17

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 fact, all six hydroelectric powerplants in the RCC's jurisdiction can be controlled remotely from the WAPA
 dispatcher's station. This can allow the projects to operate with a minimum of staffing.

        Transformers and OCBs in both the svjitchyard and on the south side of the powerplant are
 normally kept full of oil unless they are  being serviced. The transformers and OCBs are serviced
 biannually, according to USAGE recommendatons.  During this servicing, the oil in the units is removed
 via a pipeline network. The oil is cleaned in the! onsite oil recycling system. The oil is also tested at this
 time to ensure that it is not contaminated or deteriorating.

        The GDHP's oil recycling area  is capat le of recycling transformer and OCB oil, as well as
 lubricating oil, as discussed  in Section 3.2.1. The oil recycling area in the powerplant building contains
 tanks which can hold the oil  contents of transformers and OCBs. Oil is transferred from the transformers
 and OCBs to the tanks via piping which runs to
the switchyard and powerplant transformer area.  This
        In addition to the tanks used for storing
 piping can be connected by hose to the transformers and OCBs. The equipment can then be drained to
 the proper tank in the oil recycling area via a series of manually operated valves.
equipment oil, the oil recycling area contains two oil
recycling units. One recycling unit is used to centrifuge and filter transformer and OCB oil, while the
other is used to centrifuge and filter lubricating dil. Although the oil used in transformers and OCBs is
identical, the oils from the units are never mixed
develop in OCB oil when it breaks a current.
to a holding tank in the oil recycling area. From
storage tanks in the area and is added if needec
 in their recycling unit because of carbon deposits that
        When a transformer or OCB is to have its oil centrifuged and filtered, the oil is first sent directly
the holding tank, it is then sent through the recycling
system, passing into a second tank and then back to the transformer or OCB. Spare oil is kept in
.  The filters are replaced periodically as specified in the
USAGE operations manual. The oil in these systems will last indefinitely if filtered often. In fact, the
system has only needed to have oil added once
Otherwise, the oil has remained serviceable sine e the start of operations at the GDHP.
 In 1983, 6,000 gallons of oil were added to the system.
                                              18

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 3.2.2.2  PPOA Issues

         As stated previously, the transformers and OCBs at the GDHP contain oil which acts as an
 insulator in both pieces of equipment. In OCBs, the oil is also used as a circuit breaker.  The
 transformers and OCBs were originally filled With an oil containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
 Due to the health hazards associated with PCBs, in 1991 the USAGE instituted a program to eliminate
 PCBs from.onsite equipment. The goal of this
three-year program was to ensure that all units containing
 PCBs.were either disposed of or drained and c leaned of PCBs. Currently, only one PCB-containing
 transformer is located onsite awaiting disposal

        The oil recycling system at the GDHP  creates two waste streams. One waste stream consists
 of the filters which are used to clean transformer and OCB oil.  These filters are disposed of as solid
 waste after 4,000 to 6,000 gallons of oil have passed through them. The second waste stream
 generated by the transformer and OCB oil recycling system is the sludge captured by the centrifuge and
 filter system, which is contained in a 55 gallon . Irum. This drum also contains wastes from the
 lubricating oil recycling system.  The drum is fil ed over several years,  and sent for disposal by offsite
 contractors.

        Another waste stream is generated dui ing sampling of transformer and OCB oil at the GDHP.
 Transformer and OCB oils from each unit are tested biannually for such factors as dielectric strength and
 metallic impurities. During the testing procedure, approximately 1 quart of oil is withdrawn from a unit.
 Oil testing at the GDHP generates approximate y 30 gallons of oil a year including a minor contribution
 from lubricating oil testing.  This oil cannot be recycled back into the system due to the addition of
 materials used in testing it. This contaminated
        Some additional waste is generated du
When the hoses are connected to the equipme
 il is drummed and disposed of by ah offsite contractor.

•ing the draining and filling of transformers and OCBs.
t to drain or fill them, some initial leakage from the joint
usually occurs.  Residue from the leaked oil can be found near these joints on most of the transformers
and OCBs. It is difficult to estimate how much oil is leaked during each equipment draining and filling
cycle. However, the facility's maintenance mankger believes that transfers have been performed in a
more conscientious manner in the past several [rears, minimizing leakage.
                                             19

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3.2.3   Outlet Works (Intake Structure. Wicket Gates. Penstocks. Surge Tanks, and Related
        Equipment)

3.2.3.1  Description

        The intake structure of the GDHP sits
powerhouse building. The intake structure performs
lake towards the turbines. Water flow can be in
powered headgates which cover the opening o
water to the turbines, which are called penstoc
There are five penstocks at the GDHP, each oi
i Lake Sakakawea approximately 1,300 feet north of the
     the function of initially channeling water from the
iterrupted at the intake structure by means of electrically
: the channels to the turbines. The channels that carry
cs, are 1,620 feet long, and have a diameter of 24 feet.
which carries water to one of the five turbines.
       As stated above, water flow can be interrupted by use of the headgates located in the intake
building.  The headgates are generally used onjly to completely cut off the water supply in order to allow
servicing of the penstocks and turbines, or in times of emergency. Routine flow control to the turbines is
performed by wicket gates, which are located cirectly above the turbines in the powerhouse building.
The wicket gates consist of 26 to 28 individual gates that operate in concert, somewhat like a circular
camera shutter, to control water flow. These gates can be precisely operated to control flow to the
turbines,  very accurately modifying the rotation al speed of the turbine and the resulting energy output
from the generators. Figure 3 depicts a typical wicket gate used in a hydroelectric powerplant.
       When the wicket gates are adjusted to
alter flow, the water pressure in the penstocks changes.
To avoid damaging the penstocks, this pressure must be allowed to dissipate from the penstock.  This is
accomplished by allowing the surge tanks to hold excess water. Ten surge tanks, each 65 feet in
diameter and 135 feet tall with individual volumes of approximately 3,350,000 gallons, are located on the
north side of the building. Each of the penstocks is connected to two surge tanks. When throughput is
suddenly reduced to decrease the load, or raised to increase the load, water will accumulate or drain into
the tanks as the pressure in the system equalizes.

        Each of the individual gates in the wick at gate system rotates on two bronzed bearings to open
or close. The steel shaft, which is attached to trie wicket gate and is generally cylindrical or spherical in
shape, rotates within a bronzed sleeve,  which is referred to as a bushing. A mechanical arm system
attached to a shift ring performs the function of controlling the rotation of the individual gates on their
bearing pivots, thereby regulating the opening and closing of the gates.
                                              20

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 A   ssevo MOTOR UNK



@  SATE OPERHWO RING




(?)  BEARING HOUSNG




(F)  awe uwycs




@  CATC LEVER * HOO COVER



(?)  UPPER WICKET GATE SOWNC




©  LOWER WICKET CATE BEAWNO
                             Figure 3.  Diagram of a typical wicket gate.
                                                   21

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        The bearings in the wicket gates usually deteriorate due to two factors. First, the gates are
constantly exposed to tremendous water pressures during their operation.  This pressure causes them
to vibrate. If uncontrolled, the vibration of steel
joint.  These stresses will eventually cause the
joint.  As water flows by the joint, movement of
against bronze will damage the softer bronze or heat the
oint to fail. This kind of failure could be immediate if the
joint is under tremendous stress, or could take many months or years depending upon the
circumstances. The second type of failure of w cket gate bearings is due to contamination entering the
he joint will inevitably allow some particulates to work
their way into the bearing. This particulate material can scour the surfaces of the bushing and shaft,
eventually causing failure. This type of failure is more common in waters containing high levels of
particles. Failure due to scouring generally occ jrs over a relatively long period of time, usually many
months or years. When this type of failure occi rs, both the joint and shaft will  usually have to be
replaced.

       Both of these types of failures are esse itially eliminated by the use of a greasing system in the
bearing. All bearings with this type of bronze and steel configuration must have a greasing system,
including those in turbines, ship rudders, lock and dam bearings, and other high-stress bearing
applications. A viscous grease is pumped into 1 he bearing, usually by an automatic pumping system.
This grease slowly escapes from the bearing, aid must periodically be replenished. The grease protects
the bearing by absorbing shock vibration, and by removing solid particles as the grease is forced out of
the bearing.

       Every joint in the wicket gate system, including the wicket gate bearings and the arm bearings, is
under great pressure and is exposed to envira
   ntal contaminants.  Without lubrication, the joints will
                                          inmei
fail, generally by heat buildup due to friction from vibration. The joints can also fail due to stick-slip, in
which the joints do not rotate smoothly, and become damaged due to vibration and pounding within the
joints.  Stick-slip can be caused by joint contamination and improper lubrication, and will be greatly
compounded by improper joint design. Finally, without proper lubrication, particles scouring the surfaces
of the shaft and bushing will eventually wear them to failure.
                                              22

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 3.2.3.2 PPOA Issues
        A grease system called the Farval system is used at the GDHP to lubricate the bronzed wicket
gate bearings and other bearings in the wicket gate system. Approximately 0.3 pounds of grease is
used in the bearings every two hours. The majority of this grease is consumed in the main wicket gate
bearings, although the other bearings in the system are lubricated as well.  The GDHP consumes
approximately 3,200 pounds of the grease every year. Essentially all of this grease escapes from the
bearings and is entrained in the waters flowing
       The grease used in the GDHP's Farval
by the wicket gates and turbines.
system is identified by the trade name Multifak EP2, and
is produced by Texaco, Incorporated.  The MSDS for Multifak EP2 is included in Appendix B of this
report. Multifak EP2 exhibits low toxicity and flammability, and has low reactivity with other compounds.
According to its MSDS, Multifak EP2 is general
y believed to be non-harmful to humans, although it has
not undergone extensive testing. Some other lubrication systems with different names are used at other
facilities, but conceptually they are similar to the Farval system. Their purpose is to supply the wicket
gate joints with a lubricant.  The lubricant is then allowed to escape to the passing water.
       The wicket gate system at the GDHP is
However, if the systems are ever replaced, new
 not likely to need replacement in the near future.
 wicket gate systems exist that do not require lubrication.
In these systems, the bronzed bushings are coated with synthetic materials. When the current GDHP
systems need replacement, synthetic systems appear to be an environmentally preferable option to the
current system. The synthetic-coated systems are discussed in more detail in Section 4.1.2.2 of this
report.

       The surge tanks at the GDHP were painted with a gray lead-based paint in the mid-1950's. This
paint showed excellent durability, as the first surge tanks to need repainting, the tanks for unit number 2,
were stripped and repainted in 1985. Table 2 shows the repainting history of the surge tanks and the
turbines, which have also been repainted with a vinyl-based replacement for their original lead-based
system. For the repainting, the tanks and turbines were blasted with silica blended with Blastox, an
additive that apparently lowers the toxicity of lead by  reducing its teachability from the paint waste. The
blasting waste was disposed of in an industrial landfill. The majority of this paint waste was derived from
the blasting of the surge tanks. The units were
•epainted with a vinyl paint system which does not
                                              23

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 contain lead.  This paint system, which is a
 with a zinc-rich primer.
USAGE recommended system, uses four coats of vinyl paint
                    TABLE 2. REPAINTING
   HISTORY OF THE SURGE TANKS
Item(s) Repainted Gener
Turbine
Surge tanks
Surge tanks and turbine
Surge tanks and turbine
Surge tanks and turbine
itor Unit Number
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 4
Units
Unit 3
Year Repainted
1985
1986
1987
1989
1992
        The new paint on the surge tanks is not performing as well as the original paint and may need
 replacement in the next several years.  Some of the areas that were repainted already have blisters and
 pinholes in the paint. At this time, there are no blans to repaint these areas.  If the tanks and turbines
 are repainted, the work will be contracted to a private firm. The type of paint to be used for further
 repainting operations will likely be different than the current replacement.
        The surge tanks contain bubbler lines,
prevent ice buildup.  The GDHP injects vaporized
to clear them of ice when the bubbler lines begi
approximately one-half of a 55 gallon drum of F
Frosto is located in Appendix B of this report.
in the operation of bubbler lines at the spillway
 As
 which release air into the tanks during cold periods to
   Frosto, an antifreeze compound, into the bubbler lines
  operation. Annually, this process consumes
 •osto, which consists mostly of methanol. The MSDS for
  discussed in Section 3.2.4, much more Frosto is used
and tainter gates.
       The headgates, which are located in the intake building and are used to interrupt flow to the
turbines, are maneuvered by means of a cable and pulley system.  The cables and pulleys must be
lubricated to keep them operable. Much of the
   ubricant is probably deposited in the waters of Lake
Sakakawea below the pulley system. The system has operated well, apparently with no malfunctions
since installation. Some rust was noted on the system, although this may have been only on the surface
                                             24

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  of the metal.  It is likely that, in comparison to wicket gate bearings, the grease loss from this system is
  minimal.
 3.2.4   Spillway and Tainter Gatgs

 3.2.4.1  Description

         The GDHP maintains a spillway alon 3 the dam to the east of the powerplant building and an
 intake structure spillway to conduct flood con rol activities.  The spillway consists of 28 tainter gates.
 each of which can be independently controlled for precise flow management. The spillway is capable of
 discharging up to 827,000 cubic feet per second of water. This water discharges into an approximately
 500 foot long cement tailwater embankment.
 of flood waters flowing through the spillway a
  The embankment is designed to withstand the great force
  id to protect the dam and spillway from rapid erosion in
 case of emergency discharge. The spillway I jcation at the GDHP is shown in Figure 2.

        The spillway has never been used for spill control.  Three flood control tunnels in the outlet
 works of the powerplant have historically been sufficient to discharge excess capacity during periods of
 high flow. In fact, in only one year during its
 been required to discharge at full volume.
        Although the spillway has never been
  8 years of operation have the three flood control tunnels
  used for flood control, the USAGE believes it is imperative
 that the spillway always remain operational.  GDHP personnel believe that it is necessary to maintain a
 clear area in front of the tainter gates at all tides. Due to North Dakota's cold climate, Lake Sakakawea
 freezes annually, usually to a depth of 18 to 36 inches. If this ice formation reached the tainter gates,
 they would not operate property. In fact, GDH|P personnel believe that the ice could damage the gates,
 or cause them to fail.
       A bubbler system was installed with
a network of pumps and pipes which releases
of the spillway's tainter gates. The bubbles
of the tainter gates and allow the gates to ope
become clogged and covered with silt, which
bubbler system is currently operating at 50
tre;
     spillway to control ice formation. The bubbler system is
   air into the water of Lake Sakakawea immediately in front
         from the system act to disrupt ice formation in front
   ate normally. Unfortunately, the bubbler system has
  has stifled its effectiveness.  The GDHP estimates that the
percent of its original effectiveness. The GDHP uses Frosto,
      25

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 a commercial antifreeze, to assist in preventing ice formation in the lines of the bubbler system. Figure 4
 depicts the design of the tainter gate and bubbler system at the GDHP.

        The bubbler lines function by utilizing Ln air compressor to pump air into the lines for release
 near the tainter gates.  Frosto is vaporized and injected into the bubbler lines, from which it is deposited
                                          an antifreeze compound consisting of methanol (70 to 99
into the waters of Lake Sakakawea. Frosto is
percent), amino alcohol (1 to 30 percent), and
                                          aliphatic ester (1 to 30 percent).  The GDHP purchases
 Frosto in 55 gallon drums. The MSDS for Frosto is included in Appendix B of this report.
 3.2.4.2 PPOA Issues
        The GDHP currently uses approximately thirty 55 gallon drums of Frosto a year. This use
amounts to a total of approximately 1,650 gallcLs annually. Generally, Frosto is used from November
through March. Frosto is vaporized and injected into the bubbler system automatically at levels set by
operators. Since Frosto is composed mostly o! volatile methanol, it likely eventually escapes into the air
once leaving the bubbler lines.  Methanol is listed as one of the 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
under section 112(b) of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA).
       There are a number of potential chemical
identified as possible alternatives for this study
These chemicals are discussed in detail in Sec
reducing the injection rate of antifreeze into the
                                            options for treating the bubbler lines. Three chemicals
                                         are propylene glycol, ethanol, and 1-methoxy-2-propanol.
                                         ion 4.1.3. Chemical savings might also be achieved by
                                         bubbler system. This approach has worked effectively at
                                             26

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SON PIATE-
  HEWERS
                                                      Mt HEMERS
      Figure 4. Tainter gate with bubbler system and heating elements.


                                    27

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 the Gavins Point Hydropower Plant in Yankton
Section 4.1.3, as are additional strategies that
  South Dakota. This approach is also discussed in
might be applicable at the GDHP.
3.2.5   Non-Hydropower Related Systems
3.2.5.1  Description
        The GDHP performs several practices
 that are not directly related to hydroelectric power
generation. For instance, the GDHP operates a water treatment facility in the powerplant building.
Generally, the only wastes produced by the system are filtered solids and containers for additives, which
are both disposed of as solid waste. According
 to GDHP personnel, it is possible that the USAGE may
shut down the water treatment facility in future years.  The facility may switch to water supplied from the
locality.

       The GDHP'has several consumer prod jet recycling efforts which are operated onsite. For
instance, paper recycling bins are located in the  office areas, and aluminum can recycling bins are
located near a soda can dispenser in the generator room.

3.2.5.2 PPOA Issues

       Wastes generated at the water treatme it plant are minimal.  However, it is possible that the
town, which produces a higher volume of water,
 generates less waste per volume of water produced
than the GDHP system. Since the township could produce water for the plant, the water treatment
system does not appear to be critical to supply drinking water. As stated previously, it is possible that
the treatment plant may be shut down in the future. However, due to its minimal waste generation, ift
does not appear that the system is an important
 environmental concern at the GDHP.
       The office paper recycling bins are centrally located in the office area of the GDHP. It appears
as though almost all office paper is recycled at the GDHP. However, there are very few aluminum can
recycling bins in the powerplant building, and it appeared that many cans may be disposed of in garbage
cans and not recycling bins.
                                             28

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3.3     HAZARDOUS WASTE PRODUCTION
HISTORY
        Records of hazardous waste generatioi and disposal costs were obtained from the GDHP for
this PPOA study. The records cover the five year period from 1989 to mid 1994, and are summarized in
Table 3. The GDHP has records of twelve diffe rent disposal events over the five-year period. All of
these hazardous waste disposal events resulte i from infrequently performed activities. For instance,
three of these disposal events involved discard ng lead-contaminated paint-blasting material and leftover
paints from the repainting of the surge tanks. Two of the events were disposal of asbestos-containing
material (ACM). Five of the events were disposal of PCB-containing materials generated from
transformer and OCB oils which contained PCBs. The remaining events appear to be rare disposal
events of infrequently generated or expired materials.
                                           29

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 TABLE  3.  HAZARDOUS WASTE PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL HISTORY
    Date
                   Cost
                                 Waste Description
                                           Activity Generating
                                                 Waste
                                                                                    Frequency
Paint cleanup and removal
11/93         94,203
12/92
              448.027
                 Lead-contaminated paint
                 blast material c eanup
                 and disposal

                 Lead-contaminated paint
                 blast material c eanup
                 and disposal
PCB containing material disposal
10/93
10/92
08/92
04/92
06/90
9,898


29,217


24,750


1.110


6,585
                              Transformer oil
                              Transformer oil
                              Transformer oil
                              Transformer oil
                              waste disposal
                              Disposal of five
                              transformers and oil
Asbestos-containing material disposal
12/93         117,282          HVAC system asbestos
                              removal and disposal
disposal
                                           disposal
disposal
and solid
08/90
82,327
                              Piping system asbestos
                              removal and dis sosal
Other waste disposal events
01/94         8,027            Parts cleaning tank
                              solvent disposal
10/92
              6,953
                Disposal of was es,
                including parts cleaning
                tank solvent
07/89 11,663
Disposal of varic
wastes
us One-time disposal of
small volumes
(approximately 1
to 5 gallons) of various
wastes
Small waste volumes
had accumulated over
many years of plant
operations
 Repainting of surge
 tanks, which were
 originally painted with
 lead-containing paint
 Repainting of surge
 tanks, which were
 originally painted with
 lead-containing paint

 GDHP project to remove
 PCB oil from onsite
 systems
 GDHP project to remove
 PCB oil from onsite
 systems
 GDHP project to remove
 PCB oil from onsite
 systems
 GDHP project to remove
 PCB oil from onsite
 systems
 GDHP project to remove
 PCB oil from onsite
 systems

 GDHP project to remove
 asbestos from onsite
 systems
 GDHP project to remove
 asbestos from onsite
systems

Periodic disposal of spent
solvent
                                                      Periodic disposal of spent
                                                      solvent and one-time
                                                      disposal of small volumes
                                                      of other wastes
Original paint lasted
over 20 years, new
paints do not contain
lead
Original paint lasted
over 20 years, new
paints do not contain
lead

Most systems have
been purged of PCBs

Most systems have
been purged of PCBs

Most systems have
been purged of PCBs

Most systems have
been purged of PCBs

Most systems have
been purged of PCBs
                                   No friable asbestos still
                                   located onsite

                                   No friable asbestos still
                                   located onsite
                                   Waste allowed to
                                   accumulate at GDHP in
                                   55-gallon drum over
                                   several years
                                   Spent solvent
                                   accumulates over
                                   several years; other
                                   wastes are one-time, or
                                   very infrequent
                                   disposal events
                                               30

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4.1
RESULTS OF THE PPOA
4.1.1   General Results
maintained.  Facility personnel appear concern
                                         SECTION 4
                                OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT
       In general, the GDHP is a very clean, well run facility. All areas observed were orderly and well
                                   id about both the appearance of the facility and the
safety and efficiency of its operations.  Moreover, the plant's functional design allows a small number of
workers to be able to maintain it in good running order. The only areas that appeared somewhat
disorganized were several paint and equipment closets, in which various paints and cleaners were
randomly arranged.  For the most part, the plant can serve as a model for a well-run, clean industrial
facility, but there are some areas in which the GDHP can potentially reduce waste generation.

       Two principal areas of waste generatio i appear to have potential for improvement:

•      Wicket gate lubrication
•      Antifreeze and bubbler system operations

In addition, there are several other less significant areas of potential improvement at the GDHP, such as
oil sampling, parts cleaning, and recycling.

4.1.2   Wicket Gate Lubrication

4.1.2.1 Current Practices

       As previously discussed, the GDHP ha s five turbines, each located in a penstock and powering
a generator.  In the normal operation of a turbine, the wicket gates, which are inside the penstock
                                             31

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 directly above the turbines, control water flow p
 coated wicket gate bearings, which the wicket
 discussed in Section 3.2.3.
 assing from the penstock to the turbine. The bronze-
gates pivot on, must be lubricated for the reasons
 is injected automatically into the bearings of the
 out through the joints of the submerged portion
 and turbine.  Approximately 0.3 pounds of Multil
        The GDHP uses a grease called Multifc k EP2 to lubricate its wicket gate bearings. Multifak EP2
 wicket gate at two-hour intervals. The grease is forced
 )f the wicket gate and into the water passing by the gate
 ak EP2 are injected into each turbine per two-hour
 period. Multifak EP2 is also used to lubricate gate parts above the water at weekly intervals. According
                                            1
 to onsite personnel, approximately 3,200 pounds of Multifak EP2 are used every year. Essentially all of
 this grease escapes into the water flowing past
 he wicket gates.
        It appears that all hydroelectric powerptmts constructed before the mid 1970's were constructed
 with wicket gates containing bronzed bearings requiring constant lubrication.  It is likely that all plants of
 this era contain a bearing greasing system similar to the system in place at the GDHP. Since these
 systems allow grease to escape to the water in relatively large volumes, they do not appear to be an
environmentally preferable system. Fortunately
require constant greasing.
  there are alternatives to these systems which do not
4.1.2.2 Alternative Bearing Materials

        There are a number of manufacturers that make non-grease lubricated bearing materials for use
in applications like wicket gates. Specifically, selen manufacturers of such materials were located
during the research for this report. These companies are Thordon Bearings Incorporated; Giles; Orkot;
Capralon; Deva Corporation; Lubron Bearing Systems; and Voist-Alpine.  All of the systems
manufactured by these companies are constructed with synthetic materials. Most rely on some form of
asbestos, nylon, or teflon as their bearing coating. Some use a synthetic material bonded to metal, but
even in these systems, the synthetic material is the exposed portion in the bearing joint.
        Generally, the companies that manufacture
products confidential.  However, there appear to
These classes are as follows:
    these systems keep the exact makeup of their
 be three classes of alternative bushing materials.
                                              32

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          Materials having a layer of a synthetic
          asbestos, with a coating of lubricant, I
   shock-absorbing material, such as teflon, nylon, or
   ke molybdenum disulfide or graphite.
          Materials hke teflon nylon or asbestos with an infusion of lubricant. Small pellets or pockets of
          lubricant are injected or otherwise inserted into and/or beneath the matrix of the synthetic
          material. These systems may also haW a coating of lubricant on their surface
         The synthetic material (e.g., teflon,.
         throughout its volume with lubricant.
         soaked sponge. These systems coulc
         surface.
ny on, or asbestos) has a porous nature, and is impregnated
   'hese systems are conceptually similar to a lubricant-
   be manufactured with a coating of lubricant on their
 The first of these classes of materials does not appear to be appropriate for the high-pressure and high-
 contaminant load environments found in wicke gates and other hydropower bearing systems.  However,
 these systems may be appropriate for other situations in lower-stress environments. This class does not
 function well in wicket gate bearings because tU are susceptible to damage by contaminating particles
 If particles scour the surface of this class of synthetic material, the lubricant will be lost, and the material
 will not allow easy rotation of the joint.  The second and third types of materials appear to be applicable
 to use in high pressure, heavy particulate-load environments, as they can be scoured to some degree
 and still maintain lubrication.          '     •

        Synthetic bearing systems have been i stalled  in powerplant wicket gate bearings, as well as
 turbine main bearings and other bearings in the turbine/wicket gate system. They have also been
 installed in lock and dam bearings, and in marirU craft bearings. Synthetic bearings have been used in
 water containing a relatively high concentration of undissolved solids, as might be found in a reservoir
 system. It is likely that there are wide variation^ in performance of various manufacturers' bearing
 materials. There is also variation in the proper ^plications for the different types of synthetic bearings.
 Before any bearing system or material is installed, it must be studied and tested thoroughly to determine
 its applicability and durability. Several systems
 paragraphs.

        One system studied operates using a b
   studied for this report are discussed in the next
   onzed bearing with a coating of a material called
Thordon.  Thordon appears to fall into the third category of lubricated synthetics listed.  It functions as a
lubricant-impregnated spongelike matrix.  Thordon systems have been installed since the early 1970s,
and appear to have an excellent reliability reconk Most of the installations have been in Canadian
facilities. Ontario Hydro, which runs many hydroelectric power generating stations, has contracted
Thordon Bearings, Incorporated, which is the manufacturer and Canadian distributor of Thordon, to
                                              33

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 install Thordon at all of its facilities. The systems have also been installed in one of the wicket gate
 systems at Tim's Ford Hydroelectric Powerplant, a Tennessee Valley Authority (WA) facility, by Marine
 Industries Corporation, the American distributed and installer of Thordon. The gate has been operating
 for 1.5 years without problems.

        A second system studied for this repor, the Lubron system, manufactured by Lubron Bearing
 Systems, uses a teflon base in a bronze substrate. The teflon has lubrication in its matrix, and additional
 lubricant can be deposited in machined recesses in the bearings. This system appears to be a hybrid of
the second and third synthetic systems listed.
shift ring for the wicket gate arms.  The Lubron
bearings were installed, and has likewise performed without problems
                                           -ubron is being used at the Tim's Ford TVA plant in the
                                           system was installed at the same time the Thordon
                                           of the bronze greased lubrication bearing system and
 4.1.2.3 Summary and Conclusions

        Table 4 contains a general comparison
 the non-grease lubricated systems. While the cjreaseless bearing systems have superior environmental
 characteristics, refurbishing a unit with the system is a major undertaking. In addition to the time and
 expense required to refurbish a unit, the unit's I jst production while it is being refurbished must also be
 considered. Certainly, if a unit requires reservicng of its bearings, it would be logical to install
 greaseless bearings at that time.  If a unit is functioning well, it might be difficult to justify taking the
 system offline to install the bearings. Each easel of potential refurbishing must be considered individually
 for its production loss and bearing overhaul cos s. However, when a decision is made to refurbish a
 turbine, wicket gate, or other bearing system relying on grease lubrication, greaseless bearings appear
to be the only environmentally appropriate choice.
                                            34

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   4-1-3   Chemical Antifreeze
  4.1.3.1  Current Practices

          As discussed previously, GHDP personnel believe that it is imperative that ice formation not be
  allowed to reach the tainter gates of the spillway. Ice formation on the gates would prevent their proper
  work,ng ,n case of the need for an emergency Discharge, and might damage the gates or cause them to
  fa.l. To keep ice formation from reaching the gates, the GDHP spillway was built with an underwater
  bubbler system. This system pumps air under
  The system worked well when it was relatively
                                          the water, and releases it in front of the tainter gates
                                          iew, but over time it has become clogged and covered
                                               ,                         e cogge  and covered
  with silt. It is currently operating at approximately fifty percent of its original effectiveness The USAGE
  has considered repairing the system by dredging the lake bottom and stabilizing the lake banks
  According to the assessment performed at the GDHP, this repair would cost approximately $1.5 million
  This reair is fr                            "
This repair is further discussed in Section 4.1.3

       To supplement the bubbler system and
                                            clear the bubbler lines of ice, the GDHP employs
                                                               -	1 -• •—• ww« ii  VrfHipivjyo
 chemical antifreeze treatment in the bubbler lines. Vaporized Frosto is injected into the compressed air
 bubbler hnes running near the tainter gates.  The MSDS for Frosto is included in Appendix B of this
 report.

 4.1.3.2  Operational Readiness

        As stated previously, the GDHP operates the bubbler system under the premise that the tainter
 gates must be cleared of ice both to ensure thei structural integrity and to maintain operational
 readiness. According to GDHP personnel, a kW level of antifreeze use is necessary to clear the bubbler
 hnes jn order to keep ice from potentially damag ng the structure. A higher level of antifreeze use and
 bubbler activity is required to maintain operational readiness at all times.  The GDHP would significantly
 reduce Frosto consumption if they were only req jired to ensure the structural integrity of the tainter
 gates and not maintain constant operational readiness, although the amount saved would be difficult to
 quant,fy without field experiments. No such experiments were discovered during the research for thK
 report.

       The USAGE operates the GDHP and other powerplants under the premise that tainter gates
must always maintain operational readiness.  If flU USAGE were to analyze this position, they might find
that during winter periods, it is not necessary to maintain fully operational tainter gates at all of its
                                             36

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   facilities.  For instance, at the GDHP, the tain
   history of the plant. Three flood control tunne
   all excess water buildup in Lake Sakakawea.
   gate system as operationally ready during the
   maintain this status while ensuring the potential
          The assessments of the operational s
                                           er gates have never been required for flood control in the
                                           s at the facility have historically been sufficient to handle
                                           It might not be necessary to maintain the entire tainter
                                           winter. Possibly only a portion of the gate system could
                                             for adequate water discharge.
                                           atus of tainter gates should be made on a plant-by-plant
 u~ •   ««_   .   ,                                 -------- j»<-«-~ WMWUIU uc niaue un a pian
 be,*. Other hydropower facilities may not have flood control tunnels capable of handling the
 water that the three tunnels at the GDHP are instructed to manage. However, it is likely that
 Plants need not maintain fully operational status for their tainter gates year-round. If al. USAGE co.d-
 area tainter gate systems were analyzed and status .evels altered where feasible, it is possible that a
 significant reduction in antifreeze use could be
                                                                                             of
                                            achieved.
  4.1.3.3 Physical Ice Reduction Options

         Barring a reassessment of maintaining
 deicing, several years ago the GDHP analyzed
from
                                           the operational status of tainter gates year-round, the
                                         •=	r~.-,.,«,,a, oiaiuoui lejiiuei gates year-round
GDHP w,ll continue to need to fu.ly dear the tai Her gate area of ice. ,n order to ensure adequate
deiCinO  KPVPral uo-are **nn Mt*« /TTMJO	i	  ...
                                           the possibility of having the area near the bubbler system
                                       '    -—i ------ "-j «• iiavina uieaiea near ine DUDblersvst
 dredged and repaired. During this assessment ft was determined that to ensure the system's .astinc,
 future operation, one section of nearby embank ™t would have to be stabilized to prevent erosion
     ™b       be aCCOm'lished * *J#* the area with meta, cables to prevent soi, and rock
        The dredging and bank stabilization would likely increase the effectiveness of the bubbler
 systera  However, the main function of the stabifeation would be to repair the lake bed and banks
 Currently, there are no safety or engineering concerns that indicate the repairs are immediately
 necessary. The USAGE has not yet approved the repairs, and the GDHP does not expect tha the
 repair is imminent.

       An alternative to having the bubbler system repaired was advanced by USAGE'S Cold Region
Research Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). Thi CRREL, .ocated in Hanover, New Hampshire, has
performed numerous assessments of bubbler sy tern and tainter gate operations in its history  CRREL
personne, mdicated that the bubb,er system could be supp.emented by instal.ing heating elements near

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  the seals of the tainter gates.  These electric-p >wered elements would be encased in oil and sealed.
  The heaters use a self-regulating heating elemjnt and require little maintenance once installed.

         A heating element system has been op erating effectively for approximately 2 years at the
  Refuge Structures Project, which is a joint Unitid States and Canadian project to oversee recreation,
  wildlife, and flood control, located in North Dakota and Canada.  The system consists of 7 dams on a
 number of reservoirs throughout the area.  The
 without problems.  It has required essentially no maintenance since'it was installed.  The heaters are
 normally kept off until gate operation is requirec
 free the tainter gates from ice.
electric heater system has functioned on all 7 dams
.  Once turned on, the heaters require 8 to 30 hours to
         The heating element system would perbrm two functions to prevent ice formation at the
 spillway. First, it would directly heat the seals of the tainter gates, thus melting ice that could block the
 use of the gates. Second, by acting in concert jvith the bubbler system, it would help prevent ice
 formation on the surface of Lake Sakakawea near the gates. The bubbler system would have the effect
 of circulating the heated water up to the surface  The bubbles and heated water would melt the ice more
 rapidly than either system alone. These systenr s, if operated efficiently, would likely reduce the amount
 of antifreeze needed to keep the bubbler lines c ear.  Two scenarios for heating element installation are
 included in the profitability PPOA worksheets (worksheet number 9, sheets 7 and 8) in Appendix A.

        Another physical method of ice prevent! jn that has been used at USAGE facilities is a water
 mixer. This system operates by moving warmer water from the bottom of the water body to the colder
 surface.  This is essentially the same function that the bubbler system performs at the GDHP. It is
 unlikely that the addition of such a system would help the GDHP markedly, since the bubbler already
 performs the task of moving warmer water to tW surface.  However, this system appears to be
 environmentally preferable to bubbler units, sinck it does not require antifreeze. If plants must make a
 decision  on using bubblers x>r water mixers, water mixers appear to be the environmentally appropriate
 choice.

4.1.3.4 Alternative Chemical Use

       A fully functional bubbler system, or a bi bbler system combined with heating elements, would
be an effective option to curtailing ice formation near the tainter gates.  However, until the bubbler
system is repaired or heating elements are instal
environmentally acceptable compounds besides
ed, the GDHP may be able to use more
Frosto in the bubbler system. Frosto contains 70 to 99
                                             38

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 Fahrenheit (F)]. In addition, the boiling point o
 percent methanol, which is moderately toxic and highly flammable [i.e., methanol has a flashpoint of 52<
                                           methanol is 148.5°F, making it volatile at ambient
 temperatures.  Approximately 1,630 gallons of Frosto are sprayed under the waters near the tainter
 gates every year.  Methanol is subject to SARA 313 reporting requirements and is listed as one of the
 189 HAPs under section 112(b) of the 1990 Clfean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The following
 paragraphs discuss the advantages and disadvantages of several alternatives to the use of methanol.

        One possible alternative to Frosto woJld be propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is a compound
 which exhibits low toxicity and is an excellent Antifreeze. Inhalation and ingestion hazards from
 propylene glycol are minimal in comparison to methanol. Propylene glycol has been successfully used
 as a deicing compound for airplanes .for many years. It is also gaining popularity as a more
 environmentally acceptable alternative to ethyljne glycol as an antifreeze in automobile radiators.
 Chemical properties of propylene glycol includej a high boiling point (369°F), a low melting point (-76T),
 and a much higher flashpoint than methanol (225°F). The higher flashpoint makes  propylene glycol less
 flammable than methanol and a higher boiling point ensures less volatility at ambient temperatures.
        There appear to be no recommended
 established by the Occupational and Safety Health
 of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
 Propylene glycol is not subject to SARA 313
 HAPs under section 112(b) of the 1990 Clean
 glycol is contained in Appendix B.
        Another possible alternative antifreeze
ether.  This chemical has been introduced as a
                                         occupational breathing limits for propylene glycol as
                                             Administration (OSHA) or the American Conference
                                           although acute health effects have been documented.
                                        reporting requirements and is not listed as one of the 189
                                         Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The MSDS for propylene
                                          s 1-methoxy-2-propanol or propylene glycol monomethyl
                                         an antifreeze for diesel engines.  The compound is
considered to be mildly toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin contact.  The boiling point for 1-methoxy-
2-propanol is not as high as the boiling point for
methoxy-2-propanol is higher than methanol (91
                                          propylene glycol (245°F, 118°C).  The flashpoint for 1-
                                           T, 33°C), however, it is still considered to be
flammable. The MSDS for 1-methoxy-2-propanol is contained in Appendix B. Recommended exposure
limits for 1 -methoxy-2-propanol established by Both OSHA and ACGIH are about half of the limits
established for methanol. This compound is a glycol ether and is likely included on the SARA 313
Community Right to Know list. It is reported in t le EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory.
It is not included with the list of 189 HAPs under section 112(b) of the CAAA.
                                             39

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         Ethanol may also be considered as an alternative to the use of methanol. Ethanol is considered
 to be moderately toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin contact.  Occupational exposure limits for
 ethanol have been established by both OSHA and ACGIH, and these limits are much higher than either
 methanol or 1-methoxy-2-propanol.  Ethanol is not included in the list of 189 HAPs under section 112(b)
 of the CAM. However, ethanol is reported in EPA's TSCA inventory. The boiling point for ethanol is
 172°F and the flashpoint for ethanol is 46°F.  T
  lerefore, ethanol appears to be more flammable than
 any of the compounds mentioned above. Ethar ol is less volatile than methanol but more volatile than
 both propylene glycol and 1-methoxy-2-propanc I.  An MSDS for ethanol is included in Appendix B of this
 report.
        Of the three alternate antifreeze compo
 the best alternative in terms of minimizing any
 this chemical also has the highest vaporization
 impractical without significant modifications. An
 be performed to determine their applicability for
 and lexicological properties and hazardous substances'
 compounds is contained in Table 5.
  jnds mentioned above, propylene glycol appears to offer
e ivironmental or occupational hazards. Unfortunately,
 point, which might make its use in the bubbler system
  assessment of the alternative chemicals would have to
  :he deicing system.  A summary of the various chemical
       ;' reporting requirements for each of the antifreeze
        As stated previously, the ideal way to prsvent ice formation would be with no chemical addition.
 Unfortunately, the bubbler systems will not operate without some antifreeze addition.  However, as
 discussed in this section, more environmentally acceptable chemicals could potentially be employed.  It
 is also possible that the levels of antifreeze use could be markedly reduced by a minor equipment
 change.  This is discussed in the next section.

 4.1.3.5 Pulse Rate Reduction

       A reduction of chemical use was achieved in the Gavins Point Project, a USAGE hydropower
plant in Yankton, South Dakota, when their bubb
  er system was refurbished in 1974.  During this
refurbishing, the pulse speed of the antifreeze VE porizer was reduced. The pulse speed is the number of
times per minute the unit injects a volume of vaporized antifreeze into the bubbler lines.  This decrease
in pulse speed, from nine pulses per minute to sk, has reduced antifreeze consumption from
approximately 15 55-gallon barrels annually to eight to ten 55-gallon barrels annually.  Gavins Point
personnel indicated that they believed additional
further, although this would require mechanically
reductions in 1974 were accomplished by simply
 reductions could be achieved by lowering the pulse rate
 modifying the current vaporizing unit. The pulse rate
 modifying the settings of the vaporization unit.
                                             40

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                                               o
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                                  a>
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Highly
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by in
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ACGIH ex
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                                   41

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 significantly colder climate than the Yankton a
        The pulse rate at the Garrison plant should be lowered if possible. The Riverdale area has a
i area, so the GDHP will inevitably require more antifreeze
 consumption than Gavins Point. However, it is very possible that significant reductions could be
 achieved by reducing consumption rates.

 4.1.3.6 Summary and Conclusions

        Table 6 contains a summary of the possible alternative methods of reducing pollution from
 tainter gate deicing. The table includes estimated costs for the options where available. The table
 shows that a reduction of chemical additions can be accomplished with the massive project of dredging
 and repairing the bubbler system and nearby embankments, or by installing heating elements at the
 tainter gates. However, pulse rate reduction or alternative chemical use might be less expensive
 pollution prevention options. A USAGE assess ment of the necessity for year-round operational
 readiness of spillways would set a baseline for
 clearer picture of which options are preferable.
4.1.4   Other PPQA Issues
4.1.4.1  Oil Sampling
       Currently, the GDHP samples the OCB
   the amount of deicing necessary, and would allow a
    and transformer oil from each unit onsite twice a year.
Lubricating oil from the five turbine bearings is also tested once every three years. Testing all the units
generates approximately 30 gallons a year of Jaste oil that must be disposed of.  During the many
years of testing at the GDHP, the oils have nevlr been found to be significantly contaminated.
Certainly, the oils must be tested occasionally to determine that they have not become fouled or
otherwise damaged. However, it may be possible to reduce the frequency of these tests, and thereby
generate less waste.
                                            42

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         GDHP personnel indicated that USAGE'S procedure for oil testing is to withdraw one quart of oil
  from the system. However, only approximately half of this volume is actually necessary for testing. If
  the oil sampling withdrawal requirement was reduced to the minimum withdrawal necessary, oil waste
  production would be reduced.
  4.1.4.2 Parts Washing
         According to GDHP personnel, the m
  removing grease. The ultrasonic cleaners an
neral spirits parts washers are capable of rapidly
 considered effective, but can require much longer to
 clean a part.  They also require more manual scrubbing of the part to clean it  It is difficult to assess
 how important cleaning speed is to the operation of the GDHP.  It is probable that some heavily
 greased objects would be difficult to properly jlean in the ultrasonic cleaner in a reasonable amount of
 time. However, if GDHP personnel made a concerted effort to use the ultrasonic baths more often, the
 mineral spirits bath would need replacement tess often.

         The GDHP has tried a citrus-based cloaner in the parts washer as a replacement for mineral
 spirits. This cleaner worked very effectively, bLt its odor was found very offensive by some of the
 workers. Apparently,  some workers also related health concerns to the fumes from the citrus cleaner.
 GDHP management decided to remove the citrus-based cleaner and refill the parts washer with mineral
 spirits.
        It is unfortunate that the citrus cleaner
Fumes are offensive to GDHP personnel, as it appears to
 be an environmentally preferable option to mineral spirits. It would be ideal if the GDHP could locate
 another more tolerable cleaner that has environmental benefits.  However, it is possible that any parts
 cleaner will have to be disposed of as a hazardous waste, since once the cleaner is used, it will contain
 various oils and greases. The GDHP might bear the same costs for disposing of any spent cleaner.
Therefore, any environmental benefits from the
intangible.
4.1.4.3 Recycling
use of an alternative cleaner could be somewhat
        The GDHP has paper and aluminum cs n recycling programs onsite. It appears that most of the
office paper onsite is placed in recycling bins aJd not ordinary trash. However, there are few aluminum
can recycling bins in the powerplant, and it appears that many cans are put in ordinary trash recepta-
                                            44

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 cles. If the GDHP situated more aluminum car
 effort to ensure that the bins were used, it is probable
 reduced.
                                   recycling bins in the powerplant building, and made an
                                         that aluminum can waste could be substantially
4.2     POTENTIAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND SUMMARY

        Several projects were identified as a rejsult of this PPOA which, if successful, should improve
the understanding of pollution prevention alternatives having broader applicability than the GDHP.  The
most significant projects are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Installation of non-grease lubricated wicket gate bearing systems.
Use of a repaired, fully operational bubbler system.
Addition of a heating element system t
Testing and using alternative antifreez
 supplement the bubbler system.
s with preferable environmental characteristics.
Lowering the pulse rate of antifreeze in ection to the bubbler system to the minimum safe level.
Assessing the need for maintaining fuliy operational tainter gates year-round.
Table 7 contains a summary of the most signif
recommended for those streams.
                            significant wastestreams generated by the GDHP, and options
                                           45

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   APPENDIX A
PPOA WORKSHEETS
      47

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota

Date July 1-3. 1994
                                      Pollution Prevention
                                    Assessment Worksheets
                                Pro]. No. 016450111-00007
                          Prepared By   Bowman

                          Checked By   J. Smith

                          Sheet  1 _of 1   Page	of.
         WORKSHEET
              1
OPTION GENERATION
                                          m. »—vi«. hm
                                            MV tli.nvll
                                          0« 0*J«»*J
                                              I ff****fi«A
                                                   48

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Firm GDHP Pollution P
Assessment
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994 RfOJ No Q1 g^
revention Prepared By Bowman
Worksheets * 	 	
Checked By J. Smith
0111-00007 Sheet 1 of 1 Paae of
WORKSHEET SITE DESCRIPTION
.
Firm: United States Army Corps of Engineers
Plant: Garrison Dam Hydroelectric Powerplant
Department:
Area:
Street Address: Box 517 - Powerplant
City: Riverdale
State/Zip Code: North Dakota 58565
Telephone: (701) 654-7441
Major Products: Electricity generated by hydropowi

SIC Codes:
EPA Generator Number:
Major Unit:
Product or Service:









*





Operations: Control and maintenance of five turbine-powered generators electrical
switchyard, outlet works, spillway, and all other onsite equipment •








Facilities/Equipment Age: Construction was completed and power first generatori jn WQ






49

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION


Prepared
Checked E
Sheet 1 <
3y Bowman
5y J. Smith
af 5 Page of

Process Unit/Operation: TURBINES AND GENERATOR UNITS
Operation Type: CD Continuous
D Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Flow/Amount Measurements
Stream


Analyses/Assays
Stream


Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and Instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Flow Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
Permit/Permit Applications
Batch Sheetfs)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules

Complete?
(Y/N)
Y

Y
Y
Y



N



Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
D Discrete
D Other
Status
Current!?
(Y/N) I
Y

Y
Y
Y







Y
Y
Y
Y
Y


Y







Y
Y

	
Last
Revision































Used in this
Report (Y/N)
Y

N
Y
Y







Y
N
Y
N
Y


Y







Y
Y


Document
Number































Location































50

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Firm GDHP
Sltt Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution P
Assessment
ProJ. No. 01642'
revention
Worksheets
0111-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION


Prepared
Checked
Sheet 2
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 5 Page of

Process UniVOperation: TRANSFORMERS AND OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS. INCLUDING OIL RECYCLING
Operation Type: El Continuous
D Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Flow/Amount Measurements
Stream
Analyses/Assays
Stream
Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Row Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
Permit/Permit Applications
Batch Sheet(s)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules

Complete?
(Y/N)
Y

N
Y
N

N

Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Curren
(Y/N)
D Discrete
D Other
Status
?
Y


Y




Y






Y








Y





Last
Revision




























Used in this
Report (Y/N)
' Y


Y




Y






Y








Y



Documen
Number




























Location

























•


51

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution P
Assessment
Proj. No. 01645-
•evention
Worksheets
0111-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION

Process Unit/Operation: OUTLET WORKS
Operation Type: 09 Continuous
D Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Flow/Amount Measurements
• Stream


Analyses/Assays
Stream
Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and Instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Flow Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
Permit/Permit Applications
Batch Sheet(s)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules

Complete?
(Y/N)
Y

Y
Y
Y



N

Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
'N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N

Prepared
Checked
Sheet 3
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 5 Page of


O Discrete
D Other
Status
Current?
(Y/N) I
Y

Y
Y
Y





Y

Y
Y











Y
Y



Last
Revision






























Used in this
Report (Y/N
Y

Y
Y
Y





Y

Y
Y











Y
Y



Documen
Number






























Location






























52

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Rrm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution 1
Assessment
Proj. No._01645
'revention
Worksheets
•0111-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION


Prepared
Checked
Sheet 4
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 5 Page of

Process Unit/Operation: SPILLWAY AND TAINTER GATJES
Operation Type: D Continuous
D Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Row/Amount Measurements
Stream

Analyses/Assays
Stream

Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and Instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Row Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
PermiVPermit Applications
Batch Sheet(s)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules

Complete?
(Y/N)
Y
N


Y


N


Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
El Discrete
O Other
Status
Current?
(Y/N)1
Y



Y





Y

Y
Y











Y
Y













Last
Revision






























Used in thi
Report (Y/N
Y



Y





Y

Y
Y











Y
Y



Documen
Number






























Location


























.
- •


53

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution P
Assessment \
Proj. No. 01645-
evention
Yorksheats
D11 1-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION

Process Unit/Operation: WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
Operation Type: H Continuous
O Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Flow/Amount Measurements
Stream ,


Analyses/Assays'
Stream


Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and Instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Row Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
Permit/Permit Applications
Batch Sheet(s)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules

Complete?

-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Datt July 1-3. 1994
WORKSHEET
4
Pollution Prevention Prepared
Assessment Worksheets
1 Checked E
111-00007 Sheet 1 <
INPUT MATERIALS SUMMARY
SEE SECTION 3.1J TABLE 1
Attribute
Name/10
Source/Supplier

Component/Attribute of Concern

Annual Consumption Rat*
Overall
Component(s) of Concern

Purchase Price, $ per 	
Overall Annual Cost

Delivery Mode1
Shipping Container Size & type*
Storage Mode1
Transfer Mode*
Empty Container Disposal Management*
Shelf Life
Supplier Would
• accept expired material? (Y/N)
- accept shipping containers: (Y/N)
- revise expiration date? (Y/N)
Acceptable Substitute(s), if any
Alternate Supplier(s)

By Bowman
Jy J. Smith
Jf_1_ Page of

Description
Stream No.

























Stream No.

























Stream No.

























Notes: 1. e.g., pipeline, tank car, 100 bbl tank truck, truc'k, etc.
2. e.g., 55 gal drum 100 Ib paper bag, tank, etc. I
3. e.g., outdoor, warehouse, underground, aboveground, etc.
4. e.g., pump, forklift, pneumatic transport, conveyor, etc.
5. e.g., crush and landfill, clean and recycle, return to supplier, etc.

55

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Firm GDHP p
Ass
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994 proj NQ

dilution Prevention Prepared
essment Worksheets
Checked
01645-0111-00007 Sheet 1
WORKSHEET PRODUCT SUMMARY I

Attribute
Name/10

Component/Attribute of Concern
	 —————— __^__ — ,...,. .

Annual Consumption Rate
Overall
Component(s) of Concern

Annual Revenues, $

Shipping Mode
Shipping Container Size & type
Onsiie Storage Mode
Containers Returnable (Y/N)
Shelf Ufe
Rework Possible (Y/N)
Customer Would
— • — — 	 _ 	 .
- relax specification (Y/N)
- accept larger containers (Y/N)


.





Stream

Description
No.
E!ectricity|








Avg. 324.000 KW


NA


• i HI 	 .-.-

Power lines
-
Reservoir
-
~
-
-









-••I'. 	 	 ,...ii....».j














Stream No.

















. .



""
— 	
f
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 1 Page of
—— — — — — — — — __
Stream No.



	



1 ••- 	 •••
	






— '•.•.
— -
- 	 	 	 	 — _

" • •

56

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
g
Pollution
Assessment
Proj. No. 0164J
Prevention Prepared
Worksheets
Checked I
-0111-00007 Sheet 1
WASTE STREAM
SUMMARY
By Bowman
3y J. Smith
of 6 Page of

• TURBINES AND GENERATOR UNITS
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units gallons ).
Overall
Component(s) of Concern


Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen dram )
Overall (per year)

Method of Management1

Priority Rating Criteria*
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
Wt(W)









Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Rank

Description
Stream No. 1
Lubrication
on
Samplirpg/transfer
Turbine's
approximately 3





$300






less than S30


Off site energy
recovery

Ratir
(R)










9









E(RxVV)



RxW











Stream No.














Stream No.














Rating Rating
(R) RxW (R) RxW









E(RxW) E(RxW)

Notes: 1. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous waste landfill, on-site recycle, incineration,
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering, etc.
2. Rate each stream Jn each category on a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (high).
57

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1 -3. 1 994
WORKSHEET
6
Po8utJonPJ
Assessment
Proj.No. 01645-(
tv*ntion Prepared
VorksheeU
Checked E
)11 1-00007 Sheet 2
WASTE STREAM SUMMARY
By Bowman
3y J. Smith
af 6 Page of

TRANSFORMERS j^ND OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units )
Overall
Component(s) of Concern


Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen )
Overall (per year)

Method of Management1

Priority Rating Criteria7
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
Wt(W)









Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Rank

Stream
Description
No. 2
Transformer Oil
Transfer & recycling
transformers
15-20 ga)|ons







Stream No. 3
OCBOil
Transfer &
recycling
OCBs
15-20 gallons


;


S300/drum
S75



Off site energy
recovery |

Rating
(R)









E(RxW)



S300/drum
$75

Off site energy
recovery

I
RxW
Rating
(R) RxW
;
i
















E(RxW)

Stream No. 4
Filters
Oil Recycling
Transformers. OCBs
Several dozen filters





- (solid waste)


-arxtfill

Rating
(R) R x W









E(RxW)
• _ .
Notes. 1. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous wast^ landfill, on-site recycle, incineration,
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering, etc. .
2. Rate each stream in each category on a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (high).
58

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
6
Pollution P
Assessment
Proj. No. 01645-
WASTE STREA
' OUTLET WORKS
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units 	 )
Overall
Component(s) of Concern


Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen )
Overall (per year)

Method of Management1

Priority Rating Criteria*
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
Wt(W)









Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Rank

reventlon Prepared
Worksheets
Checked 1
)11 1-00007 Sheet_3_
M

SUMMARY

By Bowman
3y J. Smith
of 6 Page of

Description
Stream No. S
Mullifak EPS
Bearings

Wicket GJates
5.200 pounds




- (releas
water)





Ratine
(R)













ed into















E(RxW)



RxW











Stream No. 6
Frosto
Bubblers
Surge Tanks
<55 gallons




- (released into
water)





Stream No.














Rating Rating
(R) RxW (R) RxW









E(RxW) E(RxW)

Notes: 1. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous waste landfill, on-sHe recycle, incineration,
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering. etc.
2. Rate each stream in each category on a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (high).
59

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Finn GDHP
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
6

Pollution Prevention Prepared
Assessment worksheets
Checked
Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007 Sheet 4
WASTE STREAM SUMMARY
SPILLWAY AND TA
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units^gaHomiJ
Overall
Component(s) of Concern


Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen 	 )
Overall (per year)

Method of Management'

Priority Rating Criteria1
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
Wt. (W)









Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Rank

NTER GATES
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 6 Page of

Description
Stream No. 7
Frosto

Bubbler lines
Tainter G<
1.650




tes





- (released into
water)






Deposits into water

Rating
(R)









E(RxW)


RxW











Stream No.














Stream No.














Rating Rating
(R) RxW (R) RxW









£(RxW) E(RxW)

Notes: 1. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous wast«j landfill, on-site recycle, incineration,
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering, etc.
2. Rate each stream in each category on a scale f|rom 0 (none) to 10 (high).
60

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
Pollution P
Assessment
ProJ. No. 01645-
revention Prepared
Worksheets
Checked
)11 1-00007 Sheet 6
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 6 Page of
WASTE STREAJM SUMMAcy
RECYCLING
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units 	 )
Overall
Component(s) of Concern


Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen 	 )
Overall (per year)

Method of Management1

Priority Rating Criteria1
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
WL(W)









Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Bank


Description
Stream No._9
Aluminum cans
Soda consumption
Recycling
Unknown

Canscoi
recycled



Id be
Stream No.






'
t
- (sold vfaste)



Landfa

Rating
(R)
























E(RxW)



RxW

















Stream No.














Rating Rating
(R) RxW (R) RxW









E(RxW) E(RxW)

Notes: i. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous waste landfill, on-sHe recycle, incineration
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering, etc. '
2. Rate each stream in each category on a scale] from 0 (none) to 10 (high).
62

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
WORKSHEET
7

Pollution
Prevention , Prepared By Bowman
Assessment WorKsneets
Checked By J. Smith
Proj. No. 016450111-00007 Sheet 1 of 1 Page of
OPTION GENERATION

Meeting format (e.g., bralnstorming, nominal group technique) Brainslorminq
Meeting Coordinator Jan Smith
Meeting Participants Dan Bowman, Jan Smith. Dal4 Evenson, Bob Krumweide, Tern Hoagland,
Patricia O'Brien


List Suggestion Options
SEE ATTACHED



•


















Rationale/Remarks on Option























63

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L

A.
B.
          USAGE GARRISON DAM HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANT
                       RIVERDALE, NORTH DAKOTA
                     PPOA BRAINSTORMING SESSION
                              6/1/94 TO 6/3/94

OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE WASTE GENERATION

INPUT MATERIALS

Identify areas that appear to be candidates for reduction or alteration of current practices to
educe input materials                                                  K «"*«,*» iu

Investigate use of alternative materials which are environmentally preferable

Reduce consumption  rates where feasible
       Ensure products are purchased in volumes .that prevent waste from expiration of shelf
WASTE MANAGEMENT

Segregate wastes and attempt to

Recycle and reuse materials where

Reduce sampling size for oil sampling

Use care when handling materials, especially
                                    reta n value of components
                                     possible
                                                                         life
                                        of transformers, OCBs. and turbine lubricating oils

                                              when transferring and sampling oils
       AWARENESS

       Communicate environmental informal! >n and objectives to employees

       Periodic "friendly" inspections of areas to assess environmental status

       Ensure employees understand environmental impacts of all processes and materials

       Allow employees latitude to find envirc nmentally preferable methods to performing business
                                           64

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 II.
 A.
B.
D.
 INVESTIGATION BY PROCESS
 TURBINES AND GENERATOR UNITS
        Investigate alternative paints that are
                                  more durable than current vinyl system on turbine
 Use ultrasonic bath whenever possib e
 Attempt to locate alternative to mineral
 Ensure that maintenance activities
                                       ars
 TRANSFORMERS AND OIL CIRCUIT
 Minimize oil sampling frequency to mi
 Reduce oil sample size to minimum
       Ensure oil transfers proceed with caution
       shutdown of the transfer
       OUTLET WORKS
       Attempt to locate alternatives to
       bearings
       Ensure that future repainting of surge
       acceptable paints
                                                                that do not require oil
   to avoid mineral spirits bath
   spirits bath
   not performed unnecessarily
   BREAKERS
 nimum necessary
qecessary
    to minimize spilled oil, especially during startup and
                             greased lubrication system currently used in wicket gate
                                  tanks is performed with high quality, environmentally
SPILLWAY AND TAINTER GATES
                          chemicals to use in tainter gate bubbler system for deicing other

                                  ection rate to bubbler system
       Minimize antifreeze use by lowering in
Assess the need for maintaining constant operational readiness of the tainter gate system
Install alternative physical deicing syste
       operate at full effectiveness
                                         ms at the gates, like heating elements or mixers
                                                and banks to altow 
-------
E.     OTHER AREAS OF OPERATION



       Assess the water treatment area for waste



       Determine if consumer recycling procedures
generation and reduction possibilities



 could be made more effective
                                          66

-------
 Firm  GDHP
 Site  Riverdale. North Dakota

 Data  July 1-3. 1994	
                      Po lution Prevention
                    Assessment Worksheets
                Proj. No.  01645-0111-00007
Prepared By   Bowman

Checked By   J. Smith

Sheet_J_of_8_ Page	of
           WORKSHEET
                8
                     OPTION DESCRIPTION
Option Name  Oil Sampling and Transfer Reductions
Briefly describe the option;  Be cautious of spjlling oil during transfers, and reduce sample
volumes to the minimum necessary.
Waste Stream(s) Affected;  1,2,3,4
Input Material(s) Affected; Lubrication, transformer and OCB oils, filters
Product(s) Affected: Oils and filters under various trade names
Indicate Type:
I Source Reduction
     	 Equipment-Related Change
      X
     	 Materials-Related
                           Personnel/Procec ure-Related Change
               D Recycling/Reuse
                      	Onsite
                          Offsite
                                         Change
                   	 Material reused for original purpose
                   	 Material used for a lower-quality purpose
                   	 Material sold
Originally proposed by;  TRC
                          Date:
Reviewed by TRC
                          Date:
Approved for study?    X   yes
                   no     By:  TRC
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection  Might reduce on loss and waste.
                                             67

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      GOHP
Site  Riverdale, North Dakota

Date  July 1-3. 1994	
                    Pollution Prevention
                  Assessment Worksheets
              Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007
Prepared BY   Bowman

Checked By    J. Smith

Sheet 2 of 8  Page	of
          WORKSHEET
               8
                   OPT1CJN DESCRIPTION
Option Name Installation of alternate bearing materials
Briefly describe the option: Remove current grease-lubricated bushings from wicket gates and
 efurbish units with a non-grease lubricated system.
Waste Stream(s) Affected:  Number 5
Input Material(s) Affected:  Grease lubricant
 Product(s) Affected:  Multifax EP2
 Indicate Type:
Source Reduction
    	 Equlpment-Relatec
                                           Change
                       	 Personnel/Procediire-Related Change
                        X  Materials-Related Change
                D Recycling/Reuse
                      	Onsite
                           Offsite
                  	 M rterlal reused for original purpose
                  	Material used for a lower-quality purpose
                    -   Material sold
 Originally proposed by:  Patricia O'Brien
                                        Date:  6/1/94
 Reviewed by TRC
                          Date:
 Approved for study?    X  yes
                   no     By: TRC
 Reason for Acceptance or Rejection  Reduction ol a significant waste stream
                                              68

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Firm GDHP Pollution Prevention Prepared By Bowman
Assessment Worksheets
Site Riverdale. North Dakota 1 Checked By J. Smith
• '
Date July 1-3, 1994 Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007 Sheet 3 of 8 Page of
WORKSHEET OPTION DESCRIPTION
8

Option Name Operational status assessment
Briefly describe the option: Determine if it is n(
for operation year-around.





Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 6

Input Materlal(s) Affected: Antifreeze

Produces) Affected: Frosto

Indicate Type: C3 Source Reduction
	 Equipment-Related
X Personnel/Procedi
	 Materials-Related C
D Recycling/Reuse
__ Onslte M«
	 Offsite Mt
Ms
Originally proposed by: Patricia O'Brien
Reviewed by TRC
Approved for study? X yes no
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might reduce



scessary to keep the tainter gates ready












Change
ire-Reiaied Change
hange
terial reused for original purpose
terial used for a lower-quality purpose
terial sold
Date: 6/2/94
Date:
By: TRC
antifreeze consumption
69

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 Firm  GDHP
 Site  Riverdale. North Dakota

 Date  July 1-3. 1994
                      Pollution Prevention
                    Assessment Worksheets
                                 Proj. No.  01645-0111-00007
                     Prepared By   Bowman

                     Checked By   J. Smith

                     Sheet 4 of 8  Page	of
          WORKSHEET
               8
                     OPTION DESCRIPTION
Option Name Pulse rate reduction
Briefly describe the option: Reduce the rate of pnjection of antifreeze to the bubbler
system to the lowest possible level.
Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 6
Input Materials) Affected:  Antifreeze
Produces) Affected: FrostO
Indicate Type:
I Source Reduction
      X   Equipment-Related'Change
     	 Personnel/Procedurje-Related Change
     	 Materials-Related C lange
               D Recycling/Reuse
                     	  Onslte
                     	  Offsite
                   	 Material reused for original purpose
                   	 Material used for a tower-quality purpose
                        Material sold
Originally proposed by; Gavins Point Hydroelectric PowerplantDate:  8/8/94
Reviewed by TRC
                           Date:
Approved for study?
        yes
                                    no
By: TRC
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might reduce antifreeze consumption
                                             70

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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994

WORKSHEET
8

Pol
Asset
ProJ. No. .

utlon Prevention Prepared By Bowman
sment Worksheets 	
Checked By J. Smith
01645-0111-00007 Sheetjj of 8 Paae of
OPT1JON DESCRIPTION


Option Name Alternative antifreezes
.


Briefly describe the option: Use alternative, more environmentally acceptable antifreezes
than methanol.





Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 6

Input Materlal(s) Affected: Antifreeze

Produces) Affected: FrostO

Indicate Type: Kl Source Reduction
X Equipment-Relate
	 Personnel/Procedi
X Materials-Related
*
D Recycling/Reuse
	 Onsite M
Offsite M
— M
Originally proposed by: TRC
Reviewed by TRC
Approved for study? X yes
no












d Change
ire-Related Change
Change
aterial reused for original purpose
aterlal used for a lower-quality purpose
aterial sold
Date: 7/6/94
Date:
By: TRC
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might allow environmentally preferable antifreeze to be used
71

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Firm GDHP Pollution Prevention Prepared By Rnwman
Asses
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994 Pmj No
sment Worksheets
Checked By J. Smith
•>1fi4fi-ni11-'nnnf)7 Sheet 6 of 8 Page of
WORKSHEET OPTION DESCRIPTION
,

Option Name Bubbler system repair
Briefly describe the option: Overhaul bubbler
bottom, reinforce lake bank.





Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 6

Input Materials) Affected: Antifreeze

Product(s) Affected: Frosto

Indicate Type: El Source Reduction
X Equipment-Relate
	 Personnel/Procedi
	 Materials-Related
D Recycling/Reuse
	 Onsite ft
	 Offsite 	 JV
ft/
Originally proposed by: Dale Evenson
Reviewed by TRC
Approved for study? X yes no
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Option woul



system, clear bubbler lines, dredge lake












d Change
ire-Related Change
Change
aterial reused for original purpose
aterial used for a lower-quality purpose
aterial sold
Date: 8/19/94
Date:
By: TRC
i likely reduce antifreeze consumption
72

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Firm GDHP Pol
Asse:
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994 Proj No

utlon Prevention Prepared By Bowman
sment Worksheets
Checked By J. Smith
f)1R4R-0 11 1-00007 Sheet 7 of 8 Page of

WORKSHEET OPTION DESCRIPTION
8

Option Name Heating element addition
Briefly describe the option: Install heating elei






Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number. 6

Input Materials) Affected: Antifreeze

Froduct(s) Affected: FrostO

Indicate Type: B3 Source Reduction
X Equlpment-Relatt
	 Personnel/Proced
	 Materials-Related
D Recycling/Reuse
Onslte ft
Offstte iv
V



nents on tainter gates to assist in deicing.













-------

/
Firm GDHP Pollution Prevention Prepared By Bowman
Assessment Worksheets
Site Riverdale. North Dakota Checked By J. Smith
Date July 1-3, 1994 Proj, No. 01 645-01 1 1 -00007 Sheet 8 of 8 Page of

WORKSHEET | OPTION DESCRIPTION
8

Option Name Increase recycling
Briefly describe the option: Put more recycling
can volume in trash.


•


Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 9

Input Materials) Affected: Aluminum cans

Produet(s) Affected: various

Indicate Type: D Source Reduction
	 	 Equipment-Related
	 Personnel/Procedu
	 Materials-Related C
K) Recycling/Reuse
__ Onstte M:
X Offsite X M
Mi
Originally proposed by: TRC
Reviewed by TRC
Approved for study? X yes no
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might help re



bins around the powerplant to reduce aluminum












Change
re-Related Change
hange
terial reused for original purpose
aterial used for a lower-quality purpose
terial sold
Date: 6/2/94
Date:
By: TRC
luce solid waste generation
74

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 Firm  GDHP
 Site  Riverdale. North Dakota


 Data  July 1-3. 1994	
              l
        Pollution Prevention
      Assessment Worksheets
   ProJ. No. 01645-0111-00007
Prepared By   Bowman


Checked By   J. Smith


Sheet  1  of 9   Page	of
           WORKSHEET
                                         PROFITABILITY
                                 OIL SAMPLING AND TRANSFER REDUCTIONS
 Capital Costs

 	Purchased Equipment
        Materials
        Installation
        Utility Connections
        Engineering
        Start-up and Training
        Other Capital Costs
               Total Capital Costs $0
 incremental Annual Operating Costs


 	Change In Disposal Costs $75/yr1
        Change In Raw Material Costs Unknown2
        Change in Other Costs
               Annual Net Operating Cost Savings $75
Payback Period (In years)
     Total Capital Costs
                             Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
        Immediate
1 Assuming a 50% reduction rate of oil consumption by
              both reduced spillage and sampling volume.
JHW  7jP purchased 6'°°° 9a»ons of transformer and OCB oil in 1983. However, the cost of this purchase
could not be generated. This was the only tansformer and OCB oil nureh*** sin™ »L «IM, ^^^   6
operations.
             I   T- — ——..... . w^rvr* • iv^wv^v^l, u 1^ WWOi Ul U IK) IJUf Wl

only tansformer and OCB oil purchase since the plant commenced
                                               75

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       GDHP
Site  Riverdale, North Dakota

Date  July 1-3. 1994	
  PC llution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
                                 Proj. No.
     01645-0111-00007
Prepared By   Bowman	

Checked By   J. Smith	

Sheet 2 of 9  Page	of
          WORKSHEET
                                         PROFITABILITY
                                 NON-GREASE LUBRICATED WICKET GATE BEARING
                                 REPLACEMENT
Capital Costs

        Purchased Equipment ~
        Materials  --
        Installation -$40,000.00'
        Utility Connections --
        Engineering ? - some design and fitting work
       Start-up and Training --
        Other Capital Costs  ? - lost production
               Total Capital Costs > $40,000.00
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
       Change in Disposal Costs $3,796
       change m Raw Material Costs  - Average Multifak EP2 annual cost
       Change in other Costs ? - less workjer supervision necessary
               Annual Net Operating Cost Savings $3,796
Payback Period (in years) *
                                    Total
    Capital Costs
        10.5 years'
                             Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
| Refurbishing one unit with grease-lubricated beatjings would probably cost close to $40,000.00. If refurbishing
is necessary, payback could be essentially immediate, since installation of greased bearings as replacements
would have similar costs (approximately $40,000, according to Marine Industries Corporation, the United Slates
supplier of Thordon).
                                             76

-------
Firm   GDHP
Site  Riverdale. North Dakota

Date  July 1-3. 1994	
         luti<
         ssm
  Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
ProJ. No.  01645-0111 -00007
Prepared By_ Bowman

Checked By   J. Smith

Sheet 3  of  9  Page	off
          WORKSHEET
                                        PROFITABILITY
                                OPERATIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT
Capital Costs

       Purchased Equipment
       Materials
       Installation
       Utility Connections
       Engineering
       Start-up and Training
       other Capital Costs Research ?  Possibly $20,000.001
              Total Capital Costs  $20,000.00
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
       Change in Disposal Costs
       Change In Raw Material Costs $8,250.00 - FrostO purchase
       Change in Other Costs
              Annual Net Operating Cost Savings $4,125.00
Payback Period (In years) =
                                   Total Capital Costs
                            Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
                                       5 years
1 This is approximate - the study could cost more or

a Assuming Frosto use could be cut in half.
          ess, depending on its scope.
                                               77

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Firm  GDHP
Site  Riverdale. North Dakota

Date  July 1-3. 1994	
           Ion Prevention
    Assessment Worksheets
ProJ. No. _OJ
645-0111-00007
Prepared By   Bowman

Checked By   J. Smith

Sheet 4 of 9  Page	of
          WORKSHEET
                                        PRQFITABIUTY
                                PULSE RATE REDUCTION
Capital Costs

       Purchased Equipment
       Materials
       Installation Up to $500.00
        Utility Connections
        Engineering Up to $500.00
        Start-up and Training
        Other Capital Costs
               Total Capital Costs $1,000.00
 Incremental Annual Operating Costs
        Change In Disposal Costs
        Change in Raw Material Costs $8.250.0<} • FfOStO consumption
        Change in Other Costs
               Annual Net Operating Cost Savfnjgs $4,125.001
 Payback Period (In years)
                                    Total Capital Costs
                             Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
                                       0.25 years
 1 Assuming Frosto use could be cut in half.
                                              78

-------
 Firm  GDHP
 Site  Riverdale. North Dakota
 Date  July 1-3. 1994
          WORKSHEET
               9
      Pollution Prevention
    Assessment Worksheets
                                          01645-0111-00007
Prepared By   Bowman
Checked By   J. Smith
Sheet_5_of_9_ Page	of	
        PROFITABILITY
ALTERNATIVE ANTIFREEZES
 Capital Costs
	Purchased Equipment
        Materials
        Installation ? . difficult to quantify wjthout experimentation2
        Utility Connections
       " • ' • '      »n  in.  ,,MM
        Engineering
                        .
        Start-up and Training
        Other Capital Costs
               Total Capital Costs $8,250.00
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
	Change In Disposal Costs
        Change In Raw Material Costs $8,250.00 - Frosto purchasing
       Change In Other Costs
              Annual Net Operating Cost Savings $8,250.00
Payback Period (In years) =
  Total Capital Costs
                             Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
1 Assuming other chemicals cost approximately the same as Frosto.
                                                               would be low. If modifications are
                                               79

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Firm   GDHP
 Site Riverdale. North
 Date  July 1-3. 1994
                                        Pollution Prevention
                                      Assessment Worksheets
                                  Proj. No.
      01645-0111-OQQQ7
Prepared By  Bowman	
Checked By   J. Smith	
Sheet 6 of 9   Page	of
           WORKSHEET
                9
     PROFITABILITY
                                  BUBBLEF
 Capita! Costs
	 Purchased Equipment
        Materials
        Installation
        Utility Connections
       —
        Engineering $1.5 million
        Start-up and Training
               Total Capital Costs $1,5. million
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
	Change In Disposal Costs
      SYSTEM REPAIR
        Change in Raw Material Costs  ? - diffjcult to quantify1
        Change In Other Costs
               Annual Net Operating Cost Savings ?
Payback Period (In years) =
Total jCapltal Costs
        Unknown
                              Annual Net Of erating Cost Savings
1 Frosto use may be decreased.  However, this
than a pollution prevention option.
   repair must be considered as a structural repair of the lake more
                                              80

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Firm GDHP Pollution Prevention Propm-pd By Rnwrnan
Asses
site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994 Proj No
sment Worksheets
Checked By J. Smith
}1 645-01 11-00007 Sheet 7 of 9 , Page of

WORKSHEET PROFITABILITY
*J HEATING ELEMENT ADDITION, SCENARIO 1
Capital Costs
Purchased Equipment $560,000'
Materials
Installation $140,000*
Utility Connections
Engineering
Start-up and Training
Other Capital Costs
Total Capital Costs $700,000
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
Change In Disposal Costs
Change In Raw Material Costs FrostO










>urchase: $8,250/yr
Change In Other Costs Electricity consumption: $112,000^ —
Annual Net Operating Cost Savjngs -
Payh.rfrD.rf~i (•» y^,,,). Total Capital Costs
Annual Net Op
' Assuming all 28 tainter gates are outfitted with he<
See Scenario 2 (next page) for a reduced scope of
* Assuming a cost equaling 25% of the equipment c
units are bolted or clamped onto the gates and pow
* Assuming $4,000 a year per gate electricity costs.
testing by the Cold Regions Research Engineering
higher than future systems with improved engineerir
Bating Cost Savings
iters. If fewer gates receive heaters, the costs decrease.
heater additions.
ost Installation costs appear to be relatively low, as heating
er wires are run to an electricity source.
This is approximately the cost at which the gates ran during
.aboratory (CRREL). The results were believed to be much
ig and design.
81

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Flm> GDHP Pollut
Assessr
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994 Prft] Nn 
-------
 Firm  GDHP
      Riverdale. North Dakota
 Date  July 1-3. 1994
                                      Pollution Prevention
                                    Assessment Worksheets
                                 Proj. No.
         01645-0111-00007
Prepared By  Bowman	
Checked By   J. Smith	
Sheet 9  of 9   Page	of
          WORKSHEET
             _9
 Capital Costs
        Purch
        Materials
       	
        Installation
        PROFITABILITY
INCREASED RECYCLING
	Utility Connections
        Engineering
gulpment $1001


ctlons

framing
Costs
Capital Costs $100
aerating Costs
posal Costs
iv Material Costs
ter Costs
" 	 * • i











              Annual Net Operating Cost Savings ~
Payback Period (In years) =           Total Capital Costs
                           Annual Net Operating Cost Savings

1 Assuming a maximum of S100 for the purchase of additional recycling bins.
                                           83

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        APPENDIX B
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
            84

-------
c
            * NOTE: NO REPF
                HEREI*
                              TEXACO INC.
                  INDUSTRY HYGIENE. TOX.COLOGY. AND MATER.AL
                          SAFETY DATA SHEET
                           aw&sws
    |Tr«J« Him, r* Synonyms
       995 MULTIFAK r» •»
     Mjnuf»euxtf'» Nam«
     Ttxace Ine.
    |A
-------
 Eff*cu ol Expotur*
 Acute
  Erts            Btlitved to be  minimally irritatinj.
  Skin
               .   B«li«v«d to be  .ininally irritating.
  ft.ipk.ierr SyiMot Btlitvcli to be .ini.ally  irritating.
 Chronic:
                  N.D.
  Ouxr.
Stnsitiiition Prop"«rli«s;
    SWrc  Yes	 No —  Unlnovm JL

M««»n Ulhil Doie fl.OM  LC „ X!Sp«ciej>
Oril __:	.	Believed  to t>* >
WuUiion  .	K.D.   I
      Rejpiralcxy: Yes 	 No	  Unknown JL
Vt  (rat); oraetieally n^-»«.,->
                                             rabbit); practically non-toiig
kritition Index. Eslimition of^lrritjtion (Sp«ci«l)
                                              rabbit); no  appreciable
                   ^      i—"	"^-^	--i-.^ ^.«^w»^/. no  •ppreciaole efte
            »n,.» None expected .tK.r  rhjn po»;bl. ,;,?:..  :-ri-r.rj--

 FUih Point °F. CM«Ihod)
                                                                   jj._D.  (gr«ise)
FUnvrubl* timiu Ot)   LowirN.D.
ProdieU Evolv.d Wh«n Subjteu^ Jo Hwt or Comb«jitor
fi.comm.nded Fir.
                       nfl Aj.ru, And Social Proc.duret:
                 waur iJrav°  ^ *„"?"!  ""  P"t«etion  A,.oe£,ti.n Guide,  „„
                 water .dray,  dry cheaieal, foa«,  or carbon dioxide.
                 Hater ori foaa Bay cauje  frothing. Ut« water to cool fire-
                   n'-     a Ieak or Ip£u  h" not  i
                                                       •I-
      or Exploit*
               . None.
                             86

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r


                                            Disposal W«lN3ge or (.talj
                                                      Contain spill
                                                      and  shovel up.
                  Spittt Cafl CHEMTREC (SOO) 424-93001
                  wipe up  or  absorb on suitable tutorial
                                                      "Wa»t«  Clasiificat
                                                      "teriitici
                                                      discarded
       ion:  Product ha« been  evaluated for RCRA chirac-
and doei not  Beet  criteria of a'hazardouj waite if
in it» purchased fora.
  NOW
                                                                               WCESJAAT
                                      R»»A*m«nu for TfmjpofUtion.
                                      DOT Propif Shipping N*n«     K.A.
                                      DOT Hinfd Cl«» Ct JppSc»blet
                                          	—	; 7»rn.w.«rJ'«c; ,^- - a«.,t«r Than
                                                                   87

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                                                                                  —I

•fatty oil
 f«trol«ua oil
                                                           Exposure Li.lt	'_ gan)te in
 lulfurn.d fatty oil

•Hazardou* according to OSHA  ^1910  i->nn\                                        •
                   6 10 uanA.U910.I200) or on. or »or« ,tate Ri8ht-To-Kno» iiltl.
                                                                                 1.00 -   3.00
                                                                                50.00 -  64.?
                                                                                20.00 -  34.'
                                                                                • 4.00 -  10.<
                                                                                  -00 -  10.99"
                             88

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 i:
i:
i:
i;
i:


                                             NONE CONSIDERED NECESSAXT
                         00995 HULTIFAX If 2

                           NECE
                                   Oit«ic»l/Cocaon  Ka»e
•fatty oil
 Fttroleua oil
 Solvent devaxed heavy  paraf
 Litluua 12-hydroxy»tearatt
 *ulfuri2ed fatty oil

•Hazardoui according to OSHA
                                                                                       Ho"
                                                                                                        ti«it
                                                                inie dittillatt    64742650    5.0ag/a3
Range  in I

 1.00 -  3.99
50.00 - 64.99
20.00 - 34.99
 4.00 - 10.99
 «.00 - 10.99
                                                                (1910.1200) or one or .ore  itat*  Ritht-To-Know liiti.

                                                                                                             HMTS
                                                                                              ?«alth.      s  0   Reactivity  : 0
                                                                                              Flanmability:  1   Special     i -
                              «pcf. fi OP;B
       HEALTH EMEBGENCY TC1.EPHCJN6  OU] 831-3<00 1EXT. 2MI
                                                ,	r ,. ..^.v,. . vfrMI(V . -**-j> T^ir^-7-j.-k-^d. l^»>(» ^iT^^y-ittrVViSi^
                                                                 89

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"^
    *"*• ^Itffi'JK'      |  ,-.    -  TH..K&^*-v.  Co,.,,rvatien  t Toxi.M."
    D.». 	iiJLjj	1  D N.W   B R^«.l S^^»d..   ^-6^.-^	~
   N-0. - Not 0«l.fnvn.d     MA. J- Not A«»krtl«
    <  - U« Th»          >  . &„,„««,
                                90

-------

i:
i:
ij
c
                                        GRATUITOUSLY  INDEPENDENT OF ANY SALE OF THE  BOn.irT
                                         AND INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION.  WHILE ; THE ;  W«»MA?ION Ii
                                                 NOTE: THIS  DATA IS FURNISHED
                                                 ONLY FOB YOUR INVESTIGATE                           ATIN.  HILE ; THE
                                                 IELIEVEO TO BE CORRECT. TEXACO INC.  MAXES NO REPRESENTATION AS TO Tw
                                                 MATION CONTAINED HEREIN.  TEXACO  INC SHALL IN NO  EWNT  BE BESPOfaVin^
                                                 SOEVER NATURE DIRECTLY OR  .^OmeCTLY «wLrw i  FRO^^U f P^f^TON  O
                                                 UPON DATA CONTAINED HEREIN.  NO WARRANTY. EITHER EXPRESS OB IMPLIED  Of  u
                                                 FITNESS OF  ANY NATURE  WITH ASPECT  TO THE PRODUCT OR TO THE DATA HEPF.w i«
                                                 DATA SHEETS ARE AVAILABLE FOR ALL TEXACO PRODUCTS. YOU AftTuRGEO TO MTAIM
                                                 ALL TEXACO PRODUCTS YOU BUY. PROCESS. USE OR  DISTRIBUTE
                                                 WORKING WOW OR  EXPOSED TO  SUCH PRODUCTS Of '
                                                                            EXPLANATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
                                                                         TOXICOLOGY. AND  MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
         PROOUCT JtfORMATION

         Trade  Namt and  Synonyms

         R*fcr   te  V*   code  number  an
         which the product is marketed and
         commercial rum« o( tti« prodocL

         HbrufKturw'i Minx md
         UT.
                                                                               d   name under
                                                                               the common
                                                                               Self  expLma-
                                                                               sc/ipu'on
                                                                               criptive name
 Chem'caJ Njroe and/or Family  or Oi

 Refer to chemical, generic, or dei
 of singU element] and compoundv

 For purposes  of this form,  a product Is defined
 a hazardous If it possesses one  or more of  the
 I??OWi?n«etU""r;"ie$:  '"  "» I * '"""-Point
 betow 200 degrees Farenheit. elosW cup  or sub-
 ject to  spontaneous heating: (2)   his  i threshold
 Emit Yalu. betow 500 pom gases  and vapor
 below 5 mg/m3 for dust,   fumej  and mist,  and
 below 25 WPPCF lor mineral  dustl  (3)  a single
 dose oral 1050 below  500  mgAg:  (X)   causes
 burns to the skin in the short-term*   exposure  or
 is systemicalry toxic  by  skin conkce  (5)  has
 be.n dtmcnstrated lo be a sko or I eye IrriLmi  or
 causes respiratory irritation: (6)  rrlay caus. skin
 or .respiratory sensitiiation:  (71  hVj teratogemc.
 mutagenic or other toxic effects:  18) may cause
 asphyxia  or  pneumoeoniosis; 19} in the cours.
 of normal operations may produce  dusts, gases.
 fumes.  Taper." misL or smoke which have one
 Of more of Ihe above characteristic's:  HOI  con- .
 tarn* a component which may  b« carcinogenic
 according to NTP (National  Toxicology Program).
 1ARC Oniernational Agency  for  Resepch on Cancer).
 ?.   K)eeuW|ion»l  Safety and Hearth Administration).
 EPA {Environmental Protection  Agency) and/or NCI
 Wational Cancer Institute^ (11) has ja median ICSO    -
 ** ** °' ^OO ppm or less by  volum. of gas or vaeer
 Of  20 mg/l or less of misL turn,  or  oust when
 •dministered by inhalation.
                                               OCCUPATIOWM. CONTROL PROCE1X RES
tConsult your hdustrial Hygienist Of
 Health Sp«cUfijU

Protective
                                                                               Ocevp'ationil
Typ. of prolecliv. wumenl  that li necessary
tor the safe handling and us. of this product.

VentrUtion

Normal means adequate to maintam permissible
concent/aliens.
Ventfliiiort type.  It. fecal exhaust, mechanic^.
                                                                               91
                                                              Perm«jjlbl« Conctnlralions

                                                              lnd!cat« Threshold Limit Value  fTLV)  »xj/or
                                                              IT*. W*.1*11*?. AY»'»««   «TW*J »  establish." by
                                                              tNe Amwican Confer.nc. of Go»erm«oul  h-
                                                              dostriW Hr9,,ni,l, ^,0,  standard,
                                                                      EMERGENCY AND FBST AID PROCEDURES

                                                                      AAninister  first aid and -.merjw^y procedure,
                                                                                                             PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

                                                                                                             Acute" Exposures (Eye. Skin. Retpiraiory Syst.m)

                                                                                                             R»l«rs to the  most  common efl«eij
                                                                                                             Chronic

                                                                                                             Refers to Ih.  .Meet, ft,, ar.  most a,^ ,o «-
                                                                                                             cw from repeated or prolons.d exposure.     *^

                                                                                                             Semiluer

                                                                                                             Mean*  a substance  which  win  cause  on or n
                                                                                                             2£±L^ti"u'-  *"5U8h  »  -EJcS
                                                                                                             pho^drnam,c  process,   a hyper sensibly which
                                                                                                             becomes ««dent on  reapplieation of  er  .»oT«-
                                                                                                             urt lo. the same substance.        '        P°I

                                                                                                             Median Lelhal Dos. or Coneentralion (LD50.LCSO)

                                                                                                             Refers lo that dos. or .concentration of the ma -
                                                                                                                           ^"  <5"'h " « P« c.n?of
                                                                                                                            •*"»l-on. exposur. Him. i, in-
                                                                     Irrftation Index

                                                                            to an   empirical SCOT. fDrait. Method) for
                                                                                                            Fff?£ PROTECTION INFORMATION

                                                                                                                   Temperature
                                                                                     « <^««  FarenheiL
                                                                                .     °" enou9h '«-«n»bl.
                                                                            and burn c.onUnuoush- for 5 sec-
                                                                     Rash Poini (Slat. Method used)
                                                                                         Brv. off enough

-------
Flammitole Lrnitx

Refers  lo (he range o( gas or vapor concentration
(percent by  volume in air)  vvhieh will burn or ex-
plode II an   ignition source!   ti  present.  Lower
means Ihe   the   lower  flafrvruble  Omit  and upp«r
means Ox  upper
C*nL
                  flammabl,
Products  Evolved  When
Combustion,
                            Bmil  given  In per-
                           Subjected  to  Heat  or
The  product! evolved when INl material U sub-
jected to  heat  or    combustion.   Includes temper-
ature at wfiich oxidition Of oUwr  lormt o« d«ar>-
«Ution occurs.

R*conyl Proc*durci
Specifies the fire  fighting  agents Out  should be
used  to ' extinguish   fires.  l(  unusual (re  haiards
are involved  or  special procedures  Indicated, this
Is specified.

Urtsusuat Fire or  Explosive

Specifies hazards lo  personnel in case  of fire  ex-
plosive  "
ENVIRONWENTAL PROTECTION
                          |
Specifies  how tfis  product   can be  successfully
disposed of.
tndicitei prectutioni  nec«'
haUge  or  breakjge  occ
clean-up  procedures.  Q>)
equipment if  necessarjr. tc)
created, ie.  fire, explosior
                           sary in th« 'event  that
                           rs. Inckjciad*  are   U
                            personal  protective
                           hujrds   that imy be
                            etc.
PRECAUTiOKARy LABEL

Label that 'a required or recommended.

Requirements  (or  Transportation. Kancaing  and
Storage

Specifies handling and storajge procedures.  Gives
ICC.  DOT.  or  other regulations related to safety
and health for transportation,


OCMICAL AM3  PHYSCAL fSOPERTIES

Boiling Point tor Range).
                          Isius  BoDing  Point at
In degrees Farenheit  or Ce
760 rnrr^g.

Vapor Pressure
Pressure exerted when a solid or Ecjuid U  n
KJuilibrium with Hi own vapor.
 Specific Gravity

 The ratio  of  the  density ol  th,i producl  to Ihe
 density o( water.

 Vapor Density

 The ratio of the  density  of the  vapor at satura-
 tion  concentration  ( 20   degrees  Celsius or 68
 degrees  Farenheit }  to   the  density  of air.  at 760
 fltf'lv tg.                            •

 Appearance and Odor

 Refers lo the  general chartclerualion of Ihe mat-
 •rul. *.» powder, colorless liquid, aromatic ocor.
 PH

 Refers to Ihe   degree  of  acidity  or basicity of  the
 material in a specific eooceni/ation,

 PHI -5   -   STRONGLY ACOJC
 PHS-7   -   WEAKLY ACOIC
 PH7-9   -   WEAKLY BASIC
.pHS-147  STRONGLY BASIC

 Solubffity

 Refers lo the  soluWlity  of a  material by  weichl
 in water  at room temperaiure. Tho   term negli-
 gible. less than 0.1  X;  slight, 0.1  to IV moder-
 ate  1 1 10 10S: appreciable. 10% or greater. G«M
 solubility in organic  solvents  where  appropriate.

 Percent Volatile By  Volume

 Refers  to  .the   amount  volatiied  at 20  degrees
 Celsius or 68  degrees Farenhe* when allowed to
 evaporate,

 Evaporation                  •

 Gwes'the  rate  o(  evaporation compared  to  a
 Standard

 Viscosity

 Measure  o( flow  characteristics «, Kinemaiu: vis-
 cosity in Centistokes.

 Kuardcvs Potymeriiation

 (Uiardous  pdymeriialion  is  that reaction wt»eh
 takes  place  at  a   rate  which  produces  Urae
 •mounts  of energy.   Indicates  whither h mar or
 _may not- occur and  under  what storage conditions.

 Does the Material React Violently

 Indicates whether the material will react violently
 /•leasog larje arnoonu of energy when exposed
 under conditions fisted.

 CompotiUon

 Components of the product as manufactured.
                                                Texaco  Inc.
                                       2000 Weslch«ster  Avenue
                                    White Plains.  New York  10650
                                    Phone (914) 831-3400 (Beacon)
                               92

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i;
r
                                                                  TANNER  SYSTEMS, INC.
                                                         Mailing Address:
                                                         P.O. Box 59
                                                         Sauk Rapids, MN 56379-0059
                                                         Telephone: 612-252-6-454
                Location:
                1660 East Highway 23
                St. Cloud, MN 56304
                Fax 612-252-6877
                                                           2« HOUR EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE • CHEMTREC 80
SpecHIc Gravity (HtO = 1):
e 25.° c. .8
8.
Trade Name and Synonyms:
FROSTO
Formula: CF
3011 ([Base)
DOT Hazard Class 3 UN1Q93 pen
JAL DAIA
Vapor Pressure:
mm Hg 6 70.2° ?.
100
Volume % Volatile:
> 99
Vapor Density (Alf = 1):
1.11
Evaporation Rate:
(Butyl Acetate = 1) 2.0
Solubiliiy (Weight % in .'
Water}: ^
Freeilng Point:
-IN0 7.
Appearance ana Odor: ] % 	 	 — 	
Pale green solution with a characteristic odor.
SECTION 2 • HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
Methanol
Aliphatic Ester
Aatino Alcohol
Colorant
•




-




CAS j
67-56-1
-
-
-



V» w/w
70-99
1-30
1-30
<1



T.L.V. (p.pjn.)
200 (8 Hour WA)
	
	




Flash Pol
5%°
Soeclal PI
lt«F
?.
rn f
Method
(12°
Used:
C)

Flammable
LEU 6.0
Umlts In
I
Air (V,
by
Volume)
Extinguishing
C0_ or dry
Media:
chemical
  breathing apparatus
  1 exposure
reduce the
                                                                                                       and
                                  SECTION 4 » HEALTH HAZARD DATA

                                            xposure Umlts jfTLV): For the lowest component.
                                                                                       200 p.p.*.
                                                          93

-------
 EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE
                effects of pverexposure (or Inhalation, eye/akin conlaei in
 Prinary route*  of entrys

        Exposure  Units:
      Skin absorption, Inhalation, Ingestion
                              {£"' "^r'l^    PP"' 8-nour TWA,  -ACCIH TLV;  200ppo,
                              B-hour WA,  250 pp., STEL:  potential contribution to
                              overall exposure possible via skin absorption,  KIOSH-
                              200 pp., 800 pp«/15 min ceii., u^).  5.26 g/kg.~	
                              Iwaediately  dangerous to life andUealth:  25,000 ppa
Effect* of Exposure  - Acute

                  Ingest Ion:





                     Denial:
         Poisonous if swallowed, can effect optic nerve resulting
         in Blindness.   Can cause nental sluggishness, nausea and
         vcaitlng leading to severe Illness, possible death in
         numans.


         Irritant.  Prolonged or repeated contact causes drying,
         brittleness, cracking.  Slightly toxic to aniaals by
         absorption.


Eye:     Causes injury vhlch «ay persist for several  days,  tlouid
         OP ulffn VaTiQ^ l*onj**n ***•*<,«._._ -.	 *	• . _ . .     .   . ^
                 Inhala
                        •ion:  ^  Extremely high levels can cause stupor, headache, nausea,
                                • Oi S.T1 n^fc* • an/I im *+**•** ~ ^i —.	   K    «•                *
                   Sy«teaic:
                    Chronic -
                                 poison.
                                                                 blindness.  Because it i<
                                            slowly, it should be regarded as a cuaulative
               Mutageniclty:     In Vitro - Lilted evidence of imtogenicity (»ouse)
                                 In Vivo - Ho InforBatlon found.

            Carclnogenlclty:     Ho evidence of carclnogeniclty in alee.

               Reproduction:     No infcreation found.

Known medical condition, which, could be aggravated by exposure:'  No information found.

Haraful drug interactioi :      Ko information found.

Other toxic effects:
                         Kay be fatal or cause blindness If Ingested.  Prolonged
                         or repeated breathing of vapor is harmful.
                            94

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                                     SECTION 5  • .EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID  PROCEDURES:
                                   f    1 Contact:   Flush eyes with water (or at least 15 minutes.
                                                      Get medical attention.
                                     Skin  Contact:  Wash with »o*p and water. Remove contaminated clothing. If Irritation persists aet
                                                      medical attention.                                                  ' *
 i:
r
i.
i.
                                     Inhalation:
                                                      Romov* victim to fresh «lr. Provide oxygen If breathing Is difficult Give artificial
                                                      resplratlo > If not breathing. Gel medical attention.
                                                      Induce ^ooitlng of coneciou* patient by giving 2 glares of water
                                                      and pressing finger down throat.  Contact physician i«as«diately,
Notes tO Physician {Including Antidotes):     T,.,* a. -.th«««i ™<    «      ^
      are rr«t«r tH*«  Vn  i    j  i        Treat a* aetnanol poisoning.  When ingested
                         3!  T1   d plB6M conc«tr*tions *r« higher than 20 «g per
                                                                                 . adainl.tered  intravenou.ly 1. possible
ACTION 6 •
Stability:
REACH
Stable.
VITY .DATA

Hazardous Polymerization:

Will not occur.
                                       azardous Decomposition Products:
                                                                  nltrJf^wParkl- ^ f1"*'  Sulfuric Acid« «tron« oxidizer.
                                                                , nitric acid, perchloric acid and chroaixm trioxide.
                                      SECTION 7 • SPILL C-R LEAK PROCEDURES
                                                                             Carbon aonoxide, Carbon  dioxide.
                                       •p* to b« Taken If Material Ik Spilled or Releated:
                                     Eliminate potential sources of Ignition.
                                     Wear appropriate respirator arid other protective clothing.
                                     For large spills, dike and contain. Remove with vacuum trucks or pump to storage/salvage vessels
                                     Soak up residue or small splllk with noncombustible absorbanl; place b> drums for proper disposal.
                                     Flush area with water to remo'vo trace residue. Dispose of flush solutions In drums.
                                     Keep out of surface  waters and any watercourses or sewers entering or leading to surface waters
**'»pose of In an appropriate
 T.er to latest  EPA or State
     and clothes wet
   < isposal facility In compliance with local regulations.-
  Regulations regarding disposal.  .
with fluid  should be washed Immediately with soap and water.
                                                                   95

-------
SECTION 8 *  SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION
Respiratory Protection:   ^ contalnedj  NIOSH opproved, breathlng apparatus or
                      oth|er supplied air full face respirator.
Ventilation (Type):
                            exhaust recoaunended  to control employee  exposure.
 SXinfEye Protection:
Chemical safety goggles.
Clove type:   Heoprene or rubber.
Other Protective Equipment:
Rubber boots, rubber apron If splashing aay occur.
A safety shower and eye bath should be available.
SECTION 9 • SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
 Precautions to be Taken During Handling and Storing:

 Vhen transferring, follow  proper grounding procedures.  Use with adequate ventilation.
 Provide emergency exhau'st.   Avoid breathing vapor.  Avoid contact with eyed, skin and
 clothing.  Wash thorougjhly with soap and water after handling.  Wash contaminated
 clothing thoroughly  before reuse.

 Store  In a  cool, well  ventilated area.  Do not expose to temperature above 120  ?.
 Keep away from heat, sparks and flame.  Keep containers closed.  Use only DOT approved
 containers.  Use spark resistent tools.  Eapty container nay  contain hazardous residues.


 HOTE:  May attack rubber and some plastics/

  Use:   Compressed air line antl-freeie.   Use with adequate  ventilation.   When opening
        drum, give plug no core than one turn and  stop.   Allow pressure to vent  to
        atmosphere.                         .

  Handling:      As flammable liquid, n.o.s.

  Storage:       As flaasmable liquid, away from strong oxidizera.	
             NOTICE OF SI
  CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING
  TITLE III OF THE SUPER
                         BSTANCES SUBJECT TO SECTION 313 OF TITLE  III  OF S.A.R.A.
                     FROSTO
   SUBSTANCES SUBJECT TO THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 313 OF
   WO AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1986 AND 40 CFR PART 37,
                     SUBSTANCE NAME
                       METHANOL
   The information contained
   TANNER SYSTEMS. INC.
   the results to be obtained
   injury from the use ol the
   herein Is based on the data available lo us and is bet.eved to be correct. Howeve.
    makes no warranty, expressed or Implied re8arding the accuracy ol these daia or
   from ihe use thereol. TANNER SYSTEMS. INC. assumes no respons.b.lity for
   xoducl described herein.
   This MSOS complies with
                      C.A.S. I
                      67-56-1
X BY WT.
  99X
   29 CFR 59'0 1200 (The Hazard Communication Standard)


                                        S?
   Date Prepared:       October 1993   "     Signature:
                             96

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                      VI
                             TO:9P19199687557
                                                    fiUG  1.  1994 4:3:P"I
                                                                          P. it
             PRODUCT #: 13436-8      NAME:  1,2-PROFANEDIOL,  99%
               MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHBBT, Valid 8/94  - 10/94
                  Printed  Monday, August 01, 1994  10:04AM
Sigma Chemical Co.
P.O. Box 14508
St. Louis, HO 63178
Phone: 314-771-5765
SECTION l. -
    PRODUCT
               13436-8
    1,2-DIHYDROXYPROPANB *
    GLYCOL *
    GLYCOL *
    GLYCOL *
MONOPROPYL3NB
PROPYLENE
1,2-PROPYLKNG
                            Aldrich Chemical  Co.
                            1001  Meet  St.  Paul
                            Milwaukee,  HI  53233
                            Phone:  414-273-3850
                                              Fluka Chemical Corp
                                              980 South Sacond St
                                              RonkonJcoma, NY 1177
                                              Phone: 516-467-0980
                                    Emergency Phone: 516-467-3535
              - CHEMICAL IDBNTIFICATICN-
              NAMB:  1,2-PROPANBDIOL,  99%
SBCTIOH 2. ..... COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGRBDI2NTS ----.-.
    CAS 8:57-55-6
    MF: C3H8O2
SYNONYMS
                       GLYCO
 DOWFROST * MBTHYLETHYLSNE GLYCOL * METHYL
 GLYCOL * PG 12 * PROPANE-1,2-DIOL .* PROPYLEHE
  L USP « ALPHA- PROPYLBNEGLYCOL * 1,2-PROPYLSNB
LYKOL  (GERMAN) * SIRLSNB * SOLAR WINTER BAN *
                               HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION1
    TRIMETHYL GLYCOL *
SECTION 3. 	
LABEL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
    HARMFUL
    HARMFUL BY INHALATION AND IF SWALLOWED.
    WEAR SUITABLE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.
    HYGROSCOPIC
SECTION 4. 	
    FLUSH SKIN KITH WATER.
    CONTAMINATION OF THE EYES SHOULD BE TREATED BY IMMEDIATE AND PROLONGED
    IRRIGATION WITH COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF WATER.
    IP INHALED, REMOVE TO FRESH AIR.
                               FIRST-AID MEASURES-
    IP SWALLOWED,  WASH OUT
                           KOUTH WITH HATER PROVIDED PERSON IS CONSCIOUS.
                             FJRE FIGHTIJJG MEASURES - -  -
    CALL'A PHYSICIAN.
SECTION 5. -------
EXTINGUISHING MSDIA
    WATER SPRAY,
   . CARBON DIOXIDE,  DRY CHJBMICAL POWDER OR APPROPRIATE FOAM.
SPECIAL FIRBPIGHTING PROCEDURES
    KBAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND PROTECTIVE  CLOTHING TO
    PREVENT CONTACT WITH SKIN AND BYES.
SECTION 6.	-- ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES-  ---	--.
    WEAR RESPIRATOR,  CHEMICAL SAFETY GOGGLES, RUBBER BOOTS  AND HEAVY
    RUBBER GLOVES.
    ABSORB ON SAND OR VBRH1CULITE AND PLACE IN CLOSED CONTAINERS FOR
    DISPOSAL.                 .

                                   Page 1                 ' '   "•
                           97

-------
    FRCJi:ft_DR]CH
                      VJI
                             TO:9P19i99687557
                                                    RUG  i.,1994  4:35PM  t581  P.12
             PRODUCT »: 13436-8     NAME: 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 99%
              MATERIAL SAFETY  DATA SHSST.  Valid 8/94 -  10/94
                  Printed
                         Monday,  August 01, 1994  10:04AM
    VENTILATE AREA AND MASH SPILL SITE AFTER MATERIAL PICKUP IS COMPLETE.
SECTION 7.--- 	 HANDLING AND STORAGE-
    REFER TO SECTION 8.
SECTION 8. - - - - - - EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTBCTION-
    CHSMICAL SAFETY GOGGLES.
    USB PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, GLOVES AND MASK.
    SAFETY SHOWER AND EYE BATH.
    MECHANICAL EXHAUST REQUIRED.
    DO NOT BREATHS VAPOR.
    AVOID CONTACT WITH BYES, SKIN AND CLOTHING.
    WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER
                          HANDLIJJC
                                779 F
    HARMFUL LIQUID.
    KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.
    HYGROSCOPIC
    STORE IN A COOi DRY P^ACB.
SECTION 9. --.--..
APPEARANCE AND ODOR
    VISCOUS COLORLESS LIQUID
    BOILING .POINT: 187 C
    MELTING POINT; -60 C
    FLASHPOINT    225 F
                  107C
    AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE
    UPPER EXPLOSION LEVBlJ:
    LOWER EXPLOSION LEVEL
    VAPOR PRESSURE:      0.08MM 20 C
    VAPOR DENSITY:   2.62
    SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
SECTION 10. 	
INCOMPATIBILITIES
    ACID CHLORIDES
    ACID ANHYDRIDES
    OXIDIZING AGENTS
    CHLOROFORMATES
    REDUCING AGENTS
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR t
                         PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
    414C
12.5%
2.6V
                          1.036
                          - -STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
                         ECCMPOSITION PRODUCTS
    TOXIC FUMBS OF:
    CARBON MONOXIDE,
SECTION 11. - - - -
ACUTE EFFECTS
    HARMFUL IF INHALED OSi SWALLOWED.
    MAY CAUSE EYB IRRITATION.
    HAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION.
                         [ON DIOXIDE
                           • - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
                                   Page 2
                            98

-------
    FRCTi:ft-DRJCH O-EH-MILU
                             TO: 9P19199687557
                                                    «JG  1. 1934  4:33=^ C581  P.13
             PRODUCT #;  13436-8     NAME: 1,2-PROPANBOIOL, 99V
              MATERIAL SASJETY DATA SHEET,  Valid 8/94 -  10/94
                 Printed Monday,  August  01.  1994  10:04AM
    EXPOSURE CAN CAUSE:
    GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCES
    NAUSEA, H3ADACHE AND VOMITING
    CNS DEPRESSION
RTBCS NO: TY2000000
    1,2-PROPANBDIOL
IRRITATION DATA
    SKN-KMN 500 MG/7D MLD
    SKN-EMN 104 MG/3D-I MOD
    SKN-MAN 10V/2D
    BYE-RBT 100 MG MLD
    BYE-RBT 500 MG/24H MLD
TOXICITY DATA
    CRL-RAT LD50:20 GM/KG
    IPR-RAT LD50:6660 MG/K&
    SCU-RAT LD50:22500 MG/XG
    IVN-RAT LD50:6423 MG/KG
    IMS-RAT LD50:14 GM/KG
    ORL-MUS LD50:22 GM/KG
    IPR-MUS LD50:9718 MG/KC
    SOJ-MUS LD50:17370 MG/lKG
    IVN-MUS LDSO:663C MG/KG
    ORL-DOG LD50:22 GM/KG
    IVK-DOG LD50:26 GM/KG I
    ORL-RBT LD50:18500 MG^KG
    SKN-RBT LD50:20800 MG/jXG
    ORL-GPG LD50:18350 MG/XG
    ORL-QAL LD50:>2080 MG/KG
                                                  JIDEAB 55,190,70
                                                  85DKA8 -,127,77
                                                  JIDBAB 19,423,52
                                                  PCTOD7 20,573,82
                                                  85JCAE -,206,86

                                                  TXAPA9 45,362,78
                                                  KRKRDT 9,36,81
                                                  IAEC** 17JUN74
                                                  ARZNAD 26,1581,76
                                                  IABC*« 17JUN74
                                                  OrpBTAB 65,89,39
                                                  PEPRA7 6,342,47
                                                  KRKRDT 8,46,81
                                                  ARZNAD 26,1581,76
                                                  JIHTAB 21,173,39
                                                  NTIS** PB280-477
                                                  PAONAU 53 A, 491,74
                                                  NPIRI* 1,101,74
                                                  JIHTAB 23,259,41
                                                  BESADV 6,149,82
                               ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
TARGET ORGAN DATA
    EFFECTS ON FERTILITY (| POST-IMPLANTATION MORTALITY)
    EFFECTS ON EMBRYO OR EBTUS {FBTOTOXICITY)
    ONLY SELECTED REGISTRYJ OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CEBKICAL SUBSTANCES
    {RTBCS) DATA IS PRESENTED HERE. SES ACTUAL ENTRY IN RTECS FOR
    COMPLETE INFORMATION.
SECTION 12.-------
    DATA NOT YET AVAILABLE.
SECTION 13.	._....- DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS ---------
    DISSOLVE OR MIX THE MATERIAL WITH A COMBUSTIBLE SOLVENT AND BURN IN A
    CHEMICAL INCINERATOR EQUIPPED WITH AN AFTERBURNER AND SCRUBBER. .
    OBSERVE ALL FEDERAL. STATE AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS.
SECTION 14. -- - -. - - -j- - - TRANSPORT INFORMATION	
    CONTACT ALDRICH .CHEMICAL COMPANY FOR TRANSPORTATIOK INFORMATION.
SECTION 15.	 REGULATORY INFORMATION	
                                   Page 3
                            99

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    FRCMiflLDRICH CHEtt-MILU U1I

             PRODUCT 3:
              MATERIAL
                  Printed
     TO-.9P19199687557
                                                       It 1994
                                             t581
    36-8      NAME:  1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 99V
SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
  Monday, August 01, 1994  10:04AM
REVIEWS, STANDARDS, AND REGULATIONS
    BPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR  RB-RBGISTRATION
     FEREAC 54,7740,89
    NOHS 1974: HZD 63525; NIS 323; TNF 83144; NOS 224; TNB  1494455
    NOES 1983: HZD 63525; NIS 320; TNF 79614; NOS 233; TNB  1840941; T7E
     837782               I
    EPA GBHBTOX PROGRAM 1988, NEGATIVE: SHE-CLONAL ASSAY  .
    BPA TSCA CHEMICAL INVENTORY, JUNE 1993
    BPA TSCA SECTION 8{B) STATUS REPORT 8EHQ-0178-0041
    ON EPA IRIS DATABASE
    BPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION  (TSCATS) DATA BASS, JANUARY 1994
SECTION 16. -------p-- OTHER INFORMATION- --  	
THB ABOVE INFORMATION IS BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT BUT DOES NOT PURPORT TO
BB ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BE USED ONLY AS A GUIDE. SIGMA,  ALDRICH,
FLUKA SHALL NOT BB HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM HANDLING
OR FROM CONTACT WITH THE ABOVE PRODUCT. SSS REVERSE SIDB OF INVOICE OR
PACKING SLIP FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OP SALB.
COPYRIGHT 1994 SIGMA CHEMICAL CO., ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO., INC.,
FLUKA CEEKIB AG           |
LICENSE GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAP3R COPIES FOR INT3RNAL .USE ONLY
                                    Page 4
                             100

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 r
                           FRCM.-SLDRJCH OEM-MILU ui
                             TO:9P19199687557
                                                                                                 P.87
                               PRODUCT #: 26889-4     NAME:  (+/-) -l-MBTHOXY-2-PROPANOL  98V
                                      MATERIAL SAFETY DATA  SH3BT,  Valid  8/94  - 10/94
                                         Printed
                          Monday, August 01, 1994  10:04AM
                       Sigma Chemical  Co.
                       P.O. Box 14508
                       St. Louis, MO 63178
                       Phone: 314-77J.-5765
                            Aldrich Chemical Co.
                            1001  West St.  Paul
                            Milwaukee,  WI  53233
                            Phone:  414-273-3B50
          Pluka Chemical Ccrp
          980 South Secocd St
          Ronkonkoma, NY 1177
          Phone: 516-467-0980
Emergency Phone: S16-467-353S
                                                 •  -  CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION-  ----..
                                                   NAME: <+/-)-l-MBTHOXY-2-PROPANOL,  98%
                                             COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
SECTION 1.  	
    PRODUCT f: 26889-5
SECTION 2.  - - - -
    CAS 8sl07-98-2
    MF: C4H10O2
SYNONYMS
    DOWANOL 33B * DOKANOL PM * DOWANOL PM GLYCOL" ETHER
    GLYCOL ETHER PM * MBTHOXY BTHBR OP P20PYLENB GLYCOL * l-MBTEOXY-2-
    PROPANOL * l-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL (DOT)  *  POLY-SOLVB M?M *
                                                                                 DOWTHERH 209
                           SOLVENT M  «  PROPYLENE
                          GLYCOL METHYL BTHBR * PROPYLENE GLYCOL
                                                                                     PROPASOL
    HONCMBTHYL BTHBR * ALPHA-PROPYLENB GLYCOL MONOMETHYL BTHBR
    PROFYLENB GLYCOL MONOMB7HYL  BTHBR (ACGIH.OSHA) * PROPYLENGLYXOL-
    MONCM3THYLAKTH2R (GERMAN)  *  DCAR SOLVENT LM  (OBS.) * DN3092  (1XXT)
                          • - - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION --------
                       SECTION 3.  - -  -  -  -
                       LABEL PRECAVTIONARY STATEMENTS
                           PLAMMABLB
                           IRRITANT
                           IRRITATING  TO BYBS,  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND SKIN.
                          • KEEP AWAY PROM  SOURCEJS OP IGNITION. NO SMOKING.
                           IN CASE OP  CONTACT WITH BYBS, RINSB IMMEDIATELY WITH PLENTY OP
                           HATER AND SEEK  MEDICAL ADVICE.
                           -HEAR SUITABLE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, GLOVES AND EYE/PACE
                           PROTECTION.
                       SECTION 4.  ------- Ip _- FIRST-AID MEASURES- -------..-.
                           IN CASE OP  CONTACT,  IMMEDIATELY FLUSH EYES OR SKIN WITH COPIOUS
                           AMOUNTS OP  WAT3R  FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES WHILE REMOVING CONTAMINATED
                           CLOTHING AND  SHOBS.                                           •"«***"
                           IP INHALED. REMOVE TO] FRESH AIR. IP NOT BREATHING GIVE ARTIFICIAL
                           RESPIRATION.  IP. BREATHING IS DIFFICULT, GIVE OXYGEN.
                           IP SWALLOWED, HASH OUT MOUTH WITH WATER PROVIDED  PERSON IS CONSCIOUS
                           CALL A  PHYSICIAN.                                 .
                           WASH CONTAMINATED CLOTHING BEFORE REUSE.
                       SECTION 5.  ---.---L- PIRB FIGHTING MEASURES -------._
                       EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
                           CARBON  DIOXIDE, DRY  CHEMICAL POWDER OR APPROPRIATE FOAM.
                           WATER MAY BE  EFFECTIVE FOR COOLING, BUT MAY NOT EFFECT EXTINGUISHMENT.

                                                           Page 1             :       r-
i;
                                                   101

-------
    FROlrflLCRlCH CHEM-MILU W'l
                              TO.'9P191996a7557
                                                        i, 1934  4.-3a=n tsei  p.ea
        PRODUCT «: 26889-5     NAKS:  <+/-)-l-MBTHOXY-2-PROPANOL  98%
               MATERIAL SAF3TY DATA, SEEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94  '
                  Printed Monday, August  01, 1994  10:04AM
 SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES~                  ~~	
    WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND PROT3CTIVE CLOTHING TO
    PREVENT CONTACT WITH SKIN AND EYES.
    FLAMMABLE.      .
    USB WATER SPRAY TO" COOL PIRB-BXFOSBD CONTAINERS
 UNUSUAL FIRS AND EXPLOSIONS HAZARDS
    VAPOR MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO SOURCE O? IGNITION AND
    FLASH BACK.
    CONTAINER EXPLOSION MAY OCCUR UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS
    FORMS EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES IN AIR.
SECTION 6.
    BVACUAT3 AREA.
    SHUT OFF ALL SOURCES
  ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES-
OP IGNITION.
    HEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS,  RUBBER SOOTS AND HEAVY
    RUBBER GLOVES .
    COVER WITH AN ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORBENT,  TAKE DP AND PLACE  IN CLOSED
    CONTAINERS. TRANSPORT OUTDOORS                                 CLOSED
SECr                                                          IS  COMPLETS.
SECTION 7. .......  ---  HANDLING AND  STORAGE ---
    REFER TO SECTION 6.
SECTION 8. ...... BXJPOSURS CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION .....
    WEAR APPROPRIATE NIOSH/MSHA-APPROVED  RESPIRATOR, CHEMICAL-RES TSTANT
    GLOVES, SAFETY GOGGLES.  OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
    MECHANICAL EXHAUST REQUIRED.   -
    SAFETY SHOWER AND BYE BATH.
    USB NONSPARKING TOOLS.
    DO NOT BREATHS VAPOR.
    AVOID CONTACT WITH BYBS,  SKIN AND CLOTHING.
    WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER! HANDLING.
    IRRITANT.
    KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.
    KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT,  SPARKS.  AND OPEN FLAME.
    STORE IN A COOL DRY PLACE
SECTION 9. .....
APPEARANCE AND ODOR
    COLORLESS LIQUID
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
    BOILING POINT: 118 C ffO 119  C
    FLASHPOINT     93 P
                   33C
    AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE:    278  P
    UPPER EXPLOSION LEVKL:
    LOWER EXPLOSION LEVEL:
    VAPOR PRESSURE:      10.9MM  25 C
                       13 SC
                   13.8%
                   1.6%
                                   Page 2
                            102

-------
                                              UI
r
                                                     TO:9P19199687557
                                                                                  1934
                                                                                             t5Ql
                                PRODUCT »:  2S889-5     NAME: (+/-)-l-MsrHOXY-2-PROPANOL, 98V
                                       MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHE3T, Valid 8/94 - 10/34
                                          Printed
                          Monday, August  01,  1994   10:04AM
                                                  0.922
                                                  - -STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
    VAPOR DENSITY:    3.12
    SPECIFIC  GRAVITY:
SECTION 10. 	
INCOMPATIBILITIES
    OXIDIZING AGENTS
    ACID CHLORIDES
    ACID ANHYDRIDES
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
    TOXIC FUMBS OPs
    CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE
SECTION 11....	
ACUTE EFFECTS
    MAY BE HARMFUL BY INHALATION,  INGBS7ION,  OR SKIN ABSORPTION.
                                                      TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
    CAUSES SXIN IRRITATIOt
RTECS NO: DB7700COO
    2-PROPANOL, 1-MBTHOXY-
IRRITATION DATA
    SXN-RBT 500 MG OPEN Mlb
    BYB-RBT 230 MG MLD
    BYE-RBT 500 MG/24H MLD
TOXICITY DATA             I
    ORL-RAT LD50:5660 MG/KG
    IPR-RAT LD50:3720 MG/XG
    SCO-RAT LDSO.-7800 MG/X;G
    IVN-RAT U)50;4200 MG/KG
    ORL-MUS LDSOs11700 MG/XG
    IVN-MUS LD50:5300 HG/XG
    ORL-DOG LD50:5 GM/XG
    IVN-DOG LD50:2 GM/XG
    ORL-RBT LD50:5700 HG/XG
    SKN-RBT LD50:13 GM/XG I
    SCU-RBT LD50-.5 GM/XG
    IVN-RBT LD50:1200 MG/KjS
TARGET ORGAN DATA
                                                                          UCDS** 11/13/71
                                                                          AMIHBC 9,509,S4
                                                                          85JCAB -.625,86

                                                                          AIHAAP 23,95,62
                                                                          38>1KAJ 20,3977,82
                                                                          ARZNAD 22,569,72
                                                                          AR2NAD 22,569,72
                                                                          ARZNAD 22,569,72
                                                                          ARZNAD 22,569,72
                                                                          ARZNAD 22,569,72
                                                                          ARZNAD 22,569,72
                                                                          ARZNAD 22,569,72
                                                                          NPIRI» 1,105,74
                                                                          ARZNAD 22,569.72
                                                                          ARZNAD 22,569,72
                            BEHAVIORAL  (CONVOLSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURB THRESHOLD)

                            LUNGS, THORAX OR RESPIRATION 
-------
              O-EH-tllLU Ut
                             TO:9P19199687557
                                                    «JG  1,
                                                                     C581  P. 18
        PRODUCT #.-26889-5     NAM2: (+/-)-l-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL, 98*
              ' MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
                  Printed Monday,  August 01, 1994  10:04AM
    DATA NOT YET AVAILABLE.
SECTION 13. ------L-
                              DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
    BURN IN A CHEMICAL INCINERATOR  EQUIPPED WITH AN AFTERBURNER AND
    SCRUBBER BUT EXERT EXTRA CARS
    FLAMMABLE.
    OBSERVE ALL FEDERAL,
SECTION 14.
            IN IGNITING AS THIS MATERIAL IS HIGHLY
   STATE AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS.
          TRANSPORT INFORMATION
    CONTACT ALDRICH CHEMJECAL COMPANY  FOR TRANSPORTATION  IHPORMATION.
SECTION IS.	L - - REGULATORY INFORMATION	" - -  -
RBVIBNS, STANDARDS, AND REGULATIONS
    ACGIH TLV-TWA 100 PPM; STBL 150  PPM
    KSHA STANDARD-AIR:TWA 100 PPM  (360  MG/M3)
     DTLWS* 3,27,73
    OSHA PEL FINAL:8H T
                            85INA8 6,1310,91
FWA
100 £>PM (360 MG/M3);STEL ISO PPM (540 MG/M3)
    OEL-BBLGIUM:TWA 100 PPM (369 MG/M3) ;STEL 150 PPM  (553 MG/M3) JAN93
    OBL-DENMARK:TWA 100 PPH (360 MG/M3)  JAN93
    OBL-FriJLAND:THA 100 PPM (360 MG/M3) ;STEL 150 PPM.-SKIN JAN93
    OEL-FRANCS:TWA 100 PPM (360 MG/M3)  JAN93
    OEL-GERMANY:TMA 100 PPM (37S MG/M3)  JAN93
    OSL-THE NETHERLANDS:pA 100 PPM  (360 MG/M3) JAN93
    OBL-SWITZ3RLANDtTWA 100 PPM (360 MG/M3);STEL 200 ?PM  (720 MG/K3) JAN93
    OBL-UNITBD KINGDOM:TJa 100 PPM  (360 MG/M3);SKIN JAN93
    OBL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN,  KOREA CHECK ACGIH TLV
    OBL IN NEW ZEALAND,  SINGAPORE, VIETNAM CHECK ACGIH TLV
    NIOSH REL TO TEE CHEMICAL-AIR:10H TWA 100 PPM;STEL 150 PPM
     NIOSH* DHHS #92-100[92
    NOHS 1974s HZD 81815!? NIS 44; TNF 5953; NOS 36; TOE 26413
    KOBS 1983: HZD 81815J? NIS 184; TNP  22268; NOS 123; TNB 328664; T?E
     99892
    BPA TSCA CHEMICAL INVENTORY, JUNE 1993
    ON EPA 2RIS DATABASE
    EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION  (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 1994
SECTION 16. - -	- - „ OTHER INFORMATION-	
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT BUT DOBS NOT PURPORT TO
BE ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BE USED ONLY AS A GUIDE. SIGMA, ALDRICH,
FLUKA"SHALL NOT BE BELD LIABLE FOR ANY  DAKAGE RESULTING FROM HANDLING
OR FROM CONTACT WITH THE ABOVE PRODUCT.  SEE REVERSE SIDE OF INVOICE OR
PACKING SLIP FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE.
COPYRIGHT 1994 SIGMA CHEMICAL CO., ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO., INC.,
FLUKA CHBMIE AG                           '
LICENSE GRANTED TO MAKE 'JNLIMITBD PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USB ONLY
                                   Page 4
                           104

-------
1.
                           PUG 9 -34  ie:38
                                             FRO1 PLDRICH TEQ-HaJST SRV    TO 91915S687557
                              PRODUCT  #:  27764-9      NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
                                       MATERIAL SAIETY DATA SHEET,  Valid 8/94  -  10/94
                                         Printed Tuesday, August 09,  1994   10:29AM
                        Sigma Chemical Co.
                        P.O. Box 14508
                        St. Louis, MO 63178
                        Phone: 314-771-5755
                        SECTION 1. ----- -
                            PRODUCT #: 27764-9
                                             CCMPO,
                       Aldxicn Chemical Co.
                       1001 West St.  Paul
                       Milwaukee. HI  53233
                       Phone: 414-273-3850
                                                           FluXa Chemical Corp
                                                           980 South, Second St
                                                           RonXonkotoa, NY 1177
                                                           Phone: 516-467-0960
                                                 Emergency Pfaor.e: 516-467-3535
                      - CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION	  -
                      NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
                      SlTION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS	
SECTION 2.  - - -
    CAS f:64-17-5
    H?: C2H60
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
    CONTAINS M3THYL ALCO30L. CHSMICAL ABSTRACTS REGISTRY NUMBER 67-56-1.
    CONTAINS 2-PROPANOL (ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL) , CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS REGISTRY
    NUMBER 67-63-0.
SYNONYMS
    ABSOLUTS ETKAHOL * AETHANOL (GERMAN) * AETHYLALXOHOL (GERMAN)
    ALCOHOL * ALCOHOLS, N.D.S. (UN1987)  (DOT)  * ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS *
    ALCOHOL DEHYDRATED * ALCOOL ETHYLIQU3  (FRENCH)  * ALCOOL ETILICO
    (ITALIAN) + ALCOHOLS, TOXIC.  N.O.S.  (U1U986) (DOT) « ALGRAIN *
    ALKOHOL  (GBRI4AN) * ALKOHOLU BTYLCWEGO  (POLISH?  * ANHYDROL » COIXX3NB
    SPIRIT * ETANOLO (ITALIAN) * ETHANOL *  ETHANOL {DOT,OSHA} * ETI-IANOL
    200 PROOF * ETHAHCL SOJLUTIONS (UN1170)  (DOT) * ETHYL ALCOHOL (ACGIH,
    DC?.OSHA) * BTHYLALCOHOL  (DUTCH) * BTKYL ALCOHOL ANHYDROUS * ETHYL
    ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS  (UNlb.70) (DOT) * ETKYL ETDRATE * ETHYL HYDROXIDE *
   . 3TYLOWY ALKOHOL  (POLIS|E)  * FERMENTATION ALCOEOL * GRAIN ALCOHOL *
    JAYSOL * JAYSOL S * MSTHYLCARBINOL * MOLASSES ALCOHOL * NCI-C03134 «
    POTATO ALCOHOL * SD AICOBOL 23-HYDROGEN *  SPIRITS OF WETC * SPIRT *
                             TECSOL «  UN1170 (DOT)
                      « DN1986  (DOT)  * UN1987  (DOT)  *
                         SECTION 3.  -  - 	
                         LABEL PRECAUTIONARY STATEltoTXS
                             FLAMMABLE (USA DEFINITION)
                             HIGHLY FLAMMABLE (BURQPEAN DEFINITION)
                             TOXIC
                             DANGER:
                             POISOH
                           HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
                             MAY BE FATAL OR CAUSE
CANNOT BE MADE NON-POISONOUS.
CAUSES IRRITATION.
TARGET ORGAN(S):
NERVES
BYES
                      BLINDNESS IF SWALLCWBD.  VAPOR HARMFUL.
                                                           Page  l
                                                    105

-------
       9 '94 10:38
                     FROM
                         fiLERICH TECKXUST SPW
                                              TO 9191S9667557
     PRODUCT #: 27764-9     NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL. ANHYDROUS,  DENATURED
              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHBST, Valid  8/94  -  10/94
                 Printed rTuesday,  August  09,  1994  10:29AM

    KEEP CONTAINER TIGHTLY CLOSED.
    KEEP AWAY  FROM SOURCES OP IGNITION. NO SMOKING.
    DO  NOT BREATHE VAPOR.
    HYGROSCOPIC          I
    HANDLE AND STORE UNDER NITROGEN.
SECTION 4.	"- "  I" "  "  *IRST-AI3  MEASURES-. ----	
    IN  CASK OF CONTACT,  IMMEDIATELY FLUSK BYES OR SKIN WITH COPIOUS
    AHOONTS OP WATER FOR AT LEAST 15  MINUTES  WHILE REMOVING CO>JTAMiNA^3D
    CLOTHING AND SHOES.   [
    ASSURE AD3QUATE FLUSHING  OF THE EYSS  BY SEPARATING THE EYELIDS
    WITH KING2RS.
                          FRESH AIR.  I? NOT BREATHING GIVE ARTIFICIAL
    IF INHALED, REMOVE TO
    RESPIRATION. IF BREATHING IS DIFFICULT, GIVE OXYGEK.
    IF SWALLOWED, WASH OUT MOUTH WITH WATER PROVIDED PERSON  IS  CONSCIOUS
    CALL A PHYSICIAN.
    WASH CONTAMINATED CLOrHING BEFORE REUSE.
SECTION 5. --------- FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES -------..-
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
    CARBOK DIOXIDE, DRY C3BMICAL POKD3R OR APPROPRIATE FOAM.
SPECIAL PIRBFIGHTING PROCEDURES
    WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TO
    PRSVEKT CONTACT WITH SKIN AND 3YES.
    OS2 WATER SPRAY TO COJDL FIRE-EXPOSED CONTAINERS.
    FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
UNUSUAL FIRB AND EXPLOSIONS HAZARDS
    EMITS TOXIC FUMBS UNDER FIRB CONDITIONS.
    VA?OR MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTASCS TO SOURCE OF IGNITION AKD
    FLASH BACK.          |
    CONTAINER EXPLOSION MAY OCCUR UNDSR FIRS CONDITIONS.
S2CTIOK 6, -	* ' r ACC1DENTAL REL3ASS MEASURES	--
    SHUT OFF ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION.
    EVACUATE ARBA.       | •  ' .  '
    WBAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS, RUBBER BOOTS AND HEAVY
    RUBBER GLOVES. '                      . .  •
    ABSORB ON SAND OR VERMICULITE AND PLACB IN CLOSED CONTAINERS FOR
    DISPOSAL.
    USE NONSPARKING TOOLS.
    VENTILATE AREA AND WASH SPILL SITS AFTER MATERIAL PICKUP IS COMPLETE
SECTION 7.-------U-. HANDLING AND STORAGE- 	 -----...
    REFER TO SECTION 8.  |   '    .
SECTION 8. ------ EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION	 - - -
    HEAR APPROPRIATE NIOSH/MSHA-APPROVBD RESPIRATOR, CHEMICAL-RESISTANT
    GLOVES,  SAFETY GOGGLES, OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.

                                  Page 2
                           106

-------
PUG  9  -94 10=39
                     FROM PLDRICH TEOU-CJST SfiU
                                           TO 9191SS6S7557
  PRODUCT 8: 27764-9     NAME:  BUTYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
           MATERIAL SA52TY DATA SH3ET. Valid 8/94 - 10/94
              Printed Tuesday, August  09,  1994  .10:29AM
                        FUME HOOD.
                        SKIN, ON CLOTHING.
    USE ONLY  IN A CHEMICAL
    SAFETY SHOWSR AND SYB :3ATH.
    DO NOT BREATHS VAPOR.
    DO NOT GET IN BYES,  ON
    AVOID PRQLO2JG3D OR REPEATED EXPOSURE.
    WASH  THOROUGHLY AFTER HANDLING.
    POISON
    IRRITANT.
    KBBP  TIGHTLY CLOSED.
    KEEP  AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME.
    STORE IN A COOL DRY PLACE.
SECTION 9.	 PHYSICAL AND CH2MICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE AND ODOR
    COLORLKSS LIQUID
    BOILING POINT: 78 C
    MELTING POINT: -130 C
    FLASHPOINT     48 P
                 8C
                             683  F
                                                 361C
                                             24.5%
                                             3.3*
                       0.785
                          •STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
    AOTOIGKITION TEMPERATURE:
    OTPER EXPLOSION LBV3L:
    LOHSR EXPLOSION LEV3L:
    VAPOR P3ESSURB:      44.6MM 2C C
    VA50R DENSITY:    1.59
    SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
SECTION 10.  -------
INCOMPATIBILITIES
    OXIDIZING AGENTS
    PEROXIDES
    ACIDS
    ACID CHLORIDES
    ACID ANHYDRIDES
    ALKALI METALS
    AMMONIA
    PROTECT FROM MOISTURB.
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
    TOXIC FUMES OF:       I
    CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE
SECTION 11. --------- TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION - - - - -
ACUTE EFFECTS
    MAY BS FATAL IF INHALED, SWALLOWED,  OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN.
    VAPOR OR MIST IS IRRITATING TO THE EY3S,  MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND UPPER
    RESPIRATORY TRACT.
           SKIN ISRITATIOil.
  CAUSES
                                 Page 3
                        107

-------
   HJG  9
             18:39
                     FROM
                         fiLDRICH TEO-VCUST SRU
     PRODUCT #;  27764-9
              MATERIAL S
                 Printed
      NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
   iFBTY DATA SH3BT, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
   ruesday, August  09,  1994   10:29AM
                                              TO 9191SS687557
    CAN CAUSE CMS DEPRESSION.
    EXPOSURB CAN CAUSE:
    DAMAGE TO THE EYES
    NAUSEA,  DIZZINESS AND
    NARCOTIC BFFBCT
    PROLONGED OR REPEATED
   HEADACHE
   EXPOSURE TO SKIN CAUSES DBFATTING AND
    DERMATITIS .
CHRONIC EFFECTS
    DAMAGE "TO THE LIVER
    DAMAGE TO THE HEART
    DAMAGE TO THE KIDNEYS
    TARGET ORGAN(S):
    KBRV3S
    EYES
    LIVSR, KIDNEYS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
    WARNING:  CONTAINS METKANOL. MAY BS FATAL OR CAUSE BLINDNESS  IF
    SWALLOWED. CANNOT BE HADE NONPOISONOUS.
RTECS NO:  KQ6300000
    ETHYL ALCOHOL
IRRITATION DATA
    SKN-RBT 400 MG OPEN MLD
    SKN-RBT 20 MG/24H MOEJ
    EYB-RBT 500 MG SEV
    EYB-RBT 500 MG/24H
    EYB-RBT XOO MG/4S RI^SE MOD
TOXICITY DATA
    ORL-CH0 LDLC:2 GX/KG
    ORL-EMN LDLO:1400 MG/KG
    SCU-INF LDLO:X9440 MG/KG
    ORL-RAT LD50:70€0 KG^KG
    IHL-RAT LC50:20000 PPM/10H
    IPR-RAT LD50:3600 UG/KG
    IVN-RAT LD5C.-1440 MG/KG
    IAT-RAT LD50:11  MG/KG
    ORL-MUS LDSO:3450 MG/KG
    IBL-MDS LC50:39  GM/M3/4H
    IPR-MUS LDSO:933 MG/^33
    SCU-MDS LD50:8285 MG/KG
    IVN-MUS LD50:1973 MG/KG
    ORL-R3T LD50:€300 MG/KG
    1PR-RBT LD50:963 MG/KG
    TVN-RBT LD50:2374 HG/KG
1UIJ

 H3D
UCDS** 7/22/7C
85JCAB -,18S.8S
AJOPAA 29,1363,46
85JCAS -,189.86
?CTOD7 20,573,82

ATXKA3 17,183,58
NPIRI* 1,44,74
AJCPAI 5,466.35
TXAPA9 16,718,70
NPIRZ* 1,44,74
PKMGBN 2,27,69
TXAPA9 18,60,71
TXAPA9 18,60,71
GISAAA 32(3),31,67
GTP2A3 26(8),S:i,82
SCOUR* -,5,61
FAONAU 48A, 99,70
HBTXAC 1,128,55
HBTXAC 1,130,55
EVEPAZ 61,321,85
BVHPAZ 61,321,85
                                   Page 4
                            108

-------
   BUG  9 '94
                     FROM CLDRICH TEOVCL5T SRU
                                              TO 9191SS6S7557
     PRODUCT #: 27764-9      NAME:  ETEYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
              MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
                 Printed Tuesday, August  09,  1994   10:29AM
    ORL-GPG LD50:5560 MG/KJ3
    IPR-GPG 11)50:3414 MG/KG
    IPR-HAM LD50.-5068 MG/KJG
    IPR-MAM LD50:4300 MG/XG
TARGET ORGAN DATA
    BEHAVIORAL (SLEEP)
    BEHAVIORAL (CHANGS IK
MOTOR ACTIVITY)
    BEHAVIORAL  (ATAXIA)
    BEHAVIORAL  (ANTIPSYCHOTIC)
    BEHAVIORAL  (H3ADACHB)
    BEHAVIORAL  (CHANGE IN
                        JIHTAB 23.259,41
                        BVHPAZ 61,321,85
                        EVKPAZ 61,321,85
                        TXAPA9 13,358,€3
PSYCHOPHYSIOLCGICAL TESTS)
    LUNGS. THORAX OR R3SPIRATION (CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA OR CONGESTION)
    LONGS, THORAX OR R2SP3JSATION (DYSPNAS)
    LUNGS, THORAX OX RBS?ISATION (OTHER CHANGES)
    GASTROINTESTINAL  (ALTERATION IK GASTRIC SBCRBTICN)
    GASTROINTESTINAL  (HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRH2A)
    GASTROINTESTINAL  (KAOSBA OR VOMITING)
    GASTROINTESTINAL  (OTHER CHANGES)
    LIV3R  (PATTY LIVER DEGENERATION)
    LIVER  (TUMORS)
    BLOCD  (OTHER CHANGES)
    BLOOD. (LYHPHOMA INCLtnJIBG HODGKIN'S DISEASE)
    PATERNAL  EFFECTS  (TBSTES, BPIDIDYMIS, SPERM DUCT)
    EFFECTS ON  FERTILITY (FSMALB FERTILITY INDEX)
    EFP3CTS ON  FERTILITY (MALE FERTILITY.INDEX)
    3FF3CTS ON  P3RTILITY (POST-IMPLANTATION MORTALITY)
    EFFECTS ON  FERTILITY |(OTHBR MEASURES OF FERTILITY)
    EFFECTS ON  EMBRYO OR FETUS (EXTRA EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES)
    EFFECTS ON  EMBRYO OR FETUS (CYTOLOGICAL CHANGES)
    EFFECTS OM  BMKRYO OR FETOS (FETOTOXICITY)
    EFFECTS ON  EMBRYO OR JPETUS (FETAL DEATH)
    EFFECTS ON  EMBRYO OR FBTUS (OTHER EFFECTS TO 2MBYRO OR FBTUS)
    SPECIFIC  DEVBLOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES  (BYE,  BAH)
    SPECIFIC  DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES  (CRANIOFACIAL)
    SPECIFIC  DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIBS  (MUSCULOSKBLBTAL SYSTEM)
    SPECIFIC  DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES (RESPIRATORY SYSTEM)
    EFFECTS ON  NEWBORN  (GROWTH STATISTICS)
    TDMORIGENIC (EQUIVOCAL TUMORIGENIC  AG3HT BY RTBCS CRITSRIA)
    ONLY SBLBCT3D REGISTRY OF TOXIC EFFECTS  OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
     (RTBCS) DATA IS PRESENTED HBRB.  SEE ACTUAL ENTRY IN RTBCS  FOR
     COMPLETE INFORMATION.I
 SECTION 12.	 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION - ------
     DATA NOT YBT AVAILABLE.

                                    Page S
                           109

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                           BUG  3 '94  10:41
                                             FROM
                             PRODUCT «: 27764-9
                                                 =»-DRtCH TEOVCLST
                                                                      TO
             NAME:  ETHYL ALCOHOL.  ANHYDROUS,  DENATURED
                                      MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid  8/94  -  10/94
                                         Printed Tuesday,  August 09, 1994  10:29AM
          Tu<
                            OEL IN  BULGARIA.  COLOMBIA,  JORDAN,  XGR3A CHECK ACGIH TLV
                            OBL IK  NEW ZEALAND,  SINGAPORE.  VIETNAM CHECK ACGIH TLV
                            NIOSH RBIi TO ETHYL ALCOHOL-AIR:10E TWA 1000 PPM
                             NIOSE* DHHS ¥92-100. J92
                                                      430;  TNF 1S7709; NOS 242; TNE 2088926
                                                      321;  TNF 76013; NOS 219; TNB 1752303; TFE
HZD 31500;
HZD 31500;
NIS
NIS
                                                      POSITIVE: RODENT DOMINANT LETHAL
                                                      NEGATIVE: ASPBRGILLUS-FCRWARD MUTATION;
                                                      NEGATIVE:
                                                      NEGATIVE:
                         CELL TRANSFORM.-RLV ?344  RAT EMBRYO
                         .IN VITRO CnXJGENETICS-NONHUMAN;
   NOES 1974:
   NOES 1983:
    823234
   BPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988,
   BPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988,
    SHB-CLONAL ASSAY
   BPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988,
   EPA GBNETOX PROGRAM 1J988,
    MAMMALIAN-MICRONUCLSUS
   EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988,  NEGATIVE:  N CRASSA-ANEUPLOIDY; HISTIDINB
    REVERSION-AHSS  TBST |
   BPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988,  NEGATIVE:  IN VITRO SCE-HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES; B
    VITRO SCB-HUMAN
   EPA GBNETOX PROGRAM 1938,  NEGATIVE:  IN VITRO SCB-NONKUMAN; SPERM
    MORPHOLOGY-MOUSE   ' I
   BPA GBNBTOX PROGRAM 1988,  NEGATIVE/LIMITED: CARCINOGBNICITY-MOUSE/RAT
   BPA TSCA CHEMICAL  INVENTORY,  JUNE 1993
   BPA TSCA SECTION 8{B)|  STATUS REPORT 8EHQ-0736-0617
   BPA TSCA TBST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 1994
   NIOSH ANALYTICAL METHODS:  SEE ALCOHOLS I, 1400;
   NIOSH ANALYTICAL METHODS:  SEB 2-BUTANONE, ETEANOL. AND TOLUENE IN
     BLOOD,  8002
     5.0V MBTHANCL  67-56-1
   TEIS  PRODUCT IS SUBJECT TO SARA SECTION 313 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
SECTION 16.  ----------- OTH3R INFORMATION
                        THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS
           BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT BUT DOES NOT PURPORT TO
                        BE ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BE USED ONLY AS A GUID3. SIGMA,  ALDRICH,
                        FLUKA SHALL NOT BE HELD LIA3LB FOR ANY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM HANDLING
                        OR FROM  CONTACT WITH THE ABOVE PRODUCT. SEE REVERSE SIDE OF INVOICE OR
                        PACKING  SLIP  FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OP SALE.
                        COPYRIGHT 1994 SIGMA CHEMICAL CO., ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO., INC.,
                        FLUKA CHBMIB  AG
                        LICENSE  GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USB ONLY
                     Page 7
                                                   111

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