&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Research and
Development
Washington DC 20460
EPA/625/R-92/008
September 1992
Technology Transfer
Guides to Pollution
Prevention
The Mechanical
Equipment Repair
Industry
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EPA/.625/R-92/008
September 1992
GUIDES TO POLLUTION PREVENTION:
The Mechanical Equipment Repair Industry
RISK REDUCTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
AND
CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INFORMATION
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OHIO 45268
Printed on Recycled Paper
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NOTICE
* This guide has been subjected to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Approval does
not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or
commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document is intended as advisory guidance only to mechanical equip-
ment repair shops hi developing approaches for pollution prevention. Com-
pliance with environmental and occupational safety and health laws is the
responsibility of each individual business and is not the focus of this
document.
Worksheets are provided for conducting waste minimization assessments
of equipment repair shops. Users are encouraged to duplicate portions of this
publication as needed to implement a waste minimization program.
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FOREWORD
This guide provides an overview of mechanical equipment repair pro-
cesses that generate waste and presents options for minimizing waste genera-
tion through source reduction and recycling. Waste generated by mechanical
equipment repair shops differs from that generated by other industrial groups
in that generally only small quantities of each type of waste are generated and
the waste consists primarily of waste oil and spent solvent. Reducing the gen-
eration of this waste will benefit both equipment repair shops through cost
savings and the environment by reducing releases.
in
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This guide is based in part on waste minimization assessments conducted
by Ralph Stone and Company, Los Angeles, California, for the California
Department of Health Services (DHS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. Contributors to these assessments include Ben Fries of the
California Department of Toxic Substances Control; the owners and staff of
the repair shops that participated in this study; and government, university,
and waste exchange respondents to requests for information. Much of the
information in this guide was provided originally to the California DHS by
Ralph Stone and Company in Waste Audit Study: Mechanical Equipment
Repair Shops, (May 1990). Battelle Memorial Institute edited and expanded
this version of the waste minimization assessment guide under subcontract to
EPA (USEPA Contract 68-CO-0003). Battelle personnel contributing to this
guide include Bob Olfenbuttel, work assignment manager; Tom Bigelow and
Leslie Hughes, task leaders; Larry Smith and Herm Nack, technical engineers;
and Bea Weaver, production editor.
Teresa Harten of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, was the
project officer responsible for the preparation and review of this guide. Other
contributors and reviewers include Ken Smith, Machine Tool Rebuilders, Inc.;
Dick Betz, Mid-State Machinery, Inc.; Chris Donaghy, Columbus Electrical
Works; Kenneth Palmer, Ralph Stone and Company, Inc.; and Ben Fries,
California Department of Toxic Substances Control.
IV
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CONTENTS
Section
Notice
Foreword
Acknowledgments
1. Introduction
Overview of Waste Minimization
Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment . .
References
2. Mechanical Equipment Repair Industry Profile .......
Industry Description
Process Description
Waste Description
Waste Storage
References
3. Waste Minimization Options for Mechanical Equipment
Repair Shops
Introduction
Economics
Source Reduction
Recycling and Resource Recovery
Reference
4. Guidelines for Using the Waste Minimization
Assessment Worksheets
APPENDIX A:
Mechanical Equipment Repair Shop Assessments:
Case Studies of Shops
APPENDIX B:
Where to Get Help: Further Information on
Pollution Prevention
Page
m
IV
1
1
4
5
5
5
13
13
14
14
14
15
16
17
18
31
36
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
This guide is designed to provide the mechanical
equipment repair industry with waste minimization
options. It also provides worksheets for carrying out
waste minimization assessments for mechanical equip-
ment repair shops. It is envisioned that this guide will
be used by mechanical equipment repair shops and
regulatory agency representatives, industry suppliers,
and consultants.
In the following sections of this manual you will
find:
• A profile of the mechanical equipment repair
industry and the processes used in it (Section 2)
• Waste minimization options for the industry
(Section 3)
• Waste minimization assessment guidelines and
worksheets (Section 4)
• Appendices, containing
— Case studies of waste generation and, waste
minimization practices in the industry
— Where to get help: additional sources of
information.
The worksheets and the list of waste minimization
options were, developed through assessments of sev-
eral repair shops in California commissioned by the
California Department of Health Services (DHS
1990). Waste generation and management practices
were surveyed, and existing and potential waste mini-
mization options were characterized.
Overview of Waste Minimization
Waste minimization is a policy specifically man-
dated by the U.S. Congress in the 1984 Hazardous
and Solid Wastes Amendments to the Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act (RCRA). As the federal
agency responsible for writing regulations under
RCRA, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has an interest in ensuring that new methods
and approaches are developed for minimizing hazard-
ous waste and that such information is made available
to the industries concerned. This guide is one of the
approaches EPA is using to provide industry-specific
information about hazardous waste minimization. The
options and procedures outlined can also be used in
efforts to minimize other wastes generated in a
business.
In the working definition used by EPA, waste min-
imization consists of source reduction and recycling.
Of the two approaches, source reduction is usually
considered preferable to recycling. While a few states
consider treatment of waste an approach to waste min-
imization, EPA does not, and thus treatment is not
addressed in this guide.
Waste Minimization
Opportunity Assessment
EPA has developed a general manual for waste
minimization in industry. The Waste Minimization
Opportunity Assessment Manual (USEPA 1988) tells
how to conduct a waste minimization assessment and
develop options for reducing hazardous waste genera-
tion at a facility. It explains the management strate-
gies needed to incorporate waste minimization into
company policies and structure, how to establish a
company-wide waste minimization program, conduct
assessments, implement options, and make the pro-
gram an ongoing one.
In 1992, EPA published the Facility Pollution
Prevention Guide (USEPA 1992) as a successor to the
Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual.
While the Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment
Manual concentrated primarily on the waste types
covered in the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), the Facility Pollution Prevention Guide
deals with "multimedia" pollution prevention. It is
intended to help small- to medium-sized production
facilities develop broad-based, multimedia pollution
prevention programs. Methods of evaluating,
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adjusting, and maintaining the program are described.
Later chapters deal with cost analysis for pollution
prevention projects and with the roles of product
design and energy conservation in pollution
prevention. Appendices consist of materials that will
support the pollution prevention effort: assessment
worksheets, sources of additional information,
examples of evaluative methods, and a glossary.
A Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment
(WMOA), sometimes called a waste minimization
audit, is a systematic procedure for identifying ways
to reduce or eliminate waste. The four phases of a
waste minimization opportunity assessment are plan-
ning and organization, assessment, feasibility analysis,
and implementation. The steps involved in conducting
a waste minimization assessment are outlined in Fig-
ure 1 and presented in more detail below. Briefly, the
assessment consists of a careful review of a plant's
operations and waste streams and the selection of
specific areas to assess. After a particular waste
stream or area is established as the WMOA focus, a
number of options with the potential to minimize
waste are developed and screened. The technical and
economic feasibility of the selected options are then
evaluated. Finally, the most promising options are
selected for implementation. The following sections
describe these steps in more detail.
PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION PHASE
Essential elements of planning and organization for
a waste minimization program are getting management
commitment for the program, setting waste minimiza-
tion goals, and organizing an assessment program task
force.
ASSESSMENT PHASE
The assessment phase involves a number of steps:
• Collect process and facility data
• Prioritize and select assessment targets
* Select assessment team
• Review data and inspect site
« Generate options
• Screen and select options for feasibility study.
Collect Process and Site Data
The waste streams at a facility should be identified
and characterized. Information about waste streams
may be available on hazardous waste manifests,
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) reports, routine sampling programs, and
other sources.
Developing a basic understanding of the processes
that generate waste at a facility is essential to the
WMOA process. Flow diagrams should be prepared
to identify the quantity, types, and rates of waste gen-
erating processes. Also, preparing material balances
for the different processes can be useful in tracking
various process components and identifying losses or
emissions that may have been unaccounted for
previously.
Prioritize and Select Assessment Targets
Ideally, all waste streams in a facility should be
evaluated for potential waste minimization opportuni-
ties. If resources are limited, however, the plant man-
ager may need to concentrate waste minimization
efforts in a specific area. Such considerations as
quantity of waste, hazardous properties of the waste,
regulations, safety of employees, economics, and other
characteristics need to be evaluated in selecting target
streams or operations.
Select Assessment Team
The team should include people with direct respon-
sibility for and knowledge of the particular waste
stream or area of the facility being assessed. Equip-
ment operators and purchasers and people involved in
routine waste management should not be ignored.
Review Data and Inspect Site
The assessment team evaluates process data in
advance of the inspection. The inspection should fol-
low the target process from the point where raw mate-
rials enter to the point where products and wastes
leave. The team should identify the suspected sources
of waste. This may include the production processes;
maintenance operations; and storage areas for raw
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The Recognized Need to Minimize Waste
PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION
• Get management commitment
1 Set overall assessment program goals
• Organize assessment program task force
Assessment Organization &
Commitment to Proceed
ASSESSMENT
• Collect process and facility data
• Prioritize and select assessment targets
• Select people for assessment teams
• Review data and inspect site
• Generate options
1 Screen and select options for further study
Select New Assessment
Targets and Reevaluate
Previous Options
Assessment Report of
Selected Options
t
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
• Technical evaluation
• Economic evaluation
• Select options for implementation
Final Report, Including
Recommended Options
IMPLEMENTATION
1 Justify projects and obtain funding
1 Installation (equipment)
• Implementation (procedure)
Evaluate performance
Repeat the
Process
Successfully Implemented
Waste Minimization Projects
Figure 1. The Waste Minimization Assessment Procedure
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materials, finished products, and work in progress.
The inspection may result in the formation of prelimi-
nary conclusions about waste minimization opportuni-
ties. Full confirmation of these conclusions may
require additional data collection, analysis, and/or site
visits.
Generate Options
The objective of this step is to generate a compre-
hensive set of waste minimization options for further
consideration. Since technical and economic concerns
will be considered in the later feasibility step, no
options are ruled out at this time. Information from
the site inspection, as well as from trade associations,
government agencies, technical and trade reports,
equipment vendors, consultants, plant engineers, and
operators may serve as sources of ideas for waste
minimization options.
Both source reduction and recycling options should
be considered. Source reduction may be accom-
plished through good operating practices, technology
changes, input material changes, and product changes.
Recycling includes use and reuse of water, solvents,
and other recyclable materials, where appropriate.
Screen and Select Options for Further Study
This screening process is intended to select the
most promising options for a full technical and eco-
nomic feasibility study. Through either an informal
review or a quantitative decision-making process,
options that appear marginal, impractical, or inferior
are eliminated from further consideration.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS PHASE
An option must be shown to be technically and
economically feasible in order to merit serious consid-
eration for adoption at a facility. A technical evalua-
tion determines whether a proposed option will work
in a specific application. Both process and equipment
changes need to be assessed for their overall effects
on waste quantity and product quality.
An economic evaluation is carried out using stan-
dard measures of profitability, such as payback period,
return on investment, and net present value. As in
any project, the cost elements of a waste minimization
project can be broken down into capital costs and
operating costs. Savings and changes in revenue and
waste disposal costs also need to be considered, as do
present and future cost avoidances. In cases of
increasingly stringent government requirements,
actions that increase the cost of production may be
necessary.
IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
An option that passes both technical and economic
feasibility reviews should be implemented. The proj-
ect can be turned over to the appropriate group for
execution while the WMOA team, with management
support, continues the process of tracking wastes and
identifying other opportunities for waste minimization.
Periodic reassessments may be conducted to see if the
anticipated waste reductions were achieved. Data can
be tracked and reported for each implemented idea in
terms such as pounds of waste per production unit.
Either initial investigations of waste minimization
opportunities or the reassessments can be conducted
using the worksheets in this manual.
References
DHS. 1990. Waste Audit Study: Mechanical Equip-
ment Repair Shops. Prepared by Ralph Stone and
Company, Inc. for Alternative Technology Section,
Toxic Substances Control Division, California
Department of Health Services.
USEPA. 1992. Facility Pollution Prevention Guide.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development, Washington, D.C.,
EPA/600/R-92/088.
USEPA. 1988. Waste Minimization Opportunity As-
sessment Manual. U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Laboratory, Cincinnati, EPA/625/7-88/003.
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SECTION 2
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT REPAIR INDUSTRY PROFILE
Industry Description
The Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 76,
Miscellaneous Repair Services, covers shops providing
repairs for a broad range of equipment types. All of
these repair activities require similar processes :such as
cleaning and degreasing; paint removal and applica-
tion; and metal welding, cutting, shaping, and finish-
ing. To produce an efficient and useful guide that
fully represents the activities in SIC 76, 10 different
groups of equipment repair service areas received
detailed attention. These areas are:
• Boilers
• Coin metered equipment
• Commercial appliances
• Commercial lawn mowers and chain saws
• Commercial refrigerators, air conditioning, re-
frigeration, and freezer equipment
• Electric motors, generators, and transformers
• Industrial machinery and tools
• Equipment installed and utilized by millwrights
• Rental yard equipment
• Welding equipment.
Process Description
A wide variety of processes are used in repair
shops. Table 1 relates the ten equipment repair shop
SIC categories to the repair operations performed in
each category. Oil and grease removal and engine,
parts, and equipment cleaning are responsible for the
majority of waste generated in this industry. Typical
chemicals and materials used in these processes fall
into the following categories: ,
• Acids
• Alkalies
• Cleaning solvents
• Degreasers
• Detergents
• Cutting oils
• Engine oil, lubricants
• Paint reducers, thinners, paints
• Refrigerants
• Spill absorbents
• Varnish and varnish solvents
• Welding, soldering supplies.
Chemicals are stored on work benches in repair
areas, in metal cabinets that are either locked or
unlocked, or on industrial shelving in open or spe-
cially enclosed areas that also may be locked or
unlocked. Certain types of repairs may be done in the
field, and chemicals may be transported in vehicles
for this work. Generally, only a small inventory of
chemicals is stored, and new supplies are ordered as
required. Often managers are unaware of how to
dispose of obsolete chemicals.
Waste stream flow diagrams are useful tools for
generating waste minimization options. Figures 2
through 12 are based on assessments performed by the
California DHS (1990) and provide examples of flow-
chart formats that can be used for equipment repair
operations.
Waste Description
Waste generated by mechanical equipment repair
shops differs from the waste generated by other indus-
trial groups in that only small quantities of waste are
generated and only waste oil and spent solvent are
generated in appreciable amounts. The quantities and
types of waste generated are often seasonal.
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1
1
I
G.
P
CO
a.
I
I
Hi
II'
; ^
:]
1
I]
8
1
I
1
I
1
s
I
s-
-------
Boiler
Repair
Tube :
Manufacturing
>
f
Milling,
Threading
Tubes
>
f
Metal
Shavings With
Cutting Oil Put
in Special Bin
and Returned
to Client
Rags for
Cleaning
V
Off Site
Disposal
Figure 2. Waste Stream Flowchart for Boiler Repair
Boiler
Maintenance
and
Fabrication
i
Evaporates
to
Atmosphere
. _J
Spray Painting
Spray Booth
1 Color Only
>
Equipment
Cleaning
' >
Empty Cans
Off Site
Disposal
' >
t
Milling,
Threading
Tubes
>
f
Cutting Oil
and Metal
Shavings
Put in Special
Bin and
Recycled
Ma
|
R
C
[
Figure 3. Waste Stream Flowchart for Boiler Repair and Fabrication
-------
Equipment
Repair
Vinegar
(Acetic Acid)
i
Drain to
Sewer
Parts Cleaning
Solvent
(Lighter Fluid)
Air
Emissions
I
Contaminated
Rags Off Site
Disposal
Figure 4. Waste Stream Flowchart for Appliance Repair
Air Conditioner
Repair
Freon Released
to Atmosphere
During Purging
Air
Emissions
Empty Paint
and Freon
Cans
i
Off Site
Disposal
1
Metal Fines
(Copper)
1
Rags From
Cleaning
Used
Parts
1
Return to
Client
Figure 5. Waste Stream Flowchart for Air Conditioner Repair
-------
Air Conditioner
Repair and
Cleaning
1
Copper Fines,
Rags, Empty
Spray Cans
>
\
Off Site
Disposal
i
•w
Freon Released
to Atmosphere
During Purging
Steam
Cleaning
(Caustics)
1
Treated and
Drained to
Sewer
Figure 6. Waste Stream Flowchart for Air Conditioner Repair
and Cleaning
Electric
Motor Part
Replacement
\
Cleaning
With Rags
1
Waste Oil
From Motors
1
Parts Cleaning
With Solvent
Air
Emissions
1
Major Paint
Jobs Let to
Subcontractor
Off Site
Disposal
Collected
by Recycler
Collected by
Recycler
Figure 7. Waste Stream Flowchart for Electric Motor Part Replacement
-------
Paint
Removal
by Sand
Blasting
>
Steam
Cleaning
r \
Off Site
Disposal
r
r
Electric Motor
Repair
Cleaning
With Bum
Oven
Air
Emissions
Material
Collected
in Sump
Collected by
Hazardous
Waste
Hauler
>
Parts
Cleaning
With
Solvent Tank
f \
Ash
Off Site
Disposal
f
]
Oil
Removal
From
Motors
Air
Emissions
v
Cait
Cleaner
and Solvent
Recycled
Off Site
Spill
Cleanup
f \
Collected
by Waste
Oil
Hauler
f
1
Air
Emissions
Spent
Sawdust
Off Site
Disposal
Figure 8. Waste Stream Flowchart for Electric Motor Repair
Mainly
Subcontracted
Out, Other is
Picked up by
Waste Oil Hairier
1
k
Draining
Waste Oil
From Motors
1
k
Sump
Pumped by
Hazardous
Waste Hauler
t
Steam
Cleaning
1
Equ
Contaminated
Rags Picked
up by Laundry
Service
t
Cleaning
With Rags
1
Ipment Repair
d 1 retaliation
Metal Shavings From
" OH Site Disposal
>
r
Mr
Emissions
Rust
Inhtftor
Removal
i
Sf
M
Ctean-up
f \
Taken In Raid
and Returned
to Shop
r
ON Site
Disposal
>
r
Air
Emissions
>
r
Air
Emissions
Touchup
Spray
Painting
i
r
OK Site
Disposal
Parts S
Cleanlrv
Cteaniti
Sob
l
olvent
3, Cart)
0, and
ent
r
Recycled
•
i r
Air
Emissions
Figure 9. Waste Stream Flowchart for Equipment Repair and Installation
10
-------
Laundry
Service
-<•
Contaminated
Rags From
Cleaning
1
Painting
t
•^
• Empty
to Dumpster
>
r
Air
Emissions
Figure 10. Waste Stream Flowchart for Tool Repair
Waste
Hydraulic Oil
and Motor Oil
\
r
r
Welder, Generator,
Hydraulic Tool
Repair
1
Parts
Washing
Air
Emissions
Collected
by Waste
Oil Hauler
>
f
Spent Solvent
and Sludge
Off Site
Disposal
-
Contaminated
Rags From
Cleaning
>
r
Off Site
Disposal
Painting
With Aerosol
Cans
>
f
1
Air
Emissions
Empty Cans
Off Site
Disposal
Figure 11. Waste Stream Flowchart for Welder, Generator,
Hydraulic Tool Repair
-------
>
Spray
Pair*
Wal«f
Pai
>
>
Booth
flWrth
baaad
Ma
f
NaSdvant
Watfa
WaalaCoDacMd
in Sump and
PumpadOut
byHazardoua
WaataHaular
t
Staam
Oaaning
1
)
f
Air
Erriaatona
Laundry
Sanic*
'
^
Contamnatad
Raga
1
I
Rantal
Equlprnant
Rapak-
1
Sohwnt
Parta
daaning
Racydad
WaalaOil
Haular
|
WaalaOil
From
Equipment
t
1
Spilb
\ r
day Abaoffaant
H« mood by
HazaKtaua
WaalaHaular
I
Pflrts
Claarim With
BwdagtadaMa
SoKwm
i r
Air
EniaMona
Drain to
Sawar
Figure 12. Waste Stream Flowchart for Rental Equipment Repair
The repair operations listed in Table 1 can be put
into the six main groupings discussed below. Waste
generated by these operations can be classified as
ignitable waste, spent solvents, strong acids and alka-
lies, and "other."
CLEANING ENGINES, PARTS,
OR EQUIPMENT
Cleaning engines, parts, and equipment creates the
largest volume of waste for the industry. Common
procedures include using leased solvent tanks, steam
cleaning, using a dishwasher, wiping with rags, man-
ual cleaning with acids (e.g., to clean boiler tubes, air
conditioner coUs, and steam irons), and mechanical
cleaning with wire brushes.
Many of the solvents used in this industry are
chlorinated, especially those used in tool repair and
electric motor repair shops. Chlorinated hydrocarbon
solvents include l,l,l,trichloroethane, dichloroben-
zene, perchlorethylene, and methylene chloride. Non-
haloganated solvents include xylene, toluene, MEK,
and benzene. Commercial solvents often contain min-
eral spirits.
Regulated waste includes spent solvents, solvent
still bottoms, unneutralized acid and alkali, material
collected in sumps, and contaminated rags.
REMOVING OIL AND GREASE
Removing oil and grease from inside equipment
generates a large volume of waste in this industry.
Waste oil, either motor or hydraulic, may be removed
from engines, motors, welders, hoists, and winches.
All oil is recyclable and is easily removed by a waste
oil hauler. Some shops, such as millwright opera-
tions, subcontract the removal of oil from equipment.
Used oil may contain heavy metals (such as lead,
barium, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and zinc) and
halogenated organics (including PCBs and solvents).
PAINTING
Paint and rust removal techniques include sanding,
sand blasting, milling, bum ovens, solvent tanks, or
liquid paint removal. The latter method is the least
desirable because of the chemicals involved. The
amount of water generated is generally small. Liquid
paint removal may or may not be hazardous, depend-
12
-------
ing on the method used and the paint's heavy metal
content.
Paint is applied in spray booths or with aerosol
paint cans. Spray painting represents a small percent-
age of the total operations performed. Waste includes
empty aerosol cans that may not be completely empty
and solvents from spray booth maintenance. The vol-
ume of solvent waste from spray-booth operations is
minimal because shops tend to have self-maintaining
spray booths that require very little solvent cleaning.
METAL WORKING
Metal working may be defined as cutting, drilling,
grinding, milling, and machining to fabricate or refur-
bish an equipment part. Waste containing a non-
water-base cutting oil, a soluble oil (emulsion), or a
synthetic fluid may be hazardous. The waste is
placed in a dumpster or collected for recycling.
REFRIGERANT CHARGING
Chlorofluorocarbons are used by air conditioner re-
pair shops to refill or purge air conditioning systems.
No solid hazardous waste results. However, release of
Freon 22 to the atmosphere has a harmful effect on
the atmospheric ozone layer.
WELDING AND SOLDERING
Welding is used to repair broken equipment parts
and rebuild shafts and has other general uses. Solder-
ing is used to connect wires and terminals in motors.
Oxygen, acetylene, MAPP (methyl acetylenepropadie-
ne mixture), welding and soldering fluxes, solder, and
welding rods are utilized in these two operations.
Waste is minimal and includes solder drip and splash
and spent welding rods.
Waste Storage
Waste generated by repair shops includes waste oil,
spent solvent, contaminated rags, spent absorbent, and
sump waste. In the California DHS study, tool repair,
rental equipment, and electric motor repair shops
appeared to generate the highest volumes of hazardous
waste. Within these three categories, the size of the
repair shop affected (he volume of waste generated.
Maximums of 55 gallons of used oil, 100 gallons of
cleaning solvent, and 4,000 rags were generated each
month. These numbers included waste from repairs
not related to mechanical equipment (DHS 1990).
Hazardous waste is usually stored in either
55-gallon drums or storage tanks that are either above
or below ground. These tanks vary in size from
15 gallons to 600 gallons. Leased solvent tanks vary
from 8 gallons to 55 gallons. Aboveground waste
storage tanks are kept inside the repair shop, outdoors,
or in a storage shed. Surface cover below the above-
ground tanks is cement, asphalt, or soil. Some repair
shops have a bermed storage area.
References
DHS. 1990. Waste Audit Study: Mechanical Equip-
ment Repair Shops: Prepared by Ralph Stone and
Company, Inc. for Alternative Technology Section,
Toxic Substances Control Division, California
Department of Health Services.
13
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SECTION 3
WASTE MINIMIZATION OPTIONS FOR
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT REPAIR SHOPS
Introduction
Waste minimization includes source reduction and
recycling activities that reduce the amount and/or the
toxicity of the waste (Table 2). Waste from the
equipment repair industry is generated from residue in
the equipment being repaired, spent cleaning solvents,
and stripped paint containing heavy metals. The
waste is primarily spent solvent, sump sludge, sand
blasting materials, and refrigerant Some equipment
repairs, and thus the waste generated, may be seasonal
(e.g., for air conditioners and lawn mowers).
Implementing waste minimization options can have
impacts on air quality and wastewater treatment opera-
tions. Environmental, health, and safety aspects must
be considered in selecting a waste minimization
strategy.
Because equipment repair operations are flexible
and usually independent of each other, source reduc-
tion and recycling are facilitated by the fact that they
may be implemented with minimal expense and dis-
turbance to the operation as a whole.
In addition, mechanical equipment repair shops
should continually educate themselves to keep abreast
of improved waste-reducing, pollution-preventing tech-
nology. Information sources about such technology
include trade associations and journals, chemical and
equipment suppliers, equipment expositions, confer-
ences, and industry newsletters. By implementing
better technology, companies can often take advantage
of the dual benefits of reduced waste generation and a
more cost-efficient operation.
Economics
Until recently, operators of small mechanical
equipment repair shops were not overly concerned
with the cost of waste disposal. However, the situa-
tion is changing. The cost of raw materials is increas-
ing as a result of general economic pressures or, in
the case of hazardous solvents or CFCs, as a result of
environmental concerns. Waste disposal costs for
both hazardous and nonhazardous wastes are also
increasing. It is now essential for small business
owners and employees to develop programs to reduce
or eliminate waste throughout the operation. Reduc-
ing waste can improve a company's competitive posi-
tion, while keeping the workplace and the community
clean.
The most direct way to profit from waste reduction
is to reduce the use of hazardous materials. Tech-
niques for reducing waste will vary from simple to
complex. Simple housekeeping improvements such as
controlling material losses, repairing leaks, keeping
solvent tanks covered, and preventing or controlling
spills are inexpensive and can produce quick benefits.
Table 2. Waste Minimization Options
Source Reduction Recycling and Resource Recovery
Good housekeeping Recycling scrap metal
Chemical substitution Leasing solvent recovery tanks
Reducing solvent use Recycling oil and spent solvent
Process substitution Recycling refrigerants
14
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Other changes will require more time and effort. For
example, changing to a water-based, paint may require
working with a customer to obtain approval for the
new material.
Waste minimization often produces economic
rewards. Cost reductions may appear as immediate
savings directly on the balance sheet or as anticipated
savings based on avoided future costs. Waste man-
agement costs can be reduced as a result of
• Less waste handling and disposal equipment
• Less waste storage space and thus more produc-
tive shop space
• Less waste for transportation and disposal
• Less paperwork for environmental reporting.
Reducing the amount and toxicity of materials han-
dled on site increases the likelihood of compliance
with environmental laws. Less waste also means less
potential for future liability for environmental cleanup.
Significant costs can be incurred for cleanup of a fa-
cility before it can be sold or for cleanup of an off-
site waste disposal facility.
Another source of liability is worker exposure to
hazardous materials. Eliminating or reducing solvents
and similar hazardous materials has the dual benefit of
improving worker safety and morale and reducing the
risk of lawsuits. Thus, waste minimization can reduce
insurance costs and increase productivity.
Waste disposal is a controversial issue, and most
communities strongly oppose opening a new waste
disposal facility in their area. Waste minimization is,
therefore, attractive to the public. A facility using an
effective waste minimization program is more likely
to be perceived as a good neighbor. The improved
atmosphere should help in maintaining a competitive
workforce and in attracting new employees.
Source Reduction
Source reduction usually occurs within a process.
Examples of source reduction options in the repair
shop industry include good housekeeping '.(such as
spill prevention and preparedness), chemical substitu-
tion or elimination, and process change.
GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
Good housekeeping is a general term for materials
management, storage, and handling practices aimed at
minimizing waste. Good housekeeping involves low-
cost management practices to reduce disposal and raw
material costs. Developing a company culture focused
on cutting waste is an important element of waste
minimization.
Keeping track of inventory and scheduling orders
can cut down on waste materials. A well-designed
central dispensing point for materials reduces waste.
Central dispensing can eliminate use of small contain-
ers and waste of partially used materials in containers.
It can also help control spills.
Good control of inventory helps minimize the num-
ber of material types used and improves segregation
of incompatible materials. Using fewer types of sol-
vents, for example, decreases the complexity of waste
recycling. A shop using both freon and 1,1,1-trich-
loroethane could use one or the other instead or
switch to an aqueous-based material. Segregation of
incompatible materials like aqueous and nonaqueous
waste also makes recycling easier.
The following guidelines are useful in maintaining
a well-organized inventory:
• Control Inventory—Assign to one person the
responsibility of checking in, dating, and label-
ing new materials. He or she should also orga-
nize and inspect existing stock. If it is practical
for your shop, this "stockroom attendant" can
also be responsible for ordering and issuing
materials, especially those with a limited shelf
life. Make certain that the oldest material is
used first ("first-in, first-out" material use).
• Control Access—If it is not practical to use
your "stockroom attendant" to issue raw materi-
als, limit access to only those employees who
are trained in hazardous materials handling and
who understand the importance of a "first-in,
first-out" policy.
• Control Storage—Inspect your storage area
periodically for improper labels, leaky contain-
ers, dripped materials, and aged materials. If
your shop is large (for example, six or more
15
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solvent sinks, and/or two or more hot tanks) and
uses large amounts of raw material, you may
choose to inspect the area as frequently as twice
a month.
• Control Spills—To reduce spills, use a gravity
spigot to dispense bulk liquid materials. A
pump (motorized or hand pump) is another
dispensing method. At the very least, always
use a spout and funnel when transferring liquids.
• Control Design—If possible, arrange your raw
materials storage area with access to the front
and back of shelving so new materials can be
placed behind older stock.
The distributors of your raw materials should sup-
ply Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), which con-
tain important information about material hazards and
potential waste generation. In some cases, materials
cause hazardous conditions if mixed (for example,
chlorine bleach and acid). Material segregation helps
avoid the dangerous reactions that occur if incompati-
ble materials are mixed.
Recording inventory helps track the performance of
your suppliers. Good records can assist in identifying
raw materials that frequently result in poor quality
products. Because low quality products result in
waste generating rework, a new supplier should be
found.
A variety of options can be used to collect spilled
fluids. For example, rags, sorbent pads, or loose sor-
bent, such as clay or sawdust in trays or bags, can be
used. If rags or pads are used instead of loose mate-
rial, recycling is possible. Rags can be laundered for
reuse. Pads can be passed through a roller extractor
to recover the fluid for reprocessing and the pads for
reuse.
CHEMICAL OR PROCESS SUBSTITUTION
Solvent replacement presents an opportunity for
chemical substitution in the mechanical equipment
repair industry. The most likely areas for solvent
replacement are painting and parts cleaning.
If product performance requirements allow; new
paint formulas can reduce the quantity of hazardous
materials used. Solvent-based paints can be replaced
with .water-based paints. This substitution eliminates
volatile organic solvents in the paint and in painting
equipment cleanup. Paints based on pigments contain-
ing hazardous metals such as chromium, lead, or cad-
mium should be avoided.
Organic solvents are often used to remove old
paint. Abrasive blasting methods are good replace-
ments for solvent stripping in many applications.
Nonsolvent paint removal options include blasting
with plastic beads, sodium bicarbonate slurry, or dry
ice pellets. High temperature paint removal methods
may also be useful for paint removal.
Organic solvents are widely used for general
cleanup. In many cases, the solvent can be
eliminated. Large or heavily soiled parts can be
cleaned in a high flow power washer using a water-
based detergent solution. Small, lightly soiled parts
can be cleaned with an aqueous detergent in a rotary
screw washer or an ultrasonic bath.
If solvent cleaning cannot be avoided, solvent
losses should be minimized. Solvent tanks should be
covered to decrease evaporation of the solvent. Tanks
equipped with a pump should be operated only when
parts are being washed. In addition, solvents can be
filtered to extend useful life.
Process equipment is cleaned periodically with rags
and solvent. If possible, the solvent should be
replaced with an aqueous cleaner. If alternatives are
not available, waste may be minimized by training
workers to use the least amount of solvent needed to
accomplish the cleaning. It may also be possible to
reuse old or filtered solvent from a high quality, low
soil cleaning operation for a less demanding general
cleaning operation.
Recycling and Resource Recovery
Many mechanical equipment repair shops can
realize waste minimization and economic benefits
from material recycling and recovery.
Scrap metal from used parts such as copper, alumi-
num, or lead can be sold to a reprocessor. Metal
shavings, fines, and scraps from machining operations
are also good candidates for recycling. If no local
16
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recycler is available, it may be beneficial to contact a
waste exchange (see Appendix B for listings).
As discussed above, solvent spills can be collected
by sorbent pads. The collected fluid is recovered by
compressing the pad between two counter-rotating
rollers. The fluid can then be recovered for reuse.
Fluids can also be recovered by draining parts
removed for maintenance. For example, oil filters
should be drained before disposal.
Most organic solvents have low boiling points and
can be recycled by distillation either on site or by an
off-site facility. Water-based materials can be recy-
cled and metal working fluids can be filtered and
treated for reuse.
Package units are available to collect and reprocess
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from refrigeration sys-
tems. Recycling CFCs reduces cost and prevents
CFCs from entering the atmosphere.
Reference
DHS. 1990. Waste Audit Study: Mechanical Equip-
ment Repair Shops. Prepared by Ralph Stone and
Company, Inc. for Alternative Technology Section,
Toxic Substances Control Division, California
Department of Health Services.
17
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SECTION 4
GUIDELINES FOR USING THE WASTE
MINIMIZATION ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
The worksheets provided in this section are
intended to assist repair shops in systematically evalu-
ating waste generating processes and in identifying
waste minimization opportunities. These worksheets
include only the assessment phase of the procedure
described in the EPA Waste Minimization Opportunity
Assessment Manual and also in the EPA Facility
Pollution Prevention Guide. A comprehensive waste
minimization assessment includes planning and orga-
nization, gathering background information, a feasibil-
ity study on specific waste minimization options, and
an implementation phase. For a full description of
waste minimization assessment procedures, refer to
the EPA manual.
Table 3 lists the worksheets that are provided in
this section. After completing the worksheets, the
assessment team should evaluate the applicable waste
minimization options and develop an implementation
plan.
Table 3. List of Waste Minimization Assessment Worksheets
Number
Title
Description
1. Waste Generating Processes
2. Waste Sources
3. Waste Minimization: Material Handling
4. Option Generation:
5. Waste Minimization:
6. Option Generation:
7. Waste Minimization:
8. Option Generation:
9. Waste Minimization:
10. Option Generation:
Material Handling
Material Substitution
Material Substitution
Management Practices
Management Practices
Reuse and Recovery
Reuse and Recovery
Form for listing waste generating processes
Form for listing specific waste types
Questionnaire on material handling techniques and
inspections
Options for minimizing waste material handling
Questionnaire on process operations
Options for substituting process materials
Questionnaire on management practices
Options for implementing management practices
Questionnaire on reuse and recovery
Options for reusing and recovering process
materials
18
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Shop Waste! Minimi7atinn
Date Proj. No.
Assessment
P
C
S
repare
hecke
heet
WORKSHEET WASTE GENERATING PROCESSES
Process
Acid Cleaning
Armature or Stator Rewinding and Coil Winding
Burn Oven (Paint Removal or Parts Cleaning)
Cutting (Metals)
Dishwashing
Electric Motor Repair
Engine, Parts, and Equipment Cleaning
Grinding
Milling and Machining
Oil and Grease Removal
Paint Removal and Preparation
Painting
Refrigerant Recharging
Refurbishing
Rust Removal
Sand or Plastic Pellet Blasting
Spray Booth, Spray Gun, and Brush Cleaning
Steam Cleaning
Varnishing
Welding and Soldering
Waste
Type
d by
dBv
of Page of
Quantity Per
Week
"
Comment
Are air emissions produced and, if so, list them and their status? (Include CFCs and solvent emissions)
What happens to materials and chemicals that are left over when working on a field job?
D Returned to Shop Q Left at Job Site Q Disposed of in Dumpster D Abandoned
Yes No
Are waste streams segregated to avoid cross-contamination and, if so, how? Q D
Is fuel or electricity being used in any of the processes?
D D
19
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ShOO Waste Minimization Assessment Prepared by
Checked by
Date Proi. No. Sheet of Page of
WORKSHEET WASTE SOURCES
Waste Source: Material Handling
Off-Spec Materials
Obsolete Raw Materials
Spills & Leaks (Liquids)
Splits (Powders)
Empty Container Cleaning
Container Disposal (Metal)
Container Disposal (Paper)
Pipeline/Tank Drainage
Trash
Other
Waste Source: Process Operations
Caustic Cleaners
Solvent Cleaners
Aqueous Cleaners
Carburetor Cleaners
Brake/Hydraulic Fluids
Engine Oils and Lubricants
Gear Oil/Grease
Metalworking Fluids
Engine Coolant (Ethylene Glycol)
Paint
Paint Solvents
Lacquer Solvents
Varnish Solvents
Welding and Soldering Fluxes
Refrigerants
Acids
Alkalies
Spill Absorbants
Other
Significance at Plant
Low
Medium
High
r
20
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Shop.
Date
Waste Minimization Assessment
Proj. No..
Prepared by
Checked by
Sheet of Page of
WORKSHEET
3A
WASTE MINIMIZATION:
Material Handling
A. GENERAL HANDLING TECHNIQUES
Are off-specification material wastes generated because the material has exceeded its shelf life?
Are materials properly stored and inventoried?
How often is an inventory performed to identify an accumulation of materials?
Are materials restocked regularly?
Does the company use a first-in first-out material use policy to prevent materials from deteriorat-
ing in storage?
Does the company minimize inventory to prevent material degradation due to prolonged storage?
Are MSDSs available?
Are incompatible materials stored together?
Are inventory controls used to assure that chemicals in a container are completely used prior to
opening a new container?
Are empty containers returned to the supplier?
Are empty containers empty according to 40 CFR 261.7 so they can be handled as a nonhazard-
ous solid waste?
Does the plant generate waste due to spills during material handling or storage?
If yes. describe the frequency of these spills.
Are personnel trained to ensure proper handling and storage of materials?
Is spill containment provided to minimize the amount of cleanup materials used to contain and
clean up spills?
Describe spill containment used in material storage areas.
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
DYes QNo
0 Yes D No
D Yes D No
DYes QNo
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
D Yes a No
D Yes D No
21
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Shop.
Date
Waste Minimization Assessment
Proj. No..
Prepared by _
Checked by _
Sheet of
.Page.
of
WORKSHEET
3B
WASTE MINIMIZATION:
Material Handling
B. DRUMS, CONTAINERS, AND PACKAGES
Are drums, packages, and containers inspected for damage before being accepted?
Are employees trained in ways to safely handle the types of drums and packages received?
Are stored items protected from damage, contamination, or exposure to rain, snow, sun and
heat?
Does the layout of the facility result in heavy traffic through the raw material storage area?
(Heavy traffic increases the potential for contaminating raw materials with dirt or dust and for
causing spilled materials to become dispersed throughout the facility.)
Can traffic through the storage area be reduced to prevent accidents?
Are employees properly trained in handling spilled raw materials?
Are spill absorbants recycled?
Describe handling procedures for damaged items: .
QYes QNo
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
DYes QNo
D Yes D No
What measures are employed to prevent the spillage of liquids being dispensed?
When a spill of liquid occurs in the facility, what cleanup methods are employed (e.g., wet or dry)? Also discuss
the way in which the resulting wastes are handled: . _
Would different cleaning methods allow for direct reuse or recycling of the waste? (explain):
Do you try to order smaller containers of infrequently used materials to avoid disposing of large Q Yes D No
quantities of unused obsolete materials?
Have you tried to order larger containers of frequently used materials to reduce the number of Q Yes D No
small containers that must be cleaned and disposed of?
Are all empty bags, packages, and containers that contained hazardous materials segregated D Yes D No
from those that contain nonhazardous wastes?
Describe the method currently used to dispose of this waste: . _
22
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Shop
Date
Waste Minimization Assessment
Proj. No.
Prepared by
Checked by
Sheet of
Page of
WORKSHEET
3C
WASTE MINIMIZATION:
Material Handling
C. INSPECTIONS
Does the company have a formal inspection program? [] Yes Q No
How often are inspections of the chemical storage area, process areas, and waste treatment
areas conducted?
Are malfunctions in equipment or leaks in storage vessels and piping corrected immediately? Q Yes Q No
Are identified malfunctions followed up to ensure that they are corrected? 0 Yes Q No
Are inspections logged and are logs maintained in permanent records? n Yes Q No
23
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Shop Waste Minimization Assessment Prepared bv
Checked by
Dale Proi. No.
Sheet of Paqe of
WORKSHEET OPTION GENERATION:
4 Material Handling
Meetina Format (e.a, brainstorminq, nominal aroup technique)
Meetinq Coordinator
Meeting Participants
Suggested Waste Minimization Options
A. General Handling Techniques
Quality Control Check
Test Age-Dated Material (if expired) for Effectiveness
Return Obsolete Material to Supplier
Minimize Inventory
Computerize Inventory .
Formal Training
Solvent Tanks Covered
B. Drums, Containers, and Packages
Raw Material Inspection
Proper Storage/Handling
Reduced Traffic
Spilled Material Reuse
Cleanup Methods to Promote Recycling
Appropriate Purchase Sizes
Waste Segregation
C. Inspections
Formal Inspections
Maintenance Inspections
Inspection Logs/Foilow-Up
Currently
Done Y/N?
Rationale/Remarks on Option
24
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Shop.
Date
Waste Minimization Assessment
Proj. No.
Prepared by
Checked by
Sheet of Page.
of
WORKSHEET
WASTE MINIMIZATION:
Material Substitution
Can solvent cleaning be replaced by a bake oven or aqueous cleaning methods?
If yes, has substitution been tried?
Discuss the results:
QYes QNo
QYes QNo
Can solvent-based paints be replaced by water-based paints?
If yes, has material substitution been tried?
Discuss the results:
Q Yes D No
D Yes D No
Can solvent paint strippers be replaced by nonsolvent method?
If yes, has material substitution been tried?
Discuss the results:
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
25
-------
Shoo Waste Minimization Asst
Data Proi. No.
sssment P
C
S
WORKSHEET OPTION GENERATION:
g Material Substitution
•eoared bv
hecked bv
neet of Page of
Minting Format (e.g., brainstorming, nominal aroup technique)
Meeting Coordinator
Meeting Participants
Suggested Waste Minimization Options
Substitution/Reformulation Options
Replace Cleaning Solvents
Replace Solvent Paints
Replace Paint Strippers
Currently
Done Y/N?
.
Rationale/Remarks on Option
.
26
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Shop.
Date
Waste Minimization Assessment
Proj. No..
Prepared by _
Checked by_
Sheet of
Page
of
WORKSHEET
WASTE MINIMIZATION:
Management Practices
Are records kept of individual wastes with their sources of origin and eventual disposal?
(This can aid in pinpointing large waste streams and focus reuse efforts.)
Are the operators provided with detailed operating manuals or instruction sets?
Are all operator job functions well defined?
Are regularly scheduled training programs offered to operators?
i
Are there employee incentive programs related to waste minimization?
Does the facility have an established waste minimization program in place?
If yes, is a specific person assigned to oversee the success of the program?
Discuss goals of the program and results:
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
DYes QNo
DYes QNo
D Yes D No
D Yes D No
Has a waste minimization assessment been performed at the facility in the past?
If yes, discuss:
D Yes Q No
27
-------
Shop Waste Minimization Ass
Date Proi. No.
essment p
C
S
reoared bv
necked bv
heet of Paqe of
WORKSHEET OPTION GENERATION:
3 Management Practices
Meeting Format (e.q.T brainstormina. nominal aroup technique)
Meetina Coordinator
Meetina Participants
Suggested Waste Minimization Options
Keep Records of Waste Sources and Disposition
Waste/Materials Documentation
Provide Operating Manuals/Instructions
Employee Training
Increased Supervision
Provide Employee Incentives
Increase Plant Sanitation
Establish Waste Minimization Policy
Set Goals for Source Reduction
Set Goals for Recycling
Conduct Annual Assessments
Currently
Done Y/N?
Rationale/Remarks on Option
28
-------
Shop.
Date
Waste Minimization Assessment
Proj. No.
Prepared by
Checked by '
Sheet of Page of
WORKSHEET
WASTE MINIMIZATION:
Reuse and Recovery
Dp you return waste solutions to the manufacturer for recycling?
Do you recycle the materials on site?
Are cleaning solutions recycled?
Are ethylene glycol coolants recycled?
Are metalworking fluids recycled?
Are chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants recycled?
Are metal wastes recycled?
Have you contacted waste exchange services or commercial brokerage firms regarding wastes?
Are many different solvents used for cleaning?
If too many small-volume solvent waste streams are generated to justify on-site distillation can
the solvent used for equipment cleaning be standardized?
Is spent cleaning solvent reused as thinner or initial wash?
Has on-site distillation of the spent solvent ever been attempted? (On-site recovery of solvents
by distillation is economically feasible for as little as 8 gallons of solvent waste per day.)
If yes, is distillation still being performed?
If no, explain:
DYes
QYes
DYes
DYes
DYes
DYes
DYes
DYes
DYes
DYes
DNo
DNo
DNo
DNo
DNo
DNo
DNo
DNo
DNo
DNo
DYes DNo
D Yes D No
DYes DNo
Discuss other wastes that you are currently recycling and by which means:
29
-------
Shoo Waste Minimization Asse
Data Proi. No.
ssment Pf
a
Sf
WORKSHEET OPTION GENERATION:
•j 0 Reuse and Recovery
epared bv
lecked bv
leet of Paae of
Moating Format (o g brainstorming, nominal qroup technique)
Meeting Coordinator •
Meeting Participants . .
Suggested Waste Minimization Options
Material Recycling
Cleaning Solutions
Coolants
Metalworking Fluids
CFC Refrigerants
Copper, Aluminum, Lead, or Other Metals
Currently
Done Y/N?
Rationale/Remarks on Option
".
30
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Appendix A
MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT REPAIR SHOP ASSESSMENTS:
CASE STUDIES OF SHOPS
In 1990, the California Department of Health Ser-
vices commissioned a waste minimization study,
Waste Audit Study: Mechanical Equipment Repair
Shops, that included assessments of 12 mechanical
equipment repair shops. The objectives of the study
were to:
• Conduct assessments of three to six commercial
and industrial equipment repair shops to deter-
mine waste minimization alternatives
• Prepare a model to be used by repair shops to
assess their own waste minimization options.
Because very little information was obtained in a
preliminary survey of six shops, the number of shops
assessed was increased to 12. Thirty-five telephone
interviews were also conducted.
The relatively small amount of waste generated by
this industrial sector restricts the types of waste mini-
mization techniques that may be employed. However,
several options are available that will have a benefi-
cial impact on air quality, municipal sewer systems,
and the health and safety of workers and the public.
This appendix contains the results of the waste reduc-
tion assessments of the repair shops studied.
Results of waste reduction assessments provide
valuable information about the potential for incorpo-
rating waste reduction technologies into equipment
repair shop operations. This appendix presents sum-
maries of the results of the assessments performed by
California DHS at such operations. The summaries
presented are largely unedited and should not be taken
as recommendations of the USEPA; they are provided
as examples only. The inclusion of trade names
should not be taken as endorsement of particular prod-
ucts, but merely reflects the findings of the California
DHS about actual practices found at the companies
assessed.
The original assessments may be obtained from:
Mr. Benjamin Fries
California Department of
Toxic Substances Control
714/744 p street
Sacramento, CA 94234-7320
(916)324-1807.
31
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SUMMARY OF FIELD ASSESSMENTS
Boiler Repair Shop A
This boiler repair shop has approximately
250 employees and performs repair work mainly on
site for an electric company. Boiler tube acid clean-
ing is subcontracted. Most of the tool and shop
equipment repair is done by another subcontractor.
The repair work performed mainly entails tube
replacement.
Metal shavings from milling that contain cutting oil
are placed in a special bin on site for disposal. All
hazardous waste generated on site is disposed of by
the client and, therefore, no information is available
on waste disposal. It was recommended that the shop
launder dirty rags to minimize waste. Overall, very
little waste was generated by this shop.
Boiler Repair Shop B
This boiler repair shop has fabricated and repaired
boilers using the same basic technology for the past
68 years. The shop employs 13 people. Forty percent
of its work involves repair to boilers, with 70 percent
of the work being done in the field.
A spray booth is used periodically to paint new
boilers. Five gallons of paint are used monthly. The
spray booth equipment is self-maintaining, and very
little solvent is required for cleaning because only one
color is used. A small amount of solvent is kept in a
container for cleaning the nozzle.
Repair and maintenance of old boilers includes
cleaning tubes with wire brushes, cutting and thread-
ing new tubes using a nonhazardous cutting oil. Cut-
ting torches and welding equipment are used. Boiler
tubes are cleaned with wire brushes.
Few rags are used and they are disposed of in a
dumpster. In addition, the empty paint cans and
20 pounds of spent clay absorbent per month are also
disposed of in the dumpster. All metal waste is-sold
to a recycler, including the metal and aluminum shav-
ings containing the nonhazardous cutting oil.
Prior to painting, the metal surfaces are cleaned
with a solvent. Twenty gallons are used per month.
It was recommended that a less hazardous metal clea-
ning solvent be used and that rags be laundered.
Appliance Repair Shop
This one-person commercial and domestic appli-
ance repair shop conducts 10 percent of its repair
work on commercial equipment. Even if this shop
were to operate at a 100 percent commercial repair
level, generation of hazardous waste would not be
significant. Parts are replaced in malfunctioning
equipment and some gear cleaning is performed in
certain parts replacement operations. Used parts are
left in a box at the rear of the shop to be picked up
for recycling.
A weak acid (acetic acid) is used to clean commer-
cial steam irons and coffee pots. The spent acid,
which is probably close to neutral pH, is diposed of to
the local sewer district. One-half gallon of acetic acid
(vinegar) is used per month.
Because very little hazardous waste was generated,
it was not necessary for the shop to improve waste
management. It was recommended, however, that a
less flammable solvent than lighter fluid be used as a
parts cleaning solvent.
Lawnmower Repair Shop
This two-person lawnmower and chainsaw repair
shop does 75 percent commercial repairs and 25 per-
cent domestic repairs. It is a well-run shop, with
excellent housekeeping procedures and up-to-date
waste disposal technology. Waste oil is collected and
taken to a service center. Parts cleaning and carbu-
retor cleaning tanks are leased. Rags are laundered
weekly. Minimal waste is put into the dumpster or
down the drain.
Wastes produced include 5 gallons of carburetor
cleaner changed every 3 months (no cost available)
and 10 gallons of solvent changed monthly ($27.00);
20 gallons of used oil, which is taken to a service
center (free); and 25 to 30 contaminated rags, which
32
-------
are laundered weekly (no cost available). Monthly
disposal costs are under $100.00.
Parts that are washed with carburetor cleaner
should be properly drained prior to rinsing with water.
Some minor concrete staining was observed in the
used oil collection area. Care should be taken to
avoid spillage when transferring, oil to a 15-gallon
storage tank. The quantity of metal shavings gene-
rated and mixed with cutting oil is minimal.
Air Conditioning Repair Shop A
This air conditioning repair shop has a fleet of
13 trucks and does all repairs in the field. Twenty
percent of the repairs involve commercial equipment.
Parts replacement, Freon recharging, spray paint
touchup, copper tubing cutting, and soldering are the
main processes performed by this shop. Rags and
empty canisters are placed in the dumpster monthly.
Waste minimization could be instituted by design-
ing Freon canisters that can be refilled. A replace-
ment for paint canisters would help to reduce the
release of aerosol into the atmosphere.,
Air Conditioning Repair Shop B
This shop repairs air conditioners and heaters, and
installs air ducts and air conditioners. It has a staff of
three to four and generates minimal hazardous waste.
Motors and compressors are returned for rebuild-
ing, and used parts are recycled as scrap metal. Con-
taminated rags are laundered. Coils and condensers
are steam cleaned. A corrosive cleaner containing
potassium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate is also
used. Spray paint aerosols are used for touchup work.
In the shop storeroom are several containers of
obsolete cleaning chemicals, scale inhibitors, and rust
inhibitors. No MSDSs were available for these or any
other chemicals, and the owner and shop manager
were unaware of their existence.
Refillable Freon cans would reduce the volume of
material being deposited in a municipal dump. A
replacement for the spray canisters' aerosol would
reduce atmospheric emissions.
Good housekeeping procedures were in effect It
was recommended that MSDS sheets be obtained for
all hazardous chemicals used on site and that the
obsolete chemicals be lab packed and disposed of by a
licensed hazardous waste hauler.
c
Electric Motor Repair Shop A
Electric motors, welders, generators, and winches
are repaired by this electric repair shop, which
employs ten people. No rewinding operations are per-
formed in house. Waste streams result from internal
oil and grease removal from motor winches, hoists,
and welders (55 gal/month) and solvent from cleaning
the parts of electric motors, generators, and welders
(15 gal/month).
Specialized paints (which may be classified as
polyurethane, enamel, insulator, and gasket coat) are
used in electric motor repair to protect various parts.
All paints are applied from aerosol spray cans. A
special selection of oils and greases are also required
for different equipment parts. Many of the chemicals
from the inventory were purchased by the previous
owner. The repair shop is in the process of replacing
them with less hazardous chemicals as the old stock is
used up.
The shop recently implemented waste minimization
by converting to a solvent recycling program. Prior to
this time, waste solvents and sludge were mixed with
used oil. Solvents previously used for spray booth
painting have been eliminated since the shop now sub-
contracts this work. In addition, chemicals, especially
oils, are ordered in smaller containers and smaller
quantities to avoid waste.
Housekeeping practices can be improved by dispos-
ing the 25 pounds of spent absorbent, by laundering
the 25 pounds of dirty rags produced per month, and
by berming areas where chemical drip occurs.
Electric Motor Repair Shop B
This large repair shop employs 75 to 80 people.
Approximately 50 percent of the work is outside elec-
trical construction. In-house repairs involve motor
testing, cleaning, dismantling, stripping, rewinding,
and painting. Space within the shop is allocated to
each process. The chemical inventory in this shop
33
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was very diverse and included chemicals- used in
rewinding and in field repairs.
Most of the aerosol cans (which are specialized
cleaners, paints, potting resins, sealants, and lubri-
cants) contain hazardous materials. Examples include
CRC Cable Clean (1,1,1 trichloroethane, 96 percent),
CO Contact Cleaner (trichlorotrifluoroethane,
96.5 percent), CRC Electrical Quality Silicone (1,1,1
trichloroethane, 97 percent), Dolph Spray AC-29-7S
(xylene, 9.24 percent; MEK, 9 percent; methylene
chloride, 22 percent), and Brownell Red Insulator
(xylene, 15 percent; toluene, 5 percent; MEK, 10 per-
cent; methylene chloride, 20 percent).
Paint removal, which was previously performed
with Marine Grade Paint and Varnish Remover (meth-
ylene chloride, 66 percent; 1,1,1 trichloroethane,
8 percent), has been replaced by sand blasting or
using a bum oven.
The repair shop has converted from heavy solvent
usage to steam cleaning for cleaning motors.
Although the cost is slightly higher for the steam
cleaning operation, the owner does not have to
contend with worker exposure to chemicals and the
liability that results from hazardous waste disposal.
Process time is longer with steam cleaning.
The shop is well run, with excellent housekeeping
procedures. Waste oils and scrap metals are recycled.
Rags are laundered.
Tool Repair Shop
This pneumatic equipment repair shop repairs and
rents hoists, winches, and assorted tools. Approxi-
mately 10 percent of the repairs pertain to rental tools.
Six people perform the repairs at assigned stations
within the shop.
A wide variety of greases were observed in the
storage area as a result of the many different require-
ments in repairing motors and hoists. This shop has
the unique problem of having to use many different
colors of paint to identify equipment for various con-
tractors. The manager has expressed concern over the
high number of spray cans used, but he is unable to
come up with a solution since so many different col-
ors are applied and a spray booth system would not be
suitable.
Paint and rust are removed by either sand blasting
with plastic pellets, sanding, or milling. Five solvent
sinks and a carburetor cleaner drum used for parts
cleaning were recently installed. Prior to this, sol-
vents were mixed with the used oil.
Steam cleaning is performed on certain equipment.
The wastewater goes directly to the drain. Use of
detergent is minimal.
The shop is well run, clean, and has excellent
housekeeping procedures. However, a sump should
be constructed for the steam cleaning unit to collect
hazardous material. Workers have a tendency to leave
solvent sink pumps on when they are not being used.
Solvent evaporation could be reduced by shutting off
the pump when the sink is not in use.
Millwright Repair Shop
Millwrights are machinery movers and erectors.
They erect, assemble, level, and align new and old
equipment. Not many millwrights venture into this
field as their only business. Generally, trucking and
millwright operations are combined.
At the repair shop surveyed for this assessment,
repairs to equipment being installed are generally done
at the job site. Boiler repair and cleaning are subcon-
tracted, as are any major paint jobs. Special parts are
fabricated in the repair shop. Many of the chemicals
reported pertain to vehicle maintenance. Very little of
the chemicals used and waste generated arises from
actual equipment repair. Spent absorbent, metal shav-
ings with cutting oil, and empty cans are disposed in
the dumpster. Less than 5 gallons per month of used
oil are generated from equipment. Since processes
that generate hazardous waste (i.e., spray painting) are
subcontracted, this millwright does not generate much
hazardous waste. A leased solvent sink and a laundry
service for contaminated rags further reduces waste.
Rental Repair Shop A
This diverse welding equipment/rental repair shop
specializes in tools and equipment for boiler and refin-
ery repairs. The shop rents, repairs, and rebuilds
34
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welders; generators; hoists; and hydraulic, pneumatic,
and electric tools. Spray paint cans are used to touch
up equipment, and major paint jobs are subcontracted.
Minimal waste is generated from repairs and rebuild-
ing. The shop, however, needs to address its'solvent
disposal procedure and method of rag disposal. A
solvent tank should be leased, and contaminated rags
should be laundered. The waste oil drum should be
covered and labelled, and a concrete pad and berm
should be constructed to support it.
Rental Repair Shop B
This shop rents heavy earth-moving equipment, as
well as lifts, generators, tools, and pumps. It has
incorporated several waste minimization activities.
These include replacing oil-based paints with water-
based paints in the spray booth operation, renting sol-
vent tanks, laundering rags, and eliminating spray cans
and brake cleaning fluid. Overall, this operation was
very well run.
35
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Appendix B
WHERE TO GET HELP:
FURTHER INFORMATION ON POLLUTION PREVENTION
Additional information on source reduction, reuse
and recycling approaches to pollution prevention is
available in EPA reports listed in this section, and
through state programs and regional EPA offices
(listed below) that offer technical and/or financial
assistance in the areas of pollution prevention and
treatment.
Waste exchanges have been established in some
areas of the U.S. to put waste generators in contact
with potential users of the waste. Twenty-four
exchanges operating in the U.S. and Canada are listed.
Finally, relevant industry associations are listed.
U.S. EPA Reports on
Waste Minimization
Facility Pollution Prevention Guide. EPA/600/R-
92/088*
Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessment Manual.
EPA/625/7-88/003*
Waste Minimization Audit Report: Case Studies of
Corrosive and Heavy Metal Waste Minimization Audit
at a Specialty Steel Manufacturing Complex. Execu-
tive Summary. EPA No. PB88-107180.**
Waste Minimization Audit Report: Case Studies of
Minimization of Solvent Waste for Parts Cleaning and
from Electronic Capacitor Manufacturing Operation.
Executive Summary. EPA NO. PB87-227013.**
* Available from EPA CERI Publications Unit (513) 569-7562,
26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45268.
** Executive Summary available from EPA, CERI Publications
Unit, (513) 569-7562, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cin-
cSnnali, OH, 45268; full report available from the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of
Commerce, Springfield, VA, 22161.
Waste Minimization Audit Report: Case Studies of
Minimization of Cyanide Wastes from Electroplating
Operations. Executive Summary. EPA No. PB87-
229662.**
Report to Congress: Waste Minimization, Vols. I and
II. EPA/530-SW-86-033 and -034 (Washington, D.C.:
U.S. EPA, 1986).***
Waste Minimization—Issues and Options, Vols. I-III.
EPA/530-SW-86-041 through -043. (Washington,
D.C.: U.S. EPA, 1986.)***
The Guides to Pollution Prevention manuals*
describe waste minimization options for specific
industries. This is a continuing series which currentiy
includes the following tides:
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Industry. EPA/625/7-90/005.
Paint Manufacturing
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Pesticide For-
mulating Industry. EPA/625/7-90/004.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Commercial
Printing Industry. EPA/625/7-90/008.
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Metal Industry. EPA/625/7-90/006.
The Fabricated
Guides to Pollution Prevention for Selected Hospital
Waste Streams. EPA/625/7-90/009.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: Research and Educa-
tional Institutions. EPA/625/7-90/010.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Printed Circuit
Board Manufacturing Industry. EPA/625/7-90/007.
*** Available from the National Technical Information Service as
a five-volume set, NTIS No. PB-87-114-328.
36
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Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Industry. EPA/625/7-91/017.
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Industry. EPA/625/7-91/012.
The Pharmaceutical
The Photoprocessing
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Fiberglass Rein-
forced and Composite Plastic Industry. EPA/625/7-
91/014.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Automotive
Repair Industry. EPA/625/7-91/013.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Automotive
Refinishing Industry. EPA/625/7-91/016.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Marine Mainte-
nance and Repair Industry. EPA/625/7-91/015.
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
and Heat Treating Industry.
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
ment Repair Shops.
Guides to Pollution Prevention:
Industry.
The Metal Casting
Mechanical Equip-
The Metal Finishing
U.S. EPA Pollution Prevention Information Gearing
House (PPIQ: Electronic Information Exchange Sys-
tem (EIES}—User Guide, Version 1.1. EPA/600/9-
89/086.
Waste Reduction Technical/
Financial Assistance Programs
The EPA Pollution Prevention Information Clear-
inghouse (PPIC) was established to encourage, waste
reduction through technology transfer, education, and
public awareness. PPIC collects and disseminates
technical and other information about pollution pre-
vention through a telephone hotline and an electronic
information exchange network. Indexed bibliogra-
phies and abstracts of reports, publications, and case
studies about pollution prevention are available. PPIC
also lists a calendar of pertinent conferences and semi-
nars, information about activities abroad, and a direc-
tory of waste exchanges. Its Pollution Prevention
Information Exchange System (PIES) can be accessed
electronically 24 hours a day without fees.
For more information contact:
PIES Technical'Assistance
Science Applications International Corp.
8400 Westpark Drive
McLean, VA 22102
(703) 821-4800
or
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Myles E. Morse
Office of Environmental Engineering and
Technology Demonstration
(202) 475-7161
Priscilla Flattery
Pollution Prevention Office
(202) 245-3557
The EPA's Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response has a telephone call-in service to answer
questions regarding RCRA and Superfund (CERCLA).
The telephone numbers are:
(800) 242-9346 (outside the District of Columbia)
(202) 382-3000 (in the District of Columbia)
The following programs offer technical and/or
financial assistance for waste minimization and
treatment.
Alabama
Hazardous Material Management and Resource
Recovery Program
University of Alabama
P.O. Box 6373
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-6373
(205) 348-8401
Department of Environmental Management
1751 Federal Drive .
Montgomery, AL 36130
(205)271-7914
37
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Alaska
Alaska Health Project
Waste Reduction Assistance Program
431 West Seventh Avenue, Suite 101
Anchorage, AK 99501
(907) 276-2864
Arizona
Arizona Department of Economic Planning and
Development
1645 West Jefferson Street
Phoenix, AZ 85007
(602) 255-5705
Arkansas
Arkansas Industrial Development Commission
One State Capitol Mall
Little Rock, AR 72201
(501) 371-1370
California
Alternative Technology Section
Toxic Substances Control Division
California State Department of Health Services
714/744 p street
Sacramento, CA 94234-7320
(916) 324-1807
Pollution Prevention Program
San Diego County Department of Health Services
Hazardous Materials Management Division
P.O. Box 85261
San Diego, CA 92186-5261
(619) 338-2215
Colorado
Division of Commerce and Development Commission
500 State Centennial Building
Denver, CO 80203
(303) 866-2205
Connecticut
Connecticut Hazardous Waste Management Service
Suite 360
900 Asylum Avenue
Hartford, CT 06105
(203) 244-2007
Connecticut Department of Economic Development
210 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(203) 566-7196
Delaware
Delaware Department of Community Affairs &
Economic Development
630 State College Road
Dover, DE 19901
(302) 736-4201
District of Columbia
U.S. Department of Energy
Conservation and Renewable Energy
Office of Industrial Technologies
Office of Waste Reduction, Waste Material
Management Division
Bruce Cranford CE-222
Washington, DC 20585
(202) 586-9496
Pollution Control Financing Staff
Small Business Administration
1441 "L" Street, N.W., Room 808
Washington, DC 20416
(202) 653-2548
Florida
Waste Reduction Assistance Program
Florida Department of Environmental Regulation
2600 Blair Stone Road
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400
(904) 488-0300
Georgia
Hazardous Waste Technical Assistance Program
Georgia Institute of Technology
Georgia Technical Research Institute
Environmental Health and Safety Division
O'Keefe Building, Room 027
Atlanta, GA 30332
(404) 894-3806
Environmental Protection Division
Georgia Department of Natural Resources
205 Butler Street, S.E., Suite 1154
Atlanta, GA 30334
, (404) 656-2833 , .
38
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Guam
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Program
Guam Environmental Protection Agency
IT&E Harmon Plaza, Complex Unit D-107
130 Rojas Street
Harmon, Guam 96911
(671)646-8863-5
Hawaii
Department of Planning & Economic Development
Financial Management and Assistance Branch
P.O. Box 2359
Honolulu, HI 96813
(808) 548-4617
Idaho
IDHW-DEQ
Hazardous Materials Bureau
450 West State Street, 3rd Floor
Boise, ID 83720
(208) 334-5879
Illinois
Hazardous Waste Research and Information Center
Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources
One East Hazelwood Drive
Champaign, EL 61820
(217) 333-8940
Illinois Waste Elimination Research Center
Pritzker Department of Environmental Engineering
Alumni Memorial Hall, Room 103
Illinois Institute of Technology
3201 South Dearborn
Chicago, IL 60616
(312) 567-3535
Indiana
Environmental Management and Education Program
School of Civil Engineering
Purdue University
2129 Civil Engineering Building
West Lafayette, IN 47907
(317)494-5036
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Office of Technical Assistance
P.O. Box 6015
105 South Meridian Street
Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015
(317) 232-8172
Iowa
Center for Industrial Research and Service
Iowa State University
Suite 500, Building 1 '.
2501 North Loop Drive
Ames, IA 50010-8286
(515) 294-3420
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Air Quality and Solid Waste Protection Bureau
Wallace State Office Building
900 East Grand Avenue
DesMoines, IA 50319-0034
(515) 281-8690
Waste Management Authority
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Henry A. Wallace Building
900 East Grand
Des Monies, IA 50319
(515) 281-8489
Iowa Waste Reduction Center
University of Northern Iowa
75 Biology Research Complex
Cedar Falls, IA 50614
(319) 273-2079
Kansas
Bureau of Waste Management
Department of Health and Environment
Forbes Field, Building 730
Topeka, KS 66620
(913) 269-1607
Kentucky
Division of Waste Management
Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
Cabinet
18 Reilly Road
Frankfort, KY 40601
(502)564-6716
Kentucky Partners
Room 312 Ernst Hall
University of Louisville
Speed Scientific School
Louisville, KY 40292
(502) 588-7260
39
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Louisiana
Department of Environmental Quality
Office of Solid and Hazardous Waste
P.O. Box 44307
Baton Rouge, LA 70804
(504) 342-1354
Maine
State Planning Office
184 State Street
Augusta, ME 04333
(207) 289-3261
Maryland
Maryland Hazardous Waste Facilities Siting Board
60 West Street, Suite 200 A
Annapolis, MD 21401
(301) 974-3432
Massachusetts
Office of Technical Assistance
Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
100 Cambridge Street, Room 1904
Boston, MA 02202
(617) 727-3260
Source Reduction Program
Massachusetts Department of Environmental
Quality Engineering
1 Winter Street
Boston, MA 02108
(617) 292-5982
Michigan
Resource Recovery Section
Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI 48909
(517) 373-0540
Minnesota
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Solid and Hazardous Waste Division
520 Lafayette Road
StPaul,MN 55155
(612) 296-6300
Minnesota Technical Assistance Program
1313 5th Street, S.E., Suite 207
Minneapolis, MN 55414
(612) 627-4646
(800) 247-0015 (in Minnesota)
Mississippi
Waste Reduction & Minimization Program
Bureau of Pollution Control
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 10385
Jackson, MS 39289-0385
(601) 961-5190
Missouri
State Environmental Improvement and Energy
Resources Agency
P.O. Box 744
Jefferson City, MO 65102
(314) 751-4919
Waste Management Program
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Jefferson Building, 13th Floor
P.O. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
(314) 751-3176
Nebraska
Land Quality Division
Nebraska Department of Environmental Control
Box 98922
State House Station
Lincoln, ME 68509-8922
(402) 471-2186
Hazardous Waste Section
Nebraska Department of Environmental Control
P.O. Box 98922
Lincoln, NE 68509-8922
(402) 471-2186
New Jersey
New Jersey Hazardous Waste,Facilities Siting
Commission
Room 514
28 West State Street
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 292-1459
(609) 292-1026
40
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Hazardous Waste Advisement Program
Bureau of Regulation and Classification
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
401 East State Street
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 292-8341
Risk Reduction Unit
Office of Science and Research
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
401 East State Street
Trenton, NJ 08625
(609) 292-8341
New Mexico
Economic Development Department
Bataan Memorial Building
State Capitol Complex
Santa Fe, NM 87503
(505) 827-6207
New York
New York Environmental Facilities Corporation
50 Wolf Road
Albany, NY 12205
(518) 457-4222
North Carolina
Pollution Prevention Pays Program
Department of Natural Resources and Community
Development
P.O. Box 27687
512 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
(919) 733-7015
Governor's Waste Management Board
P.O. Box 27687
325 North Salisbury Street
Raleigh, NC 27611-7687
(919) 733-9020
Technical Assistance Unit
Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Branch
North Carolina Department of Human Resources
P.O. Box 2091
306 North Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27602
(919) 733-2178
North Dakota
North Dakota Economic Development Commission
Liberty Memorial Building
State Capitol Grounds
Bismarck, ND 58505
(701) 224-2810
Ohio
Division of Hazardous Waste Management
Division of Solid and Infectious Waste Management
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 1049
1800 Watermark Drive
Columbus, OH 43266-0149
(614)644-2917
Oklahoma
Industrial Waste Elimination Program
Oklahoma State Department of Health
P.O. Box 53551
Oklahoma City, OK 73152
(405) 271-7353
Oregon
Oregon Hazardous Waste Reduction Program
Department of Environmental Quality
811 Southwest Sixth Avenue
Portland, OR 97204
(503) 229-5913
(800) 452-4011 (in Oregon)
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Technical Assistance Program
501 F. Orvis Keller Building
University Park, PA 16802
(814)865-0427
Center of Hazardous Material Research
Subsidiary of the University of Pittsburgh Trust
320 William Pitt Way
Pittsburgh, PA 15238
(412) 826-5320
(800) 334-2467
Puerto Rico
Government of Puerto Rico
Economic Development Administration
Box 2350
San Juan, PR 00936
(809) 758-4747
41
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Rhode Island
Hazardous Waste Reduction Section
Office of Environmental Management
83 Park Street
Providence, RI 02903
(401) 277-3434
(800) 253-2674 (in Rhode Island)
South Carolina
Center for Waste Minimization
Department of Health and Environmental Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 734-4715
South Dakota
Department of State Development
P.O. Box 6000
Pierre, SD 57501
(800) 843-8000
Tennessee
Center for Industrial Services
University of Tennessee
Building #401
226 Capitol Boulevard
Nashville, TN 37219-1804
(615) 242-2456
Bureau of Environment
Tennessee Department of Health and Environment
150 9th Avenue North
Nashville, TN 37219-5404
(615) 741-3657
Tennessee Hazardous Waste Minimization Program
Tennessee Department of Economic and Community
Development
Division of Existing Industry Services
7th Floor, 320 6th Avenue, North
Nashville, TN 37219
(615) 741-1888
Texas
Texas Economic Development Authority
410 East Fifth Street
Austin, TX 78701
(512) 472-5059
Utah
Utah Division of Economic Development
6150 State Office Building
Salt Lake City, UT 84114
(801) 533-5325
Vermont
Economic Development Department
Pavilion Office Building
Montpelier, VT 05602
(802) 828-3221
Virginia
Office of Policy and Planning
Virginia Department of Waste Management
llth Floor, Monroe Building
101 North 14th Street
Richmond, VA 23219
(804) 225-2667 ,
Washington
Hazardous Waste Section
Mail Stop PV-11
Washington Department of Ecology
Olympia,WA 98504-8711
(206) 459-6322
West Virginia
Governor's Office of Economics and Community
Development
Building G, Room B-517
Capitol Complex
Charleston, WV 25305
(304) 348-2234
Wisconsin
Bureau of Solid Waste Management
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 7921
101 South Webster Street
Madison, WI 53707
(608) 267-3763
Wyoming
Solid Waste Management Program
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality
Herschler Building, 4th Floor, West Wing
122 West 25th Street
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307) 777-7752
42
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Waste Exchanges
Alberta Waste Materials Exchange
Mr. William C. Kay
Alberta Research Council
P.O. Box 8330
Postal Station F
Edmonton, Alberta
CANADA T6H5X2
(403) 450-5408
British Columbia Waste Exchange
Ms. Judy Toth
2150 Maple Street
Vancouver, B.C.
CANADA V6J3T3
(604) 731-7222
California Waste Exchange
Mr. Robert McCormick
Department of Health Services
Toxic Substances Control Program
Alternative Technology Division
P.O. Box 942732
Sacramento, CA 94234-7320
(916) 324-1807
Canadian Chemical Exchange*
Mr. Philippe LaRoche
P.O. Box 1135
Ste-Adele, Quebec
CANADA JOR 1LO
(514)229-6511
Canadian Waste Materials Exchange
ORTECH International
Dr. Robert Laughlin
2395 Speakman Drive
Mississauga, Ontario
CANADA L5K IBS
(416) 822-4111 (Ext. 265)
FAX: (416)823-1446
Enstar Corporation*
Mr. J. T. Engster
P.O. Box 189
Latham, NY 12110
(518) 785-0470
Great Lakes Regional Waste Exchange
400 Ann Street, N.W., Suite 204
Grand Rapids, MI 49504
(616) 363-3262
Indiana Waste Exchange
Dr. Lynn A. Corson
Purdue University
School of Civil Engineering
Civil Engineering Building
West Lafayette, IN 47907
(317)494-5036
Industrial Materials Exchange
Mr. Jerry Henderson
172 20th Avenue
Seattle, WA 98122
(206) 296-4633
FAX: (206) 296-0188
Industrial Materials Exchange Service
Ms. Diane Shockey
P.O. Box 19276
Springfield, JJL 62794-9276
(217) 782-0450
FAX: (217) 524-4193
Industrial Waste Information Exchange
Mr. William E. Payne
New Jersey Chamber of Commerce
5 Commerce Street
Newark, NJ 07102
(201)623-7070
Manitoba Waste Exchange
Mr. James Ferguson
c/o Biomass Energy Institute, Inc.
1329 Niakwa Road
Winnipeg, Manitoba
CANADA R2J3T4
(204)257-3891
*For-Profit Waste Information Exchange
43
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Montana Industrial Waste Exchange
Mr. Don Ingles
Montana Chamber of Commerce
P.O. Box 1730
Helena, MT 59624
(406) 442-2405
New Hampshire Waste Exchange
Mr. Gary J. Olson
c/o NHRRA
P.O. Box 721
Concord, NH 03301
(603) 224-6996
Northeast Industrial Waste Exchange, Inc.
Mr. Lewis Cutler
90 Presidential Plaza, Suite 122
Syracuse, NY 13202
(315) 422-6572
FAX: (315)422-9051
Ontario Waste Exchange
ORTECH International
Ms. Linda Varangu
2395 Speakman Drive
Mississauga, Ontario
CANADA L5K 1B3
(416) 822-4111 (Ext. 512)
FAX: (416)823-1446
Pacific Materials Exchange
Mr. Bob Smee
South 3707 Godfrey Boulevard
Spokane, WA 99204
(509) 623-4244
Peel Regional Waste Exchange
Mr. Glen Milbury
Regional Municipality of Peel
10 Peel Center Drive
Brampton, Ontario
CANADA L6T4B9
(416) 791-9400
RENEW
Ms. Hope Castillo
Texas Water Commission
P.O. Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711-3087
(512) 463-7773
FAX: (512)463-8317
San Francisco Waste Exchange
Ms. Portia Sinnott
2524 Benvenue #35
Berkeley, CA 94704
(415) 548-6659
Southeast Waste Exchange
Ms. Maxie L. May
Urban Institute
UNCC Station
Charlotte, NC 28223
(704) 547-2307
Southern Waste Information Exchange
Mr. Eugene B. Jones
P.O. Box 960
Tallahassee, FL 32302
(800) 441-SWIX (7949)
(904) 644-5516
FAX: (904) 574-6704
Tennessee Waste Exchange
Ms. Patti Christian
226 Capital Boulevard, Suite 800
Nashville, TN 37202
(615) 256-5141
FAX: (615)256-6726
Wastelink, Division of Tencon, Inc.
Ms. Mary E. Malotke
140 Wooster Pike
Milford, OH 45150
(513) 248-0012
FAX: (513)248-1094
U.S. EPA Regional Offices
Region 1 (VT, NH, ME, MA, CT, RI)
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Boston, MA 02203
(617) 565-3715
Region 2 (NY, NJ, PR, VI)
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
(212) 264-2525
44
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Region 3 (PA, DE, MD, WV, VA, DC)
841 Chestnut Street
Philadelphia, PA 19107
(215) 597-9800
Region 4 (KY, TN, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS)
345 Courfland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
(404) 347-4727
Region 5 (WI, MM, MI, IL, IN, OH)
230 South Dearborn Street
Chicago, IL 60604
(312) 353-2000
Region 6 (NM, OK, AR, LA, TX)
1445 Ross Avenue
Dallas, TX 75202
(214) 655-6444
Region 7 (NE, KS, MO, IA)
756 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913) 236-2800
Region 8 (MT, ND, SD, WY, UT, CO)
999 18th Street
Denver, CO 80202-2405
(303) 293-1603
Region 9 (CA, NV, AZ, HI, GU)
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 744-1305
Region 10 (AK, WA, OR, ID)
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
(206) 442-5810
Industry & Trade Associations
Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute
1501 Wilson Boulevard, 6th Floor
Arlington, VA 22209
. (703) 524-8000
American Welding Society
P.O. Box 351040
550 LeJeune Road, NW
Miami, FL 33135
(305) 443-9353
National Board of Boilers and Pressure Vessel
Inspectors
1055 Crupper Avenue
Columbus, OH 43229
(614) 888-8320
National Electrical Manufacturing Association
2101 L Street, NW
Washington, DC 20037
(202) 457-8400
45
•&U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1994 -
550401/80374
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