POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY
ASSESSMENT OF THE UNITED STATES
ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS
GARRISON DAM HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANT
RIVERDALE, NORTH DAKOTA
by
TRC Environmental Corporation
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 26514
Contract #: 68-D2-7783
Project Officer
N. Theresa T. Hoagland
Sustainable Technology Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
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CONTACT
(formerly the Risk Reduction Engineering iSS '* Cindnnati' OH
Laboratory is headquartered in Cincinnati. OH, and fe now responsib e or .
Sustainable Technology Division in Cincinnati resP°ns,b!e for research conducted by the
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DISCLAIMER
The information in this document has been funded wholly or in part by the United States
=~;«
2nL^ °f trade nameS °r commercial Prod"*s does not constitute endorsement
auon lor USG.
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FOREWORD
land, aKnd wa&ources31 Untfa'a d e' 5 nati^ * ^^ «* 'rotec^ *. Nation's
formulate and implement actions fading™ a ^S^^S!S!S^f^ ** AgenCy Strives to
of natural systems to support and nurture Hfe To meet this mandat fSS " >!?MHe8 a"d the ab
prov,d.ng data and technical support for solvina enSronrnpntT, n K, ' Pf ! research Program is
knowledge base necessary to manage our SoqS^o?^ 7' t0?y and buildin9 a science
our health, and prevent orTeduce enLnmenSS !n the Sr "' "*"*"« h°W P°"Utants affect
environment. The focus of the LaKratory?iSeSS tSaram k * J° huma" health and tne
control of pollution to air land water and I suh^rJ TrP 9 S °" methods fortne Prevention and
systems ; remediation «™S£££?$^^ ^ water
pollution. The goal of this research effort is to catal™ ripv^m f "*f.ntro" and c™™ of indoor air
- "
. rc eor s to catal™ ripvm .
cost-effective environmental technologfes deveton SST.SI "^ 'mp ementa«on °f innovate,
to support regulatory and policy decSns-' and nS JiS 1 d en9Ineenn9 information needed by EPA
*
y an pocy decns- and n e y
ensure effective imL^SSi^^ info-a«- transfer te*
researchers vviS the^ clfenl Development to assist the user
|. . i_ i- «"•*»*• i |>y i wuu VCU ao L/ctI 1 O
is published and made available by EPA's Office c
community and to link researchers with their clients.
E. Timothy Oppelt, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
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ABSTRACT
ram- n Pu summanzes work conducted at the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE)
Garnson Dam Hydroelectnc Powerplant in Riverdale, North Dakota under the U.S. EnvUnmental
Protection Agency's (EPA's) Waste Reduction Evaluations at Federal Sites (WREAFS) Program This
project was funded by SERDP and conducted in cooperation with USAGE official^
r^,, • The pufrpofes of 'he WREAFS Program are to identify new technologies and techniques for
reducmg wastes from mdustnal processes at Federal sites, and to enhance the implementation of
poHution prevention through technology transfer. New techniques and technologies for reducing waste
furthe7e^.Hrt '^fiedhthrou9h P°llution P^ention opportunity assessments (PPOAs) anS mfyTe
further evaluated through joint research, development, and demonstration projects.
A pollution prevention opportunity assessment was performed during June 1994 which identified
Although the powerplant was efficiently designed and employees have estebfehed
8dUflt? Ultin9 in the redUCtion °f Waste 9eneratio". opportunities were identified
in Mayp
This report was submitted in fulfillment of Contract Number 68-D2-01 81 by TRC Environmental
Corporation, under.the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency This reoort covers!
period from 6/1/94 to 9/30/94; work was completed as of 9/30/94 P
iv
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CONTENTS
CONTACT ...........
DISCLAIMER ..... ..... ................ .................................... .!
FOREWORD ....... ........................ ' ......................... .!!
ABSTRACT ....... [[[ .'"
FIGURES ........ ................... .' ................. ' ............. N
TABLES . ...... .......... [[[ ^
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....... [[[ Y!
[[[ vii
1 INTRODUCTION ..........
1.1 PURPOSE .............. .................. ' ............... ' ........ '• 1
1.2 APPROACH TO THE PPOA AT THE GDHP ...........'..'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.','/. ...... 3
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE GDHP
2.1 GENERAL.. .......... .... ............................................ j?
2.2 ELECTRICITY GENERATION ........................'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '.'. '. [ " ......... 7
3 SITE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION...
3.1 MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY OVERVIEW ....................................... I
3.2 MAINTENANCE DESCRIPTIONS .......... '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ....................... -14
3.2.1 Turbines and Generator Units ...... ____ '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ................ -14
3.2.2 Transformers and Oil Circuit Breakers ...'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ................. 17
3.2.3 Outlet Works (Intake Structure, Wicket Gates, Penstocks, Surge Tanks
and Related Equipment) ...... ........................ ' 2n
3.2.4 Spillway and Tainter Gates ............. ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ........... 25
3.2.5 Non-Hydropower Related Systems ...................... ->Q
3.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE PRODUCTION HISTORY ....... I'.'.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ...... 29
4 OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT .... ^
4.1 RESULTS OF THE PPOA ..... ............ ','. .............................. t]
4.1.1 General Results ..... . . ........ ............................. ~]
4.1.2 Wicket Gate Lubrication ..... ............... ........................ 31
4.1.3 Chemical Antifreeze Use . . ......................... ,R
4.1.4 Other PPOA Issues ....... .............................. £
4.1.5 Parts Washing .............................. '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ............ 44
4.1 .6 Consumer Product Recycling ................ ........ ................ 45
4.1 .7 Inventory Control ................. '......'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ......... 45
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FIGURES
Number
1
2
3
4
Page.
Key Elements of a Pollution Prevention Program Plan
Site Plan of Garrison
Diagram of a Typical Wicket Gate [ 2T
Tainter Gate with Bubbler System and Heating Elements 27
TABLES
Number
1
2
3
4
5 .
6
7
Page
GDHP Chemical Inventory g
Repainting History of the Surge Tanks '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 24
Hazardous Waste Production and Disposal History .................... 30
Comparison of Grease and Non-Grease Lubricated Bushings ! " ' 35
Summary of Chemical/Toxilogical Data and Reporting Requirements
For Various Antifreeze Compounds 41
Options to Reduce Methanol Use at the Tainter Gates ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.', 43
Summary of Significant Wastestreams Generated by the GDHP, and
Recommended Options for the Wastestream Reduction or Modification 45
vi
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to acknowledge the help and cooperation provided by Peg O'Bryan, Rick
Moore, and Dale Everson of the USAGE. Other USAGE employees at the facility, most notably Bob
Krumwiede, were also very helpful and cooperative. In addition, information provided to us by vendors of
equipment and services, additional USAGE personnel, and the useful project guidance and review
comments of the EPA Project Officer, Brenda Massengill, the EPA Assignment Manager, James Bridges,
and the EPA Task Work Assignment Manager, Terri Hoagland, were appreciated.
This report was prepared for EPA's Pollution Prevention Research Branch by Daniel Bowman,
Ritchie Buschow, and Jan Smith of TRC Environmental Corporation for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency under Contract No. 68-D2-0181.
vii
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this project was to conduct a Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment
(PPOA) of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) Garrison Dam Hydroelectric Powerplant
(GDHP) in Riverdale, North Dakota. The assessment was conducted under the Waste Reduction
Evaluations at Federal Sites (WREAFS) Program, which is administered by the Pollution Prevention
Research Branch in the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) of EPA. The study was
conducted in accordance with the EPA manual, Facility Pollution Prevention fini^ (EPA/600/R-92/088),
which provides a methodology for assessing operations to identify, evaluate, and implement pollution
prevention opportunities.
Pollution prevention in environmental management requires the development of a
comprehensive program which continually seeks opportunities to implement cost-effective strategies to
reduce waste generation. PPOAs provide detailed assessments of waste streams, options for reducing
waste generation or preventing pollution, and analyses of alternative operating practices which generate
less waste. Figure 1 identifies the key elements of a pollution prevention program showing the
interrelationship of the PPOA to the program. The elements of the pollution prevention program are
discussed in detail in the Facility Pollution Prevention Guide.
The approach for conducting the PPOA at the GDHP is described in this section. Section 2
gives a physical description of the GDHP. Section 3 describes operations at the GDHP, as well as
characterizes pollution prevention issues related to these operations. Possible alternative practices
minimizing these wastes are discussed in Section 4. Recommendations on potential follow-up activities
and demonstration projects are also included in Section 4. Worksheets used for the GDHP PPOA are
included in Appendix A. Appendix B contains Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for important
chemicals used at the GDHP and for other chemicals discussed in this report.
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EsUbish the Polution Prevention Program
- Ex acuity* level Decision
- Policy Statement
-Consensus Building
i
Organize Program
- Name Task Force
• Stale Goals
i
Complete Pretminary Assessment
- CoBect Data
- Review Sites
- EstabSsh Priorities
Write Program Plan
* Consider External Groups
- Define Objectives
- Identify Potential Obstacles
- Develop Schedule
Complete Detailed Assessment
- Name Assessment Team(s)
- Review Data and Site(s)
- Organize and Document Information
Define Pollution Prevention Options
- Propose Options
- Screen Options
i
Complete Feasibility Analyses
- Technical
- Environmental
- Economic
Write Assessment Report
Implement the Ran
- Select Projects
- Obtain Funding
-Install
JL
Measure Progress
- Acquire Data
- Analyzu Results
±
Maintain Pollution Prevention Program
Figure 1. Pollution prevention program overview.
2
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1.2 APPROACH TO THE PPOA AT THE GDHP
In general, hydroelectric power generation is an environmentally acceptable method of
producing electrical power. Little air and water pollution are generated by a hydroelectric plant, and very
few natural resources are consumed in the production of power, in contrast to fossil fuel power
generation. The most significant environmental disturbances are created during initial construction of a
hydroelectric powerplant and reservoir, which permanently alters the environment from a riverine to a
lake ecosystem.
Hydroelectric power generation has significant environmental benefits when compared to other
power production methods. This PPOA was conducted in order to determine if any additional
environmental conservation in the form of pollution prevention is possible at the GDHP, and at
hydroelectric powerplants in general. During this effort, theoperations of the GDHP were assessed for
their environmental impacts. Overall, the GDHP is operated efficiently and with little waste production
due to both the functional design of the plant and conscientious efforts by management and employees
to m,n,mize waste production. There are a small number of areas, however, where it may be possible to
ach,eve significant pollution prevention. The following two areas were identified for the greatest potential
reduction in waste generation:
• Wicket gate lubrication
• Tainter gate maintenance
Both of these significant areas are described in detail in Section 4 of this report and potential waste
saving measures are discussed. Several less significant areas of potential waste generation reduction
were also identified during the PPOA site visit. These areas are also discussed in Section 4.
During the site visit conducted in connection with this PPOA, all areas of waste generation and
potential reduction were discussed to promote understanding of all facets of the operations and barrios
to potential waste-reducing initiatives. Research conducted following the site visit explored pollution
prevention issues that affect the GDHP and other hydroelectric powerplants. This report attempts to
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provide specific pollution prevention initiatives applicable to the GDHP, while maintaining a broader
perspective on the potential for similar measures at other facilities.
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SECTION 2
DESCRIPTION OF THE GDHP
2.1 GENERAL
The GDHP is located on the Missouri River 55 miles northwest of Bismark, North Dakota. It was
constructed by the USAGE, and is operated and maintained by the USAGE, Garrison Project, Omaha
District, Missouri River Division. Construction of the dam and embankment was completed in early
1953, and power was initially generated from the plant in January of 1956. The rolled earth-fill dam is
approximately 210 feet in height, with a width at the base of 2.600 feet and at the top of 60 feet. This
project produced Lake Sakakawea, which is a reservoir approximately 200 miles long with a total
storage capacity of 40 billion cubic yards. Lake Sakakawea stretches from Riverdale to the town of
Williston in northwestern North Dakota. Figure 2 shows the layout of the Garrison Dam.
The GDHP was constructed to serve multiple purposes, including flood control, fish and wildlife,
navigation, power generation, irrigation control, and recreation. The USAGE currently maintains
separate powerplant and lake maintenance operations for the project. The powerplant operations group,
consisting of approximately 30 employees, is responsible for maintaining the powerplant structure,
components, and related operations, as well as operating the spillway to perform flood control functions.
The lake operations group, also consisting of approximately 30 employees, is responsible for
maintaining the recreation facilities and lake navigation, as well as managing natural resources.
DamThese two groups are currently operating separately, but the USAGE is in the process of merging
them. .
Flood overflow at the GDHP can be managed by means of a concrete spillway in the eastern
bank of the dam. The spillway can discharge up to 827,000 cubic feet of water per second. However,
the spillway has not been needed since its construction. Three flood control tunnels in the outlet works
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i > >•(
\ \f \
Figure 2. Site plan of Garrison
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of the powerplant have historically been sufficient to discharge excess capacity during periods of high
flow. The spillway consists of 28 tainter gates, each of which can be independently controlled for precise
flow management during times of emergency discharge.
2.2 ELECTRICITY GENERATION
The hydroelectric generating plant and outlet works are located on the west side of the dam
abutment. The outlet works supplies water to the turbine drivers of the generator units and is then
discharged to the river downstream. The outlet works consists of a water intake structure located in
Lake Sakakawea, the three flood control tunnels discussed above, and five 1,620 foot long power
penstocks, which channel water to the five turbine drivers of the generator units. Five electric generating
units, each one driven by a turbine, are located in the powerhouse. Each turbine shaft is connected to a
cylindrical rotor located in the hollow generator stator. The stator is made of coils of copper bars wound
on a rigid frame to form a hollow cylinder. The rotor is magnetized through the application of direct
current to field windings located on the rotor. As the magnetic field created by the rotor spins past the
stationary stator coils, electricity is generated.
The five generating units are capable of producing a maximum combined output of 502,600
kilowatts (KW) of power. Three of the units can produce 102,000 KW of power each, while the
remaining two can produce 98,000 KW each. Generally, the plant can reliably supply a continuous
324,000 KW of power. The five turbines which power the generating units rotate at up to 90 revolutions
per minute. The power penstocks are each connected to two surge tanks, which are 65 feet in diameter
and 135 feet in height. The surge tanks serve to dampen out surges caused by load changes to the
turbines.
Each generating unit is connected to an individual bank of transformers. Power travels from the
generator to the transformer, and then through oil-filled pipe and cables to the switchyard, which is
located directly .southeast of the powerplant. Power is then transmitted from the switchyard to a number
of substations operated by the Department of Energy (DOE) Western Area Power Administration
(WAPA). WAPA markets the power throughout the region. The control room for the electrical system
and the operation and maintenance facilities for the GDHP are located in the powerhouse.
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SECTION 3
SITE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
3.1 MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY OVERVIEW
Equipment at the GDHP is normally maintained according to fixed schedules specified in
USAGE maintenance manuals. Copies of these manuals are kept onsite. To effectively characterize
maintenance operations at the GDHP, it is beneficial to divide the GDHP's operations into sections. The
GDHP can be broken down into five areas, each of which requires maintenance operations:
• Turbines and generator units
• Transformers and circuit breakers
• Outlet works (intake structure, wicket gates, penstocks, surge tanks, and related equipment)
• Spillway and tainter gates
• Non-hydropower related systems, such as water treatment and office equipment
The first two areas include all equipment directly related to electricity generation and transfer. The
second two areas include all equipment related to water movement and control. Most of the functions
performed by GDHP employees involve maintenance of onsite electrical equipment, although water-
related and other equipment also require periodic maintenance. The remainder of this section will
discuss these five areas and associated maintenance requirements in detail, as well as address wastes
generated from them.
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TABLE 1. GDHP CHEMICAL INVENTORY
Product
StanOi
Mutt Fax EP2
Gulf No Rust Oil
Texaco Soluble Oi
JackOi
HydrauScOi
Hydraulic Jacking Oi
Muriatic Acid
Dyno Drain
Calcium Phosphate
918 Phosphate Balls
WD-40
DorcJa#20Oil
Silica Sand
Frosto
Super X Vacuum Pump OB
Oxidation Inhibitor Turbine Oi
Viscosine BA Air Filters
CRC 12 Solvent
Sonalostic
Sonalostic Pigment
RegaISS
Seculate
Ross 427
Carburetor Cleaner
757 Degree Argena
Oxygen
.
U».
Lubricate station drainer pumps
Grease turbine parts above and below water
level
Overhead cranes gear lube
Maintenance shop band saw cutting
Hydraulic jacks
Oil circuit breaker hydraulic systems
Overhead crane brakes and thrusters
Etch metal and floor tile
Drain cleaning Squid
Intake water plant scale control
Intake water plant scale control
General lubricant
Intake overhead bridge crane bull gears and
pinions
Sandblasting
Intake surge tank and spillway bubbler air
system anti-freeze
Generator air brake system
Additive for turbine burning oil
Dust collection agent for air filters
Special parts cleaning solvent
Concrete sealer
Primer for concrete sealer
ST and DT compressor oil
Paint surfaces subject to condensation
SS/air corrip.
Clean ST bubbler compressor valves
Welding gas
Welding gas
(continued)
9
Quantity or Inventory
5 gallons
5 55-gallon drums
5 gallons
3 gallons
3 gallons
4 gallons
25 gallons
1 gallon
2 gallons
25 pounds
3 bags'
Scans'
5 gallons
90 100-pound bags
10 55-gallon drums
15 gallons
18 gallons
10 gallons
3 gallons
2 5-galton pails
1 32-ounca can
75 gallons
14 gallons
70 gallons
2 gallons
7 75-pound bottles
11 75-pound bottles, 52-
pound bottles
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Table 1. (continued)
Product
Use
Quantity or Inventory
Acetylene
Thinning Oi
Rust Nix
Paint Spray Cans
Latex Paint
ZRC Cold Galvanizing
Rust Transformer
No Drip Plastic Coating
Sonnebom Primer 733
IFAM 51 Degreaser
Garon Plug
Ice Melt Plus
Concrete Seal
Foundation Coating HandiGuard
Kold Bond Roof Patch
Crack Fl
United 692 Parts Cleaner
Mineral Spirits
National Chemsearch D150
Team 315
National Chemsearch 0165
Grease Tubes Lub. Engineers
Ajax Caulk Grease
SS-80
Heat
Diesel Fuel
Kroil Penetrating Oil
Compressor OB 427
Gear Oil 632
Welding gas
RustoJeum paint thinner
Rust inhibitor paint
Miscellaneous painting needs
Miscellaneous painting needs
Galvanizing metal
Rust inhibitor paint
Coating and sealant
Paint primer
Paint preparation cleaner
Dry packing cement cracks
Sidewalk ice remover
Concrete sealer
Concrete sealer
Roof patch or overcoat
Concrete crack filler
Parts cteaner
Oil based paint thinner
Water soluble solvent for parts cleaning
Industrial soap cleaner
Parts washer
Bearing lubrication
Lube hoist ropes
Cleaning solvent
Vehicle gas line antifreeze
Fuel for diesel generators, steam jenny, and
high pressure washers
Intake structure, loosen rusty parts
High pressure intake air compressor ofl
Trunion bearing and crane gear cases
9 75-pound bottles. 5 2-
pound bottles
4gaJons
7 gal oos
76 12-ouncecans
11 gallons
1 galon
9galons
2galons
1.5 gallons
5 gaBons
5 galons
25 gallons
10 gallons
20 gallons
14 gallons
20 gallons
100 gallons
55 gallons
55 gallons
40 gallons
55 gallons
36 tubes'
23 pressure cans'
110 gallons
48 cans'
300 gallons
100 gaflons
305 gallons
175 gallons
(continued)
10
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Table 1. (continued)
Product
URSA Oi Diesel Eng.
OI600W
Crater 2X Oi
lndOO*95
Ice Machine OS
Lubricating Engineers Comp. Oil
AJraEne Oil
Thread Cutting Oil
Detvac 1330 Oil
DTE Extra Heavy Oil
Texaco Capella Oil
#10-X Lubricant Oil
LeadoBne Oi
Lubriplate
Oakite Protective Ofl
Super Solvent
Dalco Solvent Degreaser
Glyptal Paint
Insulating Varnish
Glyptal Enamel Paint
Thinner
Hydraulic Oil
High Vacuum Oil
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Chromic Acid
German Neutral Solution
Nitrogen Cylinders
Electrolyte Battery Acid
U*«
Portable diesel engine oi
Crane gear case lube
Tainter gates, crane drive gear, spfflway
gates
Drip o3er for intake hoists
Fan air fater lubricant
SpHlway and gov. air comp. compressor
crank case ol
Air tool lubricant
Thread cutting 08
Internal diesel engine oi
Crankcase 08. internal low pressure
compressor
Refrigerant oi
Intake crane gear
Intake gate hoist level winders
Metal protector for tainter gate equalizer
chains
Intake gate hoist level winders
Centrifuge cleaner
Switchyard OCB maintenance
Varnishing motor windings
Generator stator tead repair
Generator bushing repair
Thinner for insulating varnish
Hydraulic system on OCS's
Vacudyne pumps, transmission maintenance
Oil testing process
Oil testing process
Oil testing process
Dry blanket for transformers
Battery fluid replacement
(continued)
11
Quantity or Inventory
60 quarts
16 gallons
7, gallons
220 gallons
30 gallons
100 gallons
20 gallons
4 gallons
140 gallons
130 gallons
1 gallons
4 gallons
10 gallons
8 gallons
5 gallons
40 gallons
40 gallons
16 gallons
144 gallons
23 gallons
8 gallons
42 gallons
0.5 gaDons
0.25 gallons
1.5 pounds
1.5 gallons
40 cylinders1
10 gallons
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Table 1. (continued)
Product
Use.
Quantity or Inventory
3M Scotch Kote
System Anti-Freeze
Isopropyl Alcohol
Propane Cylinders
Spinde Oil
Rubber Cement Thinner
Penetrating Oil
WD-40
Cono-Guard
SS 150
Dry Moly Lug
lubridex
Rid Rust
Insulation Spray
CLP II
Chemsearch NC-123
Dry Guard
Seaflcone
Honeywell OO
Contact RE-NU
Molylube
Cable Cleaner
Chance Moisture Hater
Chance Glass Restorer
Red DevS Urethane Seal Coat
Corro-Ctean
PVC Cement
Sodium Hypochloride
Moisture proof electrical splices
Air brakes on bucket truck
Cleaning mirrors
Shrink S-Ocng repair
Lube for Steven's recorders
Rubber cement thinner
Loosen rusty parts
Multi-purpose lubricart
Conduit thread-cutting oil
Solvent for electrical parts cleanup
Lube hingo points on OCB's operating
mechanism
Lube hinge points on OCB's operating
mechanism
Maintenance of rusty parts
Surface coating for wire splicing
Cleaning electrical contacts
Cleaning electrical contacts
Dry air for relay testing
Weather proof gasket material on transformer
isolated bus covers
Recorder oi
Clean electrical contacts
Lube hinge points on 13.8 and 480 volt
breakers
Cable spGcaig
Recoodtion hot sticks
Recondition hot sticks
Electrical insulator for bushings
Battery terminal cleaner
Plastic pipe connecting
Control fecal cdiform
1 ISO-ounce can
9 32-ounce cans
1 gallon
5 14-ounce cans
1.5 gallons
1 12-flu'd ounce bottle
1.5 gallons
1 gaflon
8 15-ounce cans
1 15-ounce cans
1 16-ounce can
3 15-ounce cans
1 15-ounce can
10 15-ounce cans
21 15-ounce cans
24 15-ounce cans
21 15-ounce cans
9 8-ounce cans
4 8-ounce cans
17 289-ounce cans
13 15-ounce cans
2 gallons
1 gallon
1 20-ounce can
10 14-ouncecans
3 16.75-ounce cans
1 16-ounce can
20 gallons
(continued)
12
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Table 1. (continued)
Product
^^— .Ml —
Quantity or lnv«ntory
Aluminum Sulfate
Trisodhjm Phosphate
Calciom Phosphate
918 Phosphate Bafls
s Sodium Hypochloride
Glass Cleaner
Pine Cleaner
Toilet Bow) Cleaner
Ammonia
Creme Cleaner
Vinegar
SO-20 Spray
SO-20 Liquid
Clorox
Floor Stripper
FborWax
Soap and Scum Remover
Final Rinse
Floor Prep
Stainless Steel Cleaner
Team 150 Odor Control for Drains
Oven Cleaner Pad
Aid floatation
Scale control
Scale control
Scale control
Control fecal coliform
Cleaning surfaces
Cleaning
Toilet cleaning
Cleaning
Sink cleaning
Floor cleaning
Spray cleaner
Spray deaner (add water)
Disinfecting surfaces
Wax stripper
Ftoorwax
Cleaner
Floor scrubbing deaner
Floor scrubbing deaner
Stainless steel surface polish
Drain cleaner/odor controller
Oven cleaning
Several bags'
30 pounds
100 pounds
25 pounds
3 bags'
20 gallons
2.5 gallons
1 quart
3 gallons
2 quarts
12 quarts
8 gallons
2 18-ounce cans
1 gallon
12 gallons
10 gallons
12 pints
2 gallons
3 gallons
6 18 ounce cans
5 quarts
1 pad1
Exact quantities of certain chemicals were
contributions to GDHP waste streams.
not determined; however, these chemicals do not appear to make significant
13
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An inventory of all chemicals used and stored onsite was developed for the GDHP. This
inventory, Table 1, includes a list of all chemicals stored and used at the GDHP, volumes of these
chemicals kept onsite, and chemical use.
3.2
MAINTENANCE DESCRIPTIONS
3.2.1 Turbines and Generator Units
3.2.1.1 Description
The GDHP has five turbines which are i sed to power the generators. Each turbine is located in
a penstock at the base of the powerplant buildin: 3. The five turbines are all original equipment installed
during the construction of the GDHP, and were manufactured by Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton. According to
plant personnel, the USAGE is currently assess! ig the turbines for potential replacement in the next
several years.
Each of the five turbines rotates on a main bearing. These bearings are lubricated by an oil.
The GDHP maintains equipment to purify and recycle this oil, which is referred to as lubricating oil. An
oil recycling room in the powerhouse building contains storage tanks for lubricating oil. The oil is
removed from the bearings by a piping network,
from the dirty oil tank through a centrifuge and a
particulates from the oil. The oil is then piped to
and put in the "dirty oil" tank. To clean the oil, it is piped
filter system. This system removes almost all
* ' .
a "clean oil" tank in the oil recycling area. Finally, the oil
is piped from the clean oil tank through the centrifuge and filter again, and then back to the unit from
where it originated. Some excess oil is maintained in the area and can be added to the bearing if
necessary. The GDHP has never needed to add oil to this system in its lifetime. The GDHP maintains
two oil recycling systems, one for lubricating oil and one for transformer and OCB oil. Transformer and
OCB oil recycling is discussed in Section 3.2.2
The lubricating oil is removed from each
cleaning, the oil is tested by GDHP personnel fo
bearing and cleaned every three years. During the
dielectric strength and metal content to determine if the
oil is fouled or has begun deteriorating. During tiis recycling and testing procedure, the turbines may be
serviced as well. Before the turbines are serviced, the headgates in the intake building are shut, thus
preventing water from entering the penstock, which houses the turbine. Water is then vented from the
14
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penstocks and surge tanks. Servicing the
turbine (i.e., achieving the
welds on the units. The turbines can be access'
turbines ordinarily consists of adjusting the cavitation of the
proper waterdynamic shape of the turbine blades) by repairing stainless steel
3d from above and below for maintenance.
As discussed in Section 2.2, each of th€ five generators is located directly above a turbine. A
generator shaft connects the turbine and generator and serves to transfer power from the turbine to the
generator. The turbines rotate at speeds of up to 90 revolutions per minute. The wattage output from
the generators is directly related to the rotationa speed of the turbine. As the rotational speed of the
turbine increases, so does the wattage produced by the generators. The turbine speed is controlled by
the use of wicket gates, which precisely regulate, the flow of water to the turbines. These gates are
described in Section 3.2.3.
The generator units are located on the t jp floor of the powerhouse building. The generators
have remained essentially unchanged since they commenced operation in 1956, except for generator
winding replacement, which was performed on all five generators around 1980. The generator windings
consist of copper wire wound on a spool. In each generator unit, a generator shaft, which is powered by
a spinning turbine, rotates between these windings. A magnet is attached to the end of the generator
shaft, which induces an electrical field in the windings as the generator shaft rotates. This produces
electrical power which is harnessed for distribution.
The generators and windings can be se viced by a large overhead crane system which is built
into the roof and upper walls of the powerplant building. The power output from the generator can be
regulated from the control room located in the powerplant building. Power output can also be controlled
remotely from the WAPA dispatcher's station in Water-ton, South Dakota.
In performing service on electrical parts,
onsite. Two of these parts washers are ultrasoni
vibrated at a high frequency: The system emuls
the GDHP uses four parts washers which are located
c cleaners, which operate using water and soap
fies greases and oils and removes particulates. The
GDHP also has two larger baths,.which are generally filled with mineral spirits. GDHP personnel have
attempted to use other cleaners in these baths, includinng citrus-based cleaners, but have not found an
acceptable alternative to mineral spirits.
15
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3.2.1.2 PPOA Issues
As stated previously, lubricating oil is recycled every three years at the GDHP. The GDHP's oil
recycling system produces two wastes, which are spent filters, and sludge generated by the centrifuge
used in oil cleaning operations. Filters are nclrhally replaced after 4,000 to 6,000 gallons of oil pass
through them. The filters are disposed of as iolid waste. Sludge waste generated in the centrifuge is
captured in a 55 gallon drum in the oil recycling area. This waste is disposed of by an offsite contractor.
The waste material from oil recycling accumu
ates very slowly at the GDHP. It appears that one 55
gallon drum is filled approximately every two years. Only a small portion of this waste is generated from
lubricating oil recycling, as the vast majority o
: this waste comes from OCB and transformer oil recycling.
OCB and transformer oil recycling is discussed in Section 3.2.2.
Another waste stream is generated di iring recycling of lubricating oil at the GDHP. Lubricating
oil from each turbine is tested during the recycling events for such factors as dielectric strength and
metallic impurities. During the testing procedure, approximately 1 quart of oil is withdrawn from each
unit. This testing, and the testing of transformer and OCB oil, generates approximately 30 gallons a year
of oil, which cannot be recycled back into the system due to the addition of materials used in testing the
oil. This contaminated oil is currently drummed and disposed of by an offsite contractor. Very little
waste oil is generated from lubricant oil testinc
OCB oil testing. Transformer and OCB oil tesi
. The majority of waste oil is derived from transformer and
ing is described in Section 3.2.2.
Other than filter, sludge, and sampling
are small amounts of other lubricants, and
electricity. The coils were replaced around
rare. Only once since 1980 has a failure occu
1980
wastes, the only wastes produced from the generators
occasionally copper wire from the coils used to generate
. If the coils fail, they are replaced; however, this is
red.
The GDHP does not generate significant waste from its onsite parts washers. The mineral
spirits baths are generally replaced once a yet r. Both baths have approximately 30 gallon capacity, so
the washer generates one 55 gallon drum of waste approximately once a year. This waste is
occasionally disposed of by an outside contractor. The waste water from the ultrasonic baths is rarely
disposed of according to onsite personnel. However, exact quantities of waste generated from the
ultrasonic cleaner were not available.
16
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3-2-2 Transformers and Oil Circuit
3.2.2.1 Description
Circuit breakers and transformers at tie GDHP perform the function of distributing electrical
power to the lines leaving the GDHP, preventing surges and spikes of power, and altering voltage levels
as power passes through the system. For th J most part, these units operate automatically. However,
they can be operated manually from the contril room, and remotely from the WAPA dispatcher
substation as required. Both circuit breakers Jmd transformers contain oil. which is used to insulate the
equipment, and to break circuits in the circuit breakers. Both transformers and circuit breakers use the
same type of oil.
The GDHP has two main areas in which transformers and OCBs are located. These areas are
in the switchyard and on the south (i.e., downstream) side of the powerhouse building. Transformers on
the south side of the powerhouse building are directly connected to the generator units. Each of the five
generators is wired to a bank of three transformers. These transformers supply electricity to the
switchyard. Both the generators and the trans
pipes. Encasing the cables in oil-filled pipes ai
cables to dissipate, and prevents arcing from the cable to grounded materials.
The electrical switchyard is located to
in oil-filled pipes run below the ground from the
ormers transfer power through cables encased in oil-filled
ows heat generated by the current passing through the
he southeast of the powerhouse. Power cables encased
powerhouse transformers to the switchyard. Through a
network of circuit breakers and transformers, flU switchyard can supply power to six sets of power lines
which service various substations maintained dy the WAPA. The switchyard is divided into two sections
one operating at 230,000 volts, and the other a 115,000 volts. A transformer in the switchyard connects
these systems together. Each of the two sections powers three lines connected to WAPA substations.
The switchyard can be operated from the control room located in the powerplant. Operators can
change the load to the six power lines as necessary. The entire switchyard can also be operated
remotely, from the WAPA dispatcher's station in' Waterton. South Dakota. As stated previously, the
generators can also be controlled from the WAPA dispatcher's station to modify power output. These
WAPA offsite control systems allow the entire power network of the plant to be operated remotely. In
17
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fact, all six hydroelectric powerplants in the RCC's jurisdiction can be controlled remotely from the WAPA
dispatcher's station. This can allow the projects to operate with a minimum of staffing.
Transformers and OCBs in both the svjitchyard and on the south side of the powerplant are
normally kept full of oil unless they are being serviced. The transformers and OCBs are serviced
biannually, according to USAGE recommendatons. During this servicing, the oil in the units is removed
via a pipeline network. The oil is cleaned in the! onsite oil recycling system. The oil is also tested at this
time to ensure that it is not contaminated or deteriorating.
The GDHP's oil recycling area is capat le of recycling transformer and OCB oil, as well as
lubricating oil, as discussed in Section 3.2.1. The oil recycling area in the powerplant building contains
tanks which can hold the oil contents of transformers and OCBs. Oil is transferred from the transformers
and OCBs to the tanks via piping which runs to
the switchyard and powerplant transformer area. This
In addition to the tanks used for storing
piping can be connected by hose to the transformers and OCBs. The equipment can then be drained to
the proper tank in the oil recycling area via a series of manually operated valves.
equipment oil, the oil recycling area contains two oil
recycling units. One recycling unit is used to centrifuge and filter transformer and OCB oil, while the
other is used to centrifuge and filter lubricating dil. Although the oil used in transformers and OCBs is
identical, the oils from the units are never mixed
develop in OCB oil when it breaks a current.
to a holding tank in the oil recycling area. From
storage tanks in the area and is added if needec
in their recycling unit because of carbon deposits that
When a transformer or OCB is to have its oil centrifuged and filtered, the oil is first sent directly
the holding tank, it is then sent through the recycling
system, passing into a second tank and then back to the transformer or OCB. Spare oil is kept in
. The filters are replaced periodically as specified in the
USAGE operations manual. The oil in these systems will last indefinitely if filtered often. In fact, the
system has only needed to have oil added once
Otherwise, the oil has remained serviceable sine e the start of operations at the GDHP.
In 1983, 6,000 gallons of oil were added to the system.
18
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3.2.2.2 PPOA Issues
As stated previously, the transformers and OCBs at the GDHP contain oil which acts as an
insulator in both pieces of equipment. In OCBs, the oil is also used as a circuit breaker. The
transformers and OCBs were originally filled With an oil containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
Due to the health hazards associated with PCBs, in 1991 the USAGE instituted a program to eliminate
PCBs from.onsite equipment. The goal of this
three-year program was to ensure that all units containing
PCBs.were either disposed of or drained and c leaned of PCBs. Currently, only one PCB-containing
transformer is located onsite awaiting disposal
The oil recycling system at the GDHP creates two waste streams. One waste stream consists
of the filters which are used to clean transformer and OCB oil. These filters are disposed of as solid
waste after 4,000 to 6,000 gallons of oil have passed through them. The second waste stream
generated by the transformer and OCB oil recycling system is the sludge captured by the centrifuge and
filter system, which is contained in a 55 gallon . Irum. This drum also contains wastes from the
lubricating oil recycling system. The drum is fil ed over several years, and sent for disposal by offsite
contractors.
Another waste stream is generated dui ing sampling of transformer and OCB oil at the GDHP.
Transformer and OCB oils from each unit are tested biannually for such factors as dielectric strength and
metallic impurities. During the testing procedure, approximately 1 quart of oil is withdrawn from a unit.
Oil testing at the GDHP generates approximate y 30 gallons of oil a year including a minor contribution
from lubricating oil testing. This oil cannot be recycled back into the system due to the addition of
materials used in testing it. This contaminated
Some additional waste is generated du
When the hoses are connected to the equipme
il is drummed and disposed of by ah offsite contractor.
•ing the draining and filling of transformers and OCBs.
t to drain or fill them, some initial leakage from the joint
usually occurs. Residue from the leaked oil can be found near these joints on most of the transformers
and OCBs. It is difficult to estimate how much oil is leaked during each equipment draining and filling
cycle. However, the facility's maintenance mankger believes that transfers have been performed in a
more conscientious manner in the past several [rears, minimizing leakage.
19
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3.2.3 Outlet Works (Intake Structure. Wicket Gates. Penstocks. Surge Tanks, and Related
Equipment)
3.2.3.1 Description
The intake structure of the GDHP sits
powerhouse building. The intake structure performs
lake towards the turbines. Water flow can be in
powered headgates which cover the opening o
water to the turbines, which are called penstoc
There are five penstocks at the GDHP, each oi
i Lake Sakakawea approximately 1,300 feet north of the
the function of initially channeling water from the
iterrupted at the intake structure by means of electrically
: the channels to the turbines. The channels that carry
cs, are 1,620 feet long, and have a diameter of 24 feet.
which carries water to one of the five turbines.
As stated above, water flow can be interrupted by use of the headgates located in the intake
building. The headgates are generally used onjly to completely cut off the water supply in order to allow
servicing of the penstocks and turbines, or in times of emergency. Routine flow control to the turbines is
performed by wicket gates, which are located cirectly above the turbines in the powerhouse building.
The wicket gates consist of 26 to 28 individual gates that operate in concert, somewhat like a circular
camera shutter, to control water flow. These gates can be precisely operated to control flow to the
turbines, very accurately modifying the rotation al speed of the turbine and the resulting energy output
from the generators. Figure 3 depicts a typical wicket gate used in a hydroelectric powerplant.
When the wicket gates are adjusted to
alter flow, the water pressure in the penstocks changes.
To avoid damaging the penstocks, this pressure must be allowed to dissipate from the penstock. This is
accomplished by allowing the surge tanks to hold excess water. Ten surge tanks, each 65 feet in
diameter and 135 feet tall with individual volumes of approximately 3,350,000 gallons, are located on the
north side of the building. Each of the penstocks is connected to two surge tanks. When throughput is
suddenly reduced to decrease the load, or raised to increase the load, water will accumulate or drain into
the tanks as the pressure in the system equalizes.
Each of the individual gates in the wick at gate system rotates on two bronzed bearings to open
or close. The steel shaft, which is attached to trie wicket gate and is generally cylindrical or spherical in
shape, rotates within a bronzed sleeve, which is referred to as a bushing. A mechanical arm system
attached to a shift ring performs the function of controlling the rotation of the individual gates on their
bearing pivots, thereby regulating the opening and closing of the gates.
20
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A ssevo MOTOR UNK
@ SATE OPERHWO RING
(?) BEARING HOUSNG
(F) awe uwycs
@ CATC LEVER * HOO COVER
(?) UPPER WICKET GATE SOWNC
© LOWER WICKET CATE BEAWNO
Figure 3. Diagram of a typical wicket gate.
21
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The bearings in the wicket gates usually deteriorate due to two factors. First, the gates are
constantly exposed to tremendous water pressures during their operation. This pressure causes them
to vibrate. If uncontrolled, the vibration of steel
joint. These stresses will eventually cause the
joint. As water flows by the joint, movement of
against bronze will damage the softer bronze or heat the
oint to fail. This kind of failure could be immediate if the
joint is under tremendous stress, or could take many months or years depending upon the
circumstances. The second type of failure of w cket gate bearings is due to contamination entering the
he joint will inevitably allow some particulates to work
their way into the bearing. This particulate material can scour the surfaces of the bushing and shaft,
eventually causing failure. This type of failure is more common in waters containing high levels of
particles. Failure due to scouring generally occ jrs over a relatively long period of time, usually many
months or years. When this type of failure occi rs, both the joint and shaft will usually have to be
replaced.
Both of these types of failures are esse itially eliminated by the use of a greasing system in the
bearing. All bearings with this type of bronze and steel configuration must have a greasing system,
including those in turbines, ship rudders, lock and dam bearings, and other high-stress bearing
applications. A viscous grease is pumped into 1 he bearing, usually by an automatic pumping system.
This grease slowly escapes from the bearing, aid must periodically be replenished. The grease protects
the bearing by absorbing shock vibration, and by removing solid particles as the grease is forced out of
the bearing.
Every joint in the wicket gate system, including the wicket gate bearings and the arm bearings, is
under great pressure and is exposed to envira
ntal contaminants. Without lubrication, the joints will
inmei
fail, generally by heat buildup due to friction from vibration. The joints can also fail due to stick-slip, in
which the joints do not rotate smoothly, and become damaged due to vibration and pounding within the
joints. Stick-slip can be caused by joint contamination and improper lubrication, and will be greatly
compounded by improper joint design. Finally, without proper lubrication, particles scouring the surfaces
of the shaft and bushing will eventually wear them to failure.
22
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3.2.3.2 PPOA Issues
A grease system called the Farval system is used at the GDHP to lubricate the bronzed wicket
gate bearings and other bearings in the wicket gate system. Approximately 0.3 pounds of grease is
used in the bearings every two hours. The majority of this grease is consumed in the main wicket gate
bearings, although the other bearings in the system are lubricated as well. The GDHP consumes
approximately 3,200 pounds of the grease every year. Essentially all of this grease escapes from the
bearings and is entrained in the waters flowing
The grease used in the GDHP's Farval
by the wicket gates and turbines.
system is identified by the trade name Multifak EP2, and
is produced by Texaco, Incorporated. The MSDS for Multifak EP2 is included in Appendix B of this
report. Multifak EP2 exhibits low toxicity and flammability, and has low reactivity with other compounds.
According to its MSDS, Multifak EP2 is general
y believed to be non-harmful to humans, although it has
not undergone extensive testing. Some other lubrication systems with different names are used at other
facilities, but conceptually they are similar to the Farval system. Their purpose is to supply the wicket
gate joints with a lubricant. The lubricant is then allowed to escape to the passing water.
The wicket gate system at the GDHP is
However, if the systems are ever replaced, new
not likely to need replacement in the near future.
wicket gate systems exist that do not require lubrication.
In these systems, the bronzed bushings are coated with synthetic materials. When the current GDHP
systems need replacement, synthetic systems appear to be an environmentally preferable option to the
current system. The synthetic-coated systems are discussed in more detail in Section 4.1.2.2 of this
report.
The surge tanks at the GDHP were painted with a gray lead-based paint in the mid-1950's. This
paint showed excellent durability, as the first surge tanks to need repainting, the tanks for unit number 2,
were stripped and repainted in 1985. Table 2 shows the repainting history of the surge tanks and the
turbines, which have also been repainted with a vinyl-based replacement for their original lead-based
system. For the repainting, the tanks and turbines were blasted with silica blended with Blastox, an
additive that apparently lowers the toxicity of lead by reducing its teachability from the paint waste. The
blasting waste was disposed of in an industrial landfill. The majority of this paint waste was derived from
the blasting of the surge tanks. The units were
•epainted with a vinyl paint system which does not
23
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contain lead. This paint system, which is a
with a zinc-rich primer.
USAGE recommended system, uses four coats of vinyl paint
TABLE 2. REPAINTING
HISTORY OF THE SURGE TANKS
Item(s) Repainted Gener
Turbine
Surge tanks
Surge tanks and turbine
Surge tanks and turbine
Surge tanks and turbine
itor Unit Number
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 4
Units
Unit 3
Year Repainted
1985
1986
1987
1989
1992
The new paint on the surge tanks is not performing as well as the original paint and may need
replacement in the next several years. Some of the areas that were repainted already have blisters and
pinholes in the paint. At this time, there are no blans to repaint these areas. If the tanks and turbines
are repainted, the work will be contracted to a private firm. The type of paint to be used for further
repainting operations will likely be different than the current replacement.
The surge tanks contain bubbler lines,
prevent ice buildup. The GDHP injects vaporized
to clear them of ice when the bubbler lines begi
approximately one-half of a 55 gallon drum of F
Frosto is located in Appendix B of this report.
in the operation of bubbler lines at the spillway
As
which release air into the tanks during cold periods to
Frosto, an antifreeze compound, into the bubbler lines
operation. Annually, this process consumes
•osto, which consists mostly of methanol. The MSDS for
discussed in Section 3.2.4, much more Frosto is used
and tainter gates.
The headgates, which are located in the intake building and are used to interrupt flow to the
turbines, are maneuvered by means of a cable and pulley system. The cables and pulleys must be
lubricated to keep them operable. Much of the
ubricant is probably deposited in the waters of Lake
Sakakawea below the pulley system. The system has operated well, apparently with no malfunctions
since installation. Some rust was noted on the system, although this may have been only on the surface
24
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of the metal. It is likely that, in comparison to wicket gate bearings, the grease loss from this system is
minimal.
3.2.4 Spillway and Tainter Gatgs
3.2.4.1 Description
The GDHP maintains a spillway alon 3 the dam to the east of the powerplant building and an
intake structure spillway to conduct flood con rol activities. The spillway consists of 28 tainter gates.
each of which can be independently controlled for precise flow management. The spillway is capable of
discharging up to 827,000 cubic feet per second of water. This water discharges into an approximately
500 foot long cement tailwater embankment.
of flood waters flowing through the spillway a
The embankment is designed to withstand the great force
id to protect the dam and spillway from rapid erosion in
case of emergency discharge. The spillway I jcation at the GDHP is shown in Figure 2.
The spillway has never been used for spill control. Three flood control tunnels in the outlet
works of the powerplant have historically been sufficient to discharge excess capacity during periods of
high flow. In fact, in only one year during its
been required to discharge at full volume.
Although the spillway has never been
8 years of operation have the three flood control tunnels
used for flood control, the USAGE believes it is imperative
that the spillway always remain operational. GDHP personnel believe that it is necessary to maintain a
clear area in front of the tainter gates at all tides. Due to North Dakota's cold climate, Lake Sakakawea
freezes annually, usually to a depth of 18 to 36 inches. If this ice formation reached the tainter gates,
they would not operate property. In fact, GDH|P personnel believe that the ice could damage the gates,
or cause them to fail.
A bubbler system was installed with
a network of pumps and pipes which releases
of the spillway's tainter gates. The bubbles
of the tainter gates and allow the gates to ope
become clogged and covered with silt, which
bubbler system is currently operating at 50
tre;
spillway to control ice formation. The bubbler system is
air into the water of Lake Sakakawea immediately in front
from the system act to disrupt ice formation in front
ate normally. Unfortunately, the bubbler system has
has stifled its effectiveness. The GDHP estimates that the
percent of its original effectiveness. The GDHP uses Frosto,
25
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a commercial antifreeze, to assist in preventing ice formation in the lines of the bubbler system. Figure 4
depicts the design of the tainter gate and bubbler system at the GDHP.
The bubbler lines function by utilizing Ln air compressor to pump air into the lines for release
near the tainter gates. Frosto is vaporized and injected into the bubbler lines, from which it is deposited
an antifreeze compound consisting of methanol (70 to 99
into the waters of Lake Sakakawea. Frosto is
percent), amino alcohol (1 to 30 percent), and
aliphatic ester (1 to 30 percent). The GDHP purchases
Frosto in 55 gallon drums. The MSDS for Frosto is included in Appendix B of this report.
3.2.4.2 PPOA Issues
The GDHP currently uses approximately thirty 55 gallon drums of Frosto a year. This use
amounts to a total of approximately 1,650 gallcLs annually. Generally, Frosto is used from November
through March. Frosto is vaporized and injected into the bubbler system automatically at levels set by
operators. Since Frosto is composed mostly o! volatile methanol, it likely eventually escapes into the air
once leaving the bubbler lines. Methanol is listed as one of the 189 hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
under section 112(b) of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA).
There are a number of potential chemical
identified as possible alternatives for this study
These chemicals are discussed in detail in Sec
reducing the injection rate of antifreeze into the
options for treating the bubbler lines. Three chemicals
are propylene glycol, ethanol, and 1-methoxy-2-propanol.
ion 4.1.3. Chemical savings might also be achieved by
bubbler system. This approach has worked effectively at
26
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SON PIATE-
HEWERS
Mt HEMERS
Figure 4. Tainter gate with bubbler system and heating elements.
27
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the Gavins Point Hydropower Plant in Yankton
Section 4.1.3, as are additional strategies that
South Dakota. This approach is also discussed in
might be applicable at the GDHP.
3.2.5 Non-Hydropower Related Systems
3.2.5.1 Description
The GDHP performs several practices
that are not directly related to hydroelectric power
generation. For instance, the GDHP operates a water treatment facility in the powerplant building.
Generally, the only wastes produced by the system are filtered solids and containers for additives, which
are both disposed of as solid waste. According
to GDHP personnel, it is possible that the USAGE may
shut down the water treatment facility in future years. The facility may switch to water supplied from the
locality.
The GDHP'has several consumer prod jet recycling efforts which are operated onsite. For
instance, paper recycling bins are located in the office areas, and aluminum can recycling bins are
located near a soda can dispenser in the generator room.
3.2.5.2 PPOA Issues
Wastes generated at the water treatme it plant are minimal. However, it is possible that the
town, which produces a higher volume of water,
generates less waste per volume of water produced
than the GDHP system. Since the township could produce water for the plant, the water treatment
system does not appear to be critical to supply drinking water. As stated previously, it is possible that
the treatment plant may be shut down in the future. However, due to its minimal waste generation, ift
does not appear that the system is an important
environmental concern at the GDHP.
The office paper recycling bins are centrally located in the office area of the GDHP. It appears
as though almost all office paper is recycled at the GDHP. However, there are very few aluminum can
recycling bins in the powerplant building, and it appeared that many cans may be disposed of in garbage
cans and not recycling bins.
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3.3 HAZARDOUS WASTE PRODUCTION
HISTORY
Records of hazardous waste generatioi and disposal costs were obtained from the GDHP for
this PPOA study. The records cover the five year period from 1989 to mid 1994, and are summarized in
Table 3. The GDHP has records of twelve diffe rent disposal events over the five-year period. All of
these hazardous waste disposal events resulte i from infrequently performed activities. For instance,
three of these disposal events involved discard ng lead-contaminated paint-blasting material and leftover
paints from the repainting of the surge tanks. Two of the events were disposal of asbestos-containing
material (ACM). Five of the events were disposal of PCB-containing materials generated from
transformer and OCB oils which contained PCBs. The remaining events appear to be rare disposal
events of infrequently generated or expired materials.
29
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TABLE 3. HAZARDOUS WASTE PRODUCTION AND DISPOSAL HISTORY
Date
Cost
Waste Description
Activity Generating
Waste
Frequency
Paint cleanup and removal
11/93 94,203
12/92
448.027
Lead-contaminated paint
blast material c eanup
and disposal
Lead-contaminated paint
blast material c eanup
and disposal
PCB containing material disposal
10/93
10/92
08/92
04/92
06/90
9,898
29,217
24,750
1.110
6,585
Transformer oil
Transformer oil
Transformer oil
Transformer oil
waste disposal
Disposal of five
transformers and oil
Asbestos-containing material disposal
12/93 117,282 HVAC system asbestos
removal and disposal
disposal
disposal
disposal
and solid
08/90
82,327
Piping system asbestos
removal and dis sosal
Other waste disposal events
01/94 8,027 Parts cleaning tank
solvent disposal
10/92
6,953
Disposal of was es,
including parts cleaning
tank solvent
07/89 11,663
Disposal of varic
wastes
us One-time disposal of
small volumes
(approximately 1
to 5 gallons) of various
wastes
Small waste volumes
had accumulated over
many years of plant
operations
Repainting of surge
tanks, which were
originally painted with
lead-containing paint
Repainting of surge
tanks, which were
originally painted with
lead-containing paint
GDHP project to remove
PCB oil from onsite
systems
GDHP project to remove
PCB oil from onsite
systems
GDHP project to remove
PCB oil from onsite
systems
GDHP project to remove
PCB oil from onsite
systems
GDHP project to remove
PCB oil from onsite
systems
GDHP project to remove
asbestos from onsite
systems
GDHP project to remove
asbestos from onsite
systems
Periodic disposal of spent
solvent
Periodic disposal of spent
solvent and one-time
disposal of small volumes
of other wastes
Original paint lasted
over 20 years, new
paints do not contain
lead
Original paint lasted
over 20 years, new
paints do not contain
lead
Most systems have
been purged of PCBs
Most systems have
been purged of PCBs
Most systems have
been purged of PCBs
Most systems have
been purged of PCBs
Most systems have
been purged of PCBs
No friable asbestos still
located onsite
No friable asbestos still
located onsite
Waste allowed to
accumulate at GDHP in
55-gallon drum over
several years
Spent solvent
accumulates over
several years; other
wastes are one-time, or
very infrequent
disposal events
30
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4.1
RESULTS OF THE PPOA
4.1.1 General Results
maintained. Facility personnel appear concern
SECTION 4
OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT
In general, the GDHP is a very clean, well run facility. All areas observed were orderly and well
id about both the appearance of the facility and the
safety and efficiency of its operations. Moreover, the plant's functional design allows a small number of
workers to be able to maintain it in good running order. The only areas that appeared somewhat
disorganized were several paint and equipment closets, in which various paints and cleaners were
randomly arranged. For the most part, the plant can serve as a model for a well-run, clean industrial
facility, but there are some areas in which the GDHP can potentially reduce waste generation.
Two principal areas of waste generatio i appear to have potential for improvement:
• Wicket gate lubrication
• Antifreeze and bubbler system operations
In addition, there are several other less significant areas of potential improvement at the GDHP, such as
oil sampling, parts cleaning, and recycling.
4.1.2 Wicket Gate Lubrication
4.1.2.1 Current Practices
As previously discussed, the GDHP ha s five turbines, each located in a penstock and powering
a generator. In the normal operation of a turbine, the wicket gates, which are inside the penstock
31
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directly above the turbines, control water flow p
coated wicket gate bearings, which the wicket
discussed in Section 3.2.3.
assing from the penstock to the turbine. The bronze-
gates pivot on, must be lubricated for the reasons
is injected automatically into the bearings of the
out through the joints of the submerged portion
and turbine. Approximately 0.3 pounds of Multil
The GDHP uses a grease called Multifc k EP2 to lubricate its wicket gate bearings. Multifak EP2
wicket gate at two-hour intervals. The grease is forced
)f the wicket gate and into the water passing by the gate
ak EP2 are injected into each turbine per two-hour
period. Multifak EP2 is also used to lubricate gate parts above the water at weekly intervals. According
1
to onsite personnel, approximately 3,200 pounds of Multifak EP2 are used every year. Essentially all of
this grease escapes into the water flowing past
he wicket gates.
It appears that all hydroelectric powerptmts constructed before the mid 1970's were constructed
with wicket gates containing bronzed bearings requiring constant lubrication. It is likely that all plants of
this era contain a bearing greasing system similar to the system in place at the GDHP. Since these
systems allow grease to escape to the water in relatively large volumes, they do not appear to be an
environmentally preferable system. Fortunately
require constant greasing.
there are alternatives to these systems which do not
4.1.2.2 Alternative Bearing Materials
There are a number of manufacturers that make non-grease lubricated bearing materials for use
in applications like wicket gates. Specifically, selen manufacturers of such materials were located
during the research for this report. These companies are Thordon Bearings Incorporated; Giles; Orkot;
Capralon; Deva Corporation; Lubron Bearing Systems; and Voist-Alpine. All of the systems
manufactured by these companies are constructed with synthetic materials. Most rely on some form of
asbestos, nylon, or teflon as their bearing coating. Some use a synthetic material bonded to metal, but
even in these systems, the synthetic material is the exposed portion in the bearing joint.
Generally, the companies that manufacture
products confidential. However, there appear to
These classes are as follows:
these systems keep the exact makeup of their
be three classes of alternative bushing materials.
32
-------
Materials having a layer of a synthetic
asbestos, with a coating of lubricant, I
shock-absorbing material, such as teflon, nylon, or
ke molybdenum disulfide or graphite.
Materials hke teflon nylon or asbestos with an infusion of lubricant. Small pellets or pockets of
lubricant are injected or otherwise inserted into and/or beneath the matrix of the synthetic
material. These systems may also haW a coating of lubricant on their surface
The synthetic material (e.g., teflon,.
throughout its volume with lubricant.
soaked sponge. These systems coulc
surface.
ny on, or asbestos) has a porous nature, and is impregnated
'hese systems are conceptually similar to a lubricant-
be manufactured with a coating of lubricant on their
The first of these classes of materials does not appear to be appropriate for the high-pressure and high-
contaminant load environments found in wicke gates and other hydropower bearing systems. However,
these systems may be appropriate for other situations in lower-stress environments. This class does not
function well in wicket gate bearings because tU are susceptible to damage by contaminating particles
If particles scour the surface of this class of synthetic material, the lubricant will be lost, and the material
will not allow easy rotation of the joint. The second and third types of materials appear to be applicable
to use in high pressure, heavy particulate-load environments, as they can be scoured to some degree
and still maintain lubrication. ' •
Synthetic bearing systems have been i stalled in powerplant wicket gate bearings, as well as
turbine main bearings and other bearings in the turbine/wicket gate system. They have also been
installed in lock and dam bearings, and in marirU craft bearings. Synthetic bearings have been used in
water containing a relatively high concentration of undissolved solids, as might be found in a reservoir
system. It is likely that there are wide variation^ in performance of various manufacturers' bearing
materials. There is also variation in the proper ^plications for the different types of synthetic bearings.
Before any bearing system or material is installed, it must be studied and tested thoroughly to determine
its applicability and durability. Several systems
paragraphs.
One system studied operates using a b
studied for this report are discussed in the next
onzed bearing with a coating of a material called
Thordon. Thordon appears to fall into the third category of lubricated synthetics listed. It functions as a
lubricant-impregnated spongelike matrix. Thordon systems have been installed since the early 1970s,
and appear to have an excellent reliability reconk Most of the installations have been in Canadian
facilities. Ontario Hydro, which runs many hydroelectric power generating stations, has contracted
Thordon Bearings, Incorporated, which is the manufacturer and Canadian distributor of Thordon, to
33
-------
install Thordon at all of its facilities. The systems have also been installed in one of the wicket gate
systems at Tim's Ford Hydroelectric Powerplant, a Tennessee Valley Authority (WA) facility, by Marine
Industries Corporation, the American distributed and installer of Thordon. The gate has been operating
for 1.5 years without problems.
A second system studied for this repor, the Lubron system, manufactured by Lubron Bearing
Systems, uses a teflon base in a bronze substrate. The teflon has lubrication in its matrix, and additional
lubricant can be deposited in machined recesses in the bearings. This system appears to be a hybrid of
the second and third synthetic systems listed.
shift ring for the wicket gate arms. The Lubron
bearings were installed, and has likewise performed without problems
-ubron is being used at the Tim's Ford TVA plant in the
system was installed at the same time the Thordon
of the bronze greased lubrication bearing system and
4.1.2.3 Summary and Conclusions
Table 4 contains a general comparison
the non-grease lubricated systems. While the cjreaseless bearing systems have superior environmental
characteristics, refurbishing a unit with the system is a major undertaking. In addition to the time and
expense required to refurbish a unit, the unit's I jst production while it is being refurbished must also be
considered. Certainly, if a unit requires reservicng of its bearings, it would be logical to install
greaseless bearings at that time. If a unit is functioning well, it might be difficult to justify taking the
system offline to install the bearings. Each easel of potential refurbishing must be considered individually
for its production loss and bearing overhaul cos s. However, when a decision is made to refurbish a
turbine, wicket gate, or other bearing system relying on grease lubrication, greaseless bearings appear
to be the only environmentally appropriate choice.
34
-------
-------
4-1-3 Chemical Antifreeze
4.1.3.1 Current Practices
As discussed previously, GHDP personnel believe that it is imperative that ice formation not be
allowed to reach the tainter gates of the spillway. Ice formation on the gates would prevent their proper
work,ng ,n case of the need for an emergency Discharge, and might damage the gates or cause them to
fa.l. To keep ice formation from reaching the gates, the GDHP spillway was built with an underwater
bubbler system. This system pumps air under
The system worked well when it was relatively
the water, and releases it in front of the tainter gates
iew, but over time it has become clogged and covered
, e cogge and covered
with silt. It is currently operating at approximately fifty percent of its original effectiveness The USAGE
has considered repairing the system by dredging the lake bottom and stabilizing the lake banks
According to the assessment performed at the GDHP, this repair would cost approximately $1.5 million
This reair is fr "
This repair is further discussed in Section 4.1.3
To supplement the bubbler system and
clear the bubbler lines of ice, the GDHP employs
- 1 -• •—• ww« ii VrfHipivjyo
chemical antifreeze treatment in the bubbler lines. Vaporized Frosto is injected into the compressed air
bubbler hnes running near the tainter gates. The MSDS for Frosto is included in Appendix B of this
report.
4.1.3.2 Operational Readiness
As stated previously, the GDHP operates the bubbler system under the premise that the tainter
gates must be cleared of ice both to ensure thei structural integrity and to maintain operational
readiness. According to GDHP personnel, a kW level of antifreeze use is necessary to clear the bubbler
hnes jn order to keep ice from potentially damag ng the structure. A higher level of antifreeze use and
bubbler activity is required to maintain operational readiness at all times. The GDHP would significantly
reduce Frosto consumption if they were only req jired to ensure the structural integrity of the tainter
gates and not maintain constant operational readiness, although the amount saved would be difficult to
quant,fy without field experiments. No such experiments were discovered during the research for thK
report.
The USAGE operates the GDHP and other powerplants under the premise that tainter gates
must always maintain operational readiness. If flU USAGE were to analyze this position, they might find
that during winter periods, it is not necessary to maintain fully operational tainter gates at all of its
36
-------
facilities. For instance, at the GDHP, the tain
history of the plant. Three flood control tunne
all excess water buildup in Lake Sakakawea.
gate system as operationally ready during the
maintain this status while ensuring the potential
The assessments of the operational s
er gates have never been required for flood control in the
s at the facility have historically been sufficient to handle
It might not be necessary to maintain the entire tainter
winter. Possibly only a portion of the gate system could
for adequate water discharge.
atus of tainter gates should be made on a plant-by-plant
u~ • ««_ . , -------- j»<-«-~ WMWUIU uc niaue un a pian
be,*. Other hydropower facilities may not have flood control tunnels capable of handling the
water that the three tunnels at the GDHP are instructed to manage. However, it is likely that
Plants need not maintain fully operational status for their tainter gates year-round. If al. USAGE co.d-
area tainter gate systems were analyzed and status .evels altered where feasible, it is possible that a
significant reduction in antifreeze use could be
of
achieved.
4.1.3.3 Physical Ice Reduction Options
Barring a reassessment of maintaining
deicing, several years ago the GDHP analyzed
from
the operational status of tainter gates year-round, the
•= r~.-,.,«,,a, oiaiuoui lejiiuei gates year-round
GDHP w,ll continue to need to fu.ly dear the tai Her gate area of ice. ,n order to ensure adequate
deiCinO KPVPral uo-are **nn Mt*« /TTMJO i ...
the possibility of having the area near the bubbler system
' -—i ------ "-j «• iiavina uieaiea near ine DUDblersvst
dredged and repaired. During this assessment ft was determined that to ensure the system's .astinc,
future operation, one section of nearby embank ™t would have to be stabilized to prevent erosion
™b be aCCOm'lished * *J#* the area with meta, cables to prevent soi, and rock
The dredging and bank stabilization would likely increase the effectiveness of the bubbler
systera However, the main function of the stabifeation would be to repair the lake bed and banks
Currently, there are no safety or engineering concerns that indicate the repairs are immediately
necessary. The USAGE has not yet approved the repairs, and the GDHP does not expect tha the
repair is imminent.
An alternative to having the bubbler system repaired was advanced by USAGE'S Cold Region
Research Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). Thi CRREL, .ocated in Hanover, New Hampshire, has
performed numerous assessments of bubbler sy tern and tainter gate operations in its history CRREL
personne, mdicated that the bubb,er system could be supp.emented by instal.ing heating elements near
-------
the seals of the tainter gates. These electric-p >wered elements would be encased in oil and sealed.
The heaters use a self-regulating heating elemjnt and require little maintenance once installed.
A heating element system has been op erating effectively for approximately 2 years at the
Refuge Structures Project, which is a joint Unitid States and Canadian project to oversee recreation,
wildlife, and flood control, located in North Dakota and Canada. The system consists of 7 dams on a
number of reservoirs throughout the area. The
without problems. It has required essentially no maintenance since'it was installed. The heaters are
normally kept off until gate operation is requirec
free the tainter gates from ice.
electric heater system has functioned on all 7 dams
. Once turned on, the heaters require 8 to 30 hours to
The heating element system would perbrm two functions to prevent ice formation at the
spillway. First, it would directly heat the seals of the tainter gates, thus melting ice that could block the
use of the gates. Second, by acting in concert jvith the bubbler system, it would help prevent ice
formation on the surface of Lake Sakakawea near the gates. The bubbler system would have the effect
of circulating the heated water up to the surface The bubbles and heated water would melt the ice more
rapidly than either system alone. These systenr s, if operated efficiently, would likely reduce the amount
of antifreeze needed to keep the bubbler lines c ear. Two scenarios for heating element installation are
included in the profitability PPOA worksheets (worksheet number 9, sheets 7 and 8) in Appendix A.
Another physical method of ice prevent! jn that has been used at USAGE facilities is a water
mixer. This system operates by moving warmer water from the bottom of the water body to the colder
surface. This is essentially the same function that the bubbler system performs at the GDHP. It is
unlikely that the addition of such a system would help the GDHP markedly, since the bubbler already
performs the task of moving warmer water to tW surface. However, this system appears to be
environmentally preferable to bubbler units, sinck it does not require antifreeze. If plants must make a
decision on using bubblers x>r water mixers, water mixers appear to be the environmentally appropriate
choice.
4.1.3.4 Alternative Chemical Use
A fully functional bubbler system, or a bi bbler system combined with heating elements, would
be an effective option to curtailing ice formation near the tainter gates. However, until the bubbler
system is repaired or heating elements are instal
environmentally acceptable compounds besides
ed, the GDHP may be able to use more
Frosto in the bubbler system. Frosto contains 70 to 99
38
-------
Fahrenheit (F)]. In addition, the boiling point o
percent methanol, which is moderately toxic and highly flammable [i.e., methanol has a flashpoint of 52<
methanol is 148.5°F, making it volatile at ambient
temperatures. Approximately 1,630 gallons of Frosto are sprayed under the waters near the tainter
gates every year. Methanol is subject to SARA 313 reporting requirements and is listed as one of the
189 HAPs under section 112(b) of the 1990 Clfean Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The following
paragraphs discuss the advantages and disadvantages of several alternatives to the use of methanol.
One possible alternative to Frosto woJld be propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is a compound
which exhibits low toxicity and is an excellent Antifreeze. Inhalation and ingestion hazards from
propylene glycol are minimal in comparison to methanol. Propylene glycol has been successfully used
as a deicing compound for airplanes .for many years. It is also gaining popularity as a more
environmentally acceptable alternative to ethyljne glycol as an antifreeze in automobile radiators.
Chemical properties of propylene glycol includej a high boiling point (369°F), a low melting point (-76T),
and a much higher flashpoint than methanol (225°F). The higher flashpoint makes propylene glycol less
flammable than methanol and a higher boiling point ensures less volatility at ambient temperatures.
There appear to be no recommended
established by the Occupational and Safety Health
of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
Propylene glycol is not subject to SARA 313
HAPs under section 112(b) of the 1990 Clean
glycol is contained in Appendix B.
Another possible alternative antifreeze
ether. This chemical has been introduced as a
occupational breathing limits for propylene glycol as
Administration (OSHA) or the American Conference
although acute health effects have been documented.
reporting requirements and is not listed as one of the 189
Air Act Amendments (CAAA). The MSDS for propylene
s 1-methoxy-2-propanol or propylene glycol monomethyl
an antifreeze for diesel engines. The compound is
considered to be mildly toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin contact. The boiling point for 1-methoxy-
2-propanol is not as high as the boiling point for
methoxy-2-propanol is higher than methanol (91
propylene glycol (245°F, 118°C). The flashpoint for 1-
T, 33°C), however, it is still considered to be
flammable. The MSDS for 1-methoxy-2-propanol is contained in Appendix B. Recommended exposure
limits for 1 -methoxy-2-propanol established by Both OSHA and ACGIH are about half of the limits
established for methanol. This compound is a glycol ether and is likely included on the SARA 313
Community Right to Know list. It is reported in t le EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory.
It is not included with the list of 189 HAPs under section 112(b) of the CAAA.
39
-------
Ethanol may also be considered as an alternative to the use of methanol. Ethanol is considered
to be moderately toxic by inhalation, ingestion and skin contact. Occupational exposure limits for
ethanol have been established by both OSHA and ACGIH, and these limits are much higher than either
methanol or 1-methoxy-2-propanol. Ethanol is not included in the list of 189 HAPs under section 112(b)
of the CAM. However, ethanol is reported in EPA's TSCA inventory. The boiling point for ethanol is
172°F and the flashpoint for ethanol is 46°F. T
lerefore, ethanol appears to be more flammable than
any of the compounds mentioned above. Ethar ol is less volatile than methanol but more volatile than
both propylene glycol and 1-methoxy-2-propanc I. An MSDS for ethanol is included in Appendix B of this
report.
Of the three alternate antifreeze compo
the best alternative in terms of minimizing any
this chemical also has the highest vaporization
impractical without significant modifications. An
be performed to determine their applicability for
and lexicological properties and hazardous substances'
compounds is contained in Table 5.
jnds mentioned above, propylene glycol appears to offer
e ivironmental or occupational hazards. Unfortunately,
point, which might make its use in the bubbler system
assessment of the alternative chemicals would have to
:he deicing system. A summary of the various chemical
;' reporting requirements for each of the antifreeze
As stated previously, the ideal way to prsvent ice formation would be with no chemical addition.
Unfortunately, the bubbler systems will not operate without some antifreeze addition. However, as
discussed in this section, more environmentally acceptable chemicals could potentially be employed. It
is also possible that the levels of antifreeze use could be markedly reduced by a minor equipment
change. This is discussed in the next section.
4.1.3.5 Pulse Rate Reduction
A reduction of chemical use was achieved in the Gavins Point Project, a USAGE hydropower
plant in Yankton, South Dakota, when their bubb
er system was refurbished in 1974. During this
refurbishing, the pulse speed of the antifreeze VE porizer was reduced. The pulse speed is the number of
times per minute the unit injects a volume of vaporized antifreeze into the bubbler lines. This decrease
in pulse speed, from nine pulses per minute to sk, has reduced antifreeze consumption from
approximately 15 55-gallon barrels annually to eight to ten 55-gallon barrels annually. Gavins Point
personnel indicated that they believed additional
further, although this would require mechanically
reductions in 1974 were accomplished by simply
reductions could be achieved by lowering the pulse rate
modifying the current vaporizing unit. The pulse rate
modifying the settings of the vaporization unit.
40
-------
2
o
o
1.
o
o
a>
£
il
£
by
xic
ed
IH
'*-' rt M » -**
Highly
ingestion
by in
establishe
ACGIH ex
Moderately
ingestion; mi
by inhalation
contact; est
OSHA and
e
a
fcM
E
s
0
Is
§:.&•
so
I
0
a
41
-------
significantly colder climate than the Yankton a
The pulse rate at the Garrison plant should be lowered if possible. The Riverdale area has a
i area, so the GDHP will inevitably require more antifreeze
consumption than Gavins Point. However, it is very possible that significant reductions could be
achieved by reducing consumption rates.
4.1.3.6 Summary and Conclusions
Table 6 contains a summary of the possible alternative methods of reducing pollution from
tainter gate deicing. The table includes estimated costs for the options where available. The table
shows that a reduction of chemical additions can be accomplished with the massive project of dredging
and repairing the bubbler system and nearby embankments, or by installing heating elements at the
tainter gates. However, pulse rate reduction or alternative chemical use might be less expensive
pollution prevention options. A USAGE assess ment of the necessity for year-round operational
readiness of spillways would set a baseline for
clearer picture of which options are preferable.
4.1.4 Other PPQA Issues
4.1.4.1 Oil Sampling
Currently, the GDHP samples the OCB
the amount of deicing necessary, and would allow a
and transformer oil from each unit onsite twice a year.
Lubricating oil from the five turbine bearings is also tested once every three years. Testing all the units
generates approximately 30 gallons a year of Jaste oil that must be disposed of. During the many
years of testing at the GDHP, the oils have nevlr been found to be significantly contaminated.
Certainly, the oils must be tested occasionally to determine that they have not become fouled or
otherwise damaged. However, it may be possible to reduce the frequency of these tests, and thereby
generate less waste.
42
-------
-------
GDHP personnel indicated that USAGE'S procedure for oil testing is to withdraw one quart of oil
from the system. However, only approximately half of this volume is actually necessary for testing. If
the oil sampling withdrawal requirement was reduced to the minimum withdrawal necessary, oil waste
production would be reduced.
4.1.4.2 Parts Washing
According to GDHP personnel, the m
removing grease. The ultrasonic cleaners an
neral spirits parts washers are capable of rapidly
considered effective, but can require much longer to
clean a part. They also require more manual scrubbing of the part to clean it It is difficult to assess
how important cleaning speed is to the operation of the GDHP. It is probable that some heavily
greased objects would be difficult to properly jlean in the ultrasonic cleaner in a reasonable amount of
time. However, if GDHP personnel made a concerted effort to use the ultrasonic baths more often, the
mineral spirits bath would need replacement tess often.
The GDHP has tried a citrus-based cloaner in the parts washer as a replacement for mineral
spirits. This cleaner worked very effectively, bLt its odor was found very offensive by some of the
workers. Apparently, some workers also related health concerns to the fumes from the citrus cleaner.
GDHP management decided to remove the citrus-based cleaner and refill the parts washer with mineral
spirits.
It is unfortunate that the citrus cleaner
Fumes are offensive to GDHP personnel, as it appears to
be an environmentally preferable option to mineral spirits. It would be ideal if the GDHP could locate
another more tolerable cleaner that has environmental benefits. However, it is possible that any parts
cleaner will have to be disposed of as a hazardous waste, since once the cleaner is used, it will contain
various oils and greases. The GDHP might bear the same costs for disposing of any spent cleaner.
Therefore, any environmental benefits from the
intangible.
4.1.4.3 Recycling
use of an alternative cleaner could be somewhat
The GDHP has paper and aluminum cs n recycling programs onsite. It appears that most of the
office paper onsite is placed in recycling bins aJd not ordinary trash. However, there are few aluminum
can recycling bins in the powerplant, and it appears that many cans are put in ordinary trash recepta-
44
-------
cles. If the GDHP situated more aluminum car
effort to ensure that the bins were used, it is probable
reduced.
recycling bins in the powerplant building, and made an
that aluminum can waste could be substantially
4.2 POTENTIAL DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS AND SUMMARY
Several projects were identified as a rejsult of this PPOA which, if successful, should improve
the understanding of pollution prevention alternatives having broader applicability than the GDHP. The
most significant projects are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Installation of non-grease lubricated wicket gate bearing systems.
Use of a repaired, fully operational bubbler system.
Addition of a heating element system t
Testing and using alternative antifreez
supplement the bubbler system.
s with preferable environmental characteristics.
Lowering the pulse rate of antifreeze in ection to the bubbler system to the minimum safe level.
Assessing the need for maintaining fuliy operational tainter gates year-round.
Table 7 contains a summary of the most signif
recommended for those streams.
significant wastestreams generated by the GDHP, and options
45
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-------
APPENDIX A
PPOA WORKSHEETS
47
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Pro]. No. 016450111-00007
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 1 _of 1 Page of.
WORKSHEET
1
OPTION GENERATION
m. »—vi«. hm
MV tli.nvll
0« 0*J«»*J
I ff****fi«A
48
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Firm GDHP Pollution P
Assessment
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994 RfOJ No Q1 g^
revention Prepared By Bowman
Worksheets *
Checked By J. Smith
0111-00007 Sheet 1 of 1 Paae of
WORKSHEET SITE DESCRIPTION
.
Firm: United States Army Corps of Engineers
Plant: Garrison Dam Hydroelectric Powerplant
Department:
Area:
Street Address: Box 517 - Powerplant
City: Riverdale
State/Zip Code: North Dakota 58565
Telephone: (701) 654-7441
Major Products: Electricity generated by hydropowi
SIC Codes:
EPA Generator Number:
Major Unit:
Product or Service:
*
Operations: Control and maintenance of five turbine-powered generators electrical
switchyard, outlet works, spillway, and all other onsite equipment •
Facilities/Equipment Age: Construction was completed and power first generatori jn WQ
49
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Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION
Prepared
Checked E
Sheet 1 <
3y Bowman
5y J. Smith
af 5 Page of
Process Unit/Operation: TURBINES AND GENERATOR UNITS
Operation Type: CD Continuous
D Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Flow/Amount Measurements
Stream
Analyses/Assays
Stream
Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and Instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Flow Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
Permit/Permit Applications
Batch Sheetfs)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules
Complete?
(Y/N)
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
D Discrete
D Other
Status
Current!?
(Y/N) I
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Last
Revision
Used in this
Report (Y/N)
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Document
Number
Location
50
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Firm GDHP
Sltt Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution P
Assessment
ProJ. No. 01642'
revention
Worksheets
0111-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION
Prepared
Checked
Sheet 2
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 5 Page of
Process UniVOperation: TRANSFORMERS AND OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS. INCLUDING OIL RECYCLING
Operation Type: El Continuous
D Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Flow/Amount Measurements
Stream
Analyses/Assays
Stream
Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Row Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
Permit/Permit Applications
Batch Sheet(s)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules
Complete?
(Y/N)
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
N
Curren
(Y/N)
D Discrete
D Other
Status
?
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Last
Revision
Used in this
Report (Y/N)
' Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Documen
Number
Location
•
51
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution P
Assessment
Proj. No. 01645-
•evention
Worksheets
0111-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION
Process Unit/Operation: OUTLET WORKS
Operation Type: 09 Continuous
D Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Flow/Amount Measurements
• Stream
Analyses/Assays
Stream
Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and Instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Flow Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
Permit/Permit Applications
Batch Sheet(s)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules
Complete?
(Y/N)
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
'N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
Prepared
Checked
Sheet 3
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 5 Page of
O Discrete
D Other
Status
Current?
(Y/N) I
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Last
Revision
Used in this
Report (Y/N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Documen
Number
Location
52
-------
Rrm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution 1
Assessment
Proj. No._01645
'revention
Worksheets
•0111-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION
Prepared
Checked
Sheet 4
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 5 Page of
Process Unit/Operation: SPILLWAY AND TAINTER GATJES
Operation Type: D Continuous
D Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Row/Amount Measurements
Stream
Analyses/Assays
Stream
Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and Instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Row Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
PermiVPermit Applications
Batch Sheet(s)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules
Complete?
(Y/N)
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
El Discrete
O Other
Status
Current?
(Y/N)1
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Last
Revision
Used in thi
Report (Y/N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Documen
Number
Location
.
- •
53
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
3
Pollution P
Assessment \
Proj. No. 01645-
evention
Yorksheats
D11 1-00007
PROCESS INFORMATION
Process Unit/Operation: WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
Operation Type: H Continuous
O Batch or Semi-Batch
Document
Process Flow Diagram
Material/Energy Balance
Design
Operating
Flow/Amount Measurements
Stream ,
Analyses/Assays'
Stream
Process Description
Operating Manuals
Equipment List
Equipment Specifications
Piping and Instrument Diagrams
Plot and Evaluation Plan(s)
Work Row Diagrams
Hazardous Waste Manifests
Emission Inventories
Annual/Biennial Reports
Environmental Audit Reports
Permit/Permit Applications
Batch Sheet(s)
Materials Applications Diagrams
Product Composition Sheets
Material Safety Data Sheets
Inventory Records
Operator Logs
Production Schedules
Complete?
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Datt July 1-3. 1994
WORKSHEET
4
Pollution Prevention Prepared
Assessment Worksheets
1 Checked E
111-00007 Sheet 1 <
INPUT MATERIALS SUMMARY
SEE SECTION 3.1J TABLE 1
Attribute
Name/10
Source/Supplier
Component/Attribute of Concern
Annual Consumption Rat*
Overall
Component(s) of Concern
Purchase Price, $ per
Overall Annual Cost
Delivery Mode1
Shipping Container Size & type*
Storage Mode1
Transfer Mode*
Empty Container Disposal Management*
Shelf Life
Supplier Would
• accept expired material? (Y/N)
- accept shipping containers: (Y/N)
- revise expiration date? (Y/N)
Acceptable Substitute(s), if any
Alternate Supplier(s)
By Bowman
Jy J. Smith
Jf_1_ Page of
Description
Stream No.
Stream No.
Stream No.
Notes: 1. e.g., pipeline, tank car, 100 bbl tank truck, truc'k, etc.
2. e.g., 55 gal drum 100 Ib paper bag, tank, etc. I
3. e.g., outdoor, warehouse, underground, aboveground, etc.
4. e.g., pump, forklift, pneumatic transport, conveyor, etc.
5. e.g., crush and landfill, clean and recycle, return to supplier, etc.
55
-------
Firm GDHP p
Ass
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994 proj NQ
dilution Prevention Prepared
essment Worksheets
Checked
01645-0111-00007 Sheet 1
WORKSHEET PRODUCT SUMMARY I
Attribute
Name/10
Component/Attribute of Concern
—————— __^__ — ,...,. .
Annual Consumption Rate
Overall
Component(s) of Concern
Annual Revenues, $
Shipping Mode
Shipping Container Size & type
Onsiie Storage Mode
Containers Returnable (Y/N)
Shelf Ufe
Rework Possible (Y/N)
Customer Would
— • — — _ .
- relax specification (Y/N)
- accept larger containers (Y/N)
.
Stream
Description
No.
E!ectricity|
Avg. 324.000 KW
NA
• i HI .-.-
Power lines
-
Reservoir
-
~
-
-
-••I'. ,...ii....».j
Stream No.
. .
""
—
f
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 1 Page of
—— — — — — — — — __
Stream No.
1 ••- •••
— '•.•.
— -
- — _
" • •
56
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
g
Pollution
Assessment
Proj. No. 0164J
Prevention Prepared
Worksheets
Checked I
-0111-00007 Sheet 1
WASTE STREAM
SUMMARY
By Bowman
3y J. Smith
of 6 Page of
• TURBINES AND GENERATOR UNITS
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units gallons ).
Overall
Component(s) of Concern
Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen dram )
Overall (per year)
Method of Management1
Priority Rating Criteria*
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
Wt(W)
Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Rank
Description
Stream No. 1
Lubrication
on
Samplirpg/transfer
Turbine's
approximately 3
$300
less than S30
Off site energy
recovery
Ratir
(R)
9
E(RxVV)
RxW
Stream No.
Stream No.
Rating Rating
(R) RxW (R) RxW
E(RxW) E(RxW)
Notes: 1. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous waste landfill, on-site recycle, incineration,
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering, etc.
2. Rate each stream Jn each category on a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (high).
57
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1 -3. 1 994
WORKSHEET
6
Po8utJonPJ
Assessment
Proj.No. 01645-(
tv*ntion Prepared
VorksheeU
Checked E
)11 1-00007 Sheet 2
WASTE STREAM SUMMARY
By Bowman
3y J. Smith
af 6 Page of
TRANSFORMERS j^ND OIL CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units )
Overall
Component(s) of Concern
Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen )
Overall (per year)
Method of Management1
Priority Rating Criteria7
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
Wt(W)
Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Rank
Stream
Description
No. 2
Transformer Oil
Transfer & recycling
transformers
15-20 ga)|ons
Stream No. 3
OCBOil
Transfer &
recycling
OCBs
15-20 gallons
;
S300/drum
S75
Off site energy
recovery |
Rating
(R)
E(RxW)
S300/drum
$75
Off site energy
recovery
I
RxW
Rating
(R) RxW
;
i
E(RxW)
Stream No. 4
Filters
Oil Recycling
Transformers. OCBs
Several dozen filters
- (solid waste)
-arxtfill
Rating
(R) R x W
E(RxW)
• _ .
Notes. 1. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous wast^ landfill, on-site recycle, incineration,
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering, etc. .
2. Rate each stream in each category on a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (high).
58
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
6
Pollution P
Assessment
Proj. No. 01645-
WASTE STREA
' OUTLET WORKS
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units )
Overall
Component(s) of Concern
Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen )
Overall (per year)
Method of Management1
Priority Rating Criteria*
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
Wt(W)
Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Rank
reventlon Prepared
Worksheets
Checked 1
)11 1-00007 Sheet_3_
M
SUMMARY
By Bowman
3y J. Smith
of 6 Page of
Description
Stream No. S
Mullifak EPS
Bearings
Wicket GJates
5.200 pounds
- (releas
water)
Ratine
(R)
ed into
E(RxW)
RxW
Stream No. 6
Frosto
Bubblers
Surge Tanks
<55 gallons
- (released into
water)
Stream No.
Rating Rating
(R) RxW (R) RxW
E(RxW) E(RxW)
Notes: 1. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous waste landfill, on-sHe recycle, incineration,
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering. etc.
2. Rate each stream in each category on a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (high).
59
-------
Finn GDHP
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
6
Pollution Prevention Prepared
Assessment worksheets
Checked
Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007 Sheet 4
WASTE STREAM SUMMARY
SPILLWAY AND TA
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units^gaHomiJ
Overall
Component(s) of Concern
Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen )
Overall (per year)
Method of Management'
Priority Rating Criteria1
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
Wt. (W)
Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Rank
NTER GATES
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 6 Page of
Description
Stream No. 7
Frosto
Bubbler lines
Tainter G<
1.650
tes
- (released into
water)
Deposits into water
Rating
(R)
E(RxW)
RxW
Stream No.
Stream No.
Rating Rating
(R) RxW (R) RxW
£(RxW) E(RxW)
Notes: 1. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous wast«j landfill, on-site recycle, incineration,
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering, etc.
2. Rate each stream in each category on a scale f|rom 0 (none) to 10 (high).
60
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
Pollution P
Assessment
ProJ. No. 01645-
revention Prepared
Worksheets
Checked
)11 1-00007 Sheet 6
By Bowman
By J. Smith
of 6 Page of
WASTE STREAJM SUMMAcy
RECYCLING
Attribute
Waste ID/Name:
Source/Origin
Component or Property of Concern
Annual Generation Rate (units )
Overall
Component(s) of Concern
Cost of Disposal
Unit Cost (S pen )
Overall (per year)
Method of Management1
Priority Rating Criteria1
Regulatory Compliance
Treatment/Disposal Cost
Potential Liability
Waste Quantity Generated
Waste Hazard
Safety Hazard
Minimization Potential
Potential to Remove Bottleneck
Potential By-product Recovery
Relative
WL(W)
Sum of Priority Rating Scores
Priority Bank
Description
Stream No._9
Aluminum cans
Soda consumption
Recycling
Unknown
Canscoi
recycled
Id be
Stream No.
'
t
- (sold vfaste)
Landfa
Rating
(R)
E(RxW)
RxW
Stream No.
Rating Rating
(R) RxW (R) RxW
E(RxW) E(RxW)
Notes: i. For example, sanitary landfill, hazardous waste landfill, on-sHe recycle, incineration
combustion with heat recovery, distillation, dewatering, etc. '
2. Rate each stream in each category on a scale] from 0 (none) to 10 (high).
62
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
WORKSHEET
7
Pollution
Prevention , Prepared By Bowman
Assessment WorKsneets
Checked By J. Smith
Proj. No. 016450111-00007 Sheet 1 of 1 Page of
OPTION GENERATION
Meeting format (e.g., bralnstorming, nominal group technique) Brainslorminq
Meeting Coordinator Jan Smith
Meeting Participants Dan Bowman, Jan Smith. Dal4 Evenson, Bob Krumweide, Tern Hoagland,
Patricia O'Brien
List Suggestion Options
SEE ATTACHED
•
Rationale/Remarks on Option
63
-------
L
A.
B.
USAGE GARRISON DAM HYDROELECTRIC POWERPLANT
RIVERDALE, NORTH DAKOTA
PPOA BRAINSTORMING SESSION
6/1/94 TO 6/3/94
OPPORTUNITIES TO REDUCE WASTE GENERATION
INPUT MATERIALS
Identify areas that appear to be candidates for reduction or alteration of current practices to
educe input materials K «"*«,*» iu
Investigate use of alternative materials which are environmentally preferable
Reduce consumption rates where feasible
Ensure products are purchased in volumes .that prevent waste from expiration of shelf
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Segregate wastes and attempt to
Recycle and reuse materials where
Reduce sampling size for oil sampling
Use care when handling materials, especially
reta n value of components
possible
life
of transformers, OCBs. and turbine lubricating oils
when transferring and sampling oils
AWARENESS
Communicate environmental informal! >n and objectives to employees
Periodic "friendly" inspections of areas to assess environmental status
Ensure employees understand environmental impacts of all processes and materials
Allow employees latitude to find envirc nmentally preferable methods to performing business
64
-------
II.
A.
B.
D.
INVESTIGATION BY PROCESS
TURBINES AND GENERATOR UNITS
Investigate alternative paints that are
more durable than current vinyl system on turbine
Use ultrasonic bath whenever possib e
Attempt to locate alternative to mineral
Ensure that maintenance activities
ars
TRANSFORMERS AND OIL CIRCUIT
Minimize oil sampling frequency to mi
Reduce oil sample size to minimum
Ensure oil transfers proceed with caution
shutdown of the transfer
OUTLET WORKS
Attempt to locate alternatives to
bearings
Ensure that future repainting of surge
acceptable paints
that do not require oil
to avoid mineral spirits bath
spirits bath
not performed unnecessarily
BREAKERS
nimum necessary
qecessary
to minimize spilled oil, especially during startup and
greased lubrication system currently used in wicket gate
tanks is performed with high quality, environmentally
SPILLWAY AND TAINTER GATES
chemicals to use in tainter gate bubbler system for deicing other
ection rate to bubbler system
Minimize antifreeze use by lowering in
Assess the need for maintaining constant operational readiness of the tainter gate system
Install alternative physical deicing syste
operate at full effectiveness
ms at the gates, like heating elements or mixers
and banks to altow
-------
E. OTHER AREAS OF OPERATION
Assess the water treatment area for waste
Determine if consumer recycling procedures
generation and reduction possibilities
could be made more effective
66
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Data July 1-3. 1994
Po lution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet_J_of_8_ Page of
WORKSHEET
8
OPTION DESCRIPTION
Option Name Oil Sampling and Transfer Reductions
Briefly describe the option; Be cautious of spjlling oil during transfers, and reduce sample
volumes to the minimum necessary.
Waste Stream(s) Affected; 1,2,3,4
Input Material(s) Affected; Lubrication, transformer and OCB oils, filters
Product(s) Affected: Oils and filters under various trade names
Indicate Type:
I Source Reduction
Equipment-Related Change
X
Materials-Related
Personnel/Procec ure-Related Change
D Recycling/Reuse
Onsite
Offsite
Change
Material reused for original purpose
Material used for a lower-quality purpose
Material sold
Originally proposed by; TRC
Date:
Reviewed by TRC
Date:
Approved for study? X yes
no By: TRC
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might reduce on loss and waste.
67
-------
GOHP
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007
Prepared BY Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 2 of 8 Page of
WORKSHEET
8
OPT1CJN DESCRIPTION
Option Name Installation of alternate bearing materials
Briefly describe the option: Remove current grease-lubricated bushings from wicket gates and
efurbish units with a non-grease lubricated system.
Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 5
Input Material(s) Affected: Grease lubricant
Product(s) Affected: Multifax EP2
Indicate Type:
Source Reduction
Equlpment-Relatec
Change
Personnel/Procediire-Related Change
X Materials-Related Change
D Recycling/Reuse
Onsite
Offsite
M rterlal reused for original purpose
Material used for a lower-quality purpose
- Material sold
Originally proposed by: Patricia O'Brien
Date: 6/1/94
Reviewed by TRC
Date:
Approved for study? X yes
no By: TRC
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Reduction ol a significant waste stream
68
-------
Firm GDHP Pollution Prevention Prepared By Bowman
Assessment Worksheets
Site Riverdale. North Dakota 1 Checked By J. Smith
• '
Date July 1-3, 1994 Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007 Sheet 3 of 8 Page of
WORKSHEET OPTION DESCRIPTION
8
Option Name Operational status assessment
Briefly describe the option: Determine if it is n(
for operation year-around.
Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 6
Input Materlal(s) Affected: Antifreeze
Produces) Affected: Frosto
Indicate Type: C3 Source Reduction
Equipment-Related
X Personnel/Procedi
Materials-Related C
D Recycling/Reuse
__ Onslte M«
Offsite Mt
Ms
Originally proposed by: Patricia O'Brien
Reviewed by TRC
Approved for study? X yes no
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might reduce
scessary to keep the tainter gates ready
Change
ire-Reiaied Change
hange
terial reused for original purpose
terial used for a lower-quality purpose
terial sold
Date: 6/2/94
Date:
By: TRC
antifreeze consumption
69
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Proj. No. 01645-0111-00007
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 4 of 8 Page of
WORKSHEET
8
OPTION DESCRIPTION
Option Name Pulse rate reduction
Briefly describe the option: Reduce the rate of pnjection of antifreeze to the bubbler
system to the lowest possible level.
Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 6
Input Materials) Affected: Antifreeze
Produces) Affected: FrostO
Indicate Type:
I Source Reduction
X Equipment-Related'Change
Personnel/Procedurje-Related Change
Materials-Related C lange
D Recycling/Reuse
Onslte
Offsite
Material reused for original purpose
Material used for a tower-quality purpose
Material sold
Originally proposed by; Gavins Point Hydroelectric PowerplantDate: 8/8/94
Reviewed by TRC
Date:
Approved for study?
yes
no
By: TRC
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might reduce antifreeze consumption
70
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994
WORKSHEET
8
Pol
Asset
ProJ. No. .
utlon Prevention Prepared By Bowman
sment Worksheets
Checked By J. Smith
01645-0111-00007 Sheetjj of 8 Paae of
OPT1JON DESCRIPTION
Option Name Alternative antifreezes
.
Briefly describe the option: Use alternative, more environmentally acceptable antifreezes
than methanol.
Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 6
Input Materlal(s) Affected: Antifreeze
Produces) Affected: FrostO
Indicate Type: Kl Source Reduction
X Equipment-Relate
Personnel/Procedi
X Materials-Related
*
D Recycling/Reuse
Onsite M
Offsite M
— M
Originally proposed by: TRC
Reviewed by TRC
Approved for study? X yes
no
d Change
ire-Related Change
Change
aterial reused for original purpose
aterlal used for a lower-quality purpose
aterial sold
Date: 7/6/94
Date:
By: TRC
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might allow environmentally preferable antifreeze to be used
71
-------
Firm GDHP Pollution Prevention Prepared By Rnwman
Asses
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994 Pmj No
sment Worksheets
Checked By J. Smith
•>1fi4fi-ni11-'nnnf)7 Sheet 6 of 8 Page of
WORKSHEET OPTION DESCRIPTION
,
Option Name Bubbler system repair
Briefly describe the option: Overhaul bubbler
bottom, reinforce lake bank.
Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 6
Input Materials) Affected: Antifreeze
Product(s) Affected: Frosto
Indicate Type: El Source Reduction
X Equipment-Relate
Personnel/Procedi
Materials-Related
D Recycling/Reuse
Onsite ft
Offsite JV
ft/
Originally proposed by: Dale Evenson
Reviewed by TRC
Approved for study? X yes no
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Option woul
system, clear bubbler lines, dredge lake
d Change
ire-Related Change
Change
aterial reused for original purpose
aterial used for a lower-quality purpose
aterial sold
Date: 8/19/94
Date:
By: TRC
i likely reduce antifreeze consumption
72
-------
Firm GDHP Pol
Asse:
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994 Proj No
utlon Prevention Prepared By Bowman
sment Worksheets
Checked By J. Smith
f)1R4R-0 11 1-00007 Sheet 7 of 8 Page of
WORKSHEET OPTION DESCRIPTION
8
Option Name Heating element addition
Briefly describe the option: Install heating elei
Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number. 6
Input Materials) Affected: Antifreeze
Froduct(s) Affected: FrostO
Indicate Type: B3 Source Reduction
X Equlpment-Relatt
Personnel/Proced
Materials-Related
D Recycling/Reuse
Onslte ft
Offstte iv
V
nents on tainter gates to assist in deicing.
-------
/
Firm GDHP Pollution Prevention Prepared By Bowman
Assessment Worksheets
Site Riverdale. North Dakota Checked By J. Smith
Date July 1-3, 1994 Proj, No. 01 645-01 1 1 -00007 Sheet 8 of 8 Page of
WORKSHEET | OPTION DESCRIPTION
8
Option Name Increase recycling
Briefly describe the option: Put more recycling
can volume in trash.
•
Waste Stream(s) Affected: Number 9
Input Materials) Affected: Aluminum cans
Produet(s) Affected: various
Indicate Type: D Source Reduction
Equipment-Related
Personnel/Procedu
Materials-Related C
K) Recycling/Reuse
__ Onstte M:
X Offsite X M
Mi
Originally proposed by: TRC
Reviewed by TRC
Approved for study? X yes no
Reason for Acceptance or Rejection Might help re
bins around the powerplant to reduce aluminum
Change
re-Related Change
hange
terial reused for original purpose
aterial used for a lower-quality purpose
terial sold
Date: 6/2/94
Date:
By: TRC
luce solid waste generation
74
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Data July 1-3. 1994
l
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
ProJ. No. 01645-0111-00007
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 1 of 9 Page of
WORKSHEET
PROFITABILITY
OIL SAMPLING AND TRANSFER REDUCTIONS
Capital Costs
Purchased Equipment
Materials
Installation
Utility Connections
Engineering
Start-up and Training
Other Capital Costs
Total Capital Costs $0
incremental Annual Operating Costs
Change In Disposal Costs $75/yr1
Change In Raw Material Costs Unknown2
Change in Other Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings $75
Payback Period (In years)
Total Capital Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
Immediate
1 Assuming a 50% reduction rate of oil consumption by
both reduced spillage and sampling volume.
JHW 7jP purchased 6'°°° 9a»ons of transformer and OCB oil in 1983. However, the cost of this purchase
could not be generated. This was the only tansformer and OCB oil nureh*** sin™ »L «IM, ^^^ 6
operations.
I T- — ——..... . w^rvr* • iv^wv^v^l, u 1^ WWOi Ul U IK) IJUf Wl
only tansformer and OCB oil purchase since the plant commenced
75
-------
GDHP
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
PC llution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Proj. No.
01645-0111-00007
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 2 of 9 Page of
WORKSHEET
PROFITABILITY
NON-GREASE LUBRICATED WICKET GATE BEARING
REPLACEMENT
Capital Costs
Purchased Equipment ~
Materials --
Installation -$40,000.00'
Utility Connections --
Engineering ? - some design and fitting work
Start-up and Training --
Other Capital Costs ? - lost production
Total Capital Costs > $40,000.00
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
Change in Disposal Costs $3,796
change m Raw Material Costs - Average Multifak EP2 annual cost
Change in other Costs ? - less workjer supervision necessary
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings $3,796
Payback Period (in years) *
Total
Capital Costs
10.5 years'
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
| Refurbishing one unit with grease-lubricated beatjings would probably cost close to $40,000.00. If refurbishing
is necessary, payback could be essentially immediate, since installation of greased bearings as replacements
would have similar costs (approximately $40,000, according to Marine Industries Corporation, the United Slates
supplier of Thordon).
76
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
luti<
ssm
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
ProJ. No. 01645-0111 -00007
Prepared By_ Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 3 of 9 Page off
WORKSHEET
PROFITABILITY
OPERATIONAL STATUS ASSESSMENT
Capital Costs
Purchased Equipment
Materials
Installation
Utility Connections
Engineering
Start-up and Training
other Capital Costs Research ? Possibly $20,000.001
Total Capital Costs $20,000.00
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
Change in Disposal Costs
Change In Raw Material Costs $8,250.00 - FrostO purchase
Change in Other Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings $4,125.00
Payback Period (In years) =
Total Capital Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
5 years
1 This is approximate - the study could cost more or
a Assuming Frosto use could be cut in half.
ess, depending on its scope.
77
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
Ion Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
ProJ. No. _OJ
645-0111-00007
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 4 of 9 Page of
WORKSHEET
PRQFITABIUTY
PULSE RATE REDUCTION
Capital Costs
Purchased Equipment
Materials
Installation Up to $500.00
Utility Connections
Engineering Up to $500.00
Start-up and Training
Other Capital Costs
Total Capital Costs $1,000.00
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
Change In Disposal Costs
Change in Raw Material Costs $8.250.0<} • FfOStO consumption
Change in Other Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savfnjgs $4,125.001
Payback Period (In years)
Total Capital Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
0.25 years
1 Assuming Frosto use could be cut in half.
78
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
WORKSHEET
9
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
01645-0111-00007
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet_5_of_9_ Page of
PROFITABILITY
ALTERNATIVE ANTIFREEZES
Capital Costs
Purchased Equipment
Materials
Installation ? . difficult to quantify wjthout experimentation2
Utility Connections
" • ' • ' »n in. ,,MM
Engineering
.
Start-up and Training
Other Capital Costs
Total Capital Costs $8,250.00
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
Change In Disposal Costs
Change In Raw Material Costs $8,250.00 - Frosto purchasing
Change In Other Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings $8,250.00
Payback Period (In years) =
Total Capital Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
1 Assuming other chemicals cost approximately the same as Frosto.
would be low. If modifications are
79
-------
Firm GDHP
Site Riverdale. North
Date July 1-3. 1994
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Proj. No.
01645-0111-OQQQ7
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 6 of 9 Page of
WORKSHEET
9
PROFITABILITY
BUBBLEF
Capita! Costs
Purchased Equipment
Materials
Installation
Utility Connections
—
Engineering $1.5 million
Start-up and Training
Total Capital Costs $1,5. million
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
Change In Disposal Costs
SYSTEM REPAIR
Change in Raw Material Costs ? - diffjcult to quantify1
Change In Other Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings ?
Payback Period (In years) =
Total jCapltal Costs
Unknown
Annual Net Of erating Cost Savings
1 Frosto use may be decreased. However, this
than a pollution prevention option.
repair must be considered as a structural repair of the lake more
80
-------
Firm GDHP Pollution Prevention Propm-pd By Rnwrnan
Asses
site Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3, 1994 Proj No
sment Worksheets
Checked By J. Smith
}1 645-01 11-00007 Sheet 7 of 9 , Page of
WORKSHEET PROFITABILITY
*J HEATING ELEMENT ADDITION, SCENARIO 1
Capital Costs
Purchased Equipment $560,000'
Materials
Installation $140,000*
Utility Connections
Engineering
Start-up and Training
Other Capital Costs
Total Capital Costs $700,000
Incremental Annual Operating Costs
Change In Disposal Costs
Change In Raw Material Costs FrostO
>urchase: $8,250/yr
Change In Other Costs Electricity consumption: $112,000^ —
Annual Net Operating Cost Savjngs -
Payh.rfrD.rf~i (•» y^,,,). Total Capital Costs
Annual Net Op
' Assuming all 28 tainter gates are outfitted with he<
See Scenario 2 (next page) for a reduced scope of
* Assuming a cost equaling 25% of the equipment c
units are bolted or clamped onto the gates and pow
* Assuming $4,000 a year per gate electricity costs.
testing by the Cold Regions Research Engineering
higher than future systems with improved engineerir
Bating Cost Savings
iters. If fewer gates receive heaters, the costs decrease.
heater additions.
ost Installation costs appear to be relatively low, as heating
er wires are run to an electricity source.
This is approximately the cost at which the gates ran during
.aboratory (CRREL). The results were believed to be much
ig and design.
81
-------
Flm> GDHP Pollut
Assessr
Site Riverdale, North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994 Prft] Nn
-------
Firm GDHP
Riverdale. North Dakota
Date July 1-3. 1994
Pollution Prevention
Assessment Worksheets
Proj. No.
01645-0111-00007
Prepared By Bowman
Checked By J. Smith
Sheet 9 of 9 Page of
WORKSHEET
_9
Capital Costs
Purch
Materials
Installation
PROFITABILITY
INCREASED RECYCLING
Utility Connections
Engineering
gulpment $1001
ctlons
framing
Costs
Capital Costs $100
aerating Costs
posal Costs
iv Material Costs
ter Costs
" * • i
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings ~
Payback Period (In years) = Total Capital Costs
Annual Net Operating Cost Savings
1 Assuming a maximum of S100 for the purchase of additional recycling bins.
83
-------
APPENDIX B
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
84
-------
c
* NOTE: NO REPF
HEREI*
TEXACO INC.
INDUSTRY HYGIENE. TOX.COLOGY. AND MATER.AL
SAFETY DATA SHEET
aw&sws
|Tr«J« Him, r* Synonyms
995 MULTIFAK r» •»
Mjnuf»euxtf'» Nam«
Ttxace Ine.
|A
-------
Eff*cu ol Expotur*
Acute
Erts Btlitved to be minimally irritatinj.
Skin
. B«li«v«d to be .ininally irritating.
ft.ipk.ierr SyiMot Btlitvcli to be .ini.ally irritating.
Chronic:
N.D.
Ouxr.
Stnsitiiition Prop"«rli«s;
SWrc Yes No — Unlnovm JL
M««»n Ulhil Doie fl.OM LC „ X!Sp«ciej>
Oril __: . Believed to t>* >
WuUiion . K.D. I
Rejpiralcxy: Yes No Unknown JL
Vt (rat); oraetieally n^-»«.,->
rabbit); practically non-toiig
kritition Index. Eslimition of^lrritjtion (Sp«ci«l)
rabbit); no appreciable
^ i—" "^-^ --i-.^ ^.«^w»^/. no •ppreciaole efte
»n,.» None expected .tK.r rhjn po»;bl. ,;,?:.. :-ri-r.rj--
FUih Point °F. CM«Ihod)
jj._D. (gr«ise)
FUnvrubl* timiu Ot) LowirN.D.
ProdieU Evolv.d Wh«n Subjteu^ Jo Hwt or Comb«jitor
fi.comm.nded Fir.
nfl Aj.ru, And Social Proc.duret:
waur iJrav° ^ *„"?"! "" P"t«etion A,.oe£,ti.n Guide, „„
water .dray, dry cheaieal, foa«, or carbon dioxide.
Hater ori foaa Bay cauje frothing. Ut« water to cool fire-
n'- a Ieak or Ip£u h" not i
•I-
or Exploit*
. None.
86
-------
r
Disposal W«lN3ge or (.talj
Contain spill
and shovel up.
Spittt Cafl CHEMTREC (SOO) 424-93001
wipe up or absorb on suitable tutorial
"Wa»t« Clasiificat
"teriitici
discarded
ion: Product ha« been evaluated for RCRA chirac-
and doei not Beet criteria of a'hazardouj waite if
in it» purchased fora.
NOW
WCESJAAT
R»»A*m«nu for TfmjpofUtion.
DOT Propif Shipping N*n« K.A.
DOT Hinfd Cl«» Ct JppSc»blet
— ; 7»rn.w.«rJ'«c; ,^- - a«.,t«r Than
87
-------
—I
•fatty oil
f«trol«ua oil
Exposure Li.lt '_ gan)te in
lulfurn.d fatty oil
•Hazardou* according to OSHA ^1910 i->nn\ •
6 10 uanA.U910.I200) or on. or »or« ,tate Ri8ht-To-Kno» iiltl.
1.00 - 3.00
50.00 - 64.?
20.00 - 34.'
• 4.00 - 10.<
-00 - 10.99"
88
-------
i:
i:
i:
i;
i:
NONE CONSIDERED NECESSAXT
00995 HULTIFAX If 2
NECE
Oit«ic»l/Cocaon Ka»e
•fatty oil
Fttroleua oil
Solvent devaxed heavy paraf
Litluua 12-hydroxy»tearatt
*ulfuri2ed fatty oil
•Hazardoui according to OSHA
Ho"
ti«it
inie dittillatt 64742650 5.0ag/a3
Range in I
1.00 - 3.99
50.00 - 64.99
20.00 - 34.99
4.00 - 10.99
«.00 - 10.99
(1910.1200) or one or .ore itat* Ritht-To-Know liiti.
HMTS
?«alth. s 0 Reactivity : 0
Flanmability: 1 Special i -
«pcf. fi OP;B
HEALTH EMEBGENCY TC1.EPHCJN6 OU] 831-3<00 1EXT. 2MI
, r ,. ..^.v,. . vfrMI(V . -**-j> T^ir^-7-j.-k-^d. l^»>(» ^iT^^y-ittrVViSi^
89
-------
"^
*"*• ^Itffi'JK' | ,-. - TH..K&^*-v. Co,.,,rvatien t Toxi.M."
D.». iiJLjj 1 D N.W B R^«.l S^^»d.. ^-6^.-^ ~
N-0. - Not 0«l.fnvn.d MA. J- Not A«»krtl«
< - U« Th» > . &„,„««,
90
-------
i:
i:
ij
c
GRATUITOUSLY INDEPENDENT OF ANY SALE OF THE BOn.irT
AND INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION. WHILE ; THE ; W«»MA?ION Ii
NOTE: THIS DATA IS FURNISHED
ONLY FOB YOUR INVESTIGATE ATIN. HILE ; THE
IELIEVEO TO BE CORRECT. TEXACO INC. MAXES NO REPRESENTATION AS TO Tw
MATION CONTAINED HEREIN. TEXACO INC SHALL IN NO EWNT BE BESPOfaVin^
SOEVER NATURE DIRECTLY OR .^OmeCTLY «wLrw i FRO^^U f P^f^TON O
UPON DATA CONTAINED HEREIN. NO WARRANTY. EITHER EXPRESS OB IMPLIED Of u
FITNESS OF ANY NATURE WITH ASPECT TO THE PRODUCT OR TO THE DATA HEPF.w i«
DATA SHEETS ARE AVAILABLE FOR ALL TEXACO PRODUCTS. YOU AftTuRGEO TO MTAIM
ALL TEXACO PRODUCTS YOU BUY. PROCESS. USE OR DISTRIBUTE
WORKING WOW OR EXPOSED TO SUCH PRODUCTS Of '
EXPLANATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
TOXICOLOGY. AND MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
PROOUCT JtfORMATION
Trade Namt and Synonyms
R*fcr te V* code number an
which the product is marketed and
commercial rum« o( tti« prodocL
HbrufKturw'i Minx md
UT.
d name under
the common
Self expLma-
sc/ipu'on
criptive name
Chem'caJ Njroe and/or Family or Oi
Refer to chemical, generic, or dei
of singU element] and compoundv
For purposes of this form, a product Is defined
a hazardous If it possesses one or more of the
I??OWi?n«etU""r;"ie$: '" "» I * '"""-Point
betow 200 degrees Farenheit. elosW cup or sub-
ject to spontaneous heating: (2) his i threshold
Emit Yalu. betow 500 pom gases and vapor
below 5 mg/m3 for dust, fumej and mist, and
below 25 WPPCF lor mineral dustl (3) a single
dose oral 1050 below 500 mgAg: (X) causes
burns to the skin in the short-term* exposure or
is systemicalry toxic by skin conkce (5) has
be.n dtmcnstrated lo be a sko or I eye IrriLmi or
causes respiratory irritation: (6) rrlay caus. skin
or .respiratory sensitiiation: (71 hVj teratogemc.
mutagenic or other toxic effects: 18) may cause
asphyxia or pneumoeoniosis; 19} in the cours.
of normal operations may produce dusts, gases.
fumes. Taper." misL or smoke which have one
Of more of Ihe above characteristic's: HOI con- .
tarn* a component which may b« carcinogenic
according to NTP (National Toxicology Program).
1ARC Oniernational Agency for Resepch on Cancer).
?. K)eeuW|ion»l Safety and Hearth Administration).
EPA {Environmental Protection Agency) and/or NCI
Wational Cancer Institute^ (11) has ja median ICSO -
** ** °' ^OO ppm or less by volum. of gas or vaeer
Of 20 mg/l or less of misL turn, or oust when
•dministered by inhalation.
OCCUPATIOWM. CONTROL PROCE1X RES
tConsult your hdustrial Hygienist Of
Health Sp«cUfijU
Protective
Ocevp'ationil
Typ. of prolecliv. wumenl that li necessary
tor the safe handling and us. of this product.
VentrUtion
Normal means adequate to maintam permissible
concent/aliens.
Ventfliiiort type. It. fecal exhaust, mechanic^.
91
Perm«jjlbl« Conctnlralions
lnd!cat« Threshold Limit Value fTLV) »xj/or
IT*. W*.1*11*?. AY»'»«« «TW*J » establish." by
tNe Amwican Confer.nc. of Go»erm«oul h-
dostriW Hr9,,ni,l, ^,0, standard,
EMERGENCY AND FBST AID PROCEDURES
AAninister first aid and -.merjw^y procedure,
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Acute" Exposures (Eye. Skin. Retpiraiory Syst.m)
R»l«rs to the most common efl«eij
Chronic
Refers to Ih. .Meet, ft,, ar. most a,^ ,o «-
cw from repeated or prolons.d exposure. *^
Semiluer
Mean* a substance which win cause on or n
2£±L^ti"u'- *"5U8h » -EJcS
pho^drnam,c process, a hyper sensibly which
becomes ««dent on reapplieation of er .»oT«-
urt lo. the same substance. ' P°I
Median Lelhal Dos. or Coneentralion (LD50.LCSO)
Refers lo that dos. or .concentration of the ma -
^" <5"'h " « P« c.n?of
•*"»l-on. exposur. Him. i, in-
Irrftation Index
to an empirical SCOT. fDrait. Method) for
Fff?£ PROTECTION INFORMATION
Temperature
« <^«« FarenheiL
. °" enou9h '«-«n»bl.
and burn c.onUnuoush- for 5 sec-
Rash Poini (Slat. Method used)
Brv. off enough
-------
Flammitole Lrnitx
Refers lo (he range o( gas or vapor concentration
(percent by volume in air) vvhieh will burn or ex-
plode II an ignition source! ti present. Lower
means Ihe the lower flafrvruble Omit and upp«r
means Ox upper
C*nL
flammabl,
Products Evolved When
Combustion,
Bmil given In per-
Subjected to Heat or
The product! evolved when INl material U sub-
jected to heat or combustion. Includes temper-
ature at wfiich oxidition Of oUwr lormt o« d«ar>-
«Ution occurs.
R*conyl Proc*durci
Specifies the fire fighting agents Out should be
used to ' extinguish fires. l( unusual (re haiards
are involved or special procedures Indicated, this
Is specified.
Urtsusuat Fire or Explosive
Specifies hazards lo personnel in case of fire ex-
plosive "
ENVIRONWENTAL PROTECTION
|
Specifies how tfis product can be successfully
disposed of.
tndicitei prectutioni nec«'
haUge or breakjge occ
clean-up procedures. Q>)
equipment if necessarjr. tc)
created, ie. fire, explosior
sary in th« 'event that
rs. Inckjciad* are U
personal protective
hujrds that imy be
etc.
PRECAUTiOKARy LABEL
Label that 'a required or recommended.
Requirements (or Transportation. Kancaing and
Storage
Specifies handling and storajge procedures. Gives
ICC. DOT. or other regulations related to safety
and health for transportation,
OCMICAL AM3 PHYSCAL fSOPERTIES
Boiling Point tor Range).
Isius BoDing Point at
In degrees Farenheit or Ce
760 rnrr^g.
Vapor Pressure
Pressure exerted when a solid or Ecjuid U n
KJuilibrium with Hi own vapor.
Specific Gravity
The ratio of the density ol th,i producl to Ihe
density o( water.
Vapor Density
The ratio of the density of the vapor at satura-
tion concentration ( 20 degrees Celsius or 68
degrees Farenheit } to the density of air. at 760
fltf'lv tg. •
Appearance and Odor
Refers lo the general chartclerualion of Ihe mat-
•rul. *.» powder, colorless liquid, aromatic ocor.
PH
Refers to Ihe degree of acidity or basicity of the
material in a specific eooceni/ation,
PHI -5 - STRONGLY ACOJC
PHS-7 - WEAKLY ACOIC
PH7-9 - WEAKLY BASIC
.pHS-147 STRONGLY BASIC
Solubffity
Refers lo the soluWlity of a material by weichl
in water at room temperaiure. Tho term negli-
gible. less than 0.1 X; slight, 0.1 to IV moder-
ate 1 1 10 10S: appreciable. 10% or greater. G«M
solubility in organic solvents where appropriate.
Percent Volatile By Volume
Refers to .the amount volatiied at 20 degrees
Celsius or 68 degrees Farenhe* when allowed to
evaporate,
Evaporation •
Gwes'the rate o( evaporation compared to a
Standard
Viscosity
Measure o( flow characteristics «, Kinemaiu: vis-
cosity in Centistokes.
Kuardcvs Potymeriiation
(Uiardous pdymeriialion is that reaction wt»eh
takes place at a rate which produces Urae
•mounts of energy. Indicates whither h mar or
_may not- occur and under what storage conditions.
Does the Material React Violently
Indicates whether the material will react violently
/•leasog larje arnoonu of energy when exposed
under conditions fisted.
CompotiUon
Components of the product as manufactured.
Texaco Inc.
2000 Weslch«ster Avenue
White Plains. New York 10650
Phone (914) 831-3400 (Beacon)
92
-------
i;
r
TANNER SYSTEMS, INC.
Mailing Address:
P.O. Box 59
Sauk Rapids, MN 56379-0059
Telephone: 612-252-6-454
Location:
1660 East Highway 23
St. Cloud, MN 56304
Fax 612-252-6877
2« HOUR EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE • CHEMTREC 80
SpecHIc Gravity (HtO = 1):
e 25.° c. .8
8.
Trade Name and Synonyms:
FROSTO
Formula: CF
3011 ([Base)
DOT Hazard Class 3 UN1Q93 pen
JAL DAIA
Vapor Pressure:
mm Hg 6 70.2° ?.
100
Volume % Volatile:
> 99
Vapor Density (Alf = 1):
1.11
Evaporation Rate:
(Butyl Acetate = 1) 2.0
Solubiliiy (Weight % in .'
Water}: ^
Freeilng Point:
-IN0 7.
Appearance ana Odor: ] % —
Pale green solution with a characteristic odor.
SECTION 2 • HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
Methanol
Aliphatic Ester
Aatino Alcohol
Colorant
•
-
CAS j
67-56-1
-
-
-
V» w/w
70-99
1-30
1-30
<1
T.L.V. (p.pjn.)
200 (8 Hour WA)
Flash Pol
5%°
Soeclal PI
lt«F
?.
rn f
Method
(12°
Used:
C)
Flammable
LEU 6.0
Umlts In
I
Air (V,
by
Volume)
Extinguishing
C0_ or dry
Media:
chemical
breathing apparatus
1 exposure
reduce the
and
SECTION 4 » HEALTH HAZARD DATA
xposure Umlts jfTLV): For the lowest component.
200 p.p.*.
93
-------
EFFECTS OF OVEREXPOSURE
effects of pverexposure (or Inhalation, eye/akin conlaei in
Prinary route* of entrys
Exposure Units:
Skin absorption, Inhalation, Ingestion
{£"' "^r'l^ PP"' 8-nour TWA, -ACCIH TLV; 200ppo,
B-hour WA, 250 pp., STEL: potential contribution to
overall exposure possible via skin absorption, KIOSH-
200 pp., 800 pp«/15 min ceii., u^). 5.26 g/kg.~
Iwaediately dangerous to life andUealth: 25,000 ppa
Effect* of Exposure - Acute
Ingest Ion:
Denial:
Poisonous if swallowed, can effect optic nerve resulting
in Blindness. Can cause nental sluggishness, nausea and
vcaitlng leading to severe Illness, possible death in
numans.
Irritant. Prolonged or repeated contact causes drying,
brittleness, cracking. Slightly toxic to aniaals by
absorption.
Eye: Causes injury vhlch «ay persist for several days, tlouid
OP ulffn VaTiQ^ l*onj**n ***•*<,«._._ -. * • . _ . . . . ^
Inhala
•ion: ^ Extremely high levels can cause stupor, headache, nausea,
• Oi S.T1 n^fc* • an/I im *+**•** ~ ^i —. K «• *
Sy«teaic:
Chronic -
poison.
blindness. Because it i<
slowly, it should be regarded as a cuaulative
Mutageniclty: In Vitro - Lilted evidence of imtogenicity (»ouse)
In Vivo - Ho InforBatlon found.
Carclnogenlclty: Ho evidence of carclnogeniclty in alee.
Reproduction: No infcreation found.
Known medical condition, which, could be aggravated by exposure:' No information found.
Haraful drug interactioi : Ko information found.
Other toxic effects:
Kay be fatal or cause blindness If Ingested. Prolonged
or repeated breathing of vapor is harmful.
94
-------
SECTION 5 • .EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID PROCEDURES:
f 1 Contact: Flush eyes with water (or at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention.
Skin Contact: Wash with »o*p and water. Remove contaminated clothing. If Irritation persists aet
medical attention. ' *
i:
r
i.
i.
Inhalation:
Romov* victim to fresh «lr. Provide oxygen If breathing Is difficult Give artificial
resplratlo > If not breathing. Gel medical attention.
Induce ^ooitlng of coneciou* patient by giving 2 glares of water
and pressing finger down throat. Contact physician i«as«diately,
Notes tO Physician {Including Antidotes): T,.,* a. -.th«««i ™< « ^
are rr«t«r tH*« Vn i j i Treat a* aetnanol poisoning. When ingested
3! T1 d plB6M conc«tr*tions *r« higher than 20 «g per
. adainl.tered intravenou.ly 1. possible
ACTION 6 •
Stability:
REACH
Stable.
VITY .DATA
Hazardous Polymerization:
Will not occur.
azardous Decomposition Products:
nltrJf^wParkl- ^ f1"*' Sulfuric Acid« «tron« oxidizer.
, nitric acid, perchloric acid and chroaixm trioxide.
SECTION 7 • SPILL C-R LEAK PROCEDURES
Carbon aonoxide, Carbon dioxide.
•p* to b« Taken If Material Ik Spilled or Releated:
Eliminate potential sources of Ignition.
Wear appropriate respirator arid other protective clothing.
For large spills, dike and contain. Remove with vacuum trucks or pump to storage/salvage vessels
Soak up residue or small splllk with noncombustible absorbanl; place b> drums for proper disposal.
Flush area with water to remo'vo trace residue. Dispose of flush solutions In drums.
Keep out of surface waters and any watercourses or sewers entering or leading to surface waters
**'»pose of In an appropriate
T.er to latest EPA or State
and clothes wet
< isposal facility In compliance with local regulations.-
Regulations regarding disposal. .
with fluid should be washed Immediately with soap and water.
95
-------
SECTION 8 * SPECIAL PROTECTION INFORMATION
Respiratory Protection: ^ contalnedj NIOSH opproved, breathlng apparatus or
oth|er supplied air full face respirator.
Ventilation (Type):
exhaust recoaunended to control employee exposure.
SXinfEye Protection:
Chemical safety goggles.
Clove type: Heoprene or rubber.
Other Protective Equipment:
Rubber boots, rubber apron If splashing aay occur.
A safety shower and eye bath should be available.
SECTION 9 • SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS
Precautions to be Taken During Handling and Storing:
Vhen transferring, follow proper grounding procedures. Use with adequate ventilation.
Provide emergency exhau'st. Avoid breathing vapor. Avoid contact with eyed, skin and
clothing. Wash thorougjhly with soap and water after handling. Wash contaminated
clothing thoroughly before reuse.
Store In a cool, well ventilated area. Do not expose to temperature above 120 ?.
Keep away from heat, sparks and flame. Keep containers closed. Use only DOT approved
containers. Use spark resistent tools. Eapty container nay contain hazardous residues.
HOTE: May attack rubber and some plastics/
Use: Compressed air line antl-freeie. Use with adequate ventilation. When opening
drum, give plug no core than one turn and stop. Allow pressure to vent to
atmosphere. .
Handling: As flammable liquid, n.o.s.
Storage: As flaasmable liquid, away from strong oxidizera.
NOTICE OF SI
CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING
TITLE III OF THE SUPER
BSTANCES SUBJECT TO SECTION 313 OF TITLE III OF S.A.R.A.
FROSTO
SUBSTANCES SUBJECT TO THE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 313 OF
WO AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1986 AND 40 CFR PART 37,
SUBSTANCE NAME
METHANOL
The information contained
TANNER SYSTEMS. INC.
the results to be obtained
injury from the use ol the
herein Is based on the data available lo us and is bet.eved to be correct. Howeve.
makes no warranty, expressed or Implied re8arding the accuracy ol these daia or
from ihe use thereol. TANNER SYSTEMS. INC. assumes no respons.b.lity for
xoducl described herein.
This MSOS complies with
C.A.S. I
67-56-1
X BY WT.
99X
29 CFR 59'0 1200 (The Hazard Communication Standard)
S?
Date Prepared: October 1993 " Signature:
96
-------
VI
TO:9P19199687557
fiUG 1. 1994 4:3:P"I
P. it
PRODUCT #: 13436-8 NAME: 1,2-PROFANEDIOL, 99%
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHBBT, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
Sigma Chemical Co.
P.O. Box 14508
St. Louis, HO 63178
Phone: 314-771-5765
SECTION l. -
PRODUCT
13436-8
1,2-DIHYDROXYPROPANB *
GLYCOL *
GLYCOL *
GLYCOL *
MONOPROPYL3NB
PROPYLENE
1,2-PROPYLKNG
Aldrich Chemical Co.
1001 Meet St. Paul
Milwaukee, HI 53233
Phone: 414-273-3850
Fluka Chemical Corp
980 South Sacond St
RonkonJcoma, NY 1177
Phone: 516-467-0980
Emergency Phone: 516-467-3535
- CHEMICAL IDBNTIFICATICN-
NAMB: 1,2-PROPANBDIOL, 99%
SBCTIOH 2. ..... COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGRBDI2NTS ----.-.
CAS 8:57-55-6
MF: C3H8O2
SYNONYMS
GLYCO
DOWFROST * MBTHYLETHYLSNE GLYCOL * METHYL
GLYCOL * PG 12 * PROPANE-1,2-DIOL .* PROPYLEHE
L USP « ALPHA- PROPYLBNEGLYCOL * 1,2-PROPYLSNB
LYKOL (GERMAN) * SIRLSNB * SOLAR WINTER BAN *
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION1
TRIMETHYL GLYCOL *
SECTION 3.
LABEL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HARMFUL
HARMFUL BY INHALATION AND IF SWALLOWED.
WEAR SUITABLE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.
HYGROSCOPIC
SECTION 4.
FLUSH SKIN KITH WATER.
CONTAMINATION OF THE EYES SHOULD BE TREATED BY IMMEDIATE AND PROLONGED
IRRIGATION WITH COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF WATER.
IP INHALED, REMOVE TO FRESH AIR.
FIRST-AID MEASURES-
IP SWALLOWED, WASH OUT
KOUTH WITH HATER PROVIDED PERSON IS CONSCIOUS.
FJRE FIGHTIJJG MEASURES - - -
CALL'A PHYSICIAN.
SECTION 5. -------
EXTINGUISHING MSDIA
WATER SPRAY,
. CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHJBMICAL POWDER OR APPROPRIATE FOAM.
SPECIAL FIRBPIGHTING PROCEDURES
KBAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TO
PREVENT CONTACT WITH SKIN AND BYES.
SECTION 6. -- ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES- --- --.
WEAR RESPIRATOR, CHEMICAL SAFETY GOGGLES, RUBBER BOOTS AND HEAVY
RUBBER GLOVES.
ABSORB ON SAND OR VBRH1CULITE AND PLACE IN CLOSED CONTAINERS FOR
DISPOSAL. .
Page 1 ' ' "•
97
-------
FRCJi:ft_DR]CH
VJI
TO:9P19i99687557
RUG i.,1994 4:35PM t581 P.12
PRODUCT »: 13436-8 NAME: 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 99%
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHSST. Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed
Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
VENTILATE AREA AND MASH SPILL SITE AFTER MATERIAL PICKUP IS COMPLETE.
SECTION 7.--- HANDLING AND STORAGE-
REFER TO SECTION 8.
SECTION 8. - - - - - - EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTBCTION-
CHSMICAL SAFETY GOGGLES.
USB PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, GLOVES AND MASK.
SAFETY SHOWER AND EYE BATH.
MECHANICAL EXHAUST REQUIRED.
DO NOT BREATHS VAPOR.
AVOID CONTACT WITH BYES, SKIN AND CLOTHING.
WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER
HANDLIJJC
779 F
HARMFUL LIQUID.
KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.
HYGROSCOPIC
STORE IN A COOi DRY P^ACB.
SECTION 9. --.--..
APPEARANCE AND ODOR
VISCOUS COLORLESS LIQUID
BOILING .POINT: 187 C
MELTING POINT; -60 C
FLASHPOINT 225 F
107C
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE
UPPER EXPLOSION LEVBlJ:
LOWER EXPLOSION LEVEL
VAPOR PRESSURE: 0.08MM 20 C
VAPOR DENSITY: 2.62
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
SECTION 10.
INCOMPATIBILITIES
ACID CHLORIDES
ACID ANHYDRIDES
OXIDIZING AGENTS
CHLOROFORMATES
REDUCING AGENTS
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR t
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
414C
12.5%
2.6V
1.036
- -STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
ECCMPOSITION PRODUCTS
TOXIC FUMBS OF:
CARBON MONOXIDE,
SECTION 11. - - - -
ACUTE EFFECTS
HARMFUL IF INHALED OSi SWALLOWED.
MAY CAUSE EYB IRRITATION.
HAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION.
[ON DIOXIDE
• - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Page 2
98
-------
FRCTi:ft-DRJCH O-EH-MILU
TO: 9P19199687557
«JG 1. 1934 4:33=^ C581 P.13
PRODUCT #; 13436-8 NAME: 1,2-PROPANBOIOL, 99V
MATERIAL SASJETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Monday, August 01. 1994 10:04AM
EXPOSURE CAN CAUSE:
GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCES
NAUSEA, H3ADACHE AND VOMITING
CNS DEPRESSION
RTBCS NO: TY2000000
1,2-PROPANBDIOL
IRRITATION DATA
SKN-KMN 500 MG/7D MLD
SKN-EMN 104 MG/3D-I MOD
SKN-MAN 10V/2D
BYE-RBT 100 MG MLD
BYE-RBT 500 MG/24H MLD
TOXICITY DATA
CRL-RAT LD50:20 GM/KG
IPR-RAT LD50:6660 MG/K&
SCU-RAT LD50:22500 MG/XG
IVN-RAT LD50:6423 MG/KG
IMS-RAT LD50:14 GM/KG
ORL-MUS LD50:22 GM/KG
IPR-MUS LD50:9718 MG/KC
SOJ-MUS LD50:17370 MG/lKG
IVN-MUS LDSO:663C MG/KG
ORL-DOG LD50:22 GM/KG
IVK-DOG LD50:26 GM/KG I
ORL-RBT LD50:18500 MG^KG
SKN-RBT LD50:20800 MG/jXG
ORL-GPG LD50:18350 MG/XG
ORL-QAL LD50:>2080 MG/KG
JIDEAB 55,190,70
85DKA8 -,127,77
JIDBAB 19,423,52
PCTOD7 20,573,82
85JCAE -,206,86
TXAPA9 45,362,78
KRKRDT 9,36,81
IAEC** 17JUN74
ARZNAD 26,1581,76
IABC*« 17JUN74
OrpBTAB 65,89,39
PEPRA7 6,342,47
KRKRDT 8,46,81
ARZNAD 26,1581,76
JIHTAB 21,173,39
NTIS** PB280-477
PAONAU 53 A, 491,74
NPIRI* 1,101,74
JIHTAB 23,259,41
BESADV 6,149,82
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
TARGET ORGAN DATA
EFFECTS ON FERTILITY (| POST-IMPLANTATION MORTALITY)
EFFECTS ON EMBRYO OR EBTUS {FBTOTOXICITY)
ONLY SELECTED REGISTRYJ OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CEBKICAL SUBSTANCES
{RTBCS) DATA IS PRESENTED HERE. SES ACTUAL ENTRY IN RTECS FOR
COMPLETE INFORMATION.
SECTION 12.-------
DATA NOT YET AVAILABLE.
SECTION 13. ._....- DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS ---------
DISSOLVE OR MIX THE MATERIAL WITH A COMBUSTIBLE SOLVENT AND BURN IN A
CHEMICAL INCINERATOR EQUIPPED WITH AN AFTERBURNER AND SCRUBBER. .
OBSERVE ALL FEDERAL. STATE AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS.
SECTION 14. -- - -. - - -j- - - TRANSPORT INFORMATION
CONTACT ALDRICH .CHEMICAL COMPANY FOR TRANSPORTATIOK INFORMATION.
SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
Page 3
99
-------
FRCMiflLDRICH CHEtt-MILU U1I
PRODUCT 3:
MATERIAL
Printed
TO-.9P19199687557
It 1994
t581
36-8 NAME: 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 99V
SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
REVIEWS, STANDARDS, AND REGULATIONS
BPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RB-RBGISTRATION
FEREAC 54,7740,89
NOHS 1974: HZD 63525; NIS 323; TNF 83144; NOS 224; TNB 1494455
NOES 1983: HZD 63525; NIS 320; TNF 79614; NOS 233; TNB 1840941; T7E
837782 I
EPA GBHBTOX PROGRAM 1988, NEGATIVE: SHE-CLONAL ASSAY .
BPA TSCA CHEMICAL INVENTORY, JUNE 1993
BPA TSCA SECTION 8{B) STATUS REPORT 8EHQ-0178-0041
ON EPA IRIS DATABASE
BPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASS, JANUARY 1994
SECTION 16. -------p-- OTHER INFORMATION- --
THB ABOVE INFORMATION IS BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT BUT DOES NOT PURPORT TO
BB ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BE USED ONLY AS A GUIDE. SIGMA, ALDRICH,
FLUKA SHALL NOT BB HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM HANDLING
OR FROM CONTACT WITH THE ABOVE PRODUCT. SSS REVERSE SIDB OF INVOICE OR
PACKING SLIP FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OP SALB.
COPYRIGHT 1994 SIGMA CHEMICAL CO., ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO., INC.,
FLUKA CEEKIB AG |
LICENSE GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAP3R COPIES FOR INT3RNAL .USE ONLY
Page 4
100
-------
r
FRCM.-SLDRJCH OEM-MILU ui
TO:9P19199687557
P.87
PRODUCT #: 26889-4 NAME: (+/-) -l-MBTHOXY-2-PROPANOL 98V
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SH3BT, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed
Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
Sigma Chemical Co.
P.O. Box 14508
St. Louis, MO 63178
Phone: 314-77J.-5765
Aldrich Chemical Co.
1001 West St. Paul
Milwaukee, WI 53233
Phone: 414-273-3B50
Pluka Chemical Ccrp
980 South Secocd St
Ronkonkoma, NY 1177
Phone: 516-467-0980
Emergency Phone: S16-467-353S
• - CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION- ----..
NAME: <+/-)-l-MBTHOXY-2-PROPANOL, 98%
COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
SECTION 1.
PRODUCT f: 26889-5
SECTION 2. - - - -
CAS 8sl07-98-2
MF: C4H10O2
SYNONYMS
DOWANOL 33B * DOKANOL PM * DOWANOL PM GLYCOL" ETHER
GLYCOL ETHER PM * MBTHOXY BTHBR OP P20PYLENB GLYCOL * l-MBTEOXY-2-
PROPANOL * l-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL (DOT) * POLY-SOLVB M?M *
DOWTHERH 209
SOLVENT M « PROPYLENE
GLYCOL METHYL BTHBR * PROPYLENE GLYCOL
PROPASOL
HONCMBTHYL BTHBR * ALPHA-PROPYLENB GLYCOL MONOMETHYL BTHBR
PROFYLENB GLYCOL MONOMB7HYL BTHBR (ACGIH.OSHA) * PROPYLENGLYXOL-
MONCM3THYLAKTH2R (GERMAN) * DCAR SOLVENT LM (OBS.) * DN3092 (1XXT)
• - - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION --------
SECTION 3. - - - - -
LABEL PRECAVTIONARY STATEMENTS
PLAMMABLB
IRRITANT
IRRITATING TO BYBS, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND SKIN.
• KEEP AWAY PROM SOURCEJS OP IGNITION. NO SMOKING.
IN CASE OP CONTACT WITH BYBS, RINSB IMMEDIATELY WITH PLENTY OP
HATER AND SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE.
-HEAR SUITABLE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, GLOVES AND EYE/PACE
PROTECTION.
SECTION 4. ------- Ip _- FIRST-AID MEASURES- -------..-.
IN CASE OP CONTACT, IMMEDIATELY FLUSH EYES OR SKIN WITH COPIOUS
AMOUNTS OP WAT3R FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES WHILE REMOVING CONTAMINATED
CLOTHING AND SHOBS. •"«***"
IP INHALED. REMOVE TO] FRESH AIR. IP NOT BREATHING GIVE ARTIFICIAL
RESPIRATION. IP. BREATHING IS DIFFICULT, GIVE OXYGEN.
IP SWALLOWED, HASH OUT MOUTH WITH WATER PROVIDED PERSON IS CONSCIOUS
CALL A PHYSICIAN. .
WASH CONTAMINATED CLOTHING BEFORE REUSE.
SECTION 5. ---.---L- PIRB FIGHTING MEASURES -------._
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL POWDER OR APPROPRIATE FOAM.
WATER MAY BE EFFECTIVE FOR COOLING, BUT MAY NOT EFFECT EXTINGUISHMENT.
Page 1 : r-
i;
101
-------
FROlrflLCRlCH CHEM-MILU W'l
TO.'9P191996a7557
i, 1934 4.-3a=n tsei p.ea
PRODUCT «: 26889-5 NAKS: <+/-)-l-MBTHOXY-2-PROPANOL 98%
MATERIAL SAF3TY DATA, SEEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94 '
Printed Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
SPECIAL FIREFIGHTING PROCEDURES~ ~~
WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND PROT3CTIVE CLOTHING TO
PREVENT CONTACT WITH SKIN AND EYES.
FLAMMABLE. .
USB WATER SPRAY TO" COOL PIRB-BXFOSBD CONTAINERS
UNUSUAL FIRS AND EXPLOSIONS HAZARDS
VAPOR MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTANCE TO SOURCE O? IGNITION AND
FLASH BACK.
CONTAINER EXPLOSION MAY OCCUR UNDER FIRE CONDITIONS
FORMS EXPLOSIVE MIXTURES IN AIR.
SECTION 6.
BVACUAT3 AREA.
SHUT OFF ALL SOURCES
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES-
OP IGNITION.
HEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS, RUBBER SOOTS AND HEAVY
RUBBER GLOVES .
COVER WITH AN ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORBENT, TAKE DP AND PLACE IN CLOSED
CONTAINERS. TRANSPORT OUTDOORS CLOSED
SECr IS COMPLETS.
SECTION 7. ....... --- HANDLING AND STORAGE ---
REFER TO SECTION 6.
SECTION 8. ...... BXJPOSURS CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION .....
WEAR APPROPRIATE NIOSH/MSHA-APPROVED RESPIRATOR, CHEMICAL-RES TSTANT
GLOVES, SAFETY GOGGLES. OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
MECHANICAL EXHAUST REQUIRED. -
SAFETY SHOWER AND BYE BATH.
USB NONSPARKING TOOLS.
DO NOT BREATHS VAPOR.
AVOID CONTACT WITH BYBS, SKIN AND CLOTHING.
WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER! HANDLING.
IRRITANT.
KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.
KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS. AND OPEN FLAME.
STORE IN A COOL DRY PLACE
SECTION 9. .....
APPEARANCE AND ODOR
COLORLESS LIQUID
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
BOILING POINT: 118 C ffO 119 C
FLASHPOINT 93 P
33C
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 278 P
UPPER EXPLOSION LEVKL:
LOWER EXPLOSION LEVEL:
VAPOR PRESSURE: 10.9MM 25 C
13 SC
13.8%
1.6%
Page 2
102
-------
UI
r
TO:9P19199687557
1934
t5Ql
PRODUCT »: 2S889-5 NAME: (+/-)-l-MsrHOXY-2-PROPANOL, 98V
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHE3T, Valid 8/94 - 10/34
Printed
Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
0.922
- -STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
VAPOR DENSITY: 3.12
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
SECTION 10.
INCOMPATIBILITIES
OXIDIZING AGENTS
ACID CHLORIDES
ACID ANHYDRIDES
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
TOXIC FUMBS OPs
CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE
SECTION 11....
ACUTE EFFECTS
MAY BE HARMFUL BY INHALATION, INGBS7ION, OR SKIN ABSORPTION.
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
CAUSES SXIN IRRITATIOt
RTECS NO: DB7700COO
2-PROPANOL, 1-MBTHOXY-
IRRITATION DATA
SXN-RBT 500 MG OPEN Mlb
BYB-RBT 230 MG MLD
BYE-RBT 500 MG/24H MLD
TOXICITY DATA I
ORL-RAT LD50:5660 MG/KG
IPR-RAT LD50:3720 MG/XG
SCO-RAT LDSO.-7800 MG/X;G
IVN-RAT U)50;4200 MG/KG
ORL-MUS LDSOs11700 MG/XG
IVN-MUS LD50:5300 HG/XG
ORL-DOG LD50:5 GM/XG
IVN-DOG LD50:2 GM/XG
ORL-RBT LD50:5700 HG/XG
SKN-RBT LD50:13 GM/XG I
SCU-RBT LD50-.5 GM/XG
IVN-RBT LD50:1200 MG/KjS
TARGET ORGAN DATA
UCDS** 11/13/71
AMIHBC 9,509,S4
85JCAB -.625,86
AIHAAP 23,95,62
38>1KAJ 20,3977,82
ARZNAD 22,569,72
AR2NAD 22,569,72
ARZNAD 22,569,72
ARZNAD 22,569,72
ARZNAD 22,569,72
ARZNAD 22,569,72
ARZNAD 22,569,72
NPIRI» 1,105,74
ARZNAD 22,569.72
ARZNAD 22,569,72
BEHAVIORAL (CONVOLSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURB THRESHOLD)
LUNGS, THORAX OR RESPIRATION
-------
O-EH-tllLU Ut
TO:9P19199687557
«JG 1,
C581 P. 18
PRODUCT #.-26889-5 NAM2: (+/-)-l-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL, 98*
' MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
DATA NOT YET AVAILABLE.
SECTION 13. ------L-
DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
BURN IN A CHEMICAL INCINERATOR EQUIPPED WITH AN AFTERBURNER AND
SCRUBBER BUT EXERT EXTRA CARS
FLAMMABLE.
OBSERVE ALL FEDERAL,
SECTION 14.
IN IGNITING AS THIS MATERIAL IS HIGHLY
STATE AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS.
TRANSPORT INFORMATION
CONTACT ALDRICH CHEMJECAL COMPANY FOR TRANSPORTATION IHPORMATION.
SECTION IS. L - - REGULATORY INFORMATION " - - -
RBVIBNS, STANDARDS, AND REGULATIONS
ACGIH TLV-TWA 100 PPM; STBL 150 PPM
KSHA STANDARD-AIR:TWA 100 PPM (360 MG/M3)
DTLWS* 3,27,73
OSHA PEL FINAL:8H T
85INA8 6,1310,91
FWA
100 £>PM (360 MG/M3);STEL ISO PPM (540 MG/M3)
OEL-BBLGIUM:TWA 100 PPM (369 MG/M3) ;STEL 150 PPM (553 MG/M3) JAN93
OBL-DENMARK:TWA 100 PPH (360 MG/M3) JAN93
OBL-FriJLAND:THA 100 PPM (360 MG/M3) ;STEL 150 PPM.-SKIN JAN93
OEL-FRANCS:TWA 100 PPM (360 MG/M3) JAN93
OEL-GERMANY:TMA 100 PPM (37S MG/M3) JAN93
OSL-THE NETHERLANDS:pA 100 PPM (360 MG/M3) JAN93
OBL-SWITZ3RLANDtTWA 100 PPM (360 MG/M3);STEL 200 ?PM (720 MG/K3) JAN93
OBL-UNITBD KINGDOM:TJa 100 PPM (360 MG/M3);SKIN JAN93
OBL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA CHECK ACGIH TLV
OBL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM CHECK ACGIH TLV
NIOSH REL TO TEE CHEMICAL-AIR:10H TWA 100 PPM;STEL 150 PPM
NIOSH* DHHS #92-100[92
NOHS 1974s HZD 81815!? NIS 44; TNF 5953; NOS 36; TOE 26413
KOBS 1983: HZD 81815J? NIS 184; TNP 22268; NOS 123; TNB 328664; T?E
99892
BPA TSCA CHEMICAL INVENTORY, JUNE 1993
ON EPA 2RIS DATABASE
EPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 1994
SECTION 16. - - - - „ OTHER INFORMATION-
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT BUT DOBS NOT PURPORT TO
BE ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BE USED ONLY AS A GUIDE. SIGMA, ALDRICH,
FLUKA"SHALL NOT BE BELD LIABLE FOR ANY DAKAGE RESULTING FROM HANDLING
OR FROM CONTACT WITH THE ABOVE PRODUCT. SEE REVERSE SIDE OF INVOICE OR
PACKING SLIP FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE.
COPYRIGHT 1994 SIGMA CHEMICAL CO., ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO., INC.,
FLUKA CHBMIE AG '
LICENSE GRANTED TO MAKE 'JNLIMITBD PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USB ONLY
Page 4
104
-------
1.
PUG 9 -34 ie:38
FRO1 PLDRICH TEQ-HaJST SRV TO 91915S687557
PRODUCT #: 27764-9 NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
MATERIAL SAIETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Tuesday, August 09, 1994 10:29AM
Sigma Chemical Co.
P.O. Box 14508
St. Louis, MO 63178
Phone: 314-771-5755
SECTION 1. ----- -
PRODUCT #: 27764-9
CCMPO,
Aldxicn Chemical Co.
1001 West St. Paul
Milwaukee. HI 53233
Phone: 414-273-3850
FluXa Chemical Corp
980 South, Second St
RonXonkotoa, NY 1177
Phone: 516-467-0960
Emergency Pfaor.e: 516-467-3535
- CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION -
NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
SlTION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
SECTION 2. - - -
CAS f:64-17-5
H?: C2H60
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
CONTAINS M3THYL ALCO30L. CHSMICAL ABSTRACTS REGISTRY NUMBER 67-56-1.
CONTAINS 2-PROPANOL (ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL) , CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS REGISTRY
NUMBER 67-63-0.
SYNONYMS
ABSOLUTS ETKAHOL * AETHANOL (GERMAN) * AETHYLALXOHOL (GERMAN)
ALCOHOL * ALCOHOLS, N.D.S. (UN1987) (DOT) * ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS *
ALCOHOL DEHYDRATED * ALCOOL ETHYLIQU3 (FRENCH) * ALCOOL ETILICO
(ITALIAN) + ALCOHOLS, TOXIC. N.O.S. (U1U986) (DOT) « ALGRAIN *
ALKOHOL (GBRI4AN) * ALKOHOLU BTYLCWEGO (POLISH? * ANHYDROL » COIXX3NB
SPIRIT * ETANOLO (ITALIAN) * ETHANOL * ETHANOL {DOT,OSHA} * ETI-IANOL
200 PROOF * ETHAHCL SOJLUTIONS (UN1170) (DOT) * ETHYL ALCOHOL (ACGIH,
DC?.OSHA) * BTHYLALCOHOL (DUTCH) * BTKYL ALCOHOL ANHYDROUS * ETHYL
ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS (UNlb.70) (DOT) * ETKYL ETDRATE * ETHYL HYDROXIDE *
. 3TYLOWY ALKOHOL (POLIS|E) * FERMENTATION ALCOEOL * GRAIN ALCOHOL *
JAYSOL * JAYSOL S * MSTHYLCARBINOL * MOLASSES ALCOHOL * NCI-C03134 «
POTATO ALCOHOL * SD AICOBOL 23-HYDROGEN * SPIRITS OF WETC * SPIRT *
TECSOL « UN1170 (DOT)
« DN1986 (DOT) * UN1987 (DOT) *
SECTION 3. - -
LABEL PRECAUTIONARY STATEltoTXS
FLAMMABLE (USA DEFINITION)
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE (BURQPEAN DEFINITION)
TOXIC
DANGER:
POISOH
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
MAY BE FATAL OR CAUSE
CANNOT BE MADE NON-POISONOUS.
CAUSES IRRITATION.
TARGET ORGAN(S):
NERVES
BYES
BLINDNESS IF SWALLCWBD. VAPOR HARMFUL.
Page l
105
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9 '94 10:38
FROM
fiLERICH TECKXUST SPW
TO 9191S9667557
PRODUCT #: 27764-9 NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL. ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHBST, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed rTuesday, August 09, 1994 10:29AM
KEEP CONTAINER TIGHTLY CLOSED.
KEEP AWAY FROM SOURCES OP IGNITION. NO SMOKING.
DO NOT BREATHE VAPOR.
HYGROSCOPIC I
HANDLE AND STORE UNDER NITROGEN.
SECTION 4. "- " I" " " *IRST-AI3 MEASURES-. ----
IN CASK OF CONTACT, IMMEDIATELY FLUSK BYES OR SKIN WITH COPIOUS
AHOONTS OP WATER FOR AT LEAST 15 MINUTES WHILE REMOVING CO>JTAMiNA^3D
CLOTHING AND SHOES. [
ASSURE AD3QUATE FLUSHING OF THE EYSS BY SEPARATING THE EYELIDS
WITH KING2RS.
FRESH AIR. I? NOT BREATHING GIVE ARTIFICIAL
IF INHALED, REMOVE TO
RESPIRATION. IF BREATHING IS DIFFICULT, GIVE OXYGEK.
IF SWALLOWED, WASH OUT MOUTH WITH WATER PROVIDED PERSON IS CONSCIOUS
CALL A PHYSICIAN.
WASH CONTAMINATED CLOrHING BEFORE REUSE.
SECTION 5. --------- FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES -------..-
EXTINGUISHING MEDIA
CARBOK DIOXIDE, DRY C3BMICAL POKD3R OR APPROPRIATE FOAM.
SPECIAL PIRBFIGHTING PROCEDURES
WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TO
PRSVEKT CONTACT WITH SKIN AND 3YES.
OS2 WATER SPRAY TO COJDL FIRE-EXPOSED CONTAINERS.
FLAMMABLE LIQUID.
UNUSUAL FIRB AND EXPLOSIONS HAZARDS
EMITS TOXIC FUMBS UNDER FIRB CONDITIONS.
VA?OR MAY TRAVEL CONSIDERABLE DISTASCS TO SOURCE OF IGNITION AKD
FLASH BACK. |
CONTAINER EXPLOSION MAY OCCUR UNDSR FIRS CONDITIONS.
S2CTIOK 6, - * ' r ACC1DENTAL REL3ASS MEASURES --
SHUT OFF ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION.
EVACUATE ARBA. | • ' . '
WBAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS, RUBBER BOOTS AND HEAVY
RUBBER GLOVES. ' . . •
ABSORB ON SAND OR VERMICULITE AND PLACB IN CLOSED CONTAINERS FOR
DISPOSAL.
USE NONSPARKING TOOLS.
VENTILATE AREA AND WASH SPILL SITS AFTER MATERIAL PICKUP IS COMPLETE
SECTION 7.-------U-. HANDLING AND STORAGE- -----...
REFER TO SECTION 8. | ' .
SECTION 8. ------ EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION - - -
HEAR APPROPRIATE NIOSH/MSHA-APPROVBD RESPIRATOR, CHEMICAL-RESISTANT
GLOVES, SAFETY GOGGLES, OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.
Page 2
106
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PUG 9 -94 10=39
FROM PLDRICH TEOU-CJST SfiU
TO 9191SS6S7557
PRODUCT 8: 27764-9 NAME: BUTYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
MATERIAL SA52TY DATA SH3ET. Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Tuesday, August 09, 1994 .10:29AM
FUME HOOD.
SKIN, ON CLOTHING.
USE ONLY IN A CHEMICAL
SAFETY SHOWSR AND SYB :3ATH.
DO NOT BREATHS VAPOR.
DO NOT GET IN BYES, ON
AVOID PRQLO2JG3D OR REPEATED EXPOSURE.
WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER HANDLING.
POISON
IRRITANT.
KBBP TIGHTLY CLOSED.
KEEP AWAY FROM HEAT, SPARKS, AND OPEN FLAME.
STORE IN A COOL DRY PLACE.
SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CH2MICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE AND ODOR
COLORLKSS LIQUID
BOILING POINT: 78 C
MELTING POINT: -130 C
FLASHPOINT 48 P
8C
683 F
361C
24.5%
3.3*
0.785
•STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
AOTOIGKITION TEMPERATURE:
OTPER EXPLOSION LBV3L:
LOHSR EXPLOSION LEV3L:
VAPOR P3ESSURB: 44.6MM 2C C
VA50R DENSITY: 1.59
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
SECTION 10. -------
INCOMPATIBILITIES
OXIDIZING AGENTS
PEROXIDES
ACIDS
ACID CHLORIDES
ACID ANHYDRIDES
ALKALI METALS
AMMONIA
PROTECT FROM MOISTURB.
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
TOXIC FUMES OF: I
CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE
SECTION 11. --------- TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION - - - - -
ACUTE EFFECTS
MAY BS FATAL IF INHALED, SWALLOWED, OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN.
VAPOR OR MIST IS IRRITATING TO THE EY3S, MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND UPPER
RESPIRATORY TRACT.
SKIN ISRITATIOil.
CAUSES
Page 3
107
-------
HJG 9
18:39
FROM
fiLDRICH TEO-VCUST SRU
PRODUCT #; 27764-9
MATERIAL S
Printed
NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
iFBTY DATA SH3BT, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
ruesday, August 09, 1994 10:29AM
TO 9191SS687557
CAN CAUSE CMS DEPRESSION.
EXPOSURB CAN CAUSE:
DAMAGE TO THE EYES
NAUSEA, DIZZINESS AND
NARCOTIC BFFBCT
PROLONGED OR REPEATED
HEADACHE
EXPOSURE TO SKIN CAUSES DBFATTING AND
DERMATITIS .
CHRONIC EFFECTS
DAMAGE "TO THE LIVER
DAMAGE TO THE HEART
DAMAGE TO THE KIDNEYS
TARGET ORGAN(S):
KBRV3S
EYES
LIVSR, KIDNEYS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
WARNING: CONTAINS METKANOL. MAY BS FATAL OR CAUSE BLINDNESS IF
SWALLOWED. CANNOT BE HADE NONPOISONOUS.
RTECS NO: KQ6300000
ETHYL ALCOHOL
IRRITATION DATA
SKN-RBT 400 MG OPEN MLD
SKN-RBT 20 MG/24H MOEJ
EYB-RBT 500 MG SEV
EYB-RBT 500 MG/24H
EYB-RBT XOO MG/4S RI^SE MOD
TOXICITY DATA
ORL-CH0 LDLC:2 GX/KG
ORL-EMN LDLO:1400 MG/KG
SCU-INF LDLO:X9440 MG/KG
ORL-RAT LD50:70€0 KG^KG
IHL-RAT LC50:20000 PPM/10H
IPR-RAT LD50:3600 UG/KG
IVN-RAT LD5C.-1440 MG/KG
IAT-RAT LD50:11 MG/KG
ORL-MUS LDSO:3450 MG/KG
IBL-MDS LC50:39 GM/M3/4H
IPR-MUS LDSO:933 MG/^33
SCU-MDS LD50:8285 MG/KG
IVN-MUS LD50:1973 MG/KG
ORL-R3T LD50:€300 MG/KG
1PR-RBT LD50:963 MG/KG
TVN-RBT LD50:2374 HG/KG
1UIJ
H3D
UCDS** 7/22/7C
85JCAB -,18S.8S
AJOPAA 29,1363,46
85JCAS -,189.86
?CTOD7 20,573,82
ATXKA3 17,183,58
NPIRI* 1,44,74
AJCPAI 5,466.35
TXAPA9 16,718,70
NPIRZ* 1,44,74
PKMGBN 2,27,69
TXAPA9 18,60,71
TXAPA9 18,60,71
GISAAA 32(3),31,67
GTP2A3 26(8),S:i,82
SCOUR* -,5,61
FAONAU 48A, 99,70
HBTXAC 1,128,55
HBTXAC 1,130,55
EVEPAZ 61,321,85
BVHPAZ 61,321,85
Page 4
108
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BUG 9 '94
FROM CLDRICH TEOVCL5T SRU
TO 9191SS6S7557
PRODUCT #: 27764-9 NAME: ETEYL ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Tuesday, August 09, 1994 10:29AM
ORL-GPG LD50:5560 MG/KJ3
IPR-GPG 11)50:3414 MG/KG
IPR-HAM LD50.-5068 MG/KJG
IPR-MAM LD50:4300 MG/XG
TARGET ORGAN DATA
BEHAVIORAL (SLEEP)
BEHAVIORAL (CHANGS IK
MOTOR ACTIVITY)
BEHAVIORAL (ATAXIA)
BEHAVIORAL (ANTIPSYCHOTIC)
BEHAVIORAL (H3ADACHB)
BEHAVIORAL (CHANGE IN
JIHTAB 23.259,41
BVHPAZ 61,321,85
EVKPAZ 61,321,85
TXAPA9 13,358,€3
PSYCHOPHYSIOLCGICAL TESTS)
LUNGS. THORAX OR R3SPIRATION (CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA OR CONGESTION)
LONGS, THORAX OR R2SP3JSATION (DYSPNAS)
LUNGS, THORAX OX RBS?ISATION (OTHER CHANGES)
GASTROINTESTINAL (ALTERATION IK GASTRIC SBCRBTICN)
GASTROINTESTINAL (HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRH2A)
GASTROINTESTINAL (KAOSBA OR VOMITING)
GASTROINTESTINAL (OTHER CHANGES)
LIV3R (PATTY LIVER DEGENERATION)
LIVER (TUMORS)
BLOCD (OTHER CHANGES)
BLOOD. (LYHPHOMA INCLtnJIBG HODGKIN'S DISEASE)
PATERNAL EFFECTS (TBSTES, BPIDIDYMIS, SPERM DUCT)
EFFECTS ON FERTILITY (FSMALB FERTILITY INDEX)
EFP3CTS ON FERTILITY (MALE FERTILITY.INDEX)
3FF3CTS ON P3RTILITY (POST-IMPLANTATION MORTALITY)
EFFECTS ON FERTILITY |(OTHBR MEASURES OF FERTILITY)
EFFECTS ON EMBRYO OR FETUS (EXTRA EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES)
EFFECTS ON EMBRYO OR FETUS (CYTOLOGICAL CHANGES)
EFFECTS OM BMKRYO OR FETOS (FETOTOXICITY)
EFFECTS ON EMBRYO OR JPETUS (FETAL DEATH)
EFFECTS ON EMBRYO OR FBTUS (OTHER EFFECTS TO 2MBYRO OR FBTUS)
SPECIFIC DEVBLOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES (BYE, BAH)
SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES (CRANIOFACIAL)
SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIBS (MUSCULOSKBLBTAL SYSTEM)
SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES (RESPIRATORY SYSTEM)
EFFECTS ON NEWBORN (GROWTH STATISTICS)
TDMORIGENIC (EQUIVOCAL TUMORIGENIC AG3HT BY RTBCS CRITSRIA)
ONLY SBLBCT3D REGISTRY OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
(RTBCS) DATA IS PRESENTED HBRB. SEE ACTUAL ENTRY IN RTBCS FOR
COMPLETE INFORMATION.I
SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION - ------
DATA NOT YBT AVAILABLE.
Page S
109
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flUG 9 '94 1B:
-------
L.
f '
i .
BUG 3 '94 10:41
FROM
PRODUCT «: 27764-9
=»-DRtCH TEOVCLST
TO
NAME: ETHYL ALCOHOL. ANHYDROUS, DENATURED
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Tuesday, August 09, 1994 10:29AM
Tu<
OEL IN BULGARIA. COLOMBIA, JORDAN, XGR3A CHECK ACGIH TLV
OBL IK NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE. VIETNAM CHECK ACGIH TLV
NIOSH RBIi TO ETHYL ALCOHOL-AIR:10E TWA 1000 PPM
NIOSE* DHHS ¥92-100. J92
430; TNF 1S7709; NOS 242; TNE 2088926
321; TNF 76013; NOS 219; TNB 1752303; TFE
HZD 31500;
HZD 31500;
NIS
NIS
POSITIVE: RODENT DOMINANT LETHAL
NEGATIVE: ASPBRGILLUS-FCRWARD MUTATION;
NEGATIVE:
NEGATIVE:
CELL TRANSFORM.-RLV ?344 RAT EMBRYO
.IN VITRO CnXJGENETICS-NONHUMAN;
NOES 1974:
NOES 1983:
823234
BPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988,
BPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988,
SHB-CLONAL ASSAY
BPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988,
EPA GBNETOX PROGRAM 1J988,
MAMMALIAN-MICRONUCLSUS
EPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, NEGATIVE: N CRASSA-ANEUPLOIDY; HISTIDINB
REVERSION-AHSS TBST |
BPA GENETOX PROGRAM 1988, NEGATIVE: IN VITRO SCE-HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES; B
VITRO SCB-HUMAN
EPA GBNETOX PROGRAM 1938, NEGATIVE: IN VITRO SCB-NONKUMAN; SPERM
MORPHOLOGY-MOUSE ' I
BPA GBNBTOX PROGRAM 1988, NEGATIVE/LIMITED: CARCINOGBNICITY-MOUSE/RAT
BPA TSCA CHEMICAL INVENTORY, JUNE 1993
BPA TSCA SECTION 8{B)| STATUS REPORT 8EHQ-0736-0617
BPA TSCA TBST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASE, JANUARY 1994
NIOSH ANALYTICAL METHODS: SEE ALCOHOLS I, 1400;
NIOSH ANALYTICAL METHODS: SEB 2-BUTANONE, ETEANOL. AND TOLUENE IN
BLOOD, 8002
5.0V MBTHANCL 67-56-1
TEIS PRODUCT IS SUBJECT TO SARA SECTION 313 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
SECTION 16. ----------- OTH3R INFORMATION
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS
BELIEVED TO BE CORRECT BUT DOES NOT PURPORT TO
BE ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BE USED ONLY AS A GUID3. SIGMA, ALDRICH,
FLUKA SHALL NOT BE HELD LIA3LB FOR ANY DAMAGE RESULTING FROM HANDLING
OR FROM CONTACT WITH THE ABOVE PRODUCT. SEE REVERSE SIDE OF INVOICE OR
PACKING SLIP FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OP SALE.
COPYRIGHT 1994 SIGMA CHEMICAL CO., ALDRICH CHEMICAL CO., INC.,
FLUKA CHBMIB AG
LICENSE GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USB ONLY
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