EPA/625/K-97/002
June 1997
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving
Site Remediation
June 24-25, 1997—Milwaukee, Wl
June 26-27, 1997—Atlanta, GA
July 8-9, 1997—Tacoma, WA
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Research and Development
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Center for Environmental Research Information
I Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
Notice
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) strives to provide accurate, complete, and
useful information. Neither EPA nor any person contributing to the preparation of this
document, however, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the usefulness
or effectiveness of any information, method, or process disclosed in this material. Nor does
EPA assume any liability for the use of, or for damages arising from the use of, any information,
methods, or process disclosed in this document.
Any mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
-------
Table of Contents
Overview of Wood Preserving Site Remediation 1
Douglas W. Grosse
Wood Preserving Industry From the Perspective of RCRA and CERCLA..... 11
George E. Parris
Remediation of Wood Treating Sites: Solidification/Stabilization 17
Edward R. Bates
Wood Preserving Site Remediation Using Solvent Extraction 29
John Markiewicz
Chemical Dechlorination of Wood Preserving Waste Components
Using the Base-Catalyzed Dechlorination (BCD) Process 37
Thomas O. Tiernan
Application of Thermal Desorption to Wood Preserving Sites ".' 49
Paul R. DePercin
Treatment of Wood Preservative Contaminated Groundwater ., 61
Paul C. Kefauver
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July 1997
-------
-------
Overview of Wood Preserving
Site Remediation
Douglas W. Grosse
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation , , June-July 1997
-------
Douglas W. Grosse
Environmental Engineer
Technology Transfer Branch
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268-0001
513-569-7844
Fax: 513-569-7585
E-mail: grosse.douglas@epamail.epa.gov
Douglas Grosse has a B.A. in English literature from Ohio University and an M.S. in environmental science
(engineering) from the University of Cincinnati. He has worked as an environmental engineer at the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in Cincinnati, Ohio, for the past 18 years. He obtained a Certified
Electroplater-Finisher certification from the American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society in 1988.
Mr. Grosse is currently working in EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory. His past
experience includes in-house wastewater and hazardous waste research at EPA's pilot plant facilities;
serving as a pilot facility manager and project officer (Center Hill Laboratory); working on the Superfund
innovative technology evaluation program; serving as a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
corrective action coordinator; and providing technical assistance in Superfund, RCRA, and treatability
studies as an aqueous treatment specialist. Currently, Mr. Grosse is working in technology transfer,
serving as a specialist in site remediation and industrial wastewater treatment.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July, 1997
2
-------
Overview of Wood Preserving Site
Remediation
by
Douglas W. Grosse
US Environmental Protection Agency
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory
Outline
Site Description
Treatability Studies
Technology Applications
Background
Wood Preserving Sites
Contaminants of Concern
Analytical Methods
Presumptive Remedies
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
-------
Ccotemincnt Mg"aHon from Modeled Wood
Preserving Site
Dfsfrlfcution of Wood Preserving
Sitesb/EPARedcn
BAResfcn
1
II
m
IV
V
VI
VM
vw
DC
X
•Wd
NacfSHn ^
17
12
7B
ax
83
KB
a
31
32
S3
749
SITE Characterization Leach Tests (SPLP)
sn*
Anwriam
CnxKXa
Tosrtaw
MeCarnfck
Wodn(l)
320
6X00
O.DOO
PCP(2)
az
72
13
RAH (3)
28
11
14
(2)TEQ-ppq
(3)8APTCQ-ppb
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
-------
Treatability Studies
• startnrsAP
• NPL Sites:
- RAB
-ACW
- MCB
Remedial Action Technology
Description
• Pretreatment
* Soil Treatment
• Groundwater Treatment
'
Remedial Options For Creosote Emulsions
Contaminants of concern: Creosote, PCP, dioxins
Pre-Treatment
01
| EMULSION I — |OIA»aersepariicn|
Was*! —
Treatment,
— ] tncmeratiortl
— | UmeSiB 1 — |Cemem.S/s1
1 Bicfreairrient
p Starred Reactor
Pentcn'sreagentwith
bffllogrcal treaiment
-{MernbraoeSeparaticn
-| FiltratJaTly— |Adsjphonf
)
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
-------
Remedial Options For Creosote Contaminated Soil
Cw&wntnjkftta of concern: Creosote, Pen taehlorophenot. Inorganics, CHoxIns
in
fk*ytl*M _
•t-vwDWi
4 *3*n hMomr -
Pretreatment: Soil Washing
* Objectives
• Wet Screening And Sieving
* Results
Soil Washing Test Procedure
R««. UnpubMwd report (IT, Corp.)
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
-------
Soil Treatment Technology
• Bioremediation
• Immobilization
• Physical Separation
Bioremediation
* Description
• Slurry-Phase
• Fenton's Reagent
• Land Farming
Solidification/stabilization
• Description
• Formulations
• Analytical Procedures
v Treatability Study
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
-------
Thermal Treatment
• Description
• Thermal Desorption
• Incineration
• Case Study
Solvent Extraction
- Description
* Advantages
• Limitations
• Case Study
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition
• Description
• Advantages
• Limitations
• Treatability Study
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
-------
Ground water Technologies
• Photolytic Oxidation
• Carbon Adsorption
* Membrane Separation
Cost Estimate for Water
Treatment Technologies
Technology
Photo Ox
Cabon
HytoJic
Bohaat
Cost
(S'l.ooooa)
3.90-1422
1.38
375
29H4.56
Cost Radars
Baaridty
Cone
Depth
Locaicn
net.
BA199eb
Fi;i9G6a
EFA,1S82a
EF»,1991a
Cost Estimate for Soil
Treatment Technologies
Toctrricgy
SdlWE*!
CostJVlcf*
FX199&3
BM99*
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
-------
-------
The Wood Preserving Industry
From the Perspective of
RCRA and GERCLA
George E. Parris
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation , June-July 1997
11
-------
George E. Parris
American Wood Preservers Institute
2750 Prosperity Avenue - Suite 550
Fairfax, VA 22031-4312
703-204-0500
Fax:703-204-4610
Dr. George E. Parris holds a Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the Georgia Institute of Technology, and
pursued a post-doctoral appointment at the National Bureau of Standards in analytical and environmental
chemistry, where he focused on the environmental chemistry of arsenic. Dr. Parris has worked in the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Toxic Substances, served as a research chemist and
policy analyst for the Food and Drug Administration, and acted as a consultant to EPA regarding the Toxic
Substances Control Act (TSCA) and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) programs. He has
also worked at a private engineering firm, where he managed remediations of Superfund sites and
underground storage tanks. Dr. Parris further coordinated the Department of Energy's (DOE's)
Environmental Restoration Programmatic Environmental Impact Analysis and managed a Corps of
Engineers' project to conduct an installation-wide assessment for Fort Riley, Kansas.
In 1996, he joined the American Wood Preservers Institute as the Director of Environmental and
Regulatory Affairs, and has since visited approximately 30 treating plants and related facilities. He has
been especially active in RCRA; Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act; Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; and Clean Air Act issues that affect the
industry. Dr. Parris has published approximately 20 peer-reviewed basic research papers, a variety of
magazine articles, and a long list of government technical support documents.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July, 1997
12
-------
The Wood Preserving Industry from the
Perspective of RCRA and CERCLA
PresentedBy
George E. Parra, FhJ).
Director o/Ehwronmemai and Regulatory Affairs
American VK»d Preservers Institute
FarThe
USEPAWocdPreseni'mgSitcBemedKum-imd
Techndo& Transfer Seminar Series
History of Modem Wood Preservation and
Environmental Regulation
• 14OO-185O Woodan ships and archaic wood preserving efforts
1 767 Coffer sdfau ncomnen&d /or wood pretavatlan fx &m$e
1832 Pflttnl far praenM&n of weed wah nerauy cUoride (Hymivng)
7836 OwMor cretMMc touted to wood pratrvative in Europe
1&7-9 Feiea* far copper uood praavaOve* iautd fa Ewope
• 1840-1960 Railroad Expansion
1875 R« Mgor craocMe freatfaf fdimt (Wit Paxagotita. Mlutait>tt)
1WI Bou^pratt for trtaOrifVnxtuimcd timber tntrviluced
• 1950-1975 Affluent Suburban Ufestyte Expansion
1950s frntvhlnrophenol enters wood treatment
1965 Production:
Pressure-treated Wood Production (1965)
441 Treating Plants
159 million gallons of creosote
60 million gallons of petroleum (no sjnc)
20 million (rounds of pentachhropheno}
196? CCA Em uitd in utility pok»
1910s Wbodcadedu popular
1970 USEPAettabluhed
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
13
-------
1975-2000 Era at EnvkonnMndl R»s«!«Uon
ttt! KXA l»l Cbpwl Ko«W»i
PreiKlre-trcjtod Wood
Production (1696)
wrnnoiA u*w oaoi, ROT. ro^
RKKU!)
HK KXAICR KM IV (TOU. tCM, FB15)
ACZA.BC;)
W**4 rmtrriaf VM31I7 too**
(•^.t^r""""'"'
at^a 1.111144
«
IBB I
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997.
14
-------
1
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
15
-------
-------
Remediation of Wood Treating Sites:
Solidification/Stabilization
Edward R. Bates
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July 1997
17
-------
Edward R. Bates
Physical Scientist
Site Management Support Branch
Land Remediation & Pollution Control Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7774
Fax:513-569-7676
Edward Bates holds a B.S. and an M.S. in geology from Michigan State University. He has 25 years of
experience in environmental investigation and reclamation. For the past 20 years, Mr. Bates has been
working at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency where he is a specialist in remedial design/remedial
action, solidification/stabilization, and the remediation of battery recycling and wood preserving sites. He
has also worked on the characterization and remediation of 12 wood treating sites and over 40 Superfund
sites.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July, 1997
18
-------
REMEDIATION OF WOOD TREATING SITES
SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION
By
Edward R. Bates
NRMRL/USEPA
Solidification/Stabilization
Purpose: To reduce the mobility of
contaminants
Treated Product Properties
Chemical - SPLP Leachate
PAH's - BaP Potency Equivalents
PCP
Dioxins -TCDDTEQ
Physical
DCS - Unconfined Compressive Strength
Permeability
Volume Expansion
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
19
-------
Dioxin
Untreated
Sils
American Crecsoto (TN)
TcxarkanaWood (TX)
MeCormtek Baxter (CA)
S«tm«(AreaC)(CA)
Leach Tests
Soil (ppq-TEQ)
Totals (1)
50,000,000
8,750,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
TCtP (2)
9.8
14
110
27.9
SPLP (2)
320
6,200
9,800
144
(t)MTO 8,280
(2)MTO8,2SO
PCP Leach Tests
Untreated Soil (ppm) (1)
Site
Totals
TCLP
SPLP
AmcrlcinCreoioto(TN) 200 1.0 8.2
T«xarkantWood(TX) 305 0.7 73.
UcCormlck Baxter (CA) 347 0.36 13
Selma(AreaCXCA) 1,100 3.13 8.5
(1)MTD8270
PAH Leach Tests
Untreated Soil (BaPTEQ - ppb) (1)
Site Totals TCLP SPLP
American Creosote (TN) 29,000 ND(2.8) 2.8
ToxarkanaWood (TX) 43,500 ND(0.9) 11
McCormlck Baxter (CA) 54,000 ND(2.8) 14
(1) MTD 8^70
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
20
-------
Relative Potency Factors for Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP)
Potency Estimates [1 ]
PAH Name - BaP Potency Factor [1]
Benz (a) anthracene 0.1
Benzo (a) pyrene 1.0
Benzo (b) fluoranthene 0.1
Benzo (k) fluoranthene o.01
Chrysene 0.001
Dibenz (a,h) anthracene 1.0
Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene . 0.1
1. Provisional Guidance for Quantitative Risk Assessment of
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. EPA/600/R-93. July 1993.
Solidification/Stabilization
Treatability Test Results for 3 sites
Selma Pressure Treating
Selma, California
Contaminants: POP, CCA
Remediated 1993
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
21
-------
Selma Performance Samples
PCP (ppm)
Untreated
Total
TCLP
SPLP
Treated
1,100 —
3.1 <0.1
39 <0.1
Selma Performance Samples
Dioxins (TEQ - ppq)
Untreated
Treated
Total
TCLP
SPLP
12,000,000
28
144
0.025
-------
Selma Performance Samples
Chromium (ppm)
Untreated
Treated
Total
TCLP
SPLP
223
0.04
0.01
0.20
0.10
Selma Performance Samples
Physical Properties
ucs
Permeability
Volume Increase
>100psi
<1X10-7 cm/sec
= 35%
McCormick/Baxter Site
Stockton, California
Treatability Study
Contaminants: PCP, PAHs, Dioxins
Reagent Cost « $50/Ton Raw Soil
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
23
-------
McCormick/Baxter
POP (ppm)
Untreated
Treated
Total
TCLP
SPLP
347
0.36
13.0
NO (0.001)
ND (0.001)
McCormick/Baxter
DIoxins (TEQ - ppq)
Untreated Treated
Total
TCLP
SPLP
14,000,000
110
9,800
26
11
McCormick/Baxter
PAHs (BaPTEQ - ppb)
Untreated Treated
Total
TCLP
SPLP
54,000 —
ND (2.8) ND (2.8)
14 ND (2.8)
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
24
-------
McCormick/Baxter
Arsenic (ppb)
Untreated
Treated
Total
TCLP
SPLP
80,000
191
189
—
64.4
ND(20.0)
American Creosote Site
Jackson, Tennessee
Treatability Study
Contaminants: PCP,Dioxins, PAHs
American Creosote
PCP (ppm)
Target Untreated Treated $20* Treated $62*
Total — 200 — —
TCLP — 1.000
SPLP 0.200 8.200
2.500
1.900
0.012
'Formula Cost Only
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
25
-------
American Creosote
Dioxins (TEQ - ppq)
Target Untreated Treated $20 Treated $62
Tola) —
TCLP —
SPtP 30
50,000,000
9.8
320
14
9.6
14
American Creosote
PAHs (BaPTEQ - ppb)
Target Untreated Treated $20 Treated $62
Total — 29,000 — —
TCLP — ND(2.8) ND(2.8) —
SPLP 10 2.8 ND(2.8) ND (2.8)
American Creosote
Physical Properties
Target
Treated $20 Treated $62
DCS 100 1,071 1,240
(P«0
Permeability 1X10* 1.1X10* 4.1X10'7
(Cm/sec)
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
26
-------
Texarkana Wood Site
Texarkana, Texas
Treatability Study
Contaminants: POP, Dioxins, PAHs
Texarkana Wood Site
PCP(ppm)
Target Untreated Treated $54* Treated $66*
Total —
TCLP —
SPLP 0.20
305
0.69
7.2
0.077
0.15
0.005
0.07
•Formula Reagent Cost Only
Texarkana Wood Site
Dioxins (TEQ - ppq)
Target Untreated Treated $54* Treated $66*
Total — 8,750,000 —
TCLP — 14 17
SPLP 30 6,200 12
17
29
'Cost of Reagents Only
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
27
-------
Texarkana
PAHs (BaPTEQ-ppb)
Target Untreated Treated $54' Treated $66*
ToUJ — 43,500 — —
TCLP — NO (0.9) 4.1 NO (3.6)
SPLP 10 11 NO (0.8) <0.98
•Reagent Cott Only
Texarkana Wood Site
Physical Properties
Target
UCS 100
(pll)
Permeability 1X10*
(cm/Mtc)
Treated $54* Treated $66*
620 340
5.6X10-7 1.4X10-7
•Reagent Cost Only
Typical Achievable Results
SPLP PCP
SPLP DIoxIns
SPLP PAHs
UCS
Pomwablllty
<0.2 ppm
<30 ppqTEQ
<10ppbasBaPTEQ
>100ps!
<1X10-6 cm/sec
Reagent Formula Cost $40-70/Ton Soil
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
28
-------
Wood Preserving Site Remediation
Using Solvent Extraction
John Markiewicz
.Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July 1997
29
-------
John Markiewicz
Chemical Engineer
C3 Engineering
P.O. Box726
Andover, MA 01810
508-475-5540
Fax: 508-475-5540
E-mail: johnpm@tiac.net
John Markiewicz earned his B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. He has 17
years of technical experience developing chemical processes and process improvements for
commercialization. During the course of his association with CF Systems Corporation, Mr. Markiewicz
accumulated over 9 years' experience working with an innovative solvent extraction technology using
liquefied gases and supercritical fluids. In his role as Development Manager, he designed, conducted, and
managed laboratory and pilot-scale studies used to develop and optimize the technology for specific
chemical and environmental applications in industry and government. He then assumed technical
responsibility for the start-up and safe operation of CF Systems' first commercial unit—an extraction
process using liquefied propane in a resource recovery/waste minimization application for a major U.S.
Gulf coast refinery.
Mr. Markiewicz is the founder of C3 Engineering, which provides high quality process engineering services
to industry and government. He recently contracted with CF Environmental Corporation to provide
engineering services in support of a commercial extraction and remediation process at a former wood
treating site contaminated with polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pentachlorophenol, furans, and dioxin. Mr.
Markiewicz has presented and published numerous papers and is a member of the American Institute of
Chemical Engineers.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July, 1997
30
-------
Wood Preserving Site
Remediation using
Solvent Extraction
John Markiewicz
v_
Introduction
• More Than 50 Wood Treating Sites In U.S.
Requiring Remedial Action
• Contaminamts of Concern Include:
- Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons
- Pentachlorophenol
- Furans
- Dioxin
Introduction (continued)
• Bench and Pilot Scale Treatability Studies
Demonstrated Solvent Extraction as a
Viable Technology
• CF Environmental Corporation Currently in
Commercial Start-Up of a Solvent
Extraction Facility in Conroe, TX
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
31
-------
Advantages of Solvent Extraction
• Accept Variety/Levels of Organic
Contaminants in Soils, Sludges, Sediments
• Removes Organic Contaminants One to
Several Orders of Magnitude
• Environmentally Friendly - no combustion,
pyrolysis, etc.
• Commercially Proven and Available
Limitations of Solvent Extraction
• Solvents Are Flammable, Toxic or Both
• May Not Be Cost Effective for Small
Quantities
• Potential for Emulsion Formation
• Technology Does Not Destroy Organic
Contaminants
• Technology Typically Is Limited to 99.5%
or Less Reduction of Organics
Solvent Extraction Variables
• Contactor Type (Mixer, Packed Bed, Etc.)
• Solvent Type
• Solvent to Feed Ratio
• Extraction Stages
• Contact Time
• Extraction Temperature
• Feed Pretreatment Requirements
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
32
-------
Criteria for Solvent Selection
• Effectiveness in Extracting the
Contaminants from the Waste Matrix
• Economical Separation of Solvent from the
Contaminants for Recovery and Reuse
• Low Solvent Cost and Toxicity
Solvent Types
• Liquefied Gases
- propane, butane, dimethyl ether
• Supercritical Fluids
- carbon dioxide
• Critical Solution Temperature Solvents
- triethylamine, diethylamine
• Conventional Hydrocarbon Solvents
- alkanes, alcohols, ketones
Solvent Extraction Process Schematic
Contaminated
Matrix
Concentrated
Organic
Mate-up Product
Solvent
Treated Solids
Product
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
33
-------
Solvent Extraction Vendors
• CF Environmental Corporation
- liquefied gas solvents, supercritical fluids
• Terra-Kleen Corporation
- conventional hydrocarbon solvents
• Biotherm, LLC
- conventional hydrocarbon solvents
• Resources Conservation Company
- critical solution temperature solvents
CF Systems' Performance Data (Pilot Scale)
United Creosoting Superfund Site
Non-Carcinogenic PAHs
Compound (mg/kg;
Naptatene 590
AcorapMiyfene 15
Accraphthcnc 360
Ffuoime 380
Phonanthrene 590
Anttaccnc 330
Roaranthene 360
Pywne 360
Total nc-PAHs 2965
Treated
(mg/kg)
1,5
3.0
3,4
3,8
CF Systems' Performance Data (Pilot Scale)
United Creosoting Superfund Site
Carcinogenic PAHs
Compound
Oiyuno
BoraxXataflhiacene
Berao8>)luomnitene
Borao(a)pymne
Dbonzo(aJi)anttvacene NO
BoreofgJiiJperylene
Total c-PAHs :
&PAHs(BAPequiv.) 54,3
Treated Reduction
(tng/kg) (%)
" 1 91.7
T 92.1
u 66,0
9.7 81.0
12 75.0
11 42.1
4.3 NA
40.0
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
34
-------
CF Systems' Performance Data (Pilot Scale)
United Creosoting Superfund Site
Pentachlorophenol
Compound
Pentachlorophenol
Treated Reduction
(mg/kg) - (%) ,
Factors Impacting Cost
• Quantity of Material Requiring Treatment
• Project Duration
• Required Treatment Levels
Reference
• EPA's Engineering Bulletin on Solvent
Extraction
- Document # EPA/540/S-94/503
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
35
-------
-------
Chemical Dechlorination of Wood
Preserving Waste Components
Using the Base-Catalyzed
Dechlorination (BCD) Process
Thomas O. Tlernan
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July 1997
37
-------
Thomas O. Tiernan
Toxic Contaminant Research Program
Wright State University
175 Brehm Laboratory
3640 Colonel Glenn Highway
Dayton, OH 45435
937-775-2202
Fax: 937-775-3807
Thomas Tiernan holds a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Windsor and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in
chemistry from Carnegie-Mellon University. For the past 22 years, he has directed an extensive
environmental research program at Wright State University, developing and implementing complex
analytical methods to characterize toxic organic chemicals in numerous media. This has helped develop
several analytical protocols that have been applied in the conduct of numerous environmental assessments
and remedial action programs. Dr. Tiernan's labpratory has also conducted studies in connection with the
assessment and cleanup of hazardous products resulting from fires involving polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB) dielectric fluid- transformers; related studies have been aimed at evaluating the risks posed by toxic
organics generated by municipal and hazardous waste incinerators. Prior to joining the faculty of Wright
State University, Dr. Tiernan was a U.S. Air Force civilian research scientist and laboratory director for 15
years at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, where he was the scientific and administrative director of a large
research group that encompassed both in-house and external contract research programs in physical,
analytical, and environmental chemistry. These programs involved studies of radiation chemistry of
fundamental electron, ion and free radical processes, as well as development of specialized mass
spectrornetric and related instrumentation. The latter phases of this work involved studies to assess the
environmental impact and to achieve ultimate disposal of the inventory of Agent Orange.
Dr. Tiernan is currently a professor of chemistry and the director of the Brehm Laboratory at Wright State
University. Recent research and development work by Dr. Tiernan's laboratory is concerned with
alternative chemical treatment technologies for remediation of hazardous waste sites, particularly for
dehalogenation of PCBs, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, various
chlorinated pesticides and solvents, and contaminated soils. These studies are currently focused on the
Base-Catalyzed Decomposition Process. Dr. Tiernan has authored more than 200 publications; presented
invited lectures through the United States, Canada, Europe, and Japan; and organized and chaired
symposia at both national and international scientific conferences. Dr. Tiernan has served as a critical
reviewer of EPA reports and documents, including several recent Health Assessment, Chemical Criteria,
and Remedial Technology documents, as well as reports relating to specific environmental assessments
conducted by EPA and its contractors. Dr. Tiernan has also served on many peer review panels to review
and evaluate EPA, U.S. Department Of Energy, U.S. Air Force, and U.S. Army research programs. Dr.
Tiernan is a member of the National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council Committee on
Alternative Chemical Demilitarization Technologies.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July, 1997
38
-------
CHEMICAL DECHLORINATION
OF WOOD PRESERVING WASTE
COMPONENTS USING THE
BASE-CATALYZED
DECHLORINATION (BCD) PROCESS
THOMAS O. TIERNAN, PH.D.
WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY
BREHM LABORATORY
DAYTON, OH 45435
MAJOR TOXIC CONTAMINANTS
IN PENTACHLOROPHENOL
WOOD PRESERVING MATERIALS
CHLOROPHENOLS
(PENTA-, TETRA-, TRICHLORINATED)
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p- DIOXINS
AND POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS
(PRINCIPALLY HEXA-, HEPTA- AND
OCTACHLORINATED)
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
(ACENAPHTHENE, ANTHRACENE,
BENZ(a)ANTHRACENE, CHRYSENE,
FLUORANTHENE, PHENANTHHENE, PYRENE)
POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-p-DIOXINS
(PCDDs) AND POLYCHLORINATED
DIBENZOFURANS (PCDFs)
75 PCDD ISOMERS AND 135 PCDFISOMERS
RANGING FROM MONO- THROUGH
OCTACHLORINATED
2,3,7,8-SUBSTITUTED ISOMERS ARE
CONSIDERED TO BE MORE TOXIC
2,3,7,8-TETRACHOLORDIBENZO-p-DIOXIN
(TCDD) MOST TOXIC SINGLE ISOMER
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
39
-------
BASE-CATALYZED DECHLORINATION
(BCD) PROCESS
A CATALYTIC HYDROGENAT1ON PROCESS IN WHICH
CHLORINE ATOMS ARE REMOVED FROM CHLORINATED
MOLECULES AND REPLACED BY HYDROGEN ATOMS
) f-ss.) [tar]
IT HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT BCD OF POLYCHLORINATED
MOLECULES SUCH AS PCDOs. PCOFs, PCBs OCCURS BY
STEPWISe REMOVAL OF CHLORINE ATOMS BEGINNING WITH
THE HIGHER CHLORINATED ISOMERS AND CONTINUING TO
THE LOWER CHLORINATED ISOMERS UNTIL
DECHLORINATK5N IS COMPLETE
MATERIALS SUBJECTED TO BCD
IN THE PRESENT BENCH-SCALE STUDY
WASTE CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS CONTAINING
CHOLOROPHENOLS, PCDDs, PCDFs AND
PAHs WERE EXTRACTED FROM
CONTAMINATED WOOD PRESERVING SITE
SOILS BY:
1) THERMAL DESORPTION
2) SOLVENT EXTRACTION
THE ORGANIC PHASE OF THESE EXTRACTS
WAS SUBJECTED TO BCD TREATMENT
| lABCnATORY SCALE REACTOR FOB BCD TREATMENT STUDIES |
Carbon Trip
TC •Thtrmocoupto
SyringcPump <
Upper Healing Mantle
Lower Heating Mantle
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
40
-------
Experimental Parameters for BCD Treatabiltty Tests
Tact Parameter Preliminary Te«t
-------
Analytical ResUts from Final BCD Treatabiltty Test
Ccnctrtudailn Cencentaticmln
SB»TCOF
tSMW
tgcwNOO
12JC»IUCCP
taetuoF
tODUUXO
an
S.47
2M
m
a«
315
SO
MJ(M03i)
to peon)
tOfUOOl
H>P.OOK)
SDP.OOO)
HXMosi)
HJtlOOT!?
ftocdtaol Rral BCD Treetability Tost -
DtcaltVFuran Concentrations Expressed as Toxic EqUvalcnls (TEQ)
SC rotalroM
>«
«o
44.1
TOT.1W
tO.
tMtfVKUMfarcylnmrtft'T&'MKtwnh
BwetfooProdurt
TCOD-TCg-
wiaoxa
ICIOCtKl
KHUXOOI
QCOC«)
QOCOH
amxo
Analytical FtesUtsfromRnal BCD
Trcotability Test (confinued)
Coroortntfonln Cuuiiitficnin
•RUHCCO
ZM
117
ttSO
21700
41X
ropcmfl
N3(XOOSI)
•EatFtOF
•KMHCCF
N3(10QZI)
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
42
-------
Analytical Resiits from final BCD
TreatabilityTest (continued)
Concentration in
Orqaric Extract
12£00
197
Concentration in
Reaction Ptaduct
R^tedTlcrcphsncI
£3^4,6 - TetracHcrcphend
a4,5-TricttopFtencl
a4,6-TrichfcroFher.d
M5- Net detected st the nqxcting ImL Rgxrting lirritS£ted«npara*ieses,
ND(Q00D)
ND(<1010)
N3(0.010)
AnelylicalHesultsframFirelBCD
TneatebiIiyTest(conHrijsd)
Percent Reductions in Contaminant Concentrations in
Organic Extract Achieved by BCD Treatment
1237W6CDF
1237frP«COD
234784'eCDF
Inorganic
NO(0.0031)
NO (0.0034)
NO (0.0024)
ND (0.0030)
NO (0.0053)
ND(aooeo)
ND (0.0056)
ND (0.0049)
NO (0.0034)
ND (0.0040)
Pvrcent RoducUon In
Contaminant ConcantnHon
Betwoon Extract and
NO (0.16)
N0(ai7)
NO (0.12)
ND(0.1S)
ND(0.27)
ND(0.30)
ND(OiB)
»99.9 >99.9
>99.9 >99.9
Dd d Bw repoclfng In*. Reporting ITT* slat od h parentnose^
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
43
-------
Percent Reductions In Contaminant
Concentrations In Organic Extract
Achieved by BCD Treatment (continued)
Ompud
Hm
MrfTCCO 3T4 H3{a03n| 10(017} >«S
TtiufhGCO H7 rO(caaw) fOfatT) >«a9
T*rfHCCO W» W(C3»I) H3tQ27) X09
acaa wtax&q to (027) »eaa
4t4 tojcxis) fOfajq >«j
9M M3(t302J) rO(&«) >COA
IMP WfUom tOplW) >*09
tt«D K}(C064 fO(U7) s«09
S s tU *MMl M M*pi*«tTtlHti*<: Ml MMdln
Rtadfcio Product
61
Percent Reductions in Contaminant
Concentrations in Organic Extract
Achieved by BCD Treatment (continued)
ConamtraUon Concentration
In In
Oracle extract Brocilon Product
Percent Reduction in
Contaminant
Concentration
Between Extract and
ftMcllon Product
NO (100) NO (5,000) .97.0 NC
NOtttCOO) NO (1.0) >09.9 >99.9
NO (1010) WO (005) >99.9 >89.7
CUX Analyses-Duplicate Results for Organic Extract
CcrnpouidNvn
UJCStkXf
tactiwxF
ewxuxo
ZWCTIWIf
reygfrdB
an
SL47
s«
HI
m
K4
4SS
4M1
104
ZSED
12^00
rgfafppbl no/qfppb> RPD
<£8
S3*
178
039
463
44S
102
see
OOQD
OOP
mooo
«,tco
zso
12A»
NO (305)
I36.OO
16.000
177
812
46.4
445
103
311
NC
Z270
12500
NC
190,000
16^00
10B
241
093
280
0
1.13
as?
1.94
1.94
272
NO
1.€0
NC
7.87
0.59
M tf» npa&g In*, ftpcrtng Srr* «Jtod h pawthewa.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
44
-------
QA Analyses -Duplicate Results
for Organic Extract (continued)
Compound Name
DioxJnsandFm-ans
ToMTCOD
Total PeCOD
Total HxCDD
Total 1-fcCOD
TotalTCDF
TotalPeCOF
Total HxCOF
Total HJCDF
Total CDft
Total CDDs
Total CDWCDDs
Sample Ftesult
nqfq(ppb)
27.4
117
1,750
24,700
41.4
526
2920
12400
32,900
209,000
242,000
Duplicate Rest*
nqfqfppbl
33.7
122
1,790 .
23.500
42,0
S35
3,110
12500
33,100
223,000
256,000
Average
m/adxtii
30.6
120
1,770
24,100
41.7
531
3,020
12500
33,000
216,000
249,000
RPO
20.6
4.18
226
4.98
1.44
1.70
6.30
0.803
0.606
6.43
5.62
QAAiaiyses
Otficste Ftesilts for Organc Extract
(corflinued)
Sanpte Duplicate
Ftesdt Rsaft Aaage TO
1^900 1Q7CO 11,800 186
2i54,6-TdraHaqteid 197 234 216 172
QA Analyses - Duplicate Results
for Organic Extract (continued)
Sanpte Duplicate
torepWhcno
MSwacax,
Benzfajarfriracena
Ber^jnucrarthene
BercoOOflucraUriena
BereotaJnraw
Chrysow
Ruorcrthena
RuDrene
Fhcnartfirem
2^30
1,920
aooo
1.780
1.350
847
aaio
6,910
580
2,870
9,300
2260
2070
2100
1,520
1,150
813
23SO
7.C90
580
2730
9,230
2,300
1,990
2050
1.660
1^50
830
2280
7,000
580
2800
9,270
aos
7.52
4.88
1S8 . . _
16JD -
4.10
6,14
257
0
£03
. 0.76 -
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
45
-------
fagjg*
QA Analyses - MS/MSD Results for Treated Soils
Duplicate Duplicate
Split* Splk*
Adcfcd RMtitl %
ngfg pgfg Racovafy RPD
IJS
ZU
NO
M3 ZM
NO ZSO
NO ZM 2*S
NO 2» «
NO ZM IW
HO ZU ZIO
NO awo za
NO
ZW 2S
Z» 244
ISO ZM
t.eo
103
i.eo
250
ZSO
250
250
250
ZGO
250
250
250
2£0
osn
250
2C8
2M
248
230
287
121
07.6
115
213
15.1
100 237
832 1£4
8Z4 17J
»2 . 0.81
112 aw
lOfl 22S
100 4.41
992 ass
OZfl 5^1
115 aas
QA Annlyscs - MS/MSO Results for Treated Soil
*PSU
SJOO
Uttl
Surrogate Recoveries Achieved In Method 8270 Analyses
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
46
-------
Conclusions
The BCD process effectively and rapidly
dechlorinates all chlorophenols, PCDD's
and PCDF's present in wood preserving
waste solutions extracted from
contaminated soil.
BCD treatment has no significant effect on
most of the PAHs found in wood
preserving waste solutions extracted from
contaminated soil.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
47
-------
-------
Application of Thermal Desorption
to Wood Preserving Sites
Paul R De Percin
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July 1997
49
-------
Paul R. De Percin
Demonstration Section
Site Demonstration and Evaluation Branch
Superfund Technology Demonstration Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513-569-7797
Fax:513-569-7105
E-mail: depercin.paul@epamail.epa.gov
Paul R. De Percin earned his B.S. in chemical engineering from the University of Maryland. He has been
employed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the past 25 years. Mr. De Percin
worked for 8 years in Air and Water Enforcement at three offices (Baton Rouge, Chicago, and Denver)
before joining the Office of Research and Development in Cincinnati, where he performed air emission
research from industrial facilities.
Mr. De Percin is currently employed by EPA as a project engineer in the Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation program. He researches air emissions from Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and
Superfund sites as well as hazardous waste treatment processes, and performs field demonstrations of
new and innovative hazardous waste treatment technologies at Superfund sites. Mr. De Percin also
provides technical assistance to the regional and state regulatory agencies.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July, 1997
50'
-------
APPLICATION OF THERMAL
DESORPTION TO WOOD
PRESERVING SITES
Presentation
Thermal Desorption Types
Wood Preserving Site
Characteristics And Issues
Case Studies
Thermal Desorption Definition
An ex-situ process for physically
separating organic contaminants from
solids by heating to temperatures high
enough to volatilize the contaminants.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
51
-------
Thermal Desorption
TD Types
Type 1 - True" Thermal Desorber
Separation Process
Type 2 - Incinerator
Destruction Process
Thermal Desorption
Laws / Regulations
Type 1 for Hazardous Waste Federal -
CERCLA Subpart X ; Miscellaneous
Type 2 for Non-Hazardous Waste; LIST
State Regulations Primarily Air Pollution
Limitations; No Federal Regulations
Thermal Desorption
Type 1 - "True" TD
Recovery or Non-Destructive Air
Pollution Control System
No Flame in the Primary Heating Unit
Residuals Disposal Required
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
52
-------
Thermal Desorption
Type 2 TD
• An Incinerator
• Afterburner Part of Air Pollution
Control System
• Flame Destruction in Primary Unit
• Few Residuals Requiring Disposal
Thermal Desorption
Guidance / Policies
USEPA Presumptive Remedy
EPA/540/R-95/128 12/1995
Engineering Forum Issue Paper
EPA/540/F-95/031 It/1996.
ITRC Technical Requirements
Wood Preserving
Chemical Components
PAHs, Creosote, BNAs, Diesel
Fuel.Semivolatile Organics
PCP - Pentachlorophenol
CAC - Chromium, Arsenic and Copper
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving'Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
53
-------
Wood Preserving Sites
PAHs Treatment
• Type 1 TD - Proven Effective up To
50,000 ppm Residual Contamination
in Soils
• Type 2 TD - Proven Effective
Little Contamination in Soil
Wood Preserving Sites
Type 1 PAHs Treatment Issues
• PAHs not highly toxic PPM
Residuals Okay
• Air Emissions of Non-Condensable
Organics
Wood Preserving Sites
Type 2 PAHs Treatment Issues
• Incineration of PAHs is Effective, Safe
and Less Expensive than Type 1 TD
• Formation of Dioxins/Furans Cannot
Occur (no chlorine)
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
54
-------
Wood Preserving Sites
PCP Treatment
Type 1 TD - Proven by Treatability
Studies
Type 2 TD - Proven by Hazardous
Waste Incineration Studies
Wood Preserving Sites
Type 1 PCP Treatment Issues
PCP Air Emissions Will Occur,
But Very Limited
Dioxins / Furans in Soil will be
Removed and Concentrated in Air
Pollution Control Residuals
Wood Preserving Sites
Type 2 PCP Treatment Issues
Dioxin / Furan and PIC Formation
And Emissions
Hazardous Waste Incinerator
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
55
-------
Wood Preserving Sites
CAC Treatment
Type 1 Ineffective
No Air Emission Problems
Type 2 Ineffective
Air Emission Problems
Wood Preserving Sites
Case Study #1 - SMWT
Soil Concentration (ppb)
PCP
TCDDTEQ
Phonanthrene
Naphthalene
Initial
18,000
74.7
39,000
27,000
Rnal
<1700
1.6
18
ND (40)
Typ>tTO«800cFM10n*iu!ojroildoncollmo
Wood Preserving Sites
Case Study #1 - SMWT
Air Emission Concentrations
CO - 928.7 ppmv
THC-251.1 ppmv
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
56
-------
Wood Preserving Sites
Case Study #2 - PP
Soil Concentration (ppb)
Initial Final
PGP 9,000 <300
PAHs 3,428,000 2,250
Type 1 TD at 900oF at 85 minutes residence time
Wood Preserving Sites
Case Study #3 - PP
Oil & Grease
TCDDTEQ
^
Soil Concentration (ppb)
Initial ' Final
1,180,000 21
566 5
Type 1 TD at 980oF
Wood Preserving Sites
Case Study #4 - NMPC
Type 2 TD - Incinerator Afterburner
Included in APC
MPG - Manufactured Gas Plant
Four Heavy Organic Wastes
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
57
-------
Wood Preserving Sites
Case Study #4 - NMPC
PAH Waste Concentrations (ppm)
Initial Final
Coke Plant 320 13
Purifier Bed 1040 5.1
Harbor Sediments 1624 5.5
Water Gas Plant 4420 26
600-800oFTypa2TD
Wood Treating Sites
Case Study #4 - NMPC
Arsenic Concentrations
Coko Plant
Purifier Bod
Harbor Sediments
Water Gas Plant
Feed Soil
ppm
35
59
27
61
Treated Soil
ppm
35
59
35
140
Air Emissions
ib/hr
0.0007
0.0024
0.0004
0.0004
Wood Treating Sites
Case Study #4 - NMPC
Cyanide Concentrations (ppm)
Feed Soil Treated Soil
Coko Plant 730 21
Purifier Bed 1120 0.24
Harbor Sediments 9.3 0.23
Wator Gas Plant 4.3 0.2
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
58
-------
Wood Treating Sites
Case Study #4 - NMPC
Destruction and Removal Efficiency (ORE)
Naphthalene
Total Xylenes
99.97 - 99.9998 %
'99.990 - 99.9992 %
Wood Preserving Sites
TD Summary and Conclusions
Thermal Desorption is Proven Effective and a
Presumptive Remedy
Air Emissions and Control are Major Concerns and
Focus of Regulatory Agencies
Site Contaminants Control Type of Thermal Desorber
and Process Conditions that can be Used
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
59
-------
-------
Treatment of Wood Preservative
Contaminated Ground Water
Paul C. Kefauver
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation - . ~. June-July 1997
61
-------
Paul C. Kefauver
Operations Manager
IT Corporation
U.S. EPA Test and Evaluation Facility
1600 Gest Street
Cincinnati, OH 45204
513-569-7061
Fax: 513-569-7707
Paul C. Kefauver earned his B.S. and M.S. from the University of Cincinnati. Mr. Kefauver is a certified
hazardous materials manager with 21 years of experience in environmental sciences, including 15 years
of experience in hazardous waste management and related areas. He is IT Corporation's Operations
Manager for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Test and Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio,
where he is responsible for all aspects of on-site operations at the 24,000 square foot treatability study
facility. He has conducted or coordinated treatability studies on contaminated soils, surface water, and
ground water.
In addition, Mr. Kefauver has conducted numerous environmental compliance assessments for commercial
and industrial waste transportation and disposal activities at numerous Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act facilities; Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act/Superfund sites; and Department of Defense sites. He has also prepared Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986 Title III Form Rs and Canadian National Pollutants Release Inventory reports,
and developed pollution prevention baseline inventories, pollution prevention program management plans,
and pollution prevention opportunity assessments.
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation June-July, 1997
62
-------
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
63
-------
'McCormick/BaxterSite
• Historical Wood Preserving Operations (1942 to 1991)
- Ammonlacal Copper Arsenals (ACA or Chemonite)
- Ammonkwl Copper-Zint Arsenale (ACZA)
- Creosote
- PcRlathlorophenol (PCP) In Diesel
- PCP In Uqueflcd Petroleum Cos (CEUON)
- Chtomalcd Copper Arsenale (CCA)
'McCormick/BaxterSite
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
64
-------
• McCormick/Baxter Site
Two Main Aquifers:
- 20 feet below ground surface
- 175 feet below ground surface
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
65
-------
'McCormick/Baxter Site
Groundwaler Treat ability Studies:
— Granular Activated Carbon using an Accelerated Column Test
(ACT)—conducted by Calgon Carbon, Inc.
- UVOxWation/PftcoJddaHon conducted by Vulcan Peroxidation
Systems, Inc. (now Calgon Carbon Oxidation Technologies)
•Groundwater Treatment Target Levels
for McCormick/Baxter Groundwater Contaminants
Contaminant
MO.'(ppb)
B
-------
• McCormick/Baxter Carbon-Treated Water
Measured Concentrations and Calculated Equivalency Factors
Simulated Day
Simulated amount treated (1 0* gal)
Simulated carbon use (lb/1000 gal)
Contaminant
. Benzo{a)pyrene *
BAP equivalence
KP
2,3,7,8-TCDD
TCDD-TEF
MCL
0.2
0.2
1.0
3x1 f
3xl3x]0-'
UM*
«a
Sample
Day 3
114.3
13.432
0.37
ND
0
tut
NA
HA
ACT
Sample
Day 6
235.8
27.704
0.18
ND
0
8000
Noaxio4
2.4xIO!
•ND = Not Detected at detection limit
'NA = Not analyzed
•UV Oxidation/Peroxidation
Groundwater Treatment Conditions
Test
No.
'
*
'
Treatment
Timo(mln)
• (MM) -
M
U
U
u
«
10**)
M
S-:-
Hydrogen Peroxide
Prefiher Concentration (mg/L}
mem nt
i~" IM
*™ 1>0
S-P> IM
™" "*
Initial
pH
"
u
7.5
U
UVLamp
Type
i
!
a
j
s
- s
t
F- -
Catalyst
Added (mg/L
""
•—
s
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm.
• McCormkk/Baxter UV Oxidation/Peroxidation Treated Water
Measured Concentrations and Calculated Equivalency Factors
Test No.
_L
JL
TreatmentTlme(mln) 2.0 10 2.0 1.0 2.0 10 2.0 1.0 1.0
Contaminant MCI Inlluent
Ben-o(q>yrene 0.2 ND-37 24 2i 3i 28 NOT ND ND 29 I
BAP Equivalence 0.2 0-66 36.6- 38J- 52J- 42.1- 0
424 44.2 60.2 48.7
PCP
1.0 7500- 120
8000
0 IAA- 1.9-
51.6 2.5
570 51 40 38 180 39 7
•ND = Not Detected at detection limit
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
67
-------
•Comparison of MtCormldc/Baxter
Water Treatment System Designs and Costs
Cost
TrwtmeuJTtaB
Capital (S)
Operation/Maintenance
(S/lOOOgoi)
Cattoa Treatment
UVtoMalJon/fMwJiiaHon'
80,000
1.19
312195-385,000 733-8.08
• D«%«d fot KP dtthucflsH on!/
>Oil/Water Separation
' Belt Skimmer
•Airlift Pump
1 Oil/Water Separator
•Emulsified Oil Treatment
• Addrfy Wafer
Seminar Series on Wood Presen/ing Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
68
-------
> Groundwater Treatment
1 Oil/Water Separation
1 Oil Treatment
- Recycle/Reuse
- Incineration
1 Water Treatment
- Emulsified Oil Removal
- Prefiltralion
- Final Treatment
1 Final Water Treatment Alternatives
Membrane Technology
- Reverse Osmosis
- Nanofiltration
Advanced Oxidation
Carbon Treatment
Seminar Series on Wood Preserving Site Remediation
June-July, 1997
69
&U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997 - 549-080/60008 ~
-------
------- |