United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Research and
Development
Washington DC 20460
EPAJ6QO/R-98/044
April 1998
Leaching of Metals from
Household Plumbing
Materials: Impact of Home
Water Softeners
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EPA/600/R-98/044
April 1998
Leaching of Metals from
Household Plumbing Materials:
Impact of Home Water Softeners
by
Thomas J. Sorg
Michael R. Schock
Darren A. Lytle
Water Supply and Water Resources Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Disclaimer
The information in this document has been funded in part by the Water Quality
Association through an agreement with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under the
provision of the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986. It has been subject to the Agency's
peer and administrative review, and it has been approved for publication as an EPA document.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
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Foreword
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress with protecting the
Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the
Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between
human activities and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this
mandate, EPA's research program is providing data and technical support for solving
environmental problems today and building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our
ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health and prevent or reduce
environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory is the Agency's center for
investigation of technological and management approaches for reducing risks from threats to
human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory's research program is on
methods for the prevention and control of pollution to air, land, water and subsurface resources:
protection of water quality in public water systems; remediation of contaminated sites and
groundwater; and prevention and control of indoor air. The goal of this research effort is to
catalyze development and implementation of innovative, cost-effective environmental
technologies: develop scientific and engineering information needed by EPA to support regulatory
and policy decisions; and provide technical support and information transfer to ensure effective
implementation of environmental regulations and strategies.
This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory's strategic long-term
research plan. It is published and made available by EPA's Office of Research and Development
to assist the user community and to link researchers with their clients.
E. Timothy Oppelt, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
m
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Abstract
A pilot plant study was conducted by the Water Supply and Water Resources Division
(WSRSD), NRMRL, Cincinnati, OH, to evaluate the effects of household ion exchange softening
on the leaching of metals from home plumbing materials. The study was conducted in two phases
on two different water qualities. Phase I was conducted at the Bolton Water Treatment Plant
(BWTP), Cincinnati, OH using their lime softened finished tap water having a hardness of 160
mg/L (as CaCO3) and a pH of 9.1. Phase II was conducted at the Indian Hill, OH Water
Treatment Plant (EHWTP) using their raw source water; a ground water having a hardness of 300
mg/L (as CaCO3) and pH around 7.3.
Each pilot plant consisted of two pipe loop systems, each system having duplicate loops of
lead pipe, copper-solder pipe, copper tubing, and brass faucets. In Phase I, the pilot system also
included duplicate galvanized pipe loops. One pipe loop system was used as a control system and
was fed the source water and the second system was the test system and fed the same water
softened with a household ion exchange water softener.
Pilot plant operation consisted of an intermittent water flowing period followed by a
standing period each day. Approximately 105 gallons of water flowed intermittently through each
pipe loop and approximately 55 gallons through each faucet. Twice per week, water samples
were collected from the systems. First, a flowing water sample was collected before the control
and test water system immediately prior to the standing water period to characterize the control
and test waters. After a standing period, water samples were collected from each loop and faucet
to determine the amount of metal leaching form the loops and faucets.
Although the pilot studies were conducted for over 16 months, the metal leaching data
showed that stabilization did not occur with many of the pipe loops. Furthermore, the data from
the duplicate pipe loops frequently could not be paired. For these reasons, analysis of the metal
leaching data using statistical methods was limited. Data evaluation, therefore, was conducted
primarily by visual examination of plotted (graphics) data.
Considering the metal leaching data as a whole, the ion exchange softened water did not
show a pattern of higher metal leaching from the plumbing materials. Furthermore, the water
softener did not have a detrimental effect on the significant water quality parameters that influence
metallic solubility and the rate of corrosion: pH, total inorganic carbon (TIC), dissolved oxygen,
chlorine, temperature and ortho-phosphate. The test results suggested, therefore, that ion
exchange softening will not necessarily increase the corrosivity of the water. Because the pilot
tests were conducted on only two water qualities and because many chemical and physical
characteristics can affect corrosiveness, these results cannot be extrapolated to all water qualities.
This report covers a period from November 1994 to March 1996, and the work was completed by
September 1996.
IV
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Contents
Foreword
Abstract .
Tables
Figures x
Abbreviations xii
Acknowledgements xiii
1. Introduction • 1
2. Objectives 2
3. Materials and Procedures 3
3.1 Source Water 3
3.2 Pipe Loop Systems ; 5
3.3 Piping Material and Faucets 6
3.3.1 Lead Pipe g
3.3.2 Copper Tubing 6
3.3.3 Soldered Copper Pipe 6
3.3.4 Galvanized Steel Pipe 9
3.3.5 Faucets 9
3.4 Water Softeners 9
3.5 System Operation 10
3.6 Water Sampling and Data Collection 13
3.7 Analytical Procedures 13
3.7.1 Chemical Analyses 13
3.7.2 Pipe Surface Analysis 15
3.7.3 Quality Assurance 15
3.7.4 Data Analysis 15
4. Test Results 16
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4.1 Phase I Study 16
4.1.1 Sampling Days ...... 16
4.1.2 Water Usage , 16
4.1.3 Source Water Quality 18
4.1.3.1 pH . is
4.1.3.2 Temperature .... 18
4.1.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen .. 18
4.1.3.4 Hardness , 18
4.1.3.5 Phosphate . -. 18
4.1.3.6 Chlorine 25
4.1.3.7 Total Inorganic Carbon .. 25
4.1.4 Non-Softened/Softened Water Quality , , 25
4.1.5 Metal Leaching 25
4.1.5.1 Data Analysis 27
4.1.5.2 Lead Leaching 27
4.1.5.2.1 Lead Pipe 27
4.1.5.2.2 Copper Soldered Pipe 30
4.L5.2.1 Faucets 30
4.1.5.3 Copper Leaching 30
4.1.5.3.1 Copper Tubing 30
4.1.5.3.2 Copper Soldered Pipe 30
4.1.5.3.3 Faucets 30
4.1.5.4. Zinc Leaching . .35
4.1.5.4.1 Galvanized Loops 35
4.1.6 Pipe Surface Analyses '. 35
4.2 Phase H Study 35
4.2.1 Sampling Days 35
•4.2.2 Water Usage , 35
. 4.2.3 Source Water Quality 38
VI
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4.2.3.1 Temperature 38
4.2.3.2 Dissolved Oxygen .......;.. 38
4.2.3.3 Chloride 38
4.2.4 Non-Softened/Softened Water Quality .... ;....... 38
4.2.5 Metal Leaching 46
4.2.5.1 Data Analysis 46
4.2.5.2 Lead Leaching ... ; 46
4.2.5.2.1 Lead Pipe 46
4.2.5.2.2 Copper Soldered Pipe ... 46
4.2.5.2.3 Faucets 46
4.2.5.3 Copper Leaching ; 46
4.2.5.3.1 Copper Tubing 46
4.2.5.3.2 Copper Soldered Pipe 51
4.2.5.3.3 Faucets 51
4.2.6 Pipe Surface Analysis 51
4.2.7 Special Studies 54
5. Discussion and Conclusions 58
5.1 Phase I 58
5.2 Phase H 59
6. References * 61
7. Appendices 63
Appendix A 63
Appendix B 80
Appendix C 101
vu
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Tables
3-1 Summary of Analyses of Control and Test Waters, Phase I Study 4
3-2 Summary of Analyses of Control and Test Waters, Phase II Study 5
3-3 Plumbing Materials for Pipe Loop System 8
3-4 Daily Flow Pattern of Pipe Loop System, Phase I Study 11
3-5 Daily Flow Pattern of Pipe Loop System, Phase II Study , 11
3-6 Pipe Loop System Sampling Plan 12
3-7 Analytical Methods Used for Chemical Analysis of Water Samples 14
4-1 Number of Sample Collections Days per Month 17
4-2 Results of Statistical Analysis of Pipe Loop Data, Phase I Study 28
4-3 Summary of Metal Leaching Data, Phase I Study 28
A-l Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase I study 64
A-2 Results of analyses of softened water, phase I study 68
A-3 Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase n study 1 72
A-4 Results of analyses of softened water, phase II study 76
B-l Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of lead pipe
loops, phase I study 81
B-la Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops,
phase I study 83
B-2 Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper tubing
pipe loops, phase I study 85
B-2a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper tubing
pipe loops, phase I study 87
Vlll
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B-3 Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper/soldered
pipe loops, phase I study 89
B-3a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper/soldered
pipe loops, phase I study 91
B-4 Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of galvanized
pipe loops, phase I study 93
B-4a Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of galvanized
pipe loops, phase I study 95
B-5 Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of faucets,
phase I study 97
B-5a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of faucets,
phase I study " 99
C-l Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops,
phase II study ..... 102
C-l a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops,
phase II study 104
C-2 Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper tubing
pipe loops, phase II study 106
C-2a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper tubing
pipe loops, phase n study 108
C-3 Results of analyses, of non-softened standing water samples of copper/soldered
pipe loops, phase II study 110
C-3 a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper/soldered
pipe loops, phase II study 112
C-4 Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of faucets,
phase II study 114
C-4a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of faucets,
phase II study • • • • 116
IX
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Figures
3-1 Pipe loop system . 7
4-1 pH of the non-softened and softened waters, phase I study 1.9
4-2 Temperature of the non-softened and softened waters, phase I study .......... 20
4-3 Dissolved oxygen concentration of the non-softened and softened waters,
phase I study .. 21
4-4 Hardness concentration of the non-softened and softened waters,
phase I study 22
4-5 Total phosphate of the non-softened and softened waters, phase I study ,23
4-6 Total chlorine of the non-softened and softened waters, phase I study . .24
4-7 Total inorganic carbon of the non-softened and softened waters,
phase I study .26
4-8 Leadleaching from the lead pipe loops, phaseTstudy 29
4-9 Lead leaching from the copper/soldered pipe loops, phase I study .31
4-10 Lead leaching from the faucets, phase I study 32
4-11 Copper leaching from the copper tubing loops, phase I study 33
4-12 Copper leaching from the copper/soldered pipe loops, phase I study ............ 34
4-13 Copper leaching from the faucets, phase I study 36
4-14 Zinc leaching from the galvanized pipe loops, phase I study 37
4-15. Temperature of the non-softened and softened waters, phase II study ........ 39
4-16 Dissolved oxygen concentration of the non-softened and softened waters,
phase n study 40
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4-17 Temperature and dissolved oxygen of the non-softened (source) water,
phase II study 41
4-18 Chloride of the non-softened and softened waters, phase n study 42
4-19 pH of the non-softened and softened waters, phase II study 43
4-20 Hardness concentration of the non-softened and softened waters, >
phase II study 44
4-21 Potassium concentration of the non-softened and softened waters,.
phase II study 45
4-22 Lead leaching from the lead pipe loops, phase II study 47
4-23 Lead leaching from the copper/soldered pipe loops, phase II study 48
4-24 Lead leaching from the faucets, phase II study 49
4-25 Copper leaching from the copper tubing pipe loops, phase II study 50
4-26 Copper leaching from the copper/soldered pipe loops, phase II study 52
4-27 Copper leaching from the faucets, phase II study 53
4-28 Effect of stagnation time on lead leaching and dissolved oxygen of lead pipes,
phase II study 55
4-29 Effect of stagnation time on copper leaching and dissolved oxygen of copper
tubing pipe loops, phase II study 56
4-30 Effect of stagnation time on copper leaching and dissolved oxygen, of
copper/solder pipes loops, phase II study 57
XI
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Abbreviations and Symbols
BWTP Bolton Water Treatment Plant
CWW Cincinnati Water Works
DIG Dissolved inorganic carbon
DO Dissolved Oxygen
F-C12 Free Chlorine
gpm Gallons per minute
IHWTP . Indian Hill Water Treatment Plant
O-PO4 Orthophosphate
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
T-C12 Total Chlorine
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
TIC Total Inorganic Carbon
T-PO4 Total Phosphate
TTEB Treatment Technology Evaluation Branch
WQA Water Quality Association
Xll
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to extend their appreciation to the Cincinnati Water Works and the
Indian Hill Water Works for the use of their facilities and for their assistance in conducting these
studies. All of their personnel, including the operation, maintenance, and water quality staff were
extremely helpful. The EPA laboratory and technical support staff that included Herb Braxton,
Keith Kelty, Jim Doerger, Jim Caldwell, Lou Trombly and Leo Fichter are acknowledged for the
assembly of the pilot plant systems and the hundreds of water samples collected and analyzed
during the study. Analytical and data handling support was also provided by Steve Harmon,
Greg George, and John Damman of the Dyncorp/Technology Applications, Incorporated. The
authors also extend their gratitude to the Water Quality Association (WQA) Science Advisory
Committee for their technical advice and comments during the planning and operation phases of
the study, and for their review comments.
xm
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1. Introduction
The occurrence of lead, copper and other
metals in household tap water is primarily the
result of the corrosion of metallic plumbing
components.1'2 Lead is present in a variety
of plumbing materials such as lead service
lines, galvanized steel pipe, solders, and
faucets. Copper is the main component of
copper pipe and also the major component of
the brass in faucets. Zinc occurs in
galvanized steel pipe and is also a component
of brass.
The leaching of metals from metallic
components of household plumbing systems
is strongly impacted by the quality
(corrosivity) of the distribution water. The
most significant factors that influence the
metallic solubility and the rate of corrosion
are pH, total inorganic carbon (TIC),
dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorine, and
temperature.1 Other factors that also may
play a role in corrosivity are calcium, silicate,
organic material, ammonia, chloride, sulfate,
phosphate, nitrate, and fluoride. The relative
significance of each factor varies by the
material and the nature of corrosion process.
Naturally soft, low mineralized [hardness
<25 mg/L as CaCO3 and total dissolved
solids (TDS) <50 mg/L] waters with low pH
values have been demonstrated to have a
corrosive effect on most household plumbing
materials. These types of waters are
common in surface waters of the Pacific
northwest, the New England area, and the
southeastern section of the United States.1'3'5
Naturally soft waters contain low levels of
calcium and magnesium ions, and are
generally low in pH, TIC and TDS (ionic
strength). Primarily because of their pH and
paucity of dissolved minerals that could
contribute to buffering and passivating film
formation, such waters are often inherently
corrosive and frequently result in the
leaching of excessive levels of lead and
copper from common plumbing materials.
Moderately hard mineralized waters
(hardness = 25-125 mg/L CaCO3 and TDS =
50-300 mg/L) and hard mineralized water
(hardness >125 mg/L CaCO3 and TDS >300
mg/L) usually having a pH at or above 7 and
are generally considered to be nonaggressive,
although this concept does not always hold
true.1'6"7 Hard mineralized waters are
frequently scale forming, and municipalities
will reduce the hardness to a moderate level
by either lime softening or ion exchange.
Because ion exchange softening removes
essentially all of the calcium and magnesium
ions, utilities using ion exchange treatment
frequently will blend some source water with
the treated water to provide a finished water
with a low or moderate level of hardness to
their consumers.
Where municipal softening is not practiced,
or lower hardness water is desired,
consumers commonly install home ion
exchange water softeners. Because blending
is not a design feature of most household
water softener systems, the hardness level of
this water distributed through the home is
near zero. Ion exchange softened waters,
however, are different in chemical
characteristics from naturally soft waters!
Ion exchange softened waters do not
necessarily have a low mineral content, nor
are they necessarily low in pH. Ion exchange
softening fundamentally removes the calcium
and magnesium and replaces these elements
with sodium. The process, therefore, does
not substantially alter the mineralization
level, alkalinity or pH. In other words, ion
exchange softening does not produce water
with chemical characteristics commonly
associated with naturally soft waters.
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Because ion exchange softening does remove
calcium, an element that is commonly
thought to give some beneficial protective
effect to corrosion, it is often portrayed as a
treatment process that could increase the
corrosivity of the water, thereby increasing
the metals level. Some studies by Larson8
and others suggested some beneficial role for
calcium in iron corrosion. Recently,
Le'grand and Leroy9 have provided some
theoretical framework for this but little or no
data exist to confirm or disprove this
hypothesis for metals, such as lead and
copper.
Calcium is one of many factors that influence
the rate of corrosion, but more importantly,
it is not a major one. Unfortunately, calcium
carbonate saturation indices have been used
as a surrogate measure for "corrosivity." By
erroneously using these indices as a
surrogate measure for "corrosivity", much
misinformation has been generated in the
past. High pH and high alkalinity also
produce higher (less corrosive) values for the
CaCO3 saturation state. However, that
combination has been demonstrated
theoretically6"7'10"15 by controlled experiments
6-7,10-12,16 and by fiejd datan,18 to be
detrimental (enhances solubility) in some
situations to lead and copper solubility.
The AWWARF Lead Control Strategies
Manuall states "In spite of the fact that
there is little evidence in the research
literature that adherent, continuous CaCO3
films actually form to seal lead pipe against
leaching, calcium carbonate deposition has
gained wide acceptance as a viable lead
control strategy." The Manual further states
that the water quality factors that have the
greatest influence on lead mobilization are
pH, alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic
carbon (DIG). .The treatment strategies
stressed in the Manual, therefore, are pH,
alkalinity and DIG adjustment and the use of
corrosion inhibitors such as orthophosphate
and silicate compounds. The addition of
calcium to form a calcium carbonate film is
not considered a corrosion control treatment
strategy. It can be reasoned, therefore, that
the removal of calcium by ion exchange
softening may not necessarily increase the
corrosivity of water.
Although naturally soft waters are known to
have corrosive effects on plumbing materials,
the effect of ion exchange softened waters
have not been extensively evaluated.
Furthermore, little data exist on the fate of
various water quality constituents that play
an integral role in protective surface film
development or the corrosion of metals, as
they pass through domestic water softeners.
2. Objectives
The potential effects of ion exchange
softening on the corrosion of household
plumbing materials can be divided into three
areas: 1) a direct increase in the metallic
corrosion by-products, 2) a change in the
chemical characteristics of the water that
would either remove or alter film forming
constituents in the water, and 3) reversible
changes in passivation surface films of aged
plumbing systems.
Achievement of all the objectives would
require a very expansive research program,
including a combination of a laboratory/pilot
plant studies and a field testing program.
With limited resources, a decision was made,
therefore, to conduct a project that would
begin to address only the first two issues.
With this objective having been determined,
a plan was developed to conduct a controlled
pilot plant study to (1) evaluate metal
leaching from metallic pipes and faucets and
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(2) determine any changes of the critical
chemical characteristics of the water passing
through the water softener that would either
remove or alter the film forming constituents
in the water. Because the third issue dealing
with the potential effect of reversible changes
of aged plumbing materials could not be
evaluated with short term testing, it did not
become an objective of this study.
To achieve the two objectives, a research
plan was developed to conduct two pilot
studies (Phase I and II) using two different
water sources available at the City of
Cincinnati, Bolton Water Treatment Plant
(BWTP). The two water sources proposed
for use were; (1) the finished tap water from
the BWTP (Phase I), and (2) the raw
groundwater source of the BWTP (Phase II).
Both pilot studies were to be conducted for a
minimum of nine months.
Phase I began on November 12, 1992 and
ran for 468 days. Phase II started in May
1993, but unfortunately, this study had to be
abandoned after six months of operation
because of a heavy iron and manganese
coating that developed on the control pipe
loops. After several unsuccessful attempts
to solve the iron and manganese problem, a
decision was made to conduct Phase II in
Indian Hill, OH, a small community on the
eastern edge of Cincinnati. The Indian Hill
Water Treatment Plant (IHWTP) used a
groundwater similar to the BWTP untreated
groundwater except that the iron and
manganese levels were very low and were
not expected to be a problem. Phase II was
restarted at the IHWTP on November 23,
1994 and ran for 476 days.
Phase I and Phase II studies consisted of
using two pipe loop systems; one supplied
with the source water (control water) and
the second one supplied with the ion
exchange softened water (test water). The
goal was to operate the systems daily and to
measure and compare the metal leaching
levels from the household plumbing materials
that made up the pipe loop systems and to
document and compare the chemical
characteristics of the source and test water.
3. Materials and Procedures
3.1 Source Water
The source water for Phase I was finished
tap water from BWTP. Using lime
softening, the BWTP produces a finished tap
water having a final hardness of around 160
mg/L (as CaCO3), from a groundwater with
a hardness around 330 mg/L (as CaCO3).
The lime softening process also increases the
pH of the groundwater from 7.4 to about 9.
Treatment also includes the addition of a low
level of polyphosphate (approximately 0.4-
0.5 mg PO4 /L) for protection against
calcium carbonate scaling of the filters,
chlorination, and fluoridatioh. A summary of
the major chemical constituents in the source
water (control non-softened water) is shown
in Table 3-1. These data show that the
BWTP finished tap water used during the
study period had an average hardness of 160
mg/L (as CaCO3) and an average pH of 9.1.
The source water for Phase II was the source
water (an untreated groundwater) for the
IHWTP. This groundwater has a hardness
around 300 mg/L (as CaCO3) and pH around
7.3 The Phase II source water differed,
therefore, from the Phase I source water by
having a hardness of about twice that of the
Phase I water and a pH of about two units
less than the Phase I water. A summary of
the major chemical constituents of the
untreated ground water (control non-
softened water) used for the Phase II study is
shown in Table 3-2.
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Table 3-1. Summary of Analyses of Control and Test Waters, Phase I Study.
Analyte
mg/L except as noted
Lead
Calcium
Copper
Iron
Potassium
Magnesium
Manganese
Sodium
Zinc
pH, Units
Total Alkalinity as CaCO3
Hardness as CaCO3 **
Sulfate
Chloride
Fluoride
Silica (SiOj)
Nitrate (NO3) as N
Ammonia (NH3) as N
Dissolved Oxygen
Total Inorganic Carbon
Total PO4 as PO4
Ortho PO4 as PO4
Total Chlorine as C12
Free Chlorine as C12
Temperature °C
Results/ Phase I -BWTP
Control Water -Non Softened
Mean
<0.002
25.6
<0.02
<0.05
3.49
23.7
O.01
26.4
<0.01
9.09
76.6
159.8
68.0
45.9
0.96
9.89
2.19
<0.03
6.95
16.0
0.40
0.09
1.12
1.04
15.1
N*
114 ,
114
115
115
114
114
107
114
116
118
113
111
116
78
108
113
111
118
112
99
111
118
118
118
Std Dev
0.001
1.84
0.63
1.18
3.14
0.16
4.38
4.3
4.18
0.20
0.70
0.68
0.02
0.99
1.42
0.12
0.06
0.09
0.09
0.94
Test Water- Softened
Mean
0.002
O.01
<0.02
<0.05
1.12
O.025
O.01
101.4
<0.01
9.31
76.8
0.28
68.3
46.0
0.89
9.87
2.19
<0.3
6.91
16.0
0.40
0.09
1.09
1.02
15.2
N
114
114
115
114
114
114
107
114
116
118
112
111
116
81
105
113
111
118
112
99
111
118
118
118
Std Dev
0.001
0.28
0.46
6.30
0.15
4.28
5.06
4.21
0.45
0.69
0.68
0.2
1.01
1. 42
0.12
0.06
0.01
0.10
0.95
* Number of samples
** Calculated from Ca and Mg concentrations
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Table 3-2. Summary of Analyses of Control and Test Waters, Phase II Study.
Analyte
mg/L except as noted
Lead
Calcium
Copper
Iron
Potassium
Magnesium
Manganese
Sodium
Zinc
pH, Units
Total Alkalinity as CaCO3
Hardness as CaCO3**
Sulfate
Chloride
Fluoride
Silica (SiOJ
Nitrate (NO3) as N
Ammonia (NH3) as N
Dissolved Oxygen
Total Inorganic Carbon
Total PO4 as PO4
Ortho PO4 as PO4
Total Chlorine as C12
Free Chlorine as C12
Temperature °C
Results/ Phase II - IHWTP
Control Water -Non Softened
Mean
<0.002
83.6
<0.003
0.002
2.98
24.2
0.001
40.7
0.001
7.33
261.7
300.2
46.2
73.5
0.23
7.39
2.13
<0.03
3.47
69.6
...
0.27
—
...
13.9
N*
115
116
116
116
115
116
116
116
116
111
115
116
116
53
116
112
113
99
108
...
94
...
—
110
Std Dev
0.001
1.183
0.002
0.018
0.42
1.28
0.002
4.29
0.002
0.064
17.9
2.63
11.9
0.019
0.74
0.37
0.02
1.14
5.43
...
0.14
...
...
2.44
Test Water- Softened
Mean
O.002
0.317
O.003
0.002
3.14
0.12
0.001
176.6
O.001
7.45
261.2
1.3
46.3
73.8
0.23
7.28
2.07
<0.3 ,
3.47
69.7
—
0.26
...
...
13.9
N
114
107
115
115
114
107
115
108
115
110
112
115
114
53
115
111
113
99
110
—
92
...
—
110
Std Dev
0.001
0.111
0.003
0.009
3.196
0.10
0.001
10.9
0.002
0.081
18.4
2.78
11.0
0.021
0.72
0.43
0.02
1.14
5.44
—
0.08
—
—
2.46
* Number of samples
** Calculated from Ca and Mg concentrations.
-------
A detailed listing of the analytical results of
the chemical analyses conducted on all of
the samples collected of the control (non-
softened) waters and test (softened) waters
for both study phases can be found in
Appendix A.
3.2 Pipe Loop Systems
The pipe loop systems designed and
constructed for the studies were similar to
the system outlined in the American Water
Works Association Research Foundation's
Lead Control Strategies Manual1 (Figure
3-1). One pipe loop system was used as a '
control system and was fed the source water.
The second pipe loop system, used as the
test system, was fed the ion exchange
softened water having only a trace of
hardness. Each pipe loop system contained
two loops of lead pipe, copper tubing,
copper pipe connected with 50:50 lead-tin
solder joints and two brass faucets. For the
Phase I study, each system also contained
two galvanized pipe loops. Each individual
pipe loop was 50 feet in length. Faucet
selection was based on a previously
conducted metal leaching study.19 The
faucet selected had produced a rather
significant level of lead during the leaching
study. A summary of the plumbing materials
used in the pipe loop systems is shown in
Table 3-3.
All connecting pipe and other components,
such as flow meters, valves and sampling
ports to support the system, were made of
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or stainless steel.
A water meter was installed in the main line
before the control and test systems to
measure the total amount of water that
passed through each system. Sample taps
were installed before and after the water
softener and after each individual pipe loop.
Manual on/off ball valves were installed
before and after each individual pipe loop.
For flow control, a flow meter was installed
before each individual pipe loop. Each
system was pressurized by using a solenoid
valve at the end of the discharge line.- The
faucets themselves maintained water
pressure and an electrically controlled
hydraulic arm attached to the faucet handle
automatically opened and closed the faucets.
Check valves were not installed before and
after each loop as given in AWWARF
design.
3.3 Piping Material and Faucets
All pipe loop materials and faucets were
purchased new from local plumbing supply
firms in the Cincinnati area. No special pre-
cleaning procedures were performed on
either the pipe loops or faucets.
3.3.1 Lead Pipe
The new lead pipe was purchased from a
plumbing supply firm specializing in extruded
lead products. Pipe dimensions were
specified to be 1/2 inch ID with a 1/4 inch
wall thickness. The pipe was 50 ft long and
supplied in a loop fastened onto a plywood
support with pipe straps. The pipe loops
were connected to the PVC pipe using
reinforced PVC tubing and hose clamps.
The 50 foot pipe section provided an internal
volume of 1650 mL.
3.3.2 Copper Tubing
The new copper tubing, 1/2 inch ID, was
formed into continuous 50 foot section loops
about 18 inches in diameter. The tubing was
connected to the PVC pipe with reinforced
PVC tubing and hose clamps. The 50 ft loop
provided an internal volume of 2250 mL.
3.3.3 Soldered Copper Pipe
The new copper pipe, type L, 1/2 inch ID,
was cut into sections to form 50 ft
-------
E
-------
Table 3-3. Plumbing Materials for Pipe Loop Systems.
Loop
Lead
Copper tubing
Copper pipe
Galvanized pipe
Identification
(nominal size)
1/2 in ID
1/2 in ID, type L
Drawn
1/2 in ID type
M, schedule 40
1/2 in ID,
schedule 40
Dimension
ID(in)
0.46
0.54
0.57
0.56
OD(in)
0.95
0.65
0.63
0.75
Volume
mLfoot
33
45
50
48
-------
rectangular continuous loops of about 36
inches in length and 8 inches in width. The
loop sections were joined with 90 degree
copper elbows by 50:50, Pb:Sn (solid core)
solder by a skilled technician. Each loop
contained 18 elbows and 36 soldered joints
and provided an internal volume of
approximately 2500 mL.
3.3.4 Galvanized Steel Pipe
New galvanized steel pipe, pre-cut threaded
sections, 1/2 inch ID, schedule 40, were
purchased to form a rectangular, 50 ft,
continuous loops similar to the copper
soldered pipe loops. The loops were 36
inches in length by 8 inches in width. The
sections of the loop were connected by
threaded 90 degree galvanized steel elbows.
A pipe dope material was applied to the
threaded joints. The tube ends were also
connected to the PVC pipe with PVC
reinforced flexible hose and clamps. The
50 ft pipe section provided a volume of
2400 mL.
3.3.5 Faucets
The new faucets were the same model tested
by EPA in a lead leaching faucet study in
1989 (faucet number 3).19 This faucet was a
single handle model with a brass interior and
a volume of approximately 100 mL. The
faucet was connected to the PVC pipe with a
PVC threaded connection and PVC
reinforced flexible tubing. The faucet was
mounted to a steel L section that was
attached to the plywood backboard. A
hydraulic jack device was connected to the
handle of the faucets to open and close them.
3.4 Water Softeners
Two water softeners were provided by two
WQA member companies. For the Phase I
study, a Culligan International Company
softening system, MARK 512, Model 3526-
46, was used. The system is listed by NSF,
International under Standard 44. This
softener is a commonly used household
system and its fundamental design,
operation, and performance is typical of
other sizes and other brands of household
water softening systems. The softener was
installed by a Cincinnati dealer who
programmed the regeneration cycle to occur
every third day. The regeneration cycle
consisted of three phases: (1) backwash
(15 min), (2) brine (64 min), and (3) rinse
(4 min).
The second softener was used for the
aborted Phase II study at the BWTP and
during the first 45 days of the final Phase II
study at the IHWTP. Because of a
mechanical problem that resulted in
regeneration problems during the early part
of the Phase II study, this system was
replaced by the MARK 512 system that was
then used for the remainder of the study.
5.5 System Operation
Because of differences in plant facilities,
operation and access, the pilot plant systems
at the two facilities could not be operated in
an identical manner. The control and test
pipe loop systems at each facility, however,
were operated in identical ways so that the
results between the control and test systems
at each location could be compared.
At the BWTP, the pipe loop test systems
were connected to a 100 psi finished tap
water source line in the basement of the
BWTP. A pressure regulator provided
approximately 54 psi of water pressure to the
pilot systems. At the IHWTP, the system
was tapped into the plant's main source
water line that had a pressure of around 32-
35 psi. No pressure adjustment was
provided at this location.
-------
Each individual pipe loop line and faucet had
an in-line flow controller. The controllers
were set to provide a flow rate of near 0.06
L/s (1 gpm) through each loop and about
0.03 L/s (0.5 gpm) through each faucet. A
programmable on/off timing system was set
to open and close the solenoid valves on the
discharge lines and the hydraulic faucet
handle system to provide 105 minutes of
flow time each day through each pipe loop
and faucet. The water meter installed before
each pipe loop system was utilized to check
and compare the total amount of flow
though the control and test sides of the
systems.
Although the total amount of water flow and
flow time for each pipe loop and faucet for
the two studies were the same, the on /off
flow patterns and the standing times before
sample collection were different. These
differences were necessitated by limited
facility access at the IHWTP. Whereas there
was no limitations to the accessibility to the
BWTP, the IHWTP was accessible only
during the day time period of 7:30 am to
4:30 pm.
At the BWTP, the flow pattern consisted of
five, 15 minute and one, 30 minute flow
times separated by l-Vz to 2-Vz hour standing
times (Table 3-4). The flowing/standing
periods started at 5:00 pm and ended at 8:30
am the following morning. A 7-1/4 or 7-1/2
hour standing period before sample
collection was programmed from each
morning to late afternoon to represent
"overnight" standing.
At the IHWTP, the flow pattern consisted of
three 30 minute and one 15 minute flow
times separated by 1-1/2 to 2 hour standing
times (Table 3-5). The flowing periods
occurred during a normal working day, 7:30
am to 3:00 pm because the plant was
accessible only during the day, 7:30 am to
4:30 pm. The standing period before sample
collection lasted from late afternoon to early
morning, 16-3/4 to 17-1/4 hours,
approximately twice the standing time before
sample collection for the Phase I study. This
standing time (rather than a short 5 hour
standing time available during the day) was
selected on the presumption that the longer
stagnation time would result in more
consistent and near equilibrium
conditions.1"2'12
The initial plan was to operate the systems
for nine months. After nine months, the data
were to be evaluated and then a decision
made on whether to extend the operation.
Nine month data evaluations resulted in
extending the study periods to 16 months.
Because of a longer term interest in the
control system data by CWW, the system at
the BWTP was operated an additional 5
months with sampling reduced to once a
month.
3.6 Water Sampling and Data Collection
Water samples (flowing and standing) from
both the control and the test system loops
were collected twice a week, with some
exceptions because of holidays and pilot
system/facility problems. Flowing water
samples of the control and test waters were
collected immediately prior to the standing
period to characterize the initial water
quality in the loops and, faucets at the onset
of the standing period. The number and size
of samples collected are shown in Table 3-6.
After the standing period, a one liter water
sample was collected from each pipe loop
and a 500 mL sample from each faucet. To
isolate the loop during sampling, all valves of
the test system were closed during sampling,
10
-------
Table 3-4. Daily Flow Pattern of Pipe Loop System, Phase I Study.
Control System Time
(non-softened water) (minutes)
5:00- 5:15 pm
8:00- 8:15 pm
11:00- 11:15 pm
2:00- 2:15 am
5:00- 5:15 am
8:30- 9:00 am
Total flow time
Standing time
(9:00 am-4:30 pm)
Sampling period
4:30 pm- 5:00 pm
15
15
15
15
15
30
105
7.5 hrs
Test System Time
(softened water) (minutes)
5:15- 5:30 pm
8:15- 8:30pm
11:15- 11:30 pm
2:15- 2:30 am
5:00- 5:15 am
9:00- 9:30 am
Total flow time
Standing time
(9:30 am - 4:45 pm)
Sampling period
4:45 pm - 5:15 pm
15
15
15
15
15
30
105
7.25 hrs
Table 3-5. Daily Flow Pattern of Pipe Loop System, Phase II Study.
Control System Time
(non-softened water) (minutes)
9:00- 9:30 am
11:00 -11:30 am
1:00- 1:30 pm
3:00- 3:15 pm
Total flow time
Standing time
(3:15pm-8:30am)
Sampling period
8:30 am - 9:00 am
30
30
30
15
105
17.25 hrs
Test Sytstem . Time
(softened water) (minutes)
8:30- 9:00 am
10:30 -11:00 am
12:30- 1:00 pm
3:00- 3:15 pm
Total flow time
Standing time
(3: 15pm -8:00 am)
Sampling period
8:00 pm - 8:30 pm
30
30
30
15
105
16.75 hrs
11
-------
Table 3-6. Pipe Loop System Sampling Plan.
Sample Location
Before Softener
After Softener
Effluent from
each loop
Effluent from
each faucet
Sample Time
During last flow cycle
During last flow cycle
End of stagnation period
End of stagnation period
Number of Samples
&Size
1 - 250 mL
1-1L
2-60mL
1 - 250 mL
1-1L
2-60mL
1 - 250 mL
1-1L
500 mL
Preservative
None
1.5mLHNO3
No air contact
None
1.5mLHNO3
No air contact
None
1.5mLHNO3
0.75 mL HNO3
12
-------
except for the influent line valve of the loop
being sampled. Because of system design
and sample tap location, 250 to 500 mL of
water was wasted from each loop prior to
collecting the liter sample. The amount
wasted for each loop was predetermined by a
series of sequential metal leaching tests.
This two step procedure was done to assure
that the liter sample was in direct contact
with the pipe loop. A one liter sample was
selected because it was consistent with
compliance sampling required by the Lead
and Copper Rule.22 A 500 mL sample size
was selected for the faucets because the
contact volume of the faucet was
approximately 100 mL and the EPA faucet
study suggested that about four to five bed
volumes of water are required to collect 95-
99 percent of the lead and other metals
leached from the brass surfaces in a faucet.19
All water samples requiring acid preservation
were preserved on site with the appropriate
amount of nitric acid. All sampling
information was recorded in a log book and
included sampler's name, sample time,
number and size of water samples and any
special notes. Water meter readings from
each system were recorded at the time of
sampling.
At the conclusion of each study, the pilot
systems were disassembled and small 6-8
inch sections of pipe were cut from each pipe
loop and saved for possible internal surface
examination using x-ray diffraction and
electron microscopy or both techniques
depending upon availability of equipment and
manpower.
3.7 Analytical Procedures
3.7.1 Chemical Analyses
Because of sample instability, pH, chlorine,
dissolved oxygen and temperature
measurements were conducted immediately
on-site following sample collection. The
results of all on-site analyses were recorded
in the data log books. All other analyses
were conducted at the EPA Research Center.
A listing of the analytical methods, along
with the observed detection limits, used for
the studies is shown in Table 3-7.
Because the study was conducted over
several years, some analytical procedures
changed during the study with the most
changes taking place during Phase I. The
analytical method for most metal analyses
was switched from a flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy (AAS) system to a
simultaneous inductively-coupled argon
plasma spectroscopy (ICAP) system during
August 1993, after comparability was
statistically established. This change
provided the opportunity to increase the
number of analytical measurements and
improve the detection limits of many of the
metal analyses. Most significantly, the use of
the ICAP system improved the detection
limit and low-level precision for the copper
analyses. When the ICAP lead measurement
was less than 0.2 mg/L, the lead analysis was
repeated using the graphite furnace AAS
method and this result reported as the lead
measurement. Additionally, potassium was
always determined by flame AAS.
In November 1993, the silicate procedure
was changed from the automated
colorimetric method to ICAP (reported as
SiO2). In January 1994, the sulfur ICAP
method replaced the automated turbidimetric
sulfate method. These two changes were
implemented primarily to reduce the
analytical workload and to improve
analytical throughput, rather than to improve
the accuracy of the analyses. Because the
presence of sulfide or other reduced sulfur
13
-------
Table 3-7. Analytical Methods Used for Chemical Analysis of Water Samples
Analysis
Metato
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Potassium
Iron
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Manganese
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Copper
Lend
Zinc
Manganese
Silicon (as SiO,)
Sulfur (as SO4)
Aluminum
Iron
Anions
Chloride
Fluoride
Orthophosphate
Total Phosphate
Total Phosphate
Nitrate -N
Silicate
Sulfate
Total Alkalinity
Others
Dissolved Oxygen
Ammonia
Total Inorganic Carbon
Total Chlorine
Free Chlorine
pH
Method
AA-FIame
AA-Flame
AA-Flame
AA-Flame
AA-Flame
AA-Flame
OFAAS
AA-Flame
AA-Flame
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
ICAP
Automated Potentiometric Titration
Automated Standard Additons
Potentiometric ISE
Automated Colorimetric
Automated Colorimetric
ICAP
Automated Colorimetric
Automated Colorimetric
Automated Turbidimctric
Automated Potentiometric
Titration to Equivalence Point
Winkler (Azide Modification)
Automated Colorimetric
Coulometric Titration
DPD Colorimetric
DPD Colorimetric
Closed-System Electrometric
Method Number
7140
7450
7770
7610
7380
7210
7421
7950
7460
200.7
200.7
200.7
200.7
200.7
200.7
200.7
200.7
200.7
200.7
200.7
4500-C1-D.
_
340.2
1-2601-85
1-2600-85
200.7
A303-5173-00
A303-5220-13
375.4
2320 B.4.6.
4500-0 D.
350.1
D513-92
8167
8021
-
Reference
EPA1
EPA1
EPA1
EPA1
EPA1
EPA1
EPA1
EPA1
EPA1
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
EPA2
Std. Methods'
Orion'
EPA5
uses"
USGS"
EPA2
Alpkem'
Alpkem7
EPA2
Std. Methods'
Std. Methods'
EPA3
ASTM'
Hach'
Hactf
EPA(DWRDy.°
Detection
Limit (mg/L)
0.1
2.0
3.0
0.25
0.05
0.02
0.002
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.025
0.025
0.003
0.02
0.001
0.0004
0.053
0.045
0.025
0.002
1.0
<0.1
0.10
0.02 (as PO4)
0.05 (as PO,)
0.33 (as PO4)
0.02 (as N)
0.4(asSiO2)
15 (as SO,)
~0.3(asCaCO3)
0.50
0.03
<0.5
0.02
0.02
-
1 EPA SWS46, Sept 1986.
1USEPA, "Methods forthe Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples," EPA-600/4-91-010 (1994).
5 "Standard Methods forthe Examination of Water and Wastewater," 18* Edition (1992).
4 Orion Research, Inc., Boston, MA
1 USEPA, "Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes," EPA-60014-79-020 (1983).
* Modified from methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Water & Fluvial Sediments, U.S.
Geological Survey Open-File Report (85-495) 1985.
* Alpkem Research, Inc., Clackamas, OR.
* "1994 Annual Book-of ASTM Standards," section 11, volume 11.01 Water (I).
'Hadi Company, Lovcland, CO.
w Drinking Water Research Division, USEPA, Internal Method. References: JournalAWWA 72:5:304 (1980);
Schock&L,y11c~Proc.AWWA WQTC(1994),
14
-------
species is chemically impossible or the
concentrations negligible, the ICAP analysis
of total sulfur is interpreted as sulfate.
TIC was analyzed directly using a
coulometric method.21 This method has
frequently been found to be more accurate
and precise than deriving the concentration
from two measured quantities (pH and total
alkalinity), each with an analytical
uncertainty 22. The combined method and
sampling standard deviation for TIC during
the course of this study was computed using
pooled data from analyses of duplicate
samples, and was determined to be ±0.1 mg
C/L, with no statistically significant
concentration dependence over the
experimental range of 5 to 70 mg C/L.
3.7.2 Pipe Surface Analysis
The internal surfaces of several sections of
pipe loops were examined by x-ray
diffraction and scanning electron microcopy
to determine and compare the composition
of the surface films. X-ray diffraction
analysis was performed on corrosion
deposits from pipe samples, whenever
sufficient sample volume was available.
Deposits scraped from the pipe sections were
finely ground by synthetic ruby or agate
mortar and pestle, to pass through a 200-
mesh sieve (approximately 75 um) whenever
possible. Samples were then suspended as a
slurry with amyl acetate, and deposited on
zero-background quartz plates by disposable
pipettes for mounting in the powder
diffractometer.
The instrument used was a Scintag XDS-
2000 theta-theta diffractometer with a
copper X-ray tube operated at 45 kV and 33
mA. Scans were usually over the range of 5
to 60 degrees 20, with 0.03 degree step sizes
that were held for 3 seconds each. Pattern
analysis, performed with the software
provided by the instrument manufacturer,
generally followed procedures outlined by
ASTM.AASTM, 1994 #352|
3.7.3 Quality Assurance
Laboratory quality assurance practices for
the instrumental analyses followed
documented Treatment Technology
Evaluation Branch standard operating
procedures (SOP).23 These procedures
include requirements for analysis of
duplicates and spikes of samples comprising
more than 10% of the sample load,
verification of instrument calibration, and
some interference checking through external
certified reference standards (USEPA,
USGS reference standards) at multiple times
during each analytical run. The exact
location and frequency of different types of
quality control spikes, standards, blanks, and
duplicates, along with accuracy
requirements, are specified in those
documented procedures for each type of
analysis. They cannot be generalized
because the precision and accuracy
expectations vary with the type of instrument
used and the levels of the analyte
encountered. If quality assurance
requirements associated with standards,
spikes, and duplicates were not achieved, the
entire batch of samples was rerun as required
in the SOP plan. When a review of the test
data showed a result very inconsistent with
past trends (visual outlier), the analysis was
repeated to verify the initial analytical result.
3.7.4 Data Analysis
When data analysis was conducted, several
statistical approaches were used, all of which
were done using Sigmastat™ statistical
software. Data normality was determined by
the Kolomogorov Test. In most cases, the
data distributions were not normal (at 95%
15
-------
confidence) resulting in the use of non-
parametric statistical test. Data reporting for
tabulations and statistical evaluation
followed the recommendations of the ASTM
standard practice for low-level data (D4210-
83).AASTM, 1994#353| In this practice,
actual instrument results, including negative
values, are reported and used in statistical
calculations, to avoid inaccuracies brought
about by artificial data truncation commonly
used by environmental laboratories. When
data was combined from two different
analytical test methods and the detection
methods were different, the most
conservative method detection limit was
used in the tabulation.
4. Test Results
4.1 Phase I Study
4.1.1 Sampling Days
Phase I began on November 2, 1992, and
officially ended on February 24, 1994, the
last day for bi-weekly routine sampling (468
days). The number of sampling days during
the 16 month study period ranged from 6 to
10 per month as shown in Table 4-1 for a
total of 114 sampling days. Because of a
longer term interest in the control test loop
aspect of the study by CWW and TTEB, the
systems continued to operate until late
August 1994. During this extended period,
sampling was reduced to once per month on
a non-routine basis.
4.1.2 Water Usage
The pipe loop systems provided a flow rate
of approximately 1 gpm through the pipe
loops and about 0.5 gpm through the faucets
during the flowing periods. As mentioned in
the System Operation (Section 3.5), the
flow controller on each pipe loop was
adjusted periodically to maintain
approximately 0.06L/S (1 gpm) through each
loop. The faueets, on the other hand, could
not be easily adjusted because of the use of a
mechanical hydraulic arm. Short term flow
measurements were occasionally taken using
a stop watch and volumetric cylinder to
compare and adjust flow rates through each
faucet.
To determine the total flow through each
pipe loop system, water meter readings were
recorded on the sampling days. The total
flows through the control and test pipe loop
systems were 458,173 gallons (948.6 gpd)
and 440,822 gallons (912.8 gpd)
respectively; a difference of 35.8 gpd.
Although the total flows and daily rates were
not identical, they were within 4 percent of
each other. Using the assumption that the
difference was spread evenly among the
eight loops and two faucets, the difference
amounts to about 3.5 gallons per day per
loop/faucet. Because of the mechanical
nature of the faucet operation and the lack of
the ability for fine adjustment, most of the
difference in flows is actually believed to be
associated with the faucets. Regardless, the
difference is considered to be small and to
have no or little effect on the metal leaching
levels obtained.
4.1.3 Source Water Quality
Because the Phase I source water was a
finished water from the BWTP, the quality
did not undergo major changes during the
study period. Several water quality
parameters did vary slightly, however,
because of seasonal temperature changes,
subsurface hydrochemical changes, and
variations in plant operation. The water
quality parameters affected the most by these
factors were water temperature, pH,
hardness, chlorine, dissolved oxygen, and
total ortho-phosphate. Because the water
temperature is influenced by the weather
temperature and DO is influenced by water
16
-------
Table 4-1. Number of Sample
Collection Days Per Month During
Phase I and II Studies.
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Total
Sample Days Per Month
Phase I
Study
5
9
7
6
9
8
8
6
7
8
8
6
7
9
7
4
—
114
Phase H
Study
2
9
8
6
9
8
7
9
7
10
8
9
6
6
8
8
3
123
17
-------
temperature, temperature and DO variation
of the source water occurred through the 16
month study period. DO was also influenced
by plant operation as explained in the
following section (4.1.3.3) on DO. All other
parameters were influenced by the softening
water treatment process and chemical
additions. The source water quality during
the study period is summarized in Table 3-1.
Specific results of all the analyses on the
source water are contained in Appendix A.
4.1.3.1 pH- The pH of the source water did
not vary substantially during the study, but'
some temporal variation was noted (Figure
4-1). Except for one measurement at 8.6,
the pH of the Phase I source water ranged
between 8.8 and 9.4 ( mean of 9.1) and was
determined by the lime softening process
employed by the plant.
4.1.3.2 Temperature - The temperature of
the influent source water varied from a high
of near 18°C to a low of near 13 °C during
the winter periods. The results of the
temperature measurements are shown in
Figure 4-2. Temperature readings of the
standing water in the pipe loops were not
taken but certainly increased to room
temperature during the 7+ hours standing
time. Room temperature also varied with the
seasons because the pipe loop systems were
located underground in an area where the
only supplemental heat was a space heater
that ran only during the first few months of
the study. Room temperature was estimated
to be in the 60s °F (5-10°C).
4.1.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen - Dissolved
oxygen measurement varied from a high of
near 8.5 mg/L to a low of near 4.5 mg/L
(Figure 4-3). .The variation in the DO
concentration was caused by changes in
water temperature (DO solubility), but more
importantly by the operational changes of
the treatment plant. The treatment plant had
two upflow softening basins. The basins
were fed raw well water through an open
spliter box from a central supply line. When
only one softening basin was operational,
turbulence in the spliter box was increased
and a subsequent increase in dissolved
oxygen was noted.
4.1.3.4 Hardness - Hardness of the source
water ranged from about 150 to 180 mg/L
(as CaCO3) and was dependent upon plant
operation. Two hardness measurements
were significantly lower at 110 and 130
mg/L (as CaCO3) with no explanation. The
average hardness level was calculated at 159
mg/L (as CaCO3) and the standard deviation
was 22.6. The results of the hardness tests
are plotted in Figure 4-4.
4.1.3.5 Phosphate - To prevent iron
precipitation in the BWTP filters, a small
amount of sodium hexametaphosphate (0.8
mg/L as PQ4) is added to the water to
prevent the encrustation of the sand fillers
with calcium carbonate. To determine the
fate and form of the phosphate, total and
orthophosphate was measured. The results
for the total phosphate measurements are
plotted in Figure 4-5. Because of analytical
problems, total phosphate was not analyzed
for a short period of time (60 days) after
about the 300th day of the study. Total
phosphate averaged 0.4 mg/L and
orthophosphate 0.09 mg/L with the specific
concentrations plant operation dependent.
4.1.3.6 Chlorine - Chlorine is added to
BWTP finished tap water to provide a
concentration of about 1 mg/L. Both total
and free chlorine were measured and the
results of the total chlorine measurements are
shown in Figure 4-6. Total chlorine
18
-------
10.0
8.0
Non-softened water
Softened water
I
100
200 300
Days
400 500
Figure 4-1. pH of the non-softened and softened waters, phase I study.
19
-------
19.0 -q
Non-softened water
Softened water
0
100
200 300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-2. Temperature of the non-softened and softened waters, phase I study.
20
-------
§
• 1—4
s
o
§
o
-------
200
o"
g 150 H
co
&
i
° 100
1
.8
1
o
50 -
O Non-softened water
—•— Softened water
Figure 4-4. Hardness concentration of the non-softened and softened waters,
phase I study.
22
-------
0.2 -
0.0
Non-softened water
Softened water
0 100
200 300
Days
400 500
Figure 4-5. Total phosphate of the non-softened and softened waters,
phase I study.
23
-------
Non-softened water
— Softened water
0
500
Figure 4-6. Total chlorine of the non-softened and softened waters,
phase I study.
24
-------
averaged 1.12 mg/L and free chlorine was
only slightly less at 1.04 mg/L. The variation
in concentration was dependent on plant
operation.
4.1.3.7 Total Inorganic Carbon (TIC) - The
TIC of the source water averaged near 16
mg/L with a range of about 13 to 19 mg/L.
The results of the TIC measurements are
shown in Figure 4-7.
4.1.4 Non-Softened/Softened Water Quality
A comparison of the measured water quality
parameters (mean) of the non-softened
(control) and the ion exchanged softened
waters (test) is shown in Table 3-1. The
chemical constituents that showed the largest
difference between the non-softened
(control) water and the softened (test) water
were calcium, magnesium, potassium,
sodium and to some degree pH. As
expected, the ion exchange softener reduced
the calcium (25.6 mg/L) and magnesium
(23.7 mg/L) concentrations in the control
water to near zero while increasing the
sodium (24.6 mg/L) level to 101 mg/L.
Potassium, a monovalent cation, (3.55 mg/L)
was reduced by 68 percent to 1.13 mg/L.
The pH was increased slightly from 9.1 to
9.3. A plot of the pH's of the the non-
softened and softened waters is shown in
Figure 4-1.
Polyphosphate and orthophosphate species
passed through the ion exchanger essentially
unchanged indicating that they were in
anionic or unchanged complex form. The
results of the total phosphate (poly)
measurements for both the non-softened and
softened waters are shown in Figure 4-5.
Additionally, the ion exchanger did not effect
the temperature (Figure 4-2), DO (Figure
4-3), chlorine (Figure 4-6), or TIC (Figure
4-7).
4.1.5 Metal Leaching
4.1.5.1 Data Analysis - All of the metal
leaching data from Phase I were examined
visually (plotted graphs) and statistically to
determine whether the ion exchange softened
water produced higher metal levels than the
non-softened water using a three step
process. The first step consisted of
determining whether metal leaching from the
loops and faucets stabilized. This was
determined by visually estimating a point in
time, or several possible points in time, when
the slopes of the metal leaching curves for,
each loop type achieved zero and then linear
regression tests (95% confidence) were used
for confirmation. If visual examination of
the data set showed one or several outliers
(judgement), the process was repeated on
the data set with the outliers removed. Using
this process, no complete data sets of either
loops/faucets for Phase I were determined to
reach stabilization. For all sets, at least one
of the four curves did not test for zero slope.
True "stabilization" times may range from
weeks to years, depending upon the nature
of the surficial passivation films formed for a
given material. For example, recent research
has indicated that with copper, initial
Cu(OH)2 films will "age" into less soluble
Cu2(OH)2CO3 or CuO over periods of
perhaps more than 15 to 20 years.6
Stabilization is also difficult to achieve for
materials such as soldered joints and brass,
where physical depletion of source material,
such as lead, occurs. Long term slow drift
may be present even for the sets of loops that
had appeared to stabilize. Another factor
that is likely to have interfered with the
stabilization tests was the variation in the
leaching data caused by the changes in water
quality.
25
-------
13
12 -
11 -
10
—0— Non-softened water
—•— Softened water
0
I
100
200 300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-7- Total inorganic carbon of the non-softened and softened waters,
phase I study.
26
-------
The second step in the data evaluation
process was to determine if duplicate loops
of the same materials exposed to the same
water source agreed statistically. Because
the linear regression tests did not show a
point in time when all four leaching curves
for each loop/faucet type stabilized, a
stabilization time was selected from a visual
inspection of the curves in order to complete
the statistical analysis. In most cases, the
time selected was about halfway through the
study period (Table 4-2). Using the metal
leaching data from the selected stabilization
time to the end of the study (means or
median values of Table 4-3), statistical tests
(paired t-test or non-parametric equivalent
tests) were conducted on each duplicate loop
with and without the outliers (based upon a
visual review and judgement) to determine
whether the two data sets could be paired
(averaged). The results of these tests
showed that only three sets could be paired
(Tables 4-2) and that the outlier data had no
impact on the results. All other sets were
considered statistically different. Visual
examination of the data suggests that pair
testing of many of the loops failed because of
increases in metal levels for short periods of
time of at least one loop. These short term
increases cannot be explained, but are
common to pipe loop testing. Each data set
was also tested for normality in order to
select the proper statistical test (parametric
or non-parametric) determining the existence
of possible significant differences of metal
leaching between softened and non-softened
conditions for the same type of
loops/faucets.
The final step in the three step evaluation
process compared the metal leaching results
(mean or median values) of the loops/faucets
exposed to the non-softened water and
softened water. Because of the lack of
statistical comparison of many of the paired
loops, t-tests (normal data sets) or non-
parametric equivalent tests (non-normal data
sets) were conducted on all possible pairs (4)
of loops used to determine whether the metal
leaching levels between the non-softened and
softened conditions were statistically
different. When duplicate sets of loop data
could be paired, the tests were repeated
using the average values of the paired loops
and faucets against the other two individual
loops and faucets. Conducting the tests
using paired data and the outlier data did not
impact the outcome of the tests.
The results of the statistical tests showed
very mixed results and no consistent pattern.
An argument can be made that when the
leaching data of paired loops cannot be
averaged (statistically), comparing the non-
softened to the softened water data, as was
attempted, is not a valid procedure and thus
no statistical significance could be attributed
to the results of the analysis. The exercise
was conducted, however, for the purpose of
determining whether a general pattern
occurred without attempting to attach any
statistical significance to it. Consequently,
the presentation of results and conclusions
are based almost solely upon visual
interpretations of a graphical presentation of
the data.
4.1.5.2 Lead Leaching -
4.1.5.2.1 Lead Pipe - The results of the lead
sampling data (Appendix B, Tables B-l,
B-la) from the lead pipe loops are shown in
Figure 4-8. A visual review of the data and
the mean values of the lead levels of the
individual pipe loops from day 69 (selected
stabilization period) suggests that the lead
levels of the non-softened water pipe loops
, were slightly higher (0.05-0.06 mg/L) than
the lead levels of the softened water pipe
27
-------
Table 4-2 Results of Statistical Analysis of Pipe Loop Data, Phase I Study.
Loops
Lead
Copper/
Solder
Faucet
Copper/
Solder
Copper/
Tubing
Faucet
Galvan.
Metal
Pb
Pb
Pb
Cu
Cu
Cu
Zn
Stabilization - day
selected as start of
stabilization
period
69
41
151
251
251
251
251
Non-softened water
(control loops 1 & 2)
Duplication
test
Passed
Failed
Failed
Failed
Failed
Failed
Failed
Normality
test
Non-normal
Non-normal
Non-normal
Normal
Normal
Non-normal
Non-normal
Softened water
(test loops 1 &2)
Duplication
test
Failed
Failed
Passed
Passed
Failed
Failed
Failed
Normality test
Non-normal
Non-normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Non-normal
Non-normal
Table 4-3. Summary of Metal Leaching Data of Estimated Stabilization Period, Phase I Study."
Loops
Lead
Copper/
Solder
Faucet
Copper/
Solder
Copper
Tubing
Faucet
Galvan.
Metal
Pb
Pb
Pb
Cu
Cu
Cu
Zn
Non-softened water
(control loops 1 & 2)
Loop 1
Mean
0.260
-------
Non-softened water, loop 1
—G— Non-softened water, loop 2
Softened water, loop 1
—•— Softened water, loop 2
0.0
0
100
200 300
Days,
400-
500
Figure 4-8. Lead leaching from lead pipe loops, phase I study.
29
-------
loops. The slightly higher lead levels of the
non-softened water exposed loops were
observed from the beginning of the test
period to about the last 20-30 days when the
levels appear to converge. The lead levels
for all loops were significantly above the
USEPA lead action level (0.050 mg/L) and
little or no decrease appeared to occur
during the study.
4.1.5.2.2 Copper Soldered Pipe - The
results of the lead leaching data (Appendix
B, Tables B-2, B-2a) of the copper soldered
pipes are shown in Figure 4-9. The majority
of the lead levels of all loops were at or
below the detectable level of 0.002 mg/L
except for some lead increases with several
pipes that occurred between the .8 and 16
months. During the first 225 days, there
appears to be essentially no difference
between the lead levels for all four pipes.
After the short disturbance period, the lead
levels for one of the non-softened loops
appears to be higher through the end of the
study. This trend, however, must be
interpreted with caution because at such low
levels, minor differences in workmanship,
exposed surface areas of joints, and sampling
and analytical variations can account for
differences among loops.
4.1.5.2.3 Faucets - The results of the lead
leaching (Appendix B, Tables B-3, B-3a)
from the faucets are plotted in Figure-4-10.
Visual examination of the faucet plotted data
indicates that the lead leaching from the
softened water exposed faucets were slightly
higher than the non-softened exposed faucets
from the very start of the study. The
calculated means for the last 310 days (Table
4-3) also showed the same result. However,
because the lead levels for both conditions
were very low, 0.003 to 0.008 mg/L, the
differences probably have little practical
importance as was proposed for the copper
soldered loops. Furthermore, the faucet
results show that during the last three
months, the lead levels from the two systems
were within 0.002 mg/L of each other. The
results suggest, therefore, that the softened
water had no practical effect on increased
lead levels.
4.1.5.3 Copper Leaching -
4.1.5.3.1 Copper Tubing. The results of
copper levels (Appendix B, Tables B-4,
B-4a) from the copper tubing loops are
shown in Figure 4-11. A review of data
suggests little or no difference between the
copper levels of the non-softened and
softened water exposed tubing during the
first 250 days. During the last 210 days, the
copper levels of the softened water exposed
tubing appears to be slightly higher by about
0.003 mg/L which is supported by the mean
values (Table 4-3). Copper levels from all
loops were within a range of 0.05 to 0.15
mg/L which is about 13 times lower than the
USEPA copper action level of 1.3 mg/L
4.1.5.3.2 Copper Soldered Pipe - The
copper leaching data (Appendix B, Tables
B-2, B-2a) of the soldered pipes are shown
in Figure 4-12. The copper levels show
more variability among the loops,
particularly during the first 250 days as
compared to the copper levels of the copper
tubing loops. Moreover, the levels are
higher than the copper tubing loops during
this period and show a decreasing trend in
copper levels with time. No explanation can
be made for the difference in behavior of the
two types of copper pipe loops. During the
last 210 days, the copper levels are similar to
the copper tubing loop levels and there
appears to be little or no difference between
the non-softened and softened exposed water
loops.
30
-------
0.10
O • Non-softened water, loop 1
—H— Non-softened water, loop 2
—•— Softened water, loop 1
—• — Softened water, loop 2
0.00
Figure 4-9. Lead leaching from copper/solder pipes, phase I study.
31
-------
0.05
0.04
I
§
I
o
(U
0.03
0.02
0.01 -
0.00
O Non-softened water, loop 1
—B— Non-softened water, loop 2
—•— Softened water, loop 1
—•— Softened water, loop 2
\ \ \ \ \ \ \
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Days
Figure 4-10. Lead leaching from faucets, phase I study.
32
-------
0.30
0.25 -
0.20 -
§
i
V-i
1 0.15
o
3
o
o
13
&,
o
U
0.10 -
0.05
0.00
Non-softened water, loop 1
—H— Non-softened water, - loop 2
Softened water, loop 1
— Softened water, loop 2
500
Figure 4-11. Copper leaching from copper tubing loops, phase I study.
33
-------
0.30
Non-softened water, loop 1
— Non-softened water, loop 2
Softened water, loop 1
— Softened water, loop 2
0.00
0
100
200 300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-12. Copper leaching from copper/solder pipe loops, phase I study.
34
-------
4.1.5.3.3 Faucets- The copper leaching data
(Appendix B, Tables B-3, B-3a) of the
faucets are shown in Figure 4-13. Visual
examination of plotted data and the mean
concentrations of the copper levels during
the last 210 days show that of both sets were
very low, 0.01-0.05 mg/L and essentially no
difference between the non-softened and
softened water exposed faucets.
Furthermore, the levels were significantly
lower than the copper action of 1.3 mg/L, by
a factor of about 25.
4.1.5.4 Zinc Leaching -
4.1.5.4.1 Galvanized Loops - The zinc
leaching data (Appendix B, Tables B-5,
B-5a) from the galvanized loops are shown
in Figure 4-14. Examination of the plotted
data show zinc levels to be in the 1 to 30
mg/L range and highly variable, particularly
during the first 100 days. The data also
show the zinc levels of one non-softened
water pipe loop and the two softened water
pipe loops to be somewhat similar while the
other non-softened water pipe loop had zinc
levels consistently lower than the other three
loops. The variability and the extremely high
levels are very suggestive of the sloughing
off of particulate material, non^uniform
corrosion and passivating film development.
Because of the poor reproducibility of the
duplicate loops and high variability of day to
day zinc concentrations,' no conclusions can
be drawn about the impact of softening on
the galvanized steel.
4.1.6 Pipe Surface Analyses
Optical microscopic and X-Ray diffraction
analyses of the lead pipe specimens showed
almost no film formation for either the non-
softened or the softened water exposed
pipes. On the non-softened water lead pipes,
a very small amount of Pb3(CO3)(OH)2
(hydrocerussite) and a trace of PbCO3
(cerussite) were found. No lead
orthophosphate solids were apparent.
Additionally, X-ray diffraction analyses of
the copper pipe specimens did not show
normal film formation of Cu(II) solids, such
as CuO or Cu(OH)^ expected at high pH
under the controlled conditions. The only
identifiable solid on either the soft copper
tubing or the soldered copper pipe was Cu2O
(cuprite), which was present in small
amounts on the pipes from both the test and
control systems. More importantly, there
was also no trace of calcium containing
solids on any pipe specimens or any
crystalline solids on the galvanized pipe
specimens.
4.2 Phase IIStudy
4.2.1 Sampling Days
Phase II began on November 23, 1995, and
officially ended on March 13, 1996, the last
day for bi-weekly routine sampling (476
days). The number of sampling days during
the 17 month study period ranged from 2 to
10 per month as shown in Table 4-1 for a
total of 123 sampling days.
4.2.2 Water Usage
The pipe loop systems provided a flow rate
of approximately 1 gpm through the pipe
loops and about 0.5 gpm through the faucets
during the flowing periods. As mentioned in
the System Operation section (3.5), the flow
controller on each pipe loop was adjusted
periodically to maintain approximately
0.06L/S (1 gpm) through each loop. The
faucets, on the other hand, could not be
easily adjusted because of the use of a
mechanical hydraulic arm. Short term flow
measurements were occasionally taken using
a stop watch and a volumetric cylinder to
compare the flow rates of each individual
faucet and to adjust as necessary.
35
-------
0.30
Non-softened water, loop 1
—B— Non-softened water, loop 2
Softened water, loop 1
—•— Softened water, loop 2
0.00
0
100
200 300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-13. Copper leaching from faucets, phase I study.
36
-------
Non-softened water, loop 1
Non-softened water, loop 2
Softened water, loop 1
Softened water, loop 2
100
300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-14. Zinc leaching from galvanize pipe loops, phase I study.
37
-------
To determine the total flow through each
pipe loop system, which contained two less
loops than for the Phase I study, water meter
readings were recorded on the sampling
days. The total flow through the control
pipe loop system was 366,075 gallons (769.1
gpm) and for the test pipe loop system it was
363,481 gallons (763.6 gpm). Although the
total flows and daily rates are not identical,
they were less than 1 percent of each other.
The difference is so small that it is not
considered any effect on the metal leaching
levels obtained.
4.2.3 Source Water Quality
Because the source water for the Phase II
study was an untreated ground water, most
of the water quality parameters did not
undergo significant changes during the study
period. Seasonal temperature changes and
several environmental effects did produce,
however, some variation of several water
quality parameters. The water quality
parameters affected the most significantly by
these factors were temperature, dissolved
oxygen and chloride. The source water
quality during the study period is
summarized in Table 3-2. Specific results of
all the analyses on the source water are
contained in Appendix A.
4.2.3.1 Temperature - The temperature of
the source water varied from a high of near
19 °C to a low of near 9°C (Figure 4-15 ).
4.2.3,2 Dissolved Oxygen - The dissolved
oxygen concentration varied inversely with
temperature and ranged from a high of near
6 mg/L to a low of near 1.8 mg/L as shown
in Figure 4-16 . The variation in DO was
due to DO solubility that is temperature
dependent. This relationship between the
source water temperature and DO is shown
in Figure 4-17..
4.2.3.3 Chloride - The chloride level varied
from a low of near 60 mg/L to a high of
slightly above 100 mg/L as shown in (Figure
4-18 ). The increases in the chloride level
occurred primarily during the winter season
and were attributed to the impact of surface
water runoff shortly after road salt
applications for snow control. Although the
source water was a ground water, this
ground water is influenced by a surface
water stream.
4.2.4 Non-Softened/Softened Water Quality
A comparison of the mean values of
measured water parameters of non-softened
(control) and ion exchanged softened waters
(test) is shown in Table 3-1. The most
significant differences between the two
waters occurred with four constituents;
calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium.
In addition, as was observed during Phase I,
the pH of the source water increased slightly
by about 0.3 units as it passed through the
ion exchanger (Figure 4-19).
Except for a period of time at the beginning
of the study when the initial water softener
experience a mechanical regeneration
problem, the ion exchange softener reduced
the source (control) water calcium (84 mg/L)
and magnesium (24 mg/L) concentrations to
nearly zero, while increasing the sodium
concentration from 40 mg/L to 177 mg/L
(Figure 4- 20).
The potassium concentration in the ion
exchange softened water exhibited an
unusual pattern during the first 200 days of
the study when it both increased and
decreased as the source water passed
through the ion exchanger as seen in Figure
4-21 . After this time period, the potassium
concentration was reduced from an average
of 3.12 mg/L to 1.13 mg/L, 64 percent,
38
-------
Non-softened water
— Softened water
8
Figure 4-15. Temperature of non-softened and softened waters, phase II study.
39
-------
a
I
O
CO
CO
6 -
5 -
4 -
2 -
1 -
0
0
100
— Non-softened water
— Softened water
200 300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-16. Disolved oxygen of non-softened water and softened waters, phase II study.
40
-------
20
18 -
16 -
14
12
10 -
8
Dissolved oxygen
Temperature
100
—I 1 1—
200 300
Days
400
r 7
- 6
- 5
- 4
- 2
- 1
- 0
500
Figure 4-17. Temperature and dissolved oxygen of the non-softened
(source) water, phase II study.
*
g
too
on
41
-------
120
100 -
s
I
o
O Non-softened water
—•— Softened water
20 -
0
0
500
Figure 4-18. Chloride concentration of non-softened and
softened waters, phase II study.
42
-------
s
I
hr-l
Non-softened water
Softened water
500
Figure 4-19. ,pH of non-softened water and softened waters, phase II study.
43
-------
400
CO
o
U
Non-softened water
— Softened water
0
0
100
200 300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-20. Hardness concentration of non-softened and
softened waters, phase II study.
44
-------
o
PH
14 -
12
10 -
8 -
6 -
0
Non-softened water
— Softened water
500
Figure 4-21. Potassium concentration of non-softened and
softened waters, phase II study.
45
-------
similar to that which occurred during Phase
I. During the first 50 days, the unusual
behavior might be explained by the
regeneration problem experienced with the
first ion exchanger. The sizable increase
during the 75 to 200 day period when the ion
exchanger seemed to working well is not
explainable, however. Several brands of
regeneration salt were used during the study,
but analyses of the salt did not indicate any
potassium contamination.
4,2.5 Metal Leaching
4.2.5.1 Data Analysis- All of the metal
leaching data from Phase II were plotted in
graphical formats similar to the data
presentation of Phase I. Because most the
metal leaching data showed cyclic
fluctuations which were observed to be
dependent upon the temperature and
dissolved oxygen concentration of the source
water, statistical analysis of the data was
considered to be of no value and, therefore,
not conducted. Data presentation and
evaluation were done solely by visual
examination of the plotted data.
4.2.5.2 Lead Leaching -
4.2.5.2.1 Lead Pipe - The metal leaching
data for the lead pipe loops are shown in
Figure 4-22 . A visual examination of the
plotted data indicates that the lead leaching
from all of the pipes varied with the
dissolved oxygen and temperature of the
source water and that stabilization did not
occur. During the first 300 days, the plotted
data indicates little difference between the
non-softened and softened water exposed
pipes, while during the last 160 days the
softened water results appear to be slightly
higher.
4.2.5.2.2 Copper Soldered Pipe - The lead
leaching data-for the copper soldered pipes
are presented in Figure 4-23 . The lead data
showed the softened water loops to have
slightly higher levels (0.005 to 0.010 mg/L)
than the non-softened water results.
Because of the low levels and potential
variations in materials (soldered joints),
however, any differences in quality that may
exist can not necessarily be attributed to the
differences of the two exposure waters,
particularly because the pattern occurred
from the outset of the study.
4.2.5.2.3 Faucets - The lead leaching data for
the faucets are shown in Figure 4-24. The
lead data were somewhat similar to the
copper soldered pipe results in that the lead
of the softened water faucets appear to be
slightly higher than the non-softened water
results. Because of the low lead levels and
potential variations in materials (internal
faucets surfaces), however, the slight
differences that may exist can not necessarily
be attributed to the differences of the two
exposure waters.
4.2.5.3 Copper Leaching -
4.2.5.3.1 Copper Tubing - The copper
leaching levels from the copper tubing are
shown in Figure 4-25. As can be seen in this
figure, copper leaching was extremely
variable ranging from low concentrations of
the detectable limit of 0.003 mg/L to highs
above 6 mg/L on several occasions.
Moreover, variations in the copper levels
seemed to be highly influenced by the
dissolved oxygen content of the source
water. These large fluctuations masked any
differences that may be related to the
differences of the two exposure waters.
Twice during the Phase II study, special sets
of samples were collected at different
standing times from the pipe loops to
characterize system equilibrium and to
examine redox interactions between the pipe
46
-------
1.0 -
0.2 -
0.0
0
O Non-softened water, loop 1
—H— Non-softened water, loop 2
—•— Softened water, loop 1
—•— Softened water, loop 2
100
200 300
Days
I r
400
500
Figure 4-22. Lead leaching from lead pipe loops, phase II study
47
-------
0.10
Non-softened water, loop 1
—B— Non-softened water, loop 2
Softened water, loop 1
—•— Softened water, loop 2
0.00
Figure 4-23. Lead leaching from copper/solder pipe loops, phase II study.
48
-------
0.12
0.10
0.00
O Non-softened water, loop 1
—Q— Non-softened water, loop 2
—•— Softened water, loop 1
. —•— Softened water, loop 1
400
500
Figure 4-24. Lead leaching from faucets, phase II study.
49
-------
O Non-softened water, loop 1
—H— Non-softened water, loop 2
Softened water, loop 1
-•— Softened water, loop 2
0
0
100
200 300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-25. Copper leaching from copper tubing pipe loops, phase II study
50
-------
surfaces and the dissolved oxygen of the
exposurer water. The results and discussion
of these tests are given in the following
section on Special Studies (4.2.7).
4.2.5.3.2 Copper/Soldered Pipe - The copper
leaching levels from the copper soldered
pipes are shown,in Figure 4-26. As can be
seen in this figure, the copper leaching
pattern was somewhat similar to pattern of
the copper tubing loops except that the
variations in copper concentrations were not
as extreme. Also, no stable periods were
achieved with any of the loops and copper
leaching seemed to be highly influenced by
the dissolved oxygen content of the source
water. The discussion of the impact of
standing time on the interaction of the pipe
surfaces and DO in the following Special
Studies section (4.2.7) also applies to the
copper soldered pipe loops.
4.2.5.3.3 Faucets - The copper leaching
levels from the faucets are shown in Figure
4-27 . Once again, as can be seen in this
figure, the copper leaching pattern was, in
some degree, similar to the pattern of both
the copper tubing pipe loops and the copper
soldered pipe loops. The copper levels were
extremely variable with no stable periods
achieved with any of the faucets. During the
first 225 days, the copper levels of the
faucets exposed to the softened water show
extreme variation and levels consistently
higher the than the copper levels from the
non-softened water faucets. The reason for •
this is not known. After this period, the
copper levels of all of the loops were
somewhat similar, and at times the levels-
from the softened water exposed faucets
were even lower than those of the non-
softened water exposed faucets. During the
last 50-60 days, little difference is seen
between any of the faucets. Once again, the
discussion of the impact of standing time on
the interaction of the pipe surfaces and DO
in the following Special Studies section
(4.2.7) also applies to faucets.
4.2.6 Pipe Surface Analyses
The internal surfaces of several sections of
pipe loops were examined by x-ray
diffraction to determine and compare the
composition of the surface films. Although
the tests were far from being comprehensive
and the results showed no major film
formation on any of the pipe sections, some
small differences were noted between the
non-softened and softened water exposed
pipes. For the lead pipe, both non-softened
water exposed pipes showed major peaks of
Pb and PbO and minor peaks of PbCO3
(cerussite) and Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2
(hydrocerussite). The softened water
exposed pipe showed the identical four solids
to be the major ones. PbO seemed to be a
more pronounced component for the non-
softened water. The PbCO3 was not
uniformly distributed on the surface of the
pipes from the softened water.
Comparing the test results of two
copper/soldered pipes, the softened water
exposed pipe had very little film formation;
Cu2O was the only crystalline solid. The
non-softened water exposed pipe had major
peaks of Cu2(CO3)(OFf)2 (malachite), arid
CuO2 (tenorite). Both specimens from the
soft copper tubing showed only Cu2O
present at the surface, whether the water was
softened or not. None of the pipe section
surfaces examined, lead or copper, showed
any calcium based film compounds. Overall,
the deposits reflect surface conditions
indicating cycling between a relatively anoxic
and slightly oxic environments. The anoxic
conditions appear to be very significant to
the nature of the solids formed.
51
-------
8
7 J
6-
)— Non-softened water, loop 1
]— Non-softened water, loop 2
h- Softened water, loop 1
I— Softened water,, loop 2
0
0
100 200 300
Days
400
500
Figure 4-26. Copper leaching from copper/solder pipe loops, phase study II.,
52
-------
0.6
0.0
0
Non-softened water, loop 1
Non-softened water, loop 2
Softened water, loop 1
Softened water, loop 2
100
200
400
Days
500
Figure 4-27. Copper leaching from faucets, phase II study.
53
-------
4.2.7 Special Studies
Twice during the Phase II study (during 161-
184 day period and during 455-462 day
period), special sets of samples were
collected from the lead and copper tubing
pipe loops to characterize system equilibrium
and to examine redox interactions between
the pipe surfaces and dissolved oxygen.
During each time period, standing times
were varied before sample collection to
establish a relationship between standing
time and metal leaching and dissolved
oxygen. For lead pipe, both the non-
softened and softened water exposed pipes,
the shape of the stagnation curves as well as
the peak lead levels appeared to be similar
and independent of pipe age and exposure
water (Figure 4-28 ). The stagnation profiles
were exponential in form, rising rapidly over
the first 10 hours, and then followed by a
gradual leveling off. Lead levels continued
to increase up to about 90 hours and the
dissolved oxygen decreased almost linearly
with time.
In contrast to the lead pipe results, the
copper leaching stagnation profile results of
the copper tubing showed a difference
between the pipes exposed to non-softened
and softened water. For the pipes exposed
to the softened water, the shape of the
copper stagnation profile was independent of
pipe age as shown for the copper tubing
results in Figure 4-29. A difference in the
maximum concentration of the two test sets
did occur, however. Copper levels increased
to maximum levels (4.4 and 6.8 mg/L) after
approximately 20 to 25 hours, of standing
time before dropping to less than 0.5 mg/L
by 72 to 92 hours (161-184 day tests). Peak
copper levels corresponded to the time when
the dissolved oxygen was reduced to below
1 mg/L in the standing water. These results
are assumed to reflect the redox chemistry
interaction between dissolved oxygen,
metallic copper, cuprous (Cu1+) ions, and
cupric (Cu2+) ions.13'14
The copper leaching levels and dissolved
oxygen profiles for the pipes exposed to the
non-softened water were different from
those of the softened water. For the non-
softened water exposed pipes, copper levels
increased more sharply reaching maximum
levels in less than 8 hours. After peaking,
the copper levels decreased gradually to
approximately 2 mg/L after 72 to 92 hours
(161-184 day tests). Once again, the shift in
direction in copper concentration
corresponded to the point where dissolved
oxygen dropped to approximately 1 mg/L in
the standing water. The results of these tests
showed that the dissolved oxygen decreased
more rapidly in the non-softened water than
in the softened water pipe loops, falling to
undetectable levels after only 6 to 8 hours.
During the second testing period, 455-462
days, a set of samples was also collected
from the copper/soldered pipe loops. The
results of tests are plotted in Figure 4-30 and
as would be expected, the results show a
pattern similar to the copper tubing test
results of Figure 4-29 for the same period of
time.
The results of these special copper pipe tests
showed that 17 hours standing time for the
study did not represent, equilibrium
conditions during the periods of time these
sample were collected. Also, although the
copper levels were similar in magnitude at 17
hours, non-softened and softened water
copper results did not fall on the same point
on their respective stagnation curves. At 17
hours, the sampling point for the non-
softened water fell on the down swing while
54
-------
Non-softened water (avg. Pb cone.)
— Softened water (avg. Pb cone.)
Non-softened water (avg.DO cone.)
—Q— Softened water (avg DO cone.)
*§> 0.6 ^
161-184 days
0.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Standing time - hours
1.0
h- Non-softened water (Avg Pb cone.)
I— Softened water (Avg Pb cone.)
Non-softened water (Avg DO cone.)
—El— Softened water (Avg DO cone.)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
- Standing time - hours
70
80 90 100
r 6
- 5
- 4
- 3
- 2
- 0
80
r6
~5 d
TS
i
hs i
o o
-2 &
- 1 j£
o
CO
CO
§
!
a
8
I
0)
- 1 ^
O
CO
CO
Figure 4-28. Effect of stagnation time,on lead leaching and dissolved oxygen
• of lead pipes, phase II study.
55
-------
Non-softened water (avg. Cu cone.)
— Softened water (avg. Cu cone.)
Non-softened water (avg. Cu cone.)
—S— Softened water (avg. Cu cone.)
161-184 days
i- 6
0
4!
fl
3 8
I
2 ,&
- 1
L 0
0 10 20
30 40 50 60 70
Standing time - hours
90 100
Non-softened water (avg Cu cone.)
— Softened water (avg Cu cone)
Non-softened water (avg DO cone."
— Softened water(avg DO cone.)
455-462 days
0
r 6
-5
- 4
- 3
- 2
- 1
L 0
1
(D
O
§
bQ
I
T3
I
'OT
.22
30 40 50
Standing time - hours
Figure 4-29. Effect of stagnation time on copper leaching and dissolved oxygen
of copper tubing, phase II study.
56
-------
Non-softened water (avg Cu cone.)
Softened water (avg Cu cone.)
Non-softened water (avg.DO cone.
Softened water (avg. DO cone.)
455-462 days
- 5
- 4
- 3
- 2
30 40 50
Standing time
Figure 4-30. Effect of stagnation time on copper leaching and dissolved
oxygen of copper/solder pipe loops, phase II study.
§
-------
the softened water point fell on the upswing
of the curves. The difference in profile
shapes suggest that the difference in the
hardness concentration may have had some
indirect impact on the copper dissolved
oxygen reaction that took place during the
stagnation time. There is no physical
evidence from the pipe surfaces, however, to
confirm or reject such a hypothesis. These
large fluctuations masked any differences
that may be related to the differences in
hardness of the two exposure waters.
The extremely high levels of copper in all the
copper loops are mainly attributable to the
water quality (pH, DIG, and DO). Although
the sample standing time of 17 hours (that
was about twice the standing time of the
Phase I) plays some role, copper(II)
solubility determined by pH and DIG is likely
to be more significant. Based upon the
Copper (II) equilibrium solubility diagram of
Schock et al12, copper(H) solubility of the
Phase II water is about 3 mg/L in contrast to
only about 0.02 mg/L for Phase I. The
observed difference is of similar magnitude
to that predicted based upon system
chemistry differences., being approximately 3
mg/L compared to approximately 0.1 mg/1.
Because of the highly non-equilibrium nature
of the loop systems in this water, however,
comparisons to theoretical models should
not be taken very literally.
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Cyclical variations and the relatively short
duration of the study prevented achieving
constant metal levels, or reproducible cycling
in response to background water chemistry
changes. Physical differences in the initial
pipe surfaces or exposed metal areas (e.g.,
solders) caused enough variability between
loops that the duplicates could not be paired
for statistical"evaluations. Moreover, lead
leaching levels of the soldered copper loops
and faucets were very low and therefore
most of the test data did not lend itself to the
statistical tests generally applied to the
evaluation corrosion control test results.
Consequently, the general conclusions drawn
from the study were based primarily upon
visual examination of the plotted test data.
5.1 Phase I
Visual examination of the Phase I data
(Figures 4-8 to 4-14) suggests little
difference in metal levels between the two
systems and where differences were
apparent, there was no pattern of the
softened water metal levels being higher than
the non-softened water levels. The only
observed data to have consistent differences
in metal levels throughout the study were the
lead levels from the lead pipe loops where
the levels of the non-softened water loops
were always 0.05 to 0.06 mg/L higher than
the softened levels.
The lead levels observed for the lead pipe are
higher by a factor of three than would be
expected for a water of the same pH and
DIG.10"12 Therefore, the behavior of lead in
this study suggests the presence of an
interferant to normal passivation film
formation. X-ray diffraction analyses of pipe
specimens showed almost no film formation,
and no significant amounts of basic lead
carbonate as would be expected. At this
DIC/pH combination, the difference in lead
solubility for the small pH difference
between the softened and non-softened
water should be minimal. Therefore, some
surface reaction not directly resulting from
hydroxide or carbonate ion probably
occurred.
The lead levels from the faucets were
observed to be slightly higher in the softened
58
-------
water system, but the absolute levels were
very low, less than 0.007 mg/L. The lead
levels from the copper solder pipe were both
near the detection limit of 0.002 mg/L except
for several spikes during the last eight
months of the study. This concentration
range can be accounted for by differences in
joint surface exposure as well as corrosivity,
so it suggests little or no difference.
During the last six months of the study, the
copper levels of the copper tubing loops
were about 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L higher in the
softened water loops while there was
essentially no difference between the copper
levels of copper pipes or faucets of the two
systems. Additionally, copper levels from
soft and hard copper pipe are higher than
would be expected based on current
experimental and theoretical work.6'7'13"16
X-ray diffraction analyses of pipe specimens
from this project did not show normal film
formation of Cu(II) solids, such as
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2, CuO2, or Cu(OH)2 under
controlled conditions. Abnormally higher
copper levels have been previously observed
in presence of 60-120 mg/L sulfate at pH
8.1-8.8 6. However, this study water also
contains, in addition to significant sulfate,
appreciable polyphosphate and
polyphosphate is known to increase lead
solubility at least at pH 8 and above.17'24"26.
Similar effects on copper would be expected.
5.2 Phase II
Visual examination of the data (Figures 4-22
to 4-27) from Phase II reveals that the
absolute metal levels from all of the
plumbing materials to be significantly higher
than the results of Phase I. The higher levels
are attributed to several factors, but most
importantly to the differences in water
quality (pH, DIG and DO) and in some cases
in standing times, 17 hours verses 7+ hours.
The general outcome of Phase II, however,
was very similar to the overall results of
Phase I where there was no pattern of the
softened water metal levels being higher than
the non-softened water levels.
The copper levels from the copper soldered
pipes, the soft copper tubing and faucets
show extreme variability and have a great
dependency on the DO content of the water
initially and at the time of sampling.
Standing time tests conducted on the copper
pipes showed copper levels differed over the
course of stagnation. The rate of increase
and subsequent decrease were in direct
relationship to the DO level of the water and
also differed between the copper pipes
exposed to the non-softened and softened
waters. All of these factors were observed
to have such a great influence on the copper
levels that any potential impact of hardness
could not be measured on these test systems.
In summary, considering all of the lead,
copper, and zinc leaching data from all loops
and faucets from both studies, there is no
clear evidence of a pattern that the ion
exchange softened waters systematically
produced higher metal levels than the non-
softened waters under otherwise identical
conditions. Copper (especially) and lead
displayed relationships to water oxidant level
that appeared to differ between non-softened
and softened waters and, therefore, the effect
of hardness could not be isolated.
Except for the decrease in calcium levels, the
softened water did not change any of the
significant water quality corrosion
parameters that would cause a prediction of
higher metals leaching in the softened water
system. The ion exchange softening process
increased the pH of the control waters by 0.2
to 0.3 units which could have a slight
59
-------
beneficial effect on metal leaching.
Corrosion inhibitor anions, such as HPO4"2
and PO4"3, can pass through the system, so
ion exchange should not impact them
adversely.
These studies involved only two water
qualities and many chemical and physical
characteristics can affect corrosiveness, so
the results cannot be extrapolated to all
water qualities. These results do indicate,
however, that ion exchanged softened water
will not necessarily produce higher metal
levels.
60
-------
6. References
1. Lead Control Strategies. AWWA
Research Foundation, Denver, CO.
(1990).
2. Schock, M. R. Causes of Temporal
Variability of Lead in Domestic
Plumbing Systems. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment. 15:59
(1990).
3. Karalekas, P. C., Jr. Lead and Other
Trace Metals in Drinking Water in
the Boston Metropolitan Area,
JNEWWA 90:150 (\976~).
4. Murrell, N. E. Impact of Lead and
Other Metallic Solders on Water
Quality. EPA/600/S2-90/056, ORD,
USEPA, Cincinnati, OH
(February 1991).
5. Reiber, S.H., et al. Corrosion in
Water Distribution Systems of the
Pacific Northwest. EPA/600/S2-
87/042, ORD USEPA, Cincinnati,
OH (November 1987).
6. Schock, M. R., Lytle, D. A. and
Clement, J. A. Effect of pH, DIG,
Orthophosphate and Sulphate on
Drinking Water Cuprosolvency.
EPA/600/R-95/085, USEPA, ORD,
National Risk Management Lab,
Cincinnati, Ohio. (June 1995).
7. Edwards, M., Schock, M. R &
Meyer, T.E. and. Alkalinity, pH and
Copper Corrosion By-Product
Release. JAWWA, 88:3:81 ,
(March 1996).
8. Larson, T.E. Corrosion by Domestic
Waters. Bulletin 59, Illinois Stare
Water Survey, Urbana, IL (1995).
9. Le'grand, L. & LeRoy, P.
Pr 'evention de la Corrosion et de
I 'Entarage dans les R 'eseaux de
Distribution d'Eau. CIFEC, Neuilly-
sur-Seine, France, (1995)
10. Schock, M. R. Response of Lead
solubility to Dissolved Carbonate in
Drinking Water. JAWWA, 72:12:965
(December 1980).
11. Schock, M. R. Response of Lead
Solubility to Dissolved Carbonate in
Drinking Water. JAWWA, 73:3:36
(March ,1981).
12. Schock, M. R. and Gardels, M. C.
Plumbsolvency Reduction by High
and Low Carbonate-Solubility
Relationships. JAWWA, 75:2:87
(February 1983).
13. Schock, M. R. Understanding
Corrosion Control Strategies for
Lead. JA WWA, 81:7:88 (July 1989).
14. Schock, M. R., Lytle, D. A. and
Clement, J. A. Modeling Issues of
Copper Solubility in Drinking Water.
Proceedings ASCE National
Conference on Environmental
Engineering, Boulder, CO
(July 11-13, 1994).
61
-------
15. Schock, M. R., Lytle, D. A. and 22.
Clement, J. A. Effects of pH
Carbonate, Orthophosphate and
Redox Potential on Cuprosolvency.
NACE Corrosion/95, Orlando, FL.
(March 20-24, 1995).
16. Meyer, T. E. and Edwards, M. 23.
Effect of Alkalinity on Copper
Corrosion. Proceedings ASCE
National Conference on
Environmental Engineering,
Boulder, CO. (July 11-13, 1994).
17. Dodrill, D. M. and Edwards, M.
Corrosion Control on the Basis of 24.
Utility Experience. JAWWA, 87:7:74
(July 1995).
18. Marshall, W. Copper in Drinking
Water: What the Lead and Copper
Rule Tells Us and What it Doesn't
Tell Us. Proceedings AWWA Water
Quality Technology Conference, San
Francisco, CA. 25.
(November 6-10, 1994).
19. Gardels, M.C. and Sorg, T.J. A
Laboratory Study of the Leaching of
Lead from Water Faucets. JAWWA,
81:7:101 (July 1989). 26.
20. Drinking Water Regulations:
Maximum Contaminant Level Goals
and National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations for Lead and Copper.
Final Rule. Fed. Reg.,
56:110:26460 (June 1991).
21. ASTMD513-92
Schock, M. R. & George, G. K.
Comparison of Methods for
Determination of Dissolved Inorganic
Carbonate (DIG). Proceedings:
AWWA Water Quality Technology
Conference, Orlando, FL, (1991).
Quality Assurance Plan: Laboratory
Operation and Standard Operating
Procedures for Analysis and Quality
Assurance. Inorganics and
Particulates Control Branch, DWRD,
RREL, USEPA, Cincinnati, OH
(1994 draft).
Holm, T. R. and Smothers, S. H.
Characterizing the Lead-Complexing
Properties of Polyphosphate Water
Treatment Products by Competing-
Ligand Spectrophotometry Using 4-
(2-Pyridylazo) Resorcinol.
Int.Environ. Anal. Chem, 41:71.
(1990).
Holm, T. R. and Schock, M. R.
Potential Effects of Polyphosphate
Products on Lead Solubility in
Plumbing Systems. JAWWA, 83:7:76
(July 1991).
Holm, T.R. and Schock, M. R.
Polyphosphate Debate (Reply to
Comment). JAWWA, 83:12:10,
(December 1991).
62
-------
Appendix A
63
-------
Table A-l. Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase I study.H
j_DaJe_4
11/12/9?
11/16/92
11/1§524
11/23/9?
11/26/92!
11/30/92!
12/02/92
12/07^
12/09/92;
J2£t4/92;
12/16/92
12/21/921
12/23/9?
12/28/92
12/30/92*
01/04/934
01/06/93!
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93'
01/25/93
01/27/93,
02/01/93!
02/03/93
02/08/93
OJ2/10/93J
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93S
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93j
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
J4m/93j
04/21/931
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/1 7/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
Daysl
0!
4
6
11!
13
18
20
25
27
32'
34
ZHH
41 f
46
48
53
55;
60;
62
69
w
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
J255
"1301
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
181
186
188
193
195
202
207
; 209
214
223
228
PH
8.95
9.17
9.44 j
9.04
~O22f
9.31
9.12
9.38
9.14
_M§4
9.15
9.02
9.17
8.78
9.25
9.20
9.30
9.10
8.94
9.09
8.58
9.11
9.12
9.01
9.04
9.17
9.14
9.00
9.18
9.24
8.80
9.17
9.14
9.43
9.15
9.15
L_?-96
9.08
9.27
8.85
8.93
9.27
9.21
9.22
9.08
9.18
9.55
j_9.13
9.07
9.25
! 9.1£
'"lug
9.2£
8.93
9.16
9.21
9.21
9.19
9.2£
DO
5.60
7.60
5.80
6.20
6.40
6.20
5.40
5.30
5.40
5.80
5.60
5.30
6.00
7.60
8.20
7.20
7.40
7.10
7.30
7.50
7.30
7.40
7.30
7.50
7.20
7.25
7.30
7.80
7.70
7.90
7.60
7.50
7.90
7.92
7.55
8.40
7.35
7.62
5.80
5.60
5.25
5.90
5.40
5.30
6.20
6.10
4.8C
5.0C
5.5C
6.1C
5.95
6.60
7.6C
7.4C
7.1C
•4.2(
6.95
- .7.0C
7.4C
Temp
18.2
16.7
16.8
16.6
16.2
16.5
16.3
16.2
16.0
15.8
16.7
16.3
15.3
16.8
17.3
16.4
16.4
15.9
15.4
14.6
15.0
15.1
15.1
15.1
14.5
15.4
14.8
14.2
14.5
15.0
15.3
15.5
13.8
13.6
14.6
15.7
14.9
14.2
15.1
14.3
13.6
14.1
14.6
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.1
14.E
19.7
15.E
15.4
14.6
14.C
13^
13.1
13.7
13.^
13.7
13>
FCI2
1.12
1.06
1.03
1.12
1.36
0.91
1.12
1.11
1.20
1.22
1.11
1.15
1.15
1.04
1.10
1.03
1.01
1.07
1.11
1.04
1.22
1.17
0.97
0.98
1.00
1.03
1.05
1.02
1.14
1.03
0.99
0.99
1.07
0.97
1.10
0.93
1.10
1.16
1.25
1.07
1.08
1.06
0.90
1.07
1.01
1.12
1.12
1.1C
1.04
1.1C
0.9£
0.97
1.1C
1.10
1.06
1.12
0.97
1.02
0.8C
TCI2
1.19
1.10
1.11
1.20
1.43
0.97
1.17
1.16
1.20
1.30
1.19
1.23
1.21
1.23
1.17
1.12
1.07
1.14
1.18
1.12
1.29
1.27
1.04
1.04
'1.05
1.10
1.09
1.10
1.21
1.09
1.04
1.06
1.11
1.04
1.10
1.00
1.16
1.21
1.31
1.12
1.14
1.13
0.97
1.13
1.07
1.18
1.21
1.16
1.1C
1.18
1.07
1.05
1.17
1.16
1.13
1.21
1.04
1.10
0.8£
Cu
-0.005
-0.005
-0.005
-0.004
-0.006
-0.008
0.001
-0.003
0.010
-0.005
0.002
0.005
0.007
0.000
0.003
-0.003
-0.003
-0.003
-0.003
-0.003
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.003
-0.007
-0.005
-0.004
-0.008
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.004
0.004
0.003
-0.003
-0.008
0.006
0.000
-0.005
-0.008
0.006
0.004
•0.010
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.00'
Pb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
' 0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.00'
Zn
0.003
-0.007
-0.01 1
-0.009
-0.007
-0.009
-0.010
-0.006
-0.016
-0.01 1
-0.007
-0.004
-0.011
-0.008
-0.011
-0.013
-0.009
-0.009
-0.012
-0.010
-0.012
-0.013
-0.013
-0.011
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.004
-0.009
-0.011
-0.009
-0.010
-0.012
-0.011
-0.009
-0.009
-0.007
-0.006
-0.007
-0.003
-0.003
0.000
-0.005
-0.005
-0.003
-0.004
-0.003
-0.005
-0.006
-0.007
-0.007
-0.010
-0.012
-0.010
-0.009
-0.008
0.006
0.003
Ca
29.4
28.4
27.9
29.1
30.0
29.1
29.4
29.6
29.1
28.7
27.9
29.0
28.9
28.8
26.5
25.2
26.6
26.9
27.3
26.6
26.6
2b.b
26.6
26.2
24.7
17.4
26.7
26.4
27.3
26.9
25.5
24.b
2b.b
26.6
25.5
26.7
26.4
26. /
28.0
27.0
26.7
25.0
26.1
26.4
24. /
24.7
26.4
24.7
25.8
24.3
2b.b
24.5
20.6
24.9
24.b
24.1
Cl
53.1
56.0
50.9
49.2
47.6
52.5
51.9
52.4
51.7
50.0
49.9
49.7
48.8
49.8
48.9
49.4
49.7
b4.6
47.3
50.2
4fa.6
46.3
46.9
48.5
45.7
47.6
45.1
40.5
47.0
46.3
44.8
48.5
46:8
46.1
45.8
45.5
46.9
43.9
45.5
42.4
4A1
46. /
43.5
43.6
43.1
42.7
41.6
42.6
44.4
41.4
41.6
41 .b
41.8
41.1
41.3
40.3
41.2
40.0
Fe
0.003
0.003
-0.008
0.001
0.011
-0.022
0.017
0.023
-0.007
0.004
0.000
0.000
-0.010
-0.020
-0.010
-0.001
0.003
-0.004
-0.009
-0.008
0.004
-0.006
-0.006
-0.006
0.018
0.033
0.010
0.010
0.002
0.029
0.006
0.019
0.012
-0.006
-0.015
-0.018
0.131
-0.010
0.003
0.003
-0.006
-0.006
-0.006
-0.006
-0.004
-0.012
-0.001
0.029
0.019
0.029
0.001
0.007
-0.002
0.022
-0.004
0.002
-0.001
F
1.00
1.10
0.96
1.00
1.11
0.80
0.92
1.12
0.93
0.96
1.02
0.94
0.86
1.03
0.92
2.4b
0.89
1.19
1.13
1.00
0.89
1.04
0.90
0.88
1.0/
0.99
0.95
0.96
0.91
1.01
0.82
0.94
1.0b
1.06
1.0b
0./2
0.87
0.91
1.00
0.93
1.06
0.82
0.85
1.01
U.88
0.90
1.05
0.98
0.79
1.07
0.90
0.90
0.92
0.47
1.18
0.8/
K
3.88
3.94
3.68
3.51
3V8
3.84
3.82
3.86
3.70
3.70
3.6 /
3.h1
3./2
3.b6
3.b2
3.46
3.72
3.63
3.69
3.53
3.62
3./1
3.62
3.64
3.31
2.39
3.42
3.45
3.40
3.38
3.52
3.44
3.bO
3.4b
3.53
3.07
3.16
2.96
3.14
3.13
2.99
3.35
3.13
3.14
3.13
3.25
3.05
3:22
2.92
3.1fa
3.28
3.17
3:05
3.12
3.3fa
3.12
Mg
24.9
25.1
24.2
23.7
24.6
24.0
24.8
24.7
24.9
24.4
24.1
23.8
24.9
23.0
24.9
24.3
25.8
24.5
25.7
23.8
24.2
24.6
25.5
24.5
22.5
16.5
24.0
23.1
23.6
25.6
23.8
24.4
23.4
24.5
,25.0
23.3
22.5
24.7
24.4
24.0
24.4
24.7
23.6
24.0
24.4
24.8
23.5
24.9
24.6
25.3
24.5
23.6
18.6
24.6
•25.1
24.4
Mn
0.0074
0.0069
O.Q040
-0.0088
-0.0023
-0.0018
-0.0003
0.0001
-0.0038
-0.0032
-0.0032
-0.0032
-0.0032
-0.0032
-0.0010
-0.0003
0.0000
0.0003
-0.0002
0.0006
0.0015
0.0032
-0.0016
-0.0016
-0.0016
-0.0016
-0.0016
-0.0016
-0.0048
-0.0067
-0.0085
0.0133
0.0008
-0.0056
-0.0064
-0.0007
0.0021
0.0006
• 0.0000
-0.0005
-0.0047
-0.0047
-0.0047
-0.0073
0.0015
-0.0033
-0.0022
0.0052
-0.0004
Na
33.1
34.7
30.2
28.6
30.2
31.8
31.8
31.0
32.5
30.6
29.6
29.6
32.5
30.6
29.6
29.6
34.1
28.5
29.6
,27.1
27.1
27.1
28.8
28.8
28.0
19.0
27.7
26.7
26.8
30.6
27.5
26.9
26.3
25.6
25.8
25.3
25.2
25.2
27.8
27.1
,26.4
26.1
24.7
25.7
24.5
25.5
24.1
24.4
23.0
23.0
22.5
22.9
18.5
22.4
23.8
22.8
* AH units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C
64
-------
Table A-l. Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase I study.'
Date
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
1 1/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
230
237
242
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
PH
9.29
9.29
9.43
9.17
9.24
9.13
9.21
9.22
9.18
9.25
9.30
9.04
8.78
9.03
8.99
9.14
8.92
8.99
8.96
8.99
9.12
9.02
9.18
8.96
8.97
9.04
9.08
8.85
8.92
9.00
8.85
8.85
8.02
8.90
8.98
9.05
8.80
8.94
9.05
9.04
9.16
8.92
9.04
8.85
9.11
9.13
9.27
9.27
9.01
9.13
8.85
9.16
8.83
9.14
9.09
9.03
9.10
9.12
9.25
DO
6.75
7.27
6.31
6.60
5.73
5.29
6.33
6.71
6.45
5.16
6.40
6.93
7.34
6.73
6.55
6.89
7.28
6.71
5.22
6.27
5.70
5.95
6.11
6.91
5.44
7.63
7.07
7.66
7.23
7.02
7.50
7.06
8.02
7.10
7.24
7.36
7.40
• 7.51
7.20
7.89
7.59
7.84
7.63
7.86
7.76
8.02
8.03
8.27
8.03
7.99
8.12
8.51
8.58
8.89
8.75
8.22
8.42
8.22
8.46
Temp
13.7
13.9
14.5
14.1
14.3
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.9
14.8
15.0
14.6
14.9
14.9
15.1
15.1
14.8
15.1
15.4
16.2
16.2
15.3
15.1
15.0
15.5
15.6
15.9
16.6
16.4
16.1
15.0
15.5
15.7
15.8
15.8
15.8
15.6
15.8
15.6
16.0
15.2
15.8
16.3
. 15.9
15.4
15.6
19.9
15.0
15.2
15.3
15.0
15.0
14.6
14.2
13.9
13.9
13.7
14.3
FCI2
0.95
1.03
1.10
1.10
1.11
0.92
0.94
1.11
1.00
0.98
1.12
0.93
0.98
1.11
0.97
0.96
1.05
0.98
1.05
1.07
1.28
1.08
1.26
1.18
0.95
0.97
0.95
0.95
0.92
0.96
0.98
0.92
0.92
1.02
1.02
0.97
0.93
0.96
0.97
.03
.03
.01
0.85
.02
.01
1.00
1.05
1.19
1.03
1.14
1.03
0.98
0.93
1.01
1.00
1.06
1.06
1.00
0.98
TCI2
1.02
1,11
1.16
1.15
1.20
1.01
1.01
1.17
1.06
1.06
1.21
1.07
1.10
1.20
1.06
1.04
1.16
1.05
1.11
1.18
1.36
1.15
1.34
1.26
1.05
1.06
1.04
1.04
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.00
1.00
1.12
1.11
1.04
1.04
1.08
1.06
1.12
1.13
1.09
0.92
1.10
1.09
1.07
1.10
1.26
1.10
1.19
1.09
1.04
1.01
1.10
1.10
1.12
1.13
1.07
1.05
Cu
o.oo-
O.OOI
0.000
0.00'
O.OOI
o.oo-
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
-0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
-0.005
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
-0.002
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.000
0.001
0.002
Pfc
o.oo-
O.OOI
0.000
O.OOI
O.OOl
O.OOI
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.00'
o.ooc
o.ooc
0.000
-0.00'
o.oo-
o.ooc
-o.oo-
0.000
0.00'
-0.00'
o.ooc
o.ooc
0.000
0.001
o.ooc
0.000
-0.001
o.ooc
0.000
-0.001
o.ooc
O.OOC
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
o.ooc
o.ooc
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
Zn
O.OOl
0.005
O.OOI
O.OOI
0.01:
O.OOl
0.012
O.OOI
0.007
0.00"
0.01C
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.02C
0.005
0.006
0.072
0.00"
0.006
0.01;
0.006
0.011
-0.001
o.ooc
o.oo;
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
o.ooc
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
o.ooc
o.ooc
-0.001
-0.003
o.ooc
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
-0.002
0.000
Ca
25.£
25.I
23.7
26.'
23.?
24.5
24.5
25.2
25.C
24.'
24.2
25.5
25.7
25.£
23.£
25.6
25.6
26.'
26.6
25.7
25.2
26.6
25.C
24.2
23.6
22.S
24.7
23.1
24.c
25.2
25.C
26.C
26.2
25.1
25.5
25.1
25.6
24.7
Xi4
W 4
24.6
24.0
24.7
23.4
23.6
23.3
24.1
26.3
24.3
23.8
24.5
•/•41
24.8
25.2
25.0
25.9
2b1
C
42J
40.5
41.:
39."
395
38.£
39.5
39.2
39.I
3/.6
39.*
39.'
38.7
41.6
41.2
42.6
40 :•
42.'
43.?
47.7
47.'
43.J
41.1
45.?
49.1
49.£
46.6
49.6
49.C
49.C
51 .5
so.;
50f
51.4
65.1
56,1
49.6
s?ri
49.5
471
48.0
46.4
48.0
46.8
46.6
464
45.4
45.1
4h1
44.5
45.6
46.1
47.2
47.8
4/?
47.4
46.9
Fe
0.00'
0.00'
0.007
O.OOE
O.OOl
0.00
-0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.00
-0.002
0.00"
0.21C
0.002
0.00'
0.002
0.006
0.002
0.00"
o.oo-
O.OOC
-0.00-
o.ooc
0.001
0.001
0.00"
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
o.oo;
. 0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
o.ooc
0.002
0.01C
0.002
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.003
0.022
0.001
0.042
0.003
0.003
0.008
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C 65
F
0.9;
1.0'
0.87
0.8I
0.82
1.0;
1.0;
1 0?
0.95
0.8£
0.99
0.89
0.87
0.90
DR9
0.85
0.82
0.81
0.94
0.91
0.88
K
31"
3.22
3?i
31-
3.04
3.33
3?5
3?3
3?3
3?7
3.22
3.17
303
3.15
3.23
3.25
31R
349
3.55
3 fin
36"
3.64
343
3.50
358
41fi
3?1
3.69
34f
317
5.44
4.00
4.05
4.20
4.94
4.96
461
5.08
4.74
2.93
3.06
?97
?S4
3.06
2.94
3.65
3.72
3 48
36?
334
6.39
3.96
374
3.78
373
3.68
3R1
Mg
22 7
22.3
23.4
23.0
22.9
24.'
24.'
23.6
23.5
22.9
22.6
23.0
23.7
24.0
22.7
22.9
22.3
23.6
24.2
22.4
22 9
24.2
23.6
24.1
23.6
23.2
23.5
234
24.5
23.8
24.1
23.0
23.7
24.2
24.0
?41
23.8
23.8
21.9
22.1
22.8
23.8
24.0
23 2
22 3
22.0
23.4
23.4
23.5
23.0
23.9
23.5
23.0
,23.2
24.0
23.9
23 2
Mn
-0.0003
-0.0003
0.0003
-0.0004
-0.0006
0.0000
-0.0006
-0.0002
-0.0007
-0.0005
-0.0001
-0.0006
0.0001
0.0004
-0.0001
-0.0005
-0.0006
-0.0002
-0.0005
-0.0002
-0.0004
-0.0007
-0.0008
-0.0006
-0.0003
0.0000
0.3924
-0.0009
-0.0004
0.0001
0.0001
-0.0004
-0.0004
-0.0005
-0.0006
-0.0007
-0.0007
0.0005
-0.0001
-0.0004
-0.0006
-0.0006
-0.0001
-0.0003
-0.0001
-0.0004
0.0008
-0.0004
0.0003
-0.0002
0.0001
-0.0001
-0.0002
-0.0005
-0.0005
-0.0001
-0.0004
Na
23.5
22 3
23.8
21.3
22 4
22 2
23.8
22 2
23.0
21.2
222
21.8
21.4
23.0
23.2
24.8
23.1
25.2
23.9
25.4
27.4
25.8
21.9
27.3
27.4
27.9
25.0
26.4
27.6
27.5
28.0
25.9
27.6
29.7
31.2
32 9
26.2
29 9
25.7
25.3
26.6
26.6
28.5
27.0
25.8
26.1
25.8
24.3
26.6
26.3
27.0
25.7
26.7
27.5
26.5
26.3
26.4
-------
r
Table A-l. Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase I study.*
Date j
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/9j>
J]/23/92{
11/26/92!
jn/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92J
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
_NH3
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.06
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
r~ o.od
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.02
0.00
-0.03
-0.03
I -0.09
I -0.09
-0.07
; -0.09
i -0.01
I
i
' -0.01
-0.01
NO3'
1.63:
1.81
1.57
1.48,
1.481
1.60:
1.45
1.52
1.42
1.64
1.63
1.64
1.39
1.58
1.50
1.83
1.55
1.44
1.44
1.96
1.66
2.77
2.94
2.91
2.73
2.91
2.51
2.55
2.64
2.58
2.62
3.15
2.81
2.45
2.69
2.35
2.69
2.84
3.15
2.68
2.94
2.86
2.12
3.23
3.07
2.06
2.22
3.28
2.91
3.46
,3.09
3.18
3.51
2.86
-2,86
3.07
P
0.152
0.129
0.075
0.120
0.157
0.166
PO4
0.11
0.11
0.07
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.54
0.09
0.07
0.13
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.11
0.39
0.10
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.20
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
T-PO4
0.43
0.48
0.47
0.39
0.51
0.21
0.91
0.27
0.41
0.32
0.42
0.39
0.40
0.46
0.31
0.31
0.29
0.27
0.38
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.68
0.38
0.47
0.44
0.43
0.58
0.60
0.48
0.45
0.44
0.51
0.41
0.52
0.43
0.40
0.37
0.36
0.57
0.39
0.52
0.44
0.41
0.35
0.41
0.77
0.43
0.35
0.34
. 0.43
0.42
0.35
0.38
0.03
0.40
0.40
Si
4.29
4.34
3.59
4.37
4.45
4.48
SiO2
11.12
11.38
10.87
11.63
11.89
10.56
10.55
10.56
9.92
9.92
- 9.65
10.20
9.92
9.50
9.90
9.72
9.63
10:76
10.47
10.91
9.59
10.36
10.23
9.82
10.09
9.16
8.51
11.70
11.14
11.42
11.45
11.16
11.16
11.74
10.29
10.22
10.22
9.96
9.75
9.78
9.38
10.04
9.51
10.18
9.98
9.46
9.43
9.71
9.43
9.43
10.07
10.43
10.66
10.19
10.25
10.51
Sn
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
S
22.3
22.1
18.6
23.2
24.0
22.2
SO4
72.6
72.6
69.2
72.6
72.6
72.6
77.1
74.3
76.1
75.2
73.3
72.4
75.0
75.0
76.5
76.5
73.9
77.0
72.9
71.0
70.2
71.4
69.1
72.7
72.3
71.0
65:7
61.6
71.9
71.9
69.5
72.6
67.1
69.2
70.3
70.2
68.8
66.0
66.2
67.2
66.2
65.2
67.2
65.2
66.2
66.2
61.7
65.6
68.8
63.7
62.3
60.6
64.1
63.3
66.6
65.2
65.5
64.5
T-a!k
80.9
79.0
69.2
76.8
74.5
77.4
15.3
79.2
75.8
78.8
79.1
74.8
75.8
80.4
70.3
72.0
67.6
75.8
72.6
76.2
71.1
70.3
71.3
75.8
67.5
73.0
66.5
70.7
73.0
67.4
75.0
75.5
73.4
71.2
70.4
73.8
74.9
72.8
69.2
79.0
80.2
76.7
76.5
77.3
74.1
76.5
78.2
77.9
73.6
77.5
84.2
81.5
76.1
71.7
72.6
74.3
73.8
73.2
TIC
17.78
16.38
13,43
16.83
15.66
16.03
16.52
16.57
15.91
16.85
15.71
17.68
14.27
14.97
13.63
15.80
15.80
16.10
14.81
14.74
14.68
16.38
13.64
14.72
14.98
15.78
14.57
13.77
15.65
15.46
14.80
13.73
14.50
15.31
15.64
14.19
12.82
16.51
16.62
15.49
15.59
15.24
15.42
15.90
15.62
15.84
15.44
15.70
17.46
16.92
15.00
12.94
15.00
15.12
15.08
14.84
* AH units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C
66
-------
Table A-l. Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase I study."
Date
06/30/9
07/07/9
07/12/9
07/14/9
07/19/9
07/21/9
07/26/9
07/28/9
08/02/9
08/04/9
08/09/9
08/11/9
08/16/9
08/18/9
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
NH
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.0
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
I -0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.01
-0.02
NO
2.0
2.1
1.8
1.7
2.7
5.0
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.7
3.9
2.03
3.22
2.06
2.26
3.11
.89
.56
.46
.29
.89
.28
.10
.19
.84
.84
.55
.36
.05
.60
.38
.71
.42
.23
.82
.65
.65
.84
1.56
2.18
2.18
2.32
• 1.61
1.71
2.15
1.99
2.15
1.96
2.11
1.96
1.85
2.11
2.29
2.00
2.13
P
0.15
0.12
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.15
0.14
0.11
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.197
0.185
0.14
0.154
0.157
0.188
0.183
0.127
0.135
0.161
0.196
0.108
0.138
0.152
0.124
0.103
0.139
0.174
0.163
0.141
0.126
0.129
0.108
0.160
0.158
0.105
0.135
0.145
0.133
0.128
0.141
0.150
0.157
0.147
0.143
0.130
0.122
0.167
0.192
0.127
0.148
0.091
0.090
0.125
PO
0.0
O.G
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0'
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.13
0.1
0.07
O.Oi
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.13
0.09
0.07
0.09
0.08
0.08
• 0.09
0.07
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.11
0.13
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.07
T-PO
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3;
0.4
0.4;
0.4;
0.3
0.4
0.4'
0.3
0.4
0.4'
0.4
0.47
0.37
0.5'
0.4'
0.3I
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.24
0.32
0.24
0.04
0.13
0.42
0.33
. 0.31
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.34
0.37
0.38
0.41
0.43
0.31
0.34
0.03
<:
4.5
4.3
4.4
4.h
4.2-
4.4'
4.4'
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.4C
4.3
4.6i
4.W
4.4J>
4.4'
4.4i
4.0'
4.52
4.2'
4.41
4.6'
4.42
4.2t
4.3t
4.3'
4.41
4.16
4.3i
4.3/
4.3;
4.27
4.41
4.45
4.3i
4.32
4.45
4.32
4.0S
4.ia
4.30
4.32
4.44
4.26
4.21
4.18
4.30
4.35
4.15
4.17
4.30
4.14
4.15
4.22
k26
L39
k21
SiO
10.3
9.£
10.C
9.8
9.5
9.7
9.7
9.9
9.7
9.7
9.7'
9.7'
9.9
9.7'
9.7'
9.4'
9.6'
9.6'
9.5'
9.11
9.42
9.42
9.3£
9.6;
9.6;
9.3£
9.7*
9.52
9.47
9.71
9.2;
9.71
9.47
9.17
9.3£
9.25
9.53
9.25
8.76
8.95
9.20
9.25
9.50
9.12
9.01
8.93
9.19
9.31
8.87
9.42
9.01
S
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0
0.
O.i
O.i
O.I
O.I
0,l
or
• o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
Of
o.c
0.0
O.f
O.f
0,f
O.f
o.c
o.c
o.c
0.0
0.0
0.0
00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.
22
23.
22.
r>
?1
?1
?1
?1
20.
?1
20.
??'
??
71 7
??'
?1 f
?1 1
23.I
?1 f
??'
??6
21.'
21.5
??'
7? 7
??f
?1 f
??f
23.'
??7
??3
23.6
23.£
23 E
24.7
?34
23.5
???
??6
23.6
23.3
22.7
22.2
??5
??5
21.5
?3?
?1 1
21.2
22.4
?1 3
?37
22.8
??4
24.9
?1 8
SO'
69.
4,63.
65.'
65.'
65.'
62.C
62.
62.C
62.
59.
62.
61.J
63.
64.
64.'
65.9
64.6
62.;
64.'
64.5
64.9
64.£
64.0
65.9
65.S
67.'
68.'
66.'
65.8
67.8
69.5
71.6
69.5
73.6
73.6
77.5
69.9
71.6
70.5
68.4
69.8
66.4
65.7
65.7
67.6
65.7
64.7
64.7
62.9
63.8
74.7
65.5
* All units in mg/L, except for pH . .
in units and temperature in °C 67
T-al
69.
70.
70.
72
72.
78.
78.
80.
80.
80.
75.
82.
80.
81.8
72.8
77.
78.3
87.1
84.9
81.0
77.6
84.7
83.4
86.5
78.0
72.9
78.7
80.6
79.0
82.8
81.8
76.7
75.6
83.3
81.1
79.5
73.9
77.7
82.4
81.5
79:5
• 76.2
74.1
79.5
80.3
81.4
80.3
77.8
80.3
76.7
76.5
81.7
78.7
78.2
TIC
13.14
13.82
13.01
14.60
14.86
16.16
15.42
16.75
16.68
16.63
15.03
17.45
17.28
17.64
15.33
16.77
16.68
19.26
18.64
17.24
15.81
16.68
17.62
18.69
16.65
15.25
16.93
17.35
17.23
18.32
17.80
18.80
18.30
16.50
16.48
16.10
18.12
17.65
17.01
15.56
11.46
17.41
17.45
16.82
15.82
14.68
17.25
17.01
17.37
16.97
16.33
17.71
16.18
15.70
6.20
6.11
-------
r
Table A-2. Results of analyses of the softened water, phase I study;*
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/921
11/30/92
t-PjSi
0
4
6
11
13
18
12/02/92 20
12/07/92J 25
12/09/92
12/14/921
12/16/92,
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
27
32
34
39
41
46
12/30/921 48
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/247931
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/931
MHIIj
04/19/93J
04/21/93
04/26/93
53
55
r~60
62
69
74
76
81
L_83j
88
90
97
104
109
111
,116
Tie
123
125
_t3pj
132
_ 1§L
144
pH
9.25
9.45
9.22
9.24
9.42
9.52
9.32
9.51
9.33
9.28
9.34
9.36
9.43
9.19
9.50
9.42
9.50
9.30
9.18
9.35
9.37
9.29
9.35
9.09
9.26
9.43
9.40
9.31
9.46
9.23
8.94
9.19
9.42
9.61
9.41
9.38
9.16
9.38
J46^9,61
_J51|9.03
153
158
160
165
04/28/93; 167
pji/03/93.
05/05/93,
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93,
05/19/93,
65/24/93]
05/267931
172
174
_i7JL
181
186
188
__J93,
195
06/02/93 202
06/07/93; 207
oooi/sjsl 209
9.40
9.44
9.47
9.48
9.27
9.36
DO
5.66
6.00
5.80
6.30
6.40
6.20
5.50
5.50
5.50
5.70
5.70
5.20
5.90
6.00
6.20
7.10
7.50
7.20
7.40
7.50
7.40
7.50
7.30
7.50
7.30
7.30
7.30
7.50
7.70
7.60
7.50
7.40
7.90
7.85
7.80
7.40
7.50
7.70
5.85
5.45
5.35
5.92
5.40
5.80
6.10
6.02
9.56 5.00
9.34 5.35
9.39
9.45
5.80
5.60
9.40 5.90
9.41 6.40
9.55 7.90
9.44 7.40
9.32 7.20
9.41 7.30
06/14/931 214 9.37|7.30
06/23/93,
06/28791?
jaz
~22f
06/30/93* 2301
07/07/93! 237
9.35
9.57
9.52
7.25
7.00
6.79
9.46^7.30
07/12/93' 242 9.67 6.42
Temp
17.7
16.7
16.7
16.2
16.5
16.8
16.6
16.1
16.0
15.7
16.5
15.8
15.4
16.1
17.1
16.2
16.3
16.3
15.3
15.0
15.5
14.9
15.3
J4.9
14.9
15.4
14.7
14.7
13.7
15.2
14.9
15.7
13.5
13.7
14.2
15.7
15.0
-13.9
15.2
U-lill
13.8
13.7
(-JM
14.3
13.8
14.1
14.2
14.7
14.5
16.2
15.9
'14.1
14.1
13.5
13.2
13.3
13.7
14.1
14.4
13.8
FCI2
0.94
1.04
1.18
1.18
0.93
1.12
1.09
1.12
1.14
1.09
1.14
1.18
1.04
1.06
1.02
0.97
1.04
1.10
1.03
1.16
1.15
0.98
0.97
0.99
1.01
1.04
1.00
1.11
0.98
0.97
0.98
1.06
0.96
1.07
0.91
1.07
1.14
1.23
1.05
1.03
1.05
0.92
1.06
0.99
1.12
1.09
1.09
0.98
1.14
1.02
1.02
1.11
1.12
1.09
1.18
1.04
1.03
0.80
0.96
13.8 1.06
14.211.10
TCI2
0.99
1.10
1.24
1.23
0.98
1.19
1.17
1.19
1.23
1.15
1.20
1.22
1.12
1.12
1.12
1.04
1.11
1.17
1.09
1.23
1.23
1.04
1.03
1.05
1.06
1.09
1.07
1.16
1.05
1.05
1.04
1.12
1.04
1.12
0.99
1.12
1.19
1.30
1.11
1.08
1.11
1.00
1.12
1.06
1,17
1-16
1.15
1.05
1.20
1.10
1-09
1.20
1.18
1.17
1.23'
1.08
1.10
0.85
1.02
1.10
1.16
Cu
-0.005
-0.005
-0.005
-0.004
-0.006
-0.002
-0.006
-0.003
0.010
-0.005
0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.003
-0.003
-0.003
-0.003
-0.003
-0.002
0.001
0.002
0.003
-0.003
-0.006
-0.005
-6.010
-0.005
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.013
-0.008
0.008
-0.002
-0.002
0.003
0.010
-0.001
-0.001
-0.008
-0.008
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Pb
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0:0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.o
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Zn
-0.007
-0.006
-0.015
-0.007
-0.007
-0.011
-0.013
-0.006
-0.016
-0.011
-0.008
-0.010
-0.011
-0.011
-0.011
-0.011
-0.009
-0.008
-0.010
-A012
-0.009
-0.014
-0.011
-0.011
-0.001
-0.001
-0.005
-0.005
-0.009
-0.011
-0.009
-0.008
-0.012
-0.009
-0.010
-0.007
-0.007
-0.006
-0.008
-0.005
-0.003
-0.005
-0.010
0.003
-0.005
-0.006
0.002
-0.005
-0.009
-0.008
-0.007
-0.008
-0.009
-0.008
-0.010
-0.011
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.005
Ca
-0.5
-0.4
-0.9
-0.6
-0.5
-0.2
-0.7
-0.3
-0.7
0.1
-0.3
-0.8
-0.1
-0.1
-0.6
-o.l
0.2
-0.1
0.2
0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.5
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
1-1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1,
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Cl
53.3
55.9
51.3
49.2
47.3
52.5
56.9
52.2
51.4
50.0
50.0
49.7
48.9
49.7
49.0
49.4
49.6
55.2
47.4
50.3
45.8
46.2
46.9
41.1
45.7
47.7
49.3
46.8
46.9
46.1
44.9
48.5
46.6
46.0
45.7
45.6
46.9
43.8
44.7
42.4
47.1
46.5
43.6
44.1
43.1
42.9
41.7
42.6
41.4
41.6
41.6
41.8
41.4
40.9
41.1
40.3
41.4
40.1
42.0
40.6
41.3
Fe
-0.007
0.012
-0.007
0.018
0.003
0.002
0.008
0.001
-0.006
0.004
-0.010
-0.010
-0.010
-0.010
-0.010
0.010
0.004
0.006
-0.018
0.004
0.014
-0.006
-0.006
-0.016
0.031
0.007
0.031
0.028
0.022
0.018
0.007
0.019
-0.008
-0.006
-0.009
-0.004
-0.006
0.030
-0.010
0.003
0.004
-0.006
-O.OQ6
-0.016
-0.005
-0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.010
0.002
-0.002
0.008
-0.006
-0.004
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.000
F
1.01
1.07
0.83
0.90
0.96
0.93
0.90
1.09
0.85
-3.03
0.90
0.90
0.89
0.92
0.96
0.94
0.98
1.12
u 1.02
0.98
0.90
0.94
0.97
0.98
0.93
1.09
0.90
0.98
0.97
0.89
0.88
1.15
1.15
0.85
1.01
1.05
0.92
0.93
0.88
0.82
0.95
0.73
0.94
0.87
0.89
0.85
0.88
0.93
0.92
0.79
0.90
0.90
1.01
1.03
0.77
0.94
0.86
1.34
0.96
1.14
0.93
K
0.97
1.28
0.50
0.55
0.73
0.57
0.71
0.56
1.02
0.98
0.92
0.64
0.40
0.44
0.71
0.64
2.91
1.63
1.45
1.44.
1.44
1.62
1.80
1.52
1.92
1.58
0.82
1.51
1.24
1.27
1.51
1.56
1.63
1.51
2.56
1.26
1.35
1.37
1.38
0,96
0.88
1.40
1.28
1.15
1.16
1.15
1.07
1.05
0.93
1.18
1.47
1.36
1.03
Q-91
1.44
1.23
1.10
1.18
0.94
Mg
-0.3
-0.4
-0.3
-0.4
-0.3
-0.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
-0.4
-0.3
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.5
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
-0.1
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
-0.1
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
Mn
0.0064
0.0059
0.0025
-0.0012
-0.0021
-0.0016
-0.0001
-0.0004
-0.0039
-0.0032
-0.0032
-0.0032
-0.0032
-0.0030
-0.0008
-0.0002
0.0001
0.0005
0.0001
0.0010
0.0019
-0.0069
-0.0016
-0.0016
-0.0016
-0.0016
-0.0016
0.0025
-0.0053
0.0009
-0.0009
0.0008
0.0008
-0.0022
-0.0030
0.0026
0.0013
0.0004
-0.0002
-0.0006
-0.0047
-0.0047
-0.0047
0.0003
0.0017
0.0043
-0.0022
0.0052
0.0000
0.0002
0.0007
0.0006
Na
116.8
116.0
111.6
107.3
111.3
110.5
112.9
111.7
111.5
113.4
111.5
112.4
107.5
111.5
111.5
106.8
115.9
105.9
107.2
103.5
101.7
103.5
107.0
104.4
104.5
100.1
105.7
102.3
107.6
112.3
102.2
100.8
98.6
101.1
100.5
99.3
99.1
102.7
105.3
103.7
.-103.1
100.5
98.4
100.9
99.7
100.7
98.5
101.3
99.3
97,0
96.5
92.9
94.4
94.6
:• „.
95.4
93.5
92.2
91.9
90.7
* AH units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
68
-------
Table A-2. Results of analyses of the softened water, phase I study.'
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/1 5/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
1 2/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
pH
y.3b
y.38
9.34
8.92
9.40
9.40
9.35
y.bu
9.31
y.oy
9.24
9.20
9.08
9.19
9.12
9.19
9.29
9.32
9.44
9.33
y.2/
9.20
9.23
9.2b
9.iy
8.91
y.21
9.07
y.iu
b.98
9.1U
9.13
y.16
9.28
9.11
9.16
y.26
y.38
9.29
y.16
8.y6
9.38
y.3/
9.4V
y.3u
9.29
9.22
9.29
9.36
y.ib
9.3 /
9.30
9.36
9.28
9.22
9.30
DO
6.70
5.6
5.29
6.42
6.56
6.50
5.2'
6.43
b.y/
/.1b
6.97
6.6 /
b'.85
/.09
b.6«
5.26
5.99
5.32
6.46
6.06
6.85
6.4b
5.81
/.Ob
A42
/.19
/.20
7.54
6.4/
/.63
/.05
7.27
A1fc>
/.39
7.60
/.2/
/.91
7.70
8.43
/.92
7.84
/.88
/.98
8.11
8.35
8.65
8.90
8.10
8.60
8./2
9.51
9.26
8.36
8.36
8.02
8.32
Tern
14.3
14.8
15.2
14.5
14.5
14.6
15.2
15.0
15.6
14.9
14.8
15.1
15.1
15.3
14.8
15.4
15.5
16.4
16.2
15.3
15.3
15.1
15.2
.15.4
15.6
16.4
16.3
16.7
16.6
15.6
16.0
15.8
15.6
15.7
15.6
15.5
16.2
16.1
15.2
15.7
16.2
15.9
15.4
15.5
15.9
15.1
15.2
15.5
15.1
15.0
14.9
13.5
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.7
FC!2
1.08
1.08
0.90
0.95
1.09
0.9
1.04
1.10
0.95
1.01
0.9b
0.9/
0.99
1.02
1.00
1.03
1.23
1.18
0.97
1.21
1.26
0.95
0.95
0.96
0.9b
0.96
0.92
0.85
0.84
1.00
1.03
1.02
0.93
0.93
0.95
1.01
0.94
0.93
1.00
0.80
0.99
0.98
0.95
1.02
1.15
1.02
.13
1.03
1.01
0.91
0.98
0.94
1.08
1.04
0.99
0.99
TCI
1.1'
1.13
o.y
1.02
1.16
1.0'
1.10
1.1t
1.02
1.09
1.03
1.0fa
1.0/
1.1'
1.0/
1.09
1.3;
1.27
1.05
1.27
1.32
1.03
1.03
1.01
1.05
1.0;
1.00
0.93
0.95
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.06
1.00
1.03
1.0S
1.03
1.03
1.08
0.88
1.05
1.04
1.01
1.09
1.21
1.09
1.20
1.10
1.08
1.01
1.06
1.02
1.17
1.11
1. 04
1. 05
Cu
-0.00'
0.00'
o.oo;
O.OOi
o.oo-
0.002
0.000
O.OOI
-0.00'
0.002
o.oo-
0.002
o.ooc
o.oo-
o.oo-
0.002
o.oo;
o.ooc
0.00;
-0.005
0.001
o.ooc
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
o.ooc
0.001
0.002
0.001
-0.001
o.ooc
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.002
1 Pb~~
OJ
0.'
o.c
O.i
O.i
O.I
O.I
O.I
O.I
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Zn
O.OOi
0.00'
0.00'
0.01;
O.OOi
0.011
O.OOi
O.OOI
o.ooe
o.ooe
o.ooe
o.oo';
O.OOe
o.ooe
o.ooe
o.oo;
0.00'
o.ooc
o.ooc
-0.002
o.ooc
-0.001
o.ooc
0.002
o.ooc
0.001
o.oo;
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.003
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.000
Ca
0.'
0.'
o.-
o.-
0.'
0.
o.-
o.i
O.i
O.I
o.
0.'
O.I
0.'
0.'
o.c
o.-
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.c
o.-
0.'
0.'
o.-
0.-
o.-
o.-
0.0
o.c
0.1
o.c
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Cl
39.E
39.
38.£
39.'
39.'
38.£
43.'
39.i
39.;
38.5
41.5
41.'
42.£
40.'
42.'
43.2
47.:
47.-
44.C
41.2
45.'
48.7
49.J
46.6
49.£
49.C
49.1
51.7
50.1
• 50.1
51.;
55.C
56.C
49.5
51 ,£
49.5
47.5
47.6
46.5
48.1
46.6
46.4
46.5
45.6
44.7
45.1
44.6
45.7
46.1
47.2
47.7
47.1
47.4
47.1
Fe
0.01'
o.oo;
o.oo-
0.002
0.00'
ooo;
o.oo-
o.oo-
-o.oo-
0.002
ooo;
0.002
O.OOi
o.oo;
0.002
o.ooc
0.002
o.ooc
o.ooc
-o.oo;
-0.001
0.001
o.ooc
0.00-!
-0.001
-0.001
o.ooc
0.002
0.001
0.001
o.ooc
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.013
0.010
0.001
0.008
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.006
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
F
0.8'
0.82
0.9
0.8
1.1
0.9-
1.0'
0.96
0.89
0.88
0.91
0.88
0.90
0.85
0.83
0.85
0.94
0.88
0.88
K
0.8
o.s;
0.9i
0.7'
0.7'
0.87
0.9I
0.7I
0.6'
0.46
0.65
0.7;
0.6'
0.5J
0.96
1.1-
1.0£
0.95
1.01
1.05
1.1J
1.0S
1.05
1.0£
1.01
0.9;
1.0£
1.45
1.37
1.27
1.34
1.60
1.67
1.27
1.68
1.62
0.97
0.73
0.64
0.80
0.87
3.30
0.80
1.05
1.16
0.81
0.83
1.77
1.08
1.13
1.14
0.85
1.14
0.78
Mg
0.0
0.'
o.-
0.'
0.'
O.I
o.-
o.i
O.I
O.C
o.-
o.-
O.C
O.C
O.C
o.-
0.'
O.C
o.c
0.'
o.c
o.c
o.c
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.c
o.c
o.c
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
,0.1
. 0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Mn
0.0004
o.ooo-
0.0006
0.0010
0.0008
0.0002
0.0025
0.0003
-o.ooo;
0.0007
0.0006
0.0005
0.0004
o.ooo;
0.0003
0.0004
0.000'!
-0.0001
0.0002
-0.0003
-0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0009
-0.0001
0.0005
0.0001
0.0010
0.0000
0.0004
0.0001
0.0007
0.0005
-0.0003
0.0001
0.0004
0.0003
0.0003
0.0005
0.0008
0.0022
0.0009
0.0007
0.0008
0.0008
0.0003
0.0018
0.0011
0.0009
0.0009
0.0010
0.0006
0.0006
0.0037
Na
90.8
92:5
929
94.4
89.6
93.9
90.9
91.5
954
95.4
100.4
97 1
100.0
93.3
103.9
102.0
97.9
999
107.0
94.6
107.4
99.2
99.4
972
97.5
100.0
104.4
102.4
98.8
103.4
105.4
104.2
108.8
104.4
107.4
96.6
90.1
99.3
100.7
103.0
96.3
95.0
94.8
98.2
97 3
100.0
100.5
101.9
99.6
95.9
100.7
99.5
102.3
104.4
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
69
-------
Table A-2. Results of analyses of the softened water, phase I study.H
Date NH3
11/12/92! -0.05
11/16/92? -0.05
11/18/92: -0.05
11/23/92^ -0.05
Jj/26/92,' -~OJ06!
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/9j3j
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
-0.06
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
0.11
-0.02
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
t -0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
L -0.05
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
03/24/93 0.00
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-OOJL
' ooo
0.00
o.oc
0.00
0.00
0.04
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.02
-0.12
-0.12
NO3 I P
1.63!
1.80|
1.39
1.45
_U8,
1.61
1.45
1.52
1.42
1.63
1.60
1.76
1.36
1.57
1.47
1.71
1.54
1.29
1.54
1.82
1.66
2.73
3.09
2.73
2.73
2.19
3.16
2.55
2.55
2.52
2.64
2.88
2.69
2.29
1.84
2.23
2.63
2.68
2.82
2.58
, 3.07
2.50
L274j
~2JQ\
2.10
LJLZ§
3.09
2.91
3.46
2.72
-0.07 j 2.53
-0.09! 2.53
06/09/93' -0.01
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
-0.01
-0.01
-0.02
t -0.01
-0.02
2.64
i 2.96
2.45
2.03
2.03
2.85
-
0.123
0.137
0.105
0.099
0.107
0.105
,0.133
0.109
0.136
PO4
0.13
0.11
0.07
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.07
0.16
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.05
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.11
0.41
0.11
0.06
0.08
0.07
0,06
0.20
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
T-PO4
0.52
0.50
0.55
0.39
0.47
0.44
0.46
0.40
0.39
0.35
0.41
0.41
0.22
0.35
0.34
0.27
0.55
0.40
0.41
0.41
0.40
0.66
0.41
0.47
0.44
0.43
0.59
0.57
0.49
0.48
0.50
0.49
0.38
0.46
0.40
0.42
0.39
0.35
0.54
0.41
0.61
0.41
0.41
0.35
0.36
0.77
0.35
0.34
0.35
0.40
0.47
0.37
0.36
0.03
0.38
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.39
Si
4.27
4.32
4.42
4.27
4.38
4.40
4.43
4.27
4.39
SiO2
11.38
11.38
10.87
11.63
11.04
10.56
10.44
10.32
9.65
9.92
9.65
9.92
9.92
9.90
9.90
9.63
9.63
10.32
10.47
10.47
10.76
9.82
10.09
10.09
10.09
10.05
11.70
11.14
11.28
11.45
11.45
11.16
11.45
10.29
10.35
9.96
9.83
9.75
9.64
9.59
10.04
9.38
9.91
9.46
9.33
9.43
9.71
9.43
9.71
9.95
10.19
10.66
10.19
10.51
10.51
10.35
10.0&
Sn
0.003
0.000
0.004
0.005
0.012
-0.002
0.008
0.007
0.001
S
22.5
22.4
23.2
23.1
23.9
22.1
24.0
22.8
23.1
SO4
75.2
72.6
70.3
72.6
73.9
72.6
77.1
75.4
77.6
74.6
74.6
72.4
75.0
75.0
76.5
76.5
' 74.9
77.0
72.9
71.9
71.4
72.6
70.2
71.4
72.3
72.3
74.8
67.3
73.2
73.2
69.5
72.6
68.1
69.8
70.3
70.2
69.1
66.4
66.2
66.2
67.2
39.3
66.9
66.2
66.0
67.2
62.6
65.6
67.7
64.7
62.3
61.4
64.1
65.2
66.1
65.2
65.5
64.5
69.7
64.5
65.1
T-Alk
80.6
79.0
69.3
77.0
74.4
77.1
76.0
79.6
75.8
78.7
78.9
74.7
75.9
80.5
70.7
71.8
67.6
75.9
71.9
75.1
71.2
70.4
71.4
76.3
67.4
73.4
73.8
76.8
72.9
69.5
74.9
75.2
73.3
71.1
70.4
74.0
75.0
72.4
69.8
79.0
80.1
77.0
76.7
77.2
74.1
76.3
78.0
77.3
73.7
77.6
84.1
81.6
76.1
71.8
72.8
74.2
73.9
73.2
69.7
69.9
70.0
TIC
17.89
16.23
13.39
16.86
15.91
16.37
16.37
16.66
16.83
16.81
15.12
15.70
17.79
14.15
14.92
13.80
15.90
15.80
16.30
14.80
14.62
15.14
16.69
13.41
14.87
14.95
15.70
14.38
13.70
15.71
15.60
14.89
13.82
14.33
15.30
15.23
14.1.6
12.94
16.57
16.67
15.36
15.59
15.29
15.46
15.88
15.56
15.79
15.10
15.73
17.66
17.25
15.19
14.48
14.99
14.67
15.03
13.67
13.84
12.93
* AH units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
70
-------
Table A-2. Results of analyses of the softened water, phase I study.*
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
1/08/93
1/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
NH3
-0.02
-0,02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.01
-0.02
NO3
2.2
2.6
2.74
2.68
1.93
2.28
2.33
2.74
2.79
2.32
2.06
2.06
2.16
2.30
1.69
1.40
1.19
1.20
1.89
1.37
1.02
1.19
1.26
1.84
1.67
1.26
1.78
1.38
,1.38
1.71
1.33
1.13
1.72
1.56
1.60
1.65
1:52
1.85
2.08
1.99
1.61
1.61
2.21
1.99
2.23
1.96
2.01
1.96
1.75
2.17
2.19
1.94
2.13
P
0.112
0.12
0.08
0.107
0.132
0.115
0.109
0.102
0.109
0.145
0.147
0.133
0.150
0.148
0.131
0.183
0.118
0.117
0.103
0.167
0.147
0.070
0.146
0.127
0.086
0.102
0.124
0.126
0.151
0.133
0.114
0.124
0.081
0.109
0.090
0.101
0.083
0.146
0.111
0.087
0.078
0.105
0.108
0.091
0.104
0.138
0.108
0.118
0.171
0.082
0.100
0.084
0.096
0.135
PO4
O.O1
0.0
0.07
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.26
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.17
0.11
0.10
0.08
0.10
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.14
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.10
0.09
0.07
0.09
O.OE
0.08
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.08
0.07
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.12
0.01
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.08
'T-PO4
0.42
0.4C
0.45
0.4;
0.47
0.39
1.82
0.33
0.46
0.4'
0.55
0.47
0.4'
0.5'
0.4J
0.39
0.30
0.33
0.37
0.26
0.32
0.25
0.27
0.08
0.42
0.32
0.30
0.41
0.31
0.30
0.38
0.40
0.41
0.31
0.36
0.34
Si
4.46
4.3£
4.3:
4.3
4.3£
4.4'
4.1'
4.3.
4.32
4.57
4.5;
4.4I
4.3£
4.3£
4.0I
4.4£
4.2'
4.3C
4.4£
4.36
4.20
4.26
4.2£
4.32
4.06
4.35
.4.36
4.3C
4.2*
4.3*
4.4C
4.32
4.25
4.43
4.2£
4.17
4.0S
4.25
4.30
4.39
4.12
4.15
4.11
4.21
4.30
4.07
4.10
4.25
4.12
4.02
4.15
4.18
4.37
4.18
SiO2
9.3'
9.7
9.7
9.7
9.7
10.0:
9.7'
9.7'
10.11
9.7'
9.7'
9.4'
9.87
9.6'
9.67
9.4'
9.66
9.42
9.5C
9.6;
9.5;
9.27
9.7£
9.52
9.47
9.95
9.23
9.47
9.2;
8.9;
9.2;
9.0E
9.48
9.1£
8.92
8.75
9.0S
9.19
9.38
8.81
8.88
8.79
9.02
9.20
8.70
9.37
8.96
Sn
0.00
0.00
0.03
0.00
0.007
0.015
O.OOE
0.011
0.001
0.01-
0.01;
0.015
0.00£
0.007
0.016
0.022
0.016
0.01;
0.026
0.02'
0.017
0.03C
0.01£
0.022
0.026
0.01 £
0.02J
0.02;
0.01 £
0.03C
0.011
0.017
0.016
0.021
0.01 £
0.015
0.019
0.015
0.021
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.015
0.018
0.008
0.024
0.011
0.016
0.018
0.017
0.019
0.014
0.016
0.018
s
22.
22.'
20.£
21.5
21.2
21.'
19,
21.7
20.7
22.'
22.2
21.£
22.'
21 .£
21.2
23.
21 .£
22.'
22.6
21.'
21.'
21 .£
22.7
22.;
20.£
22.E
23.7
22.£
22y
23.6
23.£
23.E
24.7
23.6
23.6
23.0
22.6
23.6
23.5
22.8
21.3
22.4
22.5
21.5
23.5
21.0
21.2
22.5
21.5
21.5
22.8
21.6
25.1
22.0
SO4
65.'
66.'
62.
62.
63.'
62.£
61.2
63.'
61.;
64.£
65.E
65.I
68.2
64.6
63.5
66.'
64.5
65.£
65.E
64.S
67.C
67.C
68.'
69.2
67.1
66.£
68.2
70.1
68^
70.5
73.1
73.2
77.5
69.3
72.8
70.5
69.4
70.5
66.4
66.6
65.7
67.6
66.6
64.7
64.7
63.8
64.7
75.4
66.1
T-Alk
72.;
76.
77.
80,
80.
86,
76.8
82.0
80.0
81.5
72.8
76.!
78.'
87.'
84.8
81.2
77.;
84.6
83.3
86.5
78.0
73.0
78.5
80.5
78.9
82.9
81.2
76.7
75.6
83.3
81.1
793
72.0
77.6
82.3
80.6
79.6
76.2
74.0
79.5
80.0
81.6
80.1
77.8
80.6
76.8
76.6
81.8
78.9
76.6
TIC
14.61
14.88
16.35
15.41
16.75
17.03
16.67
15.59
17.31
17.22
17.66
15.34
16.8
17.25
19.26
18.54
17.54
15.77
17.44
17.60
18.94
16.61
15.36
17.04
17.48
17.05
18.44
18.00
18.50
18.20
16.30
16.44
16.11
18.08
17.60
16.98
15.37
17.80
17.47
16.72
15.76
14.74
16.92
17.04
17.99
17.10
16.46
17.85
15.80
15.90
16.20
16.15
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
71
-------
Table A-3. Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase II study.*
Data • Days
11/22/9JL__0
11/28/94 6
12/01/94: 9
12/05/94! 13
12/07/94 15
12/12/94 20
12/15/94 23
12/19/94^ 27
12/21/94 ^_29
12/27/94 35
12/29/94
01/03/95
wo4«§
01/12/95
01/17/95
01/19/951
01/23/95
37
42
43
51
56
58
62
01/25/95! 64
02/01/95
02/06/95
02/08/95
02/13/95
02/23/95
02/27/95
03/02/95
03/06/95
03/08/95
03/13/95
03/15/95
03/20/95
03/22/95
03/27/95
03/29/95
71
76
78
83
93
97
100
104
106
111
113
118
120
125
127
04/03/955 132
04/05/95
04/10/95
04/12/95
04/17/95
04/19/95
04/24/95
04/26/95
134
pH DO
7.25
7.26
7.33
7.46
7.31
7.40
7.33
7.36
7.36
7.37
7.42
7.34
7.36
7.35
7.30
7.39
7.29
7.26
7.31
7.23
7.29
7.30
7.31
7.25
7.34
7.37
7.35
7.38
7.31
7.38
7.49
7.34
7.39
7,24
7.32
139 7.37
i-jfjy7-44
L 146
148
7.38
7.34
153 7.38
155 7.40
05/01/95| 160i 7.45
05/08/95
05/10/95
167
169
05/15/95 174
05/17/95 176
7.44
7.43
7.44
7.44
05/22/95= 181L7.37
05/24/955 183 7.32
05/31/95! 190 7.33
06/05/95! 195 7.31
06/07/95j 197 7.36
06/12/951 202
06/14/95^^204
06/21/95 211
06/26/95 216
06/28/95 218
07/05/95 225
07mM35230
07/12/95 232
07/17/95 237
07/19/95; 239
07/24/95 244
7.39
7.39
7.37
7.34
7.40
7.52
7.30
7.31
7.34
7.38
7.31
3.06
2.93
3.13
3.16
1.69
1.73
2.25
2.08
2.44
2.15
3.10
3.58
2.80
3.36
1.95
3.84
3.94
4.50
4.07
3.19
4.43
4.92
4.98
4.95
5.05
5.21
5.38
5.44
5.41
5.41
5.05
5.38
4.24
4.04
6.52
4.07
3.46
4.11
3.85
3.76
4.12
4.61
3.79
5.39
4.28
4.71
5.07
5.39
3.43
6.03
5.21
4.44
3.24
3.30
3.86
4.13
2.55
3.14
2,91
Temp
13.94
13.83
13.89
15.17
15.28
15.11
14.56
14.56
13.83
14.11
13.33
13.00
12.83
15.72
11.78
11.39
11.00
11.17
12.44
11.50
11.00
11.50
10.89
10.39
10.06
9.83
11.33
10.78
11.56
11.00
13.00
10.83
•
12.67
11.39
11.89
11.06
11.78
12.00
12.06
12.39
11.11
13.11
12.39
11.89
12.44
13.2e
12.44
12.50
14.83
15.00
14.22
14.22
14.28
14.5C
Cu
0.007
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.006
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.009
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.006
0.002
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.006
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.009
0.003
0.006
0.014
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.007
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.02
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.002
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
Pb
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.012
0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
• 0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Zn
-0.002
0
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0
-0.001
-0.001
-0.003
-0.001
-0.001
0.005
0.007
0.003
-0.003
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
0
-0.001
-0.003
-0.001
-0.003
-0.002
-0.002
-0.002
-0.002
-0.003
-0.005
0
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.003
0
0.004
-0.001
0.004
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
Ca
82.5
87.3
83.9
77.4
78.7
71.7
73.6
71.6
75.2
71.3
74.9
74.5
79.0
80.5
82.4
83.2
81.5
90.4
82.1
, 79.1
80.2
82.8
85.0
83.6
100.6
88.6
88.3
82.9
78.9
80.4
73.1
86.0
85.1
95.9
92.9
81.0
82.3
71.6
91.3
80.7
84.1
81.4
80.0
74.9
77.2
75.4
81.5
89.2
93.0
88.4
79.7
89.5
77.0
87.8
83.4
76.0
79.0
86.2
83.1
85.3
88.7
Cl
61.0
59.7
61.3
69.3
65.2
71.5
70.3
83.6
69.5
69.6
69.0
62.1
63.8
62.9
68.5
72.7
69.9
61.8
74.2
76.6
79.5
79.3
91.8
95.2
102.1
100.3
100.3
90.8
92.3
95.6
74.6
90.6
85.5
87.6
93.7
86.9
86.3
72.9
87.8
.69.6
83.4
84.3
77.0
76.2
64.3
59.8
66.7
76.5
77.7
75.1
59.3
71.6
70.8
71.3
74.1
58.5
26.1
70.0
64.1
65.6
67.4
Fe
0.026
0.002
0.006
0.03
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.003
0
0.004
0.011
0.013
0.007
0.003
0.002
0
0.001
0.011
0.004
0.015
0
0.002
0.005
0.007
0
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.006
0.004
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.187
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.003
0
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.019
0.002
0.014
0.001
F
0.24
0.22
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.23
0.19
0.22
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.23
0.22
0.27
0.24
0.24
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.23
0.27
0.26
0.23
0.24
0.23
0.21
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.22
K
3.32
2.98
3.00
3.14
3.09
3.61
3.56
3.04
2.81
3.28
2.88
2.72
2.60
2.40
2.61
2.53
2.75
2.72
2.51
2.81
2.72
2.52
2.80
2.77
3.56
3.75
3.53
2.42
2.50
2.56
2.68
2.87
2.51
2.61
2.56
2.94
. 2.83
2.74
2.76
2.77
2.89
3.02
2.37
2.76
2.80
2.96
2.55
2.60
2.19
2.60
2.56
2.49
2.74
2.76
3.17
3.36
3.06
3.06
3.05
3.02
2.77
Mg
24.3
. 23.8
23.2
21.9
21.8
22.3
22.8
22.3
23.6
25.6
23.4
23.7
22.5
23.0
25.0
24.1
25.3
25.5
24.7
23.8
23.3
24.0
25.9
25.1
28.7
25.5
25.7
23.8
21.7
22.5
22.4
24.8
24.1
27.1
25.5
26.1
25.6
22.8
26.0
24.7
24.4
24.9
24.0
22.0
23.2
22.0
23.1
24.8
24.9
23.8
22.6
24.7
21.5
25.4
24.5
23.1
22.1
24.1
23.9
25.0
26.3
Mn
0.003
0.001
0
0.002
0.001
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0
0
0.001
0.001
0
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.002
0
0
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0
-0.001
0
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.004
0.001
0.005
0.002
0.004
-0.001
Na
42.4
39.8
41.4
48.2
43.5
43.7
43.4
41.7
44.5
46.3
42.0
38:2
41.0
39.6
40.6
40.7
40.8
34.2
42.4
46.5
44.4
41.8
47.2
48.8,
45.2
48.1
49.1
49.4
43.0
48.7
42.4
46.8
41.3
43.9
47.0
43.3
42.2
36.8
44.4
35.9
43.7
44.2
38.4
35.4
36.7
33.4
40.9
46.0
42.4
45.0
30.2
40.4
30.8
42.7
39.2
38.4
36.6
39.0
35.1
37.1
38.1
NH3
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.04
0,06
0.0.1
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0:00
,0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
-0.08
-0.08
0.01
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in°C.
72
-------
Table A-3. Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase E study.*
wrfl
08/1 6/95
08/21/95
08/28/95
08/30/95
09/06/95
09/11/95
09/13/95
09/27/95
1 0/02/95
10/04/95
10/11/95
10/16/95
1 0/1 8/95
1 0/23/95
10/25/95
10/30/95
1/01/95
1/06/95
11/08/95
11/13/95
11/20/95
11/27/95
11/29/95
1 2/04/95
12/06/95
12/11/95
12/18/95
12/20/96
12/28/95
01/04/96
01/08/96
01/10/96
01/17/96
01/22/96
01/24/96
01/29/96
01/31/96
02/05/96
02/07/96
02/12/96
02/14/96
02/21/96
02/26/96
02/28/96
03/04/96
03/06/96
03/11/96
Days
246
253
260
265
267
£.(*•
27c
281
288
293
295
307
309
314
316
323
328
330
335
337
342
344
349
351
356
363
370
372
377
379
384
391
394
401
408
412
414
421
426
428
433
434
440
442
447
449
456
461
463
468
470
475
pH
7.40
Tl9
7.35
7.2i
7.2'
7.26
7.37
7.27
7.23
/.34
7.2£
/.28
7.29
7.25
7.29
7.25
7.33
A24
7.37
7.31
7.25
7.25
7.29
7.26
7.26
7.30
7.35
/.30
7.32
7.33
7.34
7.36
7.40
/.2y
/.38
7.36
7.38
/.38
/.3fci
A26
7.30
7.25
/.28
7.27
no
2.42
3.87
3.5c
2.60
2.5i
2.91
1 94
2.65
2.65
2.7'
2.93
3.26
3.60
3.63
1./3
1.63
1.89
1.92
1.81
1.bb
2.09
1.98
1.94
4.24
2.40
2.3b
2.84
2.80
2.84
2.67
3.13
3.21
3.19
2.77,
3.77
3./b
4.34
4.3b
b.41
5.25
6.24
b.8/
4.39
4.98
4.86
b.09
4.94
2.41
4.90
b.42
b.61
b.69
Temp
l3l4
1428
15.6
13.67
13.83
16.67
17.22
1722
16.56
16.67
17.39
17.11
18.50
16.72
1600
16.44
17.61
18.83
18.78
18.89
18.44
18.50
18.50
18.28
18.39
17.78
15.00
17.50
17.22
16.72
16.22
16.33
16.11
15.72
15.00
14.11
14.33
13.89
13.56
2.44
2.72
2.78
1.17
1.44
1.17
1.28
0.78
2.50
2.28
2.61
12.22
15.39
11.83
12.00
11.61
Cu
0.006
0 003
0.006
-0.00
O.OOS
0.003
0.006
0 003
0.008
0.00'
0.003
0.00'
0.005
0.007
0 006
0.006
0.005
0.00£
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.004
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.008
0.004
0.009
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.011
0.006
0.005
0.005
] Pb
0.000
-0 003
0.000
0.00
o.oo-
-0.001
O.OOI
-0 001
-0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
o.ooc
-o.oo-
0.00'
0 000
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
o.ooc
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
o.ooc
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
0.001
0.001
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.007
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.00
-0 00
0.006
-0.002
-o.oo-
-0.00
-0.00'
-0 nm
-0.001
-o.oo-
-o.oo-
-o.oo-
c
0.00'
Q
-0.001
-0.00'
c
-0.002
-o.oo:
-0.001
0.00'
0.002
O.OO-'
-0.001
0.002
c
0.002
-0.001
0.007
0.002
0.003
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.008
0.003
0
-0.004
-0.001
0
-0.001
0.002
0.004
.,0
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.004
0.004
0.002
0.002
-0.001
89^6
QA A
98^2
92.3
80.8
80.
82.7
QA T
86.0
,82.C
83.2
84.5
94.3
91.7
Q7 Q
86.7
82.9
83.8
82.5
82.£
so.e
81.6
80.9
' 79.E
82.6
91 .c
82.-1
83.0
79.7
79.E
81.1
79.8
79.S
80.1
84.1
82.7
83.3
82.3
82.3
80.9
85.5
81.7
81.1
80.6
86.7
90.1
88.3
94.4
91.9
80.1
82.6
9s:o
94.8
7T2
76.;
73.
65.4
61.9
65.-
63.3
63.;
63.2
69.2
69.0
65.J
71 A
75.J
83.2
64.£
78.£
74.E
73.7
75.C
74.6
73.£
72.2
63.1
71.C
70.1
65.C
63.3
63.8
63.0
61.9
61.7
65.2
62.9
62.6
64.5
65.0
69.9
70.5
73.5
63.6
62.5
69.2
78.5
89.1
89.0
86.0
73.4
95.1
103.8
93.4
0.00'
o.oo;
0.002
T^
l
0.002
000'
0.002
0.00'
0.00'
o.oo:
o.oo;
0.002
0.00'
. 0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0007
O.OOc
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.017
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.003
0.003
0
0.001
0
0.001
0.008
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.009
0.005
0.001
Q.003
K
2.9c
3.0
2.41
2.5i
3 3^
3.1;
3.2!
3.38
3.3:
3.3'
3.2!
3.4£
3.1;
2.8;
3.20
3.2£
4.0£
4.01
3.9?
3.66
3.66
3.77
3.8C
3.81
3.4£
3.1C
3.5C
3.36
3.24
3.15
3.15
3.31
3.15
2.97
2.96
3.01
2.89
2.78
2.83
2.80
2.76
2.68
2.53
4.07
2.53
2.80
2.96
2.72
2.73
3.55
2.67
2.32
Mg
25 "t
24.5
26.7
23.£
22
23 i
23 l
24.1
23.I
22 6
23.'
23.;
25x
25.1
24.5
23.2
24.£
24.7
24.2
24.2
23.7
23.C
23.1
23.1
24.1
25.E
24.2
24.C
23.2
23.3
23.2
23.4
23.0
23.3
25.0
24.9
25.3
24.2
24.3
24.3
24.7
24.4
23 5
23.0
24.4
26.1
24.2
26.5
25.0
24.9
23.4
- 26.2
25.9
Mn
0.002
-0.00'
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
o.oo;
0.002
(
0
-0.001
0.00'
-o.oo-
-0.00'
c
-0.001
c
-0.001
0.001
c
c
0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
c
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0
0.001
0.002
0
0
-0.001
0
-0.001
-0.001
0
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.009
0
-0.001
-0.001
Na
38.
38.
43.7
38.7
36.6
36.5
38.6
34.9
36.0
35 5
34.4
36.8
41.8
41.6
43.0
48.0
48.9
44.9
45.2
43/7]
43.3
41.9
42.1
42.5
41.8
38.7
42.7
38.9
37 7
37.0
36.0
37.5
34.9
35.9
38.7
40.0
36.4
37.4
37 5
35.4
35.8
37.4
33.0
32 2
35.7
39.5
41.4
46.5
44.8
38.0
41.0
45.0
44.4
NH3
0.01
0,01
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.01
-0.01
001
001
000
0.01
-0.05
-0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.06
0.02
0.00
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.04
-0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-0.01
-0.01
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
73
-------
Table A-3. Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase II study.*
Date NO3
1/22/94
1/28/94^
l/SMlli
j2/05/94j
___j
12/12/94
12/15/94
12/19/94
12/21/94
lS/27/94|
2/29/94,
01/03/95
01/04/95
01/12/9?
01/17/95
01/19/95
1 11
1.50
j.52.
170
1.68
1R4
1.77
1.85
1.77
1.90
1.90
2.13
174
2.02
2.10
2.07
01/23/95 2.15
J3J/25/9S 1.70
02/01/95
02/06/95
>2/08/95
2.24
2.34
2.30
02/13/95 2.59
02/23/95
02/27/95
03/02/95
03/06/95
03/08/95
03/13/95
03/15/95
03/20/95
03/22/95
03/27/95
03/29/95
?70
2.70
(___^
2.22
1,14
2.61
2.45
*~2M
3.12
LMI
hoss
04/03/95 1.9C
34/05/95
04/1 0/95
34/12/95
1.9(
2.6"!
?7f
04/17/95 2.52
04/19/95 2.6"
04/24/95
04/26/95
05/01/95
05/08/95
05/10/95
05/15/95
05/17/95
2.3£
2.1'
2.32
2.3£
2.4'
2.26
2.32
05/22/95: 2.06
05/24/95
05/31/95
06/05/95
06/07/9E
06/12/9E
06/14/9J
06/21/9E
06/26/9E
06/28/9£
07/05/9£
07/1 0/9£
07/1 2/9£
1.75
1.8C
1.8C
-i
2.03
i 2.1;
> 1.72
> 2.1£
i 2.1 £
5 2.0S
j 2.06
07/17/95 2.2£
07/1 9/95 2.0E
07/24/95 2.0£
P
0.124
0.066
0.044
0.116
0.083
PO4
0.162
0.145
0.140
0.163
0.159
0.139
0.144
0.122
0.122
0.155
0.095
0.074
0.052
0.113
0.094
0.111
0.129
0.095
0.135
0.046
0.155
0.143
0.158
0.125
0.138
0.141
6.108
0.108
0.046
0.099
0.129
0.138
0.161
0.097
0.079
0.071
0.141
0.156
0.165
0.1 2C
0.143
0.117
0.08"
0.00£
0.10"
0.14£
0.072
0.08£
0.10C
0.078
0.18'
0.022
0.07e
0.156
0.09"!
0.03£
031
0.2£
0.2£
0.32
0.36
0.26
077
0.2£
0.22
lOSJ
0.3"
0.25
0.2C
0.1£
0.36
0.36
0-.3"
0.2;
0.3"
f)3'
0.3£
0.37
0.36
037
0.37
0.34
0.1 £
0.1;
O.OC
n?fi
0.2"
n?"
0.38
n4:J
0?7
i 0.2£
i 0.3C
03'
i 0.1 e
Si
3.40
3.60
3.52
3.20
3.33
3.12
3.05
3.30
3.32
3.03
3.25
3.10
3.54
3.44
3.38
3.39
3.61
3.63
3.16
3.24
3.06
3.34
3.21
2.9C
3.85
3.24
3.2C
3.21
3.31
2.96
2.6£
3.16
3.0"
3.66
3.55
2.75
2.8'
2.9'
3.3£
2.9<
3.02
2.8"
2.8"
2.85
2.9;
2.87
3.0;
3.7
3.81
3.57
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.4"
3.3'
' 3.6
3.5
3.4
3.5
5 3.8
SiO2
7.28
7.72
7.54
6.85
7.13
6.69
6.53
7.08
7.12
6.50
6.96
6.65
7.58
7.37
7.23
7.27
7.73
7.78
6.77
6.9;
6.56
7.15
6.8£
6.22
8.25
6.93
6.85
6.81
7.0£
6.3"
5.77
6.7£
6.52
7.85
7.6'
5.91
6.03
6.23
7.23
6.2
6.4
6.0£
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.1"
6.4£
7.9
8.2'
7.6"
6.6
7.6c
7.4
7.7
7.S
7.C
7.£
7.5
7."
7.6
8.1
Sn
).058
0.041
0.072
0.072
0.078
).088
0.081
0.068
).084
0.077
X052
D.054
D.070
0.074
3.038
0.060
0.080
0.085
0.067
0.05£
0.085
0.04£
0.029
0.022
0.04£
0.056
0.075
0.069
0.070
0.086
0.038
0.069
0.076
0.091
0.108
0.07"
0.085
0.100
0.092
0.077
0.07'
0.06£
0.08'
0.09
0.06
0.08
0.08
0.10c
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12;
0.06
0.0£
0.1 C
0.08
0.13
0.0£
0.0£
S
14.2
14.8
14.6
14.9
14.4
16.5
15.9
15.6
16.7
16.4
16.4
15.6
15.4
15.6
16.4
15.9
14.9
14.7
15.6
16.0
15.3
16.6
17.0
16.4
16.4
15.9
16.0
15.7
16.7
15.5
15.4
15.8
15.7
15.2
15.4
16.5
17.4
17.4
16.2
15.3
15.7
16.3
15.7
17.
15.
14.
14.
15.
15.
14.
13.
14.
16.
14.
13.
14.
15.
14
14
14
14,
SO4
42.7
44.5
43.9
44.6
43.2
49.5
47.6
46.8
50.1
49.1
49.3
46.7
46.1
46.7
49.3
47.7
44.6
44.1
46.8
47.9
45.8
49.8
51.0
49.1
49.3
47.7
48.0
47.2
50.1
46.5
46.3
47.3
47.1
45.6
46.2
49.4
52.3
52.2
48.7
45.9
47.0
48.8
47.2
51.
45.
41.
44.
47.
45.
44.
39.
42.
49.
42.
41.
42.
46.
43
42
44
44
T-aik
279.8
278.6
273.0
255.4
258.1
234.0
233.5
234.1
230.8
235.4
237.2
242.7
252.4
253.7
253.9
256.1
268:5
291.6
263.9
260.7
256.2
233.5
241.4
235.7
278.1
259.6
250.9
248.5
253.5
240.8
220.8
241.2
238.8
286.6
279.6
238.2
240.5
243.7
267.7
248.5
258.4
246.2
244.
243.
239.
233.
259.
288.
289.
282.
283.
272.
281.
255.
256.
281.
275
268
266
282
TIC
75.31
70.33
74.32
68.76
68.16
60.94
61.13
61.85
60.24
64.18
63.99
64.18
67.50
69.47
67.96
68.43
69.06
68.49
61.03
63.28
61.56
74.41
68.59
66.16
65.34
67.37
62.18
57.09
63.46
62.95
76.62
75.33
61.65
61.68
63.37
70.12
64.47
67.62
62.92
63.38
62.38
60.78
67.96
77.91
79.80
77.69
63.91
75.84
72.70
77.91
69.70
67.31
75.05
73.32
71.47
71.80
76.47
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in°C.
74
-------
Table A-3. Results of analyses of non-softened water, phase II study.*
Date
07/26/95
07/31/95
08/02/95
08/07/95
08/09/95
08/14/95
08/16/95
08/21/95
08/23/95
08/28/95
08/30/95
09/06/95
09/11/95
09/13/95
09/25/95
09/27/95
10/02/95
10/04/95
10/11/95
10/16/95
10/18/95
10/23/95
10/25/95
10/30/95
11/01/95
11/06/95
11/08/95
11/13/95
11/20/95
11/27/95
11/29/95
12/04/95
12/06/95
12/11/95
12/18/95
12/20/96
12/28/95
01/04/96
01/08/96
01/10/96
01/17/96
01/22/96
01/24/96
01/29/96
01/31/96
02/05/96
02/07/96
02/12/96
02/14/96
02/21/96
02/26/96
02/28/96
03/04/96
03/06/96
03/11/96
N03
2.08
2.19
1.64
1.64
1.96
2.15
1.71
2.09
1.74
1.70
1.90
1.84
.2.07
2.12
2.17
2.55
2.45
2.41
2.20
2.09
2.30
2.23
2.30
2.35
2.04
1.94
1.94
1.99
2.08
2.03
2.03
2.09
2.35
2.30
2.51
2.30
2.46
2.83
2.89
2.82
2.72
2.64
1.79
1.71
1.58
1.67
1.80
1.85
1.70
2.11
P
0.112
0.136
0.053
0.032
0.109
0.048
0.087
0.089
0.041
0.129
0.112
0.057
0.109
0.056
0.037
0.055
0.070
0.112
0.109
0.089
0.131
0.113
0.107
0.143
0.058
0.106
0.174
0.091
0.125
0.088
0.145
0.106
0.080
0.083
0.102
0.128
0.151
0.050
0.087
0.047
0.138
0.129
0.087
0.050
0.088
0.083
0.068
0.055
0.042
0.092
0.098
0.055
0.035
P04
0.23
0.32
. 0.09
0.09
0.31
0.31
0.34
0.27
0.25
0.33
0.30
0.30
0..19
0.13
0.23
0.22
0.32
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.35
0.34
0.30
0.27
1.39
0.30
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.31
0.24
0.23
0.25
0.31
0.29
0.25
0.26
0.21
0.23
0.20
0.20
.0.22
0.25
0.20
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.25
0.15
0.08
0.10
Si
3.74
3.61
4.31
4.05
3.77
3.70
3.66
3.77
3.82
3.69
3.70
3.76
4.31
4.27
4.06
3.98
3.84
3.86
3.84
3.82
3.72
3.58
3.60
3.53
3.61
3.96
3.79
3.77
3.69
3.59
3.59
3.43
3,47
3.47
3.36
3.33
3.38
3.18
3.24
3.19
3.15
3.10
3.16
3.13
3.10
3.74
3.68
3.72
3.46
3.51
3.70
3.82
3.76
SiO2
8.02
7.73
9.24
8.68
8.07
7.92
7.85
8.08
8.19
7.90
7.92
8.05
9.24
9.15
8.71
8.52
8.22
8.27
8.22
8.19
7.97
7.67
7.71
7.57
7.73
8.48
8.12
8.07
7.91
7.70
7.69
7.36
7.44
7.44
7.21
7.12
7.24
6.82
6.94
6.85
6.74
6.64
6.77
6.71
6.65
8.01
7.90
7.97
" 7.42
' 7.52
7.92
8.19
8.05
Sn
0.086
0.114
0.087
0.114
0.115
0.092
0.094
0.071
0.104
0.089
0.059
0.074
0.021
0.024
0.088
0.036
0.074
0.037
0.042
0.045
0.047
0.099
0.039
0.027
0.041
0.043
0.047
0.060
0.049
0.063
0.071
0.072
0.065
0.094
0.035
0.106
0.050
0.084
0.054
0.059
0.070
0.066
0.065
0.080
0.072
0.102
0.094
0.075
0.079
0.075
0.072
0.044
0.041
S
15.1
15.1
16.3
15.7
15.3
14.0
14.5
15.0
14.6
14.2
14.4
14.9
16.5
15.8
15.7
16.5
17.4
16.4
16.3
16.0
15.8
15.8
15.8
16.0
15.9
15.4
15.7
15.7
15.5
14.7
14.8
14.5
14.5
14.9
16.1
15.5
15.5
14.9
15.4
15.1
15.4
14.9
14.2
13.5
14.5
, 13.9
15.9
14.8
14.7
14.3
16.7
14.6
14:7
SO4
45.3
45.2
48.9
47.0
45.9
41.9
43.6
45.0
43.9
42.7
43.2
44.6
49.6
47.3
47.2
49.6
52.2
49.3
49.0
47.9
47.3
47.4
47.3
47.9
47.6
46.1
47.1
47.2
46.4
44.2
44.3
43.5
43.6
44.7
48.3
46.4
46.6
44.7
46.2
45.2
46.3
44.7
42.6
40.6
43.5
41.8
47.8
44.5
44.1
42.9
50.0
43.9
44.0
T-alk
287.1
270.4
' 311.2
295.2
263.1
261.2
260.8
263.4
269.4
259.7
260.7
264.7
282.9
286.6
278.2
273.3
256.5
256.0
255.6
253.3
252.6
251.5
252.8
254.7
256.5
301.4
262.9
255.1
254.1
254.0
255.6
262.7
256.9
258.5
259.4
262.6
261.7
256.3
256.5
246.4
253.9
245.0
249.8
248.9
263.2
295.2
291.2
292.8
287.6
254.1
282.6
293.2
285.7
TIC
74.17
70.65
83.09
79.35
70.53
69.63
70.66
70.40
71.98
69.32
69.88
70.85
76.17
77.26
74.74
73.36
68.69
68.09
68.21
67.01
67.40
66.76
66.86
67.91
68.54
81.07
70.03
68.94
69.16
68.74
68.81
70.39
69.00
69.50
70.60
70.30
68.50
69.10
66.00
64.51
67.19
66.19
70.22
79.48
78.28
78.30
76.29
75.44
79.16
76.59
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
75
-------
Table A-4. Results of analyses of softened water, phase II study.*
Date JJ3a^s j_jH_
11/22/945 0
7.36
11/28/94; 6 '7.34
12/01/94 9*7.33
UO
3.06
2.93
12/b5/94[^J3! 7.33 3.13
12/07/94; 15J7.42
12/12/94! 20 7.52
12/15/941 23 1 7.49
12/ia§4_!27
7.40
12/21/94^ 29 7.40
12/27/94
12/29/94
01/03/95
01/04/95
01/12/95
01/17/95
01/19/95
01/23/95
01/25/95
02/01/95
02/06/95
02/08/95
02/13/95
02/23/95
02/27/95
03/02/95
03/06/95
03/08/35
03713/95"
35 7.40
37
/.4b
42 7.39
43 7.36
51 7.49
56 7.45
58 7.40
L_§?.
7.61
64 7.31
71 7.37
76 7.50
78 7.35
83 7.48
93
97
100
104
LjOfj
111
03/15/95 113
03/20/95! 118
03/22/95^ 120
03/27/95? 125
03/29/95 1 127
04/03/95 ; 132
04/05/95' 134
04/10/95 ^sg1
04/12/95 141
04/17/95 146
04/19/95 148,
04/24/95
153
04/26/95 155
7.58
7.46
7.37
7.42
7.42
7.43
7.47
7.49
7.59
7.44
7.48
7.37
7.38
7.52
7.53
7.54
7.41
7.50
7.47
05/01/95 160 7.58
OSraS^SJjejj
7.56
05/10/95 j_J 69 7.44
05/15/95; 174 7.57
05/17/95) 176 7.57
65/22/9J181J7.50
05/24/9l> 183
05/31/95 190
06/05/95 195
06/07/95 ^197
06/12/95
202
06/14/95! 204
06/21/95
06/g^gg-t
211
7.39
7.43
7.47
7.44
7.59
7.52
7.54
216 7.55,
06/28/95 fZjjBj
07/05/95
07/tg/95j
07/12/95
07/17ra5j
07/19/95
225
230
_232,
237
7.57
7.70
7.46
7.43
7.44
239 7.59
07/24/95 i 244 7.42
3.26
1./9
2.28
1.89
2.UU
2.06
2.44
Temp
14.17
13.72
14.00
15.17
15.28
15.17
14.56
14.61
2.22 14.44
3.13
3.94
2./4
3.36
1.98
3.78
3.94
4.50
4.01
3.19
4.46
4.95
4.98
4.94
5.05
5.24
5.31
5.40
5.34
5.21
5.05
5.40
4.20
4.17
5.86
4.30
3.46
4.09
3.92
3.69
4.10
_4.58j
14.44
13.28
13.00
13.00
15.61
11.89
11.33
11.00
11.17
12.50
11.50
11.06
11.50
10.89
10.44
10.17
9.83
11.33
10.67
11.11
11.00
12.83
10.89
12.56
11.33
11.67
11.11
11.72
12.00
12.00
3.79 12.39
5.39 11.11
4.28
4.71
5.07
5.39
3.43
6.13
5.29
4.44
3.07
3.12
3.82
3.99
•2.48
3.10
12.94
12.17
11.72
11.94
13.22
12.56
12.44
14.33
14.89
14.17
14.06
14.11
14.44
2.70 13.50
Cu
0.004
0.015
0.009
0.003
0.003
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.021
0.021
0.008
0.009
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.006
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.004
0.007
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
Pb
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0:001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.002
o.oop
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
Zn
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.000
-0.002
0.012
0.007
0.004
-0.003
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.001
-0.003
0.000
-0.001
0.005
0.003
-0.004
-0.002
0.001
0.003
0.000
0.002
-0.003
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
Ca
0.2
51.0
72.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
40.0
74.1
72.5
75.3
79.8
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
, 0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
CI
58.8
59.9
61.0
69.4
64.8
70.4
70.5
68.1
69.6
69.8
69.2
. 62.3
63.5
62.9
68.6
72.8
69.8
61.5
74.2
76.6
80.0
79.2
90.5
94.7
101.8
100.4
. 100.7
90.3
92.7
95.7
74.6
95.5
85.7
87.4
93.4
89.9
86.2
73.1
85.2
69.8
83.5
84.1
, 76.8
76.1
60.1
66.6
76.7
78.2
75.0
59.7
71.3
71.3
70.7
73.6
58.5
74.9
69.8
63.7
65.4
67.0
Fe
-0.001
-0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.090
0.013
0.004
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.001
0.000
-0.002
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.004
-0.002
0.000
-0.003
-0.002
0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.002
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.006
0.002
0-002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.015
-0.001
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.005
0.000
F
0.22
0.23
0.22
0.25
0.23
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.19
0.22
0.22
0.23
L0.23
0.22
0.26
0.23
0.23
0.20
0.20
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.22
0.25
0.23
0.25
0.23
0.26
0.24
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.22
K
1.94
4.09
3.40
0.78
1.47
1.08
1.55
2.46
5.43
3.04
2.96
2.83
2.60
0.39
0.56
0.65
2.70
4.17
4.57
7.23
6.84
1.84
7.07
8.51
9.81
6.45
7.59
2.25
2.84
5.68
5.76
6.60
6.85
10.75
13.89
7.42
7.29
7.37
8.13
7.75
7.68
8.22
9.55
9.57
9.17
8.20
9.63
7.22
2.82
1.68
2.12
1.96
2.82
2.64
1.40
0.89
1.36
1.88
. 0.98
0.96
1.07
Mg
0.1
24.8
26.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
26.6
24.1
24.4
23.1
22.5
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1,
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
Mn
-0.001
0.003
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
O.OOQ
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000.
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0,000
Na
178.5
78.4
49.3
174.3
170.3
175.3
171.5
167.3
77.2
45.5
42.1
37.8
40.8
170.2
176.3
180.3
174.7
176.5
172.5
174.8
180.2
175.7
181.9
186.3
200.2
182.4
190.6
180.3
160.7
174.7
161.7
188.5
175.0
189.8
183.7
180.6
166.8
162.4
178.9
16.1.1
174.2
174.2
161.7
153.1
162.5
152.6
166.3
187.5
186.7
182.8
164.2
178.0
178.0
196.3
180.9
172.2
186.2
182.0
171.5
180.3
189.6
NH3
-0.02
-0.02
0.00
0.00
-0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.03
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
,0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
-0.08
-0.08
0.01
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
. 76
-------
Table A-4. Results of analyses of softened water, phase II study. *
Date
07/26/95
07/31/95
08/02/95
08/07/95
08/09/95
08/14/95
08/16/95
08/21/95
08/23/95
08/28/95
08/30/95
09/06/95
09/11/95
09/13/95
09/25/95
09/27/95
10/02/95
10/04/95
10/11/95
10/16/95
10/18/95
10/23/95
10/25/95
10/30/95
11/01/95
11/06/95
11/08/95
11/13/95
11/20/95
11/27/95
11/29/95
12/04/95
12/06/95
12/11/95
12/18/95
12/20/95
12/28/95
01/04/96
01/08/96
01/10/96
01/17/96
01/22/96
01/24/96
01/29/96
01/31/96
02/05/96
02/07/96
02/12/96
02/14/96
02/21/96
02/26/96
02/28/96
03/04/96
03/06/96
03/11/96
Days
246
251
253
258
260
265
267
272
274
279
281
288
293
295
307
309
314
316
323
328
330
335
337
342
344
349
351
356
363
370
372
377
379
384
391
393
400
407
412
414
421
426
428
433
435
440
442
447
449
456
461
463
468
470
475
PH
/.48
/.42
/.3b
/.3b
/.44
/.41
/.39
/.42
/.43
/.42
Ab3
/.43
/.39
A40
A3/
/.31
/.4b
/.39
/.3/
A46
/.42
/.4«
/.4b
/.49
I At
/.3b
/.48
AbO
A48
/.b2
/.b6
l.bl
/.63
/.b2
/.b3
/.b3
/.bfa
/.4b
/.b1
IAI
A41
/.43
/.39
7.32
/.32
/.24
/.30
/.31
DO
2.48
2.b4
4.0b
3.2/
2.34
2.40
2.bb
1.79
2.60
2.bb
2.b8
3.03
3.26
3.bO
3.46
3.4/
1./3
1./1
1.83
1.92
1.89
1.9b
1.94
1.93
1.99
4.24
2.45
2.44
2.80
2.8b
2.93
2./1
3.19
3.24
3.26
2V/
3.8b
3./8
4.34
4.bb
b.38
fa./b
6.11
b.1b
4.44
4.8b
4.93
b.01
4.98
2.49
b.01
b.42
b.b8
b./Y
Temp
14.33
15.61
13.56
13.94
17.33
17.11
16.83
16.56
16.72
17.28
16.94
18.56
16.72
16.11
16.56
17.67
18.78
18.67
18.61
18.44
18.50
18.50
18.28
18.39
17.72
14.94
17.44
17.22
16.72
16.22
16.11
16.11
15.61
15.00
15.78
14.11
13.89
13.56
12.44
12.61
12.39
11.28
11.33
11.17
11.06
10.78
12.39
12.28
12.44
12.11
15.28
11.61
12.11
11.28
Cu
0.006
0.004
0.006
-0.003
0.010
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.027
0.003
Pb
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.001
In 0.000
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
Zn
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.005
-0.005
-0.005
0.000
-0.002
0.004
-0.005
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
-0.005
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.002
-0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.003
0.001
0.000
-0.003
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
Ca
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
,0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.1
13.5
0.3
Cl
71.6
72.4
76.5
73.1
65.9
62.1
65.4
61.6
. 63.4
63.5
63.2
68.5
69.0
65.5
72.0
78.2
83.1
80.7
78.8
74.5
73.7
75.1
74.7
73.6
68.2
63.1
70.9
70.0
64.9
63.4
64.9
62.8
61.9
. 62.1
65.3
63.0
62.0
64.4
65.0
69.7
70.5
73.5
63.5
62.7
68.8
78.3
89.2
89.0
.86.1
73.2
103.0
93.5
• 90.6
Fe
0.000
-0.002
^0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.007
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.002
.0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
F
K
1.13
0.95
1.14
1.01
0.9S
1.01
1.10
1.06
1.13
1.14
1.08
1.19
1.07
1.08
1.13
1.07
1.07
1.02
1.20
0.96
1.02
1.15
1.14
1.41
1.16
1.14
1.03
1.13
0.99
1.01
1.03
1.08
1.04
0.96
1.15
1.01
0.95
1.12
1.02
0.97
1.05
1.20
0.98
0.99
1.03
2.25
1.05
0.99
1.86
0.85
15.02
- 0.90
Mg
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.0
23.4
0.1
Mn
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.006
-0.001
Na
185.2
166.1
200.7
178.9
173.5
170.4
178.4
171.3
172.2
164.1
163.7
161.8
181.4
191.8
186.2
199.3
195.9
184.8
180.3
188.8
184.6
173.9
179.8
171.4
179.8
187.6
180.7
169.5
168.9
171.2
166.7
171.2
163.5
161.2
180.1
182.4
174.0
176.6
177.7
173.8
171.6
173.0
167.1
165.2
172.0
181.3
200.8
198.8
186.2
174.0
191.2
136.6
190.3
NH3
0.01
0.01
'-0.00
0.02
0.04
0.03
-0.01
-0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.01
-0.05
-0.05
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.02
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.04
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
-0.01
0.00
-0.01
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
77
-------
Table A-4. Results of analyses of softened water, phase II study.*
Date
11/22/94
11/28/94
12/01/94
12/05/94
12/07/94
12/12/94
12/15/94
12/19/94
12/21/94
12/27/94,
„____,
01/03/95"
6l/tM/f5j
01/12/95
01/1 7/951
01/19/95
01/23/95
01/25/95
02/01/95
___,
02/08/95
02/13/95
02/23/95
02/27/95
03/02/95
03/06/95
03/08/95
03/13/95
03/15/95
03/20/95J
03/22/95
03/27/95
63/29/951
04/03/95
bj/os/gSj
04/10/95
04/1 2/95J
04/17/95
04/19/95
04/24/95
04/26/95
05/0j/95_j
05/08/95
05/10/95
05/15/95
05/17/95
05/22/95
05/24/95"1
05/31/95
06/05/95
06/07/95
06/12/95j
06/14/95
____!
06/26/95
06/2J3/95j
07/05/95
07/10/95"1
07/12/95
07/17/95,
07/19/951
07/24/95
NO3
1,03
1.52
1.52
L_L6jL
1.65
J.8J,
1.77
1.82
1.80
il90
""iTiS
2.16
L_J-74
1.99
2.10
rzio
2.15
1.70
^2,24
^2.34
2.30
2.59
2.64
2.70
1.90
2.22
1.14
2.53
2.40
2.59
3.17
3.17
ujyE
HuS)
1,85
2.54
2.60
_H-HJ
2.04
2.32
2.11
~2^
2.29]
2.35
2.26
'~Z321
_MZj
1.75
1.75
1.59
2.03
2.03
1.72
2.14
2.14
"~Z03
2.17
2.24
^2.03
2.03
i_P__
^64
0.060
0.075
0.094
JJ.059
0.162
0.118
0.106
r0.158~
0.176
0.148
0.130
1).112
0.074
0.094
0.042
0.057
0.051
0.121
0.084
0.133
0.099
0.091
0.083
0.041
0.098
0.084
LPJ3!
0.087
0.103
rO129
M0.054
•"O.OSe
0.054
0.063
0.153
0.097
0.138
0.073
0.073
0.079
0.126
0.108
0.141
0.088
0.142
0.116
"~O066l
0.014
0.051
0.092
0.082
0.069
0.086
0.087
0.200
0.014
0.109
0.107
0.059
0.072
P04
0.31
0.29
0.27
0.29
0.34
0.26
0.26
0.28
0.22
0.33
0.34
[JX23
0.21
r~oTl9~
0.37
0.36
0.34
0.24
0.36
0.31
0.39
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.34
0.20
0.12
0.00
0.26
0.24
0.24
0.37
*~QA3
0.27
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.17
Si
3.46
3.61
3.53
3.20
3.29
3.08
3.02
3.24
[_3.33
3.04
|_ 3.13
3.10
3.56
3.39
3.29
3.34
3.54
3.57
3.12
3.17
3.05
3.28
3.15
2.89
3.79
3.15
3.15
3.12
3.26
2.93
2.63
3.14
3.00
3.55
3.52
2.80
2.78
2.89
3.23
2.89
2.98
2.79
2.79
2.80
2.89
2.85
2.94
3.65
3.77
3.48
3.08
3.45
3.42
3.55
3.39
3.26
3.59
3.49
3.44
3.49
3.78
SiO2
7.42
7.74
7.57
6.86
7.04
6.60
6.48
6.94
7.13
6.52
6.71
6.64
7.64
7.27
7.05
7.15
7.59
7.65
6.69
6.79
6.53
7.02
6.75
6.19
8.12
6.76
6.74
6.68
6.98
6.28
5.63
6.73
6.42
7.61
7.53
5.99
5.95
6.19
6.92
6.20
6.39
5.98
5.98
6.00
6.18
6.12
6.31
7.82
8.08
7.45
6.60
7.40
7.33
7.60
7.26
6.98
7.69
7.47
7.36
7.49
8.09
Sn
0.069
0.035
0.069
0.069
0.083
0.090
0.084
0.073
0.089
0.088
0.059
0.047
0.058
0.081
0.061
0.045
0.082
0.080
0.053
0.070
0.084
0.047
0.025
0.031
0.049
0.064
0.067
0.066
0.069
0.082
0.053
0.070
0.072
0.093
0.108
0.079
0.090
0.096
0.091
0.071
0.078
0.080
0.091
0.101
0.076
0.085
0.091
0.118
0.093
0.132
0.073
0.103
0.098
0.108
0.079
0.085
0.116
0.076
0.140
0.084
0.085
S
14.2
14.9
14.6
15.0
14.4
15.9
15.8
15.0
16.7
16.4
16.5
15.6
15.5
15.5
16.2
16.0
14.8
14.6
15.8
15.9
15.4
16.7
17.0
16.4
16.4
15.8
16.0
15.7
17.1
15.9
15.3
15.7
15.8
15.0
15.5
16.4
18.2
17.2
16.3
15.9
15.6
16.3
16.0
17.2
15.1
14.3
14.5
15.7
15.1
14.8
13.2
14.2
14.6
14.2
13.9
14.2
14.0
14.4
14.2
14.9
15.1
SO4
42.6
44.8
43.9
45.1
43.3
47.7
47.5
45.0
50.2
49.1
49.4
46.8
46.6
46.5
48.7
48.0
44.5
43.8
47.3
,47.8
46.2
50.0
50.9
49.3
49.2
47.3
47.9
47.0
51.4
47.6
45.8
47.2
47.4
44.9
46.4
49.1
54.5
51.6
48.9
47.8
46.9
48.8
48.0
51.6
45.3
42.9
43.4
,
47.2
45.3
44.3
39.7
42.6
43.8
42.6
41.7
42.5
41.9
43.1
42.7
44.8
45.3
T-alk
283.5
278.7
273.0
255.3
257.9
233.9
233.3
234.1
230.7
235.2
237.8
242.7
252.3
253.5
253.8
257.1
268.3
291.4
263.3
260.6
256.1
233.6
241.6
236.0
278.5
259.4
250.5
248.2
253.2
240.6
220.6
241.1
235.5
286.0
279.7
241.6
240.4
243.5
261.8
248.5
258.2
246.0
244.5
243.6
239.5
233.5
255.1
292.2
293.1
284.3
281.7
269.3
280.7
256.8
253.5
267.1
270.5
287.0
TIC
77.71
76.08
62.41
69.37
67.98
60.16
59.84
62.03
60.25
61.40
69.47
64.82
67.74
69.78
68.16
68.83
68.14
67.50
61.33
63.30
62.17
74.64
68.67
66.31
65.74
67.26
64.25
57.22
63.67
62.79
77.31
75.22
64.55
63.97
62.51
68.71
64.72
66.30
64.80
63.81
63.49
62.50
60.95
67.95
78.48
79.66
75.17
66.34
75.61
72.72
77.62
69.71
67.47
75.43
73.21
71.81
71.62
76.89
* All units in mg/L, except for pH
in units and temperature in °C.
78
-------
Table A-4. Results of analyses of softened water, phase II study.*
Date
07/26/95
07/31/95
08/02/95
08/07/95
08/09/95
08/14/95
08/16/95
08/21/95
08/23/95
08/28/95
08/30/95
09/06/95
09/11/95
09/13/95
09/25/95
09/27/95
10/02/95
10/04/95
10/11/95
10/16/95
10/18/95
10/23/95
10/25/95
10/30/95
11/01/95
11/06/95
11/08/95
11/13/95
11/20/95
11/27/95
11/29/95
12/04/95
12/06/95
12/11/95
12/18/95
12/20/95
12/28/95
01/04/96
01/08/96
01/10/96
01/17/96
01/22/96
01/24/96
01/29/96
01/31/96
02/05/96
02/07/96
02/12/96
02/14/96
02/21/96
02/26/96
02/28/96
03/04/96
03/06/96
03/11/96
NO3
2.08
2.08
1.75
1.64
2.01
2.15
1.71
1.89
1.74
1.75
1.85
1.85
1.85
1.85
2.12
2.50
2.23
2.20
2.15
2.20
2.30
2.30
2.23
0.00
2.04
1.94
1.50
1.99
2.13
2.03
2.03
2.09
2.35
2.51
2.51
2.30
2.46
2.89
2.89
2.80
2.70
2.65
1.76
1.72
1.58
1.65
1.80
1.70
2.11
2.26
P
0.052
0.129
0.052
0.024
0.066
0.082
0.071
0.145
0.045
0.139
0.108
0.033
0.069
0.070
0.072
0.070
0.076
0.136
0.092
0.060
0.110
0.130
0.071
0.123
0.056
0.072
0.144
0.064
0.151
0.050
0.115
0.067
0.035
0.065
0.074
0.108
0.101
0.081
0.063
0.046
0.056
0.070
0.071
0.061
0.052
0.087
0.043
0.037
0.038
0.078
0.030
0.097
0.030
PO4
0.23
0.40
0.11
0.10
0.30
0.31
0.33
0.28
0.28
0.33
0.29
0.29
0.19
0.13
0.21
0.22
0.32
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.35
0.33
0.35
0.23
0.29
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.31
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.31
0.28,
0.23
0.25
0.21
0.22
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.25
0.18
0.21
0.18
0.18
0.24
0.08
0.10
0.13
Si
3.70
3.59
4.31
4.00
3.74
3.63
3.63
3.73
3.81
3.66
3.62
3.69
3.97
4.18
4.01
3.95
3.79
3.77
3.75
3.78
3.70
3.58
3.56
3.49
3.56
3.90
3.73
3.68
3.65
3.52
3.54
3.39
3:42
3.38
3.33
3:30
3.30
3.17
3.19
3.20
3.06
3.04
3.11
3.09
3.03
3.70
3.61
3.64
3.41
3.48
3.73
3.76
3.62
SiO2
7.94
7.70
9.24
8.58
8.00
7.78
7.79
7.98
8.17
7.84
7.75
7.92
8.51
8.96
8.59
8.46
8.12
8.08
8.04
8.10
7.93
7.67
7.62
7.48
7.62
8.36
8.00
7.88
7.83
7.55
7.59
7.25
7.34
7.23
7.12
7.08
7.08
6.79
6.83
6.85
6.55
6.50
6.67
6.61
6.49
-7.92
7.73
7.81
. 7.31
7.45
8.00
8.07
7.76
Sn
0.084
0.098
0.079
0.103
0.111
0.059
0.068
0.081
0.072
0.089
0.088
0.078
0.091
0.028
0.039
0.036
0.049
0.039
0.043
0.036
0.041
0.044
0.035
0.030
0.038
0.041
0.053
0.055
0.048
0.064
0.067
0.084
0.067
0.087
0.016
0.043
0.050
0.042
0.050
0.053
0.091
0.066
0.071
0.076
0.100
0.088
0.096
0.092
0.078
0.086
0.035
0.036
0.047
S
15.3
17.0
17.3
15.8
15.1
14.0
14.8
15.0
14.9
14.3
14.2
15.2
15.1
15.8
16.0
16.4
17.6
16.4
16.3
16.0
15.9
16.3
15.9
16.0
15.9
15.4
15.8
15.6
15.7
14.7
14.8
14.6
14.6
14.8
16.3
15.9
15.4
15.2
15.4
15.3
15.3
14.9
14.2
13.6
14.3
15.0
14.9
15.0
• 15.1
14.3
14.6
14.8
14.6
SO4
45.9
51.1
51.8
47.5
45.3
42.0
44.4
45.0
44.7
42.8
42.7
45.5
45.4
47.4
48.1
49.2
52.9
49.3
49:0
48.1
47.7
48.8
47.6
47.9
47.7
46.2
47.3
46.8
47.1
44.1
44.5
43.7
43.9
44.4
,48.8
47.6
46.3
45.7
46.2
46.0
45.9
44.8
42.7
40.7
43.0
45.1
44.8
45.0
45.4
42.9
43.7
44.3
43.8
T-alk
286.3
275.6
309.7
300.3
263.2
261.1
260.6
263.4
268.9
259.3
261.2
263.8
283.1
284.5
278.1
273.1
256.3
255.7
255.8
253.4
252.8
251.4
252.5
254.0
256.3
300.1
263.0
255.2
254.0
254.2
255.3
262.8
257.0
257.9
259.2
262.6
261.5
256.5
256.4
246.9
253.0
244.6
249.5
248.9
263.1
295.3
291.8
292.9
288.8
254.2
295.3
285.4
281.2
TIC
74.64
70.92
82.83
79.30
70.74
69.69
69.46
70.40
72.03
69.40
70.04
70.74
76.50
77.05
74.78
73.46
68.55
68.25
68.31
67.67
67.64
67.70
67'. 17
67.71
68.40
80.78
70.02
68.95
66.62
68.72
• 69.42
71.80
70.89
68.50
70.40
71.40
71.20
68.90
69.11
67.50
63.68
68.32
65.96
70.22
80.92
79.11
78.43
76.75
79.20
76.44
76.10
* All units in mg/L, except for-pH
in units and temperature in °C.
79
-------
Appendix B
80
-------
Table B-l. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops, phase I
study.*
Loop 1
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.015
0.043
-0.027
-0.023
-0.019
-0.014
-0.009
-0.009
-0.009
0.009
-0.004
-0.004
0.005
-0.006
0.000
0.000
0.014
-0.003
0.001
0.011
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.013
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.003
-0.004
-0.001
0.004
0.011
-0.010
-0.008
0.000
-0.013
0.004
0.006
-0.002
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.001
-0.009
0.005
0.008
-0.005
-0.001
-0.002
0.022
-0.003
-0.003
-0.001
0.002
0.005
0.020
Pb
0.354
0.044
0.403
0.300
0.332
0.283
0.283
0.316
0.295
0.337
0.286
0.276
0.307
0.326
0.344
0.304
0.283
0.298
0.302
0.288
0.312
0.488
0.251
0.258
0.255
0.290
0.245
0.240
0.293
0.289
0.227
0.258
0.239
0.274
0.300
0.331
0.243
0.214
0.231
0.291
0.265
0.236
0.229
0.272
0.279
0.257
0.268
0.276
0.248
0:263
0.281
0.013
0.274
0.248
0.248
0.231
0.203
0.225
0.222
Zn
-0.010
0.124
-0.001
-0.007
-0.010
-0.008
-0.005
-0.010
-0.009
-0.007
-0.012
-0.013
-0.009
-0.012
-0.011
-0.007
-0.006
-0.004
0.001
-0.014
-0.010
-0.009
-0.015
-0.016
-0.017
-0.011
-0.019
-0.009
-0.006
-0.013
-0.006
-0.014
-0.013
-0.009
-0.010
-0.008
-0.010
-0.013
-0.003
-0.005
-0.006
-0.004
-0.006
-0.008
-0.006
-0.008
-0.005
-0.001
-0.008
-0.009
-0.011
-0.008
-0.003
-0.006
-0.007
-0.006
-0.007
-0.009
-0.015
Ca
Mq
Na
Loop 2
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
1 1/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/9;
01/06/92
01/11/9;
01/13/9;
01/20/9;
01/25/9;
01/27/9;
02/01/9;
02/03/9;
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
Q5/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
D6/07/93
36/09/93
36/14/93
36/23/93
36/28/93
36/30/93
37/07/93
37/12/93
Days
C
I
6
1-
1;
1£
2C
25
27
32
3'
3£
41
46
4f
be
56
6C
62
6i
7i
76
81
a;
8f
9C
9/
104
10E
111
116
11?
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
.158
160
165
167
172
174
1/9
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
'^14
223
228
230
W7
W
Cu
-0.002
-0.005
-0.022
-0.012
0.001
-0.005
-O.OOE
0.002
o.oo;
-0.004
-0.004
0.006
-0.01;
o.ooc
0.007
O.OOE
-0.003
0.004
0.014
0.003
O.OOC
0.004
0.004
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.007
-0.010
0.000
0.006
0.010
-0.01 1
-0.008
0.000
0.000
-0.015
0.004
0.008
-0.009
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.009
0.006
-0.010
-0.001
0.003
0.022
-0.003
0.005
-0.001
0.003
-0.001
0.004
Pb
0.33'
0.33S
0.366
0.252
0.33'
0.297
0.26'
0.28£
0.30'
0.28^
0.28'
0.30£
0.29C
0.307
0.31 £
0.29-!
0.276
0.331
0.321
0.28-!
0.297
0.38E
0.254
0.254
0.23£
0.285
0.156
0.246
0.293
0.25C
0.205
0.256
0.234
0.258
0.271
0.339
0.276
0.231
0.232
0.265
0.257
0.240
0.247
0.250
0.274
0.264
0.225
0:264
0.251
0.246
0.293
0.009
0.269
0.258
0.237
0.239
0.195
3.240
3.214
Zn
0.007
-0.003
-0.01 C
-0.007
-0.001
-0.00£
-0.007
-0.008
-O.OOE
-0.005
-0.01 C
-0.004
0.001
-0.009
0.01;
-0.001
0.001
-0.002
0.001
-0.007
-0.005
0.001
-0.007
-0.013
-O.OOE
-0.004
-0.015
-0.006
-0.001
-0.007
-0.005
-0.007
-0.008
-0.007
-0.004
0.000
-0.002
-0.009
0.004
-0.002
-0.002
-0.006
-0.004
-0.006
-0.004
-0.005
-0.004
-0.004
-0.004
-0.007
-0.009
-0.008
-0.002
-0.007
-0.004
-0.005
-0.004
-0.005
-0.009
Oa
Mq
Na
* All units in mg/L.
81
-------
Table B-l. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops, phase I
study.*
LpogJ_
..
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
; 07/28/93
J38/02/93
! 08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
I 08/1 8/93
I 08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
J2/13/93J
12/15/931
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
jzm
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
_flit
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
"454*
461
468
Cu
0.004
-0.002
-0.008
-0.009
JJ3.003
-0.016
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
-0.005
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.017
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.002
Pb
0.237
0.225
0.233
0.246
0.263
0.239
0.247
0.189
0.256
0.252
0.267
0.049
0.284
0.237
0.299
0.269
0.232
0.258
0.277
0.289
0.289
0.270
0.243
0.244
0.260
0.266
0.286
0.256
0.268
0.297
0.294
0.290
0.286
0.275
0.276
0.259
0.271
0.288
0.290
0.267
0.255
0.255
0.233
0.256
0.265
0.264
0.248
0.263
0.265
0.240
0.256
0;191
0.188
Zn
-0.009
-0.007
-0.008
-0.006
-0.007
-0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.001
-0.002
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.004
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
Ca
24.1
24.1
25.4
26.9
25.b
23.9
26.0
26.6
26.6
26.6
25.8
26.2
26.3
24.1
24.4
23.5
22. /
24.6
22.6
24.6
26.3
25.1
26.2
25.6
26.2
25.4
25.0
24.9
24. /
23.7
23.4
24.7
24.3
24.6
23.2
23.7
23.4
24.0
25.1
24.5
23.8
24.9
24.4
24.9
26.3
25.3
26.1
25.1
Mg
22.9
22.5
23.3
23.«
24.1
22. /
23.0
21.8
23.9
24.4
23.1
22. /
24.1
23.3
23.8
23.b
23.2
23.3
23.0
24.2
23.9
24.1
23.0
23.0
24.2
23.9
23.7
23. /
24.0
22.7
22. /
23.0
23.«
24.4
23.0
22.5
22.0
23.5
23.6
23.9
22.6
24.2
23.5
22.3
23.2
23.6
23.7
23.3
Na
21.4
22.0
21.4
21.5
23.6
23.1
25.0
21.7
25.3
24.4
27.4
27.0
•26.9
22.8
26.6
2A5
28.4
24.9
26.0
26.5
27.0
27.8
25.9
26.5
29.4
30.9
32.4
2/.1
30.9
27.5
26.1
26.6
26.1
29.5
26.6
26.3
26.2
26.0
24.8
27.2
25.0
27.6
26.6
26.1
27.4
25.4
25.9
27.4
Loop 2
„
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
0.1/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
24£
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
-0.017
-0.005
o.oo;
-0.016
0.007
0.001
O.OOC
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.001
O.OOC
-0.001
0.003
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
-0.005
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.002
-0.002
0,003
-0.001
0.000
0.004
Pb
0.236
0.223
0.237
0.248
0.257
0.251
0.211
0.196
0.257
0.251
0.256
0.054
0.288
0.309
0.301
0.281
0.024
0.265
0.280
0.278
0.290
0.252
0.258
0.245
0.274
0.268
0.282
0.275
0.262
0.303
0.306
0.288
0.299
0.274
0.308
0.289
0.306
0.304
0.291
0.275
0.271
0.220
0.264
0.25d
0.257
0.253
0.258
0.271
0.292
0.239
0.262
0.208
0.233
Zn
-0.012
-0.007
-0.003
-0.006
-0.007
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
0.001
-0.002
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.003
0.004
-0.004
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.002
0.000
Ca
25.1
24.3
24.1
25.3
25.8
25.9
23.6
26.0
25.9
26.5
25.6
25.8
25.2
26.1
23.7
25.8
23.4
22.6
24.7
23.2
24.3
25.3
25.4
26.0
26.0
25.2
25.5
24.7
24.5
25.0
23.9
23.9
24.6
23.8
24.6
23.5
24.1
23.4
24.8
25.2
22.6
23.8
25.0
24.8
24.4
25.2
25.2
26.1
?f>5
Mq
23.5
23.1
22.4
23.3
23.9
23.7
22.9
23.0
22.3
23.8
23.8
22.8
22.8
24.4
23.0
23.9
23.6
22.6
23.7
23.9
23.9
24.0
24.2
23.0
23.5
23.6
24.1
23.6
23.8
23.9
22.4
22.2
23.2
23.6
24.0
23.2
23.2
21.9
23.5
23.7
22.6
22.4
24.2
23.9
22.3
23.2
23.8
24.3
?30
Na
22. t
21.7
21.6
21.5
22.1
22.8
24.2
24.8
22.8
25.2
23.7
26.6
27.7
27.5
23.2
24.9
26.5
27.5
25.2
27.2
26.3
27.0
27.9
25.8
27.2
28.0
31.5
31.9
27.4
29.8
26.4
25.8
27.2
26.5
28.5
26.7
26.8
26.0
25.4
24.9
26.3
24.5
26.9
25.8
25.5
27.5
25.7
27.1
765
All units in mg/L.
82
-------
Table B-la, Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops, phase I study.*
Loop 1
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.010
-0.005
0.003
-0.021
-0.016
-0.012
-0.009
-0.009
0.007
-0.005
-0.004
-0.004
0.008
-0.017
0.000
0.009
0.010
-0.003
-0.006
0.004
-0.006
0,000
0.006
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.004
-0.001
-0.01 1
0.004
-0.006
-0.006
-0.015
0.000
-0.002
0.004
-0.011
-0.019
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.008
0.009
0.011
-0.024
0.003
0.008
-0.003
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.012
Pb
0.202
0.284
0.271
0.217
0.224
0.247
0.215
0.233
0.232
0:219
0.208
0.208
0.221
0.247
0.224
0.258
0.241
0.254
0.235
0.175
0.237
0.306
0.200
0.205
0.166
0.245
0.158
0.289
0.251
0.204
0.192
0.182
0.177
0.172
0.210
0.212
0.210
0.164
0.184
0.251
0.187
0.244
0.195
0.216
0.193
0.194
0.305
0.215
0.196
0.200
0.197
0.188
0.203
0.177
0.177
0.202
0.185
0.180
0.192
0.165
Zn
0.001
-0.013
-0.009
-0.007
-0.008
-0.009
-0.010
-0.010
-0.008
-0.008
-0.012
-0.014
-0.005
-0.009
-0.006
-0.007
-0.009
-0.007
-0.005
-0.009
-0.013
-0.012
-0.010
-0.018
-0.009
-0.007
-0.016
-0.011
-0.014
-0.011
-0.009
-0.013
-0.006
-0.014
-0.012
-0.011
-0.009
-0.012
-0.004
-0.005
-0.008
-0.008
-0.005
-0.006
-0.007
-0.004
-0.007
-0.006
-0.008
-0.009
-0.013
-0.008
-0.007
-0.008
-0.005
-0.006
-0.005
-0.014
-0.009
-0.012
Ca
Mq
Na
Loop 2
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
C
4
6
11
13
18
2C
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.006
-0.005
-0.004
-0.02C
-0.015
-0.01 1
-0.009
-O.OOS
0.01G
-0.005
-0.004
-0.004
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.012
-0.003
0.008
-0.001
-0.003
0.000
0.008
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.002
-0.004
-0.001
0.004
0.014
0.000
-0.014
0.003
0.000
-0.004
-0.010
-0.002
-0.004
0.003
0.004
0.001
0.006
0.009
0.010
-0.010
-0.004
0.005
0.007
-0.01 1
0.009
-0.003
0.001
,0.001
-0.006
-0.001
-0.003
Pb
0.284
0.282
0.273
0.225
0.264
0.242
0.184
0.224
0.232
0.212
0.192
0.253
0.244
0.217
0.262
0.238
0.228
0.230
0.240
0.212
0.230
0.249
0.180
0.173
0.177
0.232
0.162
0.263
,0.260
0.173
0.157
0.151
0.156
0.162
0.198
0.186
0.199
0.172
0.159
0.202
0.159
0.193
0.237
0.173
0.184
0.179
0.272
0.230
0.181
0.167
0.186
0.176
0.177
0.160
0.174
0.142
0.194
0.174
0.195
0.222
Zn
0.003
-0.002
-0.011
-0.007
-0.006
-0.01 1
-0.010
-0.003
-0.002
-0.010
-0.010
-0.008
-0.008
0.004
0.011
0.007
0.056
-0.009
-0.011
0.001
0.010
-0.012
-0.002
0.001
0.016
0.006
-0.004
-0.009
-0.006
-0.003
-0.004
-0.011
0.001
-0.004
-0.002
0.005
-0.003
-0.002
-0.002
-0.003
0.001
-0.001
0.001
-0.008
-0.008
-0.004
-0.008
-0.005
-0.007
-0.008
-0.009
,0.003
-0.007
-0.005
-0.008
0.000
0.002
-0.006
-0.003
-0.009
Ca
Mq
Na
All units in mg/L.
83
-------
Table B-la. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops, phase I study.*
Loopl
. _
Date
07/14/93
JW19/93j
jjjjjMjji:
07/26/931
07/28/93
J§[02/93j
08/04/931
08/09/93
___,
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/931
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
J1£tO/93j
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
J2/27/93j
T27297931
01/03/94
OW5/94,
^01/10«4J
01/1 2/9?
jj>1/|4/94j
<01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
J2/16/94|
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
,347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
^ 438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
M)JD12
nMX)T
-0.013
-0.023
-0.006
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
-0.004
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.002
O.O01
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.002
Pb
0.195
0.202
0.192
0.209
0.204
0.201
0.198
0.171
0.228
0.260
0.252
0.077
0.203
0.313
0.252
0.241
0.213
0.201
0.232
0.240
0.261
0.211
0.225
0.207
0.201
0.212
0.220
0.258
0.230
0.214
0.211
0.208
0.176
0.212
0.194
0.156
0.201
0.193
0.217
0.231
0.212
0.222
0.222
0.231
0.208
0.238
0.265
0.227
0.264
0.193
0.208
0.167
0.190
Zn
-0.014
-0.006
-0.004
-0.007
-0.007
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.005
0,005
0.005
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.005
.0.002
0.004
0.005
0.002
-0.001
0.001
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.004
0.000
Ca
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Mg
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
Na
94.5
90.6
85.7
89.6
95.6
100.2
96.0
98.7
94.6
100.6
102.4
108.8
100.5
106.7
92.1
99.4
97.5
101.7
101.1
103.1
94.6
102.5
102.8
101.0
101.9
103.4
108.5
102.6
105.0
106.9
86.9
95.6
101.1
99.5
103.8
100.5
99.8
95.2
95.3
94.0
96.4
95.4
90.0
97.0
97.5
95.0
98.7
102.5
97.5
Loop 2
,
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
1 1/24/93
11/29/93
12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
-0.008
-0.004
-0.010
-0.013
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
-0.002
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
-0.005
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.001
-0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.013
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
•
0.000
0.001
Pb
0.188
0.175
0.185
0.198
0,199
0.183
0.183
0.161
0.219
0.234
0.220
0.251
0.203
0.260
0.234
0.198
0.196
0.181
0.220
0.230
0.256
0.193
0.220
0.203
0.214
0.212
0.211
0.239
0.254
0.231
0.222
0.218
0.168
0.216
0.209
0.209
0.214
0.212
0.210
0.206
0.205
0.192
0.203
0.210
0.183
0.213
0.229
0.171
0.218
0.166
0.173
0.142
0.149
Zn
-0.010
-0.007
-0.005
-0.007
-0.004
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
-0.002
0.001
-0.001
0.002
0,002
0,000
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0,001
0.002
0.000
0.000
-0.004
0.000
Ca
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Mg
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
Na
97.0
91.8
92.1
89.9
95.0
95.5
94.1
99.1
93.2
99.5
103.2
96.8
99.6
99.7
96.5
99.2
101.6
92.8
97.7
104.9
97.7
103.8
105.3
101.5
102.7
99.2
105.6
104.1
96.5
107.0
101.8
98.0
100.3
97.3
105.2
101.3
100.5
93.6
93.2
87.6
95.7
96.9
89.9
102.1
99.5
96.0
103.8
99.8
97.6
* All units in mg/L.
84
-------
Table B-2, Results of analyses on non-softened standing water samples of copper tubing pipe loops,
phase I study.*
Loop 1
Date
11/12/93
11/16/92
11/18/92
11 /2S/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.110
0.067
0.125
0.074
0.101
0.090
0.108
0.120
0.109
0.111
0.083
0.105
0.138
0.075
0.092
0.075
0.112
0.127
0.110
0.093
0.104
0.096
0.099
0.092
0.080
0.086
0.090
0.083
0.059
0.093
0.078
0.081
0.053
0.072
0.067
0.081
0.064
0.045
0.105
0.093
0.070
0.070
0.089
0.089
0.071
0.071
0.073
0.074
0.088
0.101
0.029
0.088
0.088
0.068
0.063
0.061
0.057
0.060
Pb
0.001
0.006
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
,0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
Zn
0.253
0.197
0.067
-0.007
-0.012
-0.013
-0.003
-0.016
-0.009
-0.008
-0.013
-0.009
-0.01 1
-0.014
-0.012
-0.008
-0.011
-0.002
0.000
-0.011
-0.012
-0.012
-0.014
-0.016
-0.015
-0.009
-0.019
-0.009
-0.009
-0.011
-0.006
-0.015
-0.013
-0.013
-0.010
-0.010
-0.010
-0.015
0.000
-0.005
-0.006
-0.005
-0.006
-0.006
-0.007
-0.005
-0.006
-0.008
-0.007
-0.012
-0.01 1
-0.005
-0.006
-0.007
-0.005
-0.007
-0.009
-0.012
Ca
Mg
.«,.
Na
< • ;
Loop 2
'*,
,
Date
11/12/93
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
.158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.155
0.075
0.170
0.094
0.098
0.112
0.130
0.143
0.126
0.134
0.105
0.105
0.117
0.075
0.100
0.089
0.129
0.127
0.120
0.138
0.126
0.115
0.119
0.136
0.100
0.107
0.112
0.112
0.082
0.117
0.047
0.090
0.093
0.092
0.109
0.102
0.075
0.071
0.113
0.109
0.113
0.093
0.108
0.111
0.119
0.108
0.116
0.116
0.091
0.123
0.135
0.022
0.133
0.111
0.114
0.095
0.101
0.089
0.097
Pb
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
a.ooi
0.000
0.001
0.000
Zn
-0.004
0.304
-0.010
-0.005
-0.009
-0.010
-0.004
-0.009
-0.010
-0.007
-0.013
-0.011
-0.009
-0.011
-0.009
0.083
-0.008
-0.005
-0.001
-0.012
-0.010
-0.002
-0.012
-0.016
-0.016
-0.011
-0.016
-0.009
-0.009
-0.009
-0.011
-0.013
-0.009
-0.013
-0.009
-0.011
-0.010
-0.013
-0.002
-0.005
-0.007
-0.005
-0.006
.-0.006
-0.005
-0.007
-0.007
-0.006
-0.005
-0.010
-0.012
-0.008
-0.004
-0.007
-0.005
-0.005
-0.009
-0.008
-0.011
Ca
Mq
Na
All units in mg/L.
85
-------
Table B-2. Results of analyses on non-softened standing water samples of copper tubing pipe loops,
phase I study.*
_Loop1
_ -r
™™fflMM™1M^J
- ,_,- -
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
J>7/28/93^
08/02/93
08/04/93
JJ8/09/93,
08/T17931
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93j
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
JO/18/93,
10/20/931
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
J2AX5/93,
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
at/24/94i
01/26/94
jojmrcwT
]l/Ol/I5
"02/077941
02/09/94
02/16/94
7J27237941
Days
i_244.
249
251
256
258
_263,
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
,340
342
347
361
,363
uJ§8
~~370l
i375
LJUL
382
384
389
391
396
~398>
403
405
410
412
417
_4_!1|
^424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
0.064
0.084
0.087
0.057
0.079
0.078
0.071
0.064
0.089
U0.094
0.103
0.081
0.098
0.096
0.115
0.108
0.091
0.075
0.092
0.083
0.101
0.093
0.083
0.099
0,096
0.101
0.114
0.115
,0.115
^ans
0.100
0,094
0.090
0.106
0.101
0.091
0.075
0.087
0.088
0.100
0.123
0.072
JX063
[J3.095
J.088
ia075
0.090
0.079
0.090
0.077
0.075
0.086
iO084
0.076
Pb
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.013
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
-0.003
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
Zn
-0.011
-0.008
-0.007
-0.007
-0.007
-0.007
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.003
-0.001
-0.002
0.002
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.001
-0.004
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
•o.ooo
Ca
24.2
23.2
25.3
26.0
25.6
23.9
26.0
26.1
26.6
26.6
25.9
25.1
26.4
23.9
24.5
23.4
23.0
24.6
23.1
24.6
25.2
25.2
25.8
25.6
25.4
25.5
25.0
24.3
24.8
23.9
23.8
24.5
24.0
24.8
23.3
23.5
23.2
24.2
25.3
23.8
23.8
24.7
24.5
24.9
25.3
25.1
26.1
25.1
Mg
23.0
22.0
23.3
23.7
24.0
22.6
22.9
22.5
23.9
24.6
23.1
22.9
23.9
22.8
23.5
23.7
23.2
23.5
24.1
24.1
24.0
24.1
23.0
23.2
23.7
24.1
23.7
23.4
24.2
22.8
22.3
23.0
23.6
24.3
23.1
22.5
21.9
23.7
23.8
22.8
22.8
24.2
23.6
22.2
23.3
23.6
24.1
23.3
Na
21.5
22.1
21.6
21.7
23.7
22.7
24.5
23.0
25.0
24.7
27.1
27.9
25.7
22.5
25.4
27.4
28.0
25.2
27.4
26.5
27.7
27.7
25.8
26.9
28.6
31.2
31.9
27.3
30.7
27.1
25.8
26.9
26.2
28.7
26.8
26.6
25.9
26.3
25.3
25.4
25.3
27.2
25.6
24.8
27.3
25.5
26.7
27.2
Loop 2
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09713/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
0.095
0.107
0.098
0.078
0.109
0.100
0.102
0.085
0.102
0.112
0.116
0.094
0.114
0.107
0.126
0.122
0.106
0.086
0.108
0.100
0.108
0.101
0.089
0.107
0.101
0.105
0.118
0.123
0.122
0.113
0.104
0.097
0:088
0.109
0.103
0.086
0.076
0.087
0.106
0.101
0.087
0.075
0.065
0.094
0.091
0.088
0,094
0.075
0.090
0.077
0.073
0.082
0.088
0.076
Pb
0.001
0,000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.006
-0.001
0.004
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
Zn
-0.011
-0.009
-0.006
-0.005
-O.Q07
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.008
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.003
0.002
-0.002
0.002
-0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.002
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
0.001
-0.004
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
Ca
25.1
24.5
24.1
25.4
25.9
25.8
23.8
25.8
25.6
26.7
26.0
25.8
25.3
26.2
23.7
26.0
23.4
22.7
24.7
22.8
24.6
25.1
25.3
25.9
25.2
25.1
25.3
24.9
24.5
25.0
24.0
23.8
24.3
23.3
24.7
23.5
24.0
23.3
25.5
25.3
23.7
23.9
24.4
24.5
24.8
25.2
25.2
26.1
25.0
Mg
23.2
22.8
22.5
23.1
23.7
23.8
22.4
22.6
22.3
23.9
24.1
22.8
22.8
24.3
23.0
23.9
23.7
22.7
23.9
23.9
24.0
23.9
24.3
22.7
22.6
23.8
24.1
23.1
23.5
24.2
22.6
22.1
22.8
22.8
24.1
23.0
23.2
22.0
23.7
24.1
22.8
22.6
23.6
23.4
22.5
23.2
23.7
24.0
22.7
Na
22.7
21.2
21.7
21.0
21.1
23.3
22.9
23.9
22.5
22.9
23.9
26.5
28.0
26.7
22.8
25.1
27.0
27.6
26.2
27.2
26.4
26.7
28.3
25.5
26.2
28!0
31.9
30.6
26.6
30.4
26.6
26.1
26.6
25.2
28.5
26.3
26.9
26.3
25.4
25.5
25.4
24.7
26.3
24.9
25.5
27.4
25.6
26.2
26.8
* All units in mg/L.
86
-------
Table B-2a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper tubing pipe loops, phase I
study.*
Loopl
Date
11/12/93
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.080
0.043
0.113
0.074
0.077
0.090
0.086
0.101
0.100
0.088
0.083
0.083
0.127
0.075
0.100
0.082
0.108
0.120
0.096
0.100
0.103
0.115
0.108
0.100
0.086
0.093
0.090
0.090
0.074
0.098
0.101
0.074
0.068
0.089
0.088
0.102
0.085
0.058
0.112
0.111
0.089
0.093
0.070
0.111
0.111
0.095
0.119
0.080
0.084
0.107
0.119
0.094
0.095
0.098
0.091
0.092
0.095
0.084
0.076
Pb
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.002
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
Zn
-0.002
-0.011
-0.010
-0.010
-0.01 1
-0.009
-0.007
-0.014
-0.009
-0.008
-0.012
-0.012
-0.010
-0.013
-0.012
-0.012
-0.014
-0.006
-0.007
-0.007
-0.012
-0.009
-0.009
-0.018
-0.012
-0.008
-0.015
-0.011
-0.014
-0.008
-0.012
-0.012
-0.014
-0.010
0.072
-0.01 1
-0.009
-0.01 1
-0.006
-0.006
-0.007
0.021
-0.007
-0.010
-0.007
-0.002
-0.007
-0.007
-0.008
-0.006
-0.014
-0.009
-0.006
-0.007
-0.007
-0.008
-0.004
-0.012
-0.009
Ga
mg
Na
Loop 2
Date
11/12/93
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
C
A
6
11
13
1E
2C
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.076
0.05E
0.133
0.1 OC
0.1 OC
0.112
0.108
0.109
0.128
0.111
0.105
0.114
0.164
0.1 OC
0.125
0.108
0.141
0.127
0.131
0.122
0.113
0.135
0.127
0.100
0.107
0.107
0.112
0.111
0.093
0.117
0.103
0.097
0.081
0.088
0.105
0.108
0.085
0.083
0.091
0.113
0.103
0.093
0.101
0.111
0.115
0.104
0.142
0.077
0.105
0.109
0.124
0.101
0.111
0.100
0.094
0.106
0.095
0.098
0.096
Pb
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
0.001
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
Zn
-0.007
-0.012
-o.ooe
-0.003
-0.007
-0.002
0.003
-0.01 C
-0.008
-0.015
-0.015
-0.010
-0.009
-0.010
-0.01 C
-0.010
-0.008
-0.014
-0.013
-0.009
-0.011
-0.012
-0.015
-0.012
-0.008
-0.007
-0.012
-0.006
-0.012
-0.005
-0.013
-0.013
-0.01 1
-0.011
-0.01 1
-0.009
-0.009
-0.011
-0.007
-0.006
-0.008
-0.007
-0.005
-0.008
-0.008
-0.004
-0.006
-0.007
-0.008
-0.008
-0.013
-0.010
-0.009
-0,010
-0.009
-0.003
-0.001
-0.01'5
-0.008
Ca
Mg
Na
All units in mg/L.
87
-------
Table B-2a Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper tubing pipe loops, phase I
study.*
Loopl : Date
1 07/1 4/931
_i 67/19/9^
07/21/93;,
; 07/26/93J
; 07/28/93
_jOjJ/02/93,
____,
! 08/09/93
; 08/1 1/93
08/16/93
I 08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
: 08/30/93
I 09/01/93
09/08/93^
! 09/13/93,
109/15/93
_j 09/20/93
{ 09/22/93
jjsw27y93i
1 09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
• 10/18/93
= 10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
< 11/15/93]
j 11/1 7/93
1 11/22/93
11/24/93
____,
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
; 12/13/93
__iJ2^5/93s
12/20/931
12/22/93
'12/27/93,
; 12/29/93
! 01/03/94
01/05/94
^01/10/94
! 01/12/94
01/24/94
' 01/26/94J
01/31/94,
02^ra4j
, 02/07/94
I 02/09/94
02/16/94
• 02/23/94
_Da£S
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
,_37J5.
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
j_405
^410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
0.079
0.093
0.100
0.094
0.073
0.108
0.107
0.100
0.081
0.114
0.127
0.141
0.109
0.123
0.130
0.145
0.124
0.111
0.099
0.110
0.116
0.133
0.119
0.114
0.122
0.124
0.116
0.136
0.147
0.137
0.137
0.122
0.125
0.102
0.130
0.121
0.113
0.094
0.107
0.109
0.124
0.116
0.104
^0094
0.107
0.101
0.165
0.107
0.098
0.128
0.093
0.091
0.101
0.101
Pb
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.002
-0.002
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.002
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
Zn
-0.011
-0.012
-0.007
-0.006
-0.009
-0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.017
0.005
0.007
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.002
-0.004
-Oz001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.004
Ca
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
mg
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
Na
95.3
92.8
87.4
89.6
95.4
95.1
95.7
99.6
93.9
101.1
102.7
102.7
99.0
106.5
90.2
97.4
99.4
100.1
101.8
101.8
92.3
101.8
102.1
100.4
102.2
101.3
111.0
100.6
103.5
108.6
102.2
94.1
99.5
96.4
103.6
100.1
100.6
96.8
96.6
95.0
96.7
94.7
94.8
102.7
96.0
94.9
100.1
100.7
Loop 2
'
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
37.7
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
0.078
0.097
0.104
0.092
0.096
0.103
0.110
0.105
0.083
0.114
0.126
0.138
0.111
0.121
0.127
0.150
0.126
0.114
0.099
0.109
0.113
0.132
0.116
0.111
0.119
0.125
0.120
0.135
0.141
0.133
0.129
0.118
0.118
0.099
0.122
0.117
0.103
0.096
0.102
0.108
0.120
0.108
0.100
0.088
0.107
0.096
0.106
0.104
0.093
0.122
0.091
0.091
0.097
0.097
Pb
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.016
-0.002
0.001
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.000
-0,001
-0.002
0.000
-0,001
-0.001
-0,001
0.000
0,000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0,000
-0,001
0.000
O.OPO
0.000
0.001
Zn
-0.012
-0.017
-0.005
-0.005
-0.009
-0.008
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.005
0-003
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.002
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.002
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.004
Ca
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Mg
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
Na
98.4
• 93.5
88.4
88.7
92.1
93.8
95.7
99.9
92.7
108.2
103.0
100.8
100.1
99.3
89.9
98.3
99.2
99.5
100.7
103.0
97.0
103.8
103.2
102.3
102.3
99.3
103.7
101.6
102.0
106.5
97.9
94.6
96.2
98.2
104.1
96.2
100.1
93.7
93.8
90.7
96.8
96.9
90.5
104.1
96.5
96.6
101.4
101.9
* AH units in mg/L.
88
-------
Table B-3. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper soldered pipe loops,
phase I study.*
Loop 1
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
i
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.158
0.114
0.166
0.191
0.211
0.245
0.241
0.252
0.227
0.258
0.192
0.192
0.182
0.186
0.158
0.175
0.185
0.170
0.132
0.176
0.152
0.115
0.157
0.212
0.204
0.194
0.178
0.201
0.175
0.145
0.138
0.172
0.177
0.168
0.150
0.169
0.163
0.197
0.156
0.158
0.181
0.138
0.183
0.148
0.177
0.173
0.137
0.154
0.154
0.123
0.122
0.022
0.133
0.141
0.152
0.057
0.100
0.076
0.055
Pb
0.008
0.004
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.003
Zn
1.355
1.394
1.005
-0.009
-0.007
-0.012
-0.006
-0.011
-0.007
-0.007
0.763
1.059
0.993
1.163
0.194
0.068
0.073
0.106
0.078
0.123
0.106
0.058
-0.014
-0.016
-0.012
-0.009
-0.018
-0.011
-0.01 1
-0.011
-0.009
-0.013
-0.011
-0.012
-0.011
-0.009
-0.010
-0.013
-0.002
-0.006
-0.006
-0.006
-0.008
-0.006
-0.006
-0.007
-0.005
-0.004
-0.008
-0.009
-0.010
-0.008
-0.003
-0.006
-0.007
-0.005
-0.010
-0.008
-0.012
Ca
T~Mq~
-..
Na
Loop 2
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
1 1/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/9;
01/06/90
01/11/9c
01/13/90
01/20/90
01/25/90
01/27/90
02/01/90
02/03/93
02/08/92
02/10/92
02/17/92
02/24/92
03/01/92
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
35/12/93
35/17/93
35/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
36/02/93
06/07/93
36/09/93
06/14/93
36/23/93
06/28/93
36/30/93
37/07/93
37/12/93
Days
C
I
6
1"
10
1£
2(
25
27
32
3*
3£
41
46
4£
50
55
6C
62
6£
74
76
81
82
88
9C
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.13'
0.067
0.11-
0.152
0.186
0.20'
0.197
0.232
0.212
0.20'
0.05*
0.192
0.18"
0.16'
0.175
0.1 71
0.162
0.1 4£
0.135
0.1 5£
0.147
0.100
0.158
0.215
0.20E
0.194
0.186
0.201
0.04E
0.157
0.139
0.153
0.176
0.153
0.150
0.176
0.150
0.179
0.156
0.159
0.159
0.115
0.160
0.141
0.133
0.122
0.131
0.130
0.112
0.109
3.121
3.022
3.133
3.125
3.134
3.057
3.082
3.063
3.046
Pb
0.01 £
0.015
0.01'
0.006
0.00'
0.005
0.00'
0.00'
0.005
0.00'
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
-0.001
0.001
, o.ooc
o.ooc
0.001
?o.ooc
o.ooc
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.007
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
Zn
3.26£
3.085
3.06£
-0.002
-0.007
-0.007
-0.00'
-0.01 1
-0.005
-0.007
0.07-!
1.130
1.276
1.431
1.65*
1.57C
1.888
1.936
1.791
2.207
11.089
1.878
-0.007
-0.017
-O.OOS
-0.007
-0.015
-0.011
-O.OOS
-0.007
-0.010
-0.012
-0.011
-0.010
-0.010
-0.007
-0.006
-0.012
-0.001
-0.007
-0.006
-0.006
-0.006
-0.008
-0.003
-0.002
-0.007
-0.008
-0.005
-0.005
-0.010
-0.008
-0.005
-0.007
-0.008
-0.004
-0.010
-0.008
-0.011
Oa
Mq
Na
,
AH units in mg/L.
89
-------
r
Table B-3. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper soldered pipe loops,
phase I study.*
Loopl
. „. ._ _i
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93^
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
JW£25/93^
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
J2/29/93
I 01/03/94
01/05/94
^1/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
t.02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249 [
_251j
~~~25l>
_258j
263;
265*
270
272
277
_279t
28?
286
291
293
sobl
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
t_37!
njTT1
382
^384
389
391
396
L_3§§J
h~403]
405
410
412
417
i_419
424
i_J26
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
0.130
0.104
0.112
0.084
0.101
0.112
0.078
0.097
0.112
0.115
0.113
0.104
0.111
0.103
0.119
0.125
0.086
0.068
0.101
0.100
0.105
0.085
0.078
0.092
0.087
0.087
0.097
0.093
0.099
0.094
0.088
0.077
0.073
0.086
0.080
0.068
0:064
0.074
0.070
0.083
0.070
0.059
0.050
0.073
0.069
0.072
0.068
0.061
0.068
0.056
O.'OSS
0.064
0.061
0.05E
Pb
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.014
0.000
0.005
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
Zn
-0.011
-0.008
-0.007
-0.008
-0.009
-0.009
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.011
0.006
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.001
-0.002
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
Lo.ooo
-0.004
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.004
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.002
o.ooc
-0.002
0.001
Ca
24.1
23.4
25.5
25.8
26.0
24.0
25.7
26.0
26.4
26.3
25.9
25.2
26.4
23.7
24.6
23.4
22.6
24.6
22.9
24.3
25.1
26.2
25.5
25.4
25.2
25.5
24.8
24.8
24.7
23.7
23.8
24.8
24.2
24.8
23.4
23.7
23.2
25.2
25.1
23.4
23.8
24.9
24.b
24.8
25.2
25.4
26.9
2b.-4
Mg
22,6
21.9
23.3
23.7
23.7
22.7
23.0
22.3
24.2
24.4
23.1
22.7
24.1
23.0
23.8
23.4
23.3
23.5
23.9
23.8
23.9
24.0
22.5
23.1
23.4
24.0
23.6
23.9
24.2
22.2
22.1
23.1
23.6
24.1
22.8
22.6
21.9
23.7
23.6
22.7
22.7
24.1
23.b
22.2
23.b
23. /
23.8
22.E
Na
21.1
21.4
21.1
21.6
22.8
•23.0
25.8
22.7
26.1
24.9
27.6
27.4
26.0
23.b
26.3
2/.1
28.6
25.0
2/.2
25.8
28.1
2/.b
26.3
26.8
2/.9
30.8
32.0
27.8
31.2
26.0
2b.6
26.3
25.7
28.7
2b.9
26.4
26.2
25.4
24.8
25.7
24.8
27.3
25.5
24.8
28.0
26.5
26. /
26.9
Loop 2
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
3/5
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
41 /
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
462
454
461
468
Cu
0.109
0.088
0.085
0.051
0.091
0.107
0.067
0.071
0.092
0.101
0.096
0.081
0.093
0.087
0.102
0.108
0.071
0.060
0.090
0.100
0.093
0.077
0.066
0.075
0.073
0.074
0.085
0.085
0.093
0.085
0.074
0.068
0.062
0.080
0.069
0.062
0.056
0.065
0.068
0.073
0.064
0.052
0.047
0.061
0.049
0.086
0.074
0.062
0.069
0.056
0.058
0.066
0.066
0.054
Pb
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.007
0.009
0.009
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.066
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.002
0.003
0.005
Zn
-0.012
-0.006
-0.003
-0.006
-0.007
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
O.OOS
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.003
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.003
0.003
-0.002
0.002
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.002
0.001
-0.004
0.003
0.000
-0.001
0.002
0.000
-0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.017
-0.001
0.000
0.023
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.001
Ca
25.1
24.4
23.9
26.6
26.0
25.0
23.8
26.6
26.9
26. /
26.3
25.8
2b.2
26.3
24.6
26.8
23.4
22.6
24.8
22.6
24.4
25.2
25.3
26.9
26.8
25.4
26.4
24. /
26.0
26.0
23.9
23.8
24.4
23.6
24. /
23.4
24.0
23.2
26.6
25.4
23.8
23.9
23.3
24.4
24.9
24.9
26.5
26.2
26.0
Mg
23.5
22.9
22.2
23.1
23.7
23.3
22.8
22.8
22.0
24.0
24.6
22.8
22.5
24.2
23.6
23.8
23. /
22. /
23.4
23.8
23.8
24.2
24.1
22.9
23.3
23. /
24.1
23.2
24.3
23. /
22.6
21.9
22.9
23.4
24.U
22. /
23.3
22.1
23.9
24.1
22.8
22.6
22.2
23.6
22.4
22.9
23.9
23.9
22.4
Na
23.1
20.8
21.6
21.0
21.1
22.8
23.2
24.4
21.5
25.1
26.1
26.9
2fci.8
26.8
23.1
25.0
2/.4
21. 1
25.2
2A6
26.2
27.7
27.8
26.6
27.2
28.2
31.5
31.4
2A6
29.3
26.4
25.2
26.7
26.3
28.4
26.9
26.8
26.7
26. /
25.6
25.5
25.3
24.9
25.5
25.4
2/.0
25.8
26.4
26.1
All units in mg/L.
90
-------
Table B-3a. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper soldered pipe loops, phase
I study.*
Loop
Date
1/12/9
1/16/9
1/18/9
1/23/9
11/26/92
1 1/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Day
1
1
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
11
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.22
0.11
0.27
0.234
0.188
0.178
0.197
0.263
0.235
0.273
0.257
0.279
0.274
0.250
0.275
0.277
0.286
0.249
0.204
0.327
0.327
0.244
0.242
0.276
0.288
0.281
0.223
0.274
0.255
0.236
0.233
0.207
0.196
0.227
0.191
0.244
0.192
0.208
0.220
0.204
0.215
0.175
0.205
0.199
0.203
0.198
0.229
0.167
0.186
0.170
0.174
0.196
0.202
0.212
0.182
0.202
0.089
0.104
0.115
Pb
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo-
0.00'
0.002
0.00'
0.00
0.00
0.001
0.000
o.oo-
0.000
o.oo-
0.000
o.oo-
0.000
o.ooc
0.00'
0.000
o.oo-
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
o.ooc
0.000
0.001
o.ooc
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
Zn
0.00
-0.01
-0.01
-O.OOE
-O.OOE
-0.00'
-O.OOi
-0.01 •
-0.005
-0.007
-0.00!
0.011
-0.011
0.001
-0.007
-0.006
-0.01 C
-0.005
-0.007
-0.00£
-0.01'
-0.009
-0.016
-0.015
-0.01'
-0.00£
-0.01'
-0.011
-0.01^
-0.011
-0.01 1
-0.012
-0.011
-0.002
-0.012
-0.010
-O.OOE
-0.013
-0.008
-0.005
-0.008
-0.007
-0.005
-0.008
-0.008
-0.004
-0.007
-0.008
-0.008
-0.008
-0.013
-0.009
-0.006
0.007
0.007
0.050
0.002
0.011
0.009
Ca
TwT
I Na
Loop
Date
1/12/9
1/16/9
1/18/9
1/23/9
1/26/9
' 1/30/9
' 2/02/9
12/07/9
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/9;
01/06/9;
01/11/9;
01/13/9;
01/20/9;
01/25/9;
01/27/9;
02/01/9;
02/03/9;
02/08/9;
02/10/9;
02/17/9;
02/24/9;
03/01/9;
03/03/9;
03/08/9;
03/10/9;
03/15/9;
33/17/9;
33/22/9;
D3/24/9;
D3/29/9;
D4/05/9;
34/07/93
34/12/92
34/14/93
34/19/93
34/21/93
34/26/93
34/28/93
35/03/93
)5/05/93
35/10/93
35/12/93
)5/17/93
35/19/93
)5/24/93
)5/26/93
36/02/93
36/07/93
36/09/93
)6/14/93
)6/23/93
16/28/93
16/30/93
17/07/93
17/12/93
Day
1-
1;
1
2
25
27
32
3'
3!
4'
41
4!
5;
55
6C
6^
6£
V.
76
8'
8;
8E
9C
97
10'
10£
111
116
11£
12;
125
13C
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.50
0.13
0.28
0.21
0.19
0.20-
0.19^
0.227
0.222
0.25i
0.23:
0.22i
0.27'
0.22i
0.25I
0.86!
0.26;
0.27£
0.2&
0.29'
0.28E
0.232
0.21 £
0.257
0.27'
0.25£
0.1 7£
0.25£
0.222
0.22;
D.182
119;
3.18c
D.212
3.18E
3.224
3.15C
3.148
3.177
).181
).175
3.160
3.176
).199
3.181
).163
).208
3.149
3.185
3.172
3.180
3.151
3.186
3.193
3.153
I.087
i.076
L086
.075
Pb
0.07/
o.oo;
0.00'
0.00;
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
o.oo-
0.002
o.oo-
O.OOI
o.oo-
o.oo-
o.oo-
0.002
o.oo-
o.oo-
o.oo-
o.oo-
0.002
0.002
o.oo-
o.oo-
o.oo-
o.ooc
-0.001
0.001
0.001
o.ooc
0.001
o.ooc
0.001
0.001
o.ooc
o.ooc
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
D.001
0.001
0.001
Zn
0.17;
-0.00
0.00
-0.00
-0.00
-0.00
-0.00
-0.00
-0.00
-0.012
-0.012
-0.011
-0.01 C
-O.OOE
-O.OOi
0.11'
O.OOI
-o.oo;
-0.02'
-0.01'
-0.00£
-0.01'
-0.01'
-0.012
-0.012
-0.005
-O.OOE
-O.OOJ
-0.01 C
-O.OOf
-0.01 C
-0.01;
-0.00£
-0.01;
-0.01 C
-o.oos
-0.01 C
-0.011
-0.007
-0.006
-0.006
-0.007
-0.005
-0.008
-0.008
-0.006
0.003
0.005
0.008
0.009
0.012
0.005
0.004
0.007
0.010
0.029
0.004
0.012
0.008
o
M
Na
* All units in mg/L.
91
-------
Table B-3a. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper soldered pipe loops, phase
I study.*
Loo£jjj_Date
, 07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
' 07/26/93
07/28/93
f 08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
(J2gXsj_Cu_
244MX067
249
L_S§i
LJM
258
263
265
270
272
0.163
L2/J72
0.113
0.061
0.136
0.111
0.086
0.078
08/16/93 277
'08/18/93 279? 0.1 20
I 08/23/93
284
08/25/93l_286
08/30/93 291
09/01/92! 293
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
JK/20/93
169/22/9^
JKW2J[/93J
09/29/93
10/04/93
i 10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
_
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93,
11/15/93
11/17/93
ll1/22/93j
11/24/93
11/29/93
300
,305
'""SOT!
312
314
L319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
12/01/93 384
12/66/93! 389
12/08/931; 391
12/13/93; 396
1 12/15/93 398
! 12/20/93; 403
h2/22/93j 405
i12/27/934 410
12/29/93 412
i 01/03/94 417
? 01/05/94 ^19,
_[5l/10/94^ 424
01/12/94^ 426
I 01/24/94! 438
j 01/26/94 440
01/31/94 445
02/02/94
447
02/07/94 452
J2/09/94J
454i
j 02/16/94 461
t 02/23/94! 468
0.119
0.123
0.112
0.124
0.106
0.126
0.110
0.089
0.075
0.091
0.091
0.100
0.089
0.085
0.094
0.081
0.081
0.078
0.100
0.090
0.087
0.087
0.085
0.076
0.079
0.080
0.074
0.069
0.066
0.081
0.090
0.084
0.075
iLSZS
0.102]
Pb
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.002
-0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
.0.000
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.015
0.080 0.001
0.069 -0.001
0.092
0.067
0.065
0.068
0.070
_O06_4,
0.062
0.000
0.001
0.000
' 0.001
0.001
Zn
-0.011
-0.013
-0.007
-0.005
-0.007
-0.007
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.003
-0.002
0.001
0.006
0.002
0.000
0.006
0.004
0.004
JD.001
0.000
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.004
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
-0.004
0.001
0.000
Ca
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
•0.1
Mg
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Na
93.5
93.8
85.4
86.2
94.7
93.9
94.6
98.0
93.5
103.2
103.4
103.6
99.1
106.1
92.7
97.4
97.4
101.9
99.5
101.2
94.0
102.5
103.6
103.0
99.7
101.3
108.1
108.2
104.1
107.2
97.3
93.0
101.2
96.3
103.6
98.6
99.8
94.5
96.4
97.5
92.9
102.6
98.1
98.8
97.9
99.8
,
102.2
97.5
Loop 2 Date
,
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/01/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
41,7
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
0.078
0.140
0.130
0.092
0.071
0.110
0.092
0.083
0.078
0.095
0.106
0.114
0.097
0.114
0.106
0.122
0.105
0.083
0.077
0.084
0.095
0.099
0.089
0.084
0.090
0.089
0.084
0.098
0.102
0.099
0.099
0.087
0.086
0.077
0.087
0.085
0.078
0.077
0.077
0.078
0.088
0.078
0.072
0.070
0.073
0.057
0.108
0.054
0.047
0.080
0.053
0.050
0.062
0.055
Pb
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.013
0.005
0.016
0.007
0.012
0.006
0.004
0.003
-0.001
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
o.ooo
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.001
Zn
-0.011
-0.017
-0.006
-0.005
-0.007
-0.007
O.OQ5
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.002
-Q.OQ2
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.004
0.031
0.049
0.014
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.006
Ca
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Mq
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0,1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
Na
101.2
93.1
88.2
89.7
95.5
98.1
95.4
94.1
94.7
104.1
100.1
97.2
98.4
102.1
90.5
99.9
100.0
100.1
98.3
99.9
91.7
105.3
102.2
101.9
104.6
98.4
105.6
103.6
95.4
106.3
101.9
94.3
94.2
94.0
103.8
100.0
100.3
96.0
96.3
91.7
97.0
98.2
94.2
107.4
98.2
95.5
102.2
103.7
All units in mg/L.
92
-------
Table B-4. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of galvanized pipe loops, phase I
study.*
Loop '
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
1 23
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.040
0.019
0.048
-0.010
0.011
0.001
-0.003
0.011
-0.025
-0.005
0.032
0.039
0.050
0.031
0.025
0.015
0.015
0.019
0.003
0.033
0.023
0.019
0.003
0.010
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.004
-0.006
0.006
-0.003
0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.004
0.008
-0.002
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.006
0.006
0.007
-0.015
-0.001
-0.003
0.022
-0.003
0.005
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.003
Pb
0.01'
0.01
0.007
0.00'
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.006
0.002
0.005
0.003
o.oo;
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.00'
0.00'
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
Zn
11.05S
8.67
5.57.:
6.662
8.792
7.638
5.680
9.362
7.537
7.559
3.59I
7.611
20.571
6.441
18.53'
9.360
10.825
8.15C
6.912
12.877
9.397
7.710
7.57£
8.99C
7.895
9.22C
9.64'
9.505
12.345
5.446
9.351
9.426
8.98E
8.592
7.782
4.548
5.711
4.481
5.905
5.114
5.559
6.233
5.516
4.312
4.140
5.629
5.195
4.914
6.340
0.077
7.198
6.615
6.640
6.292
6.631
6.025
5.507
Ca
TW
.-B
T~Na~
Loop 2
*
Date
• 1/12/92
1/16/9
1/18/9
• 1/23/92
• 1/26/92
• 1/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/9;
01/06/9:
01/11/9;
01/13/9;
01/20/9;
01/25/9;
01/27/9;
02/01/9;
02/03/9;
02/08/9;
02/10/9;
02/17/9;
02/24/9;
03/01/9;
03/03/9;
03/08/9;
Q3/10/9;
03/15/9;
D3/17/93
33/22/92
33/24/93
D3/29/93
34/05/93
34/07/93
34/12/93
34/14/93
34/19/93
34/21/93
34/26/93
)4/28/93
)5/03/93
)5/05/93
35/10/93
55/12/93
35/17/93
35/19/93
35/24/93
35/26/93
36/02/93
36/07/93
36/09/93
36/14/93
36/23/93
36/28/93
36/30/93
37/07/93
37/12/93
Day
i
1-
1;
1i
2i
25
27
32
3'
3!
4"
4h
4£
5;
55
6C
62
6£
H
76
81
8;
8£
9C
97
1(V
-KW-
111
11H
11^
123
125
m<:
1W
VA'f
144
146
1H1
153
1hH
160
165
1H7
172
174
1/9
in
186
188
1HU
195
202
•AM
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.03
0.01
0.07;
-0.01
0.00
o.oo-
-0.00;
0.01;
0.00'
0.01-
0.032
0.03!
0.052
0.03'
0.05I
0.03;
0.04!
0.04C
0.027
0.057
0.045
0.032
0.005
0.01E
-0.00'
-0.00'
0.001
0.001
-0.00'
-0,001
-0.005
0.00£
0.002
-0.012
-0.00£
O.OOC
-0.012
0.004
O.OOS
-0.002
-0.004
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.006
0.007
0.012
0.002
-0.008
-0.004
0.005
0.005
-0.001
0.004
0.001
0.007
Pb
0.01;
0.00
0.01'
0.00;
0.00'
0.00'
0.002
o.oo;
0.00
0.00;
o.oo:
0.00'
0.002
0.00'
0.007
0.00'
0.00;
o.oo:
0.002
0.002
o.oo;
o.oo;
0.00'
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
-0.001
O.OOC
0.002
O.OOC
0.001
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
Zn
12.05
6.92'
20.562
5.34E
8.55'
5.131
3.83'
6.33:
8.34<
6.872
5.081
6.482
3.682
11.55;
16.19'
11.16;
7.74C
10.756
4.74J
15.482
14.31C
8.197
7.36;
7.326
6.892
7.195
5.97;
6.582
9.52;
14.961
5.567
5.211
4.79C
4.648
3.714
3.24C
2.674
2.647
2.905
2.645
2.388
3.143
2 734
2.163
2.356
2.861
2.309
3.388
2.833
0.177
2.951
2.626
2.599
3.016
2.849
2.618
1.936
Oa
MO
Na
All units in mg/L.
93
-------
Table B-4. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of galvanized pipe loops, phase I
study.*
Loop ^'
Date Days < Cu
07/14/93 244 i -0.004
« 07/19/93
1
249 0.001
07/21/93'251
i 07/26/93 256
*~07/28/93 258
! 08/02/93
263
! 08/04/93 265
08/09/93 270
08/11/93
08/16/93
JM3/18/93,
08/23/93
08/25/93
'08/30/93!
^9/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
t 09/27/931
09/29/93
i 10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
1 10/20^
1 10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
H 1/1 7/93
_JM/22#3
11/24/93
_LH/29/93
i 12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
L_?J£
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
•""375
377
382
384
389
391
12/13/93 396
i 12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
— —
12/27/93
J2/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
i 01/1 0/94
01/12/94
1)1/24/94
01/26/94
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
_IO003|
-0.023
-0.001
Pb
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001 0.001
-0.001 0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.007
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.003
-0.005
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
_ooo3.
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.004
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.001
0.001
424 0.001
426 0.001
438 -0.001
440
01/31/94 445
02/02/94 447
02/07/94 452
02/09/94 454
02/16/94
02/23/94
461
468
o.ooc
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.003
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.003
0.001
o.ooc
0.001
o.ooc
0.001
-0.002 0.001
0.002'
0.000
0.002
0.003
o.ooc
0.001
o.ooc
Zn
6.178
5.863
5.506
5.274
5.127
5.050
4.135
5.069
5.189
5.329
5.218
5.461
5.277
5.212
3.871
4.035
4.279
4.075
4.320
4.481
3.595
7.743
4.919
4.233
3.787
4.350
4.009
4.223
3.872
3.813
4.348
4.432
4.345
3.646
3.790
3.707
3.918
3.910
3.49C
3.570
3.644
3.843
3.934
3.370
3.224
3.049
3.22E
2.55C
3.277
2.768
2.989
2.302
3.55£
2.521
Ca
25.2
24.3
24.1
25.6
25.8
25.6
23.9
25.9
26.0
26.7
26.3
25.7
25.0
26.6
24.2
25.8
23.0
22.7
24. /
22.7
24.2
25.3
26.3
25.8
26.0
25.1
25.7
24.5
24./
24.8
23.6
24.0
24.5
24.4
24.7
23.4
24.1
23.4
24.9
25.2
23.9
23.9
25.0
24.7
24.3
26.1
25.4
26.2
25.5
Mg
23.3
23.2
22.2
22.8
23.8
23.5
22.4
22.9
22.3
23.9
24.3
22.6
22.7
23.9
23.1
23.8
23.4
23.3
23.4
23.1
23.9
23. /
24.0
22.9
23.4
23. /
23.9
24.0
23.5
24.1
22.1
22.1
22.6
23.8
23.9
22.8
22.9
21.8
23.5
23.5
22. /
22.2
24.1
23.6
22.3
23.0
23.6
23.8
22. /
Na
22.6
21.7
21.6
20.2
22.4
23.1
23.2
25.1
22.9
25.6
24.4
26.8
27.6
26.3
23.1
25.0
28.6
28.4
26.0
26.9
26.6
27.2
2/.8
26.1
27.4
28.3
31.2
34.0
2/.3
31.3
26.3
26.8
26.9
26.5
28.6
26.2
2/.0
26.1
26.6
24.5
26.6
24.3
2/.1
26.8
26.6
2/.3
26.4
26.6
26.1
Loop 2
f
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08(93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
2/2
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
-0.015
-0.001
-0.012
-0.016
0.012
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.002
-0.005
0.001
-0.001
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.039
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.002
Pb
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.004
0.000
0.005
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.015
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
Zn
3.008
2.071
2.101
1.639
1.791
1.503
1.744
1.570
2.102
2.583
1.745
1.820
2.702
1.850
1.415
1.472
1.696
1.525
1.674
1.613
1.457
1.983
2.211
1.975
1.676
2.054
1.731
1.876
1.918
1.928
2.344
2.294
2.404
1.686
1.949
1.874
2.029
2.393
1.933
1.625
2.077
1.787
1.785
1.229
1.899
1.197
1.414
1.046
0.056
1.236
1.690
1.095
0.735
1.089
Ca
25.3
24.3
24.3
26. /
25.9
25. /
23.8
26.0
25.9
26.8
26.0
26. /
26.1
26.4
24.0
25.8
23.1
22.4
24.5
22. /
24.3
26.3
26.2
26.0
26.6
25.8
26.6
24.9
24.8
26.2
24.1
24.0
24.3
23.8
24.9
23.6
24.3
23.4
26.1
24.5
23.8
24.1
23.9
7/.1
24.6
24.b
25.0
26.2
26.2
Mg
23.0
23.1
22.3
23.4
23. /
23.5
22.5
23.0
22.3
24.U
24.0
22.8
22.6
23.9
22.8
23.6
23.8
22. /
23.6
23.4
23.6
24.0
24.0
22.1
23.0
24.1
24.0
23.1
23.9
23.9
22.5
22.2
22.5
23.3
24.0
23.0
23.3
22.2
23.9
22.8
22. /
22.6
23.U
26.0
23.5
22.U
23.3
23.6
24.1
Na
22.2
21.9
21.5
21.6
21.1
22.6
23. /
24.9
21.7
24.8
24.1
2/.5
26.7
26.2
21.9
26.3
28.1
27.9
26.1
26. /
25.4
2/.1
27.9
25.0
26.4
29.3
31.5
31.0
27.6
29.6
26.3
25.6
26.2
25. /
28.5
26.3
27.0
26. /
25.2
23.3
26.6
25.0
24.7
24.9
26.5
24.9
27.9
26.4
27.0
All units in mg/L.
94
-------
Table B-4a. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of galvanized pipe loops, phase I
study.*
Loop 1
^
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.008
-0.005
-0.004
-0.002
-0.01 1
0.001
-0.003
-0.009
0.009
-0.005
-0.004
-0.004
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.011
0.011
-0.003
-0.011
0.013
-0.011
0.000
0.007
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.010
-0.001
-0.016
0.013
0.000
-0.014
0.003
0.000
-0.004
-0.003
-0.002
-0.013
0.003
0.004
0.009
-0.001
0.001
0.009
-0.002
-0.004
0.004
-0.007
0.007
-0.003
0.008
-0.056
-0.014
-0.013
0.005
Pb
0.014
0.015
0.023
0.004
0.003
0.013
0.006
0.005
0.010
0.006
0.001
0.001
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.010
0.013
0.012
0.005
0.009
0.021
0.011
0.014
0.012
0.027
0.013
0.004
0.004
0.008
0.006
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.004
0.008
0.005
0.003
0.007
0.003
0.008
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.001
0.002
0.006
0.002
0.004
0.001
0.004
0.006
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.007
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.003
Zn
14.640
14.513
29.026
7.371
7.227
5.222
9.979
11.845
11.989
10.197
5.704
8.931
13.980
10.294
17.848
20.390
21.722
23.004
10.236
18.900
27.325
18.927
25.259
21.867
43.970
20.361
17.927
13.274
17.403
11.661
12.425
12.290
11.510
13.313
12.331
9.133
10.426
5.346
9.075
9.515
8.334
9.012
6.644
6.227
6.884
5.022
7.380
5.179
6.221
9.383
7.879
6.777
9.277
6.038
8.591
7.687
5.909
Ca
Mg
•"
Na
Loop 2
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
"11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/14/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.004
-0.005
-0.004
-0.004
0.005
0.001
-0.003
-0.009
-0.001
-0.005
-0.004
0.004
0.009
0.000
0.000
0.012
-0.009
-0.002
0.009
0.000
-0.015
0.002
0.010
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
-0.007
-0.004
-0.008
-0.002
0.005
0.000
-0.015
0,003
0.000
0.004
0.005
-0.002
0.000
0.003
0.004
0.001
0:006
-0.005
0.009
0.008
-0.005
0.000
0.000
-0.003
-0.003
0.004
0.089
-0.008
-0.012
-0.001
Pb
0.024
0.014
0.029
0.006
0.009
0.007
0.003
0.010
0.005
0.007
0.009
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.007
0.004
0.008
0.017
0.006
0.012
0.003
0.007
0.008
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.002
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.004
Zn
12.385
8.348
16.928
7.694
9.559
8.847
5.470
7.687
9.035
9.796
10.723
9.081
8.874
9.078
11.128
13.679
12.717
15.655
11.661
16.534
21.584
12.564
17.707
11.895
16.213
15.451
14.587
13.544
9.966
11.724
12.776
14.067
10.903
11.173
12.308
9.870
8.363
7.210
7.295
8.363
7.806
7.301
8.078
7.517
7.224
6.010
8.171
5.799
7.238
10.289
9.598
8.268
9.539
7.431
9.838
9.870
8.046
Ca
Mq
Na
* All units in mg/L.
95
-------
Table B-4a. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of galvanized pipe loops, phase I
study.*
Loop 1 ! Date
I 07/14/93
; 07/19/93
! 07/21/93
5 07/26/93
07/28/93
[ 08/02/93
j 08/04/93
08/09/93
f 08/1 1/93
i 08/16/93
_4J8/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
' 10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
tizraz/is1
12/06/93
' 12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93,
12/22/93
12/27/93
5 12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
' 01/10/94
01/12/94
.Days
244
249
251
^"256
258
i_263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
1_J3°Z
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
Cu
0.009
-0.022
0.003
-0.022
-0.008
-0.005
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.005
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
LJ.OOO
^0.003
0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.001
0.003
0.000
382 -0.001
384 0.000
389 0.002
391
396
398
"4031
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
0=005
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.000
01/24/94 1 438 0.004
01/26/94 440- 0.000
01/31/94 445; 0.002
, 02/02/94i 447 0.001
02/07/94! 452 0.002
; 02/09/94 1 454
, 02/16/94
: 02/23/94
461
468
0.000
0.001
Pb
0.002
0.005
0.002
0.004
0.002
0.008
0.002
0.005
0.001
0.005
0.008
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.007
0.005
0.002
0.006
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.004
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.004
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.012
0.004
0.034
0.007
0.009
0.013
0.003
0.001
Zn
4.985
6.565
5.164
6.353
4.596
7.354
4.521
6.676
4.155
6.209
8.028
4.282
4.498
5.878
6.342
4.847
3.450
6.090
4.600
4.350
3.868
4.614
4.536
5.909
5.280
3.884
5.458
4.647
5.446
5.089
3.651
4.918
4,074
4.731
3.524
4.690
3.778
4.761
3.627
4.443
3.381
4.676
3.850
4.964
4.162
6.211
3.877
13.195
5.488
6.982
7.156
4.629
2.843
7.019
Ca
U.U
U.U
0.0
U.U
0.0
0.1
U.U
U.U
U.U
U.O
0.1
o.u
U.U
U.U
U.O
U.1
0.0
U.U
U.O
0.0
U.U
U.U
U.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
U.1
U.O
o.u
U.1
0.1
0.0
U.U
0.0
0.0
0.0
o.u
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Me
U.U
o.u
o.u
U.U
o.u
U.U
U.U
U.U
U.O
0.0
U.U
U.U
0.0
0.0
o.u
0.1
U.U
0.1
0.0
U.U
U.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
U.U
U.1
U.1
0.0
U.U
U.U
0.0
0.0
U.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Na
95.6
92.3
84.2
87.5
92.8
95.3
94.1
97.0
96.4
102.1
103.4
105.6
98.5
107.9
91.1
98.7
101.5
96.7
100.9
105.1
95.0
101.9
103.8
102.1
102.5
96.4
110.5
101.1
98.7
107.2
93.3
99.4
102.3
99.4
105.9
99.0
100.7
96.3
95.9
93.3
97.6
98.6
94.6
103.7
97.6
96.2
100.6
102.8
Loop 2
Date
07/14/9;
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/9;
07/28/9;
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/92
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
24*
249
251
256
25£
263
265
27C
272
277
27£
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
O.OOC
-0.005
-0.002
-0.01 £
-0.00£
-0.01 1
0.001
O.OOC
O.OOC
O.OOC
0.002
O.OOC
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.002
-0.002
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.029
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
Pb
0.002
0.006
o.oo;
0.007
o.oo;
0.008
o.oo;
0.006
0.004
0.006
0.006
0.001
0.002
0.012
0.008
0.008
0.003
0.008
0.005
0.004
0.001
0.005
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.001
0.005
0.002
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.006
0.002
0.004
0.003
0.007
0.002
0.008
0.001
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.001
0.005
0.002
0.020
0.002
0.047
0.007
0.020
0.016
0.008
0.001
0.008
Zn
6.178
8.399
6.874
8.59E
6.012
8.534
6.230
7.585
6.262
7.341
8.019
6.378
6.260
13.808
8.096
6.243
4.925
7.767
6.357
5.798
5.767
6.297
9.924
7.992
7.655
5.772
7.082
6.256
6.936
7.567
5.804
7.008
6.408
6.927
5.613
7.843
5.303
6.938
5.535
7.127
6.717
7.070
5.743
7.284
5.746
11.434
5.569
21.545
7.051
0.117
12.200
7.261
5.517
7.937
Ca
on
00
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
75.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Mq
m
nn
0,0
0,0
0.0
0,1
0.0
00
0.0
0,1
0.0
00
0.0
0.0
0,1
0.1
0.0
0.1
01
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
00
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
26.7
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
Na
96.2
•91.2
91.3
89.1
93.4
94.2
92.6
95.7
93.1
101.6
102.8
98.0
100.0
97.0
96.3
99.3
100.6
105.1
97.8
100.5
94.7
104.4
102.7
105.7
106.1
99.6
103.4
106.9
105.3
103.2
102.5
92.8
96.7
98.6
104.6
99.6
100.0
95.5
96.0
87.1
95.9
97.9
94.3
26.0
105.2
97.8
96.3
103.0
All units in mg/L.
96
-------
Table B-5. Results of analyses of non-softened water samples of facuets, phase I study.*
Loop 1
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/09/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.035
0.011
0.021
-0.004
0.010
0.001
0.019
0.013
0.028
0.019
0.025
0.017
0.030
0.016
0.025
0.009
0.041
0.019
0.029
0.037
0.005
0.038
0.018
0.021
0.020
0.020
0.024
0.009
0.016
0.025
0.008
0.017
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.020
0.007
0.011
0.026
0.017
0.008
0.003
0.025
0.023
0.023
0.006
0.007
0.026
0.000
0.001
0.016
0.020
0.020
0.018
0.011
0.018
0.008
Pb
0.023
0.019
0.014
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.000
0.008
0.006
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.007
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.000
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
Zn
1.619
1.233
1.033
0.019
0.013
0.010
0.014
-0.009
0.022
0.015
0.689
0.990
1.226
1.067
1.338
1.327
1.451
1.584
1.487
1.093
1.349
0.893
0.056
-0.006
0.010
0.029
-0.005
0.003
0.018
0.013
0.001
-0.005
-0.001
0.009
0.000
0.009
0.001
-0.003
0.022
0.003
0.012
0.002
0.010
0.009
0.012
0.001
0.007
0.007
0.006
-0.003
0.004
-0.007
0.005
0.013
0.003
0.014
-0.002
0.006
-0.005
(Ja
mcj
Na
f
Loop 2
•3
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/09/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.011
0.011
0.015
-0.004
0.011
0.001
0.019
0.013
0.029
0.019
0.017
0.017
0.023
0.025
0.350
0.033
0.042
0.019
0.289
0.037
-0.001
0.038
0.005
0.021
0.020
0.020
0.024
0.016
0.003
0.018
0.002
0.032
0.008
0.008
0.026
0.020
0.021
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.018
0.003
0.018
0.016
.0.023
0.007
0.030
0.026
0.006
0.002
0.016
0.015
0.027
0.021'
0.015
0.018
0.011
0.018
0.011
Pb
0.019
0.018
0.016
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.001
0.009
0.008
0.009
0.008
0.014
0.008
0.028
0.007
0.008
0.004
0.019
0.008
0.006
0.008
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.001
0.004
0.005
0.004
,0.005
0.003
0.004
0.005
Zn
1.727
1.418
1.955
0.019
0.037
0.021
0.010
-0:01 1
0.006
0.008
0.668
0.924
1.409
0.831
1.414
1.146
1.317
1.267
1.146
1.190
1.401
0.910
0.007
-0.005
0.002
0.001
-0.010
-0.004
-0.002
0.000
-0.002
-0.003
-0.005
-0.003
-0.007
0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.008
0.003
0.003
0.008
0.008
-0.001
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.000
-0.004
0.004
-0.007
-0.002
-0.002
-0.002
0.003
-0.009
0.000
-0.001
Ca
Mq
Na
All units in mg/L.
97
-------
Table B-5. Results of analyses of non-softened water samples of facuets, phase I study.*
LOO£j_
1
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
,08/16/93
'08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06793
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94,
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
261
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
32S
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
454
461
468
Cu
-0.007
0.012
0.020
0.004
0.021
0.024
0.000
0.013
0.010
0.013
0.019
0.016
0.010
0.014
0.014
0.016
0.011
0.017
0.011
0.007
0.013
0.023
0.011
0.013
0.013
0.011
0.017
0.025
0.015
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.013
0.015
0.012
0.022
0.011
0.014
0.017
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.011
0.015
0.011
0.013
0.034
0.026
0.013
0.010
0.015
0.012
0.013
0.011
Pb
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.005
0.001
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.008
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
L0.003
0.002
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.005
0.002
0.003
0.011
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
Zn
-0.007
0.015
0.005
0.004
0.007
0.119
0.006
0.019
0.014
0.017
0.025
0.020
0.019
0.020
0.019
0.017
0.012
0.016
0.006
0.011
0.014
0.021
0.012
0.013
0.025
0.011
0.026
0.050
0.012
0.016
0.014
0.016
0.012
0.014
0.013
0.019
0.012
0.017
0.008
0.013
0.016
0.010
0.011
0.016
0.010
0.012
0.032
0.012
0.011
0.008
0.018
0.016
0.008
0.008
Ca
25.2
24.5
24.3
25.6
25.8
26.0
24.0
25.9
26.1
26.9
26.8
25.6
24.5
26.5
24.9
25.7
23.3
22.6
24.7
21.8
24.2
26.2
25.2
26.0
26.2
24.6
25.5
24.7
25.7
25.1
23.8
23.8
23.5
23.5
24.7
23.5
24.2
23.3
26.0
24.6
23.8
24.0
23.8
24.6
24.6
25.4
25.1
25.1
25.5
mg
23.2
23.0
22.2
23.1
23.5
23.7
22.7
22.8
22.4
23.7
24.3
22.8
22.4
24.0
24.0
23.7
23.5
22.7
23.8
22.6
23.5
24.3
24.0
22.8
23,6
23.6
24.1
22.9
24.8
24.1
22.1
22.2
21.9
23.3
23.8
23.6
23.5
22.4
23.7
23.0
22.6
22.6
22.7
23.6
22.4
23.1
23.7
23.5
23.0
Na
22.6
21.0
21.2
21.5
21.1
22.9
23.6
24.2
22.3
24.1
23.4
28.0
26.6
25.8
23.6
25.5
27.3
27.9
26.0
25.9
25.6
27.6
27.7
25.7
27.1
28.6
31.2
30.5
28.6
29.8
25.6
26.0
25.2
26.1
27.7
28.1
27.1
27.1
24.8
23.5
25.1
24.9
24.1
25.7
25.4
26.9
25.6
26.0
25.9
Loop 2
Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
08/04/93
08/09/93
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
249
251
256
258
263
265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
447
452
.454
461
468
Cu
-0.006
0.020
0.007
-0.016
0.007
0.014
0.001
0.008
0.008
0.013
0.010
0.017
0.008
0.012
0.011
0.009
0.010
0.007
0.012
0.005
0.011
0.011
0.009
0.011
0.011
0.009
0.014
0,015
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.013
0.026
0.012
0.011
0.012
0.015
0.010
0.010
0.016
0.022
0.010
0.012
0.094
0.059
0.025
0.020
0.076
0.015
0.014
0.014
Pb
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.018
0.001
0.008
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0,003
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.029
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.003
Zn
0.000
0.001
0.001
-0.004
-0.002
0.013
0.006
0.009
0.011
0.011
0.014
0.011
0.007
0.007
0.010
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.010
0.005
, 0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.010
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.001
0.047
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.010
0.005
0.021
0.153
0.010
0.007
0.006
0.011
0.003
0.004
0.007
Ca
25.2
24.5
24.3
25.6
26.0
25.9
23.8
25.7
25.9
26.7
26.7
25.8
22.3
26.2
25.0
25.8
23.0
22.6
24.6
23.2
23.8
26.2
25.1
26.0
26.1
24.8
25.5
24.8
25.6
25.3
23.7
23.9
24.1
23.8
24.8
23.2
24.1
23.4
26.3
24.6
23.9
24.0
23.9
24.7
24.4
25.4
25.4
25.1
25.0
Mq
23.2
23.0
22.2
22.9
23.5
23.6
22.8
23.2
22.5
23.7
23.9
22.9
20.7
24.2
23.8
23.8
23.1
22.8
23.6
24.1
23.1
24.0
24.3
23.3
23.4
23.7
24.2
23.1
24.9
23.7
21.6
22.3
22.5
23.5
23.9
23.1
23.5
22.1
23.7
22.9
22.8
22.8
22.9
23.8
22.3
23.0
24.1
23.7
23.1
Na
22.3
21.2
21.1
20.8
20.7
22.9
24.1
25.0
22.5
24.3
23.8
27.2
25.8
26.1
23.3
25.2
26.5
28-3
26.0
27.9
25.1
26.7
28.3
26.5
26.9
28.6
31.9
30.9
28.7
29.0
24.8
26.3
25.8
25.9
27.9
26.5
27.4
26.4
24.7
23.8
25.4
25.3
24.3
25.8
25.6
26.7
26.3
26.3
26.7
AH units in mg/L.
98
-------
Tables B-5a. Results of analyses of softened water samples of faucets, phase I study.*
Loop 1
Date
11/12/92
11/16/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
1 1/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/09/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.027
0.019
0.016
0.017
0.013
0.016
0.019
0.298
0.015
0.019
0.017
0.026
0.024
0.025
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.022
0.030
0.021
0.008
0.021
0.031
0.021
0.020
0.020
0.024
0.005
0.028
0.018
0.025
0.033
0.020
0.019
0.023
0.020
0.004
0.056
0.006
0.017
0.003
0.027
0.023
0.013
0.025
0.030
0.014
0.017
0.008
0.021
0.018
0.020
0.020
0.010
0.009
0.018
0.015
0.018
Pb
0.037
0.039
0.015
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.008
0.014
0.006
0.006
0.012
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.009
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.009
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.007
0.012
0.008
0.005
0.007
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.010
0.006
0.005
0.010
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.008
0.007
0.008
Zn
0.018
0.006
0.011
0.012
0.021
0.014
0.011
0.170
0.011
0.003
0.014
0.013
0.012
0.022
0.019
0.015
0.023
0.025
0.013
0.040
0.032
0.044
0.016
0.034
0.022
0.021
0.015
0.013
0.209
0.044
0.018
0.033
0.022
0.036
0.020
0.051
0.017
0.015
0.040
0.017
0.028
0.012
0.037
0.016
0.017
0.009
0.015
0.003
0.011
0.012
0.009
0.017
0.019
0.018
0.013
0.019
0.133
0.012
0.098
Ca
Mg
Na
Loop 2
Date
11/12/92
J 1/1 6/92
11/18/92
11/23/92
11/26/92
11/30/92
12/02/92
12/07/92
12/09/92
12/14/92
12/16/92
12/21/92
12/23/92
12/28/92
12/30/92
01/04/93
01/06/93
01/11/93
01/13/93
01/20/93
01/25/93
01/27/93
02/01/93
02/03/93
02/08/93
02/10/93
02/17/93
02/24/93
03/01/93
03/03/93
03/08/93
03/10/93
03/15/93
03/17/93
03/22/93
03/24/93
03/29/93
04/05/93
04/07/93
04/12/93
04/14/93
04/19/93
04/21/93
04/26/93
04/28/93
05/03/93
05/05/93
05/10/93
05/12/93
05/17/93
05/19/93
05/24/93
05/26/93
06/02/93
06/07/93
06/09/93
06/09/93
06/23/93
06/28/93
06/30/93
07/07/93
07/12/93
Days
0
4
6
11
13
18
20
25
27
32
34
39
-41
46
48
53
55
60
62
69
74
76
81
83
88
90
. 97
104
109
111
116
118
123
125
130
132
137
144
146
151
153
158
160
165
167
172
174
179
171
186
188
193
195
202
207
209
214
223
228
230
237
242
Cu
0.003
-0.005
0.016
0.017
0.013
0.016
0.019
-0.009
0.016
0.019
.0.017
0.027
0.009
0.008
0.000
0.013
0.009
0.015
0.031
0.021
0.009
0.041
0.025
0.021
0.020
0.020
0.001
0.004
0.003
0.012
0.016
0.012
0.020
0.005
0.023
0.020
0.004
0.020
-0.002
0.018
0.010
0.027
0.016
0.013
0.011
0.030
0.028
0.016
0.021
0.021
0.018
0.012
0.020
0.010
0.022
0.012
0.008
0.017
Pb
0.021
0.024
0.018
0.015
0.020
0.011
0.012
0.010
0.008
0.009
0.006
0.009
0.010
0.008
0.009
0.008
0.009
0.013
0.009
0.009
0.008
0.014
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.004
0.009
0.010
0.009
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.010
0.010
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.011
Zn
0.010
0.003
0.014
0.015
0.123
0.008
0.015
0.009
0.013
0.008
0.004
0.011
0.036
0.009
0.012
0.018
0.015
0.033
0.013
0.010
0.015
0.150
-0.002
-0.002
0.008
0.069
0.010
0.031
0.008
0.008
0.004
0.002
0.005
0.010
0.005
0.009
0.008
0.011
0.022
0.007
0.010
0.029
0.014
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.587
0.011
0.011
0.007
0.010
0.015
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.059
-0.004
0.338
Ca
Mg
Na
* All units in mg/L.
99
-------
Tables B-5a. Results of analyses of softened water samples of faucets, phase I study.*
Jt°2Ei
~ j
: Date
07/14/93
07/19/93
07/21/93
07/26/93
07/28/93
08/02/93
J>8/g4«3
08/09/93
08/11/93
I 08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
1 10/1 3/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
244
J_249
251
256
258
263
t~~265
270
272
277
279
284
286
291
293
300
305
307
312
314
319
321
326
328
335
340
342
347
361
363
368
370
375
377
382
384
389
•391
396
398
403
405
410
412
417
419
424
426
438
440
445
'447
452
454
461
468
Cu
0.013
0.003
0.030
-0.004
0.001
0.010
0.018
0.013
0.012
0.018
0.019
0.019
0.022
0.019
0.017
0.020
0.015
0.014
0.016
0.014
0.016
0.017
0.014
0.015
0.017
0.018
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.013
0.017
0.017
0.018
0.015
0.017
0.018
0.017
0.014
0.016
0.017
0.017
0.016
0.015
0.014
0.016
0.011
0.016
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.011
0.013
0.023
0.012
Pb
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.006
0.008
0.003
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.007
0.004
0.007
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.006
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.007
•
Zn
0.004
0.002
0.015
0.015
0.006
0.012
0.020
0.018
0.018
0.021
0.022
0.021
0.204
0.028
0.021
0.020
0.016
0.014
0.080
0.013
0.013
0.016
0.023
0.022
0.020
0.020
0.019
0.023
0.018
0.026
0.015
0.015
0.021
0.017
0.017
0.017
0.015
0.016
0.015
0.013
0.016
0.014
0.016
0.013
0.015
0.016
0.012
0.015
0.013
0.015
0.010
0.011
0.246
0.020
Ua
0.1
U.O
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
o.o
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Me
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
Na
100.9
93.0
93.3
92.5
94.1
98.8
93.1
98:2
101.2
114.1
107.1
95.4
112.8
108.9
94.8
106.7
112.3
116.1
99.3
115.9
114.3
102.8
103.6
103.9
113.8
107.2
103.4
103.3
116.9
109.6
101.8
89.0
108.8
106.8
102.2
100.4
109.3
105.8
98.0
96.8
102.2
105.4
100.0
111.6
95.8
95.0
109.7
102.8
Loop 2
Date
07/14/93
07/19/9;
07/21/93
07/26/9;
07/28/93
08/02/9;
08/04/93
08/09/9;
08/11/93
08/16/93
08/18/93
08/23/93
08/25/93
08/30/93
09/01/93
09/08/93
09/13/93
09/15/93
09/20/93
09/22/93
09/27/93
09/29/93
10/04/93
10/06/93
10/13/93
10/18/93
10/20/93
10/25/93
11/08/93
11/10/93
11/15/93
11/17/93
11/22/93
11/24/93
11/29/93
12/02/93
12/06/93
12/08/93
12/13/93
12/15/93
12/20/93
12/22/93
12/27/93
12/29/93
01/03/94
01/05/94
01/10/94
01/12/94
01/24/94
01/26/94
01/31/94
02/02/94
02/07/94
02/09/94
02/16/94
02/23/94
Days
24^
24£
251
256
258
26;
265
27C
272
277
279
28
-------
Appendix C
101
-------
Table C-l. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops, phase II
study.*
Loop 1 i Date
tlT/23/94
! 11/29/94
(12/02/94j
j 12/06/941
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
< 12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
' 01/13/95
j 01/18/95
! 01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
, 03/08/95
i 03/14/95
j 03/16/95
r 03/21/95
I 03/23/95
03/28/95
! 03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
! 04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
J5/16/9S
j 05/18/95
! 05/23/95
I 05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
S 06/08/95
i 06/13/95
* 06/15/95
; 06/20/95
,06/22/95
, 06/27/95
J_06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
,07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
•1
7
10
14
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
L_72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175j
177
182
189
191
196
!__IM
t— 203
L_22§
L 21°
212
217
219
226
"231
233
t 238
Cu
0.006
0.001
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
,0.005
0.007
0.001
0.006
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.005
0.000
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.008
TOJol
0.007
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
,0.004
10.005
Pb
1.057
0.620
0.996
0.941
0.874
0.570
0.558
0.696
0.560
0.521
0.577
0.573
0.753
0.814
0.803
0.893
0.818
0.817
0.831
0.763
0.780
0.842
0.795
0.838
0.823
0.900
0.921
0.859
0.774
0.835
0.682
0.544
0.728
0.682
0.803
0.758
0.484
0.467
0.504
0.632
0.516
0.561
0.172
0.528
0.483
0.501
0.506
0.504
0.666
0.636
J).719
^6.691
0.616
0.628
0.681
0.620
0.627
0.569
0.598
0.585
0.642
0.594
ZN
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.000
-0.001
0.011
0.010
0.003
-0.005
-0.002
0.002
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.005
-0.002
-0.003
-0.004
-0.004
-0.005
-0.001
0.003
0.000
-0.004
0.000
-0.003
-0.001
-0.001
0.005
0.002
0.001
-0.001
-0.003
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.005
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.002
-0.002
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
Ca
86.0
74.6
80.1
70.5
65.2
64.4
62.3
70.8
62.3
68.6
70.8
63.5
69.3
78.7
80.5
82.1
80.5
76.3
82.9
69.6
73.1
81.8
82.5
84.1
84.4
99.5
92.9
86.8
80.9
83.4
81.5
66.8
87.1
84.7
97.4
92.5
82.3
78.0
76.4
87.7
80.3
81.1
81.6
80.7
82.9
78.6
74.4
79.8
89.5
86.6
93.6
89.6
78.7
88.1
86.6
81.9
89.9
83.1
78.9
78.6
82.9
78.6
Mg
24.8
21.3
22.0
19.9
18.7
20.2
19.5
21.7
19.9
22.0
21.8
19.8
20.2
22.2
24.3
24.2
25.0
22.5
23.4
21.5
21.3
23.9
23.7
25.1
25.9
27.9
26.6
25.2
23.2
23.4
22.9
20.1
24.1
24.1
26.1
26.1
26.6
24.5
23.6
24.8
24.8
23.7
24.7
24.4
24.2
22.6
22.2
22.9
24.6
24.6
25.0
23.2
22.1
24.7
23.9
23.6
24.2
23.5
22.3
21.1
23.4
23.0
Na
42.9
37.7
39.4
44.1
38.0
38.8
37.0
40.0
38.0
41.4
39.5
33.5
36.5
37.3
41.1
42.2
41.0
31.6
35.4
38.1
39.5
45.5
40.9
48.3
49.1
44.1
49.4
48.7
47.5
47.9
51.7
37.8
43.0
41.2
42.0
48.3
43.2
40.5
36.8
40.8
36.3
42.9
44.9
40.2
38.4
35.7
34.4
41.6
46.0
47.3
43.2
43.5
29.9
41.3
40.7
34.5
37.1
35.9
35.9
35.3
37.4
34.7
Loop 2
Date
11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
14
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
238
Cu
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.004
0.003
0,001
0.002
0.001
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.005
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.007
0.006
0.005
0,006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
Pb
0.750
0.571
1.019
0.951
0.868
0.583
0.593
0.685
0.557
0.539
0.646
0.541
0.813
0.740
0.718
0.716
0.781
0.784
0.769
0.641
0.681
0.721
0.773
0.760
0.740
0.890
0.774
0.785
0.711
0.789
0.656
0.526
0.744
0.699
0.760
0.798
0.521
0.509
0.530
0.667
0.536
0.635
0.492
0.553
0.556
0.545
0.536
0.555
0.656
0.670
0.747
0.702
0.532
0.643
0.678
0.605
0.671
0.567
0.571
0.602
0.631
0.523
Zn
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
0.010
0.005
0.003
-0.005
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.001
0.000
-0.002
-0.001
-0.003
-0.004
-0.005
-0.004
-0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.004
0.000
-0.003
0.002
-0.001
0.004
-0.001
0.001
-0.003
-0.003
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.001
-0.002
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
Ca
84.4
77.6
82.9
71.2
66.5
62.5
63.1
66.4
57.7
68.0
73.7
58.9
76.0
72.5
74.8
70.3
78.9
79.3
78.0
68.5
75.3
81.8
80.2
84.3
84.9
98.2
87.2
85.5
81.1
84.8
81.2
68.5
89.2
84.3
99.3
91.5
82.8
81.2
78.0
88.1
78.7
84.3
81.3
79.7
83.7
76.0
74.7
80.5
89.8
88.0
94.0
88.7
78.9
88.2
86.5
78.7
91.6
80.5
78.3
83.9
84.7
70.6
Mc|
24.5
22.1
23.2
20.1
19.2
19.7
20.0
20.6
18.5
22.2
23.2
19.0
22.3
20.7
22.8
20.9
24.7
22.7
22.2
21.3
22.2
24.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
28.4
25.0
25.5
23.7
23.6
22.7
20.7
24.2
23.9
27.2
25.8
26.2
25.1
24.4
24.7
24.2
24.3
24.7
24.2
24.1
22.7
22.2
23.0
24.5
24.8
24.9
23.2
22.1
24.3
23.7
22.8
23.6
23.7
22.5
22.2
23.3
20.7
Na
42.7
38.6
41.8
45.1
39.9
38.6
38.8
38.2
35.2
42.8
41.6
32.7
40.2
34.5
39.1
36.9
40.8
31.3
32.1
38.6
41.8
45.4
42.4
46.7
49.7
46.8
47.4
49.1
48.7
48.2
50.6
40.0
41.8
41.0
44.2
49.3
40.9
41.2
38.4
39.8
34.5
43.7
44.1
39.9
37.9
37,3
34.3
41.0
45.4
46.6
43.4
43.2
29.8
38.6
40.2
31.9
35.1
37.3
36.4
36.1
38.0
31.4
All units in mg/L.
102
-------
Table C-l. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops, phase H
study.*
Loop 1
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.003
0.007
0.003
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.006
0.008
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.008
0.004
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.004
Pb
0.666
0.662
0.608
0.622
0.712
0.724
0.622
0.663
0.589
0.570
0.610
0.629
0.660
0.619
0.625
0.725
0.769
0.719
0.774
0.704
0.677
0.592
0.585
0.592
0.571
0.566
0.578
0.565
0.518
0.523
0.534
0.529
0.463
0.570
0.557
0.522
0.500
0.515
0.493
0.502
0.533
0.490
0.501
0.412
0.462
0.380
0.476
0.466
0.476
0.493
0.493
0.494
0.484
0.508
0.562
0.510
0.450
0.480
0.633
0.508
0.501
ZN
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
rO.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.004
-0.001
-0.001
0.002
0.002
0.004
-0.002
0.004
-0.001
0.006
0.002
0.002
0.002
-0.001
0.003
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.003
-0.001
0.003
-0.003
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.005
0.001
0.005
0.000
0.003
0.005
0.002
-0.001
-0.002
0.000
-0.001
0.004
-0.001
-0.004
0.002
0.003
0.001
-0.001
Ca
86.2
/9.4
/7.b
80. /
84.9
8bV
/8.9
82.2
/6.2
76.2
/8.4
81.4
83.6
83.2
84.1
86.3
,90.6
88.9
89.8
86.3
8b.2
82.4
83.0
84.1
83.0
80.4
81.4
81.1
80.2
79.3
81.7
91.1
82.8
/9.8
79.9
/9.3
77.8
77.3
76.9
83.4
8b.O
83.5
83.4
/0.2
75.5
64.2
80.6
81.2
79.5
80.7
77.0
85;2
84.6
85.2
93.5
85.8
79.6
78.4
98.6
79.1
83.1
Mo,
24.4
23. /
23.1
23.2
23. /
23.3
23.0
24.2
21.b
21.0
21.9
23.0
23.4
23.6
23. /
23.8
24.7
25.1
24.9
25.0
23.2
24.3
24.0
24.0
24.0
22.6
23.9
23.4
23.6
23.3
24.3
24.7
24.0
23.1
22.9
23.b
23.5
22.8
23.0
24.7
2b.2
25.0
25.2
20.2
22.4
19.4
24.0
23.4
23.8
23.1
22.9
23.6
23.9
23.4
25.7
24.3
22.7
24.2
25.6
21.5
22.3
Na
36.0
36.5
35.1
36.6
3/.9
39.5
37.7
40.9
35.6
31.1
32. /
3/.1
35.3
38.4
38.4
39.6
41.6
44. /
42.7
45.3
49.0
4/.9
43.0
43.3
44.4
41.3
44.2
42.9
43.6
43.3
43.8
35.9
41.5
3/.6
35.8
3/.4
38.6
35.4
36.4
39.5
39.0
39.6
36.9
31.4
35.2
30.6
35.4
34.0
37.3
32.7
33.4
35.2
35.5
39.8
45.1
46.1
42.3
37.5
50.3
37.6
39.6
Loop 2
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.002
0.006
0.000
0.009
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.007
0.004
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.008
0.005
0.007
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.004
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.003
Pb
0.614
0.683
0.650
0.606
0.709
0.697
0.606
0.573
0.584
0.595
0.623
0.598
0.618
0.598
0.600
0.664
0.736
0.657
0.729
0.684
0.644
0.582
0.567
0.488
0.575
0.569
0.561
0.532
0.515
0.509
0.518
0.517
0.467
0.541
0.452
0.514
0.498
0.490
0.477
0.490
0.504
0.477
0.499
0.455
0.516
0.488
0.425
0.482
0.464
0.516
0.482
0.491
0.502
0.553
0.549
0.557
0.436
0.484
0.621
0.578
0.484
Zn
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
-0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.004
-0.001
-0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
-0.002
0.003
-0.001
0.006
0.000
-0.003
0.002
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.004
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
0.004
-0.002
-0.004
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.004
0.004
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
Ca
83.6
84.7
80.0
80.4
84.7
85.4
77.1
70.8
74.2
81.2
84.2
80.2
83.2
82.7
82.8
87.3
90.3
89.4
89.9
87.0
85.5
83.5
82.3
71.1
83.7
81.9
81.3
80.7
79.8
79.4
81.8
91.1
83.0
79.2
67.8
78.7
78.2
76.1
77.2
81.5
84.3
83.7
83.0
79.6
82.2
79:6
74.6
84.6
78.1
79.7
77.3
84.8
88.0
92.4
93.1
91.7
79.8
80.2
97.4
86.5
80.3
Mq
23.7
24.2
23.7
23.5
23.2
23.3
22.3
20.9
21.6
22.6
23.5
22.6
23.7
23.4
23.5
23.7
24.7
25.0
24.9
24.9
23.1
24.4
23.7
20.6
24.5
23.5
23.9
23.4
23.5
23.5
24.0
24.9
24.1
23.3
20.0
23.4
23.3
22.5
22.6
25.3
25.0
24.8
25.3
23.1
23.8
23.6
22.5
24.6
23.6
23.4
22.8
23.8
25.3
25.3
25.5
26.1
22.3
24.1
25.5
23.6
21.5
Na
35.2
35.4
36.3
37.3
37.5
39.8
36.4
35.7
36.3
33.6
35.2
36.8
35.9
37.8
37.8
40.9
41.5
44.6
42.4
44.9
48.7
47.6
42.8
38.8
45.7
43.2
44.6
43.3
43.6
43.3
43.0
36.7
41.9
38.3
31.9
37.4
37.9
35.3
35.2
40.8
38.9
38.9
36.7
35.4
36.4
36.4
33.6
35.9
37.2
33.6
32.9
35.8
38.2
43.5
44.4
49.5
41.0
36.4
50.2
41.5
38.1
* All units in mg/L.
103
-------
Table C-la. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops, phase II study.*
Loop 1 ! Date
'11/23/94
'11/29/94
; 12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
;J2/1 3/94
12/16/94
! 12/20/94
~Tl2/22/94
; 12/28/94
12/30/94
' 01/04/95
01/05/95
s 01/1 3/95
__|OJ/18»5
' 01/20/95
; 01/24/95
01/26/95
^ 01/31/95
! 02/02/95
02/07/95
1 02/09/95
~" 02/14/95
i 02/24/95
i 02/28/95
« 03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
I 03/28/95
03/30/95
i 04/04/95
i 04/06/95
04/11/95
J34/13/95J
04/18/95
04/20/9JX
04/25/951
J34/27/95,
05/02/95
" 05/09/95
05/11/95
' 05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
, 06/08/95
•bB7l3/95j
06/15/95]
06/20/95
06/22/95
; 06/27/95,
'. 06/29/gg
07/06/9T>
07/11/9^
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
i__H
16
t 21
24
j 28
30
36
38
43
[__44
[HM
57
59
63
65
70
t_72
i_ZZ.
h 79
84
L—Mj
981
L_J°1
""lOS
107'
112
i—ll4-
119j
121
126
"""1281
133
135
_J40,
142
_ML
149
HHS
156
161
168
_JZ°J
175
177
182
_J89
1911
196
_J98|
203
205j
210
212
_?JZj
219
226
231j
233
238-
» Cu
0.134
0.004
0.013
0.062
0.045
0.008
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.012
0.122
LMZP_
hO172
0.008
0.008
0.006
0.014
0.011
0.007
0.012
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
JX008
0.008
0.005
0.012
0.019
0.005
0.005
O.Q03
0.007
0.005
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.011
"ooos1
0.012
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.012
0.006
0.009
0.029
0.009
0.02T
0.011
J-L5PJL
0.008
0.021
0.171
0.015
0.017
0.007
0,012
0.007
0.006
Q.007
Pb
0.653
0.738
0.665
0.551
0.451
0.518
0.530
0.615
0.524
0.458
0.599
0.480
0.734
^0692
0.671
0.746
0.624
0.818
0.901
0.750
0.753
0.706
0.742
0.717
0.708
0.869
0.801
0.668
0.646
0.713
0.607
0.558
0.721
0,654
0.765
0.756
0.502
0.507
0.533
0.657
0.538
0.613
0.565
0.565
0.544
0.561
0.568
0.542
0.629
0.637
0.728
0.697
0.596
0.620
0.656
0.630
0.675
0.640
0.634
0.656
0.676
0.674
Zn
0.001
0.000
0.001
0,001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.003
0.002
-0.001
0.011
0.012
0.003
-0.003
0.000
0.071
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.004
-0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.005
0.000
0.005
-0.003
0.002
0.000
-0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.009
0.000
-6.001 J
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
Ca
0.3
45.9
63.6
U.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
37.7
65.7
72.1
60.8
79.1
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0-3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.3
Mg
0.1
23.2
22.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
25.2
23.5
24.0
18.9
22.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0-1
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
Na
179.1
69.3
43.2
159.0
143.6
165.5
146.3
163.4
70.1
41.7
42.0
32.8
39.6
159.9
177.0
178.7
166.8
157.2
157.8
169.4
172.5
169.5
175.0
185.3
187.6
201.1
187.6
173.9
174.4
191.3
173.4
156.9
175.8
174.0
198.5
191.1
173.3
169.4
163.4
176.0
167.0
168.9
174.3
168.0
167.4
162.8
157.5
172.6
171.5
188.2
192.2
176.7
159.2
172.6
179.4
163.2
205.5
173.4
172.2
165.7
176.7
159.4
Loop-2
,
Date
11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
14
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
238
Cu
0.001
0.004
0.005
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.018
0.075
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
Pb
0.612
0.733
0.777
0.590
0.525
0.477
0.493
0.560
0.435
0.449
0.724
0.582
0.858
0.742
0.647
0.695
0.728
0.729
0.793
0.682
0.653
0.661
0.726
0.722
0.649
0.832
0.751
0.709
0.641
0.662
0.606
0.463
0.675
0.646
0.769
0.729
0.505
0.523
0.514
0.665
0.582
0.648
0.554
0.577
0.565
0.580
0.597
0.754
0.591
0.703
0.787
0.739
0.608
0.655
0.683
0.702
0.687
0.637
0.617
0.704
0.693
0.650
Zn
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
-0.002
0.000
-0.001
0.011
0.009
0.004
-0.003
-0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.002
-0.003
-0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.003
0.002
-0.002
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.005
-0.003
0.002
O.QOO
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.016
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
Ca
0.2
45.4
72.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
33.4
65.2
71.9
63.5
78.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
3.9
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.3
Mq
0.1
22.9
25.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
22.8
23.6
24.2
19.3
22.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1,
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
Na
177.6
68.8
48.5
161.1
151.4
154.8
147.1
158.3
65.3
43.4
42.6
33.1
41.0
166.2
173.7
173.1
178.3
153.9
160.0
159.2
159.1
173.6
178.6
184.6
181.0
200.5
186.8
178.6
183.5
177.3
165.8
140.2
170.5
175.9
190.3
190.8
180.2
174.3
173.7
170.4
159.7
170.6
175.4
169.8
166.9
157.7
156.0
174.3
175.7
189.3
188.6
180.4
162.7
174.3
175.6
175.1
201.5
178.5
169.5
176.3
177.6
154.2
AH units in mg/L.
104
-------
TaWe C-la. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of lead pipe loops, phase II study.
Loop 1
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
04/13/01
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
0.008
0.060
0.013
0.010
0.217
0.090
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.006
0.007
0.005
0.004
0.008
0.005
0.110
0.009
0.007
0.005
0.008
0.007
0.010
0.028
0.015
0.015
0.007
0.011
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.004
0.007
0.004
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.004
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.012
0.010
0.018
0.004
Pb
0.669
0.733
0.644
0.701
0.717
0.799
0.723
0.680
0.638
0.725
0.676
0.685
0.739
0.725
0.702
0.727
0.815
0.774
0.804
0.766
0.764
0.659
0.658
0.598
0.647
0.680
0.647
0.653
0.617
0.632
0.638
0.611
0.571
0.656
0.647
0.591
0.597
0.608
0.605
0.599
0.611
0.587
0.592
0.551
0.569
0.571
0.572
0.566
0.569
0.590
0.599
0.595
0.543
0.623
0.646
0.557
0.584
0.582
0.669
0.626
0.533
Zn
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.002
-0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.005
0.000
-0.005
0.000
-0.002
0.000
-0.001
-0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.000
0.000
-0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.003
0.008
0.000
-0.001
0.000
Ca
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
O.b
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.1
18.0.
0.3
Mg
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.0
29.1
0.1
Na
157.7
185.7
163.3
178.6
182.0
186.9
169.4
166.1
159.9
165.7
160.9
166.3
169.8
178.4
172.5
177.3
192.1
196.1
181.0
185.4
179.8
187.2
185.1
178.8
185.4
177.2
183.7
178.7
178.8
173.9
173.1
189.3
179.4
169.5
171.2
160.9
172.5
158.6
161.7
180.0
181.0
180.4
175.1
174.3
171.8
170.6
170.8
170.4
174.7
167.0
172.0
177.0
182.6
189.0
199.8
177.7
180.9
164.3
203.0
105.5
172.1
Loop-2
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
•12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
-0.002
0.007
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.005
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.006
0.011
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.009
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.018
0.004
Pb
0.710
0.691
0.689
0.648
0.703
0.734
0.688
0.667
0:665
0.624
0.716
0.706
0.696
0.690
0.679
0.757
0.798
0.689
0.759
0.749
0.745
0.650
0.650
0.637
0.652
0.660
0.649
0.640
0.604
0.613
0.611
0.584
0.558
0.654
0.633
0.611
0.584
0.595
0.581
0.572
0.589
0.569
0.585
0.537
0.582
0.558
0.499
0.558
0.491
0.562
0.561
0.584
0.505
0.573
0.624
0.573
0.531
0.576
0.642
0.582
0.556
Zn
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.003
-0.002
-0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.005
-0.004
0.000
0.000
-0.002
0.000
-0.005
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.004
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.002
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.003
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
Ca
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.3
0.1
17.5
0.3
Mq
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
. 0.2
0.1.
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
28.5
0.0
Na
173.9
173.0
167.9
173.1
181.4
178.0
163.9
170.8
167.3
151.3
176.2
166.7
170.3
173.3
169.6
189.8
194.1
196.4
185.7
185.3
184.8
193.2
178.9
189.5
183.9
185.2
177.0
177.8
181.3
176.4
176.6
186.8
177.0
169.6
168.9
168.7
169.3
161.5
158.6
188.2
179.8
178.3
172.5
176.7
172.3
170.8
155.4
171.5
159.8
165.8
165.3
174.9
170.3
180.1
206.1
190.8
176.4
174.1
198.3
105.2
176.1
* All units in mg/L.
105
-------
Table C-2. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper tubing pipe loops,
phase II study.*
LoogJ[
|t
i
_[
I
I Date
•11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
iJ>1/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/1 8/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
J5/11«5,
05/16/95
05/18/95
OS/23/9JL
05/30/951
06/01/951
06/06/95
06/08/iij
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
jjI||/95J
06/27/95,
06729/95'
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
i^SJ[§,
ZZ_i
7"
10
14
t_J6_
21
24
28
L__3£
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
|_126
128
133
!~~135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
.238
Cu
2.566
0.608
5,439
4.829
4.862
1.520
1.693
1.606
1.127
0.873
1.419
0.957
2.214
2.641
1.651
2.390
0.747
2.785
3.031
2.944
3.325
3.356
2.274
3.422
3.551
4.794
4.387
3.853
3.832
3.904
3.677
3.103
3.563
3.610
4.587
4.177
4.054
3.807
3.871
4.677
4.000
4.205
4.066
3.720
4.485
4.297
4.550
5.113
5.246
4.723
4.061
3.650
4.693
Z-Hlj
3.495
3.822
2.840
2.925
3.325
3.561
2.527
Pb
0.011
0.005
0.004
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
o.ooo
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.487
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
Zn.
0.009
-0.002
0.005
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.004
-0.001
-0.002
0.010
0.012
0.006
-0.005
-0.001
0.026
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.002
-0.003
0.000
0.001
-0.005
0.000
o.ool
-0.001
-0.004
-0.002
-0.005
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
-0.002
-0.007
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.002
0.003
-0.002
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.007
0.006
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.002
0.005
0.003
0.005
-0.001
-0.001
0.005
0,005
0.001
Ca
86.7
77.7
76.0
67.9
62.1
64.3
62.0
67.9
62.0
68.6
74.1
65.5
76.4
78.5
81.6
82.1
80.8
79.9
78.9
72.2
73.2
77.8
81.5
84.0
84.7
99.4
91.7
87.7
79.9
84.1
82.3
74.1
86.8
84.0
96.9
92.6
83.0
80.1
75.5
87.0
80.8
83.8
82.0
80.4
83.1
76.1
74.0
80.8
89.4
88.0
94.6
88.0
78.6
87.2
86.9
74.1
90.0
83.6
77.0
78.7
83.8
74.6
Mg
24.7
22.2
21.2
19.4
18.1
20.2
19.5
20.6
19.9
22.2
23.1
21.1
22.1
22.2
24.4
24.0
25.3
22.7
22.6
22.1
21.4
22.7
23.7
24.9
25.8
28.5
26.7
25.3
23.6
23.4
23.3
22.6
23.8
24.1
26.4
25.8
26.5
24.7
24.4
24.8
24.6
24.4
24.8
24.4
24.0
22.6
22.4
23.0
24.5
24.8
24.7
23.1
22.3
24.5
23.6
21.2
24.0
23.2
21.9
21.3
23.4
22.0
Na
42.7
39.3
38.7
43.2
37.8
39.6
37.2
37.7
38.0
41.8
40.9
36.4
39.7
37.4
39.8
41.3
41.2
30.9
34.2
38.9
40.0
42.9
41.5
47.1
48.8
46.5
50.9
48.9
48.8
47.9
51.5
42.8
42.3
41.4
43.0
48.2
41.7
40.6
39.3
40.8
35.6
44.0
43.9
40.7
37.5
36.3
35.1
40.3
45.6
47.4
42.8
42.9
30.3
40.4
39.2
28.5
36.6
35.2
35.5
35.6
37.6
33.3
loop 2
Date
11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/d6/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
14
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
238
Cu
3.154
1.429
5.255
4.863
4.788
1.659
1.983
2.030
1.351
1.100
1.812
1.196
2.686
3.068
1.958
2.769
0.875
3.501
3.822
3.293
3.998
4.092
2.623
3.776
3.845
5.110
4.488
3.788
3.734
4.073
3.682
2.884
3.789
3.740
4.762
4.467
4.236
4.117
3.954
4.853
4.176
4.149
4.239
4.329
4.258
4.641
4.427
4.719
5.172
5.407
5.124
4.460
3.769
5.076
4.744
3.961
4.326
3.088
3.099
3.748
3.745
2.622
Pb
0.011
0.007
0.002
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.003
0.001
0.000
Zn
0.016
0.001
o.ooo
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
-0.005
-0.002
0.002
0.009
0.012
0.004
-0.003
-0.003
-0.001
0.003
0.002
-0.002
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.006
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.004
-0.002
-0.005
0.001
-0.002
-0.002
0.000
0.001
-0.007
0.002
0.005
0.008
0.003
0.005
-0.004
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.004
0.004
0,002
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.006
0.005
0.000.
Ca
85.8
79.3
80.4
75.5
64.2
65.2
61.6
69.6
58.6
71.7
74.2
74.6
75.8
77.2
79.5
75.5
80.4
78.2
81.6
68.7
79.4
81.7
81.0
83.0
85.0
99.7
92.7
83.0
77.1
85.5
83.2
66.2
88.3
84.1
95.3
92.2
81.6
84.3
77.4
85.7
79.8
77.6
81.4
78.8
83.7
75.8
74.2
80.8
89.9
88.5
94.4
88.0
77.7
89.1
86.7
76.5
90.2
83.2
78.4
82.4
82.1
80.1
Mq
24.4
22.5
22.2
21.3
18.4
20.4
19.6
21.5
18.9
23.1
23.0
23.2
22.0
21.8
24.0
22.2
25.4
22.7
23.2
21.6
22.8
23.9
23.7
25.2
26.0
28.2
26.6
24.2
22.7
23.8
22.9
20.2
24.3
24.1
26.3
26.0
26.3
25.5
24.2
24.5
24.4
22.7
24.9
24.0
24.1
22.4
22,2
23.1
24.5
24.8
24.9
22.9
22-.5
24.5
23.9
21.7
24.3
23.5
22.2
22.2
22.9
23.0
Na
41.6
39.8
39.8
46.5
37.8
39.5
37.9
39.7
36.9
43.5
41.2
38.1
39.7
36.4
40.8
38.6
41.8
31.7
33.7
38.6
41.6
45.3
41.6
48.2
49.8
44.0
49.9
46.2
47.1
48.8
49.4
39.5
42.8
41.5
42.9
48.6
41.5
41.2
38.1
40.0
35.3
40.6
44.3
39.3
37.9
35.7
34.5
40.8
45.8
46.1
43.2
42.3
30.8
39.8
40.9
29.9
37.2
36.1
35.5
36.6
36.6
34.5
All units in mg/L
106
-------
Table C-2. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper tubing pipe loops,
phase II study.*
Loop 1
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
. 378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
2.538
2.967
2.278
2.243
2.883
2.477
2.018
1.817
1.673
1.448
1.579
1.533
1.550
1.432
1.413
1.940
2.100
2.130
2.393
2.133
1.634
1.155
1.149
1.198
1.259
1.283
1.318
1.300
1.287
1.336
1.517
2.458
1.837
1.509
1.238
1.444
1.195
1.379
1.420
1.559
1.582
2.238
2.445
2.807
3.095
2.962
3.174
3.601
3.712
3.858
3.710
4.010
4.149
3.861
4.240
3.736
3.551
2.677
2.882
2.744
2.896
Pb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.002
-0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
Zn
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.009
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
-0.002
0.003
-0.001
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.001
-0.003
0.000
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.002
-0.002
0.003
-0.003
0.003
0.000
-0.001
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
-0.001
0.004
0.002
0.004
0.001
0.005
0.003
0.007
0.004
Ca
n.i
83.6
/4.8
/y.a
84.9
86.9
/8.6
M.7
/2.8
84.9
80.2
/9.6
81.2
82.6
82.8
84.9
90.0
89.3
90.6
8/.9
86.2
81.7
82.9
83.4
83.2
81.8
81.1
81.6
80.0
/8.8
81.5
91.3
81.8
80.2
/0.2
78.1
/9.8
76.3
75.3
82.9
84.0
83.6
82.6
82.6
79.8
78.6
80.0
77.6
80.0
78.7
68.0
84.8
82.2
84.5
91.6
85.9
76.1
78.3
97.9
83.7
95.5
Mg
21.1
25.1
22.0
22.6
23.8
23.0
22.7
21.9
20. /
23.1
22.5
22.6
23.2
23.4
23.3
23.3
24.6
24.9
25.2
24.6
23.0
23.8
24.4
24.1
23.8
23.3
23.6
23.5
23.5
23.4
24.0
24.8
24.1
23.3
20.2
23.1
23.6
22.4
22.2
24.3
25.0
25.0
25.0
23.7
23.7
23.6
24.0
22.9
24.4
22.8
20.8
23.4
23.4
23.8
25.9
24.4
21.8
23.9
25.4
22.9
25.1
Na
33.4
3/.9
33.2
35.0
38.6
38.3
3/.1
38.3
34.0
33.4
33.8
36.4
3fa.fa
3/.6
37.6
38.8
41.2
43.9
42.9
43.3
48.2
46.6
44.0
44.2
43.8
42.2
43.7
43.1
43.3
43.5
42.9
36.3
41.9
38.1
31.5
36:8
38.1
34.6
34.8
39.0
38.7
39.2
36.9
35.8
37.0
36.2
35.5
33.9
38.6
32.4
31.0
34.6
35.2
41.4
46.4
46.4
40.6
36.5
49.8
39.8
42.8
loop 2
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
1 1/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
. 371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
2.856
2.957
2.394
2.207
2.852
2.412
1.859
1.608
1.546
1.045
1.225
1.106
1.089
0.908
0.848
1.066
1.062
1.033
1.190
1.106
0.790
0.652
0.623
0.735
0.753
0.805
0.822
0.849
0.883
1.003
1.263
2.216
1.595
1.123
1.0-18
1.218
1.030
1.267
1.307
1.537
1.510
2.258
2.454
2.775
2.978
2.726
3.205
3.728
3.690
4.099
4.110
4.181
4.585
3.956
4.002
3.790
3.355
2.538
2.697
2.807
2.702
Pb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
'0.003
-0.002
0.001
Zn
0.005
0.006
0.001
0.002
0.005
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.000
-0.003
0.004
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.004
-0.001
0.004
0.000
0.004
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.002
-0.001
0.003
-0.003
0.003
0.000
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.001
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
Ca
86.4
81.6
78.6
81.3
83.8
84.6
80.0
73.1
75.2
74.3
80.6
80.2
79.8
81.8
83.3
91.6
90.2
88.5
90.5
86.3
84.8
80.9
83.2
83.4
82.3
80.6
81.8
81.4
80.4
78.6
80.7
91.1
82.4
72.6
69.0
78.9
78.2
77.5
76.0
82.1
84.5
83.5
81.9
82.2
80.0
72.6
79.0
82.7
80.8
79.3
79.6
82:8
91.0
•92.2
92.9
90.4
83.4
79.3
97.6
89.5
93.9
Mq
23.8
24.3
23.4
23.4
23.2
22.8
22.9
21.8
21.7
20.9
22.6
22.7
23.0
23.1
23.2
25.0
24.7
25.1
24.6
25.1
22.8
24.4
23.9
24.1
23.8
23.4
23.5
23.3
23.3
23.2
24.1
24.9
24.3
21.5
20.2
23.1
23.7
22.8
22.2
24.6
25.0
25.1
25.0
23.9
23.2
21.8
24.1
24.0
24.3
23.6
23.4
23.9
26.0
25.1
25.5
25.9
23.1
23.9
25.8
24.4
24.9
Na
35.0
35.9
36.3
37.1
37.0
38.2
37.6
37.4
36.0
31.5
33.8
36.8
35.3
37.3
37.0
41.5
41.5
45.0
41.3
45.8
47.9
49.2
42.6
43.6
44.3
43.5
42.8
42.7
42.7
43.1
43.6
36.6
42.5
35.6
32.1
36.7
39.0
35.5
34.5
40.1
38.9
39.6
36.7
36.6
35.9
34.0
36.1
35.1
38.1
34.2
33.8
37.0
39.5
42.9
44.5
49.7
41.9
36.1
50.9
41.7
43.0
* All units in mg/L
107
-------
Table C-2a. Analyses of softened standing water samples of copper tubing pipe loops, phase II study.*
Loopl
Date
11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
1 12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
[_01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
JM/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
jjs/os/gs
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/91)
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95~
04/18/95
JD4/20/95,
j04/25/95j
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95^
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95j
06/01/95^
06/06/9?
JO&08/9S
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95j
06/27/95
06/29/95
JW06/95,
jWH/95,
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
L_Ji
r 16
21
24
28
30
36
38
i__43
L 44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
71,
84
94
98
101
i_!2§l
^"107
112
114
119
121
l_126
128
133
_J35t
140
142
147
-Jia
154
156
161
•168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
-JZlfiJ
'~~212'
217
219
226
231
233
238
Cu
1.677
1.686
1.977
1.655
2.212
1.344
1.640
2.143
1.447
hT370~
0.645
0.044
0.050
0.600
2.757
3.880
1.723
4.479
4.847
4.175
4.406
4.419
4.091
4.665
4.748
6.186
5.467
5.092
5.003
5.421
4.972
3.023
J5.121
4.747
5.884
6.209
4.021
4.086
3.703
5.094
3.653
4.707
"47J04J
3.990
4.062
4.485
4.232
_4j574.
4.630
5.217
5.918
5.587
4.002
6.043
6.184
A§§?J
~6A55>
3.550
4.122
*57199
4.852
2,488
Pb
0.001
I 0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.000
«JL-000
-0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.002
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.002
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
Zn
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
-0.001
0.002
0.002
-0.005
-0.003
-0.001
0.011
JX008
0.004
-0.003
-0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
-0.002
0.003
0.001
0.003
0.003
-0.002
-0.004
-0.005
0.005
0.006
0.012
0.003
0.005
-0.001
0.006
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.009
0.004
0.004
0.013
0.004
0.001
Ca
0.2
48.5
64.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
32.1
65.5
72.0
73.9
76.5
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
.0.3
0.3
P-7
1.0
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.3
Mg
0.1
24.2
23.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
22.4
23.9
23.9
22.4
22.5
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.9
0-1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.1
Na
175.4
71.4
43.4
156.1
147.2
159.2
143.3
154.6
63.7
43.7
42.8
37.6
40.1
170.7
173.4
171.9
180.5
158.9
159.2
158.4
164.7
174.9
180.6
185.8
183.6
205.1
185.1
179.9
185.1
174.6
179.9
135.2
174.3
171.6
194.4
191.2
174.5
180.7
168.2
178.3
151.5
177.2
175.6
165.7
170.6
159.5
160.0
172.1
183.9
183.1
187.4
179.6
159.6
177.1
175.0
166.4
202.1
173.4
173.9
176.9
16.1.2
157.9
Loop 2
Date
11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95.
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/11/95
05/09/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
14
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59.
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
19.1
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
238
Cu
1,341
1.207
1.991
1.639
1.706
1.036
1.400
1.839
1.099
2.139
1.629
0.326
0.525
2.673
2.928
3.916
1.543
4.273
4.571
4.296
4.452
4.094
3.554
4.300
4.402'
6.012
5.637
5:225
4.985
5.524
4.981
3.250
5.128
4.523
6.016
E451
4.212
4.150
3.646
5.461
4.220
4.983
4:319
4.120
4.113
4.523
4.352
4.335
4.824
5.337
6.026
5.609
3.795
5.824
5.095
5.693
5.742
3.800
3.938
5.011
5.009
2.987
Pb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.008
0.020
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.004
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000.
0.000
0.003
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.002
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.003
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.018
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
Zn
0.010
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.000
0.003
0.002
-0.005
0.001
0.003
0.011
0.012
0.006
0.001
-0.002
-0.001
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.002.
0.000
-0.002
0.002
0.001
-0.001
0.00.1
0.000
-0.001
-0.001.
0.002
0.000
0.003
0.003
-0.003
-0.001
-0.004
0.002
0.006
0.008
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.006
0.008,
0.008
0.006
0.040
0.003
0.006
0.010
0.004
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.000
Ca
0.2
43.8
71.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
33.2
68.6
72.1
75.2
79.1
0.1
0.3.
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.31
0:3
0.3:
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.8
0.9
0.6
0.3:
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0;4
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.6
• 0.3
Ms
0.1
22.4
25.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
22.6
24.8
24.1
22.7
22.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0:1
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.2,
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0-2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
Na
177.8
67.5
48.3
155.6
144.5
154.5
145.2
"163.6
64.0
44.9
42.1
37.6
40.5
164.3
178.1
18.1.3
176.5
159.1
158.4
162.0
L 179.4
168.3
176.1
183.2
183.3
197.3
189.5
185.7
185.6
188.0
179.7
144.3
170.1
173.5
197.9
194.9
172.8
171.9
163.1
180.9
168.1
174.8
174.2
163.3
163.0
156.8
160.0
170.0
171.5
188.8
189.6
178.6
157'.4
179.6
176.0
166.1
202.9
177.0
176.1
172.0
172.1
154.3
All units in mg/L.
108
-------
TaWe C-2a. Analyses of softened standing water samples of copper tubing pipe loops, phase II study.*
Loop 1
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
3.793
5.275
2.696
3.327
6.151
4.623
2.252
2.794
3.263
1.771
3.589
3.391
3.548
3.350
3.401
5.512
6.064
5.626
5.718
5.300
3.663
0.702
0.438
0.561
0.520
0.449
0.444
0.417
0.446
0.303
0.475
4.271
1.734
2.431
3.263
3.627
3.029
4.406
5.071
4.893
5.029
5.527
4.881
4.447
5.294
4.936
5.097
5.793
5.124
5.547
5.837
5.863
7.191
7.077
7.719
6.809
6.504
2.799
3.592
4.342
3.028
Pb
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
Zn
0.005
0.003
0.001
0.005
0.008
0.005
0.003
0.001
-0:001
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.003
-0.001
0.001
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.001
0.004
0.000
0.004
0.002
0.000
-0.001
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.002
0.006
0.002
0.001
0.005
0.006
0.000
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.003
0.008
0.006
0.006
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.002
0.005
-------
Table C-3. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper soldered pipe loops,
phase II study.*
Loop 1 1 Day
1 11/23/94j
{11/29/94
I 12/02/94
12/06/94
|12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
Days
I1
Cu Pb
2.221 , 0.022
7 2.289 i 0.038
_1°J
14
16
21
24
• 12/20/94, 28
12/22/94 30
12/28/94 36
12/30/94
01/04/95
[ 01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
I 02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
[03/07/95
{ 03/08/95
I 03/14/95
; 03/16/95
( 03/21/95
^03/23/95!
i 03/28/95
j 03/30/95
, 04/04/95
i 04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
; 04/18/95
I 04/20/95
I 04/25/95
I 04/27/95
T 05/02/95
05/09/95
'05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
* 05/23/95
; 05/30/95
f 06/01/95
iJ>6/06/95
j 06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
'06/22/95
i 06/27/95
! 06/29/95
f 07/06/95
[07/11/95
S 07/1 3/95
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
i_105
107
^112
114
i_119
121
126
j_128_
133
135
140
142
147
149
i_154
156
LJ§1
^68
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
i_j26
23t
233
' 07/18/95 238
2.927 0.023
3.336 0.020
3.821J 0.01 6
1.733 0.012
2.154 0.010
2.447 0.012
2.512 0.008
2.144 0.007
2.941 , 0.007
2.586;: 0.007
4.112 0.009
5.277 : 0.008
3.822
4.476
2.798
5.795
5.137
^658
4.889
4.728
3.633
_4.070
4.187
5.540
4.727
4.244
4.184
4.323
,4.213
3.191
4.160
3.623
4.842
4.719
3.627
3.603
3,158
4.621
3.498
3.864
3.652
3.727
3.732
4.103
3.972
4.757
4.588
5.218
4.791
4.214
3.303
4.248
3.906
2.677
2.802
3.462
3.392
2.278
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.004
0.003
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.004
0.001
Zn
0.303
0.235
0.186
0.136
0.107
0.088
0.067
0.076
0.054
0.044
0.048
0.053
0.056
0.049
0.029
0.028
0.036
0.036
0.036
0.027
0.023
0.018
0.018
0.014
0.008
0.018
0.012
0.013
0.011
0.010
0.006
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.010
0.010
0.005
0".013
0.013
0.017
0.013
0.011
0.006
0.010
0.012
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.011
0.013
0.015
0.009
0.011
0.012
0.009
0.010
0.008
0.008
0.009
Ca
86.8
73.7
78.7
69.1
65.6
66.6
63.2
70.2
73.6
68.9
74.2
75.3
77.3
79.3
81.5
82.1
81.0
87.5
78.5
80.9
83.0
82.5
82.5
84.3
84.6
99.5
92.4
84.8
79.2
80.5
82.7
73.8
87.5
79.2
94.9
93.4
79.5
82.8
72.0
87.9
80.5
84.7
81.9
80.8
83.1
78.4
74.9
80.1
89.5
88.5
93.3
89.3
78.9
75.8
90.9
83.8
79.4
82.5
82.5
76.4
Mg
24.3
20.9
21.9
19.7
18.9
20.3
19.7
21.1
23.6
22.5
23.1
23.2
22.6
22.6
24.5
23.8
25.5
25.1
22.4
24.3
23.9
23.8
23.7
25.1
25.9
28.1
26.5
25.2
23.4
22.7
23.0
22.3
24.5
22.3
26.5
25.7
25.6
25.6
23.3
25.3
24.6
24.3
25.1
24.3
24.0
22.5
22.5
22.5
24.3
24.7
24.8
23.3
22.6
22.2
23.5
23.5
22.5
22.5
23.1
22.8
Na
40.5
36.8
40.5
44.3
38.6
38.5
37.7
38.4
45.6
43.2
41.2
38.8
40.9
39.4
40.4
40.6
41.6
34.3
33.2
42.4
43.4
44.9
40.8
47.6
49.1
45.5
49.3
48.2
48.7
46.4
50.8
41.5
44.3
37.8
43.0
47.0
39.6
41.8
38.1
41.6
36.0
43.7
44.7
39.4
38.3
35.1
34.8
38.8
44.9
46.1
42.9
43.7
30.9
31.8
35.1
36.3
35.9
38.0
36.7
34'.4
Loop 2
Date
11/23/94
1 1/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
1.4
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
1'33
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
. 231
233
238
Cu
3.214
2.942
3.863
3.825
3.851
1.694
1.917
2.176
2.091
1.737
2.241
2.163
3.596
5.193
3.406
4.199
2.396
5.017
4.764
4.162
4.360
4.234
3.387
3.927
3.945
5.345
4.728
4.1 H
4.268
4.412
4.306
2.844
4.220
3.988
4.863
4.690
3.594
3.544
3.082
4.487
3.500
3.838
3.648
3.656
3.689
4.137
3.961
4.873
4.813
5.219
4.596
4.018
3.106
4.268
3.611
3.044
2.986
2.062
2.430
2.984
3.010
1.775
Pb
0.016
0.026
0.014
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.006
0,005
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.002
0,002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.001
Zn
0.351
0.315
0.252
0.181
0.144
0.109
0.091
0.103
0.093
0.067
0.062
0.063
0.067
0.058
0.031
0.035
0.038
0.042
0.036
0.022
0.019
0.012
0.016
0.013
0.009
0.022
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.010
0.009
0.007
0.014
0.007
0.010
0.010
0.004
0.014
0.011
0.018
0.012
0.008
0.006
0.011
0.012
0.006
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.018
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.011
0.013
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.009
0.010
0.009
0.009
Ca
86.8
76.6
78.1
69.6
64.6
65.5
6J.J
68.7
73.8
67.0
6/.1
71.1
76.2
79.6
80.8
81.7
80.8
83.6
78.5
75.2
79.1
77.0
81.7
84.1
84.2
99.9
92.3
84.8
82.4
87.0
84. /
65.5
87.5
82.b
96.4
93.1
82.4
83.6
72.5
86.6
80.4
83.3
81.6
/9.fc>
82.1
75.8
/4.9
81.3
87.7
88. /
94.2
89.3
79.5
87.6
88.0
76.2
86.4
80.4
78.6
81.5
83.1
69.7
Mg
24.7
21.6
21.6
20.0
18,8
20.5
19,4
20.9
23.4
21.9
20.7
22.2
21.9
22.7
24.2
24.1
26.1
23.7
22.1
23.1
22.8
22.9
24.1
25.1
25.6
28.1
26.6
24.9
24.2
23.7
23.4
20.0
24.2
23V
26.5
26. /
26.8
26.5
23.4
24.8
24.5
23.8
24.9
24.0
23.8
22.3
22.4
22.9
24.0
24.6
24.5
23.3
22.3
24.6
23.6
21.6
22. /
22.7
22.4
21.9
23.2
20.9
Na
41.4
37.4
39.0
44.7
39.3
40.0
36.9
38.3
44.1
41.5
38.6
36.5
40,4
38.6
40.2
42.2
40.9
32.2
33.2
40.4
41.1
44.2
43.4
47.0
48.3
46.4
49.9
4/.9
49.9
48.0
51.6
38.5
42.5
40.6
43.6
47.9
40.0
41.8
37.7
40.9
35.5
42.8
44.5
39.2
37.5
35.0
34.6
39.6
44.4
45.8
42.3
43.8
.30.0
39.3
39.4
30.2
34.0
35.3
36.3
35.9
36.8
31.9
* All units in mg/L.
110
-------
Table C-3. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of copper soldered pipe loops,
phase n study.*
Loop 1
Day
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
2.418
2.918
2.007
2.170
3.419
2.601
1.890
2.268
2.246
1.949
2.508
2.652
2.739
2.540
2.645
3.308
3.638
3.224
3.431
3.006
2.583
1.957
1.860
2.334
2.347
2.367
2.438
2.413
2.539
2.476
2.735
4.201
3.077
2.984
2.969
2,984
2.846
3.013
3.099
3.121
3.188
3.442
3.302
2.957
3.265
2.919
2.971
3.344
3.343
3.412
3.460
3.029
3.342
3.212
3.358
3.253
3.058
1.851
1.885
2.706
2.496
Pb
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.003
0.003
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.003
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.004
0.001
Zn
0.010
0.010
0.012
0.012
0.016
0.011
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.013
0.011
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.008
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.013
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.005
0.010
0.013
0.004
0.009
0.007
0.006
0.001
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.001
0.006
0.001
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.002
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.007
0.009
0.007
0.006
Ua
/5.3
/9.fa
/b.8
80.4
94. /
86.4
II A
/5.5
/4.6
86.1
/6.6
82.2
82.6
81.1
84.4
8b.2
91.2
89.6
91 .b
8/.8
8b.b
82.5
84.2
84.1
83.2
82.1
83.3
79.5
81.1
/9.b
82.3
92.0
82.2
/8.6
79.6
//.3
79.7
74.4
77.2
83.8
84.6
84.2
83.4
68.6
81.6
77.4
80.9
78.6
81.1
81.0
79.1
84.0
82.6
91.4
94.3
88.6
86.3
79.0
91.6
88. /
93.3
Mg
22.0
23.5
22.2
23.4
26.9
23.4
22.6
22.6
21.9
23.3
22.1
22. /
23.6
23.0
23.6
23.2
24.9
25.1
2b.9
26.1
23.3
24.6
24.2
24.6
24.2
23.2
23.3
23.5
23.8
23.6
24.2
25.0
24.0
23.0
22.9
22.2
23.6
22.5
22.7
24.8
25.1
25.2
25.7
20.3
24.3
23.1
24.0
23.0
24.6
23.0
23,3
23.5
24.0
25.4
26.3
25.0
24.2
24.1
25.5
24.2
24.7
Na
33.9
3fa.2
33.1
3/.0
41.4
39.4
3/.2
39.9
36.8
33.6
34.3
36.1
35.9
37.1
38.1
38.2
41.6
44.3
44.6
44.6
49.3
48.4
42.5
45.0
44.9
41.4
41.4
43.7
44.4
43.6
43.1
36.1
41.7
37.4
35.9
34.7
37.9
35.2
35.2
39.7
38.7
39.4
37.8
32.0
37.6
35.6
36.1
34.1
37.9
32.2
33.7
35.6
36.4
43.6
46.5
47.2
44.4
36.9
43.5
41.4
42.5
Loop 2
Date
07/20/95
,07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
1 1/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
2.041
2.487
1.719
1.877
2.954
2.354
1.660
1.974
2.013
1.781
2.239
2.380
2.539
2.426
2.457
3.142
3.434
3.065
3.165
2.797
2.455
2.087
2.080
2.655
2.732
2.778
2.837
2.879
2.780
2.741
3.113
4.576
3.523
3.372
3.351
3.547
3.255
3.665
3.542
3.480
3.602
3.761
3.797
3.659
3.719
2.828
3.567
3.601
3.479
3.488
3.559
3.215
3.640
3.475
3.696
3.379
3.038
1.878
3.004
2.488
2.492
Pb
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
-0.001
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
-0.001
0.004
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.002
-0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.001
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.000
0.001
Zn
0.010
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.011
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.013
0.007
0.01 1
0.010
0.002
0.007
0.006
0:008
0.001
0.009
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.003
0.002
0.006
-0.001
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.009
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.001
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.007
0.005
0.007
0.009
Ca
74.0
76.6
74.8
77.6
88.8
91.8
79.8
73.1
74.1
84.7
75.2
79.6
83.7
83.1
83.3
85.1
90.9
89.6
89.5
88.2
86.1
82.9
83.1
83.8
83.4
82.5
82.9
78.3
80.7
79.8
82.3
91.8
82.2
77.0
77.1
80.4
79.7
76.0
77.6
83.1
83.7
83.9
82.0
78.7
80.5
64.7
80.1
79.0
77.8
81.1
77.5
84.1
87.1
90.2
94.2.
90.6
77.2
80.6
99.0
89.9
94.8
Mq
?14
23.1
?17
22.8
24.7
24.3
23.0
22.0
21.7
23.3
21.5
22.2
23.6
23.4
23.5
23.4
24.7
25.0
25.0
24.5
23.2
24.8
24.6
24.6
24.4
23.2
23.4
23.9
23.6
23.3
24.2
25.0
24.0
22.5
22.2
23.3
23.6
23.1
22.7
24.7
25.4
25.0
25.7
22.8
23.7
19.6
24.2
23.1
23.8
23.0
23.2
23.5
24.5
25.3
26.4
25.5
21.6
24.1
25.7
24.1
25.1
Na
33.5
34.8
32.4
36.9
40.0
40.5
37.4
39.1
35.9
33.8
32.4
35.6
35.8
37.7
38.3
38.6
41.4
44.2
42.8
42.7
49.3
49.2
44.6
45.2
45.4
41.7
42.1
45.7
43.5
42.7
42.8
36.4
41.4
36.7
34.8
36.4
38.0
36.1
35.1
40.0
39.6
39.0
38.7
34.8
36.4
30.6
36.0
34.1
37.9
32.2
34.0
35.6
36.4
43.9
47.2
48.2
39.5
36.3
49.9
40.7
42.7
All units in mg/L.
111
-------
Table C-3a. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper soldered pipe loops, phase
II study.*
Loopt
i Date Days) Cu
1 11/23794 1
M 1/29/94 7
: 12/02/94, 10
12/06/94 14
| 12/08/94 16
12/13/94*"" 21
,_„.„,_
12/16/94! 24
12/20/94
'12/22/94
! 12/28/94
! 12/30/94
! 01/04/95
I 01/05/95
1 01/13/95
01/18/95
__j 01/20/95
i 01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/2j/95j
03/23/95
03/28/95
js/soraSj
04/04/95
04/06/95
MUM]
04/13/95
[04/18/95
I 04/20/95
f 04/25/95
! 04/27/95,
f 05/02/95
J 05/09/95
05/11/951
j_28
4.230
3.670
3.322
'^MS
3.046
LL§§1
2.021
2.275
' 30" 1.481
36 2.174
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
__79j
~~8T
94
98
101
105
107
112
i_H4
119
121
L126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156]
ieT
]_J68
17P.
05/16/95 175
| 05/18/95
< 05/23/95
[05/30/95
'06/01/95
[06/06/95
| 06/08/95
' 06/13/:95
'06/15/95^
• 06/20/95
06/22/95
0&27/95,
06/29/95
07/06/9^
I07mt95l
j 07/1 3/95
07/18/95
uJZZ
LJ82
^"isgl
191
196
198
203]
2051
n*10
212
LJ21 7
_HE
226
231
233
2.990
3.281
4.907
4.111
3.135
3.519
2.632
3.845
3.469
2.847
2.958
3.088
2.792
3.235,
1L3361
4.215
3.713
3.542
3.397
3.838
3.528
2.427
3.829
Pb
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.464 0.0
4.280!
^Tsogi
2.779
_2jm.
2.490
_M£°J
2.~7l7
3.214
2.987
J.936
Jjxw
3.345
2.990
lusTe1
3.837
4.395
4.757
^L302
3.006
4.558
4.375
4.155
4.235
2.809
2.891
3.479
3.583j
0.0
0.0
0.0
•0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
'0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
238f2.570 0.0
Zn
0.234
0.180
0.161
0.128
0.111
0.101
0.074
0.072
0.055
0.043
0.038
0.038
0.043
0.030
0.025
0.027
0.030
0.031
0.025
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.008
0.017
0.014
0.009
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.004
0.009
0.010
0.009
0.013
0.007
0.012
0.011
0.016
0.014
0.014
0.019
0.012
0.011
0.013
0.009
0.007
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.016
0.010
0.035
0.015
0.012
0.014
0.011
0.011
0.014
0.008
0.012
Ca
0.2
51.1
68.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
33.1
69.0
65.9
74.4
76.5
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.7
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.9
-.0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3-
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.3
Mg
0.1
25.8
24.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
22.5
24.7
22.2
22.3
22.3
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.1
Na
173.1
73.7
45.3
153.7
154.9
161.9
150.0
152.2
63.3
44.9
41.7
37.2
41.8
172.2
178.0
180.4
177.4
174.7
160.0
154.3
160.0
173.9
178.6
185.4
186.9
202.8
187.9
183.1
172.4
181.8
180.4
152.5
182.5
170.5
193.7
192.0
177.0
179.3
170.1
175.1
165.1
173.7
175.3
166.9
161.3
159.5
150.2
168.7
187.9
193.6
187.8
176.7
165.5
176.3
179.8
166.4
199.4
169.4
167.4
167.2
170.5
165.9
Loop 2
^
Date
11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
14
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
238
Cu
1.602
2.119
2.134
1.818
1.693
1.271
1.886
2.066
1.455
2.159
3.275
1.998
2.911
3,480
2.852
3.143
2.071
3.165
2.953
2.469
2.788
2.641
2.269
2.726
2.893
3.694
3.321
3.040
2.749
3.166
3.060
2.028
3.239
2.872
3.603
3.790
2.211
2.291
1.963
3.100
2.082
2.670
2.570
2.462
2.446
3.030
2.637
3.109
2.281
2.969
3.443
3.534
2.433
3.388
2.937
3.553
3.284
2.531
2.541
3.272
3.500
2.368
Pb
0.138
0.064
0.003
0.097
0.055
0.039
0.037
0.032
0.037
0.030
0.024
0.090
0.164
0.021
0.019
0.020
0.025
0.022
0.020
0.019
0.017
0.017
0.018
0.020
0.019
0.020
0.016
0.016
0.026
0.020
0.014
0.012
0.042
0.023
0.020
0.016
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.018
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.016
0.021
0.023
0.017
0.012
0.012
0.020
0.056
0.014
0.015
0.011
0.012
0.01.1
0.013
0.009
Zn
0.137
0.149
0.118
0.085
0.075
0.080
0.075
0.081
0.068
0.056
0.058
0.036
0.033
0.033
0.019
0.029
0.039
0.026
0.028
0.021
0.017
0.019
0.020
0.019
0.011
0.021
0.016
0.014
0.017
0.014
0.010
0.004
0.017
0.017
0.016
0.019
0.013
0.020
0.019
0.019
0.017
0.016
0.013
0.016
0.018
0.011
0.017
0.016
0.019
0.018
0.019
0.018
0.012
0.020
0.012
0.014
0.017
0.012
0.013
0.010
0.009
0.010
Ca
0.3
46.1
64.9
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
32.5
65.9
71.5
76.0
76.5
0.1
0.3
0-4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.8
0.9
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.7
0.3
Mg
0.1
23.1
23.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
22.6
23.9
24.0
22.9
22.4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.1
Na
173.4
68.4
43.8
161.7
141.0
148.1
151.2
156.3
65.1
44.6
42.9
38.0
40.7
157.7
179.8
183.0
182.3
159.8
160.2
159.8
168.8
169.6
179.5
185.7
187.1
196.5
185.7
178.7
184.9
184.4
170.1
140.3
178.8
170.4
196.5
188.0
173.6
176.4
167.8
177.4
161.9
173.3
172.4
169.2
169.6
162.6
154.0
173.2
189.3
187.2
186.7
175.6
157.1
176.7
178.3
171.1
198.0
177.0
174.7
165.0
174.8
157.3
* All units in mg/L.
112
-------
Table C-3a, Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of copper soldered pipe loops, phase
II study.*
.Loop 1
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
2.957
3.524
2.877
2.898
4.351
3.593
2.634
2.890
2.857
2.206
3.110
3.270
3.189
3.234
3.284
4.042
4.401
4.368
4.132
4.074
3.633
2.609
2.432
2.925
2.828
2.895
2.907
2.791
2.820
2.779
2.871
3.719
3.134
3.433
3.425
3.452
3.061
3.458
3.394
3.517
3.532
3.816
3.781
3.618
4.169
3.643
3.953
4.568
4.426
4.452
4.728
4.161
4.752
5.081
5.279
5.212
4.511
2.674
6.078
5.342
4.401
Pb
0.0
0.0
0.0
U.O
O.U
0.0
0.0
O.U
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
U.O
O.U
0.0
0.0
0.0
u.u
O.U
U.O
u.u
O.U
O.U
u.u
u.u
O.U
0.0
U.O
O.U
O.U
U.O
O.U
0.0
U.O
0.0
u.u
O.U
0.0
U.O
u.u
O.U
0.0
O.U
0.0
U.O
U.O
U.O
u.u
u.u
O.U
0.0
U.O
0.0
0.0
U.O
u.u
O.U
0.0
0.0
U.O
Zn
0.011
0.015
0.011
0.011
0.018
0.015
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.013
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.014
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.013
0.014
0.009
0.016
0.016
0.009
0.013
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.008
0.011
0.008
0.011
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.002
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.004
0.006
0.010
0.009
0.009
0.007
0.008
0.013
0.008
0.012
Ca
0.3
0.3
0.4
U.3
U.3
0.3
0.3
U.3
U.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
U.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
U.4
0.3
0.4
U.3
U.3
U.3
U.3
U.3
0.3
0.3
U.3
U.4
0.3
U.3
0.3
0.2
U.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
U.2
U.2
0.3
0.3
U.3
0.3
0.2
U.2
U.3
U.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
U./
0.4
0.4
0.6
U.b
0.2
0.1
19.4
0.3
Mfl
0.1
0.1
0.2
U.1
U.1
U.1
0.1
U.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
U.2
0.1
O.U
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
U.1
U.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
U.1
U.1
0.2
U.1
U.1
0.1
0.1
U.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
U.1
U.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
U.2
U.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.1
U.1
O.b
0.6
0.1
U.U
31.3
0.1
Na
162.7
184.2
180.4
171.1
190.0
174.9
173.2
174.8
161.6
155.6
170.9
172.0
169.E
176.6
170.7
188.8
193.6
197.1
183.7
188.5
184.1
197.2
176.8
184.8
181.0
180.1
184.9
176.5
174.0
173.7
181.4
182.9
174.0
171.7
165.7
169.6
173.6
167.1
164.4
181.2
178.4
179.1
176.3
158.5
172.2
161.5
168.9
177.2
172.6
158.0
167.5
174.7
177.4
192.9
197.0
197.8
171.2
163.7
204.1
112.1
171.0
Loop 2
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
24C
245
247
252
25"
25£
261
266
26£
27;
275
28C
282
287
28£
29c
295
30C
302
307
30£
315
317
322
324
32S
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
2.91'
2.696
2.145
2.83£
2.42c
2.352
2.647
2.85"
2.632
2.48£
3.12;
3.375
3.321
3.392
3.44£
2.8H
4.18E
4.20C
4.17^
4.12£
3.69E
2.14E
2.09£
2.611
2.594
2.814
2.618
2.727
2.564
2.672
2.782
3.326
2.91 S
3.109
3.083
3.264
3.000
3.218
3.337
3.459
3.456
3.737
3.625
3.422
3.756
3.544
3.669
4.382
3.722
4.436
4.474
4.013
4.621
4.806
5.061
4.804
4.330
2.598
5.735
5.317
4.554
Pb
0.01C
0.03£
0.01 c
0.01'
0.14"
0.052
0.01C
0.01C
0.01;
0.011
0.012
0.01;
0.01C
O.OOE
0.01 C
0.09C
0.011
0.011
0.01 C
O.OOE
O.OOE
0.024
0.023
0.014
0.012
0.011
0.012
O.OOE
0.01 C
0.011
0.008
0.010
0.008
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.01 &
0.009
0.009
D.008
3.011
3.010
3.009
3.009
3.011
3.009
3.010
3.009
3.007
3.012
3.010
3.007
Zn
0.01'
0.012
0.01^
0.011
0.01"
0.01c
0.012
0.011
0.012
0.012
0.011
0.01 C
O.OOE
0.01C
0.01 C
0.012
0.015
0.010
0.009
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.02C
0.018
0.012
0.015
0.011
0.009
0.013
0.008
0.007
0.009
0.012
0.011
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.003
0.014
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.009
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.007
D.004
3.008
3.007
0.004
3.004
3.010
3.009
3.009
0.007
3.009
3.013
3.008
3.012
Ca
03
0.3
03
03
03
0 '
03
0?
0?
0'
0'
n?
n?
(is
D'
0.3
0'
03
04
03
03
03
0?
03
0?
03
03
0?
03
'04
03
03
03
0.3
0,?
n?
0?
0?
03
0?
03
0,3
03
03
0.3
0?
0.2
03
03
0.2
0.2
03
0.7
.0.4
0.4
06
0.6
0?
0.1
18.8
0.3
Mq
0 1
m
0?
m
01
o-
n -
n -
on
m
01
01
00
0?
01
01
01
01
0?
01
01
m
n 1
01
01
01
01
m
01
0?
n 1
01
01
m
01
01
01
n 1
01
01
01
m
01
n?
01
01
00
0?
0?
0,1
0 1
01
08
01
0.1
05
0.5
01
0,0
30.8
0.1
Na
169.5
181.9
166.2
172.9
178.2
174.5
173.2
170.2
168.5
159.0
172.6
169.7
169.4
177.5
173.1
175.4
194.7
191.7
186.6
191.1
182.3
198.2
178.5
182.5
181.5
183.5
182.0
174.0
173.1
178.2
180.7
181.3
174.4
163.4
154.5
167.7
172.5
158.5
167.1
184.1
178.3
182.6
175.8
159.4
169.5
164.0
164.6
177.0
153.1
166.0
165.1
175.9
179.6
188.9
196.6
191.5
174.7
164.9
201.7
112.4
177.5
All units in mg/L.
113
-------
Table C-4. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of faucets, phase II study."
Faucet 1
i
i
Date
11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
1 12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/96
Days
7
10
14
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
_J70
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
,238
Cu
0.081
0.129
0.132
0.091
0.102
0.046
0.046
0.057
0.052
0.053
0.065
0.054
0.061
0.081
0.050
0.047
0.034
0.044
0.046
0.051
0.086
0.082
0.058
0.096
0.088
0.099
0.113
0.110
0.153
0.155
0.198
0.115
0.139
0.152
0.155
0.181
0.190
0.190
0.159
0.200
0.191
0.190
0.123
0.208
0.191
0.169
0.064
0.225
0.259
0.281
0.275
0.252
0.214
0.297
0.270
0.280
0.291
0.200
0.212
0.203
0.237
0.162
Pb
0.071
0.049
0.046
0.036
0.034
0.043
0.033
0.031
0.028
0.024
0.016
0.021
0.025
0.021
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.012
0.008
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0:006
0.005
0.007
0.008
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.004
0.002
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.010
0.009
0.009
0.007
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.006
Zn
0.097
0.155
0.284
0.446
0.514
0.525
0.457
0.611
0.651
0.709
0.691
0.855
1.079
0.917
0.877
1.007
0.787
1.065
1.240
0.970
1.160
1.137
0.858
1.119
1.594
1.386
1.237
1.161
1.205
1.228
1.332
0.838
0.945
1.068
1.161
1.191
0.854
0.868
0.762
0.939
0.738
0.897
0.967
0.844
0.808
0.234
0.089
0.760
0.503
0.956
1.048
1.012
0.660
1.062
0.967
0.764
0.940
0.662
0.605
0.701
0.775
0.533
Ca
8/.8
83.'
8b.8
/1.8
/4.b
/b.2
68.1
/O./
/4.1
/3./
74.6
/b.9
/b.2
81.8
81.8
82.2
81.6
80.6
9U./
t>8.U
/9.9
83.0
80.8
83.9
8b.b
99.2
92.6
86.8
8b.3
84.8
8b./
69.6
8/.2
84.8
96. /
91 .b
81.4
82.2
//.2
89.3
80.6
83.8
81.2
81.8
/9.4
/6.8
/4./
/9./
88.8
88.8
93.1
88. /
11A
87.8
87.1
86.4
86. /
8U.9
/8.b
/9.0
84.2
72.9
Mq
2b.1
24.2
24.0
20. /
21. fa
23.2
21.8
22.2
23.8
23.9
23.b
24.0
23.1
23.2
24.9
24.6
2b./
23.2
2b./
21.3
23.4
24.3
24.6
2b.9
26.3
29.0
26.3
2b.9
24.0
23.8
23.8
21.3
24.1
24.0
2/.0
2b.9
26.4
26.2
24.6
25.5
25.0
24.4
2b.1
24.2
23.b
23.0
22.3
22.9
24.6
24.6
24.7
23.0
22.4
24.1
24.0
24.3
26.0
23. /
22.6
21.5
23.6
21.2
Na
41.1
41.;
41.1
4fa.O
43.0
4b.1
42.3
41. 4
44V
4b.2
41.9
39.8
43.6
38.0
41.9
43.0
41.8
31.0
36.1
,38.4
43.8
4b.b
43.5
48.6
49.9
48.2
4/.b
49.1
48.3
49.2
51.2
41.6
42.4
40.8
45.2
48.4
42.4
43.8
40.2
42.4
36.7
43.7
45.1
40.0
38.4
43.4
3b.8
41.4
46.fa
4b.b
42.6
42.9
31.4
37.5
40.9
33.9
44.5
3/.2
36.4
35.9
38.6
32.7
Faucet 2
Date
11/23/9'
11/29/9'
12/02/9'
12/06/9'
12/08/9'
12/1 3/9-!
12/16/9'
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
37/18/95
Days
-
7
1C
1'
16
21
2^
2£
3C
36
3£
4;
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
238
Cu
4.23C
3.67C
3.322
3.04£
3.046
1.831
2.021
2.275
1.481
2.174
2.99C
3.281
4.907
4.111
3.135
3.51E
2.632
3.845
3.469
2.847
2.95E
3.08E
2.792
3.235
3.336
4.215
3.713
3.542
3.397
3.838
3.528
2.427
3.829
3.464
4.280
4.509
2.779
2.813
2.490
3.440
2.714
3.214
2.987
2.936
2.907
3.345
2.990
3.816
3.837
4.395
4.757
4.302
3.006
4.558
4.375
4.155
4.235
2.809
2.891
3.479
3.583
2.570
Pb
0.02'
0.02C
0.02E
0.01E
0.020
0.015
0.016
0.015
0.01;
0.01;
0.01 C
0.009
0.012
O.OOS
0.010
0.008
0.007
0.009
0.008
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.011
0.005
0.008
0.007
0.009
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.007
0.008
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
3.008
0.005
Zn
0.234
0.1 8C
0.161
0.128
0.111
0.101
0.074
0.072
0.055
0.043
0.038
0.038
0.043
0.030
0.025
0.027
0.030
0.031
0.025
0.017
0.015
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.008
0.017
0.014
0.009
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.004
0.009
0.010
0.009
0.013
0.007
0.012
0.011
0.016
0.014
0.014
0.019
0.012
0.011
0.013
0.009
0.007
0.015
0.015
0.015
0.016
0.010
0.035
0.015
0.012
0.014
0.011
0.011
0.014
0.008
0.012
r,a
o?
51 1
68 f
01
01
01
01
0?
331
fiflO
659
74.4
765
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
03
0.3
0.4
0.3
03
0.3
0.7
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.3
0,4
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.3
Mq
01
?5R
?4fi
00
00
00
0.0
m
??5
?47
???
223
??3
0.0
0?
0.2
0?
0.3
0.1
01
0.2
0.2
01
01
0.1
07
0.9
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0,1
0.1
01
0?
0.9
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0,1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
0,1
Na
173.1
73.7
45.3
153.7
154.9
161.9
150.0
152.2
63.3
44.9
41.7
37.2
41.8
172.2
178.0
180.4
177.4
174.7
160.0
154.3
160.0
173.9
178.6
185.4
186.9
202.8
187.9
183.1
172.4
181.8
180.4
152.5
182.5
170.5
193.7
192.0
177.0
179.3
170.1
175.1
165.1
173.7
175.3
166.9
161.3
159.5
150.2
168.7
187.9
193.6
187.8
176.7
165.5
176.3
179.8
166.4
199.4
169.4
167.4
167.2
170.5
165.9
* All units in mg/L.
114
-------
Table C-4. Results of analyses of non-softened standing water samples of faucets, phase II study.*
Faucet 1
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
0.194
0.204
0.180
0.152
0.169
0.197
0.161
0.198
0.179
0.160
0.203
0.182
0.181
0.189
0.185
0.226
0.233
0.210
0.223
0.222
0.205
0.191
0.178
0.196
0.204
0.197
0.202
0.186
0.183
0.183
0.203
0.281
0.229
0.223
0.232
0.232
0.223
0.224
0.237
0.268
0.231
0.249
0.246
0.219
0.249
0.223
0.195
0.271
0.254
0.291
0.268
0.251
0.289
0.279
0.281
0.227
0.235
0.218
0.250
0.273
0.294
Pb
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.007
0.007
0.011
0.010
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.008
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.004
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.009
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0;012
0.012
0.010
Zn
0.590
0.578
0.523
0.465
0.594
0.626
0.423
0.504
0.530
0.520
0.595
0.546
0.597
0.572
0.545
0.743
0.735
0.665
0.763
0.709
0.622
0.562
0.547
0.584
0.589
0.571
0.581
0.542
0.520
0.497
0.496
0.929
0.745
0.606
0.627
0.638
0.618
0.696
0.793
0.656
0.675
0.816
0.771
0,693
0.798
0.730
0.603
0.952
0.824
1.203
0.963
1.029
1.038
1.194
1.021
0.742
0.835
0.714
0.932
1.047
1.152
Ca
85.9
89.0
84.7
74.3
82.0
91.3
77.2
82.8
83.1
82.8
85.2
81.1
82.5
82.2
83.0
88.1
89.7
90.2
91.3
87.5
85.2
84.3
84.1
83.0
82.4
81.9
81.2
81.8
80.9
79.8
82.6
91.2
83.3
79.6
78.5
79.1
78.0
77.8
78.6
78.7
84.2
84.2
81.8
73.6
82.3
75.1
67.0
84.7
79.7
79.7
78.8
86.1
92.8
93.9
93.0
76.9
81.2
83.5
95.9
96.2
94.0
Mg
24.1
26.1
24.8
22.1
22.9
24.2
22.5
23.8
23.9
22.9
24.4
23.2
23.6
23.5
23.5
24.0
25.3
25.4
24.7
24.8
23.3
25.2
24.4
24.2
24.6
23.7
23.9
23.4
23.6
23.7
24.2
25.4
24.0
23.2
23.3
23.7
23.8
22.9
23.7
25.3
25.4
25.4
25.1
21.5
23.9
22.9
20.6
24.9
24.6
23.3
23.2
24.3
26.5
25.8
25.8
22.0
22.7
25.0
25.5
26.1
24.4
Na
35.4
40.4
37.9
35.7
37.3
40.1
38.1
39.4
39.3
33.0
37.7
38.1
36.4
38.1
37.5
42.1
43.0
44.5
41.3
45.4
49.4
49.4
43.2
44.2
46.4
43.6
43.9
42.2
42.1
43.0
42.7
36.4
40.4
37.6
37.1
38.0
39.6
35.6
38.1
42.4
39.8
39.7
36.6
33.5
36.7
35.8
31.6
37.2
39.3
33.3
33.3
36.5
39.9
44.5
45.8
42.0
41.4
40.6
49.8
45.2
42.1
Faucet 2
~
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
2.957
3.524
2.877
2.898
4.351
3.593
2.634
2.890
2.857
2.206
3.110
3.270
3.189
3.234
3.284
4.042
4.401
4.368
4.132
4.074
3.633
2.609
2.432
2.925
2.828
2.895
2.907
2.791
2.820
2.779
2.871
3.719
3.134
3.433
3.425
3.452
3.061
3.458
3.394
3.517
3.532
3.816
3.781
3.618
4.169
3.643
3.953
4.568
4.426
4.452
4.728
4.161
4.752
5.081
5.279
5.212
4.511
2.674
6.078
5.342
4.401
Pb
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.107
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.007
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.006
'0.006
0.004
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.006
0.003
0.004
0.007
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.006
0:007
0.005
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.003
Zn
0.011
0.015
0.011
0.011
0.018
0.015
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.013
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.014
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.013
0.014
0.009
0.016
0.016
0.009
0.013
0.008
0.009
0.011
0.008
0.011
0.008
0.011
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.005
0.002
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.005
0.004
0.003
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.004
0.006
0.010
0.009
0.009
0.007
0.008
0.013
0.008
O.Q12
Ca
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.2
.0.1
19.4
0.3
Mg
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
. 0.1
0.0
31.3
0.1
Na
162.7
184.2
180.4
171.1
190.0
174.9
173.2
174.8
161.6
155.6
170.9
172.0
169.8
176.6
170.7
188.8
193.6
197.1
183.7
188.5
184.1
197.2
176.8
184.8
181.0
180.1
184.9
176.5
174.0
173.7
181.4
182.9
174.0
171.7
165.7
169.6
173.6
167.1
164.4
181.2
178.4
179.1
176.3
158.5
172.2
161.5
168.9
177.2
172.6
158.0
167.5
174.7
177.4
-192.9
197.0
197.8
171.2
163.7
204.1
112.1
171.0
All units in mg/L.
115
-------
Table C-4a. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of faucets, phase II study.*
Faucet 1 Date
f 11/23/94
'11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
M2/08/94
12/13/94
1 12/16/94
_J_1 2/20/94
12/22/94
j 12/28/94
12/30/94
! 01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
i 01/26/95
I 01/31/95
! 02/02/95
_jJD2/p_7/95
* 02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
4 02/28/95
; 03/03/95
03/07/95
____j_03/08/95
: 03/14/95
: 03/16/95
03/21/95
' 03/23/95
03/28/95
i 03/30/95
i 04/04/95
04/06/95
.04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
, 04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
h 10
14
16
i—il
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
^_65
I 70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
L 107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
l_J40
142
147
149
154
156
' 161
168
170
t 175
177
* 182
, 189
191
j_ 196
i 198
*~2QZ
205
', 210
' 212
217
219
226
^__
; 233
• .238
Cu
0.150
0.150
0.129
0.119
0.142
0.036
0,030
0.051
0.036
0.034
0.045
0.041
0.044
0.170
0.115
0.156
0.086
0.163
0.190
0.169
0.153
0.158
0.120
0.186
0.201
0.230
10247
0.190
^0.265
0.272
0.266
0.189
0.249
0.240
0.282
0.285
0.219
0.228
0.202
0.280
0.202
0.232
0.227
0.213
0.037
0.250
0.217
0.212
t 0,240
; 0.280
0.287
I 0,278
, 0.198
+ 0.324
0.315
0.267
0.318
j 0.154
; 0.152
0.186
, 0.212
i 0.114
Pb
0.109
0.103
0.091
0.062
0.077
0.037
0.036
0.033
0.027
0.026
0.032
0.036
0.044
0.036
0.036
0.032
0.035
0.023
0.024
0.022
0.023
0.023
0.019
0.024
0.022
0.018
0.017
0.020
0.015
0.014
0.018
0.016
0.020
0.019
0.012
0.013
0.016
0.016
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.014
0.001
0.013
0.012
0.026
0.021
0.021
JX021
raoTTl
0.012
0.014
6.018
0.016
0.014
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.017
0.013
Zn
0.305
0.479
0.627
0.667
0.808
0.660
0.378
0.649
0.600
0.652
0.869
0.681
1.275
1.250
0.974
1.140
0.689
1.130
1.207
1.202
1.137
1.152
0.999
1.339
1.278
1.56.1
1.446
1.429
1.369
1.388
1.337
1.031
1.381
1.278
1.659
1.524
0.999
1.095
0.969
1.356
0.985
1.138
1.107
1.028
0.034
1.162
0.829
1.044
1.156
1.315
1.398
1.358
0.908
1.133
1.345
'1.087
1.277
0.853
0.774
0.923
1.016
0.629
Ca
3.0
50.4
56.4
0.4
Q-4
0.3
1.7
0.5
35.8
65.7
73.9
76,6
79.5
0.3
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.4
0.4
0.4
1.2
1.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
1.9
2.0
1.8
0.4
0.4
1.4
1.4
0.4
0.3
1.8
2.1
0.3
0.4
1.3
1.4
0.3
0.4
1.3
0.3
0.3
1.2
1.2
0.1
2.2
1.7
0.4
0.4
1.4
1.6
0.4
0.3
1.8
1.6
0.3
1.5
1.8
0.3
Mg
0.8
25.6
20.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.2
24.2
23.6
24.4
22.9
23.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.9
1.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.6
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
Q-1
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.5
0.7
0.1
Na
218.1
75.0
151.2
170.7
169.7
175.3
201.1
167.4
66.9
45.2
43.7
38.5
41.8
169.0
201.2
201.1
187.9
182.1
168.9
1-74.8
188.0
202.4
176.7
189.9
184.1
228.7
214.9
207.1
185.5
173.9
199.9
186.1
194.0
179.8
222.0
220.0
174.3
175.6
198.8
208.6
164.6
174.0
208.0
171.9
159.7
186.1
197.5
171.8
172.9
218.0
186.9
184.5
192.6
215.8
176.7
LJj5a3_
236.8
208.7
170.1
187.2
190.4
149.7
Faucet 2
Date
11/23/94
11/29/94
12/02/94
12/06/94
12/08/94
12/13/94
12/16/94
12/20/94
12/22/94
12/28/94
12/30/94
01/04/95
01/05/95
01/13/95
01/18/95
01/20/95
01/24/95
01/26/95
01/31/95
02/02/95
02/07/95
02/09/95
02/14/95
02/24/95
02/28/95
03/03/95
03/07/95
03/08/95
03/14/95
03/16/95
03/21/95
03/23/95
03/28/95
03/30/95
04/04/95
04/06/95
04/11/95
04/13/95
04/18/95
04/20/95
04/25/95
04/27/95
05/02/95
05/09/95
05/11/95
05/16/95
05/18/95
05/23/95
05/30/95
06/01/95
06/06/95
06/08/95
06/13/95
06/15/95
06/20/95
06/22/95
06/27/95
06/29/95
07/06/95
07/11/95
07/13/95
07/18/95
Days
1
7
10
14
16
21
24
28
30
36
38
43
44
52
57
59
63
65
70
72
77
79
84
94
98
101
105
107
112
114
119
121
126
128
133
135
140
142
147
149
154
156
161
168
170
175
177
182
189
191
196
198
203
205
210
212
217
219
226
231
233
238
Cu
0.277
0.180
0.203
0.151
0.152
0.064
0.077
0.109
0.096
0.077
0.115
0.080
0.116
0,283
0.187
0.006
0.115
0.280
0.330
0.303
0.344
0.325
6.252
0.351
0.358
0.494
0.420
0,415
0.367
0.408
0.379
0.267
0.422
0.383
0.488
0.504
0.347
0.354
0.294
0.470
0.312
0.382
0.323
0.271
0.038
0.332
0.271
0.223
0.281
0.341
0.409
0.384
0.238
0.445
0.393
0.438
0.427
0.194
0.192
0.266
0.266
0.128
Pb
0.080
0.051
0.065
0.040
0.041
0.033
0.030
0.025
0.026
0.017
0.015
0.016
0.020
0.021
0.042
0.610
0.017
0.022
0.020
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.012
0.010
0.017
0.013
0.013
0.011
0.014
0.011
0.010
0.013
0.011
0.014
0.015
0.010
0.009
0.012
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.013
0.001
0.012
0.010
0.029
0.020
0.020
0.021
0.013
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.011
0.009
0.009
0,012
0.014
0.008
Zn
0.281
0.339
0.530
0.583
0.655
0.573
0.579
0.601
0.635
0.588
0.726
0.465
1.182
1.170
1.106
0.012
0.613
1.035
1.186
1.117
1.207
1.158
0.977
1.269
1.323
1.570
1.429
1.415
1.289
1.428
1.375
0.958
1.435
1.315
1.532
1.594
1.056
1.102
0.910
1.324
1.010
1.185
1.096
0.978
0.039
1.156
0.831
1.154
1.105
1.286
1.456
1.279
0.890
0.934
1.304
1.404
1.296
0.869
0.851
0.933
1.130
0.732
Ca
2.4
48.9
58.4
0.4
0.3
0,2
1.4
0.5
39.4
70.4
72.8
74.8
79.4
0.4
1.3
0.8
1.0
1.2
0.4
0.4
1.2
1.2
0.3
0.4
0.4
1.7
1.9
1.6
0.3
0.4
1.2
1.1
0.4
0.3
1.7
1.8
0.3
0.4
,1.1
1.2
0.3
0.4
1.1
0.3
0.3
1.0
1.1
0.1
1.6
1.5
0.4
0.4
1.3
1.5
0.4
0.4
1.6
1.4
0.3
1.4
1.6
0.3
Mg
0.7
24.6
21.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
26.8
25.0
24.9
23.0
22.9
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.9
1.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.8
0.1
Na
208.9
73.8
137.2
177.8
169.7
172.2
195.7
162.6
74.4
47.7
46.2
40.2
41.4
168.0
193.1
180.8
175.7
177.9
169.8
169.2
204.2
202.2
176.0
186.4
191.4
226.3
216.4
214.0
176.0
178.8
192.6
172.2
195.7
177.7
222.3
214.9
176.4
180.7
185.9
210.8
167.1
179.1
207.5
169.1
157.9
191.7
191.2
168.3
176.2
218.1
187.6
191,4
194.2
205.5
177.4
172.9
229.3
213.1
174.3
185.6
191.7
159.1
* All units in mg/L.
116
-------
Table C-4a. Results of analyses of softened standing water samples of faucets, phase II study. *
Faucet 1
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
0.155
0.187
0.123
0.120
0.191
0.143
0.101
0.124
0.128
0.084
0.133
0.131
0.133
0.140
0.134
0.180
0.199
0.200
0.194
0.184
0.148
0.113
0.095
0.134
0.119
0.117
0.113
0.112
0.118
0.104
0.117
0.220
0.150
0.155
0.150
0.156
0.118
0.164
0.162
0.182
0.179
0.218
0.212
0.233
0.223
0.203
0.206
0.274
0.265
0.303
0.283
0.253
0.315
0.301
0.305
0.300
0.306
0.170
0.330
0.050
0.325
Pb
0.014
0.018
0.014
0.011
0.019
0.018
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.015
0:012
0.013
0.013
0.016
0.019
0.015
0.015
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.011
0.011
0.010
0.011
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.009
0.011
0.008
0.009
0.010
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.008
0.010
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.011
0.009
0.012
0.009
0.009
0.013
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.022
0.003
0.013
Zn
0.800
0.847
0.628
0.710
0.998
0.796
0.597
0.772
0.767
0.526
0.787
0.775
0.793
0.766
0.744
0.997
1.046
1.012
0.956
0.979
0.927
0.704
0.662
0.665
0.719
0.706
0.683
0.683
0.670
0.630
0.717
0.981
0.770
0.838
0.796
0.891
0.363
0.859
0.920
1.027
0.973
1.138
1.046
1.146
1.109
1.055
1.076
1.379
1.232
1.306
1.292
1.265
1.393
1.528
1.378
1.457
1.497
0.891
1.533
0.028
1.252
Ca
0.4
1.6
1.6
0.3
0.4
1.6
1.6
0.3
0.3
1.4
1.3
0.3
0.3
1.3
1.4
0.3
0.3
1.8
1.6
0.4
0.4
1.4
1.4
0.4
0.4
1.4
1.4
0.3
0.3
1.5
1.3
. 0.4
0.4
0.3
1.3
1.1
0.3
0.3
1.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.5
1.5
1.5
0.3
0.3
1.5
1.6
0.3
0.3
1.6
2.1
0.5
0.4
2.0
1.5
0.3
0.1
7.5
0.4
Mg
0.1
O.b
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
. 0.1
• 0.1
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.7
0.1
0.0
7.7
0.1
Na
178.0
228.8
195.8
166.5
203.6
195.0
199.2
177.6
181.5
175.5
194.6
160.5
170.9
199.6
188.1
175.8
196.6
218.3
211.5
192.6
181.1
218.0
204.1
192.0
188.1
208.4
207.0
179.7
181.1
200.7
195.3
186.1
173.9
170.4
201.1
196.3
170.0
166.5
194.4
176.8
188.4
183.1
213.5
218.3
215.3
170.1
162.2
205.3
216.7
168.0
163.3
207.0
228.2
199.8
202.5
242.1
220.4
167.8
199.5
282.6
186.8
Faucet 2
'.^•'
Date
07/20/95
07/25/95
07/27/95
08/01/95
08/03/95
08/08/95
08/10/95
08/15/95
08/17/95
08/22/95
08/24/95
08/29/95
08/31/95
09/05/95
09/07/95
09/12/95
09/14/95
09/19/95
09/21/95
09/26/95
09/28/95
10/03/95
10/05/95
10/10/95
10/12/95
10/17/95
10/19/95
10/24/95
10/26/95
10/31/95
11/02/95
11/07/95
11/09/95
11/21/95
11/28/95
11/30/95
12/05/95
12/07/95
12/12/95
12/19/95
12/21/95
12/29/95
01/05/96
01/09/96
01/11/96
01/16/96
01/18/96
01/23/96
01/25/96
01/30/96
02/01/96
02/06/96
02/08/96
02/13/96
02/15/96
02/20/96
02/22/96
02/27/96
03/05/96
03/07/96
03/12/96
Days
240
245
247
252
254
259
261
266
268
273
275
280
282
287
289
293
295
300
302
307
309
315
317
322
324
329
331
336
338
343
345
350
352
364
371
373
378
380
385
392
394
401
408
413
415
420
422
427
429
434
436
441
443
448
450
455
457
462
469
471
476
Cu
0.183
0.219
0.149
0.120
0.238
0.183
0.118
0.130
0.128
0.095
0.147
0.141
0.158
0.152
0.153
0.215
0.231
0.232
0.223
0.220
0.168
0.111
0.099
0.105
0.111
0.111
0.119
0.114
0.114
0.175
0.121
0.225
0.159
0.168
0.165
0.164
0.042
0.174
0.185
0.184
0.188
0.221
0.225
0.226
0.247
0.224
0.226
0.296
0.247
0.338
0.303
0.276
0.350
0.311
0.306
0.288
0.288
0.168
0.362
0.048
0.273
Pb
0.010
0.014
0.009
0.007
0.014
0.013
0.011
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.015
0.007
0.009
0.010
0.012
0.011
0.010
0.007
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.010
0.007
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.007
0.006
0.010
0.007
0.007
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.024
0.003
0.012
Zn
0.850
0.794
0.685
0.731
0.905
0.818
0.675
0.716
0.678
0.613
0.787
0.736
0.786
0.738
0.763
0.906
0.926
0.952
0.901
0.970
0.857
0.745
0.693
0.712
0.791
0.672
0.728
0.734
0.639
0.675
0.714
0.834
0.831
0.818
0.780
0.765
0.092
0.809
0.865
0.827
0.879
1.050
1.014
1.034
1.122
1.041
1.025
1.346
1.073
1.332
1.206
1.145
1.270
1.345
1.326
1.326
1.216
0.875
1.455
0.028
1.403
Ca
0.3
1.3
1.3
0.3
0.4
1.3
1.4
0.3
0.3
1.1
1.1
0.3
0.3
1.1
1.1
0.3
0.3
1.5
1.4
0.4
0.4
1.2
1.2
0.4
0.3
1.3
1.1
0.3
0.3
1.2
1.1
0.4
0.3
0.3
1.0
1.0
0.3
0.3
1.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
0.3
0.3
1.3
1.3
0.3
0.3
1.4
1.8
0.5
0.4
1.9
1.4
0.3
0.1
7.2
0.4
Mq
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.1
0.4
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.8
0.7
0.1
0.0
7.3
0.1
Na
177.2
199.3
193.8
180.8
190.7
187.3
200.0
172.7
179.3
177.8
195.7
166.0
168.8
192.1
180.5
183.3
195.7
208.2
207.1
188.6
182.1
216.9
210.7
188.2
188.1
206.0
202.8
180.0
177.5
192.0
198.0
190.6
182.0
168.8
193.9
190.7
171.3
162.5
187.4
181.9
181.0
180.1
215.3
204.0
210.0
168.5
167.6
203.1
191.9
167.2
158.8
202.1
225.6
199.0
209.7
232.1
210.6
171.8
201.6
269.7
192.3
All units in mg/L.
117
•&VS. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1998 - 650-001/80189
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