~s r
      United States
      Environmental Protection
      Agency
Office of Research and
Development
Washington DC 20460
EPA/625/R-96/002
September 1996
      Drinking Water Treatment
      Plant
      User Documentation

-------

-------
            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
        Drinking Water
        Treatment Plant
        (DWTP) Advisor
                FINAL
              Version 1.3
              June 1996
     To install, run a:\install (or b:\install)

Installation details are in Chapter 2 of the User Document

-------

-------
                                  TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION                                                                           PAGE

ATTENTION	        i

1       INTRODUCTION TO THE DWTP Advisor	        1

        1.0    Introduction	       1

        1.1    Problem Definition	       1
              1.1.1    Evaluation of Major Unit Processes  	       \1
              1.1.2    Assessment of Plant Performance  	       2
              1.1.3    Identification and Prioritization of Performance-Limiting
                       Factors  	       2
              1.1.4    Development of the DWTP Advisor	       2 .

        1.2    Technical Information	       3
              1.2.1    Hardware Requirements	       3
              1.2.2    Memory Requirements and Memory Configuration  	       3
              1.2.3    Software Specifications	      10
              1.2.4    Contents of the System	      11
              1.2.5    Conventions Used in this User Documentation  	      11

2       GETTING STARTED   	,	       13

        2.0    Introduction   	      13

        2.1    Installing the DWTP Advisor   	      13
              2.1.1    Making a Backup Copy	      13
              2.1.2    Installation Procedures	      13

        2.2    Starting the System	      13

        2.3    Windows, Menus, and Function Keys  	      14
              2.3.1    Windows  	      14
              2.3.2    Menus	      14
              2.3.3    Command Line  	      15

        2.4    The Main Menu	      15

        2.5    The Configuration Screen	      16

        2.6    Data Entry Forms	      16
              2.6.1    Data Entry Form Windows	      17
              2.6.2    Data Entry Form Command Line	      18

        2.7    Single Answer Format	      18
                                               ill

-------
                           TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
SECTION                                                                          PAGE

3      MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATION   	       19

       3.0    Introduction	      19

       3.1    The Drinking Water Treatment Plant Configuration Screen	      19
              3.1.1    Performance Potential Graph  	      19
              3.1.2    DWTP Configuration Screen Command Line	      19

       3.2    Major Unit Process Evaluations  	      20

       3.3    Data Entry  	      21

       3.4    Report Generation  	      21

4      PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS	       23

       4.0    Introduction	      23

       4.1    The Performance-Limiting Factors Screen  	•	      23
              4.1.1    Listing of PLFs	      23
              4.1.2    Performance-Limiting Factors Screen Command Line  	      24

       4.2    Analyzing Performance-Limiting Factors 	      24

       4.3    Data Entry  	      25

       4.4    Report Generation  	      25

5      SAMPLE SESSION  	,	       27

       5.1    Loading the Example File  	      28

       5.2    MUP Data Entry	      28

       5.3    Major Unit Process Evaluations  	      38

       5.4    Corrective Considerations	      40

       5.5    PLF Data Entry  	      41

Appendix A DWTP Advisor Data Elements

Appendix B DWTP Advisor Sample Reports

Appendix C DWTP Advisor Sample Data Entry Sheets

Appendix D DWTP Advisor Tutorial

                                            iv

-------
                                            ATTENTION
The Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor and User Documentation are designed to assist personnel who
are responsible for improving the performance of existing water treatment plants in order to achieve compliance with
the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR).  The 'expert' information contained in the program's knowledge base
was obtained from knowledge engineering sessions with domain experts and from:

•       Interim Handbook:  Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction
        Program Approach, EPA/625/6-91/027.

The Interim Handbook describes methods to evaluate an existing facility's potential to achieve required performance,
and a process for systematically improving performance.

Although the DWTP Advisor is capable of producing assessments based upon the Comprehensive Performance
Evaluation (CPE) methodology, the most effective results will always be produced by experienced users who are
knowledgeable in the techniques and philosophy behind the methodology.  Therefore, the DWTP Advisor should be
considered as part of an overall water treatment plant assessment consisting of the interim handbook listed above, the
DWTP Advisor, the DWTP User Documentation, and any Composite Correction Program (CCP) seminars and
training sessions.

To obtain a copy of the Interim Handbook: Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite
Correction Program Approach, fill in the form below and send it to:

                    National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
                    Technology Transfer and Support Division
                    U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                    P.O. Box 19963
                    Cincinnati, OH 45219-0963

General information about the DWTP Advisor can be found on EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD)
can be found on EPA's Office of Research and Development's (ORD's) Bulletin Board (data lines: 513-569-7610 or
513-567-7700, voice line: 513-569-7272), and home page (http://www.epa.gov/ORD/).

-------

-------
                                             CHAPTER 1
                         INTRODUCTION TO THE DWTP ADVISOR
1.0   INTRODUCTION

The Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor is a software application which has been designed to provide
assistance in the evaluation of drinking water treatment plants. Specifically, this program, which is based on the source
document Interim Handbook Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction Program
Approach, will assist personnel responsible for improving the performance of existing water treatment^plants in order to
achieve compliance with the Surface Water Treatment Rule (S WTR). The S WTR requirement is mat plant turbidity must
be less than 0.5 NTU 95% of the time.
1.1   PROBLEM DEFINITION

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Drinking Water has been given the responsibility by Congress
of regulating the nation's water systems to assure that they produce drinking water that protects the public's health. To meet
this objective, a large number of drinking water regulations are being promulgated and all public water systems are expected
to comply.  EPA, therefore, is interested in finding cost-effective methods to achieve compliance with these regulations.

The DWTP Advisor was developed, in part, due to the success of the POTW Expert system and the Composite Correction
Program Approach. The POTW Expert is designed to identify probable factors that hinder an existing POTW facility's
ability to achieve optimum performance and/or capacity. It is modeled after the Composite Correction Program Approach.
Significant success has been achieved in improving performance at many wastewater treatment facilities, without major
capital  improvements, using this approach.  The approach consists of two phases: the Comprehensive Performance
Evaluation (CPE) phase and the Composite Correction Program (CCP) phase. A CPE is a thorough review and analysis
of a plant's design capabilities and associated administrative, operational, and maintenance practices.  A CCP is the
performance improvement phase that is implemented if the results from the CPE indicate that improved performance can
be achieved.

A CPE involves the following activities which are described in the following sections:

                Evaluation of Major Unit Processes
                Assessment of Plant Performance
                Identification and Prioritization of Performance-Limiting Factors
                Assessment of Applicability of Follow-Up CCP
                Reporting of Results
 1.1.1  Evaluation of Major Unit Processes

 The major unit process evaluation is an assessment of the potential of existing processes to handle peak instantaneous flow
 (PIF) requirements. If the CPE indicates that the major unit processes are potentially adequate, a major plant upgrade or
 expansion may not be necessary, and a properly conducted CCP should be implemented to optimize performance.  If, on the
 other hand, the CPE shows that major unit processes are inadequate, utility owners should consider modification of these
 processes as the initial focus for achieving desired performance.

 Evaluators use a system to rate each unit process and the overall site Type 1,2, or 3. Type 1 plants are those where a CPE
 shows that current performance difficulties are not caused by limitations in size or capability of existing processes. In these
 cases, it is likely that problems are related to plant operation, maintenance, or administration, and desired performance can

-------
usually be achieved through a CCP. Type 2 plants are those where marginal capacity of unit processes could potentially
prohibit a plant from achieving the desired performance level. For Type 2 facilities, implementation of a CCP would
probably lead to improved performance, but might not achieve required levels without modifications to the major treatment
units. Type 3 plants are those in which major unit processes are projected to be inadequate to provide the required capacity
for existing water demands.  Major modifications are required to achieve compliance with applicable regulations.


1.1.2  Assessment of Plant Performance

The Performance Assessment step uses existing and on-site data evaluations to determine if unit process and total plant
performance have been optimized. Performance of each unit process (flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection)
is assessed to identify poorly performing unit processes and thus poorly performing plants, even though these facilities have
reported compliance with turbidity regulations. During the evaluation of plant data, laboratory quality control and sample
locations should be reviewed to ensure that proper sampling and analysis have provided data that are truly representative
of plant performance. To supplement existing plant data, special studies should be performed during a CPE.  A typical
special study is a time versus turbidity profile conducted on filters before and after backwashing.

Another important aspect of the performance assessment is the determination of peak instantaneous operating flow rate. This
is the flow rate against which the capability of each major unit process is assessed during the major unit process evaluation.
It is also used to determine if plant performance can be improved by reducing the plant flow rate and extending the plant
operating time. This flow rate is identified through review of operating practices and flow control capability.


1.1.3  Identification and Prioritization of Performance-Limiting Factors

A significant aspect of any CPE is the identification of factors that limit the existing facility's performance.  This step is
critical in defining the focus of follow-up efforts. Performance-limiting factors (PLFs) are divided into the broad categories
of administration, maintenance, design, and operation.  After all performance-limiting factors are identified, they are
prioritized in order of their adverse effect on achievement of desired plant performance. This prioritization establishes the
sequence and/or emphasis of follow-up activities necessary to optimize facility performance.

Prioritization of factors is accomplished in a two-step process.  First, all factors that have been identified are individually
assessed with regard to adverse impact on plant performance and  assigned an "A", "B", or "C" rating. "A" factors are major
sources of performance deficiency and are the central focus of any subsequent improvement program. Factors are assigned
a "B" rating if they either routinely contribute to poor plant performance but are not the major problem, or, they cause a major
degradation of plant performance, but only on a periodic basis. Factors receive a "C" rating if they contribute to a
performance problem, but have minor effect. The second step of prioritizing factors is to list those receiving an "A" rating
in order of severity, followed by those receiving a "B" rating. "C" factors are not prioritized.
 1.1.4  Development of the DWTP Advisor

 The development of the DWTP Advisor grew from the idea that the Composite Correction Program approach might also
 be applied to drinking water facilities. The State of Montana, with financial support from EPA Region 8, evaluated the
 effectiveness of using the CCP approach at small water treatment facilities using surface water supplies. Nine CPEs and
 three CCPs were completed.  Each of the existing facilities at which CCPs were implemented were brought into consistent
 compliance with the SWTR requirements for finished water turbidity,  unproved performance was also achieved at plants
 where only the CPE phase of the.program was completed.

 The DWTP  Advisor has as its major objective the improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of the Comprehensive
 Performance Evaluation Methodology as applied to small water treatment facilities using surface water sources. It is used
 to assist water treatment plant evaluators by assessing plant capacity and identifying possible performance-limiting factors.

-------
The system consists of two major components: Major Unit Process Evaluation and Performance-Limiting Factors, designed
to be used in that order. These modules are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively.
1.2  TECHNICAL INFORMATION

1.2.1  Hardware Requirements

The DWTP Advisor requires an IBM AT or compatible computer with the following components:

                A hard disk with at least 5.0 megabytes of free space
                At least 550 Kilobytes of available conventional memory
                A 3.5" high density floppy disk drive (1.4 MB)
                DOS version 3.0 or higher
                A printer (EPSON compatible) configured as system device PRN (optional)
1.2.2   Memory Requirements and Memory Configuration

DWTP Advisor requires 550 kilobytes of free conventional memory. This requirement is approximate, since individual PC
configurations can cause this amount to fluctuate. If you have just over 550 kilobytes of free conventional memory and are
unable to run DWTP Advisor, you may need to check your computer's memory configuration. If you are running MS-DOS
through Windows this may also affect the amount of available memory. If you have difficulty running DWTP Advisor from
DOS running under Windows, it is advised that you run DWTP without Windows loaded.

Given the prevalence of network drivers and other terminate-stay-resident (TSR) modules in DOS system configurations,
your system may not currently provide the free memory DWTP needs to run dependably. Conventional memory is the first
640 kilobytes of random access memory (RAM) available to the DOS operating system in an IBM-compatible PC. Most
PC's today are equipped with significantly more than 640 kilobytes of memory. Four, eight, sixteen, and even thirty-two
megabytes or more of total memory is common today, however, only the first 640  kilobytes of memory is known as
conventional memory; the remaining memory is either "extended" or "expanded", and is sometimes called "upper" or "high"
memory. DOS applications must use conventional memory for at least some aspects of program execution, while upper
memory can be  used if available. Therefore, an application may have specific requirements of conventional memory in
addition to overall total RAM requirements. DWTP, as stated above, requires 550 kilobytes of conventional memory to be
available.

To check the amount of available conventional memory, run the DOS command MEM (type "MEM" at the DOS prompt,
and press ENTER). The amount of free conventional memory is displayed in a chart on the screen (the "free" column of the
"conventional" row reports the number of "K", where K stands for kilobytes). If your version of DOS does not provide the
MEM  command, you may run CHKDSK. Near the end of the output you will see a number of "bytes free", which is the
amount of free conventional memory. Note that a kilobyte is 1024 bytes. If you find that you have at least 550 kilobytes of
free conventional memory, your system will run DWTP without modification of your memory configuration, and you need
not read further in this section. If you have less than 550 kilobytes of conventional memory, however, you will need to modify
your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files in order to configure your PC to provide sufficient conventional RAM for
DWTP Advisor.

Three approaches to modifying your PC configuration are discussed in this section:

•      If you have DOS 6.0 (or better), you can set up your PC for multiple configurations using the DOS CONFIG.SYS
        menu feature, which is explained below in Section 1.2.2.1.  You can set up your system so that a menu is displayed
        at system startup. From the menu, you can select to configure for DWTP or configure as you do currently. Template
        CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files are provided  to assist you in implementing this approach. If your PC

-------
        is equipped with DOS 6.0 (or better) and you anticipate using DWTP Advisor fairly frequently, this may be the
        best option.

•       If you have cay version of DOS up to DOS 5, the CONFIG.SYS menu feature is not available. Instead, DOS batch
        files can be used to access either DWTP or your current versions of CONFIG. SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT in order
        to boot your system for running DWTP or other applications. This approach is detailed in Section 1.2.2.2. Working
        template files are provided to assist you in implementing this configuration swapping scheme.

•       If you arefamiliarwith configuring RAM for a PC system, you may be able to free enough memory in your current
        configuration by modifying your usage of terminate-stay-resident software. This approach is beyond the scope of
        this manual, but is noted here for completeness. If you currently have nearly 550 kilobytes of free conventional
        memory, you may end up with one configuration that satisfies your current DOS applications and DWTP, thus
        avoiding having a menu to respond to every time you restart your system, or having to swap configuration files.

The CONFIG.SYS template files provided for the first two approaches assume that you can use EMM386 as a memory
manager. AT and 286 class machines can not utilize EMM386. If you are using such a machine, edit the CONFIG.SYS
files to remove the EMM386 command.
1.2.2.1
Using a Multiple Configuration for Systems Equipped with DOS 6.0 (or Better)
If your PC is equipped with DOS 6.0 (or better), you can take advantage of the multiple configuration feature, which allows
you to define one configuration for DWTP and another (or several) for other DOS applications that you use. You will have
to edit your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files in order to implement a multiple configuration for your system. After
you install DWTP, you will find CONFIG.D6 and AUTOEXEC.D6 files in the DWTP directory. These are provided as
templates to assist you. The contents of these files are shown and explained below.

Please note that you will find a full discussion of multiple configuration commands and syntax in your DOS manual and also
in the oo-line DOS help available via the "HELP" command in DOS. The contents of CONFIG.D6 are as follows:

        CONFIG.D6:	

                [menu]
               menuitem=DWTP, DWTP Configuration
               menuitem=Standard, Your Standard Configuration
               menucolor=15,l
               menudefault=Standard,20

                [Common]

                PWTP]
                STACKS=9,256
               files=100
               BUFFERS=41
               DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /V
               DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM /VERBOSE
               DOS=high,umb

                [Standard]

        End CONFIG.D6

-------
The. [menu] item indicates that the definition of a configuration menu follows. The menuitem entries specify the internal
name (DWTP and Standard) and the menu item text displayed on the screen (DWTP Configuration and Your Standard
Configuration). Menucolor defines the foreground and background colors for the menu, using the standard DOS color index
codes. Menudefault indicates that the Standard option is the default value, and will be highlighted when the menu is
displayed. If 20 seconds elapses without any action by the user, the Standard configuration will be activated.

The [Common] block includes any CONFIG.SYS commands that apply to both the DWTP and the Standard configurations.

The [DWTP] block includes any CONFIG.SYS commands that are only appropriate for the DWTP configuration. The
commands suggested in CONFIG.D6 may be used, since HIMEM.SYS and EMM386.EXE  are standard DOS memory
drivers. Upper memory cannot generally be utilized by DOS applications unless memory managers are loaded. HTMEM.S YS
is an extended memory manager, and EMM386.EXE provides access to upper memory and uses extended memory to
simulate  expanded  memory.  The  DOS-high,umb  command  loads  portions  of the operating  system  shell
(COMMAND.COM) into upper memory in order to maximize free conventional memory. These drivers and commands are
detailed in the DOS manual and in DOS on-line help (via the HELP command). If you are familiar with these memory drivers
(or another memory manager such as Quarterdeck's QEMM), you may wish to modify or substitute commands in the DWTP
block. There are many configurations that will provide 550 kilobytes of free conventional memory.

The [Standard] block includes commands that are appropriate for your standard configuration. No commands are shown
in CONFIG.D6 because you must supply commands from your current CONFIG.SYS file in order to setup your standard
configuration. Note that commands that are found to be common to both DWTP  and the standard configuration may be
moved to the [common] block.

The contents of AUTOEXEC.D6 are shown below:

        AUTOEXEC.D6;	
        @echo off

        rem    Place commands that should execute for both the DWTP configuration
        rem    and your standard configuration in this first block:

        rem    command 1
        rem    command 2
        rem    command...
        rem    command...
        rem    command N

        rem    Smartdrive makes swapping memory to disk faster:
               loadhigh C:\WINDO WS\SMARTDRV.EXE

        rem    Now we jump to commands specific to the DWTP configuration or to your
        rem    standard configuration:

               goto  %config%

        :DWTP

        rem    Call DWTP from within the dir to which it is installed.
        rem
        rem    When user exits DWTP, control returns to line following
        rem    "call DWTP". You may choose to reboot your system upon
        rem    return, in order to access the CONFIG.SYS menu and select

-------
       rem     the standard configuration:

               cd \DWTP
               callDWTR
               els
       echo
       echo    The D WTP session has ended.
       echo
       echo    Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to restart your computer if you
       echo    wish to return to your standard system configuration.
       echo    Otherwise, press any key to return to DOS.
       echo
       echo    If you return to DOS, applications and commands that
       echo    normally run under your standard configuration might
       echo    not run under the DWTP configuration, which will
       echo    remain in effect until you reboot your system and
       echo    select your standard configuration from the CONFIG. SYS
       echo    menu.
       echo
               pause
               goto end

       rStandard

       rem    Place your standard-configuration AUTOEXEC.BAT commands here:
       rem    command 1
       rem    command 2
       rem    command...
       rem    command...
       "rem    command N
               goto end

       :end		
       EndAUTOEXEC.D6

AUTOEXEC commands that are appropriate for both DWTP and the standard configuration should occur in the first block
of commands. (The remark statements (REM) are comments, and indicate where the first block of commands begins).
Commands that define your environment but do not consume conventional memory may be placed here, such as the
PROMPT command or the PATH command. If you have terminate-stay-resident modules that you would like to have
available when you are running DWTP, you may be able to use them if you find that you still have at least 550 kilobytes of
free conventional memory available after they are loaded. You should try to load any such modules in high memory
(expanded or extended memory) using the LO ADfflGH (or LH) command (see your DOS manual or online help), or using
other commands appropriate to the memory managers) you are using. You might wish to get your multiple configuration
working without loading any TSRs for the DWTP configuration initially, so that you can begin experimenting from a working
startingpoint The DOS disk caching utility SMARTDRV is loaded in the AUTOEXEC.D6 example, in order to improve
system performance. Note that SMARTDRV does consume RAM (unlike the PROMPT command for example), but since
SMARTDRV is loaded in high memory with the LOADHIGH command, the impact on available conventional memory is
minimized.

The goto  %conjlg% command will send control to the DWTP or the Standard block according to which menu item name
matches the selection made in the CONFIG.SYS menu.

-------
The :DWTP label is followed by commands that execute under the D WTP configuration. AUTOEXEC.D6 has been set up
to call DWTP, so that the system will boot up and run D WTP immediately. The CALL command is used so that control will
return to this AUTOEXEC file after the user exits DWTP. In AUTOEXEC.D6, the echo command is used to display
information to guide the DWTP user in deciding whether or not to reboot the computer in order to access the CONFIG.SYS
menu so that the Standard configuration may be activated. The approach shown in AUTOEXEC.D6 is optional; the
important thing is that nothing unnecessary is loaded into conventional memory so that at least 550 kilobytes are available
to DWTP. The goto end command transfers control over the .-Standard block, so that commands specific to the standard
configuration are not evaluated.

The .-Standard label marks the block of commands that should be executed if the standard configuration has been activated.
No actual commands (other than loadhigh C:\WINDOWS\SMARTDRV.EXE) are included in AUTOEXEC.D6, since you
must supply the commands here from your current AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
1.2.2.2
               Using DOS Batch Files to Swap Configurations
This approach involves swapping two versions of the configuration files CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT, in order
to boot your system to support DWTP or alternatively boot your system using your current CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT configurations. Several files are provided in the DWTP directory to assist you with this approach. The
content of each is included below, followed by instructions for using the file or modifying it for you own custom use. Please
read this entire discussion before modifying your PC configuration.

The first very important step is to make copies of your current CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files, to provide the
standard configuration files to restore after a DWTP session. The DOS batch file STDFILES.BAT, shown below, has been
provided for your convenience:

       STDFBLES.BAT	
       rem
       rem
       rem
       rem
       rem
       rem
       rem
               Copy the current CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files to the DWTP directory
               so that they may be copied back to the root directory CONFIG.SYS and
               AUTOEXEC.BAT files when a DWTP session ends, and the standard configuration
               is being reinstated.

               Note that the commands below assume that your PC boots from the C: drive's root
               directory.

               copy C:\CONFIG.SYS   CONFIG.STD
               copy C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT AUTOEXEC.STD

       End STDFILES.BAT

From the DWTP directory, run STDFILES.BAT to copy your current CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files to
CONFIG.STD and AUTOEXEC.STD in the DWTP directory. If your PC is configured to boot up from another drive, such
as D:, you must the DOS EDIT command to edit STDFILES.BAT, and replace the "C:" source drive in the copy commands.

IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO MAKE COPIES OF YOUR ORIGINAL CONFIG.SYS AND AUTOEXEC.BAT
FILES BEFORE STARTING THIS PROCEDURE! After running STDFILES.BAT, make sure that the CONFIG.STD
and AUTOEXEC.STD files are indeed copied into the DWTP directory. You may wish to make another copy of these files
using a different file extension (e.g.,. SAV).

-------
After backing up your current configuration files, the DOS batch file DWTPBOOT.BAT, located in the DWTP directory,
will copy the DWTP configuration files required for running DWTP (CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW) to the boot
directory, restart your computer, and then run DWTP. Details of DWTPBOOT.BAT are as follows:

        DWTPBOOT.BAT	
        @echo off
        rem

        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        echo
        rem
        rem

        echo
        echo
        echo
        rem
Inform, then ask user to confirm:
CLS

DWTPBOOT.BAT:

This batch file can be used to configure your system in order to insure that
there is sufficient conventional memory for running DWTP. This is done by
temporarily replacing your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files with DWTP
versions (CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW). If you continue, your machine will
be rebooted, and the CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW files will insure sufficient
memory for DWTP Advisor, which will be run automatically after rebooting.

When you complete the DWTP session, and exit the program, your original
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT'files will be reinstated, and your system will
be rebooted again, in order to return it to its normal state.

Note that if you do not exit from DWTP normally (if you turn the power off,
have a power outage, or if DWTP crashes), your original CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT files will not be reinstated, and your system will again boot
directly into DWTP. If this occurs, exit DWTP again to reinstate your original
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files and restart your computer.

pause
els

copy the DWTP config files into place:
copy CONFIG.DW   C:\CONFIG.SYS
copyAUTOEXEC-DW  C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT

Inform:
CLS

About to reboot your system for DWTP memory configuration.

pause

Reboot, the AUTOEXEC.DW file will enter DWTP:
reBoot
        End DWTPBOOT.BAT

-------
DWTPBOOT includes text to remind you what is happening behind the scenes. When D WTPBOOT restarts your computer
using REBOOT,  CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW are in place in the boot directory as CONFIG.SYS  and
AUTOEXEC.BAT. Recall that AUTOEXEC.DW launches DWTP Advisor, as shown above.
                                                                                       f
DWTP configuration files CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW are provided for you and shown below:

        CONTIG.DW	

               DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /V
               DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM /VERBOSE
               DOS=high,umb
               STACKS=9,256
               files=100
               BUFFERS=41

        End CONFIG.DW

The contents of CONFIG.DW provide one suggested configuration that will insure that sufficient conventional memory is
available to DWTP Advisor. HIMEM.S YS is an extended memory manager, and EMM386.EXE provides access to upper
memory and uses extended memory to simulate expanded memory. The DOS=high,umb command loads portions of the
operating system shell (COMMAND.COM) into upper memory in order to maximize free conventional memory. These
drivers and commands are detailed in the DOS manual and in DOS on-line help (via the HELP command). If you are familiar
with these memory drivers (or another memory manager such as Quarterdeck's QEMM), you may wish to modify or
substitute commands in the DWTP block. There are many configurations that will provide sufficient free conventional
memory.

        AUTOEXEC.DW
        @echo off

        rem
       rem
Smartdrive makes swapping memory to disk faster
loadhigh C:\WINDOWS\SMARTDRV.EXE

Call DWTP from within the dir to which it is installed.
cd c:\dwtp
Call dwtp
       rem
       rem
       rem
       rem
We now want to replace the original CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files,
but we can't do this.from here, since this is the AUTOEXEC file!
Therefore, chain to another batch file to do the deed:

c:\dwtp\normboot
       EndAUTOEXECDW

The DOS disk caching utility SMARTDRV is loaded in the AUTOEXEC.DW file in order to improve system performance.
Note that SMARTDRV does consume RAM (unlike the PROMPT command for example), but since SMARTDRV is loaded
in high memory with the LOADHIGH command, the amount of available conventional memory is not impacted (or impact
is minimized).

-------
After loading SMARTDRV AUTOEXEC.DW invokes DWTP Advisor. The CALL statement is used so that control will
return to AUTOEXECDW after the DWTP session ends. When control returns, NORMBOOT.BAT, located in the DWTP
directory, is invoked to restore your standard configuration and restart your machine.

Note that AUTOEXEC.DW assumes that you have installed DWTP to the C:\DWTP directory. Use the DOS EDIT
command to alter this path if you have installed DWTP to another location.

Finally, when the DWTP session ends, AUTOEXEC.DW regains control but passes control on to NORMBOOT.BAT, to
restore'your standard configuration. The contents of NORMBOOT.BAT follow:

        NORMBOOT.BAT		
        @echo off
        rem
        rem
Replace original config.sys and autoexec.bat:
copy C:\DWTP\CONFIG.STD    C:\CONFIG.SYS
copy C:\DWTP\AUTOEXEC.STD C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT

Inform:
CLS
        echo
        echo    About to reboot your system to restore your standard configuration.
        echo
                pause

        rem    Reboot to reconfigure:
                ReBoot
        End NORMBOOT.BAT

 NORMBOOT BAT copies your original CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files back into place in the C:\ directory.
 Recall that CONFIG STD and AUTOEXEC.STD were set up above to hold copies of your standard configuration files. The
 ECHO command then informs you that the system will be rebooted, and the REBOOT command restarts your computer.

 Again, note that NORMBOOT.BAT assumes thatyouhave installed DWTP to the C:\DWTP directory, and tot you boot
 your system from the C:\ directory. If necessary, use the DOS EDIT command to alter these paths in NORMBOOT.BAT.

 This may all seem complicated, however all that is required is to run STDFILES.BAT which will make backup copies of
 your standard config.sys and autoexec.bat files (you may want to make additional copies yourself to ensure your current
 configuration is safely stored) and then run DWTPBOOT from the DWTP directory whenever you wish to run DWTP
 Advisor. When you exit the DWTP Advisor session, your standard configuration files are copied back into place and your
 system is rebooted.
 1.2.3  Software Specifications

 The DWTP Advisor has been developed using several commercially available software tools. The system interface was
 developed using Turbo Pascal 6. The -reasoning1 or evaluating portion of the system uses the expert system shell 1ST Class.
 The system also consists of data files in dBaselV (.dbf, .dbt) format.
                                                  10

-------
1.2.4   Contents of the System

The DWTP Advisor package includes one double-sided, high density disk and this User Documentation.

                                   i
1.2.5   Conventions Used in this User Documentation

This User Documentation provides a concise and easy to understand description of the DWTP Advisor and its operation.
Be sure to read the instructions on each screen while running the system, in addition to the information contained in this
guide. Please note the following conventions used in this manual:

         1)      All user input appears in boldface.

        2)      Boldface items in <> brackets are inputs that require a single keystroke, e.g.,  indicates the key
                marked Enter (or Return on some computers).

        3)      In most cases, it is necessary to press the  key after typing an answer or command.  This
                document will either specifically instruct you to type your answer and press , or will simply
                instruct you to 'enter' your answer. When the manual specifies that an answer should be 'entered', type
                the information and then press the  key.

        4)      This User Documentation will represent the DOS prompt as O or C:\DWTP> to specify the DWTP
                directory. You should be aware that your DOS prompt may look slightly different, such as C:\> or O>.

        5)      This User Documentation will often refer to the position of the cursor on the screen. On most screens,
                the cursor is a white highlight bar.  The cursor may also be a small blinking line or box. The blinking
                cursor and the highlight bar indicate which question or list item on the screen is currently active or
                selected.
                                                    11

-------

-------
                                           CHAPTER!
                                      GETTING STARTED
2.0  INTRODUCTION

The following sections present instructions for installing and getting started using the DWTP Advisor.
2.1  INSTALLING THE DWTP ADVISOR
2.1.1  Making a Backup Copy

Make a backup copy of the DWTP Advisor system diskettes prior to installation.  For information on how to copy a
diskette using the DISKCOPY, COPY or XCOPY commands, see the MS-DOS manual that came with your
computer. Store the backup disks in a safe place.


2.1.2  Installation Procedures

Before DWTP can be installed on a personal computer system, the system must be properly configured. See Section
1.2.1, for a list of the necessary system components. If all of the components are available, you are ready to install
the DWTP Advisor system.

1.      Place the DWTP system disk in the appropriate disk drive (A: or B:).

2.      At the C:\ prompt, type in the disk drive name (A: or B:) and then press < Enter >.

3.      At the disk drive prompt (A: or B:), type "install" and press < Enter >.

4.      You will be guided through two screens of introductory information about the developers of DWTP and the
        installation procedure.

5.      The following prompt will appear, "Which drive would you like to install DWTP Advisor onto?"  Press
        < Enter > to select the default directory (C:\), or use the cursor keys to select another drive and then press
        .

6.      The following prompt will appear, "Which directory would you like to install DWTP Advisor to?:" It is
        followed by the "hard driveVDWTP" default directory. To accept the default "DWTP" directory name,
        press < Enter >.  To assign the directory a name of your own, press the Backspace key until "DWTP" is
        deleted, type it in, and then press < Enter >.

7.      When the installation program finishes copying the desired directory name onto the hard drive, you are
        ready to run DWTP.

NOTE:  For safekeeping, you should make a backup copy of the DWTP diskette prior to installation.
                                                13

-------
2.2  STARTING THE SYSTEM

If you have just installed the DWTP Advisor, you will already be in the C:\DWTP directoiy.  If you have been using
another program or just turned on the machine, follow these procedures to move to that directory.  If the screen
shows A >, B>, or any drive other than C>, type C: and press . If the screen now shows C:\DWTP >,
you are in the correct directory.  If not, type CD C:\DWTP and press .

Once you are in the correct directory, type DWTP and press .  Once started, the DWTP Advisor will first
display an Introduction Screen which identifies the runtime version and offers you the option of reading the
disclaimer.  Press   to continue.


2.3  WINDOWS, MENUS, AND FUNCTION KEYS

The DWTP Advisor makes use of windows, menus, and function keys to facilitate data entry. This section explains
what they are and how they are used.  These terms will be referred to in subsequent sections of this User
Documentation.


2.3.1  Windows

Windows in the DWTP Advisor are panels or subsections of the screen that contain a menu or text. They often
appear layered on top of an underlying image. The standard DWTP Advisor Data Entry Form screen is divided into
several windows.  Windows may appear automatically or when an assigned key is pressed. The latter is called a
'pop-up' window.  For example, pressing   while entering data into a Data Entry Form produces a 'pop-up'
window containing a menu of possible answers to the current question. See Section 2.3.3  Command Line for more
information about using function keys.  You can escape from or quit a window and return  to the previous screen at
any time by pressing .


2.3.2  Menus

A menu is a list of choices that appears within a window. Menus are used throughout the DWTP Advisor to select
program and answer options. Like windows, some menus appear automatically and some are called by pressing a
function key. The Main Menu of choices mentioned earlier is an example of a menu  that appears automatically after
the Introduction Screen. The menu that appears when the  key is pressed is an example of a menu activated
by pressing an assigned key.

Menu selections are made by using the arrow keys to highlight the desired choice and pressing  to execute
that command or option. You can escape from or quit a menu and return to the previous screen without making a
selection by pressing .
                                                  14

-------
 2.3.3   Command Line

 The command line appears at the bottom of each screen (except the Main Menu). This line lists the available
 function keys and the commands that they execute. A complete list of the active DWTP Advisor function keys and
 descriptions of their assigned commands are included in the following chapters according to the type of screen
 on which they appear.

 2.4  THE MAIN MENU

 The DWTP Advisor Main Menu includes a three-item menu in the lower right corner of the screen (see Figure 2-1).
 The options on the Main Menu are:
                                              DWTP Expert  vl.O
                    To START a new session, select START NEW SESSION

                    To LOAD data from a previous session, select LOAD SAVED DATA

                    To CONTINUE with existing session, select CONTINUE
                    Select the appropriate action
                                                                   START New Session
                                                                    LOAD Saved Data
                                                                       CONTINUE
                                      Figure 2-1
        •       Start New Session-Once selected, this option clears all currently loaded data and begins a new
                consultation.

        •       Load Saved Data - When you select Load Saved Data, the system displays a list of the previously
                saved  data files that can be selected and loaded for editing and/or reanalysis.  If you select a
                file from this list, all currently loaded data will be replace by the data in the newly selected file.
                As described earlier, however, you can press  from this list and return to the Main Menu
                without changing the currently loaded data.

        •       Continue - This option takes you directly to the first data entry screen, preserving the existing
                data set. This feature allows you to return to the beginning of the program to review and edit
                the data/equence that has just been input.

•Upon the selection of  any  of these options (and the selection of an existing data file if Load Saved Data was
chosen), the DWTP Configuration Screen (see Figure 2-2) will appear and you are ready to start entering data.
If you press  while at the Main Menu, you will be asked to press  to exit the system, or any other
key to continue.
                                                 15

-------
2.5  THE CONFIGURATION SCREEN
STARTUP SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANT—PLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA:
FLOCCULATION 1 SEDIMENTATION

Performance Potential Graph
0.0% , PIF = O.OOmgd
FLOG :
0.0% :
SEP :
0.0% :
FILT :
0.0% :
DISNF :

FILTRATI01*

RAW DATA

! DISINFECT

'ION
PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL GRAPH
COMPARES THE EXPECTED FLOW
TREATABLE BY EXISTING MAJOR
UNIT PROCESS FACILITIES AGAINST
THE CURRENT PEAK FLOW

ESC: LOAD F1:HELP F2:SAVE F5: ANALYSIS F6: REPORT F7

QUIT F9 : PLF DATA

ENTRY
                                     Figure 2-2

The Configuration Screen depicts the plants treatment train. The cursor can be moved to any of six boxes which
represent the major categories of plant information required to perform a Major Unit Process evaluation. Data
entry screens are accessed by pressing  when positioned on one of the boxes. Function keys allow you
to perform one or several Major Unit Process evaluations, produce a Major Unit Process report, or proceed to the
Performance Limiting Factor analysis.

The Performance Potential Graph, displayed in the lower left corner, presents the rated capacity of the major unit
processes in relation to the plants peak instantaneous flow. When data are changed in the data entry screens,
the Performance Potential Graph removes any results that are dependent upon the changed data. Performing
a new Major Unit Process evaluation for a unit process will produce new values. Each operation performed at
the Configuration Screen is explained in detail in Section 3.1.


2.6  DATA ENTRY FORMS

After a Major Unit Process has been selected from the DWTP Configuration Screen, a Data Entry Form appears.
They use menus and windows to present questions that you will answer either with a numeric value or a selection
from a multiple choice list. Each Data Entry Form will either request information about a component of the
surface water treatment plant or a category of performance-limiting factors, depending on where in the system
you are working.

A Data Entry Form consists of several windows (see Figure 2-3) that are designed to facilitate easy, efficient data
entry and editing. The name of the process or PLF category for which data is being requested is always displayed
in the header at the top of the screen. The statements or questions describing the information requested  appear
in a column on the left side of the screen.  The data is entered into corresponding data cells in a column on the
right side of the screen. Below these two columns, windows running the length of the screen display the possible
valid answers and additional ins'tructions for answering the current question. (Remember, the position of the
highlight bar indicates which question is current.) The very bottom of the screen  contains the command line
which lists the active function keys and the commands that they execute.

Data is entered either by typing an answer in the spaces provided in the right-hand column or by making a
selection from a response menu. Pressing  brings  up the response menu in the bottom right-hand corner
                                                 16

-------
        of the screen.  When there are more data requested than will fit on a single screen, a small arrow pointing down
        appears in the bottom data cell indicating that more questions remain to be scrolled onto the screen. This arrow
        moves to the top of the screen and points up when you have scrolled to subsequent screens. Use the arrow keys
        and the  and  keys to scroll through the data entry screens.

        The Data Entry Forms in the DW'l'P Advisor are dynamic, that is, the questions that they present change as you
        provide information. For example, you may be asked whether you want to specify a basin size by volume
        (gallons) or by dimension. Depending on how you answer, the system will either ask you to provide the volume
        or the dimensions, not both. In this way, you will only be asked to provide the minimum amount of data needed
        for the system to perform its analyses. Appendix A presents you with all the questions that the system could ask.
        You will not have to answer them all.
         SCREEN HEADER
   QUESTION LIST WINDOW
         BOUNDS WINDOW
EXPANDED QUESTION WINDOW
    COMMAND LINE WINDOW
GENERAL PLANT DATA
Name of Plant
Name of Evaluator
Population Served
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
Settled Water Turbidity (Historical)
Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
Validity of 12-month Historical Data
Special Studies Turbidity Profile (NTU)
Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Validity of the Special Studies


RESPONSE WINDOW









Upper Bound: 10000000
Lower Bound: 1
What population does the plant serve?
F1:HELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO CONFIG. SCRN. F8:CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC:ABORT
                                             Figure 2-3

       2.6.1  Data Entry Form Windows

       The function of each window mentioned above is described below.

       Screen Header

       The Screen Header appears at the top of the screen and states the name of the unit process or PLF category for
       which data is currently being requested.

       Question List Window

       The Question List Window appears in the upper left part of the screen and lists abbreviated questions describing
       the data being requested.

       Response Window

       The Response Window appears in the upper right part of the screen and provides data input cells for entering
       answers to the questions in the Question List Window.

       Bounds Window

       The Bounds Window appears across the screen below the Question List and Response Windows and provides the
       data limits (numeric boundaries) or the possible answers to the currently highlighted question. Numeric answers
                                                       17

-------
that fall outside the range specified in the Bounds Window are not accepted by the system.

           uestion Window
The Expanded Question Window appears across the bottom of the screen and gives an expanded form of die
currently highlighted question.

nomrnnnd Line

The Command Line appears at the very bottom of the screen and lists the active function keys and commands
that they execute.

2.6.2  Data Entry Form Command Line

The following function keys are listed in the Command Line of all Data Entry Forms.

        •      Fl: HELP- Displays additional information or expanded instructions for answering the current
               question. If the help text does not fit in a single window, you will be instructed to use the
                and  keys to scroll through the information.

        •      F5: EXIT - Exits the current Data Entry Form and returns you to the previous screen. All
               information entered in the form is saved.

        •      F8: CLEAR FIELD - Clears the existing response in the currently active data entry cell and
               positions the cursor at the beginning of that blank so that a new answer can be entered.

        •      FW: MENU- Brings up a window in the bottom right corner of the screen which contains either
               a multiple choice Response Menu or numeric bounds for numeric input.  If a menu appears,
               you may make a selection from that menu. If bounds appear, numeric answers that fall outside
               of those bounds will not be accepted by the system.

        >      Esc: ABORT- Exits the current window or menu, returning you to the previous screen. NOTE:
               If you press  to exit from within a Data Entry Form, all of the data input since you
               last entered that Data Entry Form will be lost.


 2.7  SINGLE ANSWER FORMAT

 Certain critical information is necessary for the DW'l'P Advisor to complete successful evaluations. If any of this
 critical data is not included in a Data Entry Form, the system will present this question individually during an
 analysis using a Single Answer Format screen. Only one question will appear on the screen at a time in Single
 Answer Format. Answer these questions by either selecting an answer from the list provided or type an answer
 in the space provided and press .

 Single Answer Format screens use two methods of providing help for answering the current question.  In some
 cases, the option Explain Further appears in the list of possible answers. If you select this option, you will be
 presented with further instructions for answering that question. In other cases, you will notice that one or more
 words or phrases within the question are displayed in a different color. Pressing  when one of these words
 or phrases is highlighted will bring up either a definition of that item, or additional questions that elaborates on
 that  aspect of the question. This type of help is referred to as hypertext. To answer questions that contain
 hypertext, use the arrow keys to move the highlight bar from the differently colored words in the question to the
 list of answers and make your selection.
                                                18

-------
                                        CHAPTER 3
                        MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATION
3.0  INTRODUCTION

As stated earlier in this User Documentation, the DWTP Advisor is divided into two major components:  Major
Unit Process Evaluation and Performance-Limiting Factors.  Before Performance-Limiting Factors can be
determined, the facility's major unit processes must be evaluated. Therefore, this is the point at which you enter
the system after making a selection from the Main Menu. This component of the system allows you to enter data,
perform analyses, and generate reports on the major unit processes.


3.1  THE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT CONFIGURATION SCREEN

The DWTP Configuration Screen (see  Figure 3-1) is the main screen in the Major Unit Process Evaluation
component of the system. This screen graphically displays the major unit processes and facility components  and
contains the Performance Potential. Graph. This screen is also used to control the order of data entry and initiate
process evaluations.  If you press  from this screen, you will return to the main system menu.
STARTUP SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANT—PLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA RAW DATA
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA:
FLOCCULATION SEDIMENTATION

Performance Potential Graph
0.0% PIF = O.OOmgd
FLOG
0.0%
SEP
0.0%
FILT
0.0%
DISNF

FILTRATION DISINFECT

'ION
PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL GRAPH
COMPARES THE EXPECTED FLOW
TREATABLE BY EXISTING MAJOR
UNIT PROCESS FACILITIES AGAINST
THE CURRENT PEAK FLOW
ESC: LOAD Fl : HELP F2:SAVE F5 ANALYSIS F6: REPORT F7:QUIT F9:PLF DATA
ENTRY
                                    Figure 3-1
3.1.1   Performance Potential Graph

The bottom left of the Drinking "Water Treatment Plant Configuration Screen displays the Performance Potential
Graph for the site. This graph displays the ability of each unit process to meet peak instantaneous flow (PIF)
demand. The graph is generated as you perform the analyses of each process. You can change the PIF number
very simply in the Data Entry Form for General Plant Data.  As you do so, the DWTP Advisor will automatically
adjust the percentages of PIF that can be met by each major unit process that has been evaluated up to that
point. In this way, you can quickly view the plant's capacity to meet different demands.
3.1.2  DWTP Configuration Screen Command Line
                                               19

-------
The following keys are displayed at the very bottom of the DWTF Configuration Screen and are active while this
screen 13 being displayed.

        •      Fl: HELP - Displays an expanded description or additional information about the current
               question or display on the screen.

        •      f2:SAVE- Calls the Save Configuration Function window. This window asks you to provide a
               name (up to 8 characters long) under which the data for the current plant configuration will be
               saved.  The file extension  .SAV is assumed.  It  is recommended  that you give this file a
               meaningful file name so that you can recognize it later.  One suggestion is to use the first 3
               characters of the facility name and the current date, such as ABC09-25.SAV. After typing the
               name (and drive specification if needed) and pressing , the current data is saved in the
               specified file.

        •      F& DATA ANALYSIS- Calls the Analysis Menu which presents you with the choice of evaluating
               the following:


               Flocculation

               Sedimentation

               Filtration

               Disinfection

               Selections are made by using the arrow keys to highlight the desired item and pressing .
               This causes a * to appear to the left of that item. Any or all of the items can be selected. When
               this process is completed, press  again to initiate the analysis.  Pressing  exits the
               Analysis Menu  without doing any analyses.

        •      F6: REPORT- Generates a report containing the results of all the analysis performed during the
               current session. You will be given the option of saving this report as described in Section 3.4.


        •      F7: QUIT- Calls the Exit  Program window which presents the following menu:

               Save current data & exit system

               Exit system, without saving data
               Don't exit; Return to main screen

        •      F9: PLFDATA ENTRY- Calls the Data Entry Form of the currently active (highlighted) unit.
               Only one  form  can be open at a time.


3.2  MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATIONS

A Major Unit Process Evaluation assesses the potential of the plant's major unit processes to achieve desired
performance levels.  The process evaluations can be done in any order from the DWTF Configuration screen
using the  key as described earlier.  You must, of course, enter data for a process before performing its
evaluation. The system attempts to conduct each assessment using the information contained  in the Data Entry
Forms for the current unit process.  Additional questions are asked during the evaluation as  needed.

As the evaluations proceed, you may be notified of intermediate conclusions drawn by the system. When a major
unit process evaluation has been  completed, a report of the results is automatically created. See Section 3.4 for
                                                 20

-------
more details on generating reports.

Flocculation Basin Evaluation

The goal of the flocculation process is to produce a floe that will settle in the sedimentation basin and/or be
removed by the filters.  Flocculation evaluation is based on hydraulic  detention time, minimum water
temperature, and the number of stages.  Not all plants have a discrete flocculation process. In cases where
flocculation and sedimentation are performed in the same basin, the portion of that basin used for flocculation
should be entered in the flocculation data entry screen as though it were a separate basin. The DWTP Advisor
will model hydraulic or mechanical flocculation basins.  e

Sedimentation Basin Evaluation

The sedimentation basin capacity is based primarily on surface water overflow rate, with consideration given for
depth and plant performance.  The DWTP Advisor accounts for multiple basins, the possibility of parallel or
serial piping between those basins, the possibility that the plant is operating in turbidity mode, sedimentation
mode, or a combination of both over the course of the year.

Filtration Evaluation

The DWTP Advisor can model pressure- and gravity-fed filters with the following types of media: Mono Media
(Sand Filter), Mixed/Dual Media (Sand and Anthracite or Garnet, Sand, and Anthracite), and Deep Bed.

Disinfection Evaluation

The  DWTP Advisor models both pre- and post-disinfection processes.  Chlorine,  Chlorine  Dioxide, and
Chloramine are the disinfectants covered.

3.3   DATA ENTRY

Data entry is controlled from the Drinking Water Treatment Plant Configuration Screen.  Use the arrow keys to
select (highlight) the PLANT DATA, RAWATER SOURCE, or one of the major unit processes. Press 
to  bring   up   the  Data  Entry  Form  for  the   currently   highlighted   process.    Figure   3-2
GENERAL PLANT DATA
Name of Plant
Name of Evaluator
Population Served
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
Settled Water Turbidity '(Historical)
Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
Validity of 12-month Historical Data
Special Studies Turbidity Profile (NTU)
Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Validity of the Special Studies
Mill Creek Plant

1260
^5
§
Not Recorded
GT or Eoual to 95%
Data Inaccyra,t;e
^4
Not Recorded
Accurate

Upper Bound: 10000000
Lower Bound : 1
What population does the plant serve?
Fl: HELP F5: KEEP DATA & GO TO CONFIG. SCRN. F8 : CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC ABORT
                                   Figure 3-2
3.4   REPORT GENERATION
                                                21

-------
As mentioned earlier, when a major unit process evaluation has been completed, a report of the results is
automatically created. You will be given the following options.

                  Press  to add notes to the end of the report for that unit process. Your notes will
                       be saved with the report. When you are done entering your comments, press  to
                       return to this menu.

                  Press  to view the report for the current unit process on the screen. When you are
                       done reviewing the report, press  to return to this menu.

               Press  to return to the Drinking Water Treatment Plant Configuration screen.


A report containing all the major unit process evaluations that have been generated for the current facility can
also be created from the Drinking Water Treatment Plant Configuration Screen by pressing  as mentioned
5n Section 3.1.2.  You will be asked to provide a name for this file.  Once again, you  should give the file a
meaningful file name so that you can recognize it later. The extension .REP is assumed. A recommended format
is the first 3 characters of the faciliiy name and the current date, such as ABC09-25.REP. When the file has been
saved, you will be asked if you want to send the report to the screen, to the printer, to both, or if you want to
cancel the operation. When this is completed, you will be given the options:

           Press  to review the file on the screen.

           Press  to delete the report file from your hard disk.

A sample DWTP Advisor report is contained in Appendix B.
                                                 22

-------
                                        CHAPTER 4
                         PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS
4.0  INTRODUCTION

As described earlier, the other major component of the DW'l'P Advisor is that which determines performance-
limiting factors (PLFs) for the facility.  Because data about the major unit processes are needed before
performance-limiting factors can be determined, this component is accessed from the Drinking "Water Treatment
Plant Configuration Screen. Press  to select this option and move on to this portion of the system.


4.1  THE PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS SCREEN

The Performance-Limiting Factors Screen has a format similar to that of the Drinking Water Treatment Plant
Configuration Screen (see Figure 4-1).  Across the top of the screen, the categories of PLFs are shown graphically.
These categories are: Administration, Design, Operation, and Maintenance. In addition, two subcategories are
shown.    The  bottom  portion  of the  screen is   reserved  for 'listing the  PLFs   as  they  are
identified.
 SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANT- -PERFORMANCE FACTOR INFO
FACTOR DATA BY PERFORMANCE FACTOR TYPE:
ADMINISTRATIVE DESIGN
OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE

DESIGN:
CHEMICAL ADDIT.
OPERATIONAL:
PROCESS CONTROL

Performance Limiting Factors
A Factors:
Disinfection
B Factors:
Application of Concepts and Testing
C Factors:
Return Process Streams



Fl: HELP F2: SAVE F5 : ANALYSIS F6 : REPORT F7 : QUIT F9 : MUP DATA ENTRY
                                   Figure 4-1
4.1.1  Listing of PLFs
PLFs are listed on the bottom half of the Performance-Limiting Factors Screen as they are identified. They will
be listed in a table with the following columns.

        •      PLF Rating - Type A, B, or C

        •      PLF Category -  Administration, Design, Operational, or Maintenance

        •      Factor Name - e.g., Testing - Process Control Testing

        •      Comments
                                              23

-------
4.1.2   Performance-Limiting Factors Screen Command Line

The Performance-Limiting Factors Screen also has its own command line with the following choices.

        •      Fi: HELP -Pressing  displays an expanded description or additional information about
               the current question or display on the screen.
                       - Pressing  calls the Save Configuration Function window.  This window asks you
               to provide a name (up to 8 characters long) under which the data for the current plant
               configuration will be saved. The file extension .SAV is assumed.  It is recommended that you
               give this file a meaningful file name so that you can recognize it later. A good format is the first
               3 characters of the facility name and the current date, such as ABC09-25.SAV. After typing the
               name (and drive specification if needed) and pressing , the current data is saved in the
               specified file.

        •     F5: ANALYSIS- Pressing  calls the Analysis Menu which presents you with the option of
               analyzing data for performance-limiting factors.

        •     F6: REPORT- Pressing  generates output report for all data entered to this point.

        •     F7: QUIT- Calls the Exit Program window which presents the following menu:

                       Save current data & exit system
                       Exit system, without saving data
                       Don't exit; Return to main screen

        •     F9: MUP DATA ENTRY- Calls the major unit process portion of the system.


4.2  ANALYZING PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS

A factor should only be identified as a PLF if it impacts plant performance; an actual link between poor plant
performance and  the identified factor must exist.  After all PLFs are identified, they are prioritized in order of
their adverse effect on achievement as described in Section 1.1.3.

Administrative PLFs

The evaluation of administrative performance-limiting factors is a somewhat subjective effort, primarily based
on information from plant management and staff. It involves the evaluation of budgeting and financial planning
practices, as well as personnel motivation.

Design PLFs

Data gathered during a plant tour, review of plant drawings and specifications, and the completed evaluation
of major unit process capabilities, including the  performance potential graph, provide the basic information
needed to assess design-related performance-limiting factors. Often, to complete the evaluation, it  is necessary
to make field investigations of the various unit processes.
 Operational PLFs

 Operational factors are those that relate to the unit process control functions.  The approach and methods used
 in  maintaining process control can significantly affect performance of plants that have  adequate physical
 facilities. The heart of the operational factors assessment is the process control testing, data interpretation, and


                                                24

-------
process adjustment techniques utilized by the plant staff. The primary controls available to a water treatment
plant operator are flow rate; chemical selection and dosage; and filter backwash frequency, duration, and rate.
Other controls include flocculation energy input and sedimentation sludge removal.

Maintenance PLFs

Maintenance performance-limiting factors are evaluated throughout the CPE by data collection, observations,
and questions concerning reliability and service  requirements  of pieces of equipment critical to  plant
performance. If units are out of service routinely or for extended periods of time, maintenance practices may be
a significant contributing cause to a performance problem.


4.3  DATA ENTRY

The data required for the analyses of performance-limiting factors is entered in much the same fashion as it was
for the first portion of the system. Data entry is  controlled from the Performance-Limiting Factors Screen by
using the arrow keys to select a PLF category and pressing . Thte brings up the Data Entry Form for the
currently highlighted category.  Proceed to enter information about the category as described in Section 2.5.

4.4  REPORT GENERATION

A report containing all the evaluations that have been generated for the current facility can also be created from
the Drinking Water Performance Limiting Factor Screen by pressing  as mentioned in Section 3.1.2. You
will be asked to provide a name for this file.  Once again, you should give the file a meaningful file name so that
you can recognize it later. A recommended format is the first 3 characters of the facility name and the current
date, such as ABC09-25.REP. When the  file has been saved, you will be asked if you want to send the report to
the screen, to the printer, to both, or if you want  to cancel the operation. When this is completed, you will be
given the options:

           Press  to review the file on  the screen.

           Press  to delete the report file from your hard disk.

A sample DWTP Advisor session follows, and a sample final report is contained in Appendix B.
                                                25

-------

-------
                             DWTP ADVISOR SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM

EXIT
V
ESC
«• —
\n\-

\
	 *
INTOOOUCTOHY
SCREEN

MAIN
C=H=H=}
\
IS 	 [ 	
r
uew
&M
1
_J
{=}
/
C^
>V
r^^

UUP
OATABHTRY





nr
OATABnRY


D

F^

^T
jfjHl — II — II — 1
rHHn
^ 	 1 	 £
                                         Figure 5-1
5.0  A SAMPLE SESSION IN DWTP ADVISOR

        As you can see in Figure 5-1, the Dw If Advisor is divided into two sections, each with data
entry/evaluation options: one for Major Unit Processes and one for Performance Limiting Factors. This
design reflects a CPE's division between MUP and PLF evaluations. Major Unit Process (MUP) data entry
and evaluations are performed prior to and separate from the Performance Limiting Factors (PLF) for two
reasons:
        1. MUP evaluations produce information diat is required during the PLF evaluation; some PLFs
        need data from all the major unit processes.

        2. The entire process - entering MUP data, performing an evaluation on one or several of the unit
        processes and reviewing the MUP results in report form - can be repeated any number of times.
        Changes may be made in order to analyze 'what-if possibilities of unit process design. PLF
        evaluations need be performed only when and if you want them.


Moving Around in the DWTP Advisor

        A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation involves two major evaluations: the Major Unit Process
(MUP) evaluation and the Performance Limiting Factors (PLF) evaluation. Both require a significant
amount of information about the plant, unit processes, operations, administration and maintenance. The
information, or data, about the plant is entered into data entry screens which become available as you select
them from a screen depicting the configuration of the plant (see Figure 5-2).

        The following section takes the user through a full DWTP Advisor session, with step-by-step
instructions (in italics) along with explanations of each step. The input values for a complete session are
provided in a file called 'MILLCRK.SAV.1  A few items of information are requested by the Advisor
individually, and the appropriate replies are listed in this section. This should provide you with all the
information  required to run the Advisor, and obtain output reports. A sample final report for the sample
session is found in Appendix B.
                                               27

-------
Beginning a Sample Session


        M Begin the DWTP session by typing DWTP in the DffTP subdirectory

        MSelect RETURN to move past the Introductory Screen to the Main Menu



5.1 LOADING THE EXAMPLE FILE

        A saved file containing an example water treatment plant is provided with the DW'i'F Advisor. The
file, MILLCRK.SAV, can be loaded at the Main Menu screen by selecting LOAD SAVED DATA, and then
choosing the file 'MILLCRK.SAV from the menu of saved files.

        M Select LOAD SAVED DATA from the Main Menu

        A list of available saved files will appear.  Press the Down Arrow key until MILLGRK.SAV is
highlighted, then press .


                                                              \
5.2 MUP  DATA ENTRY

The Configuration Screen

        The Configuration Screen is where you perform operations - enter data, perform evaluations, print
reports and view results- of the Major Unit Process portion of the DW'l'P Advisor. The name of the current
file, MILLCRK, is displayed in the upper left corner.
MILLCRK SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANT—PLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA I
RAW DATA

SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA:
FLOCCULATION

Performance
0.0%
FLOC
0.0%
SEP
0.0%
FILT
0.0%
DISNF

ESC: LOAD F1:HELP
SEDIMENTATION

Potential Graph
PIF = O.OOmgd

FILTRATIOI*
1 DISINFECT
]ION
PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL GRAPH
COMPARES THE EXPECTED FLOW
TREATABLE BY EXISTING MAJOR
UNIT PROCESS FACILITIES AGAINST
THE CURRENT PEAK FLOW.
F2:SAVE F5 ANALYSIS F6: REPORT F7
QUIT F9:PLF DATA
ENTRY
                                Figure 5-2
                                               28

-------
Selecting a Data Entry Screen -

         The cursor can be moved to any of the 6 boxes in the Configuration Screen using the arrow keys.
The boxes represent the typical treatment train of a water treatment plant, and the data entry screen for each
of the six categories is selected by placing the cursor on the box and pressing .

         It should be noted that as much data as possible should be entered into the data entry screens, but
wherever an item does not apply or is unknown, it may be left blank. If more information is needed during
the Major Unit Process or Performance Limiting Factor evaluations, the Advisor will ask you for it at that
time:
Plant Data Entry Screen

         f Select PLANT DATA on the Configuration Screen and press 

         Figure 5-3 shows the Plant Data Entry Screen. The example plant is located in the state of Ohio,
serves a population of 1260, operates eight hours per day and has a peak instantaneous flow of 0.5 million
gallons per day.  Other items in the data entry screen describe the plant's 12 month history and results of the
special studies performed during a Comprehensive Performance Evaluation (CPE).
GENERAL PLANT DATA
Name of .Plant
Kama of Evaluator
Population Served
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
Settled Water Turbidity (Historical)
Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
Validity of 12-month Historical Data
Special Studies Turbidity Profile (NTU)
Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Validity of the Special Studies
Mill Creek Plant

1260
.5
§
Not Recorded
GT or Eoual to 95%
pata Inaccurate
^4
Not Recorded
Accurate

Upper Bound: 10000000
Lower Bound: 1
What population does the plant serve?
Fl: HELP F5« KEEP DATA S OO TO CONSTO. SCRN. F8 : CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC ABORT
                                   Figure 5-3

        f Move the cursor to 'Name of Evaluator' and enter a name.

        MExit the Plant Data window by pressing 

        As you return to the Configuration Screen, you will notice that the Performance Potential Graph has
been obscured by cross-hatching.  Any change in the data entry screens will cause the evaluation results
depicted in the graph to become obsolete. The graph will be cleared of cross-hatching and will display the
appropriate results when new MUP evaluations have been completed.

        •The data contained in the Plant Data Entry Screen has become a permanent part of this session; if
you display the Plant Data screen again, your entry in the 'Name of Evaluator1 is still there.  However, it is not
saved in a .SAV file yet, and would be lost if the session were terminated now. An example of saving data to a
.SAV file follows the  Raw Water Source Data Entry Screen section.
                                                29

-------
Raw Water Source Data Entry Screen

        f Select RWS and press 

Figure 5-4 shows the Raw Water Source Data Entry Screen, which contains information about die plant raw
water influent as well as the means of transmission to the plant.  As mentioned in previous sections, the data
entry screens are dynamically changed, depending on entries in the data entry screen. The following steps
illustrate this feature.

        MMove the cursor to The Plant Has a Raw Water Transmission Pipe'

        f Press  to access the Choices Menu

        M'Select NO from the Choices Menu
Raw Water Source Data x
Minimum Raw Water Temperature
Raw Water Source
Maximum Raw Water pH
Minimum Raw Water pH
The Plant has a Raw Water Transmission Pipe
Diameter of Raw Water Transmission Pipe (in)
Length oE Raw Water Transmission Pipe (ft)
Raw Water Turbidity (NTU's)
Raw Hater' Stability
Influent Flow Rate Controlled
.5
R]ver
7.5
5.8
Y to access the Choices Menu

         M Select "YES"from the Choices Menu and press 

         The Raw Water Source data entry screen has now been restored to its original form.

         The 'Raw Water Stability" entry is blank and should be filled out before exiting the screen.

         MMove the cursor to  'Raw Water Stability'

         M Press  to access the Choices Menu

         M Select 'Stable'from the menu and press 
                                                  30

-------
        MExit the Plant Data window by pressing 

        Again, exiting the screen with  makes the changes to the data entry screen;
leaving the data entry screen by pressing  aborts the changes. You may want to save the entire session
periodically to the .SAV file using . This will prevent the loss of data should your session be terminated
unexpectedly by power failure, etc.


Saving A Session

        A session may be saved at any time during the data entry process by pressing  in the
Configuration Screen (Figure 5.5).  A menu will appear to get the saved file name (must be 8 character or
fewer DOS file name). Be careful to choose a new file name if you intend to create a new .SAV file; the SAVE
procedure will overwrite an existing file of the same name.
MILLCRK
SURFACE
WATER
TREATMENT
PLANT- -PLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:

PLANT DATA
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS
FLOCCULATION I

DATA:
RAW DATA

SEDIMENTATION



Performance Potential

0.0%
FLOC
0.0%
SED
0.0%
FILT
0.0%
DISNF










PIF







Graph

= O.OOmgd

















FILTRATION




















DISINFECTION


•TOM 1



TJNCTIOK

Please enter the name of
your plant configuration
to be saved.
Is accepted.
strings
Ai\ and Bi\
Character
are limited to
S characters :
MILLCRK. SAV












ESC: LOAD FltHELP F2
SAVE
F5 ANALYSIS F6:REPORT F7:QUIT F9:PLF
DATA ENTRY
                                   Figure 5-5
         MPress 
         U Type MYCRK and press 

         Once the current session is saved, you may proceed as you were, with all data entered up to that
point saved in a file.  The new file name is now displayed in the upper left corner. Of course, as you continue
in the session, any new data or changes in previous entries must again be. saved by pressing .
Flocculation Data Entry Screen

         Jf'Select FLOC on the Configuration Screen and press 

         Figure 5-6 shows the Flocculation Data Entry Screen. The plant has a single flocculation basin
                                                31

-------
using mechanical mixers in two mixing stages.  The mixers are variable speed. The size of the flocculatibn
basin is entered in units of volume (gallons), but could be changed to dimensions of length, width and depth,
if you prefer those units instead.

        Plants that have no flocculation unit process such as in-line direct filtration technology are
represented in the D"WTP Advisor by entering 0 in the slot for 'Number of Flocculation Basins." This will
cause the remaining values in the data entry screen to be 'grayed-out' and the plant will be considered to have
no flocculation unit process.

        When the number of basins is greater than 1, and the 'Basins are Identical1 is 'No', many of the data
entry slots are made inactive or 'grayed-out.' This is because volume and dimension data entry slots are used
only when the plant has a single basin, or when there are multiple basins that are identical.  "When any of the
major unit processes have multiple basins, filters etc. of different characteristics, the size and characteristics
of each basin or filter are collected one-by-one during the MUP evaluation.

        You may change entries in the Flocculation Data Entry Screen, and exit using , but any
changes you make may affect the results and reports when compared to the example results and reports
shown in Appendix B.

         M Leave the Flocculation Data Entry Screen by pressing 

         Ml Confirm you are leaving without making changes by selecting LEAVE FORM
Plocculatlon Data
Number of Plocculator Basins
Are Flocculaeion and Sedimentation Combined
Flocculation Basin Configuration
Flocculaeion Basins Identical
II of Mixing Stages in a Single Floe Basin
Condition of Baffling
Flocculation Basin Mixer Type
Flocculation Mixer Control
Flocculation Mixer Energy Level
Flocculation Basin Information
Length of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Width of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Depth of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Volume of Single Flocculation Basin (gals)
1
Np


2
-f
Mechanical
Yes
Variable
Bv Dimension,
14
7
1-0



Oppor Bound: 10000000
Lower Bound: 1
How raany Zlocculatlon basins doos this plane hava ?
Fit HELP PSt KEEP DAT*. 6 GO TO CONPIO. SCRN. P8 1 CLEAR FIELD P10: CHOICES ESC ABORT
                     Figure 5-6 Flocculation Data Entry Screen
                                                 32

-------
Sedimentation Data Entry Screen

        f'Select SED on the Configuration Screen and press 

        As you can see from the Sedimentation Data Entry Screen in figures 5.7 and 5.8, the plant has two
rectangular sedimentation basins which are identical and configured in series. The basin operates in
turbidity mode, with manual sludge removal on a regular basis.  It does not utilize tube settlers.

        Surface area data entry slot is inactive because the 'Sedimentation Basin Information1 choice is 'By
Dimension.' "Diameter" is made active whenever the sedimentation basin type is circular, such as Upflow or
Glaricone. And without tube settlers, it is unnecessary to ask whether tubes are horizontal or vertical.

        M Use  or cursor arrows to move to Page 2 of Sedimentation Data

        Vertical and horizontal tube area questions pertain only to ba'sins with tube settlers, and the data
entry slots for peak instantaneous flow are activated when the sedimentation system is in turbidity mode part
of the year, and softening mode the rest of the year.
Sedimentation Data
Number of Sedimentation Basins
Sedimentation Basin Configuration
Are the Sedimentation Basins Identical
Type of Sedimentation Basin
Shape of Sedimentation Basin
Sedimentation Basin Information
Surface Area of Single Sed Basin (sq ft)
Length of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Width of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Depth of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Diameter of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Tube/Plate Settlers Used
Tube/Plate Settler Orientation
2
Series
Yes
Rectanoular
Rectanoular
Bv Dimension





No


Response MUST lie between 0 and 10
How many sedimentation baalns does this plant have ?
Pit HELP F5t KEEP DATA & GO TO CONFIO. SCRN. P8t CLEAR FIELD F10 < CHOICES ESC ABORT
               Figure 5-7  Page 1 of Sedimentation Data Entry Screen


        MLeave the Sedimentation Data Entry Screen by pressing 

        M Confirm you are leaving without making changes by selecting LEA VE FORM
                                                33

-------
sedimentation Data
Surface Area over Vertical Tubes (sq ft)
Sludg* Rcaoval Kathod
Sludge Removal Frequency
Sedimentation Basin Inlet Condition
Sedimentation Basin Outlet Condition
Sedimentation Basin Mode
Peak Instantaneous Flow(mgd) in Turbidity Mode
Peak Instantaneous Flow(mgd) in Softening Mode

Manual
Reoular
Not Disruotive
No Performance Limit
Turbidi tv






Choice* are i Manual | Mechanical
I* «ludge removed manually or mechanically ?
tit HELP F5« KEEP DATA t GO TO COHFIO. SCRH. P8 1 CLEAR FIELD PlOl CHOICES ESC ABORT
              Figure 5-8  Page 2 of Sedimentation Data Entry Screen



Filtration Data Entry Screen

        MSelect FILTon the Configuration Screen and press 

        Ml Move the cursor to Backwash Methods


        Mill Greek Plant has a single monomedia sand filter, 46 inches deep, with a surface area of 177
square feet  Backwashing is done with a pump rated at 2000 gpm. The multiple filter data items such as
'Filter Sizes Identical1 and 'Filter Media the Same1 are activated when more than one filter exists. And the
cvaluator chooses to enter the size of the filter as surface area rather than dimensions.

        CPE evaluators may conduct special studies (such as continuous measurement of individual filter
turbidity, evaluating backwashing and media bed expansion, etc.) on a particular filter. Questions about
expanded and unexpended filter bed size pertain to results gained from a special study. As with any data
entry slot, if the information is unknown, the slots may be left blank.

        Filtration Data Entry Screen is used below to demonstrate the Help utility.  Help text, an
explanation of the item in the data entry slot, is available by pressing  when the cursor is positioned on
the item.

        M Use  or cursor arrows to move to Page 2 of Filtration Data

        MMove cursor to "Operators filter to waste after backwash'

        M Press  for Help Text
                                                34

-------
Filtration EM
Number of Filters
Filters sizes identical
Filter medias the same
Filter Media
Filter Size Information
Length of ' Single Filter (ft)
Width of Single Filter (ft)
Depth of Single Filter (in)
Surface Area of Single Filter (sq ft)
Multiple Backwash Methods
Backwash Mot hod
Filter Backwash Pump Capacity (gal/min)

Choices are i Backwash Pump | Distribution Syotoi
What type of ay a tan is usad for backwashing the 1
PI: HELP PSt KEEP DATA & GO TO CONPIO. SCRN. F8« C
ita
1


Sand/Mono
By Surface


46
177

Backwash PUDD
2000

i | Elevated Storage
Miters 7
ILEAR FIELD FlOt CHOICES ESC ABORT
         Figure 5-9  Page 1 of Filtration Data Entry Screen
Filtration Data
Filter Backwash Flow Rate (gal/min)
Air Binding
Operators filter to waste after backwash
Type of Filter
Design Filter Media Depth (in)
Expanded Filter Bed Size (in)
Unexpended Filter Bed Size (in)
Choices are : Yes | No

None
NO
Gravity
54
28
48



Do the operators filter to waste after backwashing ?
No
Fl: HELP F5: KEEP DATA & GO TO CONFIG. SCRN. F8 : CLEAR FIELD F10 : CHOICES ESC ABORT
       Figure 5-10  Page 2 of Filtration Data Entry Screen
 MILLCRK
                  Operators filter to waste after backwash.
Do the plant operators filter to waste
following a backwash until filtered water
queality is less than 0.5 NTU?
                             Fl:  HELP FStEXIT
                      Figure 5-11  Help Window
                                   35

-------
        M'Leave the Help Window by pressing 

        M Leave Filtration Data Entry Screen by pressing 

        M Confirm by selecting LEAVE FORM and pressing 





Disinfection Data Entry Screen


        M Select DISNF on the Configuration Screen and press 



        Disinfection at the Mill Creek Plant is post-disinfection only, using chlorine. The required reduction
of Giardia cysts is log 3.0. A single, covered, unbaffled clearwell, 12 by 10 by 14 feet, is used and the distance
to the first tap is 500 feet through an 8-inch distribution pipe.  All information relating to pre-disinfection is
inactive.

         M Leave Disinfection Data Entry Screen by pressing 

         f Confirm by selecting LEAVE FORM and pressing 
                                               Disinfection Data
           Hunbor of Post-disinfactlon Points Availablo
           Number of Post-disinfection Points Used
           Type of Posc-disinfectanC
           Plane Pre-disinfects
           Pre-disinfecting Legal in  this State
           Number o£ Pre-disinfection Points Available
           Number of Pre-disinfection Points Used
           Pre-disinfection Application Point
           Type of Pre-disinfectant
           The Plant has a Presedimentation Basin
           Condition of Baffling in Presedimentation Basin
           Number of Clearwell Basins
           Are the Clearwell Basins Identical
           Clearwell Basin Information
Chlorine
No
Bv Dimensions
           R«»pon«» MOST 11« botwoon  0 and 5
           How many post-disinfection application points  doos the plant havo ?
          Fit HELP FS«  KEEP DATA 6 OO TO CONPIO. SCRN. P8. CLEAR FIELD FlOj CHOICES ESC ABORT
                Figure 5-12  Page 1 of Disinfection Data Entry Screen
                                                  36

-------
                                    Dislnfaction Data
Length of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
Width of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
Minimum Clearwell Basin Depth (ft)
Total Volume of Single Clearwell Basin  (gals)
Clearwell Basins Covered
Condition of Baffling in the Clearwell  Basin
Total Log Reduction of Giardia Cysts  (logs)
Tracer Test  Performed on Post Disinfection
Tracer Test  Detention Time (min)
Maximum Finished Water pH
Number of Clearwell Distribution Pipes
Pipe Diameter to First Tap (in)
Pipe Length  to First Tap (ft)
12
10
14
Unbaffled
 7.8
 18
                                                 500
     Figure 5-13  Page 2 of Disinfection Data Entry Screen
                                       37

-------
5.3 MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATIONS

        Once all the Major Unit Process data entry screens are filled out, you may proceed with MUP
evaluations by pressing  at the Configuration Screen. The menu that appears contains all four major
unit processes. One or more may be selected for evaluation by placing the cursor and pressing .


        MPress  to select FLOCCULATION

        M Use the arrow keys to move, and  to select, each of the other three
        processes


        You will notice that an asterisk (*) appears to the left of the process when it has been selected, and
disappears when the  is pressed again. In this way, one or more of the processes can be selected or
dc-sclccted for evaluation.  Once the choice is made, the evaluation process is begun by pressing .
Figure 5-13 shows the screen when all four processes have been
selected.

        f Press  to begin the Major Unit Process evaluation
MILLCRK SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANT—PLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA Hit  to
- • • Hit 
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA: Hit  te
Hit  to

scroll to doslred process
to toggle soloct/ Not soloct
> abort Analyze
activate Analyze


Performance Potential Graph
0.0% PIF = O.OOmgd
FLOG
0.0%
SED
0.0%
FILT
0.0%
DISNF

1

Which Processes?
* PLOCCUIATION
* SEDIMENTATION
* FILTRATION
* DISINFECTION


ESC:LOAD -FltHELP F2:SAVE F5:ANALYSIS F6:REPORT F7:QUIT F9:PLF DATA ENTRY
                                   Figure 5-14
                                                38

-------
 Individual MUP Reports

         At the completion of each MUP evaluation, you have the option to examine the report that has been
 prepared on that particular unit process, and if desired, add additional notes to that portion of the report. At
 the window that appears when the individual MUP evaluation is done,  provides a preview of the report,
  allows you to add your own comments to the MUP report, and  to proceed.
Queries During the Evaluation

        It is possible that the data entry information is incomplete, or some clarification is needed before
the evaluation can proceed.  A window may appear requesting a number or a multiple-choice selection be
made. Normally, the choice can be made by positioning the cursor on a line and pressing . If further
help is required, the  key will usually produce context-sensitive help text. Once the value has been
supplied, the evaluation will proceed as before.

        During the sample Filtration MUP evaluation, once it is determined that the backwashing capacity
is short of the expected 15 gpm/ft2, you will be asked if minor modifications would increase backwashing to
that expected level.
           Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to Minor Modifications
            ress  to view a definition of 'minor modifications'
        Many of the windows that present further explanations, or request a reply from the user, have
highlighted words or phrases that may be selected with the arrow keys. This is hypertext help, which
elaborates on a particular topic when the user chooses further information. Pressing  selects the
topic, and pressing  one or more times will return you back to the original window.


        M 'Press  to return to the question window

        M Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to YES

        M Press  to answer the question and proceed



Performance Potential Graph

        At the completion of the final Major Unit Process evaluation, the Advisor returns to the
Configuration Screen.  The Performance Potential Graph is now cleared of cross-hatching, and the results of
the evaluations are displayed on the graph. Each unit process rated capacity is displayed as a percentage of
the plant's peak instantaneous flow.
                                                39

-------
                 MILLCRK
                             SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANT—PLANT CONFIGURATION
                 GENERAL PLANT DATA:
                 SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA:
                                                                   RAW DATA
                    FLOCCULATION
                      Performance Potential Graph
                                       PIF =0.50 mgd
                                                          FILTRATION
PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL GRAPH
COMPARES THE EXPECTED FLOW
TREATABLE BY EXISTING MAJOR
UNIT PROCESS FACILITIES AGAINST
THE CURRENT PEAK FLOW
                 ESC:LOAD  F1:HELP  F2:SAVE  F5:ANALYSIS  F6:REPORT F7:QUIT  F9:PLF DATA ENTRY
                                 Figure 5-15
5.4 CORRECTIVE CONSIDERATIONS

        After performing the initial MUP evaluation, DWTP Advisor will examine the potential to improve
plant performance through certain Corrective Considerations. At this point you will see a message window
which informs the user that Corrective Consideration 1 may be applicable (Reducing Peak Flow by increasing
Operating Hours.)

        • After reading the text, press  to continue

        In order to bring all Major Unit Processes to Type 1 status, this plant would have to operate 23
hours a day.  DWTP asks you whether this is possible and provides a menu window for your response.

        • Move cursor to  'No, operating hours cannot be increased to that level'

        • Press  to select this response

        Next, DWTP asks the maximum daily operating time to which this plant can be increased.  This
time there is  no selection menu because DWTP Advisor expects the user to type in  a number.

         • Type 18 then press 

        You have now seen the two types of prompts, menu and numeric, used by DWTP Advisor to obtain
additional information necessary for  the Corrective Considerations. Similar prompts will be encountered
during the PLF analysis process. These prompts allow DWTP Advisor to pursue a specific line of reasoning
based upon the plant characteristics defined in the data entry screens. Since these prompts are presented
only when they might apply to PLF determination at a site, the user is spared from entering data which is not
relevant to a specific PLF analysis.
                                                 40

-------
         DWTP Advisor has considered the effect of increasing plant operating hours to 18.  A window
describing these effects is presented.

         • After reading the text, press  to continue

DW'l'P Advisor next informs the user that a record of this consideration will be posted in the Observation
Report.

         • Press  to continue

A second Corrective Consideration (Evaluation as Direct Filtration) is now pursued.

         • After reading the text, press  to continue

The justification for this consideration is explained in the following window.

         • After reading the text, press  to continue

This time, it was not necessary for the user to provide additional data in order for DWTP Advisor to complete
the consideration.  The results of this Corrective Consideration are immediately displayed.

         • After reading the text, press  to continue


5.5 PLF DATA ENTRY

        In many cases where a Drinking Water Treatment Plant is not operating to its potential, simple
modifications to the plant structure and/or operating procedures can improve the plant's capacity and
effluent water quality. Factors which result in substandard operational characteristics of the Drinking Water
Treatment Plant are referred to as Performance Limiting Factors or PLFs. Once the Major Unit Process
Evaluation is complete, you may want to  determine the primary PLFs at your site and the actions you can
take to reduce the effects of these PLFs.

        • Press  to move to PLF Data Entry

Note that you must have previously completed evaluation of all Major Unit Processes in order to enter the
PLF portion of DWTP Advisor.

The PLF Configuration Screen

        After all the Corrective Considerations applicable to the plant are completed, the user proceeds to
the PLF Configuration Screen. This screen is similar in appearance to the Major Unit Process Configuration
Screen.  Categories of Performance Limiting Factors are represented by rectangular boxes drawn on the
screen. The arrow keys allow the user to position the cursor on a box. Pressing  displays the data
entry screen associated with the current box. These data screens operate in the same manner as the MUP
data entry screens.  Once inside a data entry screen  saves changes and exits;  aborts changes and
exits.  This sample session will not explore the contents of each PLF data screen but feel free to do so on your
own. Notice that data is already present in each ungrayed slot from the MILLCRK.SAV save file.
                                                41

-------
PLF Analysis

        The PLF analysis is initiated by pressing F5 at the PLF Configuration Screen.

        • Press  to begin the PLF analysis

        • Press  to select 'Analyze Data for Performance Limiting Factors'
        As the PLF analysis proceeds, DW'iJf Advisor will prompt you for additional necessary data (as
described in the Corrective Consideration section above.) A list of prompts and suggested responses follows.
These arc the data used to produce the report found in Appendix B. You are not required to follow the
suggested responses however, be aware that using your own data may change the number and types of
questions asked.  In addition, the report you produce may differ from that shown in Appendix B.


Prompt: You have indicated that the operators are not able to perform continuous testing of the disinfectant
residual in finished water. Indicate the  most appropriate reason why.
Response: Lack of funds to purchase appropriate equipment.

Prompt: How often is the alkalinity of the raw water tested?
Response: Daily

Prompt: Is the mechanical coagulant mixer being used correctly at the point of coagulant addition?
Response: Mixer Used Correctly

Prompt: The plant is disposing backwash into surface waters. Does the plant have a permit to do this?
Response: Yes

Prompt: You have indicated that the plant is  able to feed coagulant. Are the available coagulant feeders
and supplies actually used to feed coagulant into the process stream?
Response: Coagulant Used

Prompt: You have indicated that coagulant aid (cationic polymer) is necessary for proper plant operation.
Docs the plant have the chemical feeders and supplies necessary to feed coagulant aid (cationic polymer)?
And, if the supplies are available, are they in use?
Response:  Available and In Use
Prompt: You have indicated floe/filtration aid is necessary for proper plant operation. Does the plant have
the chemical feeders and supplies necessary to feed flocculation and/or filtration aid? And, if the supplies
are available, are they in use?
Response:  Available and In Use

 Prompt: How turbulent is the water where flocculation and/or filtration aids are fed into the process stream?
Response:  Gentle

 Prompt: You have indicated other chemicals  are necessary for proper plant operation.  Does the plant have
 the chemical feeders and supplies necessary to feed chemicals other than flocculation/filtration aids? And, if
 the supplies are available, are they in use?
 Response:  Available and In Use
 Prompt: Minimum raw water pH is less than 6.5, which indicates the need for stabilization with lime
or
                                                 42

-------
soda ash. Does the plant have the chemical feeders and supplies necessary to feed lime or soda ash for
stabilization? And, if the supplies are available, are they in use?
Response: Not Available

Prompt: Can the operator of the plant obtain the chemical feeders and supplies necessary for feeding
chemicals that are necessary but not currently used?
Response: Yes

Prompt: Do automated controls degrade plant performance during start-up and shutdown?
Response: No degradation.

Prompt: Is there a backup unit available to replace the coagulant feeder?
Response: Available

Prompt: Is there a backup pump or alternative system available to replace the main backwash pump?
Response: Available

Prompt: Is there a backup unit available to replace the cationic polymer feeder?
Response: Available

Prompt: Is there a backup unit available to replace the flocculation and/or filtration aid feeders)?
Response: Available

Prompt: Current water demand is normal based on the average for this area. Are there any future
considerations (industrial or population growth, etc.) that indicate the need for water conservation?
Response: Conservation needed

Prompt: Due to the possible future need for water conservation, does the administration encourage a
program of reduced water consumption among industry and the public?
Response: Conservation encouraged

Prompt: Since backwashing is determined primarily by time and/or head loss, does the turbidity of the
filtered water often increase significantly above normal operating levels before backwashing is initiated?
Response: Turbidity increases significantly


Report Generation, View, and Save Features

After DW'l'P Advisor has requested all necessary data and completed a PLF analysis, a text report detailing
the Performance Limiting Factors for this site is produced.  As is the case with the individual Major Unit
Process report, the user has the option to press  to preview the report,  to add comments to the
report, or  to continue.

         • Press  to continue

Once returned to the PLF Configuration Screen, a window in the lower left corner of the screen displays the
primary Performance Limiting Factors for this site. At this point, F6 enables the user to generate a final
report which contains all Major Unit Process reports, the observation report, and the PLF report.

         • Press 
                                                43

-------
As you read the final report, press Enter to scroll the screen one page at a time. After reading the report,
0WTP Advisor prompts you for the disposition of the report.

        • Choose 'Save the report' then press 

A window appears which prompts you for a report save file name.

        • Type MYCRK.DOC then press 

A file named MYCRK.DOC is created on your disk. This file can be loaded into any word processor which
reads ASCII files for subsequent editing. Note that the F2 feature at the configuration screen saves only the
input data. Therefore if you do not save the report at this time, you must run another analysis to reproduce
the report information.

Since we have not modified the input data since the last save (F2) we could exit at this time without saving
and not lose any information. However, it is a good practice to save your data before exiting so that you do
not accidentally lose information.

        • Press  to exit to DOS

        • Select 'Save current data & Exit' then press 

The save window appears with the name MYCRK.SAV.

         • Press  to keep this name and overwrite the existing file with the
         current data

Note that the save process actually creates two files.  The .SAV file contains only the MUP data for a site. A
file by the same name with an .SV2 extension contains the PLF data for a site. The user does not need to be
aware of this process except to realize that deleting files with an .SAV or an .SV2 extension  can cause loss of
data.

CONGRATULATIONS! You have completed the DWTP Advisor sample session.
                                                44

-------
         APPENDIX A
DWTP ADVISOR DATA ELEMENTS
            A-l

-------

-------
                                            APPENDIX A
                            DWTP ADVISOR DATA ENTRY FORMS
As described in Chapter 2 of this User Documentation, the DWTP Advisor accepts data via a series of Data Entry Forms.
This Appendix lists the questions that appear on all the system's Data Entry Forms, as well as the acceptable answers to these
questions.  This Appendix may be useful for compiling data from the Data Collection Forms in the Interim Handbook:
Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction Program Approach.

The system questions, help explanations, and  answer options presented in the pages that follow are organized in two
columns. The left column includes three types of information. In order of appearance, they are:

         •      Screen Text Questions - The abbreviated form of each DWTP Advisor question is listed as the item title.
                This is the same text that appears in the Data Entry Form Question List Window.

         •      Help - More detailed instructions for answering the question appears below the item tide.  This is the text
                that appears when  is pressed from within the Data Entry Form.

         •      Expanded Question - The version of the question that appears in the Expanded Question Window is listed
                below the Help text in italics. This question is a more detailed explanation of the required user response
                or action.

The acceptable answers/inputs corresponding to each question in the left column are specified in the right Answer Options
column. The inputs appear either in the form of a list of multiple choice options, or, for numeric answers, lower and upper
bounds of the number that can be entered for that question. These are the values that would appear if you typed  from
the Data Entry Form.
                                                  A-2

-------
                                  APPENDIX A (continued)

                         DWTP ADVISOR DATA ENTRY FORMS

The questions are grouped by Data Entry Form and can be found on the following pages.
        General Plant Data
        Raw Water Source Data
        Flocculation Data
        Sedimentation Data
        Filtration Data
        Disinfection Data
        Administrative PLF Data
        Design PLF Data
        Design PLF: Chemical Addition Data
        Operational PLF Data
        Operational PLF: Process Control Data
A-4
A-7
A-9
A-12
A-18
A-23
A-30
A-33
A-37
A-38
A-42
                                               A-3

-------
                                  GENERAL PLANT DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
        Name of Plant

        What is the name of the Drinking Water Treatment Plant
        that is currently being investigated?

        What is the name of your Drinking Water Treatment
        Plant?

        Name of Evaluator

        Enter your name as the evaluator of the plant, and/or
        the name of anyone that is assisting you in this
        evaluation.

        Who is the evaluator of the plant?

        Population Served

        What population does this plant serve?

        What population does this plant serve?

        Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)

        Peak instantaneous flows are established by the evaluator
        through discussions with operator(s), review of plant
        records, and plant capacity. Ninety percent of the
        operators will be able to identify the pump(s) that is
        used most of the time.

        For each pump, convert its rating to mgd using the
        following conversion:

        Pump = X gpm*1440 min/day*l mil gals/1000000 gal(s)

        For example, suppose that a plant has 3 pumps rated at
        1736 gpm, but only two are used and one is in reserve.
        Then the peak instantaneous flow is
        2*(1736 gpm* 1440 min/day*l million gals/1,000,000 gal(s)),
        or, 2*2.5 = 5 mgd.
        In cases where more than one pump is used, select the pump
        with the highest rated capacity.

        What is the HIGHEST FLOW RATE (in MGD) at which the
        plant operated during the last 12 months?
  DWTP name
  Your name
 1 Lower bound: 1
 1 Upper bound: 10,000,000
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 900

-------
                                   GENERAL PLANT DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
5.      Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)

        What is the daily operating time for the plant, in hours
        per day?

        What is the daily operating time, in hours per day?

6.      Settled Water Turbidity (Historical)
        In the past 12 months, how often has the settled water
        turbidity been less than 5 NTU? Ideally, the historical
        data should indicate that the settled water is less than
        5 NTU at least 95% of the time.

        In the past 12 months, what percentage of the time was
        the settled water turbidity less than 5 NTU?

7.      Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
        In the past 12 months, how often has the finished water
        turbidity been less than 0.5 NTU?  Ideally, the historical
        data should indicate that the finished water is less than
        0.5 NTU at least 95% of the time.

        In the past 12 months, what percentage of the time was
        the finished water turbidity less than 0.5 NTU?

        Validity of 12 Month Historical Data

        Are there any reasons why the historical data values
        recorded do not accurately reflect the plant? For
        example, are the turbidimeters calibrated incorrectly
        without operator knowledge? Do the recorded
         data misrepresent the actual plant performance?

        Are there any reasons why the historical values recorded
        do not accurately reflect the plant?
• Lower bound: 1
• Upper bound: 24
• GT or Equal to 95%
• Less Than 95%
• Not Recorded
  1 GT or Equal to 95%
  1 Less Than 95%
  > Not Recorded
  1 Data Accurate
  1 Data Inaccurate
                                                 A-5

-------
                            GENERAL PLANT DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
9.       Special Studies Turbidity Profile

        As indicated by the special studies data, how much,
        in NTU, does the individual filtered water turbidity
        increase during the 30 minutes immediately after
        backwashing?

        How much does the individual filtered water turbidity
        increase during the 30 minutes immediately after
        backwashing, in NTU?

10.      Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
        Do the special studies indicate that the finished water
        turbidity is less than 0.5 NTU at least 95% of the time
        monitored?

        Do special studies indicate that the finished water
        turbidity is less than 0.5 NTU at least 95% of the time?

13.      Validity of the Special Studies

        Is there any indication that the special studies data are due
        to rare conditions, (ie: 1 or 2 days per year), and that the
        performance is normally good?

        Is the special studies data accurate or inaccurate due to
        rare conditions?
• 0
• 50
• GT or Equal to 95%
• Less Than 95%
• Not Recorded
 > Accurate
 1 Inaccurate
                                                A-6

-------
                                RAW WATER SOURCE DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
1.      Minimum Raw Water Temperature (C)

        What was the minimum raw water temperature during the
        last 12 months, in degrees Celsius?

        What was the minimum raw water temperature during
        the last 12 months, in degrees Celsius?

2.      Raw Water Source
        To determine raw water stability, several aspects should
        be examined. For example, prepare a plot of the daily
        raw water turbidities for a twelve month period versus
        time. If the plot shows a large number of points well
        above or below average values, water quality is usually
        considered unstable. Typically water from a lake or
        reservoir is of stable quality, but water subject to
        runoff, such as a river, is unstable.

        What is the Raw Water Source used for this water
        treatment plant?

        Maximum Raw Water pH

        What was the maximum pH of the raw water at the first
        point of pre-disinfection during the last twelve months?'

        What was the maximum raw water pH at the first point
        of pre-disinfection during the last 12 months?

        Minimum Raw Water pH

        What was the minimum pH of the raw water at the first
        point of pre-disinfection during the last twelve months?

        What was the minimum raw water pH at the first point
        of pre-disinfection during the last 12 months?
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 25
• Lake
• River
• Protective Reservoir
• Lower bound: 5
• Upper bound: 9
 • Lower bound: 3
 • Upper bound: 9
                                                A-7

-------
                         RAW WATER SOURCE DATA (continued)

SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS  	        ANSWER OPTIONS
        The Plant Has a Raw Water Transmission Pipe.

        Does the plant have a raw water transmission pipe?

        Does the plant have a raw water
        transmission pipe?

        Diameter of Raw Water Transmission Pipe (in)

        What is the average diameter, in inches, of the
        transmission line carrying raw water between the
        pre-disinfection point and the water treatment plant?

        What is the average diameter of the transmission line
        carrying raw water from the pre-disinfection point to the
       plant?

        Length of Raw Water Transmission Pipe (ft)

        What is the length of the raw water transmission line between
       the pre-disinfection point and water treatment plant, in feet?

       What is the distance between the water source and the water
       treatment plant, in feet?

       Raw Water Turbidity (NTU's)

       90th Percentile Turbidity of the influent water is
       the level of turbidity in NTU that, in the past 12
       months, 90% of daily samples were LOWER THAN, and 10%
       were HIGHER.

       What is the 90th percentile level of
       influent turbidity over the last 12
       months, in NTU?
 • Yes
 • No
• Lower bound: 3
• Upper bound: 36
• Lower bound: 1
• Upper bound: 100,000
• Lower Bound: 1
• Upper Bound: 5000
                                              A-8

-------
                                     FLOCCULATION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
1.      Number of Flocculator Basins

        How many flocculation basins does this plant have?

        How many flocculation basins does this plant have?

2.      Are Flocculation and Sedimentation Combined?

        Solids contact systems use a single basin to perform
        both flocculation and sedimentation.  Due to the
        physical structure of this type of system, it is
        difficult to accurately access the flocculation
        ability of the basin. Therefore, DWTP Advisor will
        assume the flocculation portion of the basin is
        adequate and will produce a combined Floc/Sed rating
        based upon the sedimentation data.

        Are the flocculation and sedimentation
        basins combined in a solids contact
        system?

 3.      Flocculation Basin Configuration

        In Series, two or more basins are in line and the water
        flows through each sequentially.  In Parallel, there
         are one or more basins parallel with the first. The
         system will not analyze a mixed series-parallel
         configuration. In this case, either sum the volumes
         together and analyze all the basins as a single basin,
         or, evaluate each branch (series branch or parallel
         branch) separately.

         If you have more than one flocculation basin, is the
         configuration in Series or Parallel? If both Series and
         Parallel apply to this configuration, read help.

 4.      Are Flocculation Basins Identical?
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 10
 > Floe & Sed Combined
 > Floe & Sed Separate
 • Series
 • Parallel
 • Yes
 • No
         Are all of the flocculation basins identical in size? If the
         basins are identical or so similar that they can be
         evaluated together, you would answer yes.

         Are all of the flocculation basins identical, or, are they
         all similar enough to be evaluated together?
                                                   A-9

-------
                              FLOCCULATION DATA (continued)
 SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
 ANSWER OPTIONS
 5.       # of Mixing Stages in a Single Flocculation Basin

         How many stages are present in a single flocculation
         basin?

         How many stages are present in a single flocculation
         basin?

 6.       Condition of Baffling

         Do baffles or walls separating mixing stages in the
         flocculation basin(s) have to be repaired before it
         will be possible to achieve adequate performance?

         Do flocculation basin baffles or walls
         separating mixing stages need repair?

1.        Flocculation Basin Mixer Type

         Flocculation can be achieved by hydraulic methods or a
         number of mechanical devices:
         - Mechanical devices include paddles or turbines
         - Hydraulic methods apply energy to water by means of
         numerous baffles
         If a basin has a mixture of hydraulic and mechanical stages,
         then select the type that is most prevalent or that BEST
         describes the basin's type.

         Select the appropriate type of flocculation.

8.        Flocculation Mixer Control

         Certain proprietary mechanical flocculator and clarifier
         designs have variable speeds which allow energy input
         to the floe to be adjusted. Is variable speed available?

         Choose between a constant speed or a variable speed
        flocculator.

9.        Flocculation Mixer Energy Level
        In. mechanical flocculation, gentle mixing is necessary
        for adequate floe formation.  Weak mixing will prevent
        floe from forming and excessive mixing is indicated by
        the appearance of turbulence.

        Characterize the mixing speed in the
        flocculation mixing stages.
 • Lower bound: 1
 • Upper bound: 20
 • Need Repair
 • Do Not Need Repair
• Mechanical
• Hydraulic
•Variable
• Constant
• Weak
• Adequate
• Turbulent
                                                A-10

-------
                             FLOCCULATION DATA (continued)

SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS      	
ANSWER OPTIONS
10.     Flocculation Basin Information

        If you know the volume of the flocculation basin in
        gallons, select By Volume. If you know the dimensions
        (Width, Length, and Depth) of the flocculation basin
        in feet, select By Dimensions.

        Do you want to describe the size of the flocculation
        basin By Volume (gallons) or By Dimensions (feet)?

11.     Length of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)

        What is the length of a single flocculation basin, in feet?

        What is the length of a single flocculation basin, in feet?

12.     Width of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)

        What is the width of a single flocculation basin, in feet?

        What is the width of a single flocculation basin, infect?

13.     Depth of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)

        What is the depth of a single flocculation basin, in feet?

        What is the depth of a single flocculation basin, in feet?

14.     Volume of Single Flocculation Basin (gals)

        What is the total volume of a single flocculation basin,
        in gallons?

        What is the total volume of a single flocculation basin,
        in gallons?
• By Volume
• By Dimensions
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 10,000
 • Lower bound: 0
 • Upper bound: 10,000
 • Lower bound: 0
 • Upper bound: 20
 • Lower bound: 50
 • Upper bound: 1,000,000
                                                 A-ll

-------
                                   SEDIMENTATION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
        Number of Sedimentation Basins

        How many sedimentation basins does this plant have?

        How many sedimentation basins does this plant have?

        Sedimentation Basin Configuration

        In Series, two or more basins are in line and the water
        flows through each sequentially. In Parallel, flow is
        split amoung two or more basins. The system will not
        analyze a mixed series-parallel configuration. In this
        case, either sum the volumes together and analyze all
        the basins as a single basin or evaluate each branch
        (series branch or parallel branch) separately.

        If you have more than one sedimentation basin, is the
        configuration in Series or Parallel? If the configuration is a
        combination of both, see help text.

        Are the Sedimentation Basins Identical.
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 6
• Series
• Parallel
• Yes
• No
        Are all of the sedimentation basins identical in size and
        all have the same tube settlers (if the basins have tube
        settlers)? If the basins are identical or so similar that
        they can be evaluated together, you would answer yes.

        Are all of the sedimentation basins identical in size and
        tube settlers (if applicable), or are they similar enough to
        be evaluated together?
                                               A-12

-------
                             SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
                                                                 ANSWER OPTIONS
4.
Type of Sedimentation Basin(s)
        * Rectangular            Rectangular  Basin  where water  flows
                                horizontally
        * Circular Upflow        Circular basin where water flows upward to
                                weirs
        * Solids Contact Basin    Circular  basin  combining   floe,   and
                                sedimentation

        * Adsorption Clarifier
        * Claricone              Select only if the actual
        * Solids Contact Pulsed   proprietary unit is in use.
         * Lamella Plates
                        Only if proprietary unit.
                        Staff-installed or after-market duplicates
                        should be treated as tube settlers.
         Select the appropriate type of sedimentation basin.

         Shape of Sedimentation Basin

         Enter the shape of the sedimentation basin: either
         rectangular or circular.

         What is the shape of the sedimentation basin?

         Sedimentation Basin Information

         If you know the dimensions (Width, Length, and Depth)
         of the sedimentation basin in feet, select By Dimensions.
         If you know the total surface area of the sedimentation
         basin in square feet, select By Surface.

         Do you want to describe the size of the sedimentation
         basin By Dimensions (feet) or By Surface (square
         feet)?
• Rectangular
• Circular Upflow
• Solids Contact
• Adsorption Clarifier
• Lamella Plates
• Claricone
• Solid Contact Pulsed
                                                                 • Rectangular
                                                                 • Circular
                                                                  • By Dimensions
                                                                  « By Surface
                                                 A-13

-------
                              SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
7.      Surface Area of Single Sedimentation Basin (sq ft)

        The effective surface area consists of those sections of the
        sedimentation basin which decrease the water velocity,
        allowing particles to settle.

        For example, in circular basins include only the
        settling area. If the basin has vertical tube or plate
        settlers, include only the area over the settlers. For
        rectangular tube or plate settlers, include the area at
        the face of the settlers. In absorption clarifiers use
        the total surface area over the absorption media.

        What is the effective surface area of
        a single sedimentation basin, in square feet?

8.      Length of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)

        What is the length of a single sedimentation basin,
        in feet?

        What is the length of a single sedimentation basin,
        in feet?

9.      Width of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)

        What is the width of a single sedimentation basin, in feet?

        What is the width of a single sedimentation basin, in feet?

10.     Depth of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)

        How deep is a single sedimentation basin, in feet? In
        rectangular basins, use the average depth over the entire
        basin. In circular basins, use the depth at the outside
        wall.

         The depth of the basin is generally available on
        plant record drawings, manufacturer's  literature (e.g.,
        package plant) or in plant O&M manuals. If these
        sources are unavailable or do not contain the needed
        information, measure the basin's depth directly.

        What is the depth of a single sedimentation basin, in feet?

11.     Diameter of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)

        What is the diameter of the sedimentation basin, in feet?

        What is the diameter of the sedimentation basin, in feet?
• Lower bound: 100
• Upper bound: 50,000
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 1,000
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 1,000
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 25
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 1,000
                                                 A-14

-------
                             SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
12.     Tube/Plate Settlers Used

        Does the sedimentation basin use tube/plate settlers to improve
        the setting capability of the basin?

        Does the sedimentation basin use tube/plate settlers to improve
        the setting capability of the basin?

13.     Tube/Plate Settler Orientation
        Vertical tubes/plates are usually installed at less
        than a 45 degree angle from vertical, whereas
        horizontal tubes are installed at a 45 degree
        angle or larger. Normally, horiontal tubes are at
        7.5 degrees from horizontal.

        What type of tube/plate settlers are installed in the
        sedimentation basin?

14.     Surface Area Over Vertical Tubes (sq ft)

        The effective surface area consists of those sections
        of the vertical tube settlers which decrease the water
        velocity, allowing particles to settle. With vertical
        settlers, include only the settling area over the
        settlers in a single basin.

        What is the surface area over the sedimentation basin
        vertical tubes?

15.     Sludge Removal Method
• Yes
• No
• Horizontal
• Vertical
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 100,000
 1 Manual
 1 Mechanical
         Is the sludge in the sedimentation basin removed
         mechanically or manually. If more than one basin is
         present, we are concerned with the one with the least
         regular solids removal.

         Is sludge removed manually or mechanically?

 16.      Sludge Removal Frequency

         Are settled solids removed from the sedimentation
         basin(s) on a regular basis? Solids should be removed
         frequently enough to prevent excess settled sludge
         build-up and loss of solids in effluent.

         Are settled solids removed from the
         sedimentation basin(s) on a regular  basis?
  1 Regular
  1 Irregular
                                                 A-15

-------
                             SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
 SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
 17.      Sedimentation Basin Inlet Condition

         Does the position of the water inlet limit performance
         of the sedimentation basin? Specifically, does the
         flow of the incoming water disturb settling conditions
         in the basin?
• Not Disruptive
• Disruptive
        Do inlet conditions of the sedimentation
        basin disrupt good settling?

 18.     Sedimentation Basin Outlet Condition

        Are sedimentation outlet conditions causing poor
        performance? Does a lack of surface area development
        by weirs or effluent launders cause solids loss?

        Are sedimentation outlet conditions
        causing poor performance?

 19.     Sedimentation. Basin Mode
        Is the sedimentation system functioning in a Softening
        or Turbidity mode. Softening is indicated by the addition
        of lime or lime and soda ash for the purpose of removing
        calcium'and/or magnesium (hardness). Turbidity is
        indicated by the addition of metal salts or cationic
        polymers.

        Is the sedimentation basin functioning in a Softening
        mode, a Turbidity mode, or is it Part-Year Softening/
        Part-Year Turbidity?

20.     Peak. Instantaneous Flow (Mgd) in Turbidity Mode

        What was the highest flow rate experienced by the
        plant during the time it was in turbidity mode?

        What is the HIGHEST FLOW RATE (in mgd) at which the
        plant operated during the last 12 months while in
        Turbidity mode?
• No Performance Limit
• Limits Performance
                                                                        • Softening
                                                                        • Turbidity
                                                                        • Part Year Turb/Soft.
 Lower bound: 0
 Upper bound: 900
                                               A-16

-------
                        SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
21.     Peak Instantaneous Flow(Mgd) in Softening Mode

       What was the highest flow rate experienced by the
       plant during the time it was in softening mode?

       What is the HIGHEST FLOW RATE (in mgd) at which the
       plant operated during the last 12 months while in
       Softening mode?
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 900
                                          A-17

-------
                                       FILTRATION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
                                                                 ANSWER OPTIONS
4.
Number of Filters

How many filters does this plant have?

How many filters does this plant have?

Filters Sizes Identical

Are all of the filters identical in size? If the basins are
identical or so similar that they can be evaluated together,
you would answer yes.

Are all of the filters identical in size, or are they all
similar enough in size to be evaluated together?

Filter Medias the Same

Various filter designs using coal and garnet layers in
conjunction with sand layers (i.e. dual- or triple-media
filters) are common.  If an individual filter uses only
one type of media, and if all filters use the same type of
media, select 'Yes'.


Are all the filter medias of the same type?

Filter Media
        What type of media is used in this filtration unit?
        Choose from among the following:

        Sand/Mono - a one-layer filter with sand as the filter medium

        Dual - Two separate layers of filtering media. The layers are
            typically composed of sand and anthracite.

        Mixed - More than two layers of filtering media. A typical
            mixed media filter has layers composed of sand,
            anthracite, and garnet. Ilmenite is sometimes
            substituted for garnet.

        Deep Bed - A  deep bed (depth of greater than 4 feet) filter
              with  anthracite or granular activated carbon
              (GAC) media. A layer of sand may also be used
              under the primary layer of media.

        What type of media is employed in this filtration unit?
                                                                         • Lower bound: 0
                                                                         • Upper bound: 20
                                                                          'Yes
                                                                          'No
                                                                         • Yes
                                                                         • No
• Sand/Mono
• Dual
• Mixed
• Deep Bed
                                                A-18

-------
                                FILTRATION DATA (continued)

SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS	
ANSWER OPTIONS
5.      Filter Size Information

        If you know the dimensions (Width, Length, and Depth)
        of the filter basin in feet, select By Dimensions. If you
        know the total surface area of the filter in square feet,
        select By Surface.

        Do you want to describe the size of the filter By
        Dimensions (feet) or By Surface (square feet)?

6.      Length of Single Filter (ft)

        What is the length of a single filter, in feet?

        What is the length of a single filter, in feet?

7.      Width of Single Filter (ft)

        What is the width of a single filter, in feet?

        What is the width of a single filter, in feet?

8.      Depth of Single Filter (in)

        What is the depth of the filter media(excluding support
        gravel)? Either check the specifications of the filter
        media or measure the depth directly by probing the
        filter with a steel rod. The rod will stop when it
        contacts the support gravel. Care must be taken not to
        damage the garnet layer in mixed media filters.

        What is the depth of the filter media,
        in inches?

9.      Surface Area of Single Filter (sq ft)

        What is the effective surface area of a single filter, in
        square feet? If the filters are different sizes, enter the
        area of the largest filter.

        What is the surface area of a single filter, in square feet?
 1 By Dimensions
 | By Surface
 • Lower bound: 0
 ' Upper bound: 10,000
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 10,000
 • Lower bound: 0
 • Upper bound: 96
 • Lower bound: 6
 • Upper bound: 1,000
                                                 A-19

-------
                               FILTRATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
10.      Multiple Backwash Methods?

        Are different backwash systems being used for different
        types of filters?

        Are different backwash systems being used for different
        types of filters?

11.      Backwash Method
        Indicate the type of backwash system used for
        backwashing the filters. Choose from among the
        following:

        Backwash Pump - A pump exists specifically for
                        backwashing the filters

        Distribution System - Water from the distribution system
                          is used to backwash the filters

        Elevated Storage - An elevated storage is used to create
                        the pressure necessary for backwashing

        What type of system is used for backwashing the filters?

12.      Filter Backwash Pump Capacity (gal/min)

        You have indicated that the backwash method for the
        filters is a backwash pump. What is the rate, in gpm, at
        which the backwash pump can backwash one filter?
        Enter the pump capacity and not the actual operating rate,
        since the pump may be throttled.

        What is the design pumping rate of the backwash pump,
        in gpm?

13.      Filter Backwash Flow Rate (gal/min)

        You have indicated that the backwash method for the
        filters is distribution system or elevated storage.
        What is the rate, in gpm, at which backwash water can
        be directed to a filter? A flow meter may be required to
        get an accurate value.

        What is the maximum flow rate of the backwash water, in gpm?
• Yes
• No
• Backwash Pump
• Distribution System
• Elevated Storage
 • Lower Bound: 0
 ' Upper Bound: 20,000
 1 Lower bound: 0
 > Upper bound: 20,000
                                               A-20

-------
                                FILTRATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
14.     Air Binding


        Do one or more of the filters show evidence of air
        binding when a filter is turned off prior to backwashing?
        Choose the correct level of binding.

        Moderate - Some bubbles released, but no appreciable
              surface agitation

        Severe - Bubbles produce boiling effect

        None (or Low) - No presence, or, a minute presence of
                 bubbles

        What is the level of air binding of the filters?

15.     Operators Filter to Waste After Backwash

        Do the plant operators filter the waste following a
        backwash until filtered water quality is less than
        0.5 NTU?

        Do the operators filter the waste following a backwash
        until filtered water quality is less than 0.5
 ' Severe
 ' Moderate
 1 None
• Yes
• No
NTU?
 16.     Type of Filter

        Does this filter use gravity to pass water through the filter
        media, or is the water forced through the media under
        pressure? A pressure filter will be enclosed in a steel tank.

        Does the water flow through the filter via gravity or
        pressure?

 17.     Design Filter Media Depth (in)

        What is the design depth of the filter media (excluding
        support gravel)? This data will probably be available in
        the design specifications or drawings. Enter the design
        filter media depth in inches.

        What is the designed filter media depth, in inches?
• Gravity
• Pressure
  1 Lower Bound: 1
  1 Upper Bound: 96
                                                 A-21

-------
                              FILTRATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
18.      Expanded Filter Bed Size (in)

        What is the measurement from the top of the filter box to
        the expanded media (during backwashing with the filter at
        its maximum expansion)?

        What is the distance from the top of the filter box to the
        expanded media of the filter, in inches? NOTE: Expanded
        depth will be smaller than expected.

19.      Unexpanded Filter Bed Size (in)

        What is the measurement from the top of the filter box to
        the unexpended media (e.g., before backwashing)?

        What is the distance from the top of the filter box to the
        unexpanded media (e.g., before backwashing)?
        NOTE: Unexpanded depth will be greater than expanded.
• Lower Bound: 1
• Upper Bound: 120
• Lower Bound: 1
• Upper Bound: 120
                                             A-22

-------
                                      DISINFECTION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
1.      Number of Post-disinfection Points Available

        Disinfection is the practice of adding a disinfecting agent
        to the plant flow.  Any disinfection conducted before the
        filtration process is considered pre-disinfection.
        Disinfection after the filtration process is considered
        post-disinfection.

        How many post-disinfection application points does the
        plant have?

2.      Number of Post-disinfection Points Used

        How many of the plant's post-disinfection application
        points are in use?

        How many of the plant's post-disinfection application
        points are in use?

3.      Type of Post-disinfection
         What type of disinfecting agent is being administered at
         this application point?

         What type of disinfecting agent is being administered at
         this application point?

4.       Plant Pre-disinfects

         Any disinfection conducted before the filtration process is
         considered pre-disinfection.

         Does the plant pre-disinfect?

5.       Is Pre-disinfection Legal in This State?

         Do the regulations of this state allow pre-disinfection
         in surface water treatment plants?

         Is pre-disinfection Legal in this state?
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 5
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 5
• Chlorine
• Chlorine Dioxide
• Chloramine
• Other
 • Yes
 • No
 • Yes
 • No
                                                 A-23

-------
                               DISINFECTION DATA (continued)

SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS	
                                                                 ANSWER OPTIONS
9.
 10.
        Number of Pre-disinfection Points Available

        Disinfection is the practice of adding a disinfecting agent
        to the plant flow. Any disinfection conducted before the
        filtration process is considered pre-disinfection.
        Disinfection after the filtration process is considered
        post-disinfection.

        How many pre-disinfection application points does the
        plant have?

        Number of Pre-disinfection Points Used

        How many of the plant's pre-disinfection application
        points are in use?

        How many of the plant's pre-disinfection application
        points are in use?

        Pre-disinfection Application Point
Pre-disinfection is the addition of a disinfectant such as
chlorine, prior to sedimentation. The application point is
dependent on the treatment train, but usually follows
screening and precedes settling.

Where is the pre-disinfection application point?

Type of Pre-disinfectant
What type of disinfecting agent is being administered at
this application point?

What type of disinfecting agent is being administered at
this application point?

The Plant has a Presedimentation Basin.

Water contaminated with sand, dirt, mud, etc., can be
treated in a presedimentation basin. Presedimentation
basins are often earthen reservoirs, sometimes
concrete basins, used to settle large particles before
treatment.

Does the plant have a presedimentation basin?
                                                                 • Lower bound: 0
                                                                 • Upper bound: 5
                                                                 • Lower bound: 0
                                                                 • Upper bound: 5
                                                                  • Source
                                                                  • Prior Psed
                                                                  • Prior Floe
                                                                  • Prior Sed
                                                                  • None
• Chlorine
• Chlorine Dioxide
• Other
• Yes
• No
                                                 A-24

-------
                               DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
11.     Condition of Baffling in Presedimentation Basin
        Unless the presed basin is baffled, its effective detention
        time will be much lower than the theoretical detention time
        calculated by using the nominal volume. Choose one of the
        following to describe the baffling in the presedimentation
        basin:

        Unbaffled - None, agitated basin, high inlet and outlet flow
              velocities, variable water level

        Poor - Single or multiple unbaffled inlets and outlets, no
            intra-basin baffles

        Average - Baffled inlet or outlet with some intra-basin
             baffling

        Superior - Perforated inlet baffle, serpentine or perforated
              intra-basin baffles, outlet weir, or perforated weir

        Excellent - Serpentine baffling throughout basin

        CAUTION: Few presed basins can be rated better than
        Unbaffled. If you assign a higher rating than Unbaffled
        be very sure that the presed basin meets the requirements.

        Choose the description that best represents the baffling of
        the presedimentation basin.

12.     Number of Clearwell Basins

        How many clearwells or  other finished water reservoirs
        exist between the post-disinfection application point and
        first tap?

     •  How many clearwells or other finished water reservoirs
        east between the post-disinfection application point and
        the first tap?

13.     Are the Clearwell Basins Identical

        Are all of the clearwell basins identical in size? If the
        basins are identical or so similar that they can be
        evaluated together, you would answer yes.

        Are all of the clearwell basins identical in size, or, are
        they similar enough to be evaluated together?
• Unbaffled
• Poor
• Average
• Superior
• Excellent
• Lower bound: 1
• Upper bound: 5
• Yes
• No
                                                A-25

-------
                              DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
14.     Clearwell Basin Information

        If you know the volume of the clearwell basin in gallons,
        select By Volume. If you know the dimensions (Width,
        Length, and Depth) of the clearwell basin in feet, select
        By Dimensions.

        Do you want to describe the size of the clearwell basin
        By Volume (gallons) or By Dimensions (feet)?

15.     Length of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)

        What is the length of a single clearwell basin, in feet?

        What is the length of a single clearwell basin, in feet?

16.     Width of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)

        What is the width of a single clearwell basin, in feet?

        What is the width of a single clearwell basin, in feet?

17.     Minimum Clearwell Basin Depth (ft)

        What is the minimum depth of the clearwell basin, in
        in feet ? If the water level varies widely over the
        course of the day due to changing water demand,
        periodic operation of the plant, backwash pumping, etc.
        calculate the volume using the minimum depth of water
        that any clearwell contains at any point.

        What is the minimum depth of the clearwell basin, in feet?

18.     Total Volume of Single Clearwell Basin (gals)

        What is the minimum volume of water maintained in a
        single clearwell basin? If the water level varies widely
        over the course of the day due to changing water demand,
        periodic operation of the plant, backwashing activities,
        etc., calculate the volume using the minimum depth of
        water that the clearwell contains at any point.

        What is the minimum volume of water in a single clearwell
        basin at any time, in gallons? If you have more than one
        basin, and they are not alike, read help.
 1 By Volume
 1 By Dimensions
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 10,000
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 10,000
 1 Lower bound: 0
 ' Upper bound: 10,000
  > Lower bound: 0
  > Upper bound: 50,000,000
                                                A-26

-------
                               DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
19.     Clearwells Basins Covered
        Are the plant's clearwells covered and unlikely
        to be contaminated by wildlife or other environmental
        factors?
• Yes
• No
        Are the plant's clearwells covered
        in order to prevent contamination
        by wildlife or other environmental
        factors?

20.     Condition of Baffling in ClearweU Basin
        Unless the clearwell is baffled, its effective
        detention time will be much lower than the

        theoretical detention time calculated by using the
        nominal volume. Choose one of the following to
        describe the baffling in the clearwell.

        Unbaffled - None, agitated basin, high inlet and outlet
              flow velocities, variable water level.

        Poor - Single or multiple unbaffled inlets and outlets, no
        intra-basin baffles.

        Average - Baffled inlet or outlet with some intra-basin
                baffling.

        Superior - Perforated inlet baffle, serpentine or
                 perforated intra-basin baffles, outlet weir, or
              perforated weir.

        Excellent - Serpentine baffling throughout basin.

        CAUTION: Few clearwells can be rated better than
        "Unbaffled." If you assign a higher rating than
        "Unbaffled," be very sure
-------
                                DISINFECTION DATA (continued)

 SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS	ANSWER OPTIONS
 21.     Total Log Reduction of Giardia Cysts (logs)

         If the health department has established a minimum log
         reduction necessary for this water supply, give that
         value. Otherwise, use an estimate of the necessary;
         reduction based upon raw water quality.

         A 3-log reduction of Giardia cysts is generally
         acceptable for lakes or reservoirs. Rivers or streams
         subject to contamination from wastewater discharges,
         feedlots or other sources may require 4.0 log reduction
         or higher.
 • Lower bound: 3
 • Upper bound: 6
         What is the total log reduction of Giardia cysts
         required for this plant?

 22.      Tracer Test Performed on Post Disinfection?

         Has a tracer study been conducted on finished water
         clearwells or storage reservoirs prior to the first tap?

         Has a tracer study been conducted on finished water
         clearwells or storage reservoirs prior to the first tap?

23.      Tracer Test Detention Time (min)

         What is the effective detention time for the disinfectant,
         as indicated by .the tracer study, in minutes?

         What is the effective detention time for the disinfectant,
         as indicated by the tracer study, in minutes?

24.     Maximum Finished Water pH

        What was the highest finished water pH test result
        recorded during the past six months?

        What was the highest finished water pH test result
        recorded during the past six months?
 • Yes
 • No
• Lower bound: 0
• Upper bound: 500
• Lower bound: 5
• Upper bound: 9
                                               A-28

-------
                              DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
                                                                       ANSWER OPTIONS
25.     Number of Clearwell Distribution Pipes

        How many distribution pipes carry water from the plant?
        If there is more than 1 distribution pipe, the diameter and
        length to the first tap will be based on the pipe with the
        smallest volume.

        How many distribution pipes carry water from the plant?
        If there is more than 1, it is very important to read the
        help text.

26.     Pipe Diameter to First Tap (in)

        What is the average diameter, in inches, of the distribution
        pipe carrying treated water to the first user tap? If there
        is more than 1 pipe, use the diameter of the pipe with the
        smallest volume.

        What is the average diameter of the distribution pipe over
        the distance to the first user tap, in inches? If the pipe
        has more than 1 pipe, see help text.

 27.     Pipe Length to First Tap (ft)

        What is the length of pipe carrying treated water from the
        final clearwell basin to the first user tap, in ft? If the
         plant has more than 1 pipe, therefore more than one
         distance, use the distance for the pipe with the smallest
         total volume.

         What is the distance from the final clearwell to the first
         user tap, in feet? If the pipe has more than 1 distance,
         see the help text.
• Lower bound: 1
« Upper bound: 5
• Lower bound: 3
• Upper bound: 120
 • Lower bound: 1
 • Upper bound: 100,000
                                                 A-29

-------
                                  ADMINISTRATIVE PLF DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
        Administrative Familiarity With Plant
                                 from a Lack of Administrative
        Do administrators lack a first-hand knowledge of plant
        needs—through plant visits or discussions with operator—
        to the extent that poor budget decisions, poor staff morale,
        or limited support for plant modifications is in evidence
        and poor performance results?

        Do administrators lack a first-hand knowledge of plant
        needs to the extent that poor performance results?

        Administrative Planning • Adequate Planning
                                • Inadequate Planning
        Is there evidence of planning on the part of the
        administration with respect to the future operation of the
        plant? In particular, are the following being anticipated:
        changes in or additions to regulations likely to affect the
        plant, adequate water supply for future population growth,
        adequate funding to maintain high performance, etc.,

        Is there evidence of planning on the part of the
        administration with respect to the future operation of the
        plant?

        .Lack of Available Funds  • Major Performance Limitation
                                • Minor Performance Limitation
        Does a lack of available funds cause limitations in plant
        performance?  Discern between situations where funds are
        not available for necessary expenditures and situations
        where sufficient funds are available but not used
        appropriately.

        Does a lack of available funds cause limitations in plant
        performance?

        Staff Pay Scale          • Low Pay Scale
                               • Adequate Pay Scale
        Does a low pay scale or benefit package discourage more highly
        qualified persons from applying for operator positions or cause
        operators to leave after they are trained?

        Does a low pay scale or benefit package discourage more highly
        qualified persons from applying for operator positions or cause
        operators to leave after they are trained?
 • Poor Performance Results

  Familiarity
 • Poor Performance Does Not
  Result from a Lack of
  Administrative Familiarity
• No Performance Limitation
                                                A-30

-------
                           ADMINISTRATIVE PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
                                                                         ANSWER OPTIONS
5.      Required Certification   • Certification Required
                                • Certification Not Required
        Does the state require water treatment operators to be certified?

        Does the state require water treatment operators to be certified?

6.      Supervision             • Performance Is Adversely
                                 Affected by Supervision
        Do management styles, organizational capabilities, budgeting
        skills, or communication practices at any management level
        adversely affect the plant to the extent that performance is
        affected? In particular, is there frequent friction between
        the superintendent and operators?

        Do management styles, organizational capabilities, budgeting
        skills, or communication practices at any management level
        adversely effect performance?

 7.       Plant Coverage          • Plant Operated Without
                                  Staff Present
         Is this plant routinely operated without staff present?
         Investigate the staffing on evenings, weekends and
         holidays/vacations for periods of unstaffed operation.

         Is this plant routinely operated without staff present?

 8.       Water Demand          • Demand Above Average
                                 • Average Demand
         The per capita water demand for this plant at peak flow is
          gal/day per
         capita. How does this level of demand compare to the
         average for this area? Answer Average Demand if the excess
         water demand is based primarily upon a unique, but justified,
         situation.

         The per capita water demand for this plant at peak flow is
          gal/day per
         capita. How does this level of demand compare to the
         average for this area?
» Performance Is Not Adversely
 Affected by Supervision
»Staff Always Present
 During Operation
• Demand Below Average
                                                   A-31

-------
                         ADMINISTRATIVE PLF DATA (continued)

SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS	ANSWER OPTIONS
9.      Operator's Work Environment
                             • Adequate Work Environment
       Does a poor work environment create a condition for
       sloppy work habits and low operator morale?

       Does a poor work environment create a condition for
       sloppy work habits and low operator morale?

10.     Workload Distribution   • Improper Distribution of
                              Manpower
       Does the improper distribution of adequate manpower
       (e.g., a higher priority on maintenance tasks) prevent
       process adjustments from being made or cause them to
       be made at inappropriate times, resulting in poor plant
       performance?

       Does the improper distribution of adequate manpower
       result in poor plant performance?
• Poor Work Environment
• Proper Distribution of
 Manpower
                                            A-32

-------
                                       DESIGN PLF DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
        Automatic Critical Unit Control
                                • No Automated Operation
        Are automated controls available and used to start
        and stop flow through the plant?  Automatic operation
        of a plant can cause a performance problem when dirty
        filters are started.

        Are automated controls available and used to start and
        stop flow through the plant?

        Backwash Water Disposal
                                • Sanitary Sewer
        How does the plant dispose of spent backwash water?
        Choose from among the following.

        Recycled-The backwash water is recycled into the
        process stream.  Typically the backwash water passes
        through a basin where sludge is settled out and
        supernatant is recycled.

        Sanitary Sewer-The backwash water is directed to a
        sanitary sewer.

        Surface Water—The backwash water flows directly into a
        river or other body of water.

        How does the plant dispose of spent backwash water?

         Backwash Rate Control  • Backwash Rate Control
                                  Adequate
         The backwash flow rate control governs the rate at which
         backwash water is introduced to the filter. It should
         maintain enough flow to clean the filter and prevent
         excess flow which could disturb the filter media. Is the
         backwash flow rate control adequate?

         Is the backwash flow rate  control adequate?

         Filter Media in Clearwell
                                • No Filter Media in Clearwell
         Is there an appreciable amount of filter media in the
         clearwell? An abnormal amount would probably be
         indicated by small drifts or piles.

         Is there an appreciable amount of filter media in the
         cleanvell?
• Automated Operation
• Recycled

• Surface Water
 • Backwash Rate Control
  Inadequate
  > Filter Media in Clearwell
                                                 A-33

-------
                                 DESIGN PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
        Influent Flow Rate Measured
                                • No
        There should be some means of measuring flow into the
        plant in order to optimize plant unit processes and
        chemical dosages.

        Can the raw water flow rate into the plant be measured
        by a meter or other means?

        Intake Structure        • Limits Performance
                                • No Performance Limitation
        Does the intake structure cause excessive clogging of
        screens, a build-up of silt, or passage of solids that
        limit performance?

        Does the intake structure limit performance?

        Low Service Pump       • Pump(s) Available
                                • Pump(s) Not Available
        Does this plant have low service pumps to raise water
        to the plant from the water supply?

        Does this plant have low service pumps to raise water
        to the plant from the water supply?

        Filter Rate Controller Malfunction
                                 Rate Controller
        Check for malfunctions in the filter rate controllers by
        observing whether or not the valve opens and closes
        rapidly, if it searches for the correct position, or if
        it fails to operate at all. If there is a malfunction,
        the turbidity level of the water from the filter with the
        malfunctioning rate control valve may oscillate. Is there
        a problem with a filter rate controller?

        Is there a problem with a filter rate controller?
 'Yes
• Malfunction in a Filter

• No Malfunction in Filter
 Rate Controller
                                                 A-34

-------
                                 DESIGN PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
9.      Ultimate Sludge Disposal
                               • Sanitary Sewer
        How does the landfill dispose of sludge? Chose from
        among the following:

        Landfill—The sludge is deposited in a landfill.

        Sanitary Sewer— The sludge is sent into the local
        sanitary sewer.

        Surface Water—The sludge is dumped directly into a
        river or other body of water.

        How does the plant dispose of sludge?

10.     Sludge Treatment       • Degrades Performance
                               • Does Not Degrade
        Does the type or capacity of sludge treatment or
        disposal facilities cause operation problems that
        degrade plant performance?

        Does the type or capacity of sludge treatment or
        disposal facilities cause operation problems that
        degrade plant performance?

11.     Clearwell(s) Uncovered  • Yes
                               • No
        Are any of the plant's clearwells uncovered and likely
        to be contaminated by wildlife or other environmental
        factors?

        Are any of the plant's clearwells uncovered and likely
        to be contaminated by wildlife or other environmental
        factors?

12.     Watershed/Reservoir Management
                               • Performance Unimpaired
        Does a lack of raw water quality control facilities
        (e.g., can intake levels be varied, can .chemicals be
        added to control aquatic growth) or inadequate watershed
        management practices impair performance (feed lot
        run-off, undiluted wastewater, etc.,)?

        Does a lack of raw water quality control facilities or
        inadequate water shed management practices impair
        performance?
• Landfill

• Surface Water''
 Performance
 1 Impaired Performance
                                                A-35

-------
                                DESIGN PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
13.      Water Vortex Observed « Vortex(es) Observed
                              • No Vortex Observed
        During normal operation a vortex could be caused if a core
        of support gravel has been formed from the top to the
        bottom of the media. The coarse layer provides an area
        where the water will flow through easily, resulting in a
        vortex similar to that present when a bathtub is drained.
        If a filter is drained, observe the process for the formation
        of vortexes. Are any vortexes observed?

        Are any vortexes observed during normal filter operation or
        when a filter is drained for backwashing?
 1 No Filter Drained
                                             A-36

-------
                         DESIGN PLF: CHEMICAL ADDITION DATA

SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS	           ANSWER OPTIONS
1.       Chemical Feeders Adjustable
                               • No
        Are the various chemical feeders in the plant sufficiently
        easy to adjust so as to allow chemical doses to be matched
        to water quality and water flow rate?

        Are the chemical feeders reasonably easy to adjust?

2.       Chemical Feed Rate Measurable
                               • No
        Can the feed rate of the chemical feeders be measured?

        Can the feed rate of the chemical feeders be measured?

3.      Ability to Feed Cationic Polymer
                                • No
        Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
        supplies necessary to feed cationic polymer?

        Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
        supplies necessary to feed cationic polymer?

4.      Ability to Feed Floc/Filt Aid at Gentle Mixing
                                • No
        Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
        supplies necessary to feed flocculation and/or filtration
        aid(s) to an area of gentle mixing?

        Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
        supplies necessary to feed flocculation and/or filtration
        aid(s) to an area of gentle mixing?

 5.       Other Chemical Necessary
                                • No
         Do the water conditions or other factors create a need for
         chemicals other than coagulants and flocculation/filtration
         aids?

         Do the water conditions or other factors create a need for
         chemicals other than coagulants andflocculationlfiltration
         aids?
                                                                        • Yes
  Yes
 'Yes
• Yes
 'Yes
                                                 A-37

-------
                                   OPERATIONAL PLF DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
                                        ANSWER OPTIONS
        Backwash Determination
                                 Turbidity
        Typically, the decision to backwash a filter can depend
        upon any or all of three factors:  head loss, turbidity of
        unfiltered water, and time between backwashes.  What is
        the primary factor which the operator(s) consider when
        deciding to backwash a filter?

        What is the primary factor which the operator(s) consider
        when deciding to backwash a filter?

        Chemical Application    • Limits Performance
                                • No Performance Limitation
        Are chemicals (other than coagulants, which are discussed
        separately) being applied in a manner that impairs plant
        performance? In particular, are chemical being added with
        improper dosages or in the wrong combinations?

        Are chemicals (other than coagulants, which are discussed
        separately) being applied in a manner that impairs plant
        performance?
                                         • Backwashing Based Upon

                                         • Backwashing Based Upon
                                          Time and/or Head Loss
        Coagulant Application
'Yes
'No
        Are coagulants being applied in a manner that could
        impair flocculation basin performance?

        Is coagulant application causing poor flocculation/
        sedimentation basin performance?

        Distribution System     • Procedures Adequate
                                • Procedures Inadequate
        Are distribution system operating procedures (e.g;,
        flushing, reservoir management, etc.,) adequate to protect
        the integrity of finished water quality?

        Are distribution system operating procedures adequate
        to protect the integrity of finished water quality?
                                                A-38

-------
                             OPERATIONAL PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
                                                                 ANSWER OPTIONS
5.
Feeding Coagulant
'Yes
>No
        Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
        supplies necessary to feed coagulant into the process
        stream?

        Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
        supplies necessary to feed coagulant into the process
        stream?

        Filters Adequately Washed
                                • Filter(s) Inadequately Cleaned
        Are the filters being adequately cleaned by the
        backwashing procedures followed by the operators?

        Are the filters being adequately cleaned by the
        backwashing procedures followed by the operators?

        Filter Bumping         • Yes
                                • No
        Do the operators of the plant ever backwash to release
        air from a filter and then restart immediately without
        actually cleaning a filter?

        Do the operators of the plant ever backwash to release
        air from a filter and then restart immediately without
        actually cleaning a filter?

        Filter Started Dirty      • Filters) Started Dirty  '
                                • Filters) Always Backwashed
        Do the operators of the plant ever start a filter without
        backwashing it first? In particular, plants that operate
        less than 24 hours a day should be investigated for this
        problem.

        Do the operators of the plant ever start a filter without
        backwashing it first?

        Filter Media in Backwash Water Troughs
                                • No Media in Backwash Water
        Do the backwash water troughs contain filter media,
        indicating that the filters are backwashed with too
        •much pressure?

        Do the backwash water troughs contain filter media?
                                                                   > Filter(s) Adequately Cleaned
                                                                    Media in Backwash Water
                                                  A-39

-------
                              OPERATIONAL PLF DATA (continued)

 SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS	ANSWER OPTIONS
 10.      Operational Technical Guidance
                                • No Performance Limitation
         Does inappropriate operational information received
         from a technical resource (e.g., design engineer,
         equipment representative, state trainer or inspector)
         cause improper operational decisions to be implemented
         or continued and result in performance limitations.

         Does inappropriate operational information received
        from a technical resource cause improper operational
         decisions to be implemented or continued and result
         in performance limitations?

 11.      Operating Time Between Backwashing (hrs)
                                • Upper Bound: 72
         On the average, how much time is the filter allowed to
         operate between backwashes? Operation in this context
        means the actual time the filter is running. If the
        plant is operated for less than 24 hours a day, do not
        include the time the plant is inactive.

        What is the average operating time between backwashes
        for the filter,  in hours?
12.
Turbidity of Filtered Water After Start-Up (NTU)
                       • Upper Bound: 5
What is the measured increase in turbidity of the filtered
water during the 20 minutes immediately after
backwashing?

What is the measured increase in turbidity of the filtered
water during the 20 minutes immediately after
backwashing, in NTU?
13.      Chemical Dosages Match Hydraulic Flow
                                Flow
        Do the operators ever vary the hydraulic load on the
        plant without altering the chemical dosages a
        corresponding amount?

        Do the operators ever vary the hydraulic load on the
        plant without altering the chemical dosages a
        corresponding amount?
                                                                  1 Limits Performance
                                                                • Lower Bound: 4
                                                                         1 Lower Bound: 0.01
                                                                • Dosage Always Changed With

                                                                • Flow Varied Without Dosage
                                                                 Change
                                               A-40

-------
                          OPERATIONAL PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS

14.
Wrong Chemical Application Points
                     • No Performance Limitation
Are the various chemicals used for water treatment
applied at improper locations, such that the plant
performance is limited?

Are the various chemicals used for water treatment
applied at improper locations, such that the plant
performance is limited?
                                                         ANSWER OPTIONS

                                                         • Limits Performance
                                             A-41

-------
                      OPERATIONAL PLF: PROCESS CONTROL DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
                                                                 ANSWER OPTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
 Alkalinity Used
'Yes
'No
Is alkalinity added to the water (e.g., lime, soda ash,
sodium bicarbonate)?

Is alkalinity added?

Finished Water Alkalinity Test
                        • Less Than Daily
How often is the alkalinity of the finished water tested?
                        • Monthly
How often is the alkalinity of the finished water tested?
                         Performed
                        • Not Able to Perform Test

Fluoride Use            • Yes
                        • No
Does this facility add fluoride?

Does this facility add fluoride?

Metal Salt Use          • Yes
                        • No
Are aluminum or iron salts added as a coagulant aid?
Examples include alum, ferric chloride, ferrous
sulfate, etc.,.

Are aluminum or iron salts added as a coagulant aid?

Raw Water Alkalinity Test
                       • Less Than Daily
How often is the alkalinity of the raw water tested?
                       • Monthly
How often is the alkalinity of the raw water tested?
        • Test Available but Not
                         Performed
                       • Not Able to Perform Test

Raw Water Turbidity Testing
                       • Every 2-4 Hours
Indicate how often the turbidity of the raw water is
tested.  If this test is not performed, select Test
Available but Not Performed. If the facility lacks the
capability to measure the turbidity of raw water, answer
Not Able to Perform Test. • Test Available but Not
                         Performed
How often is the turbidity of the raw water measured?
                                                                         • Daily

                                                                         • Weekly

                                                                         • Test Available but Not
                                                                        • Daily

                                                                        • Weekly
                                                                        • Continuous

                                                                        • Daily, More Often When
                                                                         Water Quality Dictates
                                                                        • Daily
                                                                        • Less Than Daily
                                                                        • Not Able to Perform Test
                                                A-42

-------
               OPERATIONAL PLF: PROCESS CONTROL DATA (continued)

SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS	     ANSWER OPTIONS
7.       Sedimentation Basin or Reactor Clarifier Turbidity
                              • Every 2-4 Hours
        Indicate how often the turbidity of the effluent from the
        sedimentation basin or reactor clarifier is tested?
        If this test is not performed, select Test Available but
        Not Performed. If the facility lacks the capability to
        measure the turbidity of the reactor clarifier effluent,
        answer Not Able to Perform Test.

        How often is the turbidity of the sedimentation basin
        effluent tested?

8.      Validity of Turbidimeter(s)
                              • No
        Are the titrbidimeter(s) correctly calibrated and
        functioning properly?
• Continuous

• At Least OnceTer Shift
• Daily
• Less Than Daily
• Test Available but Not
 Performed
• Not Able to Perform Test
• Yes
                                              A-43

-------
         APPENDIX B
DWTP ADVISOR SAMPLE REPORT
            B-l

-------

-------
                         APPENDIX B
               DWTP ADVISOR SAMPLE REPORT
          Mill Creek Water Treatment Plant
              FINAL REPORT
               03/29/1992

        MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATION REPORT
 FLOCCULATION
   The flocculation system is Type 1.  The estimated hydraulic
 detention time results in a rated capacity of 0.53 mgd.
 Therefore, the flocculation system is rated Type 1 because
 the rated capacity exceeds peak instantaneous flow of 0.50 mgd.
 Selected Hydraulic Detention Time = 20.0 min.
  Actual Hydraulic Detention Time = 21.1 min.

         Peak Instantaneous Flow = 0.500 mgd
    Final Flocculation Rated Capacity = 0.528 mgd
   Flocculation Performance Percentage = 105.6 %
               Total Volume = 7335.3 gallons

         Flocculation Basin Rated Type
            Initial  1
            Baffled  n/a
             Final  1

SEDIMENTATION
   The sedimentation system is Type 3.  The effective surface area
and the typical (for this type of basin) surface overflow rate result
in a rated capacity of 0.176 mgd. Therefore the sedimentation system
is rated Type 3 because the rated capacity is less than 90% of the peak
instantaneous flow rate, 0.500 mgd.

 The sedimentation basin is without tube settlers and the depth of the
basin, 10.2 feet is considered adequate.  The surface overflow rate
expected in a basin of this design is 0.51 gpm/ft2. The actual SOR
under peak instantaneous flow of 0.500 mgd is 1.45 gpm/ft2.
                                     B-2

-------
       Sedimentation Basin Mode = TURBIDITY
              Basin Depth =  10 feet
  Surface Overflow Rate [expected] = 0.51 gpm/ft2
  Surface Overflow Rate [actual]  =  1.45 gpm/ft2
    Flow Rate Capacity of Basin =  0.2 mgd
       Peak Instantaneous Flow =  0.5 mgd
Sedimentation Performance Percentage =   35%
         Sedimentation Rating = Type 3

 Evaluator Special Notes on Sedimentation:
FILTRATION

   The initial evaluation of the filtration system is scored a
TYPE 1 with a filter loading rate of 2.0 gpm/ft2 expected for
MONO filters with no reported turbidity or air binding problems.
Actual Filter Loading Rate under peak load would be 2.0 gpm/ft2.
The water feed to the filters is by gravity.
BACKWASH analysis shows backwashing capability is 10 gpm/ft2
or greater at the present time, and could be improved to
15 gpm/ft2 with only minor modifications.
BED EXPANSION is presently greater than 20%.
   The filtration process is Type 1. The typical filter rate of
 2.0 gpm/ft2 results in a rated capacity of 0.510 mgd.
 Therefore.the filters are rated Type 1 because the rated capacity
 exceeds the peak instantaneous flow rate of 0.500 mgd.

   The backwash system can supply the necessary backwash flow
 rate to clean the filters.  This system can supply 11.3 gpm/ft2,
 and can be raised to the desired rate of 15 gpm/ft2. The filter media
 bed expansion is 43.5%, which exceeds the desired level of 20% .
                                       B-3

-------
DISINFECTION

COMBINED DISINFECTION :
   Disinfection is Type 2.  Predisinfection is not performed. The
required total Giardia cyst log reduction of 3.0, maximum
finished water pH of 7.8, and the minimum water temperature
of 0.5° Celsius result in a required contact time of 61
minutes for post-disinfection. This contact time and the effective
volume of 7866 gallons for post-disinfection yield a rated capacity
of 0.464 mgd. Therefore, disinfection is rated Type 2 because the
rated capacity is between 90% and 100% of the peak instantaneous
plant flow rate, 0.500 mgd.
 Giardia Cyst Log Reduction Requirement = 3.0
     Log Reduction due to Plant Type = 2.5
       Required Plant Disinfection = 0.5
         Post Disinfectant Type = CHLORINE
       Post Disinfectant Residual =      2.5
                Required CT =      61 minutes

             Total CW Volume =    12566.4 gallons
           Effective CW Volume =    1256.6 gallons
     Total Distribution Pipe Volume =    6609.1 gallons
   Effective Postdisinfection Volume =
   Rated Capacity of PostDisinfection =
7865.8 gallons
  0.5 mgd
      Plant Peak Instantaneous Flow = 0.50 mgd
Rated Capacity of Combined Disinfection = 0.46 mgd
  Disinfection Performance Percentage = 92.8 %
   Plant Disinfection System Rated Type   2

 Evaluator Special Notes on Disinfection:
                                      B-4

-------
                OBSERVATION REPORT

PLANT PERFORMANCE

   The 12-month historical data suggests poor plant performance
based on measured turbidity levels of the finished and settled water.

   The measured turbidity levels of the special studies indicate
poor plant performance.

   The 12-month historical data and the special studies indicate
poor plant performance.

   A measured increase in filtered water turbidity during the first
30 minutes after starting a filter is between .3 and 1 NTU. Improve-
ment in this quality of water would provide a better barrier to the
passage of cysts to the distribution system.
         Results of Corrective Consideration 1
   Potential for Improvement by Increasing Plant Operating Hours

   If the daily operating time were to be increased to the maximum
operating hours allowable, 18.0 hours, the peak instantaneous flow
would correspondingly be reduced to 0.222 mgd. This would result in an
improvement in plant performance, but some unit processes will remain
TypeS.
#PCT4
 An adequate turbidity sampling program of the raw, settled, individual
filtered and finished water exists and indicates good process control
testing procedures.
#PCT8
 The operator(s) are able to demonstrate the proper way to make a
stock solution for ajar test and the proper way to add chemical
dosages to the jar.
#MNT1
 Based on your evaluation, most existing plant equipment is observed
to be functioning properly in a reliable and consistent manner. It
appears that no maintenance factors adversely affect the plant's
performance.
                                          B-5

-------
             PERFORMANCE LIMITING FACTORS
                   03/29/1992
Filtration
  RATING  :A

FLT3
   The backwash pump is not capable of
providing a clean filter. Operation with a dirty filter degrades
performance.
FLT5
   The clearwell volume available for backwashing provides
insufficient water for backwashing the filters. This will result in
continually dirty filters and degraded performance.
Sedimentation
  RATING  :A
SB_3
   The sedimentation system is Type 3. The effective surface area
and the typical (for this type of basin) surface overflow rate result
in a rated capacity of 0.176 mgd. Therefore the sedimentation
system is rated Type 3 because the rated capacity is less than 90% of
the peak instantaneous flow rate, 0.500 mgd.
Disinfection
  RATING  :B
DSN_2
   Disinfection is Type 2. The required total Giardia cyst log
reduction of 3.0, maximum finished water pH of
7.8, and the minimum water temperature of 0.5
degrees Centigrade result in a required contact time of 0
minutes for predisinfection and 61 minutes for
postdisinfection. These contact times and the effective volumes of
0  gallons for predisinfection and 7866 gallons
for postdisinfection yield a rated capacity of 0.464 mgd.
Therefore, disinfection is rated Type 2 because the rated capacity is
between 90% and 100% of the peak instantaneous plant flow rate,
0.500 mgd.
                                         B-6

-------
Low Service Pumping
  RATING  :B

LSP2
 The sudden surge of flow caused by the low service pumps coming
on-line is degrading plant performance by reducing settling
effectiveness and causing filter bumping which causes cysts to be
passed to the distribution system.
Application of Concepts and Testing
  RATING  :B
PAS
   A measured increase in filtered water turbidity during the first
30 minutes after starting a filter is between .3 and 1 NTU.
Improvement is this quality of water would provide a better barrier to
the passage of cysts to the distribution system.
PEX17
  The low raw water pH at this plant indicates the need for the addition
of lime or soda ash to raise the pH and increase coagulation. The plant
lacks the capability to feed lime or soda ash properly.
AC4
  The operator(s) are backwashing based upon time and/or head loss,
without regard for the effect that delayed backwashing is having upon
plant performance.
                                          B-7

-------
             APPENDIX C
DWTP ADVISOR SAMPLE DATA ENTRY SHEETS
                 C-l

-------

-------
General Plant Data
Nam* of Plant
Name of Evaluator
Population Served
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
Settled Water Turbidity (Historical)
Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
Validity of 12 -month Historical Data
Special Studies Turbidity Profile (NTU)
Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Validity of the Special Studies














F1:HELP FSrXEEP DMA fc GO TO MAIN MEND F8: CLEAR FIELD . F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-3

-------
Raw Water Source Data
Minimum Haw Water Temperature
Raw Water Source
Maximum Haw Hatar pH
Hlnitaim Raw Water pH
Tne Plant has a Raw Water Transmission Pipe
Diameter oC Raw Water Transmission Pipe (in)
Langtn oC Raw Water Transmission Pipe (ft)
Raw Water Turbidity (NTO'D)
Raw Water Stability
Influent Plow Rate Controlled













PlsHELP P5:KEEP DATX t 00 TO MXIH MEaro P8S CLEAR FIELD PlOtCHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-4

-------
Plocculation Data
Number of Flocculator Basins
Ar* Flocculationa dn Sedimentation Combined
Flocculation Basin Configuration
Flocculation Basins Identical
t of Mixing Stages in a Single Floe Basin
Condition of Baffling
Flocculation Basin Mixer T^pe
Flocculation Mixer Control
Flocculation Mixer Energy Level
Flocculation Baain Information
Length of Single Flocculation Baain (ft)
Width of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Depth of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Volume of Single Flocculation Basin (gala)

















F1:HELP P5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIM MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-5

-------
Sedimentation Data Page 1
Number of Sedimentation Basins
Sedimentation Basin Configuration
Are the Sedimentation Basins Identical
Type of Sedimentation Basin
Shape of Sedimentation Basin
Sedimentation Basin Information
Surface Area of Single Sed Basin (sq ft)
Length of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Width of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Depth of Single sedimentation Basin (ft)
Diameter of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Tuba/Plate Settlers Used
Tube/Plate Settler Orientation
















P1:HELP PSsKEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8:CLEAR FIELD PlOiCHOICES ESC: ABORT
Sedimentation Data Page 2
Surface Area over Vertical Tubes (sq ft)
Sludge Removal Method
Sludge Removal Frequency
Sedimentation Basin Inlet Condition
Sedimentation Basin Outlet Condition
Sedimentation Basin Mode
Peak Instantaneous Flow(mgd) in Turbidity Mode
Peak Instantaneous Plow(mgd) in Softening Mode











P1:HELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO
TO MAIN MENO P8:CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-6

-------
Filtration Data Page 1
Number of Filters
Filters Bizea identical
Filter medias toe same
Filter Media
Filter Size Information
Length of Single Filter (ft)
Width of Single Filter (ft)
Depth of Single Filter (in)
Surface Area of Single Filter (sq ft)
Multiple Backwash Methods
Backwash Method
Filter Backwash Pmnp Capacity (gal/min)















FltHELP F5:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
Filtration Data Page 2
Filter Backwash Flow Rate (gal/min)
Air Binding
Operators filter to waste after backwash
Type of Filter
Design Filter Media Depth (in)
Expanded Filter Bed Size (in)
Unexpended Filter Bed Size (in)










F1:HELP P5:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-7

-------
                                   Disinfection Data  Page 1
 Number of Post-disinfection Points Available
 Number of Post-disinfection Points Used
 Type of Post-disinfectant
 Plant Pxe-disinfects
 Pre-disinfecting Legal in this State
 Number of Pro-disinfection Points Available
 Number of Pre-disinfection Points Used
 Pre-disinfection Application Point
 Type of Pre-disinfectant
 The Plant has a Presedimentation Basin
 Condition of Baffling in Presedimentation Basin
 Number of Cleanrall Basins
 Are the Clearwell Basins Identical
 Clearwell Basin Information
PI:HELP
          F5:KEEP DATA £ GO TO MAIN MENO   F8:CLEAR FIELD   F10:CHOICES  ESC:  ABORT
                                    Disinfection Data  Page 2
 Length of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
 Width of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
 Minimum Clearwell Basin Depth (ft)
 Total Volume of Single Clearwell Basin (gals)
 Clearwell Basin Uncovered
 Condition of Baffling in the Clearwell
 Total Log Reduction of Giardia Cysts (logs)
 Tracer Test Performed on Post Disinfection
 Tracer Test Detention Time (min)
 Maximum Finished Water pH
 Number of Clearwell Distribution Pipes
 Pipe Diameter to First Tap (in)
 Pipe Length to First Tap (ft)
FlrHELP   F5:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU   F8 :CLEAR FIELD   F10:CHOICES  ESC: ABORT
                                                C-8

-------
ADMINISTRATIVE
Administrative Familiarity With Plant
Administrative Planning
Lack of Available Funds
Staff Pay Scale
Required Certification
Operator Certification Level
Supervision
Plant Coverage
Hater Demand
Operator's Work Environment
Manpower Distribution
Sufficient Manpower
Insufficient Time on the Job
















P1:HELP FSiKEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10 :CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-9

-------
                                        DESIGN  Page 1
Influent Plow Rate Measured
Intake Structure
Low Service Pumps
Filter Blinking by Low Service Pumps
Problemo due to Lack of Low Service Punning
Watershed/Reservoir Management
Presedimentation Basin Too Largo
Plow Proportioning Units
Problems Without Sedimentation Basin
Sample Tap on Sedimentation Basin
Backwash Water Disposal
Sample Tap on Backwash Recycle Stream
Backwash Rate Control
Recycle Streams Legal
Recycle Streams Causing Problems
PI:HELP   PS:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU   F8:CLEAR FIELD   F10:CHOICES  ESC: ABORT
                                        DESIGN   Page 2
Total Recycle  Stream Volume  (gal)
Recycle  Streams  Introduced Prior to Plash Mix
Filter Rate  Controller' Malfunction
Water Vortex Observed
Uneven Support Gravel
Automatic Critical  Unit Control
Ultimate Sludge  Disposal
Sludge Treatment
Sludge Supernatant  Recycled
Filter Madia in  Clearwell
 P1:HELP   PS:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU   PSiCLEAR FIELD   F10:CHOICES  ESC: ABORT
                                              C-10

-------
DESIGN: CHEMICAL ADDITION
Ability to Feed. Coagulant
Typ« of Coagulant Mixer
Coagulant Aid Necessary
Flocculation/Filtratlon Aid Necessary
Other Chemicals Necessary
Addition of Disinfection Application Points
Chemical Feeders Adjustable
Chemical Feed Rate Measurable
Disinfectant Feeder Backup Unit












FltHELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-ll

-------
                                   OPERATIONAL   Page 1
Backwash Determination
Chemical Application
Coagulant Application
Distribution System
Filters Adequately Washed
Filter Bumping
Filter Started Dirty
Flow Reduction Prior to Backwashing
0 & H Manual Adequacy
O & M Manual Ose
Filter Media in Backwash Water Troughs
Operational Technical Guidance
Operational Time Between Backwashing (hr)
Turbidity o£ Filtered Water After Start-OP
Chemical Dosages Match Hydraulic Flow
 FlrHELP   F5:KEEP DATA &  GO TO MAIM MENU   FB:CLEAR FIELD   FlOtCHOICES  ESC: ABORT
                                    OPERATIONAL   Page 2
 Wrong Chemical Application Points
 F1:HELP   FSrKEEP DATA t GO TO MAIN MENU   F8:CLEAR FIELD   F10;CHOICES  ESC;
                                                                               ABORT
                                           C-12

-------
OPERATIONAL: PROCESS CONTROL Page 1
Raw Water Turbidity Testing
Sedimentation Basin/Reactor Clarifier Turbidity
Form of Filtered Water Turbidity Testing
Finished Water Turbidity Testing
Individual Filter Effluent Turbidity Testing
Individual Filter Sample Taps
Coagulation Testing
Jar Test
Validity of Jar Test
Streaming Current Monitor
Validity of Streaming Current Monitor
Zeta Potential
Validity of Zeta Potential Test
Pilot Filter
Validity of Pilot Filter


















P1:HELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU P8: CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESCs ABORT
OPERATIONAL: PROCESS CONTROL Page 2
Alkalinity Used
Raw Water pH Testing
Finished Water pH Testing
pH Tests Valid
Raw Water Alkalinity Test
Finished Water Alkalinity Test
Alkalinity Tests Valid
jtetal Salt Use
Disinfectant Residual in Finished Water Testing
Disinfectant Residual in Pre-Filtration Water
Fluoride Use
Fluoride Facility Design
Fluoride Residual Monitored
Percent Solids in Reactor Clarifier
Sludge Blanket Depth in Reactor Clarifier


















FlrHELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8 : CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC: ABOHT
C-13

-------
                            OPERATIONAL: PROCESS CONTROL   Page 3
Validity o£ Turbidimeter(s)
Kaw Hater Calcium Tasting
Saw Hater Hardness Testing
Finished Water Calcium Testing
finished Hater Hardness Testing
 P1:HELP    P5:XEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU   F8:CLEAR FIELD   F10:CHOICES  ESC; ABORT
                                             C-14

-------
MAINTENANCE
No Maintenance Problems Indicated




PI: HELP P5:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MEND P8:CLEAR FIELD P10 sCHOICES ESCs ABORT
C-15

-------

-------
      APPENDIX D
DWTP ADVISOR TUTORIAL
          D-l

-------

-------
                 Tutorial for the
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor
                       for
   Comprehensive Performance Evaluations
       of Small Water Treatment Systems

                    Prepared by:

               Process Applications, Inc.
            2627 Redwing Road, Suite 340
                Fort Collins, CO 80526

                       and

          Technology Transfer Support Division
  National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
            26 West Martin Luther King Drive
                Cincinnati, OH 45268
                Under subcontract to:

             Eastern Research Group, Inc.
                110 Hartwell Avenue
              Lexington, MA 02173-3198

                      D-3

-------

-------
                                INTRODUCTION
       The basis of the DWTP Advisor is the Composite Correction Program (CCP)
developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Process Applications, Inc.
CCP is a two-part process consisting of an evaluation phase called a Comprehensive
Performance Evaluation (CPE) and a correction phase called Comprehensive Technical
Assistance (CTA). This program models the CPE portion of the CCP.

       CCP is a comprehensive, systematic approach for assessing the root causes of
performance problems at existing surface supplied filtration plants. It is comprehensive
in that it identifies the unique combination of factors in the areas of design, operation,
maintenance, and administration that are preventing optimized performance. Specific
guidance on use of CCP for achieving optimized performance is provided in U.S. EPA's
CCP Handbook - Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite
Correction Program (EPA 625/6-91/027).  •

      A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Plant A is being conducted using
the DWTP Advisor.  Field data has been collected and Form C of the data collection
forms has been completed. Attached you will find basic facility information, appropriate
parts of Form C, and criteria for major unit process evaluation (see first attachment -
Design Data). A report of CPE Observations for Factors Meeting is also attached.

      Specifically, this tutorial is designed  to allow you to utilize DWTP Advisor, using
the data in these attachments, to develop a performance potential graph to determine if
the plant unit processes are Type 1, 2, or 3.
                                      D-5

-------

-------
                 Tutorial for the
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor
                       for
   Comprehensive Performance Evaluations
       of Small Water Treatment Systems
                    Prepared by:

               Process Applications, Inc.
             2627 Redwing Road, Suite 340
                Fort Collins, CO 80526

                       and

          Technology Transfer Support Division
  National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
            26 West Martin Luther King Drive
                Cincinnati, OH 45268
                 Under subcontract to:

             Eastern Research Group, Inc.
                 110 Hartwell Avenue
              Lexington, MA 02173-3198

                        D-7

-------
                                 PLANT A
 Facility Information

 Water Treatment Plant A serves a rural community of approximately 10,000
 people.  The plant was completed in 1975 and financed with an FHA loan.  The
 plant is owned and operated by the community. The water use is all residential
 and commercial since there is no significant industry in the community.

 The plant was designed to treat  5.0 MGD. Normally during the year the plant is
 operated at the 5.0 MGD rate for periods of time ranging from 5 to  12 hours.
 However, during summer months there are typically several times of up to five
 days in length when the plant operates at 5.0 MGD for a 1 6-hour period. During
 these periods, storage within the system has been adequate to prevent any
 water shortages, even though the plant is not operated 24 hours each day.

 Plant A treats water from  Batman Creek, which provides an adequate supply of
 water.  However, raw water turbidities can be as high as 100 during spring run-
 off. The water supply is generally of good quality and has not had any
 significant organics detected during annual sampling.

 The plant will be required to meet the Surface Water Treatment and Coliform
 rules. The plant is used for turbidity or particulate removal and is not used as a
 softening plant.
Raw Water Quality Information
Water Source:
Minimum Water Temperature:
Maximum pH:
Minimum pH:
Turbidity:.
     Batman Creek
         0.5°C
          8.0
          7.5
See attached Figures 1-7.
Raw Water Transmission Line

 Intake structure is located in the river.  There is 100 feet of 24-inch diameter
 pipe from the intake structure to the raw water pumps.  The plant flow rate is
 controlled by an automatic valve which can be set by the operating staff from
 the control room.
7/28/95
                                  D-8
                                                             PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC

-------
                                        FORMC
                                     DESIGN DATA

  A. PLANT FLOW DIAGRAM (Attach if available; include solids handling and chemical feed points.)
                                                        5uS£AAJATAfJT
B. FLOW DATA
   Design Row
      Average Daily Flow
   Maximum Hydraulic Capacity    7T5~
Operating Flow
   Peak Instantaneous Operating Flow _
.mgdx 3,785=
.mgdx 3,785=

.mgdx 3,785=
_m3/d
 m3/d
                                                                                m3/d
                                    D-9
   7/31/95
                                                                PAI  MAJOR-WS.DOC

-------
                                  FORM C (com.)
                                  DESIGN DATA
 C. UNIT PROCESSES
Row Stream Measured
 Raw Water:
                                FLOW MEASUREMENT
Meter Type
                  Calibration Frequency
                                                                    Comments
                 Se^ni -
 Finished Water:
Backwash:
                 S&mi-
Backwash Recycle:
Other (designate):
/(//A
Accuracy Check during CPE (describe):

                                        D-10
        7/31/95
                                                                  PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC

-------
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
     Row Stream Pumped
  Flow Control Method (describe):
                              s
    Flow Stream Pumped
  Flow Control Method (describe):
                                   FORM C (cont.)
                                   DESIGN DATA
       PUMPING
         Type
        Type
                                                        No. of Pumps  Rated Capacity
                                                        No. of Pumps  Rated Capacity
    Flow Stream Pumped
               ^A/-
 Flow Control Method (describe):
     r
Flow Stream Pumped
 Flow Control Method (describe):
?//?(£.
       Type
                           No. of Pumps  Rated Capacity
                                                          No. of Pumps  Rated Capacity
       7/31/95
                                         D-ll
                                                                     PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC

-------
                                   FORM C (cont.)

                                   DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
   Flocculation:
                                    FLOCCULATION
      Type (e.g., paddle wheel, turbine, hydraulic).
     Control (e.g., constant speed or variable speed).
     Stages (sketch below):

                 SURFACE
STAGE/BASIN   DIMENSIONS     DEPTH
                                                 //y/-#//? <2-
                                             VOLUME   HORSEPOWER   G VALUE
O /* * /ff /O /&>.230 ao/ /•$ /a? M*y
'J2 /& X /S" /^ /£.X30~#<,/ /,S
(-3 A5~ * /5" /O /L xj& %
-------
                                  FORM C (cont.)
                                  DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
xiimAntaHnn Pasin«r SEDIMENTATION
Number of Basins £
Water Depth (Shallowest) /2.
Water Depth (Deepest) 72.
Weir Location /^ esicf
Weir Length /29^ eacJi 60s//\
Total Surface Area ^~ V& O
Total Volume /4C #OO
Total Volume -stf# ?0 ^
Flow:
(Design) «JT^
(Operating)* ,57 ^
Detention Time:
(Design) 2<3
Weir Overflow Rate:
(Design) 25~,&OO
(Operating) ^dOO
Surface Settling Rate:
(Design) <^^ ^j/' .^^ «5^^//^/
-------
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
FORM C (cont.)
DESIGN DATA

   FILTRATION
Type of Filters (sand, mixed media, dual
/1/jCff Wedf
Mi imber of Filters ,?
Media Characteristics:
MEDIA TYPE DEPTH (in.)
media, pressure gravity, etc.)
Surface Dimensions /#
UNIFORMITY EFFECTIVE
COEFFICIENT SIZE

* /X
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
jQsrMract'-fe 34 /'*J /&• /'*- fl,S£ 2,&
*

Total Surface Area ^712.
Filtration Rate:
(Design) ^ ^
(Operatina) ^, &
ft2 x 0.093=
aDm/ft2 x 58.7=
aDm/ft2 x 58.7=
m2
m3/m2/d
m3/m2/d
Filter Control (e.g., constant rate, declining rate, constant level, etc.):
Available Headless J 	
Surface Wash:
Type (e.g.. rotary, fixed, manual)
Water Flow Rate 3 9C>
Surface Wash. Rate - ^
Duration (Operating) 	 "
Backwash:
Water Wash Rate:
flDesian) £.&
TOoeratina) /«^"~ "26
Duration:
(Desian) £. & •
Air Wash Rate:
(Desian) ~
(Operating)
'fix 0.305=
*.**« *«
aom x 0^3=
aom/tt2 x 58.7=
min
com/ft^ 58.7=
aDm/ft?x58.7=
min (Operatina) /m)0'
scfm/ft2 x 0.3=
scfm/ft2 x 0.3=
m

m3/hr
m3/m2/d
m3/m2/d
m3/m2/d
"«A • /A min
m3/m2/min
m3/m2/min
       7/31/95
                                     D-14
                                                              PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC

-------
                                     FORM C (com.)
                                     DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
   Control/Operating Problems:
      Mud Balls:
      Dirty Media:
      Uneven Media:
      Backwash Rate Control/Procedure (e.g., gradual start/stop):
      Fitter Rate Control/Procedure (e.g., gradual changes):
          " /0sa6/e'H kWS  /zcfitfftf dy  2«v-fe/-/y
     Hydraulic Loading during Backwash (e.g., reduce flow to remaining filters?):
     Air Bubbles during Backwash:
                                          AI
            fe. /Qr/'0s* 7^  M?X?/-  ao//(a  oi/er
              -             '
     Surface Wash Control/Procedure:

Other:
                             Sr
                               o/n
                                                      fa/  7^^ /V/eS
     Availability of Sample Taps (e.g., backwash and individual filters):
                                                     'et,-    72.
7/31/95
                                     D-15
                                                                                    
-------
                          FORM C (cont.)
                           DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)


   Contact Basin(s) (e.g., clearwell):

       BASIN NO.
                               DISINFECTION
               SURFACE
              DIMENSIONS
DEPTH
  VOLUME

37 V. OOP
                                           j 74 000
                                               1
                                                                 CHANNEL
                                                                LENGTH TO
                                                                  WIDTH
                                             min
                       6*
               min
 Total Volume
 Detention Time:
    (Theoreticai)(a).
    (Functional)^ .
    (a)  Detention time based on total available volume and peak instantaneous operating flow.
    ^  Detention time based on evaluation of operating variables such as basin baffling, minimum
       operating depth, and transmission line length to first user. Utilize the table below to determine
       the factor to be multiplied by the actual volume to accommodate baffling consideration.   .
 dssunpiiotf: WfMM.fyer##<\94e&ft.-  ^fifccAVe ^^J^cfyr^-7t/   />/* -
FACTORS TO DE^ERM^ IFFECTWE VOLUME^FROM ACTUAL VOLUME BASED^ON BAFFLING'
                             CHARACTERISTICS (REGLI)
Baffling Condition
Unbaffled
Poor
Average
Superior
Excellent
Factor
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
Baffling Description
None, agitated basin, high inlet.and outlet flow velocities
variable water level.
Single or multiple unbaffled inlets and outlets,
no intrabasin baffles.
Baffled inlet or outlet with some intra-basin baffling; may
used for existing floe/sedimentation basins when
calculating prechlorination.

i

be
Perforated inlet baffle, serpentine or perforated intrabasin
baffles, outlet weir or perforated weir.
Serpentine baffling throughout basin.

7/31/95
                                  D-16
                                                             PAI  MAJOR-WS.DOC

-------
                   EVALUATION OF CHLORINATION CAPABILITY



 For CT calculation, use the following:

      Water temp =      0.5 °C

      pH =               7.5

      3.0 log reduction of Giardia required based on raw water quality.

      Allow 2.5 log reduction in plant:

          From Appendix A in Handbook, CT = 50.5 for 3.0 - 2.5 = 0.5 log reduction
          required @ T = 0.5 °C, pH = 7.5, free chlorine residual = 2.5 mg/L*.

      *Maximum chlorine residual acceptable to community is 2.5 mg/L free chlorine.


 •   Clearwell is unbaffled, but evaluation indicates operating staff could install
    redwood baffling to increase baffling factor from 0.1 to 0.7

 •   No tracer test has been done on the clearwell.

 •   There are 200 ft of  24-inch diameter pipe to the first tap.  There is a small
    hydropneumatic tank in the plant to maintain water pressure and CT for plant
    potable water.

 •   Chlorine is added in one place, in the pipeline just prior to the clearwell.

 •   Clearwell basins are covered.
                                  D-17
8/8/95 .
                                                           .  PAI  MAJOR-WS.DOC

-------
Q
Q
CQ
en
ID
cc
LJJ
<
CC
                            D-18
                                               FIGURE 1

-------
.LLJ

DC
Z>
o
CQ
CQ
O
DC
CL
Q
CQ
DC
                              o
                              T
O
en
                          D-19
                                             FIGURE 2

-------
 Q
 Q

 CQ
 or

 h-
 cc
 LLJ
Q
LU
LJJ
CO
           N^S/
           Ci
           r-J
                          (AIM
                              D-20
FIGURES

-------
 LLJ

 or
 ID
 O
 QQ
 O
 or
Q
CQ
DC
                           D-21
                                             FIGURE 4

-------
 Q
 Q
 CQ
 or

 I—
 cc
 LU
Q
LLI
or
LU
LL.
                               en
                               o
                         (riLM
                             D-22
                                                FIGURES

-------
D-23
                     FIGURE 6

-------
tA
                                      ^
                                      ^mHK^mTn^mTmimi 111 i 1111
                                                                             ':^ir:'>'•'<.••*.'•"•::"'.. -.• -

                                                                             ;-.:£;£•••: ;^!^.=; ••'•  :


                                                                              •____ *•»• * . • •'•'. ,.' •"• •. * •.

                                                                               •'"'  '"'  ' *   * "
                                                                                FIGURE 1
                                            V-2A

-------
                 Tutorial for the
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor
                       for
   Comprehensive Performance Evaluations
       of Small Water Treatment Systems
                    Prepared by:

               Process Applications, Inc.
             2627 Redwing Road, Suite 340
                Fort Collins, CO 80526

                       and

          Technology Transfer Support Division
  National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
            26 West Martin Luther King Drive
                Cincinnati, OH 45268
                Under subcontract to:

             Eastern Research Group, Inc.
                110 Hartwell Avenue
              Lexington, MA 02173-3198
                       D-25

-------

-------
 CPE Observations For Factors Meeting
 The following observations were made during the CPE:
 •   An interview with the Town Manager revealed that the water system admin-
    istrators had a working knowledge of the system.  The town has developed a
    five-year capital improvements plan, and administrators are working to imple-
    ment it.  The plant was constructed with an FHA loan, and bond payments
    represent over 50 percent of the  operating budget. The bond payment puts
    a strain on available funds for operating and maintaining the water system.

 •   Certified operators are required for operation of surface water treatment
    plants in the state, and all operators are certified at the required level.  Each
    year a different operator attends the week-long "water school" put on by the
    state.  Operators are paid at a level slightly above the average for the area.
    The work environment is very good as the plant is well maintained and has
    excellent office and lab facilities.

 •   The number  of staff is adequate for the length of time that the plant is
    staffed, which is one 8-hour shift each day. However, the plant is operated
    for several hours each day and often on  weekends without staff present.
    The plant superintendent feels that the plant should be staffed when it is in
    operation, but the City Manager and Public Works Director say it would
    require too many operators and be too expensive.  The workload is
    distributed adequately between maintenance and operation tasks.

•   Water demands are average for a  plant in this area, and additional conserva-
    tion methods do not appear  to be required.

•   Watershed management appears sufficient, and the river intake structure is
    adequate.  The raw water pumps  are constant speed, but do not cause
    hydraulic surges on the plant because an  influent flow valve controls the
                                 D-27
7/31/95
                                                              PAI OBSERV.DOC

-------
    flow to a rate selected by the operators at the control panel. Flow is evenly
    distributed to the parallel flow trains in the plant.

•   Backwash water is recycled back to the head of the plant just prior to the
    rapid mix. (Recycle streams are legal in the state where the facility is
    located.) The recycle stream impacts performance because the backwash
    recovery system does not allow enough settling time to reduce the turbidity
    of the returning water during times of the year when raw  water turbidities
    are  high. The recycled water returns at about 5 NTU during the high tur-
    bidity times when filters are backwashed frequently.  Recycle quantity is also
    high because of constant speed pumps.  Recycle flows are about 2 MGD,
    which is 40 percent of the influent raw water flow at 5 MGD.

•   Sludge supernatant is recycled back to the head of the plant.  During periods
    of high flow rate and turbidity the supernatant averages about 10 NTU.

•   The filters appear adequate.  Filter probing revealed level support gravels and
    adequate sand and anthracite in the filters. Backwash rate  and bed expan-
    sion were excellent, and the filters were being well cleaned during the  back-
    wash.  The filter rate controllers were also functioning.

•   Adequate sample taps are available to sample process streams.  Sludge
    handling facilities are adequate, and the sludge is ultimately disposed of in a
    landfill owned and operated by the County.
•   Chemical feed facilities for coagulants,  chlorine, stabilization chemicals, and
    fluoride are easily measured and remain stable once set.  There are no facili-
    ties available to feed a coagulant aid polymer or flocculant or filter aid  poly-
    mer.  It appears that both products could improve performance of the  plant if
    properly applied.
                                  D-28
 8/8/95
                                                                PAI OBSERV.DOC

-------
    The water treatment plant is operated mostly manually since there are few
    automated systems. The manual controls function well and do not impact
    plant performance.

    The plant superintendent indicated that plant performance was pretty good
    during the dry months of May through October, but when turbidities
    increased during the wet time of the year performance was difficult to
    maintain. A jar test apparatus was available but was not used to set coagu-
    lant dose. The coagulant dose was set based on operating experience.
    When asked, none of the operating staff could demonstrate how to set up a
    stock solution for the jar test.

    Plant performance data and special study results are shown in Figures 1
    through 7.

    Plant chemical feeds are not adjusted when plant flow rates change. There
    is little indication that the coagulant is changed when raw water turbidity
    changes.

    The chemical feeders were calibrated when the plant was originally placed in
    operation. The operating staff said the alum was being fed at a dose of
    40 mg/L.  The output from the feed pump was collected for one minute in a
    graduated cylinder.  The special study revealed that the alum  feed was
    actually 100 mg/L rather than the 40 mg/L reported dose.

    Filters are backwashed based on time and headloss rather than turbidity.
    Filters are generally operated about 80 hours between washes.  On-line
    turbidimeters and  strip charts indicated that filter turbidities often exceeded
    0.5 NTU before a  filter was washed.  After a filter is returned to service,
    turbidities often exceed 1 NTU for up to an hour (up to 3 NTU for the first
    20 minutes).
                                 D-29
8/8/95
                                                              PAI  OBSERV.DOC

-------
•   When a filter is removed from service for washing, flow to the plant is

    reduced to eliminate hydraulic surges on the remaining filters.  However,

    each day when the  plant is started, the filters are not washed but are  started

    dirty because that is the way the plant has always been operated.  Once
    filters are in  service they are not "bumped" to remove air or to partially clean.

•   Process control testing includes the following:
       Raw water turbidity:
       Settled water turbidity:
       Finished water turbidity:
       Finished water CI2 residual:
       Alkalinity (raw and finished):
       pH (raw and finished):
       Fluoride:
       Jar test:
Daily
Once/shift
Continuous on each filter
Continuous
Weekly
Daily
Daily
Available but not conducted
    All testing is conducted accurately except for the jar test, which staff does

    not know how to perform.

    Plant maintenance is excellent.  There are standby units for all important

    equipment in the plant.
                                  D-30
7/31/95
                                                                PAI OBSERV.DOC

-------
                 Tutorial for the
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor
                       for
   Comprehensive Performance Evaluations
       of Small Water Treatment Systems
                    Prepared by:

               Process Applications, Inc.
             2627 Redwing Road, Suite 340
                Fort Collins, CO 80526

                       and

          Technology Transfer Support Division
  National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
            26 West Martin Luther King Drive
                Cincinnati, OH 45268
                Under subcontract to:

             Eastern Research Group, Inc.
                 110 Hartwell Avenue
              Lexington, MA 02173-3198

                       D-31

-------

-------
                            MANUAL CALCULATIONS
  To determine whether the major unit processes are Type 1, 2, or 3, a

  performance potential graph (PPG) must be prepared. The PPG for Plant A is

  shown below. The calculations supporting the development of the graph are also
  presented.
                           Performance Potential Graph

                             Water Treatment Plant A
FloccuUtfon (1)
HOT (min)
SadJmwtHlon (2)
SOR(jpmm2)
Filtration (3)
Rate (spnVR2)
Disinfection (4)
Contract lima (mln)
Plant Row (MGO)
01 234 56
1
TVP«1 '
1
TVpe3 J
«
Typ»1

unbaJIM 1Vpa3 |

bafflad 1VP«1






10%




<^ |

/ 1
L '
< 1
Peak Instanlaneoua
Operating Flow > 5.0 MGO
                                                      Peak InstantaiMout operating
                                                      flow can be reduced to 4.3 MGDl
                                                      making al unit procoHi typa I
                                                      V operating tlma to Ineraasad to
                                                      14 noun.
Comments:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Rated at 20 min HOT — 7.3 MGD (see calculations attached)
Rated at 0.6 gpm/ft2 — 4.4 MGD (see calculations attached)
Rated at 5.0 gpm/ft2 — 7.0 MGD (see calculations attached)
Rated at 20 mm HOT — 2.2 MGD unbaffled (see calculations attached)
Rated at 20 mm HOT— 13.3 MGD baffled (see calculations attached)
                                   D-33
7/31/95
                                                                PAI  MAN-CAL.DOC

-------
A.  FLOCCULATION BASIN EVALUATION

The flocculation basins were rated at a hydraulic detention time of 20 minutes
because the flocculation system has desirable flexibility (e.g., three stages with
each stage equipped with variable speed flocculators).
Flocculation Basin Rated Capacity:

   Basin Volume     = 2 basins x  15 x  45 x  10  x  7.48 gal/ft3

                    = 100,980 gallons


   Select 20-minute detention time to determine peak rated capacity.


   Rated Capacity    = 100,980 gal/20 minutes

                                      1 MGD
                    =  5,049 gpm x  694.4 gpm


                    =  7.3 MGD


The 20-minute detention time results in a rated capacity of 7.3 MGD.  Therefore,
the flocculation system is rated Type 1 because the 7.3 MGD exceeds the peak
instantaneous plant flow of 5.0 MGD.


B.   SEDIMENTATION BASIN EVALUATION

The sedimentation basins were rated at 0.6 gpm/ft2 surface overflow rate. This
mid-range criteria was selected because of marginal performance during peak
run-off events.


Sedimentation Basin Rated Capacity:

     Basin Surface Area        =  2 basins x  85 x  30

                              =  5,100ft2
                                  D-34
 7/31/95
                                                              PAI MAN-CAL.DOC

-------
     Select 0.6 gpm/ft2 surface overflow rate to determine peak rated capacity.
     Rated Capacity
  =  5,100ft2 x  .6 gpm/ft2

                       1 MGD
                           =  3,060 gpm x     694.4 gpm
                           =  4.4 MGD


 The 0.6 gpm/ft2 overflow rate results in a rated capacity of 4.4 MGD.  The
 sedimentation basins are rated Type 3 because the 4.4 MGD rating falls below
 the range of 10 percent of the 5 MGD peak instantaneous operating flow. If
 plant operating time is increased to 14 hours, the peak instantaneous operating
 flow can be reduced to 4.4 MGD, making the sedimentation basin Type 1.


 C.   FILTER EVALUATION

 The filters were rated at 5 gpm/ft2 filtration rate because they were dual-media
 with adequate washing capability.
Filter Rated Capacity:

   Filter Area
=  3 filters x  18 x  18
=  972ft2
   Select 5 gpm/ft  to determine peak rated capacity.

   Rated Capacity        = 972 ft2 x  5 gpm/ft2

                                             1 MGD
                         = 4,860 gpm  x  694.4 gpm

                         = 7.0 MGD
The 5 gpm/ft2 rate results in a rated capacity of 7.0 MGD.  The filters were rated
Type 1 because 7.0 MGD exceeds the peak instantaneous operating flow of
5.0 MGD.
                                 D-35
7/31/95
                                                             PAI MAN-CAL.DOC

-------
D.   DISINFECTION PROCESS EVALUATION

The disinfection system was evaluated based on post disinfection capability only
since pre-chlorination was not practiced at Plant A.


Post-Disinfection System Rated Capacity:

1.  Determine required Giardia log reduction based on raw water quality.   Select
    3.0 log reduction, based on a protected watershed.

2.  Determine CT based on minimum water temperature and maximum treated
    water pH.

    From plant records select: T  =  0.5 °C
                                    pH  =7.5

3.  Determine log reduction required.

    Allow 2.5 log reduction because plant is  conventional  facility in reasonable
    condition with a minimum Type 2 rating in previous unit processes.

    Log reduction required = 3.0  -  2.5  =  0.5
4.  Determine CT required for 1.5 log reduction of Giardia at pH = 7.5;

    T  = 0.5 °C; free chlorine residual = 2.5 mg/L.

    From Appendix A in Handbook CT = 50.5.
 5.  Determine required contact time based on  maximum free chlorine residual
    that can be maintained.

    Select maximum CI2 residual of 2.5 mg/L.
     Required contact time  =
                                  50.5
                                2.5 mg/L
                                20 min
                                  D-36
 7/31/95
                                                              PAI  MAN-CAL.DOC

-------
 6.  Determine clearwell (contact basin) required to calculate peak rated capacity
     based on an unbaffled condition.

     a.   Functional basin volume =  50 x 50 x 14 x 0.1 * x 7.48

                               =  26,180 gallons

     *Basin is not baffled so use effective volume factor of 0.1 and 14' minimum
     operating depth.
     b.  Pipeline volume  =  200 ft x
_TT       7.48 gal      , -,«.-   .
_*_ x    	v aai   _  4;7QO gal
4           ft3
     c.  Total functional volume  = 4,700 + 26,180 = 30,880
 7.  Determine rated capacity:

    Rated Capacity    =    30,880 gal
                             20 min
                      =   1,544 gpm x
                          2.2 mgd
  1 MGD
694.4 gpm
     The 20-minute DT results in a rated capacity of 2.2 MGD.  The disinfection
     system was rated Type 3 because 2.2 MGD is lower than the peak
     instantaneous plant flow of 5.0 MGD.

8.  Determine rated capacity based on adding baffling to the clearwell.

    a.   Determine functional basin volume with baffles.

        Functional basin volume   =  50 x 50 x 14 x 0.7 x 7.48

                                =  183,260 gallons

    b.   Pipeline volume  - 4,700 gallons
                                 D-37
7/31/95
                                                             PAI MAN-CAL.DOC

-------
    c.  Total functional volume   =  4,700 + 183,260

                               =  187,960

     *Basin with baffles could have an effective volume factor of 0.7 and 14 ft
      minimum operating depth.

9.  Determine rated capacity with baffles:

                       187.960 gallons
    Rated capacity  =
                          20 min
                   = 9,398 gpm x
                   =  13.5 MGD
                                      1 MGD
                                     694.4 gpm
                                  D-38
7/31/95
                                                             PAI MAN-CAL.DOC

-------