Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers John H. Kerr Dam and Reservor, Boydton, VA


       POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY
               ASSESSMENT AT THE
          U.S. ARMY qORPS OF ENGINEERS
         JOHN H. KERR DAM AND RESERVOIR
               BOYDTON, VIRGINIA
                       by
            TRC Envirpnmental
           Chapel Hill,
               Contrs
       Corporation
North Carolina, 26514
ct #68-02-0181
                  Project Officer

              N. Theresa T. Hoagland
           Sustainable Technology Division
     National Risk Management Research Laboratory
              Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
NATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH LABORATORY
     OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
     U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
             CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268

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                                         CONTACT
      Terri Hoagland is the EPA contact for this report. She is presently with the newly organized
National Risk Management Research Laboratory's new Sustainable Technology Division in Cincinnati, OH
(formerly the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory). The National Risk Management Research
Laboratory is headquartered in Cincinnati, OH
Sustainable Technology Division in Cincinnati.
and is now responsible for research conducted by the

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                                       DISCLAIMER

      The information in this document has bee n funded wholly or in part by the United States
Environmental Protection Agency under Contract 68-D2-0181 to T.RC Environmental Corporation. It has
been subjected to the Agency's peer and admin strative review, and it has been approved for publication
as an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement
or recommendation for use.

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                                          FOREWORD
      The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with protecting the Nation's
land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to
formulate and implement actions leading to a Compatible balance between human activities and the ability
of natural systems to support and nurture life.  To meet this mandate, EPA's research program is
providing data and technical support for solving environmental problems today and building a science
knowledge base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect
our health, and prevent or reduce environment  • •  •
                                         al n'sks in the future.
      The National Risk Management Resear
                                         ch Laboratory is the Agency's center for investigation of
 technological and management approaches fdr reducing risks from threats to human health and the
 environment. The focus of the Laboratory's research program is on methods for the prevention and
 control of pollution to air, land, water and subs jrface resources; protection of water quality in public water
 systems ; remediation of contaminated sites arid ground water; and prevention and control of indoor air
 pollution. The goal of this research effort is to jatalyze development and implementation of innovative
 cost-effective environmental technologies; develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA
to support regulatory and policy decisions; and
ensure effective implementation of environmen
                                        provide technical support and information transfer to
                                        lal regulations and strategies.
      This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory's strategic long-term research plan
It is published and made available by EPA's Office of Research and Development to assist the user
community and to link researchers with their clients.
                                         E. Timothy Oppelt, Director
                                         National Risk Management Research Laboratory
                                             iii

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ABSTRACT
Jhisjport summarizes work conducted at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) John H.
Epast Evaluaaons at Fede
EPA and ,he Strategy Environmental Research
,n cooperaton -h USACE omciais. The
Pollution Prevention Guid*
'al Stes
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Section

CONTACT
DISCLAIMER
FOREWORD
ABSTRACT
FIGURES
TABLES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CONTENTS
1

3
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
1.2 APPROACH TO THE PPOA AT
DESCRIPTION OF JOHN H. KERR DAM
SITE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTIONS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
THE JOHN H. KERR DAM AND RESERVOIR'

AND RESERVOIR
HI
iv
. vi
. vi
vii

1
1
3
ED THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE'RESERVOIR
GENERAL
USAGE ACTIVITIES PERFORM
3.2.1 Description
3.2.2 PPOA Issues ...
NORTH BEND STATE PARK .
3.3.1 Maintenance Facilities
3.3.2 North Bend Recreation Area Campgrounds
?nM™IS2! Bend Wastewater Spray Irrigation Wastewater Treatment Facility'
LONGWOOD PARK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY
3.4.1 Description I
3.4.2 PPOA Issues .. "1
SATTERWHITE POINT STATE PARK
3.5.1 Park Facilities I ..'.'.'".' "
3.5.2 Satterwhite Point State Park Wastewater Treatment Plant
3.5.3 Satterwhite Point State Park Water Treatment
MARINAS
3.6.1 General '.'.'.'.'.
3.6.2 Clarksville Marina ..
RESULTS OF THE PPOA
APPENDIX A MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET S
. 5
. 5
. 5
. 5
. 6
. 6
. 6
15
16
17
17
17
17
17
20
20
21
21
21

26
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Number

1
2
2
3
Pollution Prevention Prograrr
Typical Absorbent Wringer
FIGURES
Page
Overview
.2
11
TABLES
:*the Summer

Summary of Pollution Prevention Recommendations ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
| *••*
..8
.. 9
. 18
.25
VI
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John HKerrUD "" Tp" **"*"* "*
Cobu"! * ReS°UtCe
Coburn »no are smployad a, Satterwhte

and
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
"*
Park
*"*" by *""

E'
Nortn
* «"
and

the useful project guidance and review comm

appreciated.
ents of the EPA Project Officer, Terri Hoagland
are
Agency under Contract No. 68-D2-0181.

VII
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE
The purpose of this project was to conduct a pollution prevention opportunity assessment (PPOA)
of the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE) John H. Kerr Dam and Reservoir and related
facilities in Boydton, Virginia. The assessment was conducted under the Waste Reduction Evaluations
At Federal Sites (WREAFS) Program which is < dministered by the Pollution Prevention Research
Branch, National Risk Management Research laboratory (NRMRL) of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA). The study was conducted in ac :ordance with the EPA manual, Facility Pollution
Prevention Guide (EPA/600/R-92/088), which p-ovides a methodology for assessing facility operations to
identify, evaluate, and implement pollution prevention opportunities.

Pollution prevention in environmental management requires the development of a comprehensive
program which continually seeks opportunities t J implement cost-effective strategies to reduce waste
generation. PPOAs provide detailed assessments of waste streams, options for reducing waste
generation or preventing pollution, and analyses of alternative operating practices which generate less
U/OCf* A Ctflt Iff*A 4 istnnliGf^*^ I ..A. . ._.!_ __ .__*-. j._;_Lj?__ ._ ii »•
waste. Figure 1 identifies key elements contained in a pollution prevention program and shows how a
its of the pollution prevention program are discussed in
PPOA interrelates to the program. The elemen
detail in the Facility Pollution Prevention Guide.
Reservoir and several related facilities. Section
This section discusses the approach for conducting the PPOA at the John H. Kerr Dam and
2 provides a physical description of the John H. Kerr
Dam and Reservoir project. Section 3 discusses operations at the areas of the project reviewed during
the site visit and characterizes pollution prevent! >n issues related to these operations. Section 4
provides a summary of the results of the PPOA.
(MSDS) for relevant chemicals discussed in this
Appendix A contains Material Safety Data Sheets
report.
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Estatotth tie Pofuton Prevention Program
- Ezeokivt Level Decision
• Policy Statement
• Consensus Bultfng
Orgame Program
- Name Task Pore*
- State Goals
i
Complete PreftrtMrtary Assessment
-Col*:lO«U
• EsUbfit
±
Writ* Progrtm Ptan
- Con«id«r Ezttmal Groups
• D«fiot (X|«ctiy»»
• W«ntrfy Poitfttal Obstacict
• 0«v«loo Scficdut*
Complete 0«t«il«d Axsttsment
- Hunt A»*|«*tm»nt T»«m(j)
• Ravicw Data and Sto{«)
-Oganizaand Document Intormabon
±
D»fin« Polutioo Prevention Options
• Propose Option*
- Screen Options
±
Complete Feasibility Analyses
-Ticnmcal
- Environmental
-Econome
I Write Assessment Report
krtplemitnt the Plan
- S*l»cJ Projects
- Obtain Funding
•Intterl
Measure Progrns
- Acquire Data
- Aharyza Results
I Maintain Pollution Prevention Program
I
Figure 1. Pollution preve
i,
ition program overview.
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1.2 APPROACH TO THE PPOA AT THE J OHN H. KERR DAM AND RESERVOIR

This PPOA was conducted to identify pollution prevention opportunities at several reservoir
facilities. The facilities discussed in this PPoA report are: (1) North Bend Park maintenance facility,
spray irrigation water treatment system, marina, and campground, which are all operated by the USAGE;
(2) Longwood Park, which is operated by the USAGE; (3) the pump station at Island Creek Dam. which
is operated by the USAGE; (4) Satterwhite Poiit State Park maintenance facility and wastewater
treatment system, which is operated by the StJte of North Carolina Department of Parks and Recreation;
and (5) the Clarksville Marina, which is operate d by a concessionaire. All of these facilities except
number 3, the pump station at Island Creek Da TI, were visited during a PPOA tour conducted in July.
Due to the number of sites visited in this
assessment, an attempt was made during the
development of this report to ensure that a clear description of pollution prevention opportunities for each
site was presented. This was accomplished by arranging this report in the following fashion. The entire
project is described in Section 2. Section 3. which contains site activity descriptions, includes a
discussion of maintenance and pollution prevention issues relevant to all reservoir and dam facilities in
Section 3.1, with the remainder of Section 3 describing each of the facilities visited. Any pollution
prevention issues specific to individual facilities are discussed in subsections dedicated to each facility in
Section 3. Section 4 presents conclusions regarding pollution prevention opportunities and
recommendations.
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SECTION 2
DESCRIPTION OF JOHI
The John H. Kerr Dam and Reservoir is
H. KERR DAM AND RESERVOIR
located on the Roanoke River 55 miles north of Raleigh,
North Carolina and 100 miles southwest of Richmond, Virginia. The dam and reservoir were authorized
by the Flood Control Act of 1944, and was constructed for flood control and aquatic recreation needs.
Additional purposes of the project include domestic water supply, water supply for hydroelectric power
generation, water quality control, wildlife management, and navigation.

The entire project includes the dam, lake (reservoir), and the Island Creek Pump Station and
Dam. The Dam is located on the Roanoke River about 12 miles southwest of South Hill, Virginia. The
reservoir extends in a northwesterly direction, upstream from the dam and stretches into both Virginia
and North Carolina. The reservoir is contained
in Mecklenberg, Charlotte, and Halifax Counties in
Virginia and Granville, Vance, and Warren Counties in North Carolina. The reservoir is normally about
48,900 surface acres in area, but it can increase to a maximum of 83,200 surface acres when high water
conditions occur. Approximately three quarters
North Carolina. The total length of the reservoir
1,000 miles of shoreline.
of the reservoir's area is in Virginia and one quarter is in
is about 39 miles, which includes approximately
The reservoir contains 29 recreational sit 55 which include 25 campgrounds, three marinas, and
one combination campground and marina. Fifteen of these sites are operated by the USAGE. The
remaining 14 sites are operated by the States or Virginia and North Carolina and by private
organizations.
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SECTION 3
SITE ACTIVITY DESCRIPTIONS
3.1 GENERAL
This section summarizes the activities at
the five facilities investigated during this PPOA and
identifies potential pollution prevention opportunities within these areas. These five facilities are
operated by the USAGE, the State of North Carolina Department of Parks and Recreation, and private
entities. Section 3.2 summarizes activities and Ulution prevention issues applicable to all facilities in
the project, and Sections 3.3 to 3.7 summarize activities and pollution prevention issues applicable to
individual facilities at the project.

3.2 USAGE ACTIVITIES PERFORMED THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE RESERVOIR

3.2.1 Description

USAGE regulations require that some operations be performed uniformly in all areas of the
project. At all five facilities visited, the organization responsible for that facility (e.g.. USAGE, the State of
Virginia) implements these required practices.

USAGE regulations require that all dikes at the reservoir be kept clear of woody vegetation in
order to minimize possible dike failure and premature deterioration. The USAGE uses a licensed
contractor for herbicide (i.e.. Roundup") application to localized areas requiring vegetation control which
is usually performed once a year. The contractoi
offsite.

The USAGE controls aquatic weeds such
contains a surfactant that disrupts aquatic weed c
two years and has not been shown to be harmful
as
hydrilla through the application of Aquithal K. which
growth. Aquithal K has been applied twice in the last
to water quality or other aquatic wildlife.
uses his/her own supply of herbicide which is stored
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Painting operations at the reservoir
five years, boundary markers for up to 200 m
occasionally paint marks on trees to act as
USAGE primarily uses latex-base paints.
trail
facilities primarily involve reservoir boundary markers. Every
les of boundary area are painted. The USAGE will also
markers around the park. For these operations, the
F,na.ly, railroad ties throughout the project are generally composed of pressure treated lumber or
are treated with creosote. The USAGE is cur ently experimenting with replacing these materials with
recycled plastic railroad ties. Preliminary indications are that the material shows good durability
3.2.2 PPOA Issue^

Both herbicide and algicide applications
environment. These activities are only performed
uses latex paints for paint marking rather than
at the project appear to have minimal impact to the
as necessary to control weed growth. The USAGE
oil based paints.
The use of recycled plastic railroad ties appears to be an excellent pollution prevention alternative
to the use of pressure treated or creosote treated lumber. The material performs very well, and there do
not appear to be any technical banners to its O, The USACE,shou.d consider using this material in
such applications wherever possible. In addition, the USAGE is currently experimenting with the use of
recycled plastic picnic tables and benches in several campground facilities.

3.3 NORTH BEND STATE PARK

3-3.1 Maintenance Facilities

3.3.1.1 Description-
Operations that occur at the North Bend Park maintenance facility include upkeep and repair of
equ,pment associated with the recreational use Lreas and resource management facilities, including
water and wastewater treatment plants. Lubricating oils, solvents, and hydraulic fluids are utilized on a
routane basis during equipment operation and maintenance. Additional waste-generating activities
•nclude routine cleaning and equipment upkeep Lnd maintenance. Underground storage tanks (UST.)
once used at the site have been removed and rrotor vehicle fuel is not dispensed on site.
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The USAGE maintains a contract with Safety Kleen Corporation to dispose of used oil antifreeze
paint solvents which are used for paint remova and c.eaning motor vehicle parts, hazardous materials '
parts cleaner, and samples taken from the.lake. Recycling efforts at the maintenance compound include
col.ect.on bins for a.uminum, office paper, and newspaper. Glass and plastic are not recycled since past
rscvclinn Affnrtc foii^/^ rt,,^ *** 1^-1- _* t._. ....
recycling efforts failed due to lack of market de
nand for these materials.
locations: (1) maintenance garage; (2) petroleu
carpentry shop; (5) sign shop; (6) vehicle wash
shed. Specific descriptions and PPOA issues
Eight specific areas within the North Bend maintenance operations were reviewed for this
assessment. PPOA issues were reviewed at tre following North Bend maintenance compound
n/paint storage shed; (3) maintenance warehouse; (4)
area; (7) yard storage; and (8) marine shop and buoy
to each of these activities are provided in the
. -i ^, - - - — — - _. ,. , wv VAVII v iviv*>«? ui w UI WIU^U II
following sections. Table 1 provides an inventok, of hazardous materials stored on site Table 2
provides typical wastes and waste quantities disposed of by Safety Kleen Corporation.

3.3.1.2 Maintenance Garage-

3-3.1.2.1 Description-
The maintenance garage is used for minor repairs, parts cleaning, routine vehicle maintenance
(e.g, o,l changes), metal works and welding operations, minor maintenance operations (e.g., sanding)
and storing small quantities of parts cleaners and used vehicle tires.
Previous USAGE policy required vehicles
to have oil changes every 3,000 miles. Recent changes
• ™ • «•"«• WH Duallyco cvciy o.uuu miies. Kecent c
to the policy now allow for 6,000 miles between oil changes, reducing waste oil generation at the
mamtenance compound. Older model year vehicles may still have more frequent oil changes, however
6.000 mile oil changes are often allowed for newir vehicles based on vehicle manufacturer
specifications. Approximately 50 pounds of oily ags generated during oil changes are disposed of
annually. These are contained in 55-gallon drums, and deposited directly into the Mecklenburg County
Wg,n,a landfill near the project. Used vehicle ba teries are returned to the manufacturer for new
purchases and used tires are sent to the County andfill.
Between three and four 55-gallon drums o;
garage annually. All waste oil generated at this
waste motor oil are generated at the maintenance
facility is disposed of by the Safety Kleen Corporation's
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provides an inventory of hazardous materials stored on site. Table 2 provides typical wastes and waste

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Lexington, South Carolina facility. Safety
disposing of all solvent wastes.
Kleen normally provides the 55-gallon drums used for
During the winter season, ethylene glydol antifreeze is used in toilet facilities and in piping to
prevent toilet bowls from cracking during extremely low temperatures. Between one and three gallons of
antifreeze are used at each toilet facility. A to al of 125 gallons per year of antifreeze is used for this
purpose. Ethylene glycol is considered a toxic compound by the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

3.3.1.2.2 PPOA Issues-
The USAGE has considered the use of synthetic motor vehicle oils rather than conventional
petroleum-based motor oils. Synthetic oils mat allow extending change intervals up to approximately
12,000 miles. However, there is conflicting guidance on the recommended interval for changing
synthetic-based oils in motor vehicles. To judge the economic impacts of synthetic oil use. the cost of
both oils must be compared to the effective life of the products. A 55-gallon drum of synthetic oil costs
approximately four times that of the same quantity of petroleum-based oil. Because the effective life of
synthetic oils appears to be only about twice that of petroleum oils, the increased cost required to
convert to synthetic oils appears to outweigh sj vings resulting from reduced waste disposal costs.

There are two alternatives to the disposal of oily rags used during changeout of motor vehicle
motor oil. One alternative involves using a wringer system to extract most of the waste oil. The rags
could then be reused. A wringer system could te attached to the top of a 55-gallon drum, which would
collect the waste oil when the oiled rags are passed through the wringer. Not only would such a system
reduce the level of solid waste generated at the maintenance compound, it would also reduce the
quantity of rags purchased for such uses. In addition, this waste management technique should require
minimal additional labor from facility personnel. Figure 2 illustrates a typical wringer system. A second
rag management option is to contract with a rag recycling service. This would avoid disposal to a landfill
of rags used only once.
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Figure 2. Typical
absorbent wringer.
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Currently, used vehicle batteries are re
tires are sent to the Mecklenburg County, Virginia
disposal, the facility should consider repairing
recapping manufacturers.
:urned to the manufacturer for new purchases and used
landfill, to reduce the solid waste generated from tire
damaged tires or explore distributing them to tire
One possible alternative to using ethylene glycol as an antifreeze in toilets and piping systems is
propylene glycol. Propylene glycol is a compound which exhibits low toxicity, limited exposure hazards,
and is an excellent antifreeze. It has been successfully used as a deicing compound for aircraft for
many years. It is also gaining popularity as an^ environmentally acceptable alternative to ethylene glycol
when used as an antifreeze in automobile radiktors. There appear to be no recommended occupational
breathing limits for propylene glycol as established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) or the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), although acute
health effects have been documented. PropylLe glycol is not subject to SARA 313 reporting
requirements and is not listed as one of the 189 hazardous air pollutants under section 112(b) of the
Clean Air Act (CAA). The MSDS for propylene glycol is contained in Appendix A.

3.3.1.3 Petroleum and Paint Storage Building-

3.3.1.3.1 Description-
The petroleum and paint storage building is used to store many flammable and hazardous
materials which include bulk 55-gallon drums o
one-gallon containers of paint and waste motor
are also stored in this facility.
r paint solvents, motor vehicle oil. hydraulic oil, diesel oil,
oil. In addition, three- to five-gallon gasoline containers
A parts washer for cleaning metal surfac JS is located in the paint storage area. The parts washer
is also used to strip metal surfaces of paint bef jre repainting. Mineral spirits are used to perform parts
cleaning. These compounds are significant producers of VOCs. About 25 gallons of waste solvent are
disposed of by Safety Kleen Corporation annua
ly. The increased use of latex based paints has reduced
the amount of cleaning solvents and thinners required for stripping operations.
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3.3.1.3.2 PPOA Issues-
The Dupont Company currently manufe cturers two solvents used for cleaning metal surfaces.
The trade names for these solvents are ARA^EL6000~ AND ARAXEL9000". Both solvents have no
ozone depletion potential, are biodegradable,
lot toxic to aquatic life, have low vapor pressures and
resultant VOC emissions, and are not required to be reported under SARA 313. These products may
prove to be effective degreasers for use in USAGE operations.

The USAGE has experimented with biodegradable hydraulic oils. Unfortunately, they have been
unsuccessful in finding effective formulations for use in its operations.

3.3.1.4 Warehouse-

3.3.1.4.1 Description-
The warehouse is used for storing pesticides (3.5 gallon containers of ABATE); sodium hydroxide
solution for potable water pH control; and other non-chemical materials. Pesticides (excluding old, out-
of-date, pesticides) are not stored in bulk quan rties at the maintenance compound and are only stored in
sufficient quantities for short term, local applications. Some old paints, paint thinners, and pesticides are
stored in the warehouse; but these are likely no longer useable.
the
dates
maintenance compound did not always accurately
of hazardous materials (i.e., paints and thinners), in
rised their inventory control system in this area. These
are probably scheduled for disposal in the future.
3.3.1.4.2 PPOA Issues-
The original inventory system used at
reflect quantities and purchase or expiration
storage. However, the USAGE has recently re
outdated materials are now accounted for, and

3.3.1.5 Carpentry Shop-

3.3.1.5.1 Description-
The carpentry shop is used for minor fab ication operations, like wood planing and sawing. Scrap
wood and sawdust are the majority of waste prc ducts on hand. Minor varnishing, paint thinning, and
paintbrush cleaning operations also occur in opL areas at the shop. Safety Kleen Corporation is
contracted to dispose of all used cleaners, varnishes and thinners. All waste is deposited into a single
55-gallon drum.

13
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signs. The USAGE has been using more late:
3.3.1.5.2 PPOA Issues-
Operations in this area appear to be efficient and produce little waste. No improvements in
pollution prevention can be suggested for this area.

3.3.1.6 Sign Shop-

3.3.1.6.1 Description-
The sign shop is used to store various p aints, including paints used for marking trees and trail
based, water soluble paints. This has reduced the need
for additional solvents such as paint thinners and cleaners for painting applications involving oil based
paints.

3.3.1.6.2 PPOA issues-
Operations in this area appear to be effi ;ient and produce little waste. No improvements in
pollution prevention can be suggested for this area.
3.3.1.7 Vehicle Wash Area-
3.3.1.7.1 Description-
The vehicle wash area is an open pavec
whenever vehicles are washed. Non-phospha

3.3.1.7.2 PPOA Issues-
area which is slightly sloped and allows runoff to the lake
e detergents are used for washing vehicles.
Potential oil and grease discharges to the lake may be reduced by controlling the vehicle wash
wastewater. This wastewater should be directed to a sanitary sewer in an approved manner.
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3.3.1.8 YardStorage-

3.3.1.8.1 Description-
The yard storage area is used for storinc both surplus and waste lumber campground erosion
control equipment, and mechanical equipment. The USAGE is currently investigating replacing
traditional treated lumber with recycled plastic material for landscape timbers and picnic tables.
3.3.1.8.2 PPOA Issue?-
Using recycled plastics in landscape timbers
timber, and would allow for the recycling of DOS
excellent pollution prevention option for the USAGE
and picnic tables would reduce the use of virgin
-consumer plastic waste. This would appear to be-an
to pursue.
3.3.1.9 Marine Maintenance Facility-

3.3.1.9.1 DescriDtion-
The marine maintenance facility located at the North Bend maintenance compound is used for
repairing small marine engines, swimming equipment, and buoys. In addition, buoys and small motors
are stored in this area. The marine maintenance area uses some petroleum based cleaners for cleaning
small engine components.
3-3.1.9.2 PPOA Issues-
As discussed in Section 3.2.3.2, the
(ARAXELeOOO™ and ARAXEL90001") which
solvent use. The use of such chemicals would
cleaning.
3-3-2 North Bend Recreation Area Campgroilnris
Dupe nt company currently manufacturers two solvents
app 3ar to be environmentally preferable to traditional
reduce the amount of VOC emissions generated in parts
3.3.2.1 Description-
The North Bend recreation area includes both day use and camping facilities. Recycling efforts at
the campground area consist of collection bins for aluminum. Glass and plastic materials are not
collected at the recreation area due to a lack of r larket demand for these materials. Refuse from visitors
15
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to the campground and day-use area is collec
tons of refuse was collected at the North Benc
generated at the campgrounds is deposited on
inadequate. In addition, recyclable materials i
provided.
ted in individual campsite receptacles. An estimated 675
Park site in the first half of 1994. Much of the waste
the ground and waste receptacles are frequently
i these areas generally are not placed in recycling bins •
3.3.2.2 PPOA Issues-
It is possible that civic organizations
sponsor special waste collection days to
and other suitable locations at the project. As
collection areas for these materials.
and/or environmental groups could be approached to
encourage recycling of cans, glass, and plastic at North Bend
an incentive. USAGE could provide for adequate
3-3-3 North Bend Wastewater Sorav Irrigation Wastewater Treatment Facility
3.3.3.1 Description-
Trie wastewater spray irrigation system
maximum flow of 16,000
capacity of the system will be modified to treat
system transports wastewater from camping
aeration and chlorination provide the first stage
water is pumped to a five-acre spray irrigation
las been in operation since 1976 and processes a
gallons of wastewater per day from North Bend Park. In the future, the
vaste from other areas of the project. The collection
other public use areas to a treatment plant where
of treatment. As soil and weather conditions permit, the
ystem where it undergoes final treatment.
ard
Approximately 300 pounds per year of chlorine
water treatment. A typical chlorine dose of 2-8
adequate treatment and chlorine residual.
3.3.3.2 PPOA Issues-
Other than optimizing chlorine dosage,
little waste. No improvements in pollution
are consumed during the chlorination stage of
mg/L for effluent from the settler is normally required for
operations in this area appear to be efficient and produce
prevention can be suggested for this area.
16
-------
3.4 LONGWOOD PARK WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY
3.4.1 Description

The Longwood Park area is located in tho southwestern part of the reservoir on the Virginia side.
This park operates a wastewater treatment facility that handles wastewater primarily from the
campground area. The water is first treated usihg a sand filtration system. Chlorine tablets are then
applied to the water for disinfection using a perforated tube.
3.4.2 PPOA Issues
Other than optimizing chlorine dosage, operations in this area appear to be efficient and produce
little waste. No improvements in pollution prevention can be suggested for this area.
3.5 SATTERWHITE POINT STATE PARK
3.5.1 Park Facilities
3.5.1.1 Description-
The Satterwhite Point State Park is opera
ed by the North Carolina Department of Parks and
Recreation. The park is located approximately f >ur miles west of Interstate I-85 in Vance County, North
Carolina. The facility covers approximately 390 kcres and boat mooring and repairs and storage
services are made available to the public at the Satterwhite Point marina, which is privately operated
through a sublease agreement with the State. Tie facility also includes about 700 campsites and picnic
facilities. The park operates a maintenance facil ty located nearby. An inventory of materials and
chemicals stored at the facility is provided in Table 3.

Solid waste generated at the park is disposed of by a local contractor. Currently, the Jaycees of
Henderson, North Carolina provide recycling services for plastics and aluminum. Recycling is voluntary
for campers.
The maintenance shop at Satterwhite Poir t
surpluses from the State of North Carolina. Curr jntly
stores used batteries and tires. The used tires are
, used batteries are recycled by the North State
17
-------

TTERWHITE POINT
^
CO
UJ
X
H
<
a
UJ
a
o
/CHEMICALS ST
3
>-
Pi ^*
Sz_ Zj
<0
S<
i. U.
u.
QUJ
il
fc tu
UJ ^

— S
•
UJ
ffl
^~

1
i
£
a

Quantity

c
$
contract disposal - Safety K

g-
2-t?
•Ms
•age (used in a mecha
machine for cleaning
l-f
.C Q
c ^5
o
c

o>
10
•I
<0
D.
TJ
0)
tn
S
£

C C

a) d)
contract disposal - Safety K
contract disposal - Safety Kl

2
— c
at .E
1 f
I R
s (stored in 55 gallon
ntained in one gallon <
I 8

o —
o "5
«- o>
o

"5
%
te motor veh!
Antifreeze

o •—
5 *
= 1 §
dumpsters to local landfil
fract disposal - Waste Industi
cled by North State Battery l<
Wilson, N.C.

30-60 rags/year
9,360 yards /year
40

1 1
tn £> g
•- » -°
>»

ised to adjust pH of potable v
used in WWT system

x 100 pound drums
225 pounds
03

-^
•i
S
•g.
£ .
i (25% sodiui
chlorine
E
o
VI
.9
1
§

surplus excess to State
surplus excess to State

20 gallons
10 gallons

tn
latex paints
il based paini
0

surplus excess to State
unknown

2
25 gallons
fentional size containe
§
CO

I f
1 1
M*

§
a «
sycled by Safety Kleen Corpo
motor vehicle fuel
used in diesel fueled vehicle

x 55 gallon drum
16,671 .2 gallons
743 gallons

2
1 s 1
* 1 8
•1 M

a>
« 1
O 3
= 0
o> o

kerosene
aluminum

dumpster - to landfill
dumpster - to landfill

f-a
1

ties could not be deter
ies could not be deter
W (Q
i- §•
t3 T3
a «
^ X
4) O

1 1
»• 1

ra
3
O
1 at recycle centers located ir
and Wake Counties, N.C.
S
e
$
s

20 pounds

i
a

18
-------
Battery Company located in Wilson, North i
North Carolina.
Cai olina. Excess paint in storage is also from the State of
Maintenance activities at the park include painting buildings and structures (e.g., bath house
facilities, residence offices, and metal structures such as water tanks). Vehicles are usually painted
once a year. The facility is currently expanding its use of latex based paints. A combined inventor/ of
approximately 125 gallons of latex, epoxy and
oil based paints is generally kept on hand. Paint thinners
used for oil based painting applications are also stored on site.

Parts-washing solvents used in vehicle maintenance activities and waste motor oil are disposed of
by Safety Kleen Corporation. At the vehicle sjvice area, waste oil is stored in 55-gallon drums. About
100 gallons are allowed to accumulate before ieing recycled by the vendor. Vehicle oil changes
normally occur at 3,000 mile intervals. However, newer model year vehicles may be allowed 6,000 mile
intervals. Oily rags are disposed of in a dumpier for ultimate disposal at the local landfill. It was
previously noted that oily rags could be recycled through wringers or via a rag recycling contractor.
However, rags are only used at this facility for Lchanics to wipe their hands; paper towels are used for
cleaning during oil changes. The facility uses 2.5- to 5-gallon safety cans for transporting small
quantities of gasoline.

The maintenance facility uses a parts cleaning device called a "mechanic shop" which uses
petroleum based solvents. The device holds 10 gallons of cleaning solvent and requires annual
cleaning. Spent solvents from the cleaning device are disposed of by Safety Kleen Corporation.
Pesticide is applied frequently around ca
localized areas only as required. Pesticides are
the facility which has a UST. The facility will be
(AST) with a secondary containment system in
)ins by a local contractor. These applications occur in
not stored at the facility. Motor vehicles are fueled at
replacing the UST with an aboveground storage tank
he near future.
Ethylene glycol antifreeze is used in toile
cracking during periods of extremely lowtempeiat
OSHA and ACGIH.
facilities and piping to prevent fixtures and piping from
:ure. Ethylene glycol is classified as toxic by both
19
-------
Domestic refuse such as glass, plastic materials and paper are generated in significant quantities
at the facility. Glass and plastic materials musjt be deposited in the local landfill. Paper is recycled on a
quarterly basis at recycling centers located in Durham and Wake Counties, North Carolina. The park
maintains 18 8-cubic yard dumpsters. Much qf
plastic products. Paper recycling efforts have
generated at the State park.
f the waste deposited into these dumpsters is glass and
significantly reduced quantities of domestic wastes
3.5.1.2 PPOA Issues-
Little maintenance is performed at the s te, however, the use of reusable rags may reduce solid
waste generation. It is possible that synthetic >ils could be used in lieu of petroleum based oils during oil
changes, and that propylene glycol would be ajn environmentally preferable alternative to ethylene glycol.
This alternative was further discussed in a Section 3.3.1.2.2.
Further recycling of materials could sic
was further discussed in Section 3.3.2.2.
significantly reduce solid waste generation at the facility. This
3-5-2 Satterwhite Point State Park Wastewater Treatment Planj
3.5.2.1 Description-
The Satterwhite Point State Park operates a wastewater treatment facility that handles
wastewater primarily from the campground arek. The water is first treated using a two-sand filtration
system. The water is then chlorinated and discharged to surface waters.

3.5.2.2 PPOA Issues-
Operations in this area appear to be effic lent and produce little waste. The dosage of chlorine
should be controlled to eliminate excess chemi ;al use.
3-5.3 Satterwhite Point State Park Water Treatm^
3.5.3.1 Description-
A 25 percent solution of sodium
meet the current state water quality standards,
and is applied at the potable water purification
hydroxide (NaOH) is applied to potable well water to adjust pH to
The NaOH is stored at the Satterwhite Point State Park
system located at nearby Nutbush Creek State Park. In
20
-------
general, the NaOH is applied to the potable Water by a submersible pump which pumps water into a
hypermatic tank. Water from this tank is treated with a 5.25 percent liquid chlorine (bleach) solution from
a chemical feed tank system before the water is discharged to the drinking water supply.

3.5.3.2 PPOA Issues-
Operations in this area appear to be efficient and produce little waste. The application rates for
the addition of NaOH and chlorine should be controlled to eliminate excess chemical use.
3.8 MARINAS
3.6.1 General
There are three privately operated mari
near U.S. Highway 58 in Mecklenburg County
las located at the project: (1) Clarksville Marina located
Virginia; (2) Satterwhite Point Marina located at
Satterwhite Point State Park; and (3) Steelecreek Marina located in Vance County, North Carolina.
These marinas provide mooring slips for private boaters and pump-out facilities for removal of wastes
from holding tanks on marine vessels. Due to cost and inconvenient methods of pumping out holding
tanks, the USAGE believes that most boat operators discharge holding tanks directly into the reservoir.
Operations at the Clarksville marina were reviewed during the PPOA visit.
3.6.2 Clarksville Marin?

3.6.2.1 Description-
The Clarksville marina occupies approxi nately six acres of land which is leased to the town of
Clarksvilie, Virginia. The town subleases the marina to a private operator. Activities at the marina
include fishing and boat repairs, sales of boatir g and fishing equipment, and rental of slips.

The marina provides a discharge point t< > the POTW, which allows boats to empty onboard
sewage holding tanks. Currently, boat operators must discharge their holding tanks into a container
located at the dock, and then carry the container approximately 100 feet uphill to the discharge point. A
fee of $20 to $25 is charged by the marina for t iis service. Due to the cost and inconvenience of this
21
-------
system, the USAGE believes that most boat
the lake.
operators simply discharge their holding tanks directly into
marina should establish a formal plan showing
hazardous materials where possible. Currently
shop through services provided by the Eastern
is normally emptied into a 500-gallon container
A recent USAGE environmental compliance assessment conducted at the project noted that the
•ecycling, reuse of materials, and substitution of less
, the marina does not store significant quantities of any
material considered hazardous and recycles waste marine oil generated at the marine maintenance
Oil Company located in Rockville, Virginia. The waste oil
and picked up by the oil company every three months.
Overall, approximately 100 gallons per year of waste oil are recycled at the marina. Marine vessels are
also refueled at marina slips. The USAGE has developed a spill prevention, containment,
countermeasure and contingency plan in the event of spills involving any hazardous materials.

The marina operates a kerosene parts washer. Spent kerosene from this unit is used as a fuel for
a wood stove used at the marina. The actual amount of kerosene used'on a yearly basis could not be
determined. Kerosene is a light fraction removed from crude oil and may emit significant quantities of
regulated air pollutants under various circumstances.
oily
other hazardous material stored onsite is an
a corrosive. This chemical is also stored at the
Other than kerosene and waste oil, the
aluminum boat hull cleaner called ZEP. ZEP is
maintenance shop.

3.6.2.2 PPOA Issues-
Human waste discharged to the reservoir
issues, since these waters are used as a domestic water supply. To help persuade boaters to use the
sanitary sewer for holding tank disposal, manna's should make discharge points easily accessible by
in large volumes raises significant sanitation and health
boaters. In addition, the cost structure must be
fees could be included in boating licenses, and •
altered to ensure boater cooperation. Perhaps sewer
aciiities operating the discharge points could be
compensated from these additional fees. Another method of recouping these costs would be to charge
boaters a fee each time they disembark from a marina. An alternative to the current fee system must be
introduced if sanitary sewer use is to be promoted.
22
-------
As discussed in Section 3.2.3.2, switch
washing chemical would be an acceptable po
development of a formal plan to track reuse
recommended by the USAGE.
ng to an alternate, environmentally preferable parts
lution prevention alternative to current practices. The
and recycling of materials should be considered, as
23
-------
JECTION4
RESULTS OF THE PPOA
There has been substantial cooperation
between Federal, state, local and private organizations
charged with operating campground and marin a facilities throughout the project. Materials used at
various maintenance facilities and marinas at the reservoir considered to be hazardous are well
inventoried and are stocked in quantities too low to pose any significant health threats to the local
environment and communities. However, seve -a! specific areas were identified which could benefit from
pollution prevention efforts. These areas are summarized in Table 4.

Maintaining adequate collection and disposal of refuse at all campgrounds, day-use areas, and
sianificc
marinas throughout the USAGE presents signil
sections of the report, Federal, state, local, and
sant logistical difficulties. As discussed in previous
private organizations must cooperate to provide
adequate waste repositories and maintain a suf icient schedule of waste collection. This waste
collection should allow for the recycling of matei ials wherever possible. Ensuring that adequate
recycling facilities exist is becoming increasingly^ important, as aluminum cans can no longer legally be
disposed of in North Carolina landfills. To furtht r recycling efforts, stiffer penalties should be given to
those individuals who are found littering in vario is areas around the reservoir, and improper can
disposal should be included among these penal ies.
24
-------
TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF POLLJJTION PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS
Site for Activity Description C
Implementation
All locations Railroad tie W
replacement re
"
North Bend State Oily rag generation Di
Park-Maintenance from car oil changes dr
Facilities
North Bend State Antifreeze for toilets Et
Park-Maintenance and piping as
•Facilities, Satterwhite
Point State Park
North Bend State Parts washing and Mi
Park-Maintenance degreasing pa
Facilities, Clarksville
Marina
North Bend State Solid waste M;
Park, Satterwhite separation mj
Point State Park dis
wa
Island Creek Dam Inventory control Ma
and Pump Station ata
irrent Practice
Recommended
Alternative Practice
sod, creosote, and Use recycled plastic ties
jycted plastic tie as much as possible
>!acements
sposal in 55-gallon Wringer system to
"ns recover oil and allow
reuse of rags
>ytene glycol used Use of propytene glycol
an antifreeze instead of ethylene glycol
leral spirits used in Alternative solvent, such
ts washer as various DuPont®
solvents
ny recyclable Encourage recycling,
terials are allow civic groups to
aosed of as solid collect recyclables,
ste provide bins
terials are not Ensure adequate
ays accounted for recordkeeping, allow
ana can be allowed to unneeded chemicals to

Clarksville Marina Human waste
and other marinas disposal

expire

Boaters must haul
wastes up hill and
pay fee
1
be distributed

Put sewer hookups near
boats, recoup fee in a
less direct method

Benefits of
Alternative
Reduces use
of virgin
materials
Reduces
amount of oil
and rags
consumed
Much lower
toxicity
Reduced VOC
emissions
Reduced solid
waste
generation
Reduced solid
and
hazardous
waste
generation
Reduce
unsanitary
waste
disposal
25
-------
APPENDIX A

MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS
26
-------
OEtt-MILU hi
C58:
:5
PRODUCT #: 10246-6 NAMB: BTHYLRNB GLYCOL, 99*%
MATERIAL pA?BTY DATA SHBBT, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
PrinteJ Monday, August 01, 1994 10:05AM
Sigma Chemical Co.
P.O. Box 14508
St. LcuiB, HO 63178
Phone: 314-771-5765
SECTION 1. --•....
PRODUCT t: 10246-6
BTHANBDIOL « ETHAKE-
Aldrich Chemical Co.
1001 West St. Paul
Milwaukee, WI 53233
Phone: 414-273-3850
Pluka Chemical Corp
980 South Second St
Ronkonkoraa, NY 1177
Phone: 516-467-0980
Emergency Phone: 516-467-3535
CHEMICAL IDRHTIPICATION-
NAMB: BTmfLBNB GLYCOL, 99+%
SECTION 2. ----- COMPOSITION/INFORMATION CN INGREDIENTS
CAS #:107-21-1
MF: C2H602
SYNONYMS
ATHYLBNGLYKOL (GBRMAK) * 1,2-DIHYDROXYBTHAN2 * 1.2-ETHANDIOL * 1,2-
1,2-DIOL * BTHYLSNB ALCOHOL * BTHYLBNS DIHYDRATE •
ETHYLB;S GLYCOL (ACGIH.OSHA) * GLYCOL • GLYCOL ALCOHOL * urrROL-9 *
. MACROGOL 400 BPC * K.E.G. * MCNOBTHYLBNB GLYCOL * NCI-C00920 *
NORKOOL • TBSCOL * DpWTHBRM SR 1 * UCAR 17 *
SECTiOM 3. •"- HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
LABEL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
TOXIC (USA DEFINITION)
HARMFUL (BVROPBAN DBPINITION)
HARMFUL BY INHALATION, IH CONTACT WITH SKIH AND IP SWALLOXBD.
IRRITATING TO BYES,
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND SKIN.
REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD.
TARGET ORGAN (S) :
KIDNBYS
LIVER
IH CASE OP ACCIDENT JDR IP YOU PEEL UNWBLL, SBBK MEDICAL ADVICB
IWBDIATELY (SHOW THE LABEL WKBSB POSSIBLE) .
IN CASE OP CONTACT WJITK EY3S, RINSB IMMEDIATELY WITH PLENTY OP
WATER AND SBBK MEDICAL ADVICB.
WEAR SUITABL3 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. GLOVBS AND BYE/PACE
PROTECTION.
FIRST-AID MEASURES-
SBCTION 4.
IN CASE OP CONTACT,
AMOUNTS OP HATES FOR
IMMEDIATELY PLUSH BYES OR SKIN WITH COPIOWS
AT LEAST 15 MINUTES HHIL8 REMOVING CONTAMINATED
CLOTHING AND SHOES.
IP INHALED, RBMOVB TO FRESH AIR. IP NOT BREATHING GIVE ARTIFICIAL
RESPIRATION. IP BRBAJIB1W3 IS DIPPICULT, GIVE OXYGEN.
IP SWALLOWED. WASH OUT MOUTH WITH WATER PROVIDED PERSON IS CONSCIOUS
CALL A PHYSICIAN. .
WASH CONTAMINATED CLOTHING BBPORB REUSE.
:LOTHI
Page 1
27
-------
OCM-MILM U
X. 1934 4:3**!
16
PRODOCT f: lj0246-6_. : NAME: BTHYLSNS GLYCOL 99*%
MATERIAL S^AJTmr DATA SHEET. Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Monday.;August 01, 199< 10:05AM
FIRE, FIGHTING MEASURES
SECTION 5.
EXTINGUISHING MBDIA
HATER SPRAY.
CARBON DIOXIDE. DRY CHSMICAL 'PONDS* OR APPROPRIATE FOAM
SPECIAL FIRBFIGHtlNG PROCEDURES !
KHAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING! APPARATUS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TO
PREVENT CONTACT WITH SKIN AND! BYES.
UNUSUAL FIRB AND EXPLOSIONS HAZARDS
EMITS TOXIC FDMSS OTOBR PIRB CONDITIONS
SECTION 6.
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
WEAR RESPIRATOR, CHBMICAL SAFETY GOGGLES. RUBBER BOOTS AND HEAVY
RUBBER GLOVES.
ABSORB ON SAND OR VEKMICULITEJ AND PLACE IN CLOSED CCNTAIKERS FOR
DISPOSAL. i
^ VENTILATE ARKA AND WASH SPILLiSITE AFTER MATERIAL PICKOP IS COMPLETE
SECTION 7. HAilDLING AND STORAGE
REP2R TO SECTION 8.
SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
WEAR APPROPRIATE NIOSN/MSHA-APPROVED RESPIRATOR, CHBMICAL-RESISTANT
GLOVES. SAFETY GOGGLBb, OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
MECHANICAL EXHAUST REQUIRED. '
SAFETY SHOWER AND EYE
DO NOT BREATHS VAPOR.
AVOID CONTACT WITH BYES, SKIN AND CLOTHING
WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER
TOXIC.
IRRITANT.
REPRODUCTIVE HAZARD.
KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.
HYGROSCOPIC
STORE IN A COOL DRY PLACE.
BATH.
HANDLING.
SECTION 9.
APPEARANCE AND ODOR I
VISCOUS COLORLESS LIQUID
BOILING POINT: 196 C TO 198 C
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
MELTING POINT: -13 C
FLASHPOINT >230
> 109C
AUTOIGNITION T3KPBRATURS:
UPPER EXPLOSION LEVEL\
LOWER EXPLOSION LEVBLJ
VAPOR PRESSURE: Q.08MM 20 C
VAPOR DENSITY: 2.1
399C
15.3%
3.2%
Page 2
28
-------
OEM-MILK U
TO:9P19199687557
1. 1994 *:"35P"i C58J P. 17
PRODUCT*: 3:0246-6 NAME: BTHYLBNB GLYCOL, 99*%
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET. Valid 3/94 - 10/94
Printed Monday. August 01, 1994 10:05AM
1.113
- -STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
SECTION 10. -----
INCOMPATIBILITIES
STRONG OXIDIZING AGENTS
STRONG BASES
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
CARBON MONOXIDE. CARBON DIOXIDB
SECTION 11. TOXICOLOOICAL INFORMATION -
ACUTE EFFECTS
HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED INHALED. OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN.
VAPOR OR MIST IS IRRITATING TO THB BYES, MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND VPPBR
RESPIRATORY TRACT.
CAUSES SKIN IRRITATION.
MAY CAUSE NERVOUS SYSTEM DISTURBANCES.
PROLONGED EXPOSURE CAN CAUSE:
NAUSEA. HEADACHE AND
VOMITING
CHRONIC EFFECTS
MAY CAUSE REPRODUCTIVE DISORDERS.
TARGET ORGAN (S) :
LIVER, KIDNEYS
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION I
WEEN INGESTED EARLY s|YMPTOMS MIMIC ALCOHOL INEBRIATION AND ARK
FOLLOWED BY NAUSEA, V.OMITIM3. ABDOMINAL PAIN, KBAKNBSS, MUSCLE
TENDERNESS, RESPIRATORY FAILURE, CONVULSIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE,
PULMONARY EDEMA. HYPO^ALCEMIC TBTANY AND SEVERE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS.
WITHOUT TREATMENT. DEATH MAY OCCUR IN 8 TO 24 HOURS. VICTIMS VWO
SURVIVE THB INITIAL TOXICITY PERIOD USUALLY DEVELOP R3NAL FAILURE
ALONG WITH BRAIN AND
RTBCS NO: KW2975000
BTHYLBNB GLYCOL
IRRITATION DATA
EYE-RAT 12 MO/M3/3D
SKN-RBT 555 MG OPEN MLD
BYE-RBT 500 MG/24H Mllo
EYS-RBT 100 M6/1H MLD
BYB-RBT 12 MO/M3/3D
BYE-RBT 1440 *KS/6H MOD
TOXICITY DATA
J)RL-HMN LDLO:786 MG/KG
^ORL-HMN LDLO:398 MG/Kb
"giR-MAN LDLO:1637 MG/JKG
ORL-RAT LD50;«700 MG/XG
LIVER DAMAGE.
TXAPA9 16,646,70
UCDS** 7/21/65
C5JCAE -.205,86
NTIS** LMF-69
TXAPA9 16,646,70
BUYRAI 31,25,77

BJTXAZ 9,373,76
SMBZA5 26 (2),48,83
8SDCAI 2,73,70
OTPZAB 26(65,28,82
Page 3
29
-------
OEM-MILU fcI
I. 1934 4:35P~l C581
. 16
PRODUCT I: 10246-S NAMB: *THYLBNB GLYCOL 99,%
MATBRIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET. Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Monday, August 01, 1994 10:05AK
IHL-RAT LCSO:10876 MG/KG
IPR-RAT LD50:5010 Kol/KG
SCU-RAT LD50:2800 MGl/KG
IVN-RAT LD50:3260 MG/KG
WR-RAT LD50:13 GM/KG
ORL-MUS LD50:S500 MG^KG
IPR-MUS LD50:5614 MG/KQ
IVN-MUS LDSO:3 GM/KG
UNR-MUS LD50.-8050 MG/KG
•, }/tf^m
OISAAA 39{9),106,74
KRKROT 9.36.81
NPIRT* 1.49.74
KRKRDT 9,36,81
GISAAA 33 (3). 16. 68
GISAAA 32 (3). 31, 67
P8PRA7 6.342,47
GISAAA 33 (3), 16, 68
RHVEAG 154,137.78
RMVSAG 154.3.37,78
34ZIAG -,731.69
GISAAA 33 (3) ,16, 68
JIHTAB 23,259.41
GISAAA 33 (3). 16, 68
ORL-DOG LD50:S500
ORL-CAT LD50:1650 HG/KG
SKN-RBT LD50:9530 MGJKG
UNR-RBT LD50:S017 MG/KG
OSL-GPG LD50:6610 MG/KG
UNR-GPG LD50:11150 MG/KG
TARGET ORGAN DATA I
PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION (SBNSORY CHANGE INVOLVING
BEHAVIORAL (CONVULSIONS OR BFFBCT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD)
BEHAVIORAL (MUSCLE WBAKNBSS)
BEHAVIORAL (COMA) • .
. BEHAVIORAL (HEADACHE)
GASTROINTESTINAL (HYPBRMOTILITY. DIARRHEA)
GASTROINTESTINAL (NAds-EA OR VOMITING)
LIVSR {OTHER CHANGES)
KIDNEY, URBTBR, BLADDER (RBKAL FUNCTION TESTS DBPR3SSBD)
KIDNEY, URBTBR. BLADDBR (OTHBR CKANG3S)
ENDOCRINE (HYPOGLYCBMIA)
BLOOD (OTHBR CHANGES) |
BFFBCTS OP CHEMICAL SUBSTANCBS
SBRVB
N8RVB
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
SECTION 12.
DATA NOT YET AVAILABLE.
SECTION 13. - - ..... I. . DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS --- ___ ....
DISSOLVE OR MIX TBB MATERIAL WITH A COMBUSTIBLE SOLVBNT AND BURN IN A
WITH AN APTERBURNBR AND SCRUBBER
INCINKRATOR
14. ...... . . . . TRANSPORT INFORMATION
ALDRICT O1™1^ COMPANY FOR TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION.
--------- RHGULATORY INFORMATION ------
REVIEWS. STANDARDS, AND REGULATIONS
ACG1B TLV-CL 50 PPM, VAPOR 85INA8 6 612 91
EPA FIFRA 3.988 PESTICIDE SDBJBCT TO REGISTRATION OR

Page 4
30
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O€M-MILU U

PRODUCT f: 1
MATERIAL
Printed
FERBAC 54,7740.89
MSHA STANDARD-AIR :THA
TOS9P19199687557
PUG I. 1994 4:36P~! tsei P. 19
>246-6 NAME: gTHYLBNS GLYCOL. 99*%
DATA SESBT, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Monday. August 01, 1994 aC:05AM
D7LWS* 3,19,73
OSHA PEL FINAL :CL SO
I
10 MG/M3 (PARTICULATB)

PPM (125 MG/M3)
PBRSAC 54,2923,89
OBL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 60 toG/K3;ST3L 120 M3/M3 JAN93
OBL-BELGIUM:STBL SO PPM (127 MG/M3) JAN93
OEL-DENMARK :STBL 5C F,PM (130 HO/JO) JAN93
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 10 MG/M3 JAK93
OgL-FmiAND:TWA 10 MCS/M3;STBL 20 MG/M3 JAN93
OKL-PIHLANDsTKA 50 PPM (125 MC/M3) ;STBL 75 PPM (190 M3/M3) JAN93
OEL-PRANCB.-STE^ 50 PPM (125 MG/M3) JAN93
DEL-HUNGARY:STEL 50 WG/M3.-SKIN JAN93
OBL-THE NBTHBRLANDS.-T]WA 10 MG/M3 JAH93
OBL-THE H2THBRLANDS:T]WA 50 PPM (125 MG/M3) JAN93
OBL-RUSSIA:STBL 5 MG/M3 JAN93
OEL-S«EDBN:TWA 50 PP^ {130 MG/M3);STEL 75 PPM (190 MG/H3> JAN93
DEL-SWITZERLAND: TWA 1 MG/M3 JAN93
OBL-SWITZBRIAND:TWA 50 PPM <125 MG/M3) JAN93
OBL-ONITED KIW3DOM:TWA 10 MG/M3 JAH93
OBL-DNITED KIMGDOM:TWA 60 MG/M3.-STBL 125 W3/M3 JAN93
OEL IN BUU3ARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA CHECX ACX3IH TLV
OBL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIBTHAM CHBCK ACGIH TLV
NOHS 1974: HZD 32385,
NOES 1983: H2D 32385;
NIS 308; TNF 69314; NOS 174; TKB 743782
NIS 306,- TUP 82823; NOS 204; TKB 1207956; TPE
365158
SPA GBMBTOX PROGRAM 1968. NEGATIVE: CELL TRANSFORM.-SA7/SHE; N
CRASSA-ANBUPLOIDY
EPA GBNBTOX PROGRAM 1J988, NBGATIVE: HISTIDINB RBVKRSION-AKBS 'IfBST
EPA GENBTOX PROGRAM 1J988, INCONCLUSIVE: 0 MBLANOGASTBR-WHOLE SBX CHROM
LOSS
EPA GBNETOX PROGRAM 1888, INCOHCLUSIVB: D MBLANOGASTBR-NONDIS^rUNCTION
BPA TSCA CHEMICAi INVENTORY, JTOJB 1993
BPA TSCA SECTION 8(B)j STATUS REPORT 8SHQ-0485-OS52
ON BPA IRIS DATABASK
EPA TSCA TBST SUBMISSION (TSCATS! DATA BASE, JANUARY 1994
NTOSH AHALYTICAI. MBTHO0S: SBB 8THYL2NB GLYCOL, 5500
NTP CARCINOGBNESIS STUDY (PBED);NO EVIDBMCB:MOUSE
NTPTR* NTP-TR-413,93|
THIS PRODUCT IS SUBJECT TO SARA SECTION 313 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
SECTION 16. ------ -| - - - OTHER INFORMATION , ...
THE ABOVE INFORMATION IS BBLIBVED TO BE CORRECT BUT DOBS NOT PURPORT TO
BB ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHALL BB USED ONLY AS A GUIDE. SIGMA, ALDRICH,

Pag» S
31
-------
PRODUCT f:
MATSRIAL
Printed
TO:9P19199687557
1. 1994 4:36P~1 6561 P. 20
10246-6 NAME: rTHYLENB GLYCOL,
PSTY DATA SHKBT, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Monday, August 01, 1994 10:05AM
FLUKA SHAU, NOT BE HELD LIABI/B FOR ANY DAMAGB RBSULTING FROM
OR FROM CONTACT WITH THE A3OVB PRODUCT. SBB RBVBRSE S.IDB OF INVOICE OR
PACKING BLIP FOR ADDITIONAL TBRMS AND CONDITIONS OP SALE.
COPYRIGHT 1994 6IGMA CHSHICAL CO., ALDR.ICH CHKMICAL CO., INC..
FLUKA CHSMIB AG j
LICENSE GRANTBD TO KAJCB UNLIMITED PAPBR COPI1S FOR INTERNAL USB ONLY
Page 6
32
-------
RO1:(*_DR]CH OEM-HILU kl
TO:9P19199687557
«JG
1934
PRODUCT*: 13436-8 NAME: 1,2-PROPANZDIOL, 99*
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA. SH3BT, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed'Monday, August 01. 1994 10:04AM
Sigma Chemical Co.
P.O. Box 14508
St. Louis. MO 63178
Phone: 314-771-5765
Aldrich Chenical Co.
1C01 West St. Paul
Milwaukee, Hi 53233
Phone: 414-273-3850
FluJca Chesucal Corp
980 South Ssccni St
RorJconkotna, NY 1177
Phone: 516-467-0980
Btn*rgency Phone: 516-467-3535
-CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION- - - -
NAM3: 1.2-PROPANKDIOL, 99%
COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
SECTION 1 -
PRODUCT «: 13436-8
SECTION 2. - - -
CAS 8:57-55-6
MF: C3H802
SYNONYMS
1,2-DIHYDROXYPROPANB * DOWFROST * HBTHYLETHYL3NB GLYCOL * METHYL
GLYCOL * MONOPROPYL3NB GLYCOL * PG 12 * PROPANE-1,2-DIOL * PRCPYLEM2
GLYCOL * PROPYLENE GLYCOL USP « ALPHA-PROFYLSNBGLYCOL * 1.2 - PROPYLSNB
GLYCOL « l,2-PROPYL2ilGLYlCOL (GERMAN) * SIRLSNB * SOLAR KINTBR BAN •
TRIMBTHYL GLYCOL *
SBCT10M 3. * " " HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION*
IABBL PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS
HARKPUL I
HASHyOL BY INHALATION AND IF SWALLOWED.
BEAR SUITABLE PROTECTIVE CLOTHING.
HYGROSCOPIC
SECTION 4. I " " * PIRST-AID MEASURES
FLUSH SKIN KITH WATER.
CONTAMINATION OF THE SYSS SHOULD BE TREATED BY IMMEDIATE AND PROLONGED
IRRIGATION WITH COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF XATER.
IP INHALED, REMOVE TO FRESH AIR.
IP SWALLOWED, WASH OUT KOUTH WITH HATBR PROVIDED PERSON IS CONSCIOUS.
CALL A PHYSICIAN.
FIRS FIGHTING MEASURES
SECTION 5. - - - - -
EXTIXGOISHING MEDIA
HATER SPRAY.
CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY CHEMICAL POWDER OR APPROPRIATE POAM.
SPECIAL 7IRSPIGHTING PROCEDURES
HEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS AND PROTECTIVE CLOTHING TO
PREVENT CONTACT WITH SKIN AND BYBS.
SECTION 6. - - - - - - - - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES- -'-------
KBAR RESPIRATOR, CHEMICAL SAFETY GOGGLES, RUBBER BOOTS AND BSAVY
RUBBER GLOVES.
ABSORB ON SAND OR VEP
DISPOSAL.
RMICULITB AND PLACE I» CLOSED CONTAINERS FOR
Page 1
33
-------
FROi:<*_DRJCH O-Ett-MtLW kt
TO:9P1919968V557
1994
CS8;
!2
PRODUCT f: 1J3436-S NAME: 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 99%
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHBST. Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
;H SPILL SITB AFTER MATERIAL PICKUP IS COMPLETE.
• - HANDLING AND STORAGE -
VENTILATE AREA AND
SBCTION •». -
REFER TO SECTION 8. ,
SBCTION 8. SXPOSORB CONTROLS/PSRSONAL PROTBCTION
CHEMICAL SAFETY GOGGLBS.
USB PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. GLOVES AND MASK.
SAFETY SHOHBR AND EYB BATH.
MECHANICAL EXHAUST RISQUIRBD.
DO NOT BREATHS VAPORl
AVOID CCNTACT WITH BYES, SKIN AND CLOTHING.
WASH THOROUGHLY AFTBR HANDLING.
HARMFUL LIQUID.
KEEP TIGHTLY CLOSED.
HYGROSCOPIC
STORE IN A COOL DRY JPLACB.
SECTION 9.------- PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
APPEARANCE AND ODOR
VISCOUS COLORLESS LIJQUID
BOILING POINT: 187 C
MELTING POINT: -60 C
FLASHPOINT 225 F
107C I
AUTOIGNITION TEMPERATURE: 779 F
UPPER EXPLOSION LEVEL:
LOWER EXPLOSION LEVEL:
414C
12.5%
2.6%
2.62
VAPOR PRESSURE:
VAPOR DENSITY:
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
SECTION 10. - - - - -
INCOMPATIBILITIES
ACID CHLORIDES
ACID ANHYDRIDES
OXIDIZING AGENTS
CHLOROFORMATES
REDUCING AGENTS
HAZARDOUS COMBUSTION OR
TOXIC FUMES OF:
CARBON MONOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE
0.08MM 20 C
1.036
- -STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS
SECTION 11. - - - - -
ACUTE EFFECTS
HARMFUL IF INHALED OR SWALLOWED.
MAY CAUSE BYB IRRITATION.
HAY CAUSE SKIN IRRITATION.
TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Page 2
34
-------
O€H-MILU LI
TO:9P19199687557
C531 - :3
PRODUCT #: 13436-8 NAM8: 1, 2-PROPANBDIOL, 99%
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SRSET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed
EXPOSURE CAN CAUSE:
GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCES
KAUSBA, H3ADACHE AND
Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
VOMITING
CNS DEPRESSION
RTBCS HO: TY2000000
1.2-PROPANEDIOL
IRRITATION DATA
SKN-HMN 500 MG/7D MLD
SKN-HMN 104 MG/3D-I HOD
SKN-MAN 10*/2D
BYE-RBT 100 MG MLD
SYE-RBT 500 MG/24H MLD
TOXICITY DATA I
CRL-RAT LD50:20 GM/KG
IPR-RAT LD50:6660 MGJKG
SCU-RAT LD50:22500 MG/KG
IVN-RAT LB50:6423 MGJJCG
IMS-RAT LD50:14 GM/KG
ORL-MOS LD50:22 GM/KG
IPR-MUS LD50:9718 MGJKG
SCU-MUS LD50:17370 MG/KG
IVN-MUS LD50:663C VGl/f.G
ORL-DOG LD50:22 GM/KG
IVN-DOG LD50:26 GM/KG
ORL-RBT LD50:18500 MG/XG
SKN-RBT LD50:20800 M^/KG
ORL-GPG LD50:18350 MG/XG
ORL-QAL LD50:>2080 MG/KG
TARGET ORGAN DATA
EFFECTS ON PBRTILITV
BFFBCTS ON EMBRYO OR
JIDEAB 55,190,70
85DKA8 -.127,77
JIDBA3 19,423,52
FCTOD7 20,573,82
85JCAB -,206,8€
TXA?A9 45.362,78
KRKRDT 9,36,81
IAEC** 17JUN74
ARZNAD 26,1581,76
IABC*« 17JTJN74
JPBTAB 65.89.39
FEPRA7 6,342,47
KRKRDT 8,46,81
ARZMAD 26,1581,76
JIHTAB 21,173,39
NTIS** PB280-477
FAOKAU 53A,491,74
NPIRI* 1,101,74
JIHTAB 23,259,41
BESADV 6,149,82
(POST-IMPLANTATION MORTALITY)
FBTOS {FBTOTOXICITY)
ONLY SELECTED REGISTRY OF TOXIC EFFECTS OF CESKICAL SUBSTANCES
(RTBCS) DATA IS PRESiSNTBD HERE. SEE ACTUAL ENTRY IN RTBCS FOR
COMPLETE INFORMATION.
SECTION 12. r~~ ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
DATA NOT YBT AVAILABLE.
SECTION 13. - - -- - -}-- - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
DISSOLVB OR MIX THE MATERIAL KITH A COMBUSTIBLE SOLVENT AND BURN IN A
CHEMICAL INCINERATOR EQUIPPED WITH AN AFTERBURNER AND SCRUBBER. .
OBSERVE ALL FEDERAL. STATE AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS.
SECTION 14. ------ |- ... TRANSPORT INFORMATION -
CONTACT ALDRICH .CHEMICAL COMPANY FOR TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION.
SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
35
-------
OEH-MILU U!
PLG 1. 1994 «:33>l 658: P.
PRODUCT 8: 13436-8 NAME: 1,2-PROPANEDIOL, 99%
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET, Valid 8/94 - 10/94
Printed Monday, August 01, 1994 10:04AM
1
REVIEWS, STANDARDS, AM) pSULATIONS
BPA PIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJBCT TO REGISTRATION OR R8-RBGISTRATION
FBREAC 54,7740,89
NOHS 1974: HZD 6352SJ NIS 323; TK7 83144j NOS 224; TNB 1494455
NOES 1983: HZD 63525J NIS 320; TNF 79614; NOS 233; TNZ 1840941; TFE
837782
BPA GBNBTOX PROGRAM 1988, NEOATIVB: SHB-CLONAL ASSAY
BPA TSCA CHEMICAL, INVENTORY, JUNE 1993
BPA TSCA SECTION 8(8 STATUS REPORT 8EHQ-0178-0041
ON EPA IRIS DATABASB
BPA TSCA TEST SUBMISSION (TSCATS) DATA BASS, JANUARY 1994
OTHER INTORMATIOH-
SECTION 16.
THB ABOVB INFORMATION IS

BELIEVED TO BS CORRECT BUT DOBS NOT PURPORT TO
BB ALL INCLUSIVE AND SHAJi BE USED ONLY AS A GUIDB. SIGMA, ALDRICT,
FLUKA SHALL NOT B8 HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DAHAGB RBSULT1NG PROM HANDLING
OR FROM CONTACT WITH THE ABOVE PRODUCT. SBS REVERSE SIDB OF INVOICE OR
PACKING SLIP FOR ADDITIONAL TERMS AMD CONDITIONS OF SALB.
COPYRIGHT 1994 SIGMA CHSMICAL CO., ALDRZCH CHBMICAL CO., INC.,
FLUKA CEBKI2 AG
LICENSE GRANTBB TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAP3R COPIBS FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY
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