United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of
Research and
Development
EPA/625/N-96/001
September 1996
r/EPA
hnology
nsfer
HIGHLIGHTS
The following technology transfer products were developed by
the Center for Environmental Research Information (CERI) over
the past year. These products are available and can be obtained
from CERI using the form on page 11.
Process Design Manual for Land Application of
Sewage Sludge and Domestic Septage
(EPA/625/R-95/001)
Almost 33 percent of the 5.4 million dry metric tons of sewage
sludge generated annually in the U.S. is land applied. Of the sewage
sludge that is land applied, approximately 67 percent is land applied
on agricultural lands, 3 percent on forest lands, 9 percent on
reclamation sites, 9 percent on public contact sites, and 12 percent
is sold or given away. In addition, almost 8.6 billion gallons of
domestic septage are generated annually. In 1993, the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency promulgated 40 CFR Part 503 to regulate
the use and disposal of sewage sludge. The information in this
manual is intended for use by municipal wastewater treatment and
sludge management authorities; project planners and designers;
regional, state, and local governments concerned with permitting
and enforcing federal sludge management regulations; and consult-
ants in relevant disciplines such as engineering, soil science, and
agronomy. The manual is intended to provide general guidance and
basic information on the planning, design, and operation of sewage
sludge land application projects for one or more of the following
design practices:
Agricultural land application (crop production, improvement of
pasture and rangeland)
Forest land application (increased tree growth)
Land application at reclamation sites (mine spoils, construction
sites, gravel pits)
Land application at public use sites (such as parks, golf
courses, lawns, and home gardens).
The manual gives state-of-the art design information for the land
application of sewage sludge.
Process Capsule Reports For Treatment Of Metal
Finishing Industry Wastewaters
Two Process Capsule Reports have been prepared that address
evaporation and reverse osmosis. These reports include a process
description, applications analysis, O&M considerations and a failure
analysis. These failure analyses focus on process failures which
result in releases of liquids and vapors to the environment. Such
cross-media contamination has received a great deal of attention in
the management of control technologies. The process descriptions
for each featured technology include their respective principles of
operation, specific applications, equipment employed, and a failure
analysis categorizing failures with respect to their probability of
occurrence (high, moderate, and low) and cause. In addition, each
capsule report provides a select reference section for further reading.
These reports will enable metal finishing operations to evaluate
options for employing physical/chemical separation control tech-
nologies in treating process wastewaters.
Evaporation Process Capsule Report
(EPA/625/R-96/008)
Evaporation has been an established technology in the metal
finishing industry for many years. In this process, wastewaters
containing reusable materials, such as copper, nickel, or chromium
compounds, are heated, producing a water vaporthat is continuously
removed and condensed. Failure analysis has shown that to a high
degree of probability, seals, valves, and fittings can fail as a result of
overheating, mechanical stress, and changes in ambient tempera-
ture. Evaporator failure can be caused by foaming and entrainment.
When considering a moderate degree of probability of failure, relief
valves can fail as a result of overpressure during startups, upsets and
shutdowns, as well as, plugging of piping and membrane modules
due to solids build-up. Lower probability of failure can be attributed
to freezing and miscellaneous mechanical failures.
Reverse Osmosis Process Capsule Report
(EPA/625/R-96/009)
Reverse osmosis is a membrane separation process designed to
treat wastewater containing a variety of contaminants including
organic compounds. Recent advances in the application of this
control technology feature higher feed flow velocities, greater toler-
The Center for Environmental Research Information
The Bridge Between Research and Implementation
Printed on Recycled Paper
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ance for dissolved solids and turbidity, and higher recovery rates of
treated water. Recovered water (permeate) can be recycled or
treated downstream depending on plant needs. Failure analysis has
shown to a high degree of probability that during startup, shutdown,
and upsets, overpressure resulting from plugging can release waste-
water as spray or leakage from the process. Plate-and-frame and
tubular modules are not as susceptible to plugging as hollow-fiber
and spiral-wound modules. To a moderate degree of probability,
impairment can result from membrane fouling and scaling. Indication
of this type of failure is a reduction in pressure drop across the
membrane.
Managing Environmental Problems at Inactive and
Abandoned Metals Mine Sites (EPA/625/R-95/007)
Mining waste generated from active and inactive mining sites and
from beneficiation activities is of continuing concern to government
officials, private industry, and the general public because of its effect
on human health and the environment. The nation's reported volume
of mining waste is immense according to a scoping study by the
Western Governors' Association Mine Waste Task Force in 1992.
Because of over 300,000 acres being affected with over 100,000
sites in nine western states, EPA initiated a series of three seminars
in 1994 to present available information concerning control technolo-
gies that may be applicable in controlling these potential problems.
This seminar series was cosponsored by the Department of Energy
(DOE) and held in three western states. This document contains
information presented at those seminars.
Theseminarpresenters, representatives from EPA, their contrac-
tors, DOE, their contractors, and several state representatives
discussed the state of knowledge at that time. Basic fundamentals of
acid mine drainage, known and probable effects on the public health
and environment, and control technologies known and under inves-
tigation were presented. Some of the techniques included bioreme-
diation, composting, and innovative approaches being investigated
by EPA and others.
National Conference on Sanitary Sewer Overflows
(EPA/625/R-96/007)
The National Conference on Sanitary Sewer Overflows was held
in Washington, DC, on April 24-26, 1995. The conference was a
forum for nearly 500 environmental professionals to exchange
technical information and experiences relating to the complex issues
of sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs).
Thousands of municipalities across the nation are serviced by
separatosan'rtarysewersystems.Achronicproblemthatfacesmany
of these systems is the occurrence of SSOs. Caused mainly by the
infiltration and inflow of wet weather flows and blockages and flow
restrictions in the sewer system, these SSOs pose a risk to public
health and the quality of our nation's waters. This conference was
held to bring together individuals from across the country to discuss
the technical and institutional issues related to SSOs. As such, the
conference examined a variety of topics relating to the regulation,
analysis, evaluation, management and control of SSOs. The presen-
tations at the conference and the selected papers in this document
address the following:
* Background and problem definition
* Modeling and assessment
Institutionalissues
* Dealing with private service laterals
* Data collection and analysis
Case studies
Storage solutions
Watershed and regional approaches
This document presents selected, peer-reviewed papers from the
conference. The purpose of this document is to share the information
presented at the conference with individuals who were unable to
attend.
This document will be useful to individuals who are currently
facing the complex issues related to the management and control of
SSOs. These individuals include environmental regulatory person-
nel at the federal and state level; decision-makers and technical
personnel from regional and municipal wastewater management
authorities; private sector personnel, including environmental con-
sultants and equipment manufacturers; university professors, re-
searchers and students; and other interested persons. The goal of
sharing this information with a broader audience is to help environ-
mental professionals and others to better understand the complex
institutional and technical issues relating to SSOs and to assist
environmental decision-makers in making cost-effective decisions.
Handbooks I
Management of Water Treatment Plant Residuals
(EPA/625/R-95/008)
This handbook is the result of a cooperative effort among the
American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Water Works
Association, and EPA. It was developed over a four-year period with
the assistance of many individuals working in the water supply and
residuals management fields. It contains chapters on regulatory
issues, characterization, processing, direct discharge to surface
waters, discharge to wastewater treatment plants, landfilling, land
application, brine waste disposal, radioactive waste disposal, eco-
nomics, case studies, and waste minimization and reuse.
The handbook provides the consensus opinion/judgment of the
cooperating organizations as to what constitutes best practice. It first
gives meaningful guidance to federal, state, and local regulatory
personnel in reviewing drinking water treatment plant plans for
residuals management, and it secondly helps the utility to select an
environmentally sound way for managing its residuals. The hand-
book strives to provide enough information for the user to do a
feasibility design of the selected process(es). Design examples,
case studies, results of recent research in the field, and pollution
prevention methods and technologies are included to the extent that
information was available.
Copies of this handbook are available only from either the
American Society of Civil Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New
York, NY 10017 (Refer to ASCE Manuals and Reports on Engi-
neering Practice No. 88) or from the American Water Works
Association, 6666 W. Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235.
Guides to Pollution Prev<
Pollution Prevention in the Paints and Coatings
Industry (EPA/625/R-96/003)
The paints and coatings industry represents a significant source
of multimedia pollution through the use of solvent-based process
materials and the extensive amounts of wastewater generated by the
operations. This manual presents practices for minimizing the gen-
eration of pollution in this industry.
Regulations at the federal, state, and local level emphasizing
source reduction of pollutants are driving facility operators to inves-
tigate the use of alternative cleaning formulations and paint systems.
Aqueous degreasers and powder coatings are examples of efforts to
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reduce air emissions and control costs associated with the treatment
of contaminated wastewater.
Many small and mid-sized facilities cannot take full advantage of
technology transfer within the industry. The information in this
manual can help operators assess operations and processes for
pollution prevention options in using cleaner technologies and more
efficientmanagement practices. The technical information contained
in this manual can guide improvements in quality and efficiency,
influencing prevention by reducing wastes.
The manual has three general sections:
An overview of the industry and an introduction to pollution
prevention for paint and coating operations;
Pollution prevention considerations; and
Case studies of approaches for reducing process waste.
Appendices provide a list of suppliers of aqueous and semi-
aqueous degreasers and process equipment, methodology forspeci-
fied dilution ratio calculations, and a spreadsheet for factoring
transfer efficiency considerations into application processes.
The audiences for this document are facility operators and man-
agers, manufacturing process managers, painters, and environmen-
tal engineers.
Best Management Practices for Pollution Prevention in
the Siabstock and Molded Flexible Polyurethane Foam
Industry (EPA/625/R-96/005)
The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments require EPA to develop
standards formajoremission sources of 189 hazardous airpollutants
(HAPs). EPA has identified the flexible polyurethane foam industry
as a significant emitter of HAPs and has slated the industry for
regulation under Title III of the Act, with standards scheduled to be
promulgated no later than November 15,1997.
This manual presents pollution prevention options for the two
major sectors of the flexible polyurethane foam industry: slabstock
and molded foam production. Designed for use by both polyurethane
foam manufacturers and regulatory personnel, it achieves the follow-
ing:
Provides an overview of the flexible foam industry and chem-
istry of foam production, common to both slabstock and molded
industry segments;
Details manufacturing processes and potential pollution pre-
vention measures for slabstock and molded foam production;
Details pollution prevention opportunities for operations that
are common to both;
Provides worksheets for pollution prevention measures and
emission and cost calculations; and
Lists additional resources.
This manual will be useful for those interested or involved in the
industry including facility managers, regulators and environmental
managers and engineers.
Best Management Practices for the Textiles Industry
(EPA/625/R-96/004)
The textiles industry is one the nation's oldest, dating to the
beginning of the American industrial revolution in the 1790s. Despite
perceptions of the decline of U.S. textile manufacturing in the face of
international competition, the industry remains one of the largest,
most diverse, and dynamic segments of the U.S. manufacturing
sector.
This guide represents a comprehensive history of the U.S. textiles
industry, describes wastestreams from diverse industrial processes
and products, and provides reliable pollution prevention options for
this industry. The audience for this manual can range from small and
medium-sized companies in textile-related manufacturing to those
involved in regulation, permitting, and assisting in environmental
management and pollution prevention planning.
This document is divided into eight sections, briefly described
below. It has a comprehensive index to assist in selected topic
searching.
An overview of the textiles industry in the U.S. describes
production processes and the technological base of the indus-
try, with discussion of the major waste and pollution issues that
exist.
Wastes generated in the textiles industry are catagorized.
General pollution prevention approaches are described that
are applicable throughout the textiles industry.
Pollution prevention opportunities are identified for specific
textile processes or operations, covering raw material handling
and usage, yam formation, slashing and sizing, fabric forma-
tion, textile preparation, dyeing, printing, finishing, and cutting
and sewing operations.
A composite list of the key pollution prevention features offer
' a comprehensive and effective plan for development and
implementation of a successful program.
Business considerations of pollution prevention are discussed
including incentives and barriers to implementation of pollution
prevention measures.
A selection of case studies display successful implementation
of pollution prevention in textile processing.
A comprehensive listing of references is furnished.
Pump and Treat Ground-Water Remediation: A Guide
for Decision Makers and Practitioners
(EPA/625/R-95/005)
Pump and treat is one of the most widely used ground-water
remediation technologies. The pump and treat remediation ap-
proach is used at about three-quarters of the Superf und sites where
ground water is contaminated and at most sites where cleanup is
required by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and state
laws. Although the effectiveness of pump and treat systems has
been called into question after two decades of use, this approach
remains a necessary component of most ground-water remediation
efforts and is appropriate for both restoration and plume contain-
ment.
This guide presents the basic concepts of pump and treattechnol-
ogy and provides decision makers with a foundation for evaluating
the appropriateness of conventional or innovative approaches.
Conventional pump and treat methods involve pumping contami-
nated water to the surface for treatment. However, the term pump
and treat is used here in a broad sense to include any system where
ground-water withdrawal from or injection into ground water is part
of a remediation strategy. Variations and enhancements of conven-
tional pump and treat include several physical, chemical, and biologi-
cal enhancements.
This guide provides an introduction to pump and treat ground-
water remediation by addressing the following questions:
When is pump and treat an appropriate remediation ap-
proach?
What is involved in "smart" application of the pump and treat
approach?
What are tailing and rebound and how can they be anticipated?
What are the recommended methods for meeting the chal-
lenges of effective hydraulic containment?
How can the design and operation of a pump and treat system
be optimized and its performance measured?
When should variations and alternatives to conventional pump
and treat methods be used?
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An in-depth understanding of hydrogeology and ground-water
engineering is required to design and operate a pump and treat
system. Readers seeking more information on specific topics cov-
ered in this document should referto the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency documents listed at the end of this guide.
applications such as discussed in Section 3, reburning has achieved
up to 60% reduction from baseline NOX emissions.
Software
Control ofNOx Emissions by Reburning
(EPA/625/R-96-001)
Nitrogen oxide (NOX) emission control technologies that are
capable of achieving NOX emission reductions from a coal-fired boiler
can be classified as either combustion modifications or post-com-
bustion flue gas treatment. Combustion modification techniques
prevent the formation of NO during combustion or destroy the NOX
formed during primary combustion. These techniques include the
useoflow-NO burners, overfireair, and boiler combustion optimiza-
tion. Post-combustion flue gas treatment reduces the NOX content of
the flue gas through techniques such as selective catalytic reduction
and selective non-catalytic reduction.
Rebuming, as described in this report, is a combustion modifica-
tion since the formation of NOX is minimized in one portion of the boiler
and a portion of the NCX that does form is destroyed in another.
Unlike some other NOX control approaches, reburning technology
is applicable to a wide variety of the boilers and, in many cases, can
be implemented within a relatively short period of time. Reburning is
ideal for wet-bottom (i.e., slagging) boilers. The only other commer-
cially available NOX control alternative forthis type of boiler is flue gas
treatment, which is more costly per ton of NOX reduction achieved.
Because of rebuming's applicability to a wide variety of coal-fired
combustion sources, several demonstration projects have been
undertaken to gather data on reburning. As a result of such projects,
reburning technology is now offered commercially by several firms.
Rebuming reduces NOX emissions by completing combustion in
three stages. In the first stage, NOX formation due to interactions
between the fuel and combustion air at high temperatures is con-
trolled by reducing the burner heat release rate and the amount of
oxygen present. In the second stage, additional fuel is added under
reducing (oxygen-deficient) conditions to produce hydrocarbon radi-
cals that react with the NOX formed in the first stage to produce
nitrogen gas. Additional combustion air is added in the lower-
temperature third stage and combustion is completed. In retrofit
Drinking Water Treatment Plant Advisor
(EPA/625/R-96/002)
The Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor and User
Documentation are designed to assist personnel who are respon-
sible for improving the performance of existing water treatment
plants in order to achieve compliance with the Surface Water
Treatment Rule. The 'expert1 information contained in the program's
knowledge base was obtained from knowledge engineering ses-
sions with domain experts and from Interim Handbook: Optimizing
Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correc-
tion Program Approach, EPA/625/6-91/027. The handbook de-
scribed methods to evaluate an existing facility's potential to achieve
required performance, and a process for systematically improving
performance.
Although the DWTP Advisor is capable of producing assessments
based on the Comprehensive Performance Evaluation methodol-
ogy, the most effective results will always be produced by experi-
enced users who are knowledgeable in the techniques and philoso-
phy behind the methodology.
The DWTP Advisor is a software application which has been
designed to provide assistance in the evaluation of drinking water
treatment plants. Specifically, this program, which is based on the
Comprehensive Correction Program (CCP) Approach, involves the
following activities: evaluation of major unit processes, assessment
of plant performance, identification and prioritization of performance
limiting factors, assessment of applicability of follow-up CCP, and
reporting of results.
The DWTP Advisor requires an IBM AT or compatible computer
with the following components: a hard disk with at least 5.0 mega-
bytes of free space; at least 550 kilobytes of available conventional
memory; a 3.5 inch high density floppy disk drive (1.4 MB); DOS
version 3.0 or higher; and a printer.
Visit the EPA Home Page
To access current information relating to ongoing EPA programs,
including news and information from the Office of Research and
Development, visit the EPA home page on the Internet. To access
EPA via the World Wide Web visit our home page at
http://www.epa.gov
and take advantage of the wide range of
information and products that are available.
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Middle Eastern and North African Small Community Wastewater Project
Ensuring an effective peace in the Middle East includes coopera-
tive efforts between countries to preserve and enhance the water
resources and the environment of the region. While water scarcity is
particularly acute in the Middle East and North Africa, many other
countries across the globe are also facing the dilemma of how to
maximize available water resources.
The amount of water available is finite, yet the number of people
in need of using the resource continues to grow. The pressures of
modern agriculture, industry, and urban lifestylesmultiplied by
growing populations (populations in the region alone are doubling
every two or three decades) and rising standards of livingare
causing water tables and river levels to fall and contamination to
spread. In many cases, water supplies are becoming unusable.
During 1992 discussions of the Multilateral Middle East Peace
Process, Environmental and Water Resources Working Groups
identified the lack of small community sanitation and reuse as a major
common problem throughout the region. To that end, a workshop
was arranged in the U.S. during the summer-of 1993 by the Depart-
ment'of State (DOS), the U.S. Agency for International Development
(USAID) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The
attendees were provided information and software to assist their
planning for future wastewater systems in the numerous small
communities under their jurisdiction.
Subsequently, the U.S. sponsored a meeting in Cairo, on June
12-15,1994, to explore the next steps in providing technical assis-
tance for small community wastewater facilities planning in the
Middle East. This meeting was sponsored jointly by the Multilateral
Working Groups on Environment and Water Resources. The meet-
ing brought together thirty-five participants including Egyptian, Is-
raeli, Jordanian, Moroccan, Omani, Palestinian, and Tunisian waste-
water experts as well as participants representing the U.S., Russia
(as cosponsor of the Peace Process), the United Nations Develop-
ment Program (UNDP), and the World Bank.
The June 1994 meeting in Cairo was organized to encourage
regional participants to initiate a planning phase for wastewater
projects for small communities that they were to identify. By moving
forward in this way, it is envisioned that demonstration projects will
be built and that regional parties will begin exchanging information on
performance with these systems in the region.
In parallel with the Peace Process efforts, a project was proposed
and funded under the international program of the President's
Environmental Technology Initiative to support the same issues, i.e.,
low-cost small community technologies for wastewater collection,
treatment and reuse in North Africa and the Middle East. This project
consists of a two-pronged approach to convincing the government
decision makers and technical experts of these regions that low-cost,
low-maintenance technologies are available which are appropriate
for application to solve their problems. The primary effort was
devoted to organizing and implementing, by EPA and the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA), a seminar and exhibition of
equipment in Tunisia. The best U.S. professionals in these fields
were employed in concert with U.S. manufacturer-exhibits to present
the strongest possible evidence of the desirability of these appropri-
ate technologies for solving small community problems. The second
effort involved the identification of projects in the region where these
technologies were already being investigated at full-scale. Agree-
ments were negotiated with regional scientists and engineers to
evaluate those technologies and to deliver their assessments of
them to regional forums, thus verifying the original presentation by
U.S. experts. Three such evaluations were funded in Morocco,
Egypt, and Israel, evaluating slow sand filtration and constructed
wetlands, small-diameter gravity sewers, and lagoon-reservoir-re-
use systems, respectively. These projects are nearing the comple-
tion of evaluation, and each will be presented at regional meetings
beginning in November 1996. The Peace Process project involved
the first regional team of experts traveling to potential sites in several
countries, and resulted in choosing the Village of Taffough in the
Hebron district of the West Bank for construction. The village site is
amenable to wastewater collection by small-diameter gravity sew-
ers, intermittent sand filter treatment and reuse on locally grown
crops without any mechanical/electrical equipment requirement.
The donor organizations (World Bank, USAID, UNDP, etc.) which
operate in the area are observing the progress of the project since its
apparent features so well fit the needs of the small settlements in the
area. A preliminary plan has been created, and detailed design is
scheduled for this winter. Construction funding is nearly secured
from Saudi Arabian sources for initiation in 1997.
The technical leadership for these projects has been provided
since 1993 by the staff of the Center for Environmental Research
Information (CERI) at the request of the EPA Office of Water. USDA
is EPA's partner in all of these efforts, providing supplemental
technical expertise and managing the administrative aspects of
these projects. The work has drawn directly on the small-community
technologies efforts of CERI over the past two decades and has
provided an excellent verification forum for those efforts which were
originally conceived to provide low-cost, appropriate technologies to
solve rural problems in the U.S.
For additional information on the technologies employed, the
following publications may be ordered from CERI with the form on
page 11:
EPA/625/1-91/024 - Alternative Wastewater Collection Systems
Manual
Guidelines for Water Reuse
Wastewater Treatment/Disposal for Small
Communities
Any questions on the North African and Middle Eastern projects
described above should be directed to Mr. James Kreissl of CERI at
(513)569-7611 or via e-mail at kreissl.james@epamail.epa.gov.
EPA/625/R-92/004
EPA/625/R-92/005
The Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association
In June 1996 the Air and Waste Management Association held its
annual technical meeting and exhibition in Nashville, TN. EPA
participated by exhibiting literature and graphics on newtechnologies
available for use to comply with its regulations; electronic bulletin
boards containing data bases from which to obtain the most recent
data and recently proposed and promulgated regulations; examples
of application of commercial technologies under differing conditions
and situations; general information on how to access EPA informa-
tion; and publications on technology and regulations. EPA is plan-
ning its involvement at the next annual meeting and exhibition in
Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1997. Hope to see you there!
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Conference on Contaminated Sediments
The area of contaminated sediments is one of growing environ-
mental concern. Many areas of the U.S. have contaminated sedi-
ments that require treatment and management including rivers,
harbors, Superfund sites and the Great Lakes. In addition, sediments
removed from dredging operations from navigable waterways, under
the direction of the Army Corps of Engineers, must be evaluated for
environmental impacts.
EPA has authority under a number of statutes to manage contami-
nated sediments and has a number of programs to address these
problems. For example, the 1987 amendments to the Clean Water
Act authorized the Assessment and Remediation of Contaminated
Sediments Program to develop guidance on techniques for the
identification of sediment problems, assessment of their impact, and
the selection and implementation of remedial options. EPA's Con-
taminated Sediment Management Strategy, published in 1994,
describes actions that the Agency will take to accomplish strategic
goals for contaminated sediments. EPA's Office of Research and
Development (ORD) has completed several research projects at
some of its laboratories under the contaminated sediments strategy
involving assessment or remediation.
EPA will sponsor a conference on contaminated sediments in
Cincinnati, Ohio (target date is early 1997) to disseminate informa-
tion on assessment methods and remediation technologies. For
more information about the conference contact Susan Brager, East-
ern Research Group at (617) 674-7200.
Pollution Prevention Workshops in Peru
The proliferation of firms that handle hazardous substances or
generate toxic wastes, especially in many areas of the developing
world like South and Central America, is a problem requiring in-
creased attention. To assist developing countries in initiating pro-
grams forhazardous waste management, CERI cooperated with the
Pan American Health Organization's Center for Sanitary Engineer-
ing and Environmental Sciences (CEPIS) in Lima to assemble
industry-specific pollution reduction and control materials and present
workshops. Workshop locations, dates, and industrial areas covered
are shown in the table below.
Lima August 14-16, 1996 Metal Mining, Tanneries,
Textiles, Electroplating,
Foundries, and
Seafood Processing
Chimbote August 19-20, 1996 Foundries, Electroplating,
and
Seafood Processing
Trujillo August 20-21, 1996 Tanneries and Foundries
Plura August 22-23, 1996 Electroplating and
Seafood Processing
Arequipa August 26-28, 1996 Tanneries, Foundries,
Electroplating, and Textiles
The goal of these workshops was to provide technical assistance
to firms engaged in potentially polluting manufacturing activities and
improve process efficiencies, thus reducing costs and enhancing the
environment. The target audience was industrial personnel from
small- and medium-sized industries. Issues covered during the
workshops included the following:
Environmental degradation from industrial waste
The significance of small- and medium-sized industries in
pollution prevention efforts
The principles of pollution prevention and resulting cost sav-
ings
The application of these principles to specific industries
Centralized waste treatment
Case studies
The workshops encouraged participation. The first day of each
workshop they presented information on environmental legislation,
the environment in Peru, technical and financial resources, human
and occupational safety and health, and centralized waste treat-
ment. The remainder of the workshops consisted of day-long parallel
technical sessions for each industrial area. These sessions focused
on the technical options for preventing, minimizing, and treating the
resulting wastes generated and included case study exercises to
apply the principles of pollution prevention to the industries.
About 700 individuals, mainly from industry, attended the work-
shops. Information developed for the workshops is being prepared
for publication in English and Spanish by CERI and CEPIS.
For any questions on the Pollution Prevention Workshops, call
Jim Smith at 569-7355; send him e-mail at smith @ cincy.cin.epa.gov.
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TECHNOLOGYTRANSFER PRODUCTS
MANUALS
Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (Oct. 1981) 625/1-81/013
Supplement for Land Treatment of Municipal Wastewater (Oct. 1984) 625/1-81/013a
Dewatering Municipal Wastewater Sludges (Sept. 1987) 625/1-87/014
Municipal Wastewater Disinfection (Oct. 1986) 625/1-86/021
Fine Pore Aeration Systems (Oct. 1989) 625/1-89/023
Alternative Collection Systems for Small Communities (Oct. 1991) 625/1-91/024
Guidelines for Water Reuse (Sept. 1992) 625/R-92/004
Wastewater Treatment/Disposal for Small Communities (Sept. 1992) 625/R-92/005
Control of CSO Discharges (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/007
Nitrogen Control (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/010
Alternative Methods for Delivery and Recover (Oct. 1994) 625/R-94/003
Recycling and Reuse of Materials Found on Superfund Sites (Oct. 1994) 625/R-94/004
Ground Water and Leachate Treatment Systems (Jan. 1995) 625/R-94/005
+ Process Design Manual for Land Application of Sewage Sludge and Domestic Septage 625/R-95/001
Process Design Manual: Surface Disposal of Sewage Sludge and Domestic Septage 625/R-95/002
TECHNICAL CAPSULE REPORTS
Radon-Resistant Construction Techniques for New Residential Construction: Technical Guidance 625/2-91/032
* Treatment Of Metal Finishing Industry Wastewaters: Evaporation Process Capsule Report 625/R-96/008
* Treatment Of Metal Finishing Industry Wastewaters: Reverse Osmosis Process Capsule Report 625/R-96/009
SEMINAR PUBLICATIONS
Permitting Hazardous Waste Incinerators 625/4-87/017
Meeting Hazardous Waste Requirements for Metal Finishers 625/4-87/018
Transport and Fate of Contaminants in the Subsurface 625/4-89/019
Corrective Actions - Technologies and Applications 625/4-89/020
Solvent Waste Reduction Alternatives 625/4-89/021
Requirements for Hazardous Waste Landfill Design, Construction and Closure 625/4-89/022
Technologies for Upgrading Existing or Designing New Drinking Water Treatment Facilities 625/4-89/023
Risk Assessment, Management and Communication of Drinking Water Contamination 625/4-89/024
Design and Construction of RCRA/CERCLA Final Covers 625/4-91/025
Site Characterization for Subsurface Remediation 625/4-91/026
Nonpoint Source Watershed Workshop 625/4-91/027
Medical and Institutional Waste Incineration: Regulations, Management, Technology, Emissions, and Operation ... 625/4-91/030
Control of Biofilm Growth in Drinking Water Distribution Systems 625/R-92/001
Organic Air Emissions from Waste Management Facilities 625/R-92/003
The National Rural Clean Water Program Symposium 625/R-92/006
RCRA Corrective Action Stabilization Technologies 625/R-92/014
Control of Lead and Copper in Drinking Water 625/R-93/001
Wellhead Protection: A Guide for Small Communities 625/R-93/002
Operational Parameters for Hazardous Waste Combustion Devices 625/R-93/008
Design, Operation, and Closure of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills 625/R-94/008
National Conference on Urban Runoff Management 625/R-95/003
National Conference on Environmental Problem Solving with Geographic Information Systems 625/R-95/004
* Managing Environmental Problems at Inactive and Abandoned Metals Mine Sites 625/R-95/007
4- National Conference on Sanitary Sewer Overflows 625/R-96/007
+ Listed for first time.
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PRODUCTS (continued)
BROCHURES
Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives: Drinking Water Treatment for Small Communities 625/5-90/025
Regional Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (R-EMAP) 625/R-93/012
HANDBOOKS
Control Technologies for Hazardous Air Pollutants (July 1991) 625/6-91/014
Retrofitting POTWs for Phosphorus Removal in the Chesapeake Bay Drainage Area (Sept. 1987) 625/6-87/017
Guide to Technical Resources for the Design of Land Disposal Facilities (Dec. 1988) 625/6-88/018
Guidance on Setting Permit Conditions and Reporting Trial Burn Results (Jan. 1989) 625/6-89/019
Retrofitting POTWs (July 1989) 625/6-89/020
Hazardous Waste Incineration Measurement Guidance (June 1989) 625/6-89/021
Stabilization/Solidification of CERCLA and RCRA Wastes (July 1989) 625/6-89/022
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Procedures for Hazardous Waste Incineration (Jan. 1990) 625/6-89/023
Operation and Maintenance of Hospital Waste Incinerators (Jan. 1990) 625/6-89/024
Assessing the Geochemical Fate of Deep-Well Injected Hazardous Waste (June 1990)
Reference Guide 625/6-89/025a
Summaries of Recent Research 625/6-89/025b
Stabilization Technologies for RCRA Corrective Actions (Aug. 1991) 625/6-91/026
Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction Program Approach (Feb. 1991).. 625/6-91/027
Remediation of Contaminated Sediments (Apr. 1991) 625/6-91/028
Sub-Slab Depressurization for Low-Permeability Fill Material 625/6-91/029
Sewer System Infrastructure Analysis and Rehabilitation (Oct. 1991) 625/6-91/030
Materials Recovery Facilities for Municipal Solid Waste (Sept. 1991) 625/6-91/031
Vitrification Technologies for Treatment of Hazardous and Radioactive Waste (May 1992) 625/R-92/002
Control of Air Emissions from Superfund Sites 625/R-92/012
Subsurface Reid Screening, Characterization and Monitoring Techniques: A Desk Reference Guide (Sept. 1993)
Volume I: Solids and Ground Water - Appendices A and B 625/R-93/003a
Volume II: The Vadose Zone, Field Screening and Analytical Methods - Appendices C and D 625/R-93/003b
Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention and Control Planning (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/004
Use of Airborne, Surface and Borehole Geophysical Techniques at Contaminated Sites:
A Reference Guide (Sept. 1993) 625/R-92/007
Control Techniques for Fugitive VOC Emissions from Chemical Process Facilities (March 1994) 625/R-93/005
Approaches for the Remediation of Federal Facility Sites Contaminated with Explosive or
Radioactive Waste (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/013
Ground Water and Wellhead Protection (May 1994) 625/R-94/001
Guide To Septage Treatment And Disposal (Oct. 1994) 625/R-94/002
GUIDES TO POLLUTION PREVENTION
The Pesticide Formulating Industry (Feb. 1990) 625/7-90/004
The Paint Manufacturing Industry (June 1990) 625/7-90/005
The Fabricated Metal Industry (July 1990) 625/7-90/006
The Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing Industry (June 1990) 625/7-90/007
The Commercial Printing Industry (Aug. 1990) 625/7-90/008
Research And Educational Institutions (June 1990) 625/7-90/010
Approaches For Remediation Of Uncontrolied Wood Preserving Sites (Nov. 1990) 625/7-90/011
The Photoprocessing Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/012
The Automotive Repair Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/013
The Fiberglass-Reinforced And Composite Plastics Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/014
The Marine Maintenance And Repair Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/015
8
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PRODUCTS (continued)
The Automotive Refinishing Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91/016
The Pharmaceutical Industry (Oct. 1991) 625/7-91 /017
The Mechanical Equipment Repair Industry (Sept. 1992) 625/R-92/008
Metal Casting And Heat Treating Industry (Sept. 1992) 625/R-92/009
Municipal Pretreatment Programs (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/006
Non-Agricultural Pesticide Users (Sept. 1993) 625/R-93/009
Organic Coating Removal (Feb. 1994) 625/R-93/015
Alternatives To Chlorinated Solvents For Cleaning and Degreasing (Feb. 1994) 625/R-93/016
Cleaning and Degreasing Process Changes (Feb. 1994) 625/R-93/017
Organic Coating Replacements (Oct. 1994) 625/R-94/006
Alternative Metal Finishes (Oct. 1994) 625/R-94/007
« Pollution Prevention in the Paints and Coatings Industry 625/R-96/003
+ Best Management Practices for the Textiles Industry 625/R-96/004
+ Best Management Practices for Pollution Prevention in the Slabstock and Molded Flexible
Polyurethane Foam Industry 625/R-96/005
SUMMARY REPORTS
In-Vessel Composting of Municipal Wastewater Sludge 625/8-89/016
Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance with the Composite Correction Program 625/8-90/017
Environmental Planning for Small Communities: A Guide for Local Decision-Makers 625/R-94/009
+ Pump and Treat Ground-Water Remediation: A Guide for Decision Makers and Practitioners 625/R-95/005
* Control of NOX Emissions by Reburning 625/R-96-001
EXECUTIVE BRIEFINGS
Injection Well Mechanical Integrity : 625/9-89/007
Experiences in Incineration Applicable to Superfund Site Remediation 625/9-88/008
Volumetric Tank Testing: An Overview 625/9-89/009
ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY PUBLICATIONS
The Electroplating Industry 625/10-85/001
Fugitive VOC Emissions in the Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Industry 625/10-84/004
Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion of Municipal Wastewater Sludge 625/10-90/007
Control of Pathogens and Vectors in Sewage Sludge 625/R-92/013
Managing Used Oil 625/R-94/010
SOFTWARE
POTW Expert 625/11-90/001
GRoundwater Information Traching System with STATistical Analysis Capability (GRITS/STAT) 625/11-91/002
Strategic WAste Minimization Initiative (SWAMI) Version 2.0 625/11-91/004
* Drinking Water Treatment Plant Advisor 625/R-96/002
To order any of the above items, please use the Ordering Form on page 11.
Justification on letterhead is required for more than 9 products.
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TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ORDERING FORM
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625/R-92/004
625/R-92/005
625/R-93/007
625/R-93/010
625/R-94/003
625/R-94/004
625/R-94/005
625/R-95/001
625/R-95/002
Justification on
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Reports
625/2-91/032
625/R-96/008
625/R-96/009
Seminar
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625/4-87/017
625/4-87/018
625/4-89/019
625/4-89/020
625/4-89/021
625/4-89/022
625/4-89/023
625/4-89/024
625/4-91/025
625/4-91/026
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625/4-91/030 Handbooks 625/R-92/002 625/7-90/008
625/R-92/001 625/6-91/014 625/R-92/012 625/7-90/010
625/R-92/003 625/6-87/017 625/R-93/003a 625/7-90/011
625/R-92/006 625/6-88/018 625/R-93/003b 625/7-91/012
625/R-92/014 625/6-89/019 625/R-93/004 625/7-91/013
625/R-93/001 625/6-89/020 625/R-92/007 625/7-91/014
625/R-93/002 625/6-89/021 625/R-93/005 625/7-91/015
625/R-93/008 625/6-89/022 625/R-93/013 625/7-91/016
625/R-94/008 625/6-89/023 625/R-94/001 625/7-91/017
625/R-95/003 625/6-89/024 625/R-94/002 625/R-92/008
625/R-95/004 625/6-89/025a 625/R-92/009
625/R-95/007 625/6-89/025b Guides to 625/R-93/006
625/R-96/007 625/6-91/026 Prevention 625/R-93/009
625/6-91/027 qo/004 625/R-93/015
Brochures 625/6-91/028 n/00 625/R-93/016
625/5-90/025 625/6-91/029 " 625/R-93/017
625/R-93/012 625/6-91/030 625 " , 625/R-94/006
625/7-90/007
625/6-91/031 625/R-94/007
625/R-96/003
625/R-96/004
625/R-96/005
Summary
Reports
625/8-89/016
625/8-90/017
625/R-94/009
625/R-95/005
625/R-96/001
Executive
Briefings
625/9-89/007
625/9-88/008
625/9-89/009
Environmental
Regulations
and
Technology
Publications
625/10-85/001
625/10-84/004
625/10-90/007
625/R-92/013
625/R-94/010
Software
625/11-90/001
625/11-91/002
625/11-91/004
625/R-96/002
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