United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA/600/SR-94/022 April 1994
EPA Project Summary
Proceedings: Pollution Prevention
Conference on Low- and No-VOC
Coating Technologies
Coleen M. Northeim and Ella Darden
The report documents a conference
that provided a forum for the exchange
of technical information on coating
technologies. It focused on improved
and emerging technologies that result
in fewer volatile organic compound
(VOC) and toxic air emissions than tra-
ditional coating emissions. Among the
new products and improvements fo-
cused on were an electrophoretic u re-
thane coating, a zero-VOC house paint,
and developments involving such inor-
ganic polymers as zinc silicates and
silicones. Coatings for such substrates
as metal (aerospace), wood (furniture),
plastic, foil, and concrete were also dis-
cussed.
This Project Summary was developed
by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC, to announce key find-
ings of the research project that is fully
documented in a separate report of the
same title (see Project Report ordering
information at back).
Introduction
Surface coating operations release ap-
proximately 19% of stationary area source
volatile organic compound (VOC) emis-
sions. Many of these sources cannot be
impacted by add-on controls at a reason-
able cost due to their small size and/or
the difficulty of capturing emissions. The
reduction of solvent emissions from archi-
tectural and other coatings continues to
rely on prevention technologies, such as
the replacement of VOC with water or
nonphotochemically reactive solvents, the
use of high solids coatings, or improve-
ment of the efficiency of transfer of the
coating to the coated surface. In current
practice, reformulation with nonphoto-
chemically reactive solvents may lead to
other environmental problems, such as
increased toxicity, greater stratospheric
ozone depletion potential, and worsened
multimedia effects.
A conference, "Pollution Prevention Con-
ference on Low- and No-VOC Coating
Technologies," was held May 25-27, 1993,
in San Diego, CA. The conference was
sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle
Institute (RTI), and the American Institute
for Pollution Prevention (AIPP). The con-
ference provided a forum for the exchange
of technical information on coating tech-
nologies. Specifically, the conference fo-
cused on improved and emerging tech-
nologies that result in fewer VOC and
toxic air emissions than traditional coating
systems.
Approximately 230 people attended the
conference: about 50% were from indus-
try, 40% from government, and 10% from
consulting firms and universities. There
were three registrants each from Taiwan
and the United Kingdom; and one each
from Sri Lanka, Norway, and the Philip-
pines. Conference registrants are listed in
Appendix A of the proceedings.
Approximately 40 technical papers were
presented at the conference, divided into
11 sessions focusing on such topical ar-
eas as coating technologies, specific coat-
ing applications and case studies, appli-
cation equipment, and pollution preven-
tion concepts. Several papers focused on
new products and improvements in these
areas, such as an electrophoretic urethane
coating, a zero-VOC house paint, and de-
-------
velopments involving inorganic polymers
such as zinc silicates and silicones. Coat-
ings for substrates, such as metal (aero-
space), wood (furniture), plastic, foil, and
concrete, were also discussed.
Conference Program
Portions of the conference program fol-
low, including the session topics, paper
titles, and authors. The project report
includes copies of the presented papers
that were submitted for inclusion in the
proceedings.
Conference Scope
The purpose of this conference is to
provide a forum for the exchange of tech-
nical information on coating technologies.
One of the primary objectives of the con-
ference will be the presentation and dis-
cussion of improved coating technologies
that result in fewer volatile organic com-
pound (VOC) and toxic air emissions. The
conference is designed to benefit coating
manufacturers and users and representa-
tives of government, academia, environ-
mental groups, and other research and
development organizations. Research and
case studies will be presented that are
specifically applicable to the architectural
and industrial maintenance (AIM), aero-
space, automotive, wood furniture, and
printing industries. The sessions will con-
sist of technical paper presentations and
are planned to allow for discussion peri-
ods and active participation by all attend-
ees.
Tuesday, May 25
Session 1: Opening Session, Modera-
tor-Coleen M. Northeim, RTI
8:15 a.m.
Welcome by Richard J. Sommerville,
Air Pollution Control Officer, San Diego
County Air Pollution District, San Diego,
CA
8:30 a.m.
Keynote by Paul Eisele, Director of
Health Safety & Environmental Affairs,
Masco Corporation, Taylor, Ml
9:00 a.m.
Coating Research in the U.S. EPA's
Organics Control Branch, Michael
Kosusko, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC
9:20 a.m.
Using Life-Cycle Analytical Techniques
to Assess Alternative Coating Systems,
Keith A. Weitz and John Warren
(Speaker), Research Triangle Institute,
Research Triangle Park, NC
Session 2: Technologies, Moderator-
Robert McCrillis, U.S. EPA/AEERL
10:00 a.m.
Radiation Curing Technology: Ultravio-
let and Electron Beam Processing, Ri-
chard Stowe, Fusion UV Curing Sys-
tems, Rockville, MD
10:30 a.m.
Environmental Compliant Thermoplas-
tic Powder Coating, David F. Eliicks,
Department of the Air Force, Air Force
Corrosion Program Office, Robins AFB,
GA
11:00 a.m.
Supercritical Fluid Spray Application of
Low-Pollution Coatings for Plastic Sub-
strates, Wayne Miller and Kenneth
Nielsen, Union Carbide Corporation,
South Charleston, WV, and Tom
Morrison, Red Spot Paint & Varnish,
Evansville, IN
11:30 a.m.
Utilizing Dispersion Resins with
Inorganci Solids in a New Formulary
Blending Process to Achieve Synergis-
tic Results of Performance (Expanded
Abstract), Philip W. Coscia, Resources
Conservatory International, Gustine, CA
Session 3: Powder Coatings,
Moderator-Richard Sayad, Dow
Chemical Company
1:15 p.m.
Advantages of Powder Coating, Albert
Holder, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Annapolis, MD
1:45 p.m.
Aerospace Applications for Powder
Coating at Hughes Aircraft Company,
Larry Brown, Hughes Missile Systems
Company, Tucson, AZ
2:15 p.m.
Fluoropolymer Coatings for Architectural,
Automotive and General Industrial Ap-
plications, David M. Grafflin, Evodex
Powder Coatings, Birmingham, AL
Session 4: Federal Programs,
Moderator-John Warren, RTI
3:00 p.m.
US Navy Compliance to Shipbuilding
and Ship Repair Environmental Regula-
tions, Alex Kaznoff, Naval Sea Systems
Command, Arlington, VA
3:30 p.m.
Low-VOC Coatings Developed by DOE
for Environmentally Conscious Manu-
facturers, Mark D. Smith, Allied Signal,
Inc., Kansas City, MO
4:00 p.m.
The Precedent-Setting Use of a Pollu-
tion Prevention Project in an EPA En-
forcement Settlement, David Nelson,
EnviroSearch International, Salt Lake
City, UT, and James J. Periconi,
Donovan Leisure Newton and Irvine,
New York, NY
4:30 p.m.
Army Pollution Prevention Success Sto-
ries, Jack Hurd, Army Acquisition Pollu-
tion Prevention Support Office, Alexan-
dria, VA, and Mark W. Ingle, Ocean
City Research Corporation, Arlington, VA
Wednesday, May 26
Session 5: Encouraging Pollution
Prevention, Moderator-Coleen
Northeim, RTI
8:00 a.m.
Pollution Prevention Opportunities in
Coatings: Educating Those who are
Responsible for This Task, Robert B.
Pojasek, GEI Consultants, Inc.,
Winchester, MA
8:30 a.m.
Economic Incentives to Stimulate the
Development and Diffusion of Low-
and No-VOC Coating Technologies,
Brian Morton, Research Triangle
Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC,
and Bruce Madariaga, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards,
Research Triangle Park, NC
9:00 a.m.
Pollution Prevention in the Wood
Refinishing Industry, Azita Yazdani,
Pollution Prevention International, Inc.,
Brea, CA
9:30 a.m.
The Importance of Product Steward-
ship and its Impact on Pollution
Prevention, Richard Sayad, Dow
Chemical Company, Midland, Ml
Session 6: Inorganic Coatings,
Moderator-Vic Young, Waste
Reduction Resource Center
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10:15 a.m.
Long-Term Corrosion Protection With
Single-Coat, High-Ratio Zinc Silicate,
Parke Schaffer, Jr., Inorganics Coat-
ings, Inc., Malvern, PA
10:45 a.m.
Two Surprises From an Inorganic Zinc-
Rich Silicate Coating, C. William
Anderson, Marine Environmental
Research, Inc., Morehead City, NC
11:15 a.m.
A New Inorganic Coating for Magne-
sium Alloys With Superior Corrosion
Resistance, Alex J. Zozulin, Technol-
ogy Applications Group, Inc., Grand
Forks, ND, and Duane E. Bartak,
University of Northern Iowa, Cedar
Falls, IA
11:45 a.m.
Inorganic Chemistry as an Option for
Formulating High Solids, Low- and
Zero-VOC Architectural and Industrial
Maintenance Coatings, Christine L.
Stanley and Raymond Foscante,
Ameron, Brea, CA
Session 7: High Solids & Water Based
Coatings, Moderator-Wade Ponder,
U.S. EPA/AEERL
1:30 p.m.
The Development of Practical Zero-
VOC Decorative Paints, Richard
Tuckerman and David W. Maurer,
Glidden Company, Cleveland, OH
2:00 p.m.
New Environmentally Acceptable Metal
Coating Systems, Peter C. Ryder,
Hawking International Limited, United
Kingdom, and Peter Hope, LVH
Coatings Limited, United Kingdom
2:30 p.m.
Water-Reducible Polyurethane
Coatings for Aerospace Applications,
Patricia B. Jacobs and David C.
McClurg (Speaker), Miles, Inc.,
Pittsburgh, PA
Concurrent Sessions
Session 8: Applications 1, Moderator-
Kevin Dick, Nevada Small Business
Development Center
3:15 p.m.
Water Based and UV-Cured Coatings
for Plastics, Edwin C. Laird, Coatings
Resource Corporation, Huntington
Beach, CA
3:45 p.m.
Waterborne Lacquers for Aluminum
Foil, William Marwick, Alcan Interna-
tional Limited, England
4:15 p.m.
Lower-VOC Coating System Conver-
sion Costs for Wood Furniture Indus-
try, Mary-Jo Caldwell, Midwest
Research Institute, Gary, NC
4:45 p.m.
Development of Ultra-Low VOC Wood
Furniture Coatings, Eddy W. Huang,
Center for Emissions Research &
Analysis, Larry Watkins, South Coast
Air Quality Management District, and
Robert C. McCrillis, EPA/AEERL
Session 9: Aerospace Applications,
Moderator-Robert B. Pojasek, GEI
Consultants, Inc.
3:15 p.m.
Replacement of Chromated Epoxy
Primers for Ground Support Equipment
and Flight Hardware, Marke E.
Lindsay, Locheed Missiles & Space
Company, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA
3:45 p.m.
An Investigation of Flexibility Test
Methods for Low-VOC Aerospace
Coatings, Angela J. Brown, Boeing
Defense & Space Group, Seattle, WA
4:15 p.m.
Waterborne Maskant, Mark Jaffari,
Malek, Inc., San Diego, CA
4:45 p.m.
Low-VOC Organic Coatings for
Commercial Aircraft Application, T. D.
Leland and C.M. Wong, Boeing
Commercial Airplane Group, Seattle,
WA
Thursday, May 27
Session 10: Auxiliary Systems,
Moderator-Michael Kosusko, EPA/
AEERL
8:00 a.m.
Low Volatility Surface Preparation: A
Hybrid Approach, Joseph A. Lucas,
Inland Technology Incorporated,
Tacoma, WA
8:30 a.m.
Transfer Efficiency and VOC Emis-
sions of Spray Gun Technologies in
Wood Finishing, Leslie Snowden-
Swan, Pacific Northwest Laboratory,
Richland, WA, and Pamela Worner,
Pacific Northwest Pollution Prevention
Research Center, Seattle, WA
9:00 a.m.
You Can't Always Judge a Paint Spray
Gun Cleaning System By Its Cover,
Michael J. Callahan and John P. Kusz,
Safety-Kleen Corporation, Elgin, IL
Session 11: Applications 2, Modera-
tor-Jack Kowal, Coors Brewing
Company
9:45 a.m.
Priority Manufacturing and Environ-
mental Issues at Military Industrial
Facilities, John W. Adams, Richard S.
Goldman, and Jerry R. Hudson,
Concurrent Technologies Corporation,
National Defense Center for Environ-
mental Excellence, Jamestown, PA
10:15 a.m.
Low-VOC Dual-Cure Aerospace
Topcoat, Kevin E. Kinzer and Steven
J. Keipert, 3M Company, St. Paul, MN
10:45 a.m.
UV Pollution Prevention Technology in
Can Manufacturing, Erik Donhowe,
Coors Brewing Company, Golden, CO
Pollution Prevention Opportunities in
the Manufacture of Paint and Coatings,
Paul M. Randall, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Risk Reduction
Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH
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C. Northeim and E. Darden are with Research Triangle Institute, PO Box 12194,
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Michael Kosusko is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report, entitled "Proceedings: Pollution Prevention Conference on
Low-andNo-VOC Coating Technologies,"(OrderNo. PB94-152246/AS;
Cost: $61.00; subject to change) will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 703-487-4650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Official Business
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