United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Research and Development
EPA/600/SR-94/049 May 1994
Proceedings: Eighth
Symposium on the Transfer and
Utilization of Participate Control
Technology
Geddes H. Ramsey
The proceedings of the Eighth Sym-
posium on the Transfer and Utilization
of Paniculate Control Technology are
contained in two volumes. Volume 1
consists of New Controls for Precipita-
tors I and II, Innovative Pollution Con-
trol Technologies, Precipitator Model
Studies. Fly Ash/ESP Studies, Precipi-
tator Plate Spacing Studies, ESP Rap-
ping Studies, ESP Performance Upgrad-
ing Studies I and II, Hot-Side Precipita-
tor Studies, and Innovative Pollution
Control Technologies. Volume 2 con-
sists of Low Ratio Baghouse O&M Ex-
perience, Pulse-Jet Baghouse Experi-
ence I and II, Paniculate Control for
AFBCs, Paniculate Control for Dry SO2
Control Process, Baghouse Design &
Performance Studies I and II, Funda-
mental Baghouse Studies, High Tem-
perature Filtration I and II, and Control
of Emissions from RDF Incinerators.
The symposium, in San Diego, CA,
March 20-23, 1990, was cosponsored
by the Environmental Protection
Agency and the Electric Power Re-
search Institute.
This Project Summary was developed
by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, NC, to announce key findings of
the research project that is fully docu-
mented in two volumes of the same title
(see Project Report ordering informa-
tion at back).
Introduction
The papers in these two volumes were
presented at the symposium which pro-
vided an opportunity for the transfer of in-
formation on particulate control technology
among manufacturers, users, regulators,
and educators. The purpose of the sympo-
sium was to advance new ideas and inno-
vative approaches and to share experiences
about ongoing technologies.
The main interest of the participants of
past symposia has been in electrostatic
precipitation (ESP) and fabric filtration, and
this interest was reflected in the papers
presented at this meeting. The topics of
this symposium were ESP, fabric filtration,
flue gas desulfurization (FGD), and munici-
pal waste incineration particulate control.
The symposium was conducted in a se-
ries of parallel sessions with each session
containing two to six related papers. The
sessions were arranged to present the ESP-
related papers in one session while the
fabric filtration-related papers were pre-
sented in the other session, thus avoiding
the possibility of sessions dealing with the
same topic. The papers have been divided
into two volumes to conform with the two-
session format.
Volume 1 Papers
Volume 1 describes various aspects of
ESP control. Various aspects of ESP per-
formance enhancement were discussed,
such as rapping improvements, intermittent
energization, increased plate spacing, mul-
tistage ESPs, and chemical conditioning.
Papers also describe new computer control
for ESPs and the effects of resistivity of fly
ash/sorbent mixtures on ESPs. Papers were
also presented that describe ESP perfor-
mance modeling. One session investigated
innovative pollution control technologies in-
cluding corona destruction for DeNOx,
DeSOx, and volatile organic compounds.
oO3 Printed on Recycled Paper
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Session 1A: New Controls for
Precipitators I
New Controls for Precipitators I Advanced
Microprocessor Technology for Electrostatic
Precipitator High Voltage Control Systems
Edwin H. Weaver, Belco Technologies,
Inc.
Case Study of CP&L's Coleto Creek Power
Station, Joy-Western Hot-Side Electrostatic
Precipitator
Elliott M. Drysdale, Forry, Inc.,
David Wakefield, Wakefield Associates,
Inc., and John Wester, Central Power
and Light
An Evaluation of the Energy Savings and
Electrical Waveforms from an Intermittent
Energization of Electrostatic Precipitators
at Coal Fired Stoker Utility Boilers
Peter Gelfand, P. Gelfand Associates,
J.A. Alden, D.J. McKay, and C.M.
Richardson, New York State Electric and
Gas Corporation
Session 2A: New Controls for
Precipitators II
Intermittent Energization Optimization on
PSI Gibson Station-Unit #1 Precipitator
Steve Szczecinski, J. Lantz, Neundorfer,
Inc., and R. Pepmeier, Public Service
Indiana
Full Scale Demonstration of Intermittent
Energization on a 500 MW Hot-Side Elec-
trostatic Precipitator
Wallis A. Harrison, Robert P. Gehri,
Southern Company Services, E.G.
Landham, Jr., Southern Research
Institute, Morris B. Tuck, Mississippi
Power Company, and Walter Piulle,
Electric Power Research Institute
Experimental Evaluation of Improved De-
sign of ESPs
B. Bellagamba, G. Dinelli, and E.
Riboldi, ENEL-Thermal and Nuclear
Research Center
Delaying Sodium Depletion in Electrostatic
Precipitators at Ghent Generating Station
Carla Clay Robinson, Kentucky Utilities
Company
Session 3A: Innovative Pollution
Control Technologies
DeSO^ and DeNOx by PPCP and SPCP
Senichi Masuda, Fukui Institute of
Technology, and J. Wang, Anshan
Research and Design Institute
The Destruction of Volatile Organic Com-
pounds by an Innovative Corona Technol-
ogy
Geddes H. Ramsey, Norman Plaks,
Chester A. Vogel, Wade H. Ponder,
U.S. EPA/AEERL, and Larry E.
Hamel, Acurex Corporation
Application of Corona-Induced Plasma Re-
actors to Decomposition of Volatile Organic
Compounds
Toshiaki Yamamoto, P.A. Lawless, K.
Ramanathan, D.S. Ensor, Research
Triangle Institute, G.H. Ramsey, and N.
Plaks, U.S. EPA/AEERL
Session 4A: Precipitator Model
Studies
Requirements for a Precipitator Perfor-
mance Expert System
John G. Musgrove, Bechtel Power
Corporation, and Robert L. Jeffcoat,
Southern Research Institute
An Integrated Electrostatic Precipitator
Model for Microcomputers
P.A. Lawless, Research Triangle
Institute, and R.F. Altman, Electric
Power Research Institute
An Advanced Microcomputer Model for
Electrostatic Precipitators
P.A. Lawless, Research Triangle
Institute, and N. Plaks, U.S.
EPA/AEERL
Measurements Inside a Model Precipitator
A.L.H. Braam and W. Hiemstra,
N.V. KEMA
Session 5A: Fly Ash/ESP Studies
The Effects of Fireside Process Conditions
on Electrostatic Precipitator Performance
in the Electric Utility Industry
Herbert J. Hall, H.J. Hall Associates,
Inc.
Observations of Modeled and Laboratory
Measured Resistivity
Roy E. Bickelhaupt, Clean Air
Engineering, Inc.
Session 6A: Precipitator Plate
Spacing Studies
Engineering Study on Wide Plate Spacing
Electrostatic Precipitators
K.S. Kumar and P.L. Feldman,
Research-Cottrell, Inc.
Increased Plate Spacing in Electrostatic Pre-
cipitators
Ken Darby and David Novogoratz,
Dresser Industries, Inc.
Mechanisms of Performance Enhancement
in Wide Plate Electrostatic Precipitators
H. Elshimy and G.S.P. Castle, The
University of Western Ontario
Session 7A: ESP Rapping
Studies
Characteristics of Rapping Acceleration in
Precipitator Collecting Plates Before and
After the Installation of Plate Straightening
Devices
Jeffrey Cummings, Neundorfer, Inc.
Temperature Dependency of Magnetic Im-
pact Rappers
Michael W. Neundorfer, Karl M. Artz,
and Michael A. McNabb, Neundorfer,
Inc.
Experimental Study of Ash Rapping Off the
Collector Plates in a Lab-Scale Electro-
static Precipitator
D.H. Choi, S.A. Self, M. Mitchner, and
R. Leach, Stanford University
Session 8A: ESP Performance
Upgrading Studies I
Meeting Emission Levels Through Precipi-
tator Upgrades
Sanford F. Weinman and Kenneth R.
Parker, Dresser Industries, Inc.
Operating Experience of the Rigid Frame
Electrostatic Precipitator Installed at Metro-
politan Edison Company's Portland Station
Paul G. Abbott, Theodore C.
Schafebook, General Electric
Environmental Systems, and
John A. Brummer, Metropolitan Edison
Company
Modern Electrode Geometries and Voltage
Waveforms Minimize the Required SCAs
Kjell Porle, Sten Maartmann, Mats-Olof
Bergstrom, Flakt Industriella Processor
AB, and Keith Bradburn, Flakt, Inc.
ESP Design Concepts for Improving Per-
formance and Reliability
John R. Meinders, Kansas City, Kansas
Board of Public Utilities, and Robert E.
Jonellis, PrecipTech, Inc.
Session 9A: ESP Performance
Upgrading Studies II
Considerations in Rebuilding the Sibley Unit
1 Precipitator
D.f 4. Greashaber, Missouri Public
Service, and P.A. Hiller, Sargent &
Lundy
Flue Gas Field Study, Model Study, and a
Post Study Review to Improve the Perfor-
mance of a Chevron ESP at Duke Power's
Belews Creek Station
Scott L. Thomas, Duke Power
Company, and Lawrence A. Zemke,
CAE Diagnostic Services
Experience with Dual Flue Gas Condition-
ing of Electrostatic Precipitators
H.V. Krigmont and E.L Coe, Jr.,
Wahlco, Inc.
Session 10A: Hot-Side
Precipitator Studies
Modification and Conversion of the Ne-
braska City Unit 1 Hot ESP to Cold-Side
Operation
A.W. Ferguson, R.C. Wicina, B.L
Duncan, Black and Veatch Engineers-
Architects, K.A. Roth and R.M. Kotan,
Omaha Public Power District
Results of the Roy S. Nelson Unit 6 Hot-
Side Precipitator Structural Evaluation
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C.R. Reeves, Gulf States Utilities Co.,
S.A. Johnson and R.L. Schneider,
Sargent & Lundy
Columbia Unit 2 Precipitator Hot to Cold
Conversion
Mohammad Vakili, Wisconsin Power
and Light Company, and A.W.
Ferguson, Black and Veatch Engineers-
Architects
Session 11 A: Innovative
Pollution Control Technologies
Improved Carbon Particulate Control Via
Additive Injection
D. Farrar, University of Toronto, J.
Reuther, Battelle Columbus, W. Steiger,
Battelle Frankfurt, R. Schmitt, Battelle
Geneva, and R. van der Velde, Velino
Ventures
Volume 2 Papers
Volume 2 describes various aspects of
fabric filtration, particulate control for atmo-
spheric, fluidized-bed combustors (AFBCs)
and for dry sulfur dioxide (S02) control pro-
cesses, and control of emissions from mu-
nicipal waste incinerators. Papers are pre-
sented dealing with the emissions from sew-
age sludge incinerators which include dry
particulates, organic condensates, mercury,
nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. Opera-
tion of fabric filters and ESPs in FGD were
presented. Particulate and S02 control with
the E-SO process was also presented. In
addition, nigh temperature filtration studies
were also presented such as ceramic fil-
ters, innovative filter bags, and electrified
granular filters.
Session 1B: Low Ratio
Baghouse O&M Experience
The O&M History at the City of Colorado
Springs, Martin Drake Unit No. 6 Reverse
Gas Fabric Filter System
Richard L Miller, General Electric
Environmental Systems, and Leslie V.
Hekkers, City of Colorado Springs
1990 Update, Operating History, and Cur-
rent Status of Fabric Filters in the Utility
Industry
Kenneth M. Gushing, Randy L. Merritt,
Southern Research Institute, and
Ramsay L. Chang, Electric Power
Research Institute
Session 2B: Pulse-Jet Baghouse
Experience I
Australian Experience with High Ratio Fab-
ric Filters On Utility Boilers
Peter R. Heeley, The Electricity
Commission of New South Wales, and
Colin Robinson, Flakt Australia Ltd.
A Ten Year Review of Pulse-Jet Baghouse
Operation and Maintenance at the H.R.
Milner Generating Station
Brian R. Thicke, Alberta Power Limited
Design and Performance Evaluation of a
350 MW Utility Boiler Pulse-Jet Fabric
Filter
Peter W.R. Funnell, Stig Strangert,
Flakt Australia Ltd., and Peter R.
Heeley, The Electricity Commission of
New South Wales
A Survey of the Performance of Pulse-Jet
Baghouses for Application to Coal-Fired
Boilers, Worldwide
Victor H. Belba, Consultant, Theron
Grubb, Grubb Filtration Testing
Services, Inc., Ramsay Chang, Electric
Power Research Institute
Session 3B: Pulse-Jet Baghouse
Experience II
Retrofit of Fabric Filters to Power Boilers
Howard F. Johnson, Howden
Environmental Systems, Inc.
The EPRI Pilot Pulse-Jet Baghouse Facility
at Plant Scholz
K.J. Mills, Southern Company Services,
and R.F. Heaphy, Southern Research
Institute
Pilot Demonstration of a Pulse-Jet Fabric
Filter for Particulate Matter Control at a
Coal-Fired Utility Boiler
Robert C. Carr, Electric Power
Technologies, Inc., and C.J. Bustard,
ADA Technologies, Inc.
Plenary Session
Acid Rain Regulations in Germany and
Their Effects
Peter Davids, State Agency for Air
Pollution Control and Noise Abatement,
Federal Republic of Germany
Particulate Emissions Control and Its Im-
pacts on the Control of Other Air Pollutant
Emissions from Municipal Waste Combus-
tors
Theodore G. Brna and James D.
Kilgroe, U.S. EPA/AEERL
Session 4B: Particulate Control
for AFBCs
Baghouse Design Consideration Unique to
Fluidized Bed Boilers
Joseph B. Landwehr, Fred W.
Campbell, and J. Gary Weis, Burns &
McDonnell Engineering Company, Inc.
Fabric Filter Monitoring at the CUEA Nucla
AFBC Demonstration Plant
Kenneth M. Gushing, Southern
Research Institute, Thomas J. Heller,
Consolidated Edison Company of New
York, Ralph F. Altman, Thomas J.
Boyd, Mike A. Friedman, and Ramsay
L. Chang, Electric Power Research
Institute
Electrostatic Precipitation of Particles Pro-
duced by Three Utility Fluidized-Bed Com-
bustors Service
E.G. Landham, Jr., M.G. Faulkner, R.P.
Young, Southern Research Institute,
Ralph F. Altman, and Ramsay L.
Chang, Electric Power Research
Institute
Session SB: Particulate Control
for Dry SOL Control Process
Effects of E-SOx Technology on ESP Per-
formance
G.H. Marchant, Jr., J.P. Gooch, M.G.
Faulkner, Southern Research Institute,
and LS. Hovis, U.S. EPA/AEERL
Identification of Low-Resistivity Reentrainment
in ESPs Operating in Dry Scrubbing Applica-
tions
Michael D. Durham, ADA
Technologies, Inc., Richard G. Rhudy,
Electric Power Research Institute,
Thomas A. Burnett, Jose DeGuzman,
Gerald A. Hollinden, Tennessee Valley
Authority, Robert A. Barton, and
Charles W. Dawson, Ontario Hydro
Electrostatic Precipitation of Particles Pro-
duced by Furnace Sorbent Injection at
Edgewater
Ralph F. Altman, Ramsay L. Chang,
Electric Power Research Institute, E.G.
Landham, Jr., E.B. Dismukes, M.G.
Faulkner, R.P. Young, Southern
Research Institute, and Louis S. Hovis,
U.S. EPA/AEERL
Proposed Demonstration of HYPAS on
Duke Power's Marshall Station Unit 2: An
Integrated Approach to Particulate Upgrades
and SO Control
Kris W. Knudsen, Duke Power
Company, Robert C. Carr, Electric
Power Technologies, and Richard G.
Rhudy, Electric Power Research
Institute
Session 6B: Baghouse Design &
Performance Studies I
Influence of a Sock Between Supporting
Cage and Bag On Filter Performance
Eberhard Schmidt and F. Loffler,
Universitat Karlsruhe
Accelerated Bag Wear Testing
Larry G. Felix, Robert F. Heaphy,
Southern Research Institute, Ralph F.
Altman, Ramsay L. Chang, Electric
Power Research Institute, and W.
Theron Grubb, Grubb Filtration and
Testing Services, Inc.
Collection of Reactive and Cohesive Fine
Particles in a Bag Filter with Pulse-Jet
Cleaning Filter Performance
Eberhard Schmidt and F.
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Loftier, Universitat Karlsruhe
DuFont's Engineering Fibers for Hot Gas
Filtration Case Histories
Peter Frankenburg, E.I. DuPont de
Nemours & Co., Inc.
Plenary Session
Advanced Power System
Particulate Control Technology
T.F. Bechtel and W.T. Langan, U.S.
DOE
Future Directions in Particulate Control
Technology
Sabert Oglesby, Southern Research
Institute
Session 7B: Baghouse Design
and Performance II
Optimizing Baghouse Performance at
Monticello Station with Ammonia Injection
Kent Duncan, Robbie Watts, Monticello
Steam Electric Station, Randy L.
Merritt, P. Vann Bush, Southern
Research Institute, Walter V. Piulle,
and Ramsay L. Chang, Electric Power
Research Institute
Enhancing Baghouse Performance with
Conditioning Agents: Basis, Developments,
and Economics
S.J. Miller and D.L Laudal, University
of North Dakota
Baghouse Performance Advisor: A Knowl-
edge Based Baghouse Operator Advisor
James P. Enkenrode, Gary P. Greiner,
ETS, Inc.,
Earl Lewis, Baltimore Gas and Electric
Company, and Ramsay L. Chang,
Electric Power Research Institute
Efficiency of Fabric Filters and ESPs in
Controlling Trace Metal Emissions from
Coal-Burning Facilities
Roger C. Trueblood, Christopher
Wedig, and Richard J. Gendreau, Stone
& Webster Engineering Corporation
Session 8B: Fundamental
Baghouse Studies
The Structural Analysis of Dust Cakes
Eberhard Schmidt and F. Loffler,
Universitat Karlsruhe
Effects of Additives and Conditioning Agents
on the Filtration Properties of Fly Ash
P. Vann Bush and Todd R. Snyder,
Southern Research Institute
Particle Size Effects on High Temperature
Dust Filtration from a Coal-Fired Atmo-
spheric Fluidized-Bed Combustor
Richard A. Dennis, Larry D. Strickland,
and Ta-Kuan Chiang, U.S. DOE,
Morgantown Energy Technology Center
Institute
Generalization of Laboratory Dust Cake
Characteristics for Full-Scale Applications
Ta-Kuan Chiang, Richard A. Dennis,
Larry D. Strickland, and Charles M.
Zeh, U.S. DOE, Morgantown Energy
Technology Center Institute
Session 9B: High Temperature
Filtration I
High Temperature Filtration Using Ceramic
Filters
LR. White and S.M. Sanocki, 3M
Company
High Temperature Filter Media Evaluation
D.J. Helfritch and P.L Feldman,
Research-Cottrell
Pilot-Scale Performance/Durability Evalua-
tion of 3M Company's High-Temperature
Nextel Filter Bags
G.F. Weber and G.L Schelkoph,
University of North Dakota
Particulate Control in Advanced Coal-based
Power Generating Systems
S.J. Bossart and C.V. Nakaishi, U.S.
DOE Morgantown Energy Technology
Center
Session 10B: High Temperature
Filtration II
Performance of a Hot Gas Cleanup Sys-
tem on a Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Com-
bustor
Jans Andries, J. Bernard, B. Scarlett,
Delft University of Technology, and B.
Pitchumani, I.I.T. Hauz Khas
Electrified Granular Filter for High Tem-
perature Gas Filtration
P.H. deHaan, TNO Center for
Polymeric Materials, M.L.G. van
Gasselt, and L.M. Rappoldt, TNO
Division for Society
Nested Fiber Filter for Particulate Control
Robert D. Litt and H. Nicholas Conkle,
Battelle
Session 11 B: Control of
Emissions from RDF
Incinerators
Particulate Emissions from Prepared Fuel
(RDF) Municipal Waste Incinerators
R.M. Hartman, Resource Recovery
Systems
Condensable Emissions from Municipal
Waste Incinerators
Ashok S. Damle, David S. Ensor,
Research Triangle Institute, and
Norman Plaks, U.S. EPA/AEERL
Treatment of Flue Gas and Residues from
Municipal and Industrial Waste Incinerators
G. Mayer-Schwinning, Lurgi G.m.b.H.
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Geddes H. Ramsey is the EPA Project Officer (see below).
The complete report, entitled "Proceedings: Eighth Symposium on the Transfer and
Utilization of Particulate Control Technology," consists of two volumes:
"Volume I" (Order No. PB94-158938; Cost: $52.00; subject to change)
describes various aspects of ESP control.
Volume II (Order No. PB94-158946; Cost: $77.00; subject to change)
describes various aspects of fabric filtration, particulate control for atmospheric
fluidized-bed combustors and for dry sulfur dioxide control processes, and control
of emissions from municipal waste incinerators.
Both volumes of this report will be available only from:
National Technical Information Service
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
Telephone: 7034874650
The EPA Project Officer can be contacted at:
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Center for Environmental Research Information
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
BULK RATE
POSTAGE & FEES PAID
EPA
PERMIT No. G-35
EPA/600/SR-94/049
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