United States
                     Environmental Protection
                     Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
                     Research and Development
EPA/600/S2-91/060  Nov 1991
vxEPA       Project  Summary
                     Review of Energy  Efficiency of
                     Refrigerator/Freezer Gaskets
                     Majid Ghassemi and Howard Shapiro
                      The report gives results of an inves-
                     tigation of the significance of heat leak-
                     age through gaskets in household re-
                     frigerator/freezers, explores different
                     design features, and suggests further
                     study if necessary.
                      This Project Summary was developed
                     by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering
                     Research  Laboratory,  Research  Tri-
                     angle Park, NC, to announce key find-
                     ings of the research project that is fully
                     documented In a separate report of the
                     same title (see Project Report ordering
                     information at back).

                     Introduction
                      Home refrigerators are the largest con-
                     sumers of  electricity  among  household
                     appliances  and are consuming an esti-
                     mated 8% of the total electricity  used in
                     the U. S. Recent studies show that gasket
                     area heat leakage may  account for as
                     much as 21% of the total thermal load.
                      The purpose of this  study was to inves-
                     tigate the significance of heat leakage
                     through the gaskets in household refrig-
erator/freezers, explore  different design
features, and suggest further study if nec-
essary. This report presents the results of
an extensive literature review, interviews
with refrigerator/freezer and gasket manu-
facturers, and some engineering analysis.

Findings
  The findings of this study included:  1)
Manufacturers will likely incorporate im-
proved gasket technology in the 1993 mod-
els. 2) There is  little certainty about the
magnitude of gasket heat  leakage, al-
though most believe it is significant. The
significance will increase with introduction
of advanced types of insulation. 3) Double-
door gaskets do  not  offer much potential
due to several practical limitations and the
advancement in single-gasket technology.
4) Gasket  infiltration may cause a signifi-
cant portion of the load. 5) Safety require-
ments are critical for home refrigerator/
freezers. It is unlikely that a mechanical
door latching device would  meet these
requirements, even if it meets energy con-
servation goals.
                                                                     Printed on Recycled Paper

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  M. Ghassemi and H. Shapiro are with Iowa State University, Engineering
     Research Institute, Ames, IA 50011.
  Jane C. Bare is the EPA Project Officer (see  below).
  The complete report, entitled "Review of Energy Efficiency of Refrigerator/
     Freezer Gaskets," (Order No. PB92-106913/AS; Cost: $17.00, subject to
     change) will be available only from:
         National Technical Information Service
         5285 Port Royal Road
         Springfield, VA 22161
         Telephone: 703-487-4650
  The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
         Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
         U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
         Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
 United States
 Environmental Protection
 Agency
Center for Environmental
Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
      BULK RATE
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
 EPA PERMIT No. G-35
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA/600/S2-91/060

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