United States
               Environmental Protection
               Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
               Research and Development
EPA/600/SR-94/022   April 1994
EPA      Project Summary
               Proceedings:  Pollution Prevention
               Conference  on  Low-  and  No-VOC
               Coating Technologies
               Coleen M. Northeim and Ella Darden
                The report documents a conference
              that provided a forum for the exchange
              of technical information on coating
              technologies.  It focused on improved
              and emerging technologies that result
              in fewer volatile organic  compound
              (VOC) and toxic air emissions than tra-
              ditional coating emissions. Among the
              new  products and improvements fo-
              cused on were an electrophoretic u re-
              thane coating, a zero-VOC house paint,
              and developments involving such inor-
              ganic polymers as zinc silicates and
              silicones. Coatings for such substrates
              as metal (aerospace), wood (furniture),
              plastic, foil, and concrete were also dis-
              cussed.
                This Project Summary was developed
              by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering
              Research Laboratory,  Research  Tri-
              angle Park,  NC, to announce key find-
              ings of the research project that is fully
              documented in a separate report of the
              same title (see Project Report ordering
              information  at back).

              Introduction
                Surface coating operations release ap-
              proximately 19% of stationary area source
              volatile organic compound (VOC) emis-
              sions. Many of these sources cannot be
              impacted by  add-on  controls at a reason-
              able  cost due to their small  size and/or
              the difficulty of capturing emissions. The
              reduction of solvent emissions from archi-
              tectural and  other coatings continues to
              rely on prevention technologies, such as
              the  replacement of VOC with water or
              nonphotochemically reactive solvents, the
              use of high  solids coatings, or improve-
              ment of the  efficiency of transfer of the
coating to the coated surface.  In current
practice, reformulation  with nonphoto-
chemically reactive solvents may lead to
other environmental problems,  such  as
increased toxicity,  greater stratospheric
ozone depletion potential, and worsened
multimedia effects.
  A conference, "Pollution Prevention Con-
ference  on  Low-  and  No-VOC Coating
Technologies," was held May 25-27, 1993,
in San Diego, CA.  The conference was
sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle
Institute (RTI), and the American Institute
for Pollution Prevention (AIPP). The con-
ference provided a forum for the exchange
of technical information  on coating tech-
nologies. Specifically, the conference fo-
cused on improved and emerging tech-
nologies  that result in fewer  VOC and
toxic air emissions than traditional coating
systems.
  Approximately 230 people attended the
conference: about 50% were from indus-
try, 40% from government, and 10% from
consulting firms and universities. There
were three registrants each from Taiwan
and the United  Kingdom; and one  each
from Sri  Lanka, Norway, and the Philip-
pines. Conference registrants are listed in
Appendix A of the  proceedings.
  Approximately 40 technical papers were
presented at the conference, divided into
11  sessions focusing on such topical ar-
eas as coating technologies, specific coat-
ing  applications and case studies, appli-
cation equipment,  and pollution preven-
tion concepts. Several papers focused on
new products and  improvements in these
areas, such as an electrophoretic urethane
coating,  a zero-VOC house paint, and de-

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velopments involving inorganic polymers
such as zinc silicates and silicones. Coat-
ings for substrates, such as metal (aero-
space), wood (furniture), plastic, foil,  and
concrete, were also discussed.

Conference Program
  Portions of the conference program fol-
low,  including the session topics, paper
titles, and authors.   The  project report
includes copies of the presented papers
that  were  submitted for inclusion  in the
proceedings.

Conference Scope
  The  purpose of this conference is to
provide a forum for the exchange of tech-
nical information on coating technologies.
One of the primary objectives of the con-
ference will be the presentation and  dis-
cussion of improved  coating technologies
that  result in fewer volatile organic com-
pound (VOC) and toxic air emissions.  The
conference is designed to benefit coating
manufacturers and users and representa-
tives of government,  academia, environ-
mental groups,  and other research  and
development organizations.  Research and
case studies will  be  presented that are
specifically applicable to the architectural
and  industrial maintenance (AIM), aero-
space,  automotive, wood  furniture,  and
printing industries. The sessions will con-
sist of technical paper presentations  and
are planned to allow for discussion peri-
ods and active participation by all attend-
ees.

          Tuesday, May 25

Session 1: Opening Session,  Modera-
  tor-Coleen M. Northeim, RTI

  8:15 a.m.
  Welcome by  Richard  J. Sommerville,
  Air Pollution Control Officer,  San Diego
  County Air Pollution District, San Diego,
  CA

  8:30 a.m.
  Keynote  by Paul  Eisele,  Director of
  Health Safety & Environmental Affairs,
  Masco Corporation, Taylor, Ml

  9:00 a.m.
  Coating Research  in  the U.S.  EPA's
  Organics Control  Branch,  Michael
  Kosusko, U.S. Environmental Protection
  Agency, Air and  Energy Engineering
  Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
  Park, NC

  9:20 a.m.
  Using Life-Cycle Analytical Techniques
  to Assess Alternative Coating Systems,
  Keith A.  Weitz  and  John  Warren
  (Speaker), Research Triangle  Institute,
  Research Triangle Park, NC

Session 2: Technologies, Moderator-
  Robert McCrillis,  U.S. EPA/AEERL

  10:00 a.m.
  Radiation  Curing Technology:  Ultravio-
  let and Electron Beam Processing, Ri-
  chard Stowe, Fusion UV Curing Sys-
  tems, Rockville,  MD

  10:30 a.m.
  Environmental Compliant Thermoplas-
  tic Powder Coating, David  F.  Eliicks,
  Department of the Air Force, Air Force
  Corrosion  Program Office, Robins AFB,
  GA

  11:00 a.m.
  Supercritical Fluid Spray Application of
  Low-Pollution Coatings for Plastic Sub-
  strates,  Wayne  Miller and Kenneth
  Nielsen,  Union  Carbide  Corporation,
  South  Charleston,  WV,  and Tom
  Morrison,  Red Spot Paint &  Varnish,
  Evansville, IN

  11:30 a.m.
  Utilizing  Dispersion  Resins  with
  Inorganci  Solids in  a  New Formulary
  Blending Process  to Achieve Synergis-
  tic Results of Performance  (Expanded
  Abstract),  Philip W. Coscia,  Resources
  Conservatory International, Gustine, CA

Session 3: Powder  Coatings,
  Moderator-Richard  Sayad, Dow
  Chemical Company

  1:15 p.m.
  Advantages  of Powder Coating, Albert
  Holder, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
  Annapolis, MD

  1:45 p.m.
  Aerospace Applications for  Powder
  Coating  at Hughes Aircraft Company,
  Larry Brown,  Hughes Missile Systems
  Company, Tucson, AZ

  2:15 p.m.
  Fluoropolymer Coatings for Architectural,
  Automotive and General Industrial Ap-
  plications, David  M.  Grafflin,   Evodex
  Powder Coatings,  Birmingham, AL

Session 4: Federal  Programs,
  Moderator-John Warren, RTI

  3:00 p.m.
  US Navy Compliance to Shipbuilding
  and Ship Repair Environmental Regula-
  tions, Alex Kaznoff, Naval Sea Systems
  Command, Arlington, VA

  3:30 p.m.
  Low-VOC Coatings Developed by DOE
  for  Environmentally Conscious Manu-
  facturers, Mark D. Smith, Allied Signal,
  Inc., Kansas City, MO

  4:00 p.m.
  The Precedent-Setting Use of a Pollu-
  tion Prevention Project in an EPA En-
  forcement Settlement,  David  Nelson,
  EnviroSearch International,  Salt  Lake
  City,  UT,  and  James J.  Periconi,
  Donovan Leisure Newton  and Irvine,
  New York, NY

  4:30 p.m.
  Army Pollution Prevention Success Sto-
  ries, Jack Hurd, Army Acquisition Pollu-
  tion Prevention Support Office, Alexan-
  dria, VA, and  Mark W. Ingle,  Ocean
  City Research Corporation, Arlington, VA

         Wednesday, May 26

Session 5: Encouraging Pollution
  Prevention,  Moderator-Coleen
  Northeim, RTI

  8:00 a.m.
  Pollution Prevention Opportunities in
  Coatings: Educating Those who are
  Responsible for This Task, Robert B.
  Pojasek, GEI Consultants, Inc.,
  Winchester, MA

  8:30 a.m.
  Economic Incentives to Stimulate the
  Development and Diffusion of Low-
  and No-VOC Coating Technologies,
  Brian Morton, Research Triangle
  Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC,
  and Bruce Madariaga,  U.S. Environ-
  mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
  Quality Planning and Standards,
  Research Triangle Park, NC

  9:00 a.m.
  Pollution Prevention in  the Wood
  Refinishing Industry, Azita Yazdani,
  Pollution Prevention International,  Inc.,
  Brea, CA

  9:30 a.m.
  The Importance of Product Steward-
  ship and its Impact on  Pollution
  Prevention, Richard Sayad, Dow
  Chemical Company, Midland, Ml

Session 6: Inorganic Coatings,
  Moderator-Vic Young, Waste
  Reduction Resource Center

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  10:15 a.m.
  Long-Term Corrosion Protection With
  Single-Coat, High-Ratio Zinc Silicate,
  Parke Schaffer, Jr., Inorganics Coat-
  ings, Inc., Malvern, PA

  10:45 a.m.
  Two Surprises From an Inorganic Zinc-
  Rich Silicate Coating, C. William
  Anderson, Marine Environmental
  Research, Inc., Morehead City, NC

  11:15 a.m.
  A New Inorganic Coating for Magne-
  sium Alloys With Superior Corrosion
  Resistance, Alex J. Zozulin, Technol-
  ogy Applications Group, Inc., Grand
  Forks, ND, and Duane  E. Bartak,
  University of Northern Iowa, Cedar
  Falls, IA

  11:45 a.m.
  Inorganic Chemistry as an Option for
  Formulating High Solids, Low- and
  Zero-VOC Architectural and Industrial
  Maintenance Coatings, Christine L.
  Stanley and Raymond Foscante,
  Ameron, Brea, CA

Session 7: High Solids & Water Based
  Coatings, Moderator-Wade Ponder,
  U.S. EPA/AEERL

  1:30 p.m.
  The Development of Practical Zero-
  VOC Decorative Paints, Richard
  Tuckerman and David W. Maurer,
  Glidden Company, Cleveland, OH

  2:00 p.m.
  New Environmentally Acceptable Metal
  Coating Systems, Peter C. Ryder,
  Hawking International Limited, United
  Kingdom, and Peter Hope, LVH
  Coatings Limited, United Kingdom

  2:30 p.m.
  Water-Reducible Polyurethane
  Coatings for Aerospace Applications,
  Patricia B. Jacobs  and  David C.
  McClurg (Speaker), Miles, Inc.,
  Pittsburgh, PA

        Concurrent Sessions

Session 8: Applications 1, Moderator-
  Kevin Dick, Nevada Small Business
  Development Center

  3:15 p.m.
  Water Based and UV-Cured Coatings
  for Plastics, Edwin C. Laird, Coatings
  Resource Corporation,  Huntington
  Beach, CA
  3:45 p.m.
  Waterborne Lacquers for Aluminum
  Foil, William Marwick, Alcan Interna-
  tional Limited, England

  4:15 p.m.
  Lower-VOC Coating System Conver-
  sion Costs for Wood Furniture Indus-
  try,  Mary-Jo Caldwell, Midwest
  Research Institute, Gary, NC

  4:45 p.m.
  Development of Ultra-Low VOC Wood
  Furniture Coatings, Eddy W. Huang,
  Center for Emissions Research &
  Analysis, Larry Watkins, South  Coast
  Air Quality Management District, and
  Robert C. McCrillis, EPA/AEERL

Session 9: Aerospace Applications,
  Moderator-Robert B. Pojasek, GEI
  Consultants, Inc.

  3:15 p.m.
  Replacement of Chromated Epoxy
  Primers  for Ground Support Equipment
  and Flight Hardware, Marke E.
  Lindsay, Locheed Missiles & Space
  Company,  Inc., Sunnyvale, CA

  3:45 p.m.
  An Investigation of Flexibility Test
  Methods for Low-VOC Aerospace
  Coatings, Angela J. Brown, Boeing
  Defense & Space Group, Seattle, WA

  4:15 p.m.
  Waterborne Maskant,  Mark Jaffari,
  Malek, Inc., San Diego, CA

  4:45 p.m.
  Low-VOC Organic Coatings for
  Commercial Aircraft Application, T. D.
  Leland and C.M. Wong, Boeing
  Commercial Airplane Group, Seattle,
  WA
          Thursday, May 27

Session 10: Auxiliary Systems,
  Moderator-Michael Kosusko,  EPA/
  AEERL
  8:00 a.m.
  Low Volatility Surface Preparation: A
  Hybrid Approach, Joseph A. Lucas,
  Inland Technology Incorporated,
  Tacoma, WA

  8:30 a.m.
  Transfer Efficiency and VOC Emis-
  sions of Spray Gun Technologies in
  Wood Finishing, Leslie Snowden-
  Swan, Pacific Northwest Laboratory,
  Richland, WA, and Pamela Worner,
  Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention
  Research Center, Seattle, WA

  9:00 a.m.
  You Can't Always Judge a Paint Spray
  Gun Cleaning System By Its Cover,
  Michael J. Callahan and John P. Kusz,
  Safety-Kleen Corporation, Elgin, IL

Session 11: Applications 2,  Modera-
  tor-Jack Kowal, Coors Brewing
  Company

  9:45 a.m.
  Priority Manufacturing and Environ-
  mental Issues at Military Industrial
  Facilities, John W.  Adams, Richard S.
  Goldman, and Jerry R. Hudson,
  Concurrent Technologies Corporation,
  National Defense Center for Environ-
  mental Excellence, Jamestown, PA

  10:15 a.m.
  Low-VOC Dual-Cure Aerospace
  Topcoat, Kevin E. Kinzer and Steven
  J. Keipert, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN

  10:45 a.m.
  UV Pollution Prevention Technology in
  Can Manufacturing, Erik Donhowe,
  Coors Brewing Company, Golden, CO

  Pollution Prevention Opportunities in
  the Manufacture of Paint and Coatings,
  Paul M. Randall, U.S.  Environmental
  Protection Agency, Risk Reduction
  Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH

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   C. Northeim and E. Darden are with Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194,
     Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
   Michael Kosusko  is the EPA Project Officer (see  below).
   The complete report, entitled "Proceedings: Pollution Prevention Conference on
     Low-andNo-VOC Coating Technologies,"(OrderNo. PB94-152246/AS;
     Cost: $61.00; subject to change) will be available only from:
           National Technical Information Service
           5285 Port Royal Road
           Springfield, VA 22161
           Telephone: 703-487-4650
   The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
           Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
           Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268

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