United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research  Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA/600/SR-94/049  May 1994
Proceedings:  Eighth
Symposium  on  the Transfer  and
Utilization  of Participate  Control
Technology
Geddes H. Ramsey
  The proceedings of the Eighth Sym-
posium on the Transfer and Utilization
of Paniculate Control Technology are
contained  in two volumes. Volume 1
consists of New Controls for Precipita-
tors I and II, Innovative Pollution Con-
trol Technologies, Precipitator Model
Studies. Fly Ash/ESP Studies, Precipi-
tator Plate Spacing Studies, ESP Rap-
ping Studies, ESP Performance Upgrad-
ing Studies I and  II, Hot-Side Precipita-
tor Studies, and  Innovative Pollution
Control Technologies. Volume 2  con-
sists of Low Ratio Baghouse O&M Ex-
perience, Pulse-Jet Baghouse  Experi-
ence I and II, Paniculate Control for
AFBCs, Paniculate Control for Dry SO2
Control Process,  Baghouse Design &
Performance Studies I and II,  Funda-
mental Baghouse Studies, High Tem-
perature Filtration I and II, and Control
of Emissions from  RDF Incinerators.
The symposium, in San  Diego, CA,
March 20-23, 1990, was cosponsored
by the Environmental  Protection
Agency and  the Electric Power  Re-
search Institute.
   This Project Summary was developed
by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, to announce key findings of
the research project that is fully docu-
mented in two volumes of the same title
(see Project Report ordering informa-
tion at back).

Introduction
   The papers in these two volumes were
presented at the symposium which  pro-
vided an opportunity for the transfer of in-
formation on particulate control technology
among manufacturers, users, regulators,
and educators. The purpose of the sympo-
sium was to advance new ideas and inno-
vative approaches and to share experiences
about ongoing technologies.
  The main interest of the participants of
past symposia has been in electrostatic
precipitation (ESP) and fabric filtration, and
this interest was reflected in the papers
presented at this meeting.  The  topics of
this symposium were ESP, fabric filtration,
flue gas desulfurization (FGD), and munici-
pal waste incineration particulate control.
  The symposium was conducted in a se-
ries of parallel sessions with each session
containing two to six related papers. The
sessions were arranged to present the ESP-
related papers in one session while the
fabric filtration-related papers were pre-
sented in the  other session, thus avoiding
the possibility of sessions dealing with the
same topic. The papers have been divided
into two volumes to conform with the two-
session format.

Volume 1 Papers
  Volume  1 describes various aspects of
ESP control. Various aspects of  ESP per-
formance enhancement  were discussed,
such as rapping  improvements, intermittent
energization, increased plate spacing, mul-
tistage ESPs, and chemical conditioning.
Papers also describe new computer control
for ESPs and the effects  of resistivity of fly
ash/sorbent mixtures on ESPs. Papers were
also presented that describe ESP perfor-
mance modeling. One session investigated
innovative pollution control technologies in-
cluding corona  destruction for  DeNOx,
 DeSOx, and volatile organic compounds.


          oO3 Printed on Recycled Paper

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 Session 1A: New Controls for
 Precipitators I
 New Controls for Precipitators I Advanced
 Microprocessor Technology for Electrostatic
 Precipitator High Voltage Control Systems
   Edwin H. Weaver, Belco Technologies,
   Inc.
 Case Study of CP&L's Coleto Creek Power
 Station, Joy-Western Hot-Side Electrostatic
 Precipitator
   Elliott M. Drysdale, Forry, Inc.,
   David Wakefield, Wakefield Associates,
   Inc., and John Wester, Central Power
   and  Light
 An Evaluation of the Energy Savings and
 Electrical Waveforms from an Intermittent
 Energization of Electrostatic Precipitators
 at Coal Fired Stoker Utility Boilers
   Peter Gelfand, P. Gelfand Associates,
   J.A.  Alden, D.J. McKay, and C.M.
   Richardson, New York State Electric and
   Gas Corporation

 Session 2A: New Controls for
 Precipitators II
 Intermittent  Energization Optimization on
 PSI  Gibson Station-Unit #1  Precipitator
   Steve Szczecinski, J.  Lantz, Neundorfer,
   Inc., and R. Pepmeier, Public Service
   Indiana
 Full  Scale  Demonstration  of Intermittent
 Energization on a 500 MW Hot-Side Elec-
 trostatic Precipitator
   Wallis A. Harrison, Robert P. Gehri,
   Southern Company Services, E.G.
   Landham, Jr., Southern Research
   Institute, Morris B. Tuck, Mississippi
   Power Company, and Walter Piulle,
   Electric Power Research  Institute
 Experimental Evaluation of Improved  De-
 sign of ESPs
   B. Bellagamba, G. Dinelli, and E.
   Riboldi, ENEL-Thermal and Nuclear
   Research Center
 Delaying Sodium Depletion in Electrostatic
 Precipitators at Ghent Generating Station
   Carla Clay Robinson,  Kentucky Utilities
   Company

 Session 3A: Innovative Pollution
 Control Technologies
 DeSO^ and DeNOx by PPCP and SPCP
   Senichi Masuda, Fukui Institute of
  Technology, and J. Wang, Anshan
   Research and Design Institute
The  Destruction of Volatile Organic Com-
pounds by an Innovative Corona Technol-
ogy
  Geddes H. Ramsey, Norman Plaks,
  Chester A. Vogel, Wade H. Ponder,
  U.S.  EPA/AEERL, and Larry E.
  Hamel, Acurex Corporation
 Application of Corona-Induced Plasma Re-
 actors to Decomposition of Volatile Organic
 Compounds
   Toshiaki Yamamoto, P.A. Lawless, K.
   Ramanathan, D.S. Ensor, Research
   Triangle Institute, G.H. Ramsey, and  N.
   Plaks, U.S. EPA/AEERL

 Session 4A: Precipitator Model
 Studies
 Requirements for a  Precipitator Perfor-
 mance Expert System
   John G.  Musgrove, Bechtel Power
   Corporation, and Robert L. Jeffcoat,
   Southern Research Institute
 An  Integrated  Electrostatic  Precipitator
 Model for Microcomputers
   P.A. Lawless, Research Triangle
   Institute, and R.F. Altman, Electric
   Power Research Institute
 An  Advanced Microcomputer Model  for
 Electrostatic Precipitators
   P.A. Lawless, Research Triangle
   Institute, and N. Plaks, U.S.
   EPA/AEERL
 Measurements Inside a Model Precipitator
   A.L.H. Braam and W. Hiemstra,
   N.V. KEMA

 Session  5A: Fly Ash/ESP Studies
 The Effects of Fireside Process Conditions
 on Electrostatic  Precipitator  Performance
 in the Electric Utility Industry
   Herbert J. Hall, H.J. Hall Associates,
   Inc.
 Observations of  Modeled and  Laboratory
 Measured Resistivity
   Roy E. Bickelhaupt, Clean Air
   Engineering, Inc.

 Session  6A: Precipitator Plate
 Spacing Studies
 Engineering Study on Wide Plate Spacing
 Electrostatic Precipitators
   K.S. Kumar and P.L. Feldman,
   Research-Cottrell, Inc.
 Increased Plate Spacing in Electrostatic Pre-
 cipitators
   Ken Darby and David Novogoratz,
   Dresser Industries, Inc.
 Mechanisms of Performance Enhancement
 in Wide Plate Electrostatic Precipitators
   H. Elshimy and G.S.P. Castle, The
   University of Western Ontario

 Session 7A: ESP Rapping
 Studies
 Characteristics of Rapping Acceleration in
 Precipitator Collecting  Plates Before and
After the Installation of Plate Straightening
 Devices
  Jeffrey Cummings, Neundorfer, Inc.
Temperature Dependency  of Magnetic Im-
pact Rappers
   Michael W. Neundorfer, Karl M. Artz,
   and Michael A. McNabb, Neundorfer,
   Inc.
 Experimental Study of Ash Rapping Off the
 Collector Plates in  a Lab-Scale Electro-
 static Precipitator
   D.H. Choi, S.A. Self, M. Mitchner, and
   R. Leach, Stanford University

 Session 8A: ESP Performance
 Upgrading Studies I
 Meeting Emission Levels Through Precipi-
 tator Upgrades
   Sanford F. Weinman and Kenneth R.
   Parker, Dresser Industries, Inc.
 Operating Experience of the Rigid  Frame
 Electrostatic Precipitator Installed at  Metro-
 politan Edison Company's Portland Station
   Paul G. Abbott, Theodore C.
   Schafebook, General Electric
   Environmental Systems, and
   John A. Brummer, Metropolitan Edison
   Company
 Modern Electrode Geometries and Voltage
 Waveforms Minimize the Required SCAs
   Kjell Porle, Sten Maartmann, Mats-Olof
   Bergstrom, Flakt Industriella Processor
   AB,  and Keith Bradburn, Flakt, Inc.
 ESP Design Concepts for Improving Per-
 formance and Reliability
   John R. Meinders, Kansas City, Kansas
   Board of Public Utilities, and Robert E.
   Jonellis, PrecipTech, Inc.

 Session 9A: ESP Performance
 Upgrading Studies II
 Considerations in Rebuilding the Sibley Unit
 1 Precipitator
   D.f 4. Greashaber, Missouri Public
   Service, and P.A. Hiller, Sargent &
   Lundy
 Flue Gas Field Study, Model Study, and a
 Post Study Review to Improve the Perfor-
 mance of a Chevron ESP at Duke Power's
 Belews Creek Station
   Scott L. Thomas, Duke Power
   Company, and Lawrence A. Zemke,
   CAE Diagnostic Services
 Experience with Dual  Flue Gas Condition-
 ing of Electrostatic Precipitators
   H.V. Krigmont and E.L Coe, Jr.,
  Wahlco, Inc.

 Session 10A: Hot-Side
 Precipitator Studies
 Modification  and Conversion of the Ne-
braska City Unit 1 Hot ESP  to Cold-Side
Operation
  A.W. Ferguson, R.C. Wicina, B.L
  Duncan, Black and Veatch Engineers-
  Architects, K.A. Roth and R.M.  Kotan,
  Omaha Public Power District
Results of the Roy S. Nelson Unit 6 Hot-
Side Precipitator Structural Evaluation

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  C.R. Reeves, Gulf States Utilities Co.,
  S.A. Johnson and R.L. Schneider,
  Sargent & Lundy
Columbia Unit 2  Precipitator  Hot  to Cold
Conversion
  Mohammad Vakili, Wisconsin Power
  and Light Company, and A.W.
  Ferguson, Black and Veatch Engineers-
  Architects

Session 11 A: Innovative
Pollution Control Technologies
Improved Carbon Particulate Control  Via
Additive Injection
  D. Farrar, University of Toronto,  J.
  Reuther,  Battelle Columbus, W.  Steiger,
  Battelle Frankfurt, R. Schmitt, Battelle
  Geneva,  and R. van der Velde, Velino
  Ventures

Volume 2 Papers
  Volume 2 describes various aspects of
fabric filtration, particulate control for atmo-
spheric, fluidized-bed combustors (AFBCs)
and for dry sulfur dioxide (S02) control pro-
cesses, and control of emissions from mu-
nicipal waste  incinerators.  Papers  are pre-
sented dealing with the emissions from sew-
age sludge incinerators which include dry
particulates, organic condensates, mercury,
nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. Opera-
tion of fabric filters and ESPs in FGD were
presented.  Particulate and S02 control with
the E-SO process was also presented. In
addition, nigh temperature filtration studies
were  also  presented  such as ceramic fil-
ters,  innovative filter bags, and electrified
granular filters.

Session 1B: Low Ratio
Baghouse O&M Experience
The O&M  History at the City of Colorado
Springs, Martin Drake Unit No.  6  Reverse
Gas Fabric Filter System
   Richard  L  Miller, General Electric
   Environmental Systems, and Leslie V.
   Hekkers, City of Colorado Springs
 1990 Update, Operating History, and Cur-
rent Status of Fabric  Filters in the Utility
 Industry
   Kenneth M. Gushing, Randy L.  Merritt,
   Southern Research Institute, and
   Ramsay L. Chang, Electric Power
   Research Institute

 Session 2B: Pulse-Jet Baghouse
 Experience I
Australian  Experience with High Ratio Fab-
 ric Filters On Utility Boilers
   Peter R. Heeley, The Electricity
   Commission of New South Wales, and
   Colin Robinson, Flakt Australia  Ltd.
A Ten Year Review of Pulse-Jet Baghouse
Operation  and Maintenance  at the H.R.
Milner Generating Station
  Brian R. Thicke, Alberta Power Limited
Design and Performance Evaluation of a
350 MW Utility Boiler Pulse-Jet Fabric
Filter
  Peter W.R. Funnell, Stig Strangert,
  Flakt Australia Ltd., and Peter R.
  Heeley,  The Electricity Commission of
  New South Wales
A Survey of the Performance of Pulse-Jet
Baghouses for Application to Coal-Fired
Boilers, Worldwide
  Victor H. Belba, Consultant, Theron
  Grubb, Grubb Filtration Testing
  Services, Inc., Ramsay Chang, Electric
  Power Research Institute

Session 3B: Pulse-Jet Baghouse
Experience II
 Retrofit of Fabric Filters to Power Boilers
  Howard F. Johnson, Howden
  Environmental Systems, Inc.
The EPRI  Pilot Pulse-Jet Baghouse Facility
at Plant Scholz
  K.J. Mills, Southern Company Services,
  and R.F. Heaphy, Southern Research
  Institute
Pilot Demonstration  of a Pulse-Jet Fabric
Filter for  Particulate Matter  Control  at  a
Coal-Fired Utility  Boiler
   Robert C. Carr, Electric Power
  Technologies, Inc., and C.J. Bustard,
  ADA Technologies, Inc.

Plenary Session
Acid  Rain Regulations  in Germany  and
Their Effects
   Peter Davids, State Agency for Air
   Pollution Control and Noise Abatement,
   Federal Republic of Germany
Particulate Emissions Control and Its Im-
pacts on the Control of Other Air Pollutant
Emissions from Municipal Waste Combus-
tors
   Theodore G. Brna and James D.
    Kilgroe, U.S. EPA/AEERL

 Session 4B: Particulate Control
 for AFBCs
 Baghouse Design Consideration Unique to
 Fluidized  Bed Boilers
   Joseph B. Landwehr,  Fred W.
   Campbell, and J.  Gary Weis, Burns &
   McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc.
 Fabric Filter Monitoring at the CUEA Nucla
 AFBC Demonstration Plant
   Kenneth M. Gushing,  Southern
   Research Institute, Thomas J. Heller,
   Consolidated Edison Company of New
   York, Ralph F. Altman, Thomas J.
   Boyd, Mike A. Friedman, and Ramsay
  L. Chang, Electric Power Research
  Institute
Electrostatic Precipitation of Particles Pro-
duced by Three Utility Fluidized-Bed Com-
bustors Service
  E.G. Landham, Jr., M.G. Faulkner, R.P.
  Young, Southern Research  Institute,
  Ralph F. Altman, and Ramsay L.
  Chang, Electric Power Research
  Institute

Session SB: Particulate Control
for Dry SOL Control Process
Effects of E-SOx Technology on ESP Per-
formance
  G.H. Marchant, Jr., J.P. Gooch, M.G.
  Faulkner, Southern Research Institute,
  and LS. Hovis, U.S. EPA/AEERL
Identification of Low-Resistivity Reentrainment
in ESPs Operating in Dry Scrubbing Applica-
tions
  Michael D. Durham,  ADA
  Technologies, Inc., Richard G. Rhudy,
  Electric Power Research Institute,
  Thomas A. Burnett, Jose DeGuzman,
  Gerald A. Hollinden, Tennessee Valley
  Authority, Robert A.  Barton, and
  Charles W. Dawson, Ontario Hydro
Electrostatic Precipitation of Particles Pro-
duced by  Furnace  Sorbent Injection at
Edgewater
  Ralph F. Altman, Ramsay L. Chang,
  Electric Power Research Institute, E.G.
  Landham, Jr., E.B. Dismukes, M.G.
  Faulkner, R.P. Young, Southern
  Research Institute, and Louis S. Hovis,
  U.S. EPA/AEERL
Proposed  Demonstration  of HYPAS  on
Duke Power's Marshall Station Unit 2: An
Integrated Approach to  Particulate Upgrades
and SO  Control
  Kris W. Knudsen,  Duke Power
  Company, Robert C. Carr,  Electric
   Power Technologies, and Richard G.
   Rhudy, Electric Power Research
   Institute

 Session 6B: Baghouse Design &
 Performance Studies I
 Influence of a Sock Between  Supporting
 Cage and Bag On Filter Performance
   Eberhard Schmidt and F. Loffler,
   Universitat Karlsruhe
 Accelerated Bag Wear Testing
   Larry G. Felix, Robert F. Heaphy,
   Southern Research  Institute, Ralph F.
   Altman, Ramsay L.  Chang, Electric
   Power Research Institute, and W.
   Theron Grubb, Grubb Filtration and
   Testing Services,  Inc.
 Collection of Reactive and Cohesive Fine
 Particles  in a Bag Filter with  Pulse-Jet
 Cleaning Filter Performance
   Eberhard Schmidt and F.

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   Loftier, Universitat Karlsruhe
 DuFont's Engineering Fibers for Hot Gas
 Filtration Case Histories
   Peter Frankenburg, E.I. DuPont de
   Nemours & Co., Inc.

 Plenary Session
 Advanced Power System
 Particulate Control Technology
   T.F. Bechtel and W.T. Langan, U.S.
   DOE
 Future Directions in Particulate Control
 Technology
   Sabert Oglesby, Southern Research
   Institute

 Session 7B: Baghouse Design
 and Performance II
 Optimizing  Baghouse  Performance at
 Monticello Station with Ammonia Injection
   Kent Duncan, Robbie Watts, Monticello
   Steam Electric Station, Randy L.
   Merritt, P.  Vann Bush, Southern
   Research  Institute, Walter V. Piulle,
   and Ramsay L. Chang, Electric Power
   Research  Institute
 Enhancing  Baghouse  Performance  with
 Conditioning Agents: Basis,  Developments,
 and Economics
   S.J. Miller and D.L Laudal, University
   of North Dakota
 Baghouse Performance Advisor: A Knowl-
edge Based  Baghouse Operator Advisor
  James P. Enkenrode, Gary P. Greiner,
   ETS, Inc.,
   Earl Lewis, Baltimore Gas and Electric
  Company, and Ramsay L. Chang,
   Electric Power Research Institute
Efficiency of Fabric  Filters and  ESPs in
Controlling Trace  Metal  Emissions  from
Coal-Burning Facilities
   Roger C. Trueblood, Christopher
   Wedig, and Richard J. Gendreau, Stone
   & Webster Engineering Corporation

Session 8B: Fundamental
Baghouse Studies
The Structural Analysis of Dust Cakes
   Eberhard Schmidt and F. Loffler,
   Universitat Karlsruhe
Effects of Additives and Conditioning Agents
on the Filtration Properties of Fly Ash
   P. Vann Bush and Todd R. Snyder,
   Southern Research Institute
Particle Size Effects on  High Temperature
Dust  Filtration  from  a  Coal-Fired Atmo-
spheric Fluidized-Bed Combustor
   Richard A. Dennis, Larry D. Strickland,
   and Ta-Kuan Chiang, U.S. DOE,
   Morgantown Energy Technology Center
   Institute
Generalization  of Laboratory  Dust Cake
Characteristics for Full-Scale Applications
   Ta-Kuan Chiang, Richard A.  Dennis,
   Larry D. Strickland, and Charles M.
   Zeh, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy
   Technology Center Institute

Session 9B: High Temperature
Filtration I
High Temperature Filtration Using Ceramic
Filters
   LR. White and S.M. Sanocki, 3M
   Company
High Temperature Filter Media Evaluation
   D.J. Helfritch and P.L Feldman,
   Research-Cottrell
Pilot-Scale Performance/Durability Evalua-
tion of 3M Company's High-Temperature
Nextel Filter Bags
  G.F. Weber and G.L Schelkoph,
   University of North Dakota
 Particulate Control in Advanced Coal-based
 Power Generating Systems
   S.J. Bossart and C.V. Nakaishi, U.S.
   DOE Morgantown Energy Technology
   Center

 Session 10B: High Temperature
 Filtration II
 Performance of a Hot Gas Cleanup  Sys-
 tem on a Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Com-
 bustor
   Jans Andries, J. Bernard, B. Scarlett,
   Delft University of Technology, and  B.
   Pitchumani, I.I.T. Hauz Khas
 Electrified  Granular Filter for  High Tem-
 perature Gas Filtration
   P.H. deHaan, TNO Center for
   Polymeric Materials, M.L.G. van
   Gasselt, and L.M. Rappoldt, TNO
   Division for Society
 Nested Fiber Filter for Particulate Control
   Robert D.  Litt and H. Nicholas Conkle,
   Battelle

 Session 11 B: Control of
 Emissions from RDF
 Incinerators
 Particulate Emissions  from Prepared  Fuel
 (RDF) Municipal Waste Incinerators
   R.M. Hartman, Resource Recovery
   Systems
 Condensable Emissions  from  Municipal
 Waste Incinerators
  Ashok S. Damle, David S. Ensor,
   Research Triangle Institute, and
   Norman Plaks, U.S. EPA/AEERL
Treatment of Flue Gas and Residues from
Municipal and Industrial Waste Incinerators
  G. Mayer-Schwinning, Lurgi G.m.b.H.

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   Geddes H. Ramsey is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
   The complete report, entitled "Proceedings: Eighth Symposium on the Transfer and
     Utilization of Particulate Control Technology," consists of two volumes:
   "Volume I" (Order No.  PB94-158938; Cost: $52.00; subject to change)
     describes various aspects of ESP control.
   Volume II (Order No. PB94-158946; Cost: $77.00; subject to change)
     describes various aspects of fabric filtration, particulate control for atmospheric
     fluidized-bed combustors and for dry sulfur dioxide control processes, and control
     of emissions from municipal waste incinerators.
   Both volumes of this report will be available only from:
           National Technical Information Service
           5285 Port Royal Road
           Springfield, VA 22161
           Telephone: 7034874650
   The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
           Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
           U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
           Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268

Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
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POSTAGE & FEES PAID
         EPA
   PERMIT  No. G-35
EPA/600/SR-94/049

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