United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA/600/SR-93/083 July 1993
EPA Project Summary
Proceedings: The 1992
International Symposium on
Radon and Radon Reduction
Technology
Timothy M. Dyess, Compiler
The proceedings of the 1992 Interna-
tional Symposium on Radon and Ra-
don Reduction Technology are con-
tained in three volumes. Volume 1 con-
tains three opening session papers and
36 oral papers from Sessions I through
VI. Volume 2 contains 33 oral papers
from Sessions VII through XII. Volume
3 contains 37 poster papers for all Ses-
sions. The presentation of these pa-
pers provided an opportunity for and
stimulated the exchange of information
among participants on a variety of top-
ics relating to indoor radon and its con-
trol.
The Symposium was jointly spon-
sored by the EPA Air and Energy Engi-
neering Research Laboratory (AEERL),
the EPA Office of Radiation Programs
(ORP), and the Conference of Radia-
tion Control Program Directors
(CRCPD), Inc. The meeting was held in
Minneapolis, MM, on September 22-25,
1992. Participants included 385 indi-
viduals representing federal, state, and
local governments, radon measurement
companies, radon mitigation compa-
nies, research organizations, academia,
construction companies, real estate and
relocation companies, and school fa-
cilities.
This Project Summary was developed
by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC, to highlight key find-
ings of the symposium. The results of
recent research are fully documented
in the three volumes of the proceed-
ings by the same title. (Information for
ordering the full proceedings is at the
back of this Summary.)
Introduction
Cochairing the symposium were Timo-
thy M. Dyess of EPA-AEERL, Samuel W.
Poppell, Jr. of EPA-ORP, and Charles M.
Hardin of CRCPD. The Welcome Address
was given by Randall Johnson, Commis-
sioner of Hennepin County, MM. Lead
speakers were Margo Oge of EPA-Office
of Air and Radiation (OAR) and Friedrich
Steinhausler of the International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA). Both speakers ad-
dressed current issues in policy develop-
ment in the U.S. and in Europe. The Key-
note Address was delivered by F. Henry
(Hank) Habicht, II, Deputy Administrator
of the U.S. EPA. His speech identified
radon as a major priority of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, citing the find-
ings of a 1990 Science Advisory Board
that determined the human health risks
posed by indoor air radon to be the high-
est of ail environmental problems.
In all, 72 oral papers and 37 poster
papers were presented. The papers ad-
dressed a wide range of radon topics:
federal, state, and local government pro-
grams and policies, risk assessment stud-
ies, public action programs, measurement
methods, radon.reduction methods in ex-
isting and new houses, radon transport
and entry dynamics, survey results, geo-
logical data, radon in water, and radon
mitigation in schools and other large build-
ings.
Speakers included EPA personnel, rep-
resentatives from federal and state envi-
ronmental and health agencies, research
and development groups, academic and
medical personnel, manufacturers of test-
ing equipment, and those in the construc-
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
lion and real estate industries. The Sym-
posium attracted 385 attendees, including
representatives of 16 countries other than
the U.S.: Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Canada, Czechoslovakia, Finland, France,
Germany, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands,
Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan,
and the United Kingdom. The international
papers provided updates on government
policies, epidemiology studies, results of
radon measurement surveys, and techno-
logical developments in radon reduction
technology.
Session I, Radon-related Health Stud-
ies provided information on current health
effects and epidemiology studies to as-
sess the risk of indoor air radon. A paper
by the National Cancer Institute provided
results of a 2000 subject study to com-
pare two dosimetry techniques. Results of
changes in the way EPA assessed radon
risk were presented and included the use
of a nationally representative estimate of
public exposure to radon, the incorpora-
tion of the National Academy of Sciences
(NAS) comparative dosimetry of radon in
mines and homes, and the addition of a
quantitative analysis of the uncertainties
associated with the estimates of residen-
tial radon risk. A report from Australia
addressed the problems associated with
determining radon health risks when both
radon progeny and aerosols are present
in the indoor air. Other papers addressed
the possibility of radon to cause cancers
other than lung cancer and the possibility
of assessing past radon exposures through
In vivo measurements of Pb-210 in the
human skeleton. A German study con-
cluded, based on underground miner data,
that 4 to 12% of the total lung cancer
cases in the Federal Republic of Ger-
many are caused by indoor radon, ac-
counting for 1,000 to 3,000 lung cancer
deaths annually.
Session II, Federal Programs and Poli-
cies Relating to Radon, provided informa-
tion on the progress of U.S. radon pro-
grams and policies and indication of fu-
ture direction of EPA's radon program. A
presentation was made regarding the fu-
ture of the radon program in light of legis-
lative direction and recommendations of
the 1991-92 EPA Radon Program Review
Panel. Design of the updated "A Citizen's
Guide to Radon" was presented to inform
the audience on the 2-1/2 year process of
revising this document, and how it served
as a mechanism for building scientific and
policy consensus among various groups
interested by indoor radon. Development
of "Home Buyers and Sellers Guide to
Radon" was also presented. Updates were
presented of efforts being made to de-
velop mandatory mitigation techniques for
contractors listed with the Radon Contrac-
tor Proficiency (RCP) Program and for
new exam and proficiency categories for
individuals in the Radon Measurement Pro-
ficiency (RMP) Program. An EPA proposed
policy on the regulation of all public water
systems to limit radon levels to 300 pCi/L
in drinking water was also presented.
Session III, State and Local Programs
and Policies Relating to Radon, provided
information on the radon program and
policy experiences of state and local gov-
ernment entities. This included presenta-
tions on the efforts of Connecticut schools
to get guidance and assistance in the
evaluation and control of radon. Results
of a survey of New York state radon miti-
gation contractors indicated that real es-
tate transactions initiate the majority of
radon testing and mitigation activity, and
that active soil depressurization (ASD) sys-
tems are the most common mitigation strat-
egy. A paper was given by the EPA to
explain the concept of targeting to achieve
substantial risk reduction. An effort to tar-
get high risk areas through a "Model Coun-
ties" program was described in a paper
prepared by the National Association of
Counties.
Session IV, Creating Public Action, in-
cluded information on current federal and
state programs to motivate public aware-
ness and action on radon. The EPA pre-
sented information on a communication
model to target specific audiences with
meaningful, impactful radon messages.
Overcoming consumer denial of the risk
posed by radon was addressed by the
Consumer Federation of America in which
they described their grass roots effort to
influence consumer action. A presentation
by the Employee Relocation Council de-
scribed how the radon issue is addressed
in the context of corporate employee relo-
cations. The EPA also presented their co-
operative effort with the Advertising Coun-
cil to develop a radon awareness cam-
paign, develop campaign materials, and
evaluate methods and the results of the
nationwide radon advertising campaign.
Session V, Radon Measurement Meth-
ods, dealt with current and developing
technologies in the measurement of ra-
don and radon progeny. Recent revisions
to EPA radon measurement protocols were
presented, including expanded guidance
on quality assurance and revised informa-
tion on and classification of measurement
techniques. Another report described
promising results using filtered and
unfiltered alpha track detectors to mea-
sure both radon and radon progeny. An
evaluation of an improved EPA diffusion
barrier charcoal adsorber was described,
including its ability to integrate radon con-
centrations for 2 through 7 days. Other
papers in this session included descrip-
tion of a newly developed lung dose moni-
tor for radon progeny, the reliability of
recharged electrets, and the design of a
dynamic radon test chamber for testing
radon detectors.
Session VI, Transport and Entry Dy-
namics of Radon, focused on current work
in modeling and measurement of radon
transport through soil, radon entry into
structures, and interior house dynamics.
Radon entry into a basement structure
was described, indicating that 80% of ra-
don entry came through a combination of
the floor-wall joint and diffusion through
the concrete wall and floor. A numerical
model used to determine the performance
characteristics of sub-slab depressuriza-
tion and pressurization systems was de-
scribed. A presentation, on recent evalua-
tions of radon generation and transport
through Florida residential concretes, indi-
cated that elevated radium in the aggre-
gate has less impact on indoor radon con-
centrations than elevated radium in the
cement component. A physical model used
to understand the interactions between
the building leakage distribution and the
forces that drive infiltration and ventilation
was described, introducing the concept of
Radon Leakage Area to quantify a
building's resistance to radon entry. Two
presentations by the University of Florida
quantified the interaction of interior door
positions on the subsequent pressuriza-
tion and depressurization of rooms in a
residential building, and how naturally in-
duced radon entry can be reduced by
heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning
(HVAC) system operation. Other efforts to
model radon entry, using pilot-scale mod-
els, were described, including efforts by
EPA to simulate soil and foundation inter-
action.
Session VII, Radon Reduction Methods,
described various methods of reducing ra-
don levels in existing houses. A paper by
the University of Florida described results
of a nine house study to determine the
durability of 22- to 37-month old sub-slab
depressurization systems. An innovative
method to pressurize a basement, using a
secondary heat exchanger on a gas fur-
nace, was described. A presentation was
made on energy penalties associated with
operation of sub-slab depressurization sys-
tems in the Minneapolis, MN, area, con-
cluding that the average total energy costs
increased $75 per house. The results of
an in-house EPA study of radon reduction
techniques for crawl-space houses con-
-------
eluded that sub-membrane depressuriza-
tion is consistently the most effective tech-
nique, providing radon reductions of 80-
98% in the living area. Additional
crawlspace mitigatiqn studies in large build-
ings showed the results of crawlspace
pressurization and building interior pres-
surization on radon levels and energy
costs. A Canadian study of crawlspace
houses found a 60% reduction in indoor
radon levels where the crawlspace was
mechanically ventilated, compared to a
30% reduction for a naturally ventilated
crawlspace.
Sessions VIII, Radon Occurrence in the
Natural Environment, and IX, Radon Sur-
veys, provided results from studies of geo-
logic factors relating to radon phenomena
.and the results data collection used for
radon-potential mapping. Geologic data
were presented for the Swiss Jura moun-
tain region and the U.S. glaciated upper
midwest. Development of EPA's radon
potential map was also presented. A pa-
per described efforts by EPA to character-
ize the distribution of the radon problem in
the U.S. using complimentary sets of data
from the State/EPA Residential Radon
Survey and the National Residential Ra-
don survey. Results of EPA's National
School Radon Survey were presented, in-
dicating that of measurements made in
schools in 16 states, over half the schools
had at least one classroom with short-
term radon screening measurements that
exceeded EPA's action guideline of 4 pCi/
L.
Session X, Radon in Schools and Other
Large Buildings, presented information on
mitigation techniques and measurement
method development applicable to large
structures. Development of revised EPA
measurement protocols for schools was
presented, including information on the
development of training materials for
school personnel that will allow mainte-
nance personnel to test for radon. Results
of radon measurements in 167 school
buildings and 264 commercial buildings in
Columbus and Franklin, OH, counties
found that 47% of the schools and 16% of
the commercial buildings required mitiga-
tion. A presentation on the results of a 59-
unit radon measurement survey in a 26-
building complex found radon levels above
4 pCi/L in units on all floor levels of the
buildings. Results of modeling efforts, us-
ing the CONTAM88 computer simulation
program on a 12-story residential building,
were presented and included comparisons
of two radon source terms, indoor-outdoor
temperature differences, and exterior wall
leakage values on radon transport and
radon concentration distributions. A pre-
sentation was made on the effects of in-
creasing ventilation rates to mitigate large
buildings and improve overall indoor air
quality. Diagnostic measures applied to a
Belgian school were described, and in-
cluded the results of using building pres-
surization as a mitigation technique. Miti-
gation techniques for a difficult-to-mitigate
school were presented and included the
use of a high-vacuum axial-flow fan for
active soil depressurization in a Maine
school building with low permeability
subslab material. Other papers in this ses-
sion addressed application of HVAC and
active soil depressurization methods to
school buildings, and addressed assess-
ment methods for measuring other indoor
air contaminants in school buildings. A
status of EPA's development of techniques
for new radon-resistant large building con-
struction was also presented.
Session XI, Radon Prevention in New
Construction, provided the latest technol-
ogy and results of constructing radon-re-
sistant housing. Oak Ridge National Labo-
ratory presented the effects of passive
radon-resistant construction techniques on
lowering indoor radon levels, finding that
passive measures failed to reduce radon
concentrations in the subject house to be-
low the EPA action level of 4 pCi/L. The
limitations of using a modified residential
furnace to pressurize a basement space
were discussed in an EPA-sponsored pa-
per, indicating that homeowner actions can
defeat such a system and result in in-
creased indoor radon levels. A passive
stack flow rate model was presented as a
tool to evaluate the passive stack method
of radon mitigation, indicating that suc-
cess of such systems would rely on im-
proved pressure field extension and re-
duction of pressure differential between
house interior and subslab.
Session XII, Radon in Water, covered
various aspects of radon in water, includ-
ing risk assessments, surveys, and mea-
surement methods. A survey of wells in
Connecticut found temporal variations in
the radon concentrations of well water. A
survey of Norwegian we|ls found high con-
centrations of radon in the granite areas
located in the southeastern part of the
country. Development of a portable instru-
ment used to measure radon in water at
the site of collection was also presented.
Volume 1 — Papers
Volume 1 contains papers that were
delivered for the opening session and key-
note address. It also contains 36 technical
papers presented orally in the six ses-
sions listed below. The titles, principal au-
thors, and affiliations are listed below for
each session.
Opening Session
Achieving Environmental Results
Margo Oge, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Office of Air and Ra-
diation
Managing Risk from Natural Radiation, In-
ternational Scientific-technical and Regu-
latory Approaches to Radon Control
Friedrich Steinhausler, International
Atomic Energy Agency, Austria
Keynote Address
F. Henry Habicht, II, Deputy Adminis-
trator, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
Session I: Radon-Related Health
Studies
Preliminary Radon Dosimetry from the Mis-
souri Case-Control of Lung Cancer Among
Non-Smoking Women
Michael C.R. Alavanja, National Can-
cer Institute
Rationale for a Targeted Case-Control
Study of Lung Cancer Among Nonsmok-
ers
Mark Upfal, Wayne State University
EPA's Current Estimates of Residential
Radon Risk
Marion Ceraso, EPA - Office of Radia-
tion Programs
Interaction of Radon Progeny and the En-
vironment and Implications as to the Re-
sulting Radiological Health Hazard
Lidia Morawska, Queensland Univer-
sity of Technology, Australia
Does Radon Cause Cancers Other Than
Lung Cancer? (Abstract)
Sarah Darby, Imperial Cancer Research
Fund, UK
Measurements of Pb-210 In Vivo: to As-
sess Cumulative Exposure and Estimate
Effective Lung Dose From Inhalation of
Radon and Radon Progeny
Gerard Laurer, NYU Institute of Envi-
ronmental Medicine
The German Indoor Radon Study - An
Intermediate Report After Two Years of
Field Work
Lothar Kreienbrock, University of
Wuppertal, Germany
Session II: Federal Programs and
Policies Relating to Radon
Establishing a Consensus for Action with
"A Citizen's Guide to Radon" and Other
Lessons for Voluntary Health and Envi-
ronmental Protection Programs
Michael Walker, EPA - Office of Radia-
tion Programs
-------
Profile of Region 5's Tribal Radon Pro-
gram (1987-1992)
Katherine Woo, EPA - Region 5
The Development of the Home Buyers
and Sellers Guide to Radon
Sarita Hoyt, EPA - Office of Radiation
Programs
EPA Mitigation Standards - A Status Re-
port
David M. Murane, EPA - Office of Ra-
diation Programs
EPA Radon Measurement Proficiency
(RMP) Program: New Exam and Listing
for Individuals
G. Lee Salmon, EPA - Office of Radia-
tion Programs
Regulation of Radon in Drinking Water
Janet Auerbach, EPA - Office of Drink-
ing Water
The Radon Response to the 1992 EPA
Radon Review
Stephen D. Page, EPA - Office of Ra-
diation Programs
Session III: State and Local
Programs and Policies Relating to
Radon
Radon In Schools: The Connecticut Expe-
rience
Alan J. Siniscalchi, State of Connecticut
Trends In the Radon Service Industry in
New York State
Mark R. Watson, New York State En-
ergy Office
Targeting In The Radon Program
Kimberly Green, EPA - Office of Radia-
tion Programs
How Counties Can Impact the Radon
Problem
Don Willhoit, Board of Commissioners,
Orange County, NC
Session IV: Creating Public Action
EPA's Radon Action Program: A Strategy
for Social Change
Dennis Wagner, EPA - Office of Radia-
tion Programs
Activating Health Professionals at the Lo-
cal Level
Lily Lopez, American Public Health As-
sociation
Translating Awareness Into Consumer
Action
Mary Ellen Fise, Consumer Federation
of America
Radon Media Campaign
Dennis Wagner, EPA - Office of Radia-
tion Programs
Session V: Radon Measurement
Methods
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Indoor Radon Measurement Device Pro-
tocols - Technical Revisions
Melinda Ronca-Battista, Scientific and
Commercial Systems Corporation
A Performance Evaluation of Unfiltered
Alpha Track Detectors
William M. Yeager, Research Triangle
Institute
An Evaluation of the Performance of the
EPA Diffusion Barrier Charcoal Adsorber
for Radon-222 Measurements in Indoor
Air
David Gray, EPA - Office of Radiation
Programs
A Lung Dose Monitor for Radon Progeny
H. A. Wright, Consultec Scientific, Inc.
Stability and Response to Radon of New
and Recharged Electrets
William G. Buckman, Western Kentucky
University
Design and Performance of a Low-Cost
Dynamic Radon Test Chamber for Rou-
tine Testing of Radon Detectors
P. Kotrappa, Rad Elec. Inc.
Session VI: Transport and Entry
Dynamics of Radon
Characterization of 222-Rn Entry into a
Basement Structure Surrounded by Low
Permeability Soil
T. B. Borak, Colorado State University
Relative Effectiveness of Sub-Slab Pres-
surization and Depressurization Systems
for Indoor Radon Mitigation: Studies with
an Experimentally Verified Numerical
Model
Ashok J. Gadgil, Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory
Data and Models for Radon Transport
Through Concrete
Vern Rogers, Rogers & Associates En-
gineering Corporation
Simplified Modeling for Infiltration and Ra-
don Entry
Max Sherman, Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory
The Effect of Interior Door Position and
Methods of Handling Return Air on Differ-
ential Pressures in a Florida House
Arthur C. Kozik, University of Florida
Building Dynamics and HVAC System Ef-
fects on Radon Transport in Florida
Houses
David Hintenlang, University of Florida
Radon Entry Studies in Test Cells
C. S. Fowler, Southern Research Insti-
tute
Model Based Pilot Scale Research Facil-
ity for Studying Production, Transport, and
Entry of Radon Into Structures
R. B. Mosley, EPA - Office of Research
and Development (AEERL)
Volume 2 — Papers
Volume 2 contains 33 technical papers
presented orally in the six sessions listed
below. The titles, principal authors, and
affiliations are listed below for each ses-
sion.
Session VII: Radon Reduction
Methods
Durability of Sub-Slab Depressurization
Radon Mitigation Systems in Florida
Houses
C. E. Roessler, University of Florida
A Novel Basement Pressurization-Energy
Conservation System for Residential Ra-
don Mitigation
K.J. Renken, University of Wisconsin-
Milwaukee
The Energy Penalty of Sub-Slab Depres-
surization Radon Mitigation Systems
Lester S. Shen, University of Minne-
sota
Design of Radon ReductionTechniques for
Crawl-Space Houses: Assessment of the
Existing Data Base
D. Bruce Henschel, EPA. - Office of
Research and Development (AEERL)
Multi-Pollutant Mitigation by Manipulation
of Crawlspace Pressure Differentials
Bradley H. Turk, Mountain West Tech-
nical Associates
Two Experiments on Effects of Crawlspace
Ventilation on Radon Levels in Energy
Efficient Homes
T. D. Sterling, Simon Fraser University,
Canada
Session VIII: Radon Occurrence
in the Natural Environment
Indoor Radon and the Radon Potential of
Soils
Daniel J. Steck, St. John's University
Nature and Extent of a 226-Ra Anomaly
in the Western Swiss Jura Mountains
Heinz Surbeck, University Perolles,
Switzerland
Geological Radon Potential of the Glaci-
ated Upper Midwest
R. Randall Schumann, U. S. Geologi-
cal Survey
-------
Development of EPA's Map of Radon
Zones
Sharon Wirth White, EPA - Office of
Radiation Programs
Session IX: Radon Surveys
Comparing the State/EPA and National
Residential Radon Surveys
Jeffrey Phillips, EPA - Office of Radia-
tion Programs
Radon Testing in North Dakota Day Care
Facilities
Arlen L. Jacobson, North Dakota State
Department of Health
Ventilation, Climatology and Radon Activ-
ity in Four Minnesota Schools
Tim Burkhardt, Health and Environmen-
tal Digest
Results of EPA's National School Radon
Survey
Jeffrey L Phillips, EPA - Office of Ra-
diation Programs
Session X: Radon in Schools and
Other Large Buildings
EPA's Revised Radon Measurement In
Schools
Chris Bayham, EPA - Office of Radia-
tion Programs
Elevated Indoor Radon Levels in Com-
mercial Buildings, Schools, and Resi-
dences in Columbus and Franklin County
and Incidence of Lung Cancer
Harry Grafton, Columbus, Ohio, Health
Department
Iowa Multiresidential Building Radon Study
James Cain, Iowa State University
Modeling Radon Transport in Multi-Story
Residential Buildings
Andy Persily, National Institute of Stand-
'ards and Technology
Meeting Ventilation Guidelines While Con-
trolling Radon in Schools
Eugene Fisher, EPA - Office of Radia-
. tion Programs
Radon Reduction in a Belgian School:
From Research to Application
P. Cohilis, Belgian Building Research
Institute, Belgium
Multiple Mitigation Approaches Applied to
a School with Low Permeability Soil
D. Bruce Harris, EPA - Office of Re-
search and Development (AEERL)
General Indoor Air Investigations in
Schools with Elevated Radon Levels
Terry Brennan, Camroden Associates
Comparison of ASD and HVAC System
Control in School Buildings
Bobby E. Pyle, Southern Research In-
stitute
Effectiveness of HVAC Systems for Ra-
don Control in Schools
Kelly W. Leovic, EPA - Office of Re-
search and Development (AEERL)
Radon Prevention in the Construction of
Schools and Other Large Buildings - Sta-
tus of EPA's Program
Alfred B. Craig, EPA - Office of Re-
search and Development (AEERL)
Session XI: Radon Prevention in
New Construction
The Effect of Radon-Resistant Construc-
tion Techniques in a Crawispace House
C. S. Dudney, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
Performance of Slabs as Barriers to Ra-
don in 13 New Florida Homes
James L. Tyson, Florida Solar Energy
Center
An Evaluation of Radon Resistant New
Construction Techniques and Practical
Limits of Radon-reduction Using a Modi-
fied Residential HVAC System
Mike Clarkin, Camroden Associates
A Simplified Analysis of Passive Stack
Flow Rate
Pah I. Chen, Portland State University
Factors That Influence Pressure Field Ex-
tension in New Residential Construction:
Experimental Results
R. Prill, Washington State Energy Of-
fice
Evaluating Radon-Resistant Construction
Practices in Florida
Harry E. Rector, GEOMET Technolo-
gies, Inc.
Session XII: Radon in Water
Risk Assessment Implications of Tempo-
ral Variation of Radon and Radium Well
Water Concentrations
Alan J. Siniscalchi, State of Connecti-
cut
Radon in Tap Water from Drilled Wells in
Norway
Terje Strand, National Institute of Ra-
diation Hygiene, Norway
A Rapid On-site Detector of Radon in
Water
Lee Grodzins, Niton Corporation
Volume 3 — Poster Papers
Volume 3 contains 37 technical poster
papers presented for the sessions listed
below. There were no poster presenta-
tions for Sessions I, II, and IV. The titles,
principal authors, and affiliations are listed
below for each session.
Session III: State and Local
Programs and Policies Relating to
Radon
The Radon Health Effects Committee Re-
port and Its Consequences: Getting Re-
sults in Radon Policy Development
K.A. Coleman, Washington State De-
partment of Health
Washington State's Innovative Grant:
School Radon Action Manual
Linda B. Chapman, Washington State
Department of Health
Teaming Up on Local Radon Issues
Robert Leker, North Carolina State Uni-
versity
Session V: Radon Measurement
Methods
Evaluation of the Performance of Alterna-
tive Short-term Radon Testing Procedures
in U.S. Homes
Harry Chmelynski, S. Cohen & Associ-
ates
Operational Evaluation of a Continuously
Updating Radon Monitor
Emilio B. Braganza III, EPA - Office of
Radiation Programs
Measurements of Indoor Thoron Levels
and Disequilibrium Factors
Yanxia Li, New Mexico Institute of Min-
ing and Technology
Comparison of Continuous and Occupancy
Time Radon Measurements in One Hun-
dred Schools Using Programmable E-
Perms
Marvin Haapala, Clemson University
Indoor Radon In New York State Schools
Susan Van Ort, New York State De-
partment of Health
Session VI: Transport and Entry
Dynamics of Radon
Determination of Minimum Cover Thick-
ness for Uranium Mill Tailings Disposal
Cells
D. W. Andrews, CWM Federal Environ-
mental Services, Inc.
A Mathematical Model Describing Radon
Entry Aided by an Easy Path of Migration
Along Underground Channels
R. B. Mosley, EPA - Office of Research
and Development (AEERL)
-------
Stack Effect and Radon Infiltration
Craig DeWitt, Clemson University
.Session VII: Radon Reduction
Methods
Radon Mitigation Systems - A Liability in
Cold Climate Homes?
Kenneth D. Wiggers, American Radon
Services, Ltd.
Why We Like Diagnostics
John W. Anderson, Quality Conserva-
tion
An Approach to Computer-Assisted Ra-
don Mitigation
Hormoz Zarefar, Portland State Univer-
sity
Radon Control - Field Demonstrations: Di-
agnostic and Mitigation Techniques Used
in Twenty-six Radon Field Workshops
C. E. Kneeland, New York State En-
ergy Office
Radon Mitigation at Superfund Remedial
Action Sites Field Experience and Results
Jean-Claude Dehmel, S. Cohen & As-
sociates
Dose and Risk Projection for Use of Sub-
Slab Radon Reduction Systems Under
Realistic Parameters
Larry Jensen, EPA - Region 5
Session VIII: Radon Occurrence
in the Natural Environment
Soil Radon Potential Mapping and Valida-
tion for Central Florida
Kirk K. Nielson, Rogers and Associates
Engineering Corp.
Correlation of Indoor Radon Screening
Measurements with Surficial Geology Us-
ing Geographic Information Systems
Charles Schwenker, New York State
Department of Health
A Radon "Pipe"(?) in the Brevard Fault
Zone Near Atlanta, Georgia
L. T. Gregg, Atlanta Testing & Engi-
neering
Session IX: Radon Surveys
Summary of Regional Estimates of Indoor
Screening Measurements of 222-Rn
Barbara Alexander, Research Triangle
Institute
Texas Residential Radon Survey
Charles Johnson, Southwest Texas
State University
Quality Assurance in Radon Surveys
William M. Yeager, Research Triangle
Institute
Radon in Houses Around the Plomin Coal
Fired Power Plant
N. Lokobauer, University of Zagreb,
Croatia
Islandwide Survey of Radon and Gamma
Radiation Levels in Taiwanese Homes
Ching-Jiang Chen, Taiwan Atomic En-
ergy Council
Radon Concentrations in Buildings in East
Germany - Investigation Programmes and
Results
R. Lehmann, Department of Radiation
Protection, Federal Republic of Ger-
many
Session X: Radon in Schools and
Other Large Buildings
Solar Fresh Air Ventilation for Radon Re-
duction
Monty Holmes, Intermountain Radon
Service
Characteristics of School Buildings in the
U.S.
Harry J. Chmelynski, S. Cohen & As-
sociates
Radon in Schools in Wisconsin
Conrad Weiffenbach, State of Wiscon-
sin
Radon Survey of Oregon Public Schools
George L. Toombs, Oregon Health Di-
vision
Investigation of Foundation Construction
Details to Facilitate Subslab Pressure Field
Extension in Large Buildings
Mike Clarkin, Camroden Associates
Session XI: Radon Prevention in
New Construction
Combined Ventilation and Radon Control
System for Houses
David Saum, Infiltec
Radon Remediation and Life Safety Code
Lyle Sheneman, Chem-Nuclear Geotech,
Inc.
Session XII: Radon in Water
Radon in Water Measurements Using a
Collector - Bubbler
Robert E. Dansereau, New York State
Department of Health
Continuous Measurement of the Radon
Concentration in Water Using Electret Ion
Chamber Method
S. K. Dua, Clarkson University
Performance Testing the WD200 Radon
in Water Measurement System
George Vandrish, Instruscience Ltd.,
Canada
Temporal Variations in Bedrock Well Wa-
ter Radon and Radium, and Water Radon's
Effect on Indoor Air Radon
Nancy McHone, Connecticut Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection
&U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1993 - 750-071/80017
-------
-------
Timothy M. Dyess is the EPA Project Officer (see below)
The complete report consists of three volumes entitled "Proceedings: The 1992
International Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technology,"
"Volume 1. Symposium Oral Papers, Opening Session and Technical Sessions
I through VI," (Order No. PB93-196 194; Cost: $61.00, subject to change).
"Volume2. Symposium Oral Papers, Technical Sessions VII through XII," (Order
No. PB93-196202; Cost: $61.00, subject to change).
"Volume 3. Symposium Poster Papers, Poster Sessions - All Sessions," (Order
No. PB93-196210; Cost: $61.00, subject to change).
The above reports will-be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
BULK RATE
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
EPA
PERMIT No. G-35
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
EPA/600/SR-93/083
------- |