~s r
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Research and
Development
Washington DC 20460
EPA/625/R-96/002
September 1996
Drinking Water Treatment
Plant
User Documentation
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Drinking Water
Treatment Plant
(DWTP) Advisor
FINAL
Version 1.3
June 1996
To install, run a:\install (or b:\install)
Installation details are in Chapter 2 of the User Document
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
ATTENTION i
1 INTRODUCTION TO THE DWTP Advisor 1
1.0 Introduction 1
1.1 Problem Definition 1
1.1.1 Evaluation of Major Unit Processes \1
1.1.2 Assessment of Plant Performance 2
1.1.3 Identification and Prioritization of Performance-Limiting
Factors 2
1.1.4 Development of the DWTP Advisor 2 .
1.2 Technical Information 3
1.2.1 Hardware Requirements 3
1.2.2 Memory Requirements and Memory Configuration 3
1.2.3 Software Specifications 10
1.2.4 Contents of the System 11
1.2.5 Conventions Used in this User Documentation 11
2 GETTING STARTED , 13
2.0 Introduction 13
2.1 Installing the DWTP Advisor 13
2.1.1 Making a Backup Copy 13
2.1.2 Installation Procedures 13
2.2 Starting the System 13
2.3 Windows, Menus, and Function Keys 14
2.3.1 Windows 14
2.3.2 Menus 14
2.3.3 Command Line 15
2.4 The Main Menu 15
2.5 The Configuration Screen 16
2.6 Data Entry Forms 16
2.6.1 Data Entry Form Windows 17
2.6.2 Data Entry Form Command Line 18
2.7 Single Answer Format 18
ill
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
SECTION PAGE
3 MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATION 19
3.0 Introduction 19
3.1 The Drinking Water Treatment Plant Configuration Screen 19
3.1.1 Performance Potential Graph 19
3.1.2 DWTP Configuration Screen Command Line 19
3.2 Major Unit Process Evaluations 20
3.3 Data Entry 21
3.4 Report Generation 21
4 PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS 23
4.0 Introduction 23
4.1 The Performance-Limiting Factors Screen 23
4.1.1 Listing of PLFs 23
4.1.2 Performance-Limiting Factors Screen Command Line 24
4.2 Analyzing Performance-Limiting Factors 24
4.3 Data Entry 25
4.4 Report Generation 25
5 SAMPLE SESSION , 27
5.1 Loading the Example File 28
5.2 MUP Data Entry 28
5.3 Major Unit Process Evaluations 38
5.4 Corrective Considerations 40
5.5 PLF Data Entry 41
Appendix A DWTP Advisor Data Elements
Appendix B DWTP Advisor Sample Reports
Appendix C DWTP Advisor Sample Data Entry Sheets
Appendix D DWTP Advisor Tutorial
iv
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ATTENTION
The Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor and User Documentation are designed to assist personnel who
are responsible for improving the performance of existing water treatment plants in order to achieve compliance with
the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). The 'expert' information contained in the program's knowledge base
was obtained from knowledge engineering sessions with domain experts and from:
Interim Handbook: Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction
Program Approach, EPA/625/6-91/027.
The Interim Handbook describes methods to evaluate an existing facility's potential to achieve required performance,
and a process for systematically improving performance.
Although the DWTP Advisor is capable of producing assessments based upon the Comprehensive Performance
Evaluation (CPE) methodology, the most effective results will always be produced by experienced users who are
knowledgeable in the techniques and philosophy behind the methodology. Therefore, the DWTP Advisor should be
considered as part of an overall water treatment plant assessment consisting of the interim handbook listed above, the
DWTP Advisor, the DWTP User Documentation, and any Composite Correction Program (CCP) seminars and
training sessions.
To obtain a copy of the Interim Handbook: Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite
Correction Program Approach, fill in the form below and send it to:
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
Technology Transfer and Support Division
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
P.O. Box 19963
Cincinnati, OH 45219-0963
General information about the DWTP Advisor can be found on EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD)
can be found on EPA's Office of Research and Development's (ORD's) Bulletin Board (data lines: 513-569-7610 or
513-567-7700, voice line: 513-569-7272), and home page (http://www.epa.gov/ORD/).
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE DWTP ADVISOR
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor is a software application which has been designed to provide
assistance in the evaluation of drinking water treatment plants. Specifically, this program, which is based on the source
document Interim Handbook Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction Program
Approach, will assist personnel responsible for improving the performance of existing water treatment^plants in order to
achieve compliance with the Surface Water Treatment Rule (S WTR). The S WTR requirement is mat plant turbidity must
be less than 0.5 NTU 95% of the time.
1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Drinking Water has been given the responsibility by Congress
of regulating the nation's water systems to assure that they produce drinking water that protects the public's health. To meet
this objective, a large number of drinking water regulations are being promulgated and all public water systems are expected
to comply. EPA, therefore, is interested in finding cost-effective methods to achieve compliance with these regulations.
The DWTP Advisor was developed, in part, due to the success of the POTW Expert system and the Composite Correction
Program Approach. The POTW Expert is designed to identify probable factors that hinder an existing POTW facility's
ability to achieve optimum performance and/or capacity. It is modeled after the Composite Correction Program Approach.
Significant success has been achieved in improving performance at many wastewater treatment facilities, without major
capital improvements, using this approach. The approach consists of two phases: the Comprehensive Performance
Evaluation (CPE) phase and the Composite Correction Program (CCP) phase. A CPE is a thorough review and analysis
of a plant's design capabilities and associated administrative, operational, and maintenance practices. A CCP is the
performance improvement phase that is implemented if the results from the CPE indicate that improved performance can
be achieved.
A CPE involves the following activities which are described in the following sections:
Evaluation of Major Unit Processes
Assessment of Plant Performance
Identification and Prioritization of Performance-Limiting Factors
Assessment of Applicability of Follow-Up CCP
Reporting of Results
1.1.1 Evaluation of Major Unit Processes
The major unit process evaluation is an assessment of the potential of existing processes to handle peak instantaneous flow
(PIF) requirements. If the CPE indicates that the major unit processes are potentially adequate, a major plant upgrade or
expansion may not be necessary, and a properly conducted CCP should be implemented to optimize performance. If, on the
other hand, the CPE shows that major unit processes are inadequate, utility owners should consider modification of these
processes as the initial focus for achieving desired performance.
Evaluators use a system to rate each unit process and the overall site Type 1,2, or 3. Type 1 plants are those where a CPE
shows that current performance difficulties are not caused by limitations in size or capability of existing processes. In these
cases, it is likely that problems are related to plant operation, maintenance, or administration, and desired performance can
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usually be achieved through a CCP. Type 2 plants are those where marginal capacity of unit processes could potentially
prohibit a plant from achieving the desired performance level. For Type 2 facilities, implementation of a CCP would
probably lead to improved performance, but might not achieve required levels without modifications to the major treatment
units. Type 3 plants are those in which major unit processes are projected to be inadequate to provide the required capacity
for existing water demands. Major modifications are required to achieve compliance with applicable regulations.
1.1.2 Assessment of Plant Performance
The Performance Assessment step uses existing and on-site data evaluations to determine if unit process and total plant
performance have been optimized. Performance of each unit process (flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection)
is assessed to identify poorly performing unit processes and thus poorly performing plants, even though these facilities have
reported compliance with turbidity regulations. During the evaluation of plant data, laboratory quality control and sample
locations should be reviewed to ensure that proper sampling and analysis have provided data that are truly representative
of plant performance. To supplement existing plant data, special studies should be performed during a CPE. A typical
special study is a time versus turbidity profile conducted on filters before and after backwashing.
Another important aspect of the performance assessment is the determination of peak instantaneous operating flow rate. This
is the flow rate against which the capability of each major unit process is assessed during the major unit process evaluation.
It is also used to determine if plant performance can be improved by reducing the plant flow rate and extending the plant
operating time. This flow rate is identified through review of operating practices and flow control capability.
1.1.3 Identification and Prioritization of Performance-Limiting Factors
A significant aspect of any CPE is the identification of factors that limit the existing facility's performance. This step is
critical in defining the focus of follow-up efforts. Performance-limiting factors (PLFs) are divided into the broad categories
of administration, maintenance, design, and operation. After all performance-limiting factors are identified, they are
prioritized in order of their adverse effect on achievement of desired plant performance. This prioritization establishes the
sequence and/or emphasis of follow-up activities necessary to optimize facility performance.
Prioritization of factors is accomplished in a two-step process. First, all factors that have been identified are individually
assessed with regard to adverse impact on plant performance and assigned an "A", "B", or "C" rating. "A" factors are major
sources of performance deficiency and are the central focus of any subsequent improvement program. Factors are assigned
a "B" rating if they either routinely contribute to poor plant performance but are not the major problem, or, they cause a major
degradation of plant performance, but only on a periodic basis. Factors receive a "C" rating if they contribute to a
performance problem, but have minor effect. The second step of prioritizing factors is to list those receiving an "A" rating
in order of severity, followed by those receiving a "B" rating. "C" factors are not prioritized.
1.1.4 Development of the DWTP Advisor
The development of the DWTP Advisor grew from the idea that the Composite Correction Program approach might also
be applied to drinking water facilities. The State of Montana, with financial support from EPA Region 8, evaluated the
effectiveness of using the CCP approach at small water treatment facilities using surface water supplies. Nine CPEs and
three CCPs were completed. Each of the existing facilities at which CCPs were implemented were brought into consistent
compliance with the SWTR requirements for finished water turbidity, unproved performance was also achieved at plants
where only the CPE phase of the.program was completed.
The DWTP Advisor has as its major objective the improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of the Comprehensive
Performance Evaluation Methodology as applied to small water treatment facilities using surface water sources. It is used
to assist water treatment plant evaluators by assessing plant capacity and identifying possible performance-limiting factors.
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The system consists of two major components: Major Unit Process Evaluation and Performance-Limiting Factors, designed
to be used in that order. These modules are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, respectively.
1.2 TECHNICAL INFORMATION
1.2.1 Hardware Requirements
The DWTP Advisor requires an IBM AT or compatible computer with the following components:
A hard disk with at least 5.0 megabytes of free space
At least 550 Kilobytes of available conventional memory
A 3.5" high density floppy disk drive (1.4 MB)
DOS version 3.0 or higher
A printer (EPSON compatible) configured as system device PRN (optional)
1.2.2 Memory Requirements and Memory Configuration
DWTP Advisor requires 550 kilobytes of free conventional memory. This requirement is approximate, since individual PC
configurations can cause this amount to fluctuate. If you have just over 550 kilobytes of free conventional memory and are
unable to run DWTP Advisor, you may need to check your computer's memory configuration. If you are running MS-DOS
through Windows this may also affect the amount of available memory. If you have difficulty running DWTP Advisor from
DOS running under Windows, it is advised that you run DWTP without Windows loaded.
Given the prevalence of network drivers and other terminate-stay-resident (TSR) modules in DOS system configurations,
your system may not currently provide the free memory DWTP needs to run dependably. Conventional memory is the first
640 kilobytes of random access memory (RAM) available to the DOS operating system in an IBM-compatible PC. Most
PC's today are equipped with significantly more than 640 kilobytes of memory. Four, eight, sixteen, and even thirty-two
megabytes or more of total memory is common today, however, only the first 640 kilobytes of memory is known as
conventional memory; the remaining memory is either "extended" or "expanded", and is sometimes called "upper" or "high"
memory. DOS applications must use conventional memory for at least some aspects of program execution, while upper
memory can be used if available. Therefore, an application may have specific requirements of conventional memory in
addition to overall total RAM requirements. DWTP, as stated above, requires 550 kilobytes of conventional memory to be
available.
To check the amount of available conventional memory, run the DOS command MEM (type "MEM" at the DOS prompt,
and press ENTER). The amount of free conventional memory is displayed in a chart on the screen (the "free" column of the
"conventional" row reports the number of "K", where K stands for kilobytes). If your version of DOS does not provide the
MEM command, you may run CHKDSK. Near the end of the output you will see a number of "bytes free", which is the
amount of free conventional memory. Note that a kilobyte is 1024 bytes. If you find that you have at least 550 kilobytes of
free conventional memory, your system will run DWTP without modification of your memory configuration, and you need
not read further in this section. If you have less than 550 kilobytes of conventional memory, however, you will need to modify
your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files in order to configure your PC to provide sufficient conventional RAM for
DWTP Advisor.
Three approaches to modifying your PC configuration are discussed in this section:
If you have DOS 6.0 (or better), you can set up your PC for multiple configurations using the DOS CONFIG.SYS
menu feature, which is explained below in Section 1.2.2.1. You can set up your system so that a menu is displayed
at system startup. From the menu, you can select to configure for DWTP or configure as you do currently. Template
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files are provided to assist you in implementing this approach. If your PC
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is equipped with DOS 6.0 (or better) and you anticipate using DWTP Advisor fairly frequently, this may be the
best option.
If you have cay version of DOS up to DOS 5, the CONFIG.SYS menu feature is not available. Instead, DOS batch
files can be used to access either DWTP or your current versions of CONFIG. SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT in order
to boot your system for running DWTP or other applications. This approach is detailed in Section 1.2.2.2. Working
template files are provided to assist you in implementing this configuration swapping scheme.
If you arefamiliarwith configuring RAM for a PC system, you may be able to free enough memory in your current
configuration by modifying your usage of terminate-stay-resident software. This approach is beyond the scope of
this manual, but is noted here for completeness. If you currently have nearly 550 kilobytes of free conventional
memory, you may end up with one configuration that satisfies your current DOS applications and DWTP, thus
avoiding having a menu to respond to every time you restart your system, or having to swap configuration files.
The CONFIG.SYS template files provided for the first two approaches assume that you can use EMM386 as a memory
manager. AT and 286 class machines can not utilize EMM386. If you are using such a machine, edit the CONFIG.SYS
files to remove the EMM386 command.
1.2.2.1
Using a Multiple Configuration for Systems Equipped with DOS 6.0 (or Better)
If your PC is equipped with DOS 6.0 (or better), you can take advantage of the multiple configuration feature, which allows
you to define one configuration for DWTP and another (or several) for other DOS applications that you use. You will have
to edit your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files in order to implement a multiple configuration for your system. After
you install DWTP, you will find CONFIG.D6 and AUTOEXEC.D6 files in the DWTP directory. These are provided as
templates to assist you. The contents of these files are shown and explained below.
Please note that you will find a full discussion of multiple configuration commands and syntax in your DOS manual and also
in the oo-line DOS help available via the "HELP" command in DOS. The contents of CONFIG.D6 are as follows:
CONFIG.D6:
[menu]
menuitem=DWTP, DWTP Configuration
menuitem=Standard, Your Standard Configuration
menucolor=15,l
menudefault=Standard,20
[Common]
PWTP]
STACKS=9,256
files=100
BUFFERS=41
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /V
DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM /VERBOSE
DOS=high,umb
[Standard]
End CONFIG.D6
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The. [menu] item indicates that the definition of a configuration menu follows. The menuitem entries specify the internal
name (DWTP and Standard) and the menu item text displayed on the screen (DWTP Configuration and Your Standard
Configuration). Menucolor defines the foreground and background colors for the menu, using the standard DOS color index
codes. Menudefault indicates that the Standard option is the default value, and will be highlighted when the menu is
displayed. If 20 seconds elapses without any action by the user, the Standard configuration will be activated.
The [Common] block includes any CONFIG.SYS commands that apply to both the DWTP and the Standard configurations.
The [DWTP] block includes any CONFIG.SYS commands that are only appropriate for the DWTP configuration. The
commands suggested in CONFIG.D6 may be used, since HIMEM.SYS and EMM386.EXE are standard DOS memory
drivers. Upper memory cannot generally be utilized by DOS applications unless memory managers are loaded. HTMEM.S YS
is an extended memory manager, and EMM386.EXE provides access to upper memory and uses extended memory to
simulate expanded memory. The DOS-high,umb command loads portions of the operating system shell
(COMMAND.COM) into upper memory in order to maximize free conventional memory. These drivers and commands are
detailed in the DOS manual and in DOS on-line help (via the HELP command). If you are familiar with these memory drivers
(or another memory manager such as Quarterdeck's QEMM), you may wish to modify or substitute commands in the DWTP
block. There are many configurations that will provide 550 kilobytes of free conventional memory.
The [Standard] block includes commands that are appropriate for your standard configuration. No commands are shown
in CONFIG.D6 because you must supply commands from your current CONFIG.SYS file in order to setup your standard
configuration. Note that commands that are found to be common to both DWTP and the standard configuration may be
moved to the [common] block.
The contents of AUTOEXEC.D6 are shown below:
AUTOEXEC.D6;
@echo off
rem Place commands that should execute for both the DWTP configuration
rem and your standard configuration in this first block:
rem command 1
rem command 2
rem command...
rem command...
rem command N
rem Smartdrive makes swapping memory to disk faster:
loadhigh C:\WINDO WS\SMARTDRV.EXE
rem Now we jump to commands specific to the DWTP configuration or to your
rem standard configuration:
goto %config%
:DWTP
rem Call DWTP from within the dir to which it is installed.
rem
rem When user exits DWTP, control returns to line following
rem "call DWTP". You may choose to reboot your system upon
rem return, in order to access the CONFIG.SYS menu and select
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rem the standard configuration:
cd \DWTP
callDWTR
els
echo
echo The D WTP session has ended.
echo
echo Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to restart your computer if you
echo wish to return to your standard system configuration.
echo Otherwise, press any key to return to DOS.
echo
echo If you return to DOS, applications and commands that
echo normally run under your standard configuration might
echo not run under the DWTP configuration, which will
echo remain in effect until you reboot your system and
echo select your standard configuration from the CONFIG. SYS
echo menu.
echo
pause
goto end
rStandard
rem Place your standard-configuration AUTOEXEC.BAT commands here:
rem command 1
rem command 2
rem command...
rem command...
"rem command N
goto end
:end
EndAUTOEXEC.D6
AUTOEXEC commands that are appropriate for both DWTP and the standard configuration should occur in the first block
of commands. (The remark statements (REM) are comments, and indicate where the first block of commands begins).
Commands that define your environment but do not consume conventional memory may be placed here, such as the
PROMPT command or the PATH command. If you have terminate-stay-resident modules that you would like to have
available when you are running DWTP, you may be able to use them if you find that you still have at least 550 kilobytes of
free conventional memory available after they are loaded. You should try to load any such modules in high memory
(expanded or extended memory) using the LO ADfflGH (or LH) command (see your DOS manual or online help), or using
other commands appropriate to the memory managers) you are using. You might wish to get your multiple configuration
working without loading any TSRs for the DWTP configuration initially, so that you can begin experimenting from a working
startingpoint The DOS disk caching utility SMARTDRV is loaded in the AUTOEXEC.D6 example, in order to improve
system performance. Note that SMARTDRV does consume RAM (unlike the PROMPT command for example), but since
SMARTDRV is loaded in high memory with the LOADHIGH command, the impact on available conventional memory is
minimized.
The goto %conjlg% command will send control to the DWTP or the Standard block according to which menu item name
matches the selection made in the CONFIG.SYS menu.
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The :DWTP label is followed by commands that execute under the D WTP configuration. AUTOEXEC.D6 has been set up
to call DWTP, so that the system will boot up and run D WTP immediately. The CALL command is used so that control will
return to this AUTOEXEC file after the user exits DWTP. In AUTOEXEC.D6, the echo command is used to display
information to guide the DWTP user in deciding whether or not to reboot the computer in order to access the CONFIG.SYS
menu so that the Standard configuration may be activated. The approach shown in AUTOEXEC.D6 is optional; the
important thing is that nothing unnecessary is loaded into conventional memory so that at least 550 kilobytes are available
to DWTP. The goto end command transfers control over the .-Standard block, so that commands specific to the standard
configuration are not evaluated.
The .-Standard label marks the block of commands that should be executed if the standard configuration has been activated.
No actual commands (other than loadhigh C:\WINDOWS\SMARTDRV.EXE) are included in AUTOEXEC.D6, since you
must supply the commands here from your current AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
1.2.2.2
Using DOS Batch Files to Swap Configurations
This approach involves swapping two versions of the configuration files CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT, in order
to boot your system to support DWTP or alternatively boot your system using your current CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT configurations. Several files are provided in the DWTP directory to assist you with this approach. The
content of each is included below, followed by instructions for using the file or modifying it for you own custom use. Please
read this entire discussion before modifying your PC configuration.
The first very important step is to make copies of your current CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files, to provide the
standard configuration files to restore after a DWTP session. The DOS batch file STDFILES.BAT, shown below, has been
provided for your convenience:
STDFBLES.BAT
rem
rem
rem
rem
rem
rem
rem
Copy the current CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files to the DWTP directory
so that they may be copied back to the root directory CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT files when a DWTP session ends, and the standard configuration
is being reinstated.
Note that the commands below assume that your PC boots from the C: drive's root
directory.
copy C:\CONFIG.SYS CONFIG.STD
copy C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT AUTOEXEC.STD
End STDFILES.BAT
From the DWTP directory, run STDFILES.BAT to copy your current CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files to
CONFIG.STD and AUTOEXEC.STD in the DWTP directory. If your PC is configured to boot up from another drive, such
as D:, you must the DOS EDIT command to edit STDFILES.BAT, and replace the "C:" source drive in the copy commands.
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO MAKE COPIES OF YOUR ORIGINAL CONFIG.SYS AND AUTOEXEC.BAT
FILES BEFORE STARTING THIS PROCEDURE! After running STDFILES.BAT, make sure that the CONFIG.STD
and AUTOEXEC.STD files are indeed copied into the DWTP directory. You may wish to make another copy of these files
using a different file extension (e.g.,. SAV).
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After backing up your current configuration files, the DOS batch file DWTPBOOT.BAT, located in the DWTP directory,
will copy the DWTP configuration files required for running DWTP (CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW) to the boot
directory, restart your computer, and then run DWTP. Details of DWTPBOOT.BAT are as follows:
DWTPBOOT.BAT
@echo off
rem
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
echo
rem
rem
echo
echo
echo
rem
Inform, then ask user to confirm:
CLS
DWTPBOOT.BAT:
This batch file can be used to configure your system in order to insure that
there is sufficient conventional memory for running DWTP. This is done by
temporarily replacing your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files with DWTP
versions (CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW). If you continue, your machine will
be rebooted, and the CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW files will insure sufficient
memory for DWTP Advisor, which will be run automatically after rebooting.
When you complete the DWTP session, and exit the program, your original
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT'files will be reinstated, and your system will
be rebooted again, in order to return it to its normal state.
Note that if you do not exit from DWTP normally (if you turn the power off,
have a power outage, or if DWTP crashes), your original CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT files will not be reinstated, and your system will again boot
directly into DWTP. If this occurs, exit DWTP again to reinstate your original
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files and restart your computer.
pause
els
copy the DWTP config files into place:
copy CONFIG.DW C:\CONFIG.SYS
copyAUTOEXEC-DW C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT
Inform:
CLS
About to reboot your system for DWTP memory configuration.
pause
Reboot, the AUTOEXEC.DW file will enter DWTP:
reBoot
End DWTPBOOT.BAT
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DWTPBOOT includes text to remind you what is happening behind the scenes. When D WTPBOOT restarts your computer
using REBOOT, CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW are in place in the boot directory as CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT. Recall that AUTOEXEC.DW launches DWTP Advisor, as shown above.
f
DWTP configuration files CONFIG.DW and AUTOEXEC.DW are provided for you and shown below:
CONTIG.DW
DEVICE=C:\DOS\HIMEM.SYS /V
DEVICE=C:\DOS\EMM386.EXE RAM /VERBOSE
DOS=high,umb
STACKS=9,256
files=100
BUFFERS=41
End CONFIG.DW
The contents of CONFIG.DW provide one suggested configuration that will insure that sufficient conventional memory is
available to DWTP Advisor. HIMEM.S YS is an extended memory manager, and EMM386.EXE provides access to upper
memory and uses extended memory to simulate expanded memory. The DOS=high,umb command loads portions of the
operating system shell (COMMAND.COM) into upper memory in order to maximize free conventional memory. These
drivers and commands are detailed in the DOS manual and in DOS on-line help (via the HELP command). If you are familiar
with these memory drivers (or another memory manager such as Quarterdeck's QEMM), you may wish to modify or
substitute commands in the DWTP block. There are many configurations that will provide sufficient free conventional
memory.
AUTOEXEC.DW
@echo off
rem
rem
Smartdrive makes swapping memory to disk faster
loadhigh C:\WINDOWS\SMARTDRV.EXE
Call DWTP from within the dir to which it is installed.
cd c:\dwtp
Call dwtp
rem
rem
rem
rem
We now want to replace the original CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files,
but we can't do this.from here, since this is the AUTOEXEC file!
Therefore, chain to another batch file to do the deed:
c:\dwtp\normboot
EndAUTOEXECDW
The DOS disk caching utility SMARTDRV is loaded in the AUTOEXEC.DW file in order to improve system performance.
Note that SMARTDRV does consume RAM (unlike the PROMPT command for example), but since SMARTDRV is loaded
in high memory with the LOADHIGH command, the amount of available conventional memory is not impacted (or impact
is minimized).
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After loading SMARTDRV AUTOEXEC.DW invokes DWTP Advisor. The CALL statement is used so that control will
return to AUTOEXECDW after the DWTP session ends. When control returns, NORMBOOT.BAT, located in the DWTP
directory, is invoked to restore your standard configuration and restart your machine.
Note that AUTOEXEC.DW assumes that you have installed DWTP to the C:\DWTP directory. Use the DOS EDIT
command to alter this path if you have installed DWTP to another location.
Finally, when the DWTP session ends, AUTOEXEC.DW regains control but passes control on to NORMBOOT.BAT, to
restore'your standard configuration. The contents of NORMBOOT.BAT follow:
NORMBOOT.BAT
@echo off
rem
rem
Replace original config.sys and autoexec.bat:
copy C:\DWTP\CONFIG.STD C:\CONFIG.SYS
copy C:\DWTP\AUTOEXEC.STD C:\AUTOEXEC.BAT
Inform:
CLS
echo
echo About to reboot your system to restore your standard configuration.
echo
pause
rem Reboot to reconfigure:
ReBoot
End NORMBOOT.BAT
NORMBOOT BAT copies your original CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files back into place in the C:\ directory.
Recall that CONFIG STD and AUTOEXEC.STD were set up above to hold copies of your standard configuration files. The
ECHO command then informs you that the system will be rebooted, and the REBOOT command restarts your computer.
Again, note that NORMBOOT.BAT assumes thatyouhave installed DWTP to the C:\DWTP directory, and tot you boot
your system from the C:\ directory. If necessary, use the DOS EDIT command to alter these paths in NORMBOOT.BAT.
This may all seem complicated, however all that is required is to run STDFILES.BAT which will make backup copies of
your standard config.sys and autoexec.bat files (you may want to make additional copies yourself to ensure your current
configuration is safely stored) and then run DWTPBOOT from the DWTP directory whenever you wish to run DWTP
Advisor. When you exit the DWTP Advisor session, your standard configuration files are copied back into place and your
system is rebooted.
1.2.3 Software Specifications
The DWTP Advisor has been developed using several commercially available software tools. The system interface was
developed using Turbo Pascal 6. The -reasoning1 or evaluating portion of the system uses the expert system shell 1ST Class.
The system also consists of data files in dBaselV (.dbf, .dbt) format.
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1.2.4 Contents of the System
The DWTP Advisor package includes one double-sided, high density disk and this User Documentation.
i
1.2.5 Conventions Used in this User Documentation
This User Documentation provides a concise and easy to understand description of the DWTP Advisor and its operation.
Be sure to read the instructions on each screen while running the system, in addition to the information contained in this
guide. Please note the following conventions used in this manual:
1) All user input appears in boldface.
2) Boldface items in <> brackets are inputs that require a single keystroke, e.g., indicates the key
marked Enter (or Return on some computers).
3) In most cases, it is necessary to press the key after typing an answer or command. This
document will either specifically instruct you to type your answer and press , or will simply
instruct you to 'enter' your answer. When the manual specifies that an answer should be 'entered', type
the information and then press the key.
4) This User Documentation will represent the DOS prompt as O or C:\DWTP> to specify the DWTP
directory. You should be aware that your DOS prompt may look slightly different, such as C:\> or O>.
5) This User Documentation will often refer to the position of the cursor on the screen. On most screens,
the cursor is a white highlight bar. The cursor may also be a small blinking line or box. The blinking
cursor and the highlight bar indicate which question or list item on the screen is currently active or
selected.
11
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CHAPTER!
GETTING STARTED
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The following sections present instructions for installing and getting started using the DWTP Advisor.
2.1 INSTALLING THE DWTP ADVISOR
2.1.1 Making a Backup Copy
Make a backup copy of the DWTP Advisor system diskettes prior to installation. For information on how to copy a
diskette using the DISKCOPY, COPY or XCOPY commands, see the MS-DOS manual that came with your
computer. Store the backup disks in a safe place.
2.1.2 Installation Procedures
Before DWTP can be installed on a personal computer system, the system must be properly configured. See Section
1.2.1, for a list of the necessary system components. If all of the components are available, you are ready to install
the DWTP Advisor system.
1. Place the DWTP system disk in the appropriate disk drive (A: or B:).
2. At the C:\ prompt, type in the disk drive name (A: or B:) and then press < Enter >.
3. At the disk drive prompt (A: or B:), type "install" and press < Enter >.
4. You will be guided through two screens of introductory information about the developers of DWTP and the
installation procedure.
5. The following prompt will appear, "Which drive would you like to install DWTP Advisor onto?" Press
< Enter > to select the default directory (C:\), or use the cursor keys to select another drive and then press
.
6. The following prompt will appear, "Which directory would you like to install DWTP Advisor to?:" It is
followed by the "hard driveVDWTP" default directory. To accept the default "DWTP" directory name,
press < Enter >. To assign the directory a name of your own, press the Backspace key until "DWTP" is
deleted, type it in, and then press < Enter >.
7. When the installation program finishes copying the desired directory name onto the hard drive, you are
ready to run DWTP.
NOTE: For safekeeping, you should make a backup copy of the DWTP diskette prior to installation.
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2.2 STARTING THE SYSTEM
If you have just installed the DWTP Advisor, you will already be in the C:\DWTP directoiy. If you have been using
another program or just turned on the machine, follow these procedures to move to that directory. If the screen
shows A >, B>, or any drive other than C>, type C: and press . If the screen now shows C:\DWTP >,
you are in the correct directory. If not, type CD C:\DWTP and press .
Once you are in the correct directory, type DWTP and press . Once started, the DWTP Advisor will first
display an Introduction Screen which identifies the runtime version and offers you the option of reading the
disclaimer. Press to continue.
2.3 WINDOWS, MENUS, AND FUNCTION KEYS
The DWTP Advisor makes use of windows, menus, and function keys to facilitate data entry. This section explains
what they are and how they are used. These terms will be referred to in subsequent sections of this User
Documentation.
2.3.1 Windows
Windows in the DWTP Advisor are panels or subsections of the screen that contain a menu or text. They often
appear layered on top of an underlying image. The standard DWTP Advisor Data Entry Form screen is divided into
several windows. Windows may appear automatically or when an assigned key is pressed. The latter is called a
'pop-up' window. For example, pressing while entering data into a Data Entry Form produces a 'pop-up'
window containing a menu of possible answers to the current question. See Section 2.3.3 Command Line for more
information about using function keys. You can escape from or quit a window and return to the previous screen at
any time by pressing .
2.3.2 Menus
A menu is a list of choices that appears within a window. Menus are used throughout the DWTP Advisor to select
program and answer options. Like windows, some menus appear automatically and some are called by pressing a
function key. The Main Menu of choices mentioned earlier is an example of a menu that appears automatically after
the Introduction Screen. The menu that appears when the key is pressed is an example of a menu activated
by pressing an assigned key.
Menu selections are made by using the arrow keys to highlight the desired choice and pressing to execute
that command or option. You can escape from or quit a menu and return to the previous screen without making a
selection by pressing .
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2.3.3 Command Line
The command line appears at the bottom of each screen (except the Main Menu). This line lists the available
function keys and the commands that they execute. A complete list of the active DWTP Advisor function keys and
descriptions of their assigned commands are included in the following chapters according to the type of screen
on which they appear.
2.4 THE MAIN MENU
The DWTP Advisor Main Menu includes a three-item menu in the lower right corner of the screen (see Figure 2-1).
The options on the Main Menu are:
DWTP Expert vl.O
To START a new session, select START NEW SESSION
To LOAD data from a previous session, select LOAD SAVED DATA
To CONTINUE with existing session, select CONTINUE
Select the appropriate action
START New Session
LOAD Saved Data
CONTINUE
Figure 2-1
Start New Session-Once selected, this option clears all currently loaded data and begins a new
consultation.
Load Saved Data - When you select Load Saved Data, the system displays a list of the previously
saved data files that can be selected and loaded for editing and/or reanalysis. If you select a
file from this list, all currently loaded data will be replace by the data in the newly selected file.
As described earlier, however, you can press from this list and return to the Main Menu
without changing the currently loaded data.
Continue - This option takes you directly to the first data entry screen, preserving the existing
data set. This feature allows you to return to the beginning of the program to review and edit
the data/equence that has just been input.
Upon the selection of any of these options (and the selection of an existing data file if Load Saved Data was
chosen), the DWTP Configuration Screen (see Figure 2-2) will appear and you are ready to start entering data.
If you press while at the Main Menu, you will be asked to press to exit the system, or any other
key to continue.
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2.5 THE CONFIGURATION SCREEN
STARTUP SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANTPLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA:
FLOCCULATION 1 SEDIMENTATION
Performance Potential Graph
0.0% , PIF = O.OOmgd
FLOG :
0.0% :
SEP :
0.0% :
FILT :
0.0% :
DISNF :
FILTRATI01*
RAW DATA
! DISINFECT
'ION
PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL GRAPH
COMPARES THE EXPECTED FLOW
TREATABLE BY EXISTING MAJOR
UNIT PROCESS FACILITIES AGAINST
THE CURRENT PEAK FLOW
ESC: LOAD F1:HELP F2:SAVE F5: ANALYSIS F6: REPORT F7
QUIT F9 : PLF DATA
ENTRY
Figure 2-2
The Configuration Screen depicts the plants treatment train. The cursor can be moved to any of six boxes which
represent the major categories of plant information required to perform a Major Unit Process evaluation. Data
entry screens are accessed by pressing when positioned on one of the boxes. Function keys allow you
to perform one or several Major Unit Process evaluations, produce a Major Unit Process report, or proceed to the
Performance Limiting Factor analysis.
The Performance Potential Graph, displayed in the lower left corner, presents the rated capacity of the major unit
processes in relation to the plants peak instantaneous flow. When data are changed in the data entry screens,
the Performance Potential Graph removes any results that are dependent upon the changed data. Performing
a new Major Unit Process evaluation for a unit process will produce new values. Each operation performed at
the Configuration Screen is explained in detail in Section 3.1.
2.6 DATA ENTRY FORMS
After a Major Unit Process has been selected from the DWTP Configuration Screen, a Data Entry Form appears.
They use menus and windows to present questions that you will answer either with a numeric value or a selection
from a multiple choice list. Each Data Entry Form will either request information about a component of the
surface water treatment plant or a category of performance-limiting factors, depending on where in the system
you are working.
A Data Entry Form consists of several windows (see Figure 2-3) that are designed to facilitate easy, efficient data
entry and editing. The name of the process or PLF category for which data is being requested is always displayed
in the header at the top of the screen. The statements or questions describing the information requested appear
in a column on the left side of the screen. The data is entered into corresponding data cells in a column on the
right side of the screen. Below these two columns, windows running the length of the screen display the possible
valid answers and additional ins'tructions for answering the current question. (Remember, the position of the
highlight bar indicates which question is current.) The very bottom of the screen contains the command line
which lists the active function keys and the commands that they execute.
Data is entered either by typing an answer in the spaces provided in the right-hand column or by making a
selection from a response menu. Pressing brings up the response menu in the bottom right-hand corner
16
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of the screen. When there are more data requested than will fit on a single screen, a small arrow pointing down
appears in the bottom data cell indicating that more questions remain to be scrolled onto the screen. This arrow
moves to the top of the screen and points up when you have scrolled to subsequent screens. Use the arrow keys
and the and keys to scroll through the data entry screens.
The Data Entry Forms in the DW'l'P Advisor are dynamic, that is, the questions that they present change as you
provide information. For example, you may be asked whether you want to specify a basin size by volume
(gallons) or by dimension. Depending on how you answer, the system will either ask you to provide the volume
or the dimensions, not both. In this way, you will only be asked to provide the minimum amount of data needed
for the system to perform its analyses. Appendix A presents you with all the questions that the system could ask.
You will not have to answer them all.
SCREEN HEADER
QUESTION LIST WINDOW
BOUNDS WINDOW
EXPANDED QUESTION WINDOW
COMMAND LINE WINDOW
GENERAL PLANT DATA
Name of Plant
Name of Evaluator
Population Served
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
Settled Water Turbidity (Historical)
Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
Validity of 12-month Historical Data
Special Studies Turbidity Profile (NTU)
Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Validity of the Special Studies
RESPONSE WINDOW
Upper Bound: 10000000
Lower Bound: 1
What population does the plant serve?
F1:HELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO CONFIG. SCRN. F8:CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC:ABORT
Figure 2-3
2.6.1 Data Entry Form Windows
The function of each window mentioned above is described below.
Screen Header
The Screen Header appears at the top of the screen and states the name of the unit process or PLF category for
which data is currently being requested.
Question List Window
The Question List Window appears in the upper left part of the screen and lists abbreviated questions describing
the data being requested.
Response Window
The Response Window appears in the upper right part of the screen and provides data input cells for entering
answers to the questions in the Question List Window.
Bounds Window
The Bounds Window appears across the screen below the Question List and Response Windows and provides the
data limits (numeric boundaries) or the possible answers to the currently highlighted question. Numeric answers
17
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that fall outside the range specified in the Bounds Window are not accepted by the system.
uestion Window
The Expanded Question Window appears across the bottom of the screen and gives an expanded form of die
currently highlighted question.
nomrnnnd Line
The Command Line appears at the very bottom of the screen and lists the active function keys and commands
that they execute.
2.6.2 Data Entry Form Command Line
The following function keys are listed in the Command Line of all Data Entry Forms.
Fl: HELP- Displays additional information or expanded instructions for answering the current
question. If the help text does not fit in a single window, you will be instructed to use the
and keys to scroll through the information.
F5: EXIT - Exits the current Data Entry Form and returns you to the previous screen. All
information entered in the form is saved.
F8: CLEAR FIELD - Clears the existing response in the currently active data entry cell and
positions the cursor at the beginning of that blank so that a new answer can be entered.
FW: MENU- Brings up a window in the bottom right corner of the screen which contains either
a multiple choice Response Menu or numeric bounds for numeric input. If a menu appears,
you may make a selection from that menu. If bounds appear, numeric answers that fall outside
of those bounds will not be accepted by the system.
> Esc: ABORT- Exits the current window or menu, returning you to the previous screen. NOTE:
If you press to exit from within a Data Entry Form, all of the data input since you
last entered that Data Entry Form will be lost.
2.7 SINGLE ANSWER FORMAT
Certain critical information is necessary for the DW'l'P Advisor to complete successful evaluations. If any of this
critical data is not included in a Data Entry Form, the system will present this question individually during an
analysis using a Single Answer Format screen. Only one question will appear on the screen at a time in Single
Answer Format. Answer these questions by either selecting an answer from the list provided or type an answer
in the space provided and press .
Single Answer Format screens use two methods of providing help for answering the current question. In some
cases, the option Explain Further appears in the list of possible answers. If you select this option, you will be
presented with further instructions for answering that question. In other cases, you will notice that one or more
words or phrases within the question are displayed in a different color. Pressing when one of these words
or phrases is highlighted will bring up either a definition of that item, or additional questions that elaborates on
that aspect of the question. This type of help is referred to as hypertext. To answer questions that contain
hypertext, use the arrow keys to move the highlight bar from the differently colored words in the question to the
list of answers and make your selection.
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CHAPTER 3
MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATION
3.0 INTRODUCTION
As stated earlier in this User Documentation, the DWTP Advisor is divided into two major components: Major
Unit Process Evaluation and Performance-Limiting Factors. Before Performance-Limiting Factors can be
determined, the facility's major unit processes must be evaluated. Therefore, this is the point at which you enter
the system after making a selection from the Main Menu. This component of the system allows you to enter data,
perform analyses, and generate reports on the major unit processes.
3.1 THE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT CONFIGURATION SCREEN
The DWTP Configuration Screen (see Figure 3-1) is the main screen in the Major Unit Process Evaluation
component of the system. This screen graphically displays the major unit processes and facility components and
contains the Performance Potential. Graph. This screen is also used to control the order of data entry and initiate
process evaluations. If you press from this screen, you will return to the main system menu.
STARTUP SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANTPLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA RAW DATA
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA:
FLOCCULATION SEDIMENTATION
Performance Potential Graph
0.0% PIF = O.OOmgd
FLOG
0.0%
SEP
0.0%
FILT
0.0%
DISNF
FILTRATION DISINFECT
'ION
PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL GRAPH
COMPARES THE EXPECTED FLOW
TREATABLE BY EXISTING MAJOR
UNIT PROCESS FACILITIES AGAINST
THE CURRENT PEAK FLOW
ESC: LOAD Fl : HELP F2:SAVE F5 ANALYSIS F6: REPORT F7:QUIT F9:PLF DATA
ENTRY
Figure 3-1
3.1.1 Performance Potential Graph
The bottom left of the Drinking "Water Treatment Plant Configuration Screen displays the Performance Potential
Graph for the site. This graph displays the ability of each unit process to meet peak instantaneous flow (PIF)
demand. The graph is generated as you perform the analyses of each process. You can change the PIF number
very simply in the Data Entry Form for General Plant Data. As you do so, the DWTP Advisor will automatically
adjust the percentages of PIF that can be met by each major unit process that has been evaluated up to that
point. In this way, you can quickly view the plant's capacity to meet different demands.
3.1.2 DWTP Configuration Screen Command Line
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The following keys are displayed at the very bottom of the DWTF Configuration Screen and are active while this
screen 13 being displayed.
Fl: HELP - Displays an expanded description or additional information about the current
question or display on the screen.
f2:SAVE- Calls the Save Configuration Function window. This window asks you to provide a
name (up to 8 characters long) under which the data for the current plant configuration will be
saved. The file extension .SAV is assumed. It is recommended that you give this file a
meaningful file name so that you can recognize it later. One suggestion is to use the first 3
characters of the facility name and the current date, such as ABC09-25.SAV. After typing the
name (and drive specification if needed) and pressing , the current data is saved in the
specified file.
F& DATA ANALYSIS- Calls the Analysis Menu which presents you with the choice of evaluating
the following:
Flocculation
Sedimentation
Filtration
Disinfection
Selections are made by using the arrow keys to highlight the desired item and pressing .
This causes a * to appear to the left of that item. Any or all of the items can be selected. When
this process is completed, press again to initiate the analysis. Pressing exits the
Analysis Menu without doing any analyses.
F6: REPORT- Generates a report containing the results of all the analysis performed during the
current session. You will be given the option of saving this report as described in Section 3.4.
F7: QUIT- Calls the Exit Program window which presents the following menu:
Save current data & exit system
Exit system, without saving data
Don't exit; Return to main screen
F9: PLFDATA ENTRY- Calls the Data Entry Form of the currently active (highlighted) unit.
Only one form can be open at a time.
3.2 MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATIONS
A Major Unit Process Evaluation assesses the potential of the plant's major unit processes to achieve desired
performance levels. The process evaluations can be done in any order from the DWTF Configuration screen
using the key as described earlier. You must, of course, enter data for a process before performing its
evaluation. The system attempts to conduct each assessment using the information contained in the Data Entry
Forms for the current unit process. Additional questions are asked during the evaluation as needed.
As the evaluations proceed, you may be notified of intermediate conclusions drawn by the system. When a major
unit process evaluation has been completed, a report of the results is automatically created. See Section 3.4 for
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more details on generating reports.
Flocculation Basin Evaluation
The goal of the flocculation process is to produce a floe that will settle in the sedimentation basin and/or be
removed by the filters. Flocculation evaluation is based on hydraulic detention time, minimum water
temperature, and the number of stages. Not all plants have a discrete flocculation process. In cases where
flocculation and sedimentation are performed in the same basin, the portion of that basin used for flocculation
should be entered in the flocculation data entry screen as though it were a separate basin. The DWTP Advisor
will model hydraulic or mechanical flocculation basins. e
Sedimentation Basin Evaluation
The sedimentation basin capacity is based primarily on surface water overflow rate, with consideration given for
depth and plant performance. The DWTP Advisor accounts for multiple basins, the possibility of parallel or
serial piping between those basins, the possibility that the plant is operating in turbidity mode, sedimentation
mode, or a combination of both over the course of the year.
Filtration Evaluation
The DWTP Advisor can model pressure- and gravity-fed filters with the following types of media: Mono Media
(Sand Filter), Mixed/Dual Media (Sand and Anthracite or Garnet, Sand, and Anthracite), and Deep Bed.
Disinfection Evaluation
The DWTP Advisor models both pre- and post-disinfection processes. Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide, and
Chloramine are the disinfectants covered.
3.3 DATA ENTRY
Data entry is controlled from the Drinking Water Treatment Plant Configuration Screen. Use the arrow keys to
select (highlight) the PLANT DATA, RAWATER SOURCE, or one of the major unit processes. Press
to bring up the Data Entry Form for the currently highlighted process. Figure 3-2
GENERAL PLANT DATA
Name of Plant
Name of Evaluator
Population Served
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
Settled Water Turbidity '(Historical)
Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
Validity of 12-month Historical Data
Special Studies Turbidity Profile (NTU)
Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Validity of the Special Studies
Mill Creek Plant
1260
^5
§
Not Recorded
GT or Eoual to 95%
Data Inaccyra,t;e
^4
Not Recorded
Accurate
Upper Bound: 10000000
Lower Bound : 1
What population does the plant serve?
Fl: HELP F5: KEEP DATA & GO TO CONFIG. SCRN. F8 : CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC ABORT
Figure 3-2
3.4 REPORT GENERATION
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As mentioned earlier, when a major unit process evaluation has been completed, a report of the results is
automatically created. You will be given the following options.
Press to add notes to the end of the report for that unit process. Your notes will
be saved with the report. When you are done entering your comments, press to
return to this menu.
Press to view the report for the current unit process on the screen. When you are
done reviewing the report, press to return to this menu.
Press to return to the Drinking Water Treatment Plant Configuration screen.
A report containing all the major unit process evaluations that have been generated for the current facility can
also be created from the Drinking Water Treatment Plant Configuration Screen by pressing as mentioned
5n Section 3.1.2. You will be asked to provide a name for this file. Once again, you should give the file a
meaningful file name so that you can recognize it later. The extension .REP is assumed. A recommended format
is the first 3 characters of the faciliiy name and the current date, such as ABC09-25.REP. When the file has been
saved, you will be asked if you want to send the report to the screen, to the printer, to both, or if you want to
cancel the operation. When this is completed, you will be given the options:
Press to review the file on the screen.
Press to delete the report file from your hard disk.
A sample DWTP Advisor report is contained in Appendix B.
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CHAPTER 4
PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS
4.0 INTRODUCTION
As described earlier, the other major component of the DW'l'P Advisor is that which determines performance-
limiting factors (PLFs) for the facility. Because data about the major unit processes are needed before
performance-limiting factors can be determined, this component is accessed from the Drinking "Water Treatment
Plant Configuration Screen. Press to select this option and move on to this portion of the system.
4.1 THE PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS SCREEN
The Performance-Limiting Factors Screen has a format similar to that of the Drinking Water Treatment Plant
Configuration Screen (see Figure 4-1). Across the top of the screen, the categories of PLFs are shown graphically.
These categories are: Administration, Design, Operation, and Maintenance. In addition, two subcategories are
shown. The bottom portion of the screen is reserved for 'listing the PLFs as they are
identified.
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANT- -PERFORMANCE FACTOR INFO
FACTOR DATA BY PERFORMANCE FACTOR TYPE:
ADMINISTRATIVE DESIGN
OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE
DESIGN:
CHEMICAL ADDIT.
OPERATIONAL:
PROCESS CONTROL
Performance Limiting Factors
A Factors:
Disinfection
B Factors:
Application of Concepts and Testing
C Factors:
Return Process Streams
Fl: HELP F2: SAVE F5 : ANALYSIS F6 : REPORT F7 : QUIT F9 : MUP DATA ENTRY
Figure 4-1
4.1.1 Listing of PLFs
PLFs are listed on the bottom half of the Performance-Limiting Factors Screen as they are identified. They will
be listed in a table with the following columns.
PLF Rating - Type A, B, or C
PLF Category - Administration, Design, Operational, or Maintenance
Factor Name - e.g., Testing - Process Control Testing
Comments
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4.1.2 Performance-Limiting Factors Screen Command Line
The Performance-Limiting Factors Screen also has its own command line with the following choices.
Fi: HELP -Pressing displays an expanded description or additional information about
the current question or display on the screen.
- Pressing calls the Save Configuration Function window. This window asks you
to provide a name (up to 8 characters long) under which the data for the current plant
configuration will be saved. The file extension .SAV is assumed. It is recommended that you
give this file a meaningful file name so that you can recognize it later. A good format is the first
3 characters of the facility name and the current date, such as ABC09-25.SAV. After typing the
name (and drive specification if needed) and pressing , the current data is saved in the
specified file.
F5: ANALYSIS- Pressing calls the Analysis Menu which presents you with the option of
analyzing data for performance-limiting factors.
F6: REPORT- Pressing generates output report for all data entered to this point.
F7: QUIT- Calls the Exit Program window which presents the following menu:
Save current data & exit system
Exit system, without saving data
Don't exit; Return to main screen
F9: MUP DATA ENTRY- Calls the major unit process portion of the system.
4.2 ANALYZING PERFORMANCE-LIMITING FACTORS
A factor should only be identified as a PLF if it impacts plant performance; an actual link between poor plant
performance and the identified factor must exist. After all PLFs are identified, they are prioritized in order of
their adverse effect on achievement as described in Section 1.1.3.
Administrative PLFs
The evaluation of administrative performance-limiting factors is a somewhat subjective effort, primarily based
on information from plant management and staff. It involves the evaluation of budgeting and financial planning
practices, as well as personnel motivation.
Design PLFs
Data gathered during a plant tour, review of plant drawings and specifications, and the completed evaluation
of major unit process capabilities, including the performance potential graph, provide the basic information
needed to assess design-related performance-limiting factors. Often, to complete the evaluation, it is necessary
to make field investigations of the various unit processes.
Operational PLFs
Operational factors are those that relate to the unit process control functions. The approach and methods used
in maintaining process control can significantly affect performance of plants that have adequate physical
facilities. The heart of the operational factors assessment is the process control testing, data interpretation, and
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process adjustment techniques utilized by the plant staff. The primary controls available to a water treatment
plant operator are flow rate; chemical selection and dosage; and filter backwash frequency, duration, and rate.
Other controls include flocculation energy input and sedimentation sludge removal.
Maintenance PLFs
Maintenance performance-limiting factors are evaluated throughout the CPE by data collection, observations,
and questions concerning reliability and service requirements of pieces of equipment critical to plant
performance. If units are out of service routinely or for extended periods of time, maintenance practices may be
a significant contributing cause to a performance problem.
4.3 DATA ENTRY
The data required for the analyses of performance-limiting factors is entered in much the same fashion as it was
for the first portion of the system. Data entry is controlled from the Performance-Limiting Factors Screen by
using the arrow keys to select a PLF category and pressing . Thte brings up the Data Entry Form for the
currently highlighted category. Proceed to enter information about the category as described in Section 2.5.
4.4 REPORT GENERATION
A report containing all the evaluations that have been generated for the current facility can also be created from
the Drinking Water Performance Limiting Factor Screen by pressing as mentioned in Section 3.1.2. You
will be asked to provide a name for this file. Once again, you should give the file a meaningful file name so that
you can recognize it later. A recommended format is the first 3 characters of the facility name and the current
date, such as ABC09-25.REP. When the file has been saved, you will be asked if you want to send the report to
the screen, to the printer, to both, or if you want to cancel the operation. When this is completed, you will be
given the options:
Press to review the file on the screen.
Press to delete the report file from your hard disk.
A sample DWTP Advisor session follows, and a sample final report is contained in Appendix B.
25
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DWTP ADVISOR SYSTEM FLOW DIAGRAM
EXIT
V
ESC
«
\n\-
\
*
INTOOOUCTOHY
SCREEN
MAIN
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Figure 5-1
5.0 A SAMPLE SESSION IN DWTP ADVISOR
As you can see in Figure 5-1, the Dw If Advisor is divided into two sections, each with data
entry/evaluation options: one for Major Unit Processes and one for Performance Limiting Factors. This
design reflects a CPE's division between MUP and PLF evaluations. Major Unit Process (MUP) data entry
and evaluations are performed prior to and separate from the Performance Limiting Factors (PLF) for two
reasons:
1. MUP evaluations produce information diat is required during the PLF evaluation; some PLFs
need data from all the major unit processes.
2. The entire process - entering MUP data, performing an evaluation on one or several of the unit
processes and reviewing the MUP results in report form - can be repeated any number of times.
Changes may be made in order to analyze 'what-if possibilities of unit process design. PLF
evaluations need be performed only when and if you want them.
Moving Around in the DWTP Advisor
A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation involves two major evaluations: the Major Unit Process
(MUP) evaluation and the Performance Limiting Factors (PLF) evaluation. Both require a significant
amount of information about the plant, unit processes, operations, administration and maintenance. The
information, or data, about the plant is entered into data entry screens which become available as you select
them from a screen depicting the configuration of the plant (see Figure 5-2).
The following section takes the user through a full DWTP Advisor session, with step-by-step
instructions (in italics) along with explanations of each step. The input values for a complete session are
provided in a file called 'MILLCRK.SAV.1 A few items of information are requested by the Advisor
individually, and the appropriate replies are listed in this section. This should provide you with all the
information required to run the Advisor, and obtain output reports. A sample final report for the sample
session is found in Appendix B.
27
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Beginning a Sample Session
M Begin the DWTP session by typing DWTP in the DffTP subdirectory
MSelect RETURN to move past the Introductory Screen to the Main Menu
5.1 LOADING THE EXAMPLE FILE
A saved file containing an example water treatment plant is provided with the DW'i'F Advisor. The
file, MILLCRK.SAV, can be loaded at the Main Menu screen by selecting LOAD SAVED DATA, and then
choosing the file 'MILLCRK.SAV from the menu of saved files.
M Select LOAD SAVED DATA from the Main Menu
A list of available saved files will appear. Press the Down Arrow key until MILLGRK.SAV is
highlighted, then press .
\
5.2 MUP DATA ENTRY
The Configuration Screen
The Configuration Screen is where you perform operations - enter data, perform evaluations, print
reports and view results- of the Major Unit Process portion of the DW'l'P Advisor. The name of the current
file, MILLCRK, is displayed in the upper left corner.
MILLCRK SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANTPLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA I
RAW DATA
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA:
FLOCCULATION
Performance
0.0%
FLOC
0.0%
SEP
0.0%
FILT
0.0%
DISNF
ESC: LOAD F1:HELP
SEDIMENTATION
Potential Graph
PIF = O.OOmgd
FILTRATIOI*
1 DISINFECT
]ION
PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL GRAPH
COMPARES THE EXPECTED FLOW
TREATABLE BY EXISTING MAJOR
UNIT PROCESS FACILITIES AGAINST
THE CURRENT PEAK FLOW.
F2:SAVE F5 ANALYSIS F6: REPORT F7
QUIT F9:PLF DATA
ENTRY
Figure 5-2
28
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Selecting a Data Entry Screen -
The cursor can be moved to any of the 6 boxes in the Configuration Screen using the arrow keys.
The boxes represent the typical treatment train of a water treatment plant, and the data entry screen for each
of the six categories is selected by placing the cursor on the box and pressing .
It should be noted that as much data as possible should be entered into the data entry screens, but
wherever an item does not apply or is unknown, it may be left blank. If more information is needed during
the Major Unit Process or Performance Limiting Factor evaluations, the Advisor will ask you for it at that
time:
Plant Data Entry Screen
f Select PLANT DATA on the Configuration Screen and press
Figure 5-3 shows the Plant Data Entry Screen. The example plant is located in the state of Ohio,
serves a population of 1260, operates eight hours per day and has a peak instantaneous flow of 0.5 million
gallons per day. Other items in the data entry screen describe the plant's 12 month history and results of the
special studies performed during a Comprehensive Performance Evaluation (CPE).
GENERAL PLANT DATA
Name of .Plant
Kama of Evaluator
Population Served
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
Settled Water Turbidity (Historical)
Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
Validity of 12-month Historical Data
Special Studies Turbidity Profile (NTU)
Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Validity of the Special Studies
Mill Creek Plant
1260
.5
§
Not Recorded
GT or Eoual to 95%
pata Inaccurate
^4
Not Recorded
Accurate
Upper Bound: 10000000
Lower Bound: 1
What population does the plant serve?
Fl: HELP F5« KEEP DATA S OO TO CONSTO. SCRN. F8 : CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC ABORT
Figure 5-3
f Move the cursor to 'Name of Evaluator' and enter a name.
MExit the Plant Data window by pressing
As you return to the Configuration Screen, you will notice that the Performance Potential Graph has
been obscured by cross-hatching. Any change in the data entry screens will cause the evaluation results
depicted in the graph to become obsolete. The graph will be cleared of cross-hatching and will display the
appropriate results when new MUP evaluations have been completed.
The data contained in the Plant Data Entry Screen has become a permanent part of this session; if
you display the Plant Data screen again, your entry in the 'Name of Evaluator1 is still there. However, it is not
saved in a .SAV file yet, and would be lost if the session were terminated now. An example of saving data to a
.SAV file follows the Raw Water Source Data Entry Screen section.
29
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Raw Water Source Data Entry Screen
f Select RWS and press
Figure 5-4 shows the Raw Water Source Data Entry Screen, which contains information about die plant raw
water influent as well as the means of transmission to the plant. As mentioned in previous sections, the data
entry screens are dynamically changed, depending on entries in the data entry screen. The following steps
illustrate this feature.
MMove the cursor to The Plant Has a Raw Water Transmission Pipe'
f Press to access the Choices Menu
M'Select NO from the Choices Menu
Raw Water Source Data x
Minimum Raw Water Temperature
Raw Water Source
Maximum Raw Water pH
Minimum Raw Water pH
The Plant has a Raw Water Transmission Pipe
Diameter of Raw Water Transmission Pipe (in)
Length oE Raw Water Transmission Pipe (ft)
Raw Water Turbidity (NTU's)
Raw Hater' Stability
Influent Flow Rate Controlled
.5
R]ver
7.5
5.8
Y to access the Choices Menu
M Select "YES"from the Choices Menu and press
The Raw Water Source data entry screen has now been restored to its original form.
The 'Raw Water Stability" entry is blank and should be filled out before exiting the screen.
MMove the cursor to 'Raw Water Stability'
M Press to access the Choices Menu
M Select 'Stable'from the menu and press
30
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MExit the Plant Data window by pressing
Again, exiting the screen with makes the changes to the data entry screen;
leaving the data entry screen by pressing aborts the changes. You may want to save the entire session
periodically to the .SAV file using . This will prevent the loss of data should your session be terminated
unexpectedly by power failure, etc.
Saving A Session
A session may be saved at any time during the data entry process by pressing in the
Configuration Screen (Figure 5.5). A menu will appear to get the saved file name (must be 8 character or
fewer DOS file name). Be careful to choose a new file name if you intend to create a new .SAV file; the SAVE
procedure will overwrite an existing file of the same name.
MILLCRK
SURFACE
WATER
TREATMENT
PLANT- -PLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS
FLOCCULATION I
DATA:
RAW DATA
SEDIMENTATION
Performance Potential
0.0%
FLOC
0.0%
SED
0.0%
FILT
0.0%
DISNF
PIF
Graph
= O.OOmgd
FILTRATION
DISINFECTION
TOM 1
TJNCTIOK
Please enter the name of
your plant configuration
to be saved.
Is accepted.
strings
Ai\ and Bi\
Character
are limited to
S characters :
MILLCRK. SAV
ESC: LOAD FltHELP F2
SAVE
F5 ANALYSIS F6:REPORT F7:QUIT F9:PLF
DATA ENTRY
Figure 5-5
MPress
U Type MYCRK and press
Once the current session is saved, you may proceed as you were, with all data entered up to that
point saved in a file. The new file name is now displayed in the upper left corner. Of course, as you continue
in the session, any new data or changes in previous entries must again be. saved by pressing .
Flocculation Data Entry Screen
Jf'Select FLOC on the Configuration Screen and press
Figure 5-6 shows the Flocculation Data Entry Screen. The plant has a single flocculation basin
31
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using mechanical mixers in two mixing stages. The mixers are variable speed. The size of the flocculatibn
basin is entered in units of volume (gallons), but could be changed to dimensions of length, width and depth,
if you prefer those units instead.
Plants that have no flocculation unit process such as in-line direct filtration technology are
represented in the D"WTP Advisor by entering 0 in the slot for 'Number of Flocculation Basins." This will
cause the remaining values in the data entry screen to be 'grayed-out' and the plant will be considered to have
no flocculation unit process.
When the number of basins is greater than 1, and the 'Basins are Identical1 is 'No', many of the data
entry slots are made inactive or 'grayed-out.' This is because volume and dimension data entry slots are used
only when the plant has a single basin, or when there are multiple basins that are identical. "When any of the
major unit processes have multiple basins, filters etc. of different characteristics, the size and characteristics
of each basin or filter are collected one-by-one during the MUP evaluation.
You may change entries in the Flocculation Data Entry Screen, and exit using , but any
changes you make may affect the results and reports when compared to the example results and reports
shown in Appendix B.
M Leave the Flocculation Data Entry Screen by pressing
Ml Confirm you are leaving without making changes by selecting LEAVE FORM
Plocculatlon Data
Number of Plocculator Basins
Are Flocculaeion and Sedimentation Combined
Flocculation Basin Configuration
Flocculaeion Basins Identical
II of Mixing Stages in a Single Floe Basin
Condition of Baffling
Flocculation Basin Mixer Type
Flocculation Mixer Control
Flocculation Mixer Energy Level
Flocculation Basin Information
Length of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Width of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Depth of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Volume of Single Flocculation Basin (gals)
1
Np
2
-f
Mechanical
Yes
Variable
Bv Dimension,
14
7
1-0
Oppor Bound: 10000000
Lower Bound: 1
How raany Zlocculatlon basins doos this plane hava ?
Fit HELP PSt KEEP DAT*. 6 GO TO CONPIO. SCRN. P8 1 CLEAR FIELD P10: CHOICES ESC ABORT
Figure 5-6 Flocculation Data Entry Screen
32
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Sedimentation Data Entry Screen
f'Select SED on the Configuration Screen and press
As you can see from the Sedimentation Data Entry Screen in figures 5.7 and 5.8, the plant has two
rectangular sedimentation basins which are identical and configured in series. The basin operates in
turbidity mode, with manual sludge removal on a regular basis. It does not utilize tube settlers.
Surface area data entry slot is inactive because the 'Sedimentation Basin Information1 choice is 'By
Dimension.' "Diameter" is made active whenever the sedimentation basin type is circular, such as Upflow or
Glaricone. And without tube settlers, it is unnecessary to ask whether tubes are horizontal or vertical.
M Use or cursor arrows to move to Page 2 of Sedimentation Data
Vertical and horizontal tube area questions pertain only to ba'sins with tube settlers, and the data
entry slots for peak instantaneous flow are activated when the sedimentation system is in turbidity mode part
of the year, and softening mode the rest of the year.
Sedimentation Data
Number of Sedimentation Basins
Sedimentation Basin Configuration
Are the Sedimentation Basins Identical
Type of Sedimentation Basin
Shape of Sedimentation Basin
Sedimentation Basin Information
Surface Area of Single Sed Basin (sq ft)
Length of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Width of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Depth of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Diameter of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Tube/Plate Settlers Used
Tube/Plate Settler Orientation
2
Series
Yes
Rectanoular
Rectanoular
Bv Dimension
No
Response MUST lie between 0 and 10
How many sedimentation baalns does this plant have ?
Pit HELP F5t KEEP DATA & GO TO CONFIO. SCRN. P8t CLEAR FIELD F10 < CHOICES ESC ABORT
Figure 5-7 Page 1 of Sedimentation Data Entry Screen
MLeave the Sedimentation Data Entry Screen by pressing
M Confirm you are leaving without making changes by selecting LEA VE FORM
33
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sedimentation Data
Surface Area over Vertical Tubes (sq ft)
Sludg* Rcaoval Kathod
Sludge Removal Frequency
Sedimentation Basin Inlet Condition
Sedimentation Basin Outlet Condition
Sedimentation Basin Mode
Peak Instantaneous Flow(mgd) in Turbidity Mode
Peak Instantaneous Flow(mgd) in Softening Mode
Manual
Reoular
Not Disruotive
No Performance Limit
Turbidi tv
Choice* are i Manual | Mechanical
I* «ludge removed manually or mechanically ?
tit HELP F5« KEEP DATA t GO TO COHFIO. SCRH. P8 1 CLEAR FIELD PlOl CHOICES ESC ABORT
Figure 5-8 Page 2 of Sedimentation Data Entry Screen
Filtration Data Entry Screen
MSelect FILTon the Configuration Screen and press
Ml Move the cursor to Backwash Methods
Mill Greek Plant has a single monomedia sand filter, 46 inches deep, with a surface area of 177
square feet Backwashing is done with a pump rated at 2000 gpm. The multiple filter data items such as
'Filter Sizes Identical1 and 'Filter Media the Same1 are activated when more than one filter exists. And the
cvaluator chooses to enter the size of the filter as surface area rather than dimensions.
CPE evaluators may conduct special studies (such as continuous measurement of individual filter
turbidity, evaluating backwashing and media bed expansion, etc.) on a particular filter. Questions about
expanded and unexpended filter bed size pertain to results gained from a special study. As with any data
entry slot, if the information is unknown, the slots may be left blank.
Filtration Data Entry Screen is used below to demonstrate the Help utility. Help text, an
explanation of the item in the data entry slot, is available by pressing when the cursor is positioned on
the item.
M Use or cursor arrows to move to Page 2 of Filtration Data
MMove cursor to "Operators filter to waste after backwash'
M Press for Help Text
34
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Filtration EM
Number of Filters
Filters sizes identical
Filter medias the same
Filter Media
Filter Size Information
Length of ' Single Filter (ft)
Width of Single Filter (ft)
Depth of Single Filter (in)
Surface Area of Single Filter (sq ft)
Multiple Backwash Methods
Backwash Mot hod
Filter Backwash Pump Capacity (gal/min)
Choices are i Backwash Pump | Distribution Syotoi
What type of ay a tan is usad for backwashing the 1
PI: HELP PSt KEEP DATA & GO TO CONPIO. SCRN. F8« C
ita
1
Sand/Mono
By Surface
46
177
Backwash PUDD
2000
i | Elevated Storage
Miters 7
ILEAR FIELD FlOt CHOICES ESC ABORT
Figure 5-9 Page 1 of Filtration Data Entry Screen
Filtration Data
Filter Backwash Flow Rate (gal/min)
Air Binding
Operators filter to waste after backwash
Type of Filter
Design Filter Media Depth (in)
Expanded Filter Bed Size (in)
Unexpended Filter Bed Size (in)
Choices are : Yes | No
None
NO
Gravity
54
28
48
Do the operators filter to waste after backwashing ?
No
Fl: HELP F5: KEEP DATA & GO TO CONFIG. SCRN. F8 : CLEAR FIELD F10 : CHOICES ESC ABORT
Figure 5-10 Page 2 of Filtration Data Entry Screen
MILLCRK
Operators filter to waste after backwash.
Do the plant operators filter to waste
following a backwash until filtered water
queality is less than 0.5 NTU?
Fl: HELP FStEXIT
Figure 5-11 Help Window
35
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M'Leave the Help Window by pressing
M Leave Filtration Data Entry Screen by pressing
M Confirm by selecting LEAVE FORM and pressing
Disinfection Data Entry Screen
M Select DISNF on the Configuration Screen and press
Disinfection at the Mill Creek Plant is post-disinfection only, using chlorine. The required reduction
of Giardia cysts is log 3.0. A single, covered, unbaffled clearwell, 12 by 10 by 14 feet, is used and the distance
to the first tap is 500 feet through an 8-inch distribution pipe. All information relating to pre-disinfection is
inactive.
M Leave Disinfection Data Entry Screen by pressing
f Confirm by selecting LEAVE FORM and pressing
Disinfection Data
Hunbor of Post-disinfactlon Points Availablo
Number of Post-disinfection Points Used
Type of Posc-disinfectanC
Plane Pre-disinfects
Pre-disinfecting Legal in this State
Number o£ Pre-disinfection Points Available
Number of Pre-disinfection Points Used
Pre-disinfection Application Point
Type of Pre-disinfectant
The Plant has a Presedimentation Basin
Condition of Baffling in Presedimentation Basin
Number of Clearwell Basins
Are the Clearwell Basins Identical
Clearwell Basin Information
Chlorine
No
Bv Dimensions
R«»pon«» MOST 11« botwoon 0 and 5
How many post-disinfection application points doos the plant havo ?
Fit HELP FS« KEEP DATA 6 OO TO CONPIO. SCRN. P8. CLEAR FIELD FlOj CHOICES ESC ABORT
Figure 5-12 Page 1 of Disinfection Data Entry Screen
36
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Dislnfaction Data
Length of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
Width of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
Minimum Clearwell Basin Depth (ft)
Total Volume of Single Clearwell Basin (gals)
Clearwell Basins Covered
Condition of Baffling in the Clearwell Basin
Total Log Reduction of Giardia Cysts (logs)
Tracer Test Performed on Post Disinfection
Tracer Test Detention Time (min)
Maximum Finished Water pH
Number of Clearwell Distribution Pipes
Pipe Diameter to First Tap (in)
Pipe Length to First Tap (ft)
12
10
14
Unbaffled
7.8
18
500
Figure 5-13 Page 2 of Disinfection Data Entry Screen
37
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5.3 MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATIONS
Once all the Major Unit Process data entry screens are filled out, you may proceed with MUP
evaluations by pressing at the Configuration Screen. The menu that appears contains all four major
unit processes. One or more may be selected for evaluation by placing the cursor and pressing .
MPress to select FLOCCULATION
M Use the arrow keys to move, and to select, each of the other three
processes
You will notice that an asterisk (*) appears to the left of the process when it has been selected, and
disappears when the is pressed again. In this way, one or more of the processes can be selected or
dc-sclccted for evaluation. Once the choice is made, the evaluation process is begun by pressing .
Figure 5-13 shows the screen when all four processes have been
selected.
f Press to begin the Major Unit Process evaluation
MILLCRK SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANTPLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
PLANT DATA Hit to
- Hit
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA: Hit te
Hit to
scroll to doslred process
to toggle soloct/ Not soloct
> abort Analyze
activate Analyze
Performance Potential Graph
0.0% PIF = O.OOmgd
FLOG
0.0%
SED
0.0%
FILT
0.0%
DISNF
1
Which Processes?
* PLOCCUIATION
* SEDIMENTATION
* FILTRATION
* DISINFECTION
ESC:LOAD -FltHELP F2:SAVE F5:ANALYSIS F6:REPORT F7:QUIT F9:PLF DATA ENTRY
Figure 5-14
38
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Individual MUP Reports
At the completion of each MUP evaluation, you have the option to examine the report that has been
prepared on that particular unit process, and if desired, add additional notes to that portion of the report. At
the window that appears when the individual MUP evaluation is done, provides a preview of the report,
allows you to add your own comments to the MUP report, and to proceed.
Queries During the Evaluation
It is possible that the data entry information is incomplete, or some clarification is needed before
the evaluation can proceed. A window may appear requesting a number or a multiple-choice selection be
made. Normally, the choice can be made by positioning the cursor on a line and pressing . If further
help is required, the key will usually produce context-sensitive help text. Once the value has been
supplied, the evaluation will proceed as before.
During the sample Filtration MUP evaluation, once it is determined that the backwashing capacity
is short of the expected 15 gpm/ft2, you will be asked if minor modifications would increase backwashing to
that expected level.
Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to Minor Modifications
ress to view a definition of 'minor modifications'
Many of the windows that present further explanations, or request a reply from the user, have
highlighted words or phrases that may be selected with the arrow keys. This is hypertext help, which
elaborates on a particular topic when the user chooses further information. Pressing selects the
topic, and pressing one or more times will return you back to the original window.
M 'Press to return to the question window
M Use the arrow keys to move the cursor to YES
M Press to answer the question and proceed
Performance Potential Graph
At the completion of the final Major Unit Process evaluation, the Advisor returns to the
Configuration Screen. The Performance Potential Graph is now cleared of cross-hatching, and the results of
the evaluations are displayed on the graph. Each unit process rated capacity is displayed as a percentage of
the plant's peak instantaneous flow.
39
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MILLCRK
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT PLANTPLANT CONFIGURATION
GENERAL PLANT DATA:
SPECIFIC UNIT PROCESS DATA:
RAW DATA
FLOCCULATION
Performance Potential Graph
PIF =0.50 mgd
FILTRATION
PERFORMANCE POTENTIAL GRAPH
COMPARES THE EXPECTED FLOW
TREATABLE BY EXISTING MAJOR
UNIT PROCESS FACILITIES AGAINST
THE CURRENT PEAK FLOW
ESC:LOAD F1:HELP F2:SAVE F5:ANALYSIS F6:REPORT F7:QUIT F9:PLF DATA ENTRY
Figure 5-15
5.4 CORRECTIVE CONSIDERATIONS
After performing the initial MUP evaluation, DWTP Advisor will examine the potential to improve
plant performance through certain Corrective Considerations. At this point you will see a message window
which informs the user that Corrective Consideration 1 may be applicable (Reducing Peak Flow by increasing
Operating Hours.)
After reading the text, press to continue
In order to bring all Major Unit Processes to Type 1 status, this plant would have to operate 23
hours a day. DWTP asks you whether this is possible and provides a menu window for your response.
Move cursor to 'No, operating hours cannot be increased to that level'
Press to select this response
Next, DWTP asks the maximum daily operating time to which this plant can be increased. This
time there is no selection menu because DWTP Advisor expects the user to type in a number.
Type 18 then press
You have now seen the two types of prompts, menu and numeric, used by DWTP Advisor to obtain
additional information necessary for the Corrective Considerations. Similar prompts will be encountered
during the PLF analysis process. These prompts allow DWTP Advisor to pursue a specific line of reasoning
based upon the plant characteristics defined in the data entry screens. Since these prompts are presented
only when they might apply to PLF determination at a site, the user is spared from entering data which is not
relevant to a specific PLF analysis.
40
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DWTP Advisor has considered the effect of increasing plant operating hours to 18. A window
describing these effects is presented.
After reading the text, press to continue
DW'l'P Advisor next informs the user that a record of this consideration will be posted in the Observation
Report.
Press to continue
A second Corrective Consideration (Evaluation as Direct Filtration) is now pursued.
After reading the text, press to continue
The justification for this consideration is explained in the following window.
After reading the text, press to continue
This time, it was not necessary for the user to provide additional data in order for DWTP Advisor to complete
the consideration. The results of this Corrective Consideration are immediately displayed.
After reading the text, press to continue
5.5 PLF DATA ENTRY
In many cases where a Drinking Water Treatment Plant is not operating to its potential, simple
modifications to the plant structure and/or operating procedures can improve the plant's capacity and
effluent water quality. Factors which result in substandard operational characteristics of the Drinking Water
Treatment Plant are referred to as Performance Limiting Factors or PLFs. Once the Major Unit Process
Evaluation is complete, you may want to determine the primary PLFs at your site and the actions you can
take to reduce the effects of these PLFs.
Press to move to PLF Data Entry
Note that you must have previously completed evaluation of all Major Unit Processes in order to enter the
PLF portion of DWTP Advisor.
The PLF Configuration Screen
After all the Corrective Considerations applicable to the plant are completed, the user proceeds to
the PLF Configuration Screen. This screen is similar in appearance to the Major Unit Process Configuration
Screen. Categories of Performance Limiting Factors are represented by rectangular boxes drawn on the
screen. The arrow keys allow the user to position the cursor on a box. Pressing displays the data
entry screen associated with the current box. These data screens operate in the same manner as the MUP
data entry screens. Once inside a data entry screen saves changes and exits; aborts changes and
exits. This sample session will not explore the contents of each PLF data screen but feel free to do so on your
own. Notice that data is already present in each ungrayed slot from the MILLCRK.SAV save file.
41
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PLF Analysis
The PLF analysis is initiated by pressing F5 at the PLF Configuration Screen.
Press to begin the PLF analysis
Press to select 'Analyze Data for Performance Limiting Factors'
As the PLF analysis proceeds, DW'iJf Advisor will prompt you for additional necessary data (as
described in the Corrective Consideration section above.) A list of prompts and suggested responses follows.
These arc the data used to produce the report found in Appendix B. You are not required to follow the
suggested responses however, be aware that using your own data may change the number and types of
questions asked. In addition, the report you produce may differ from that shown in Appendix B.
Prompt: You have indicated that the operators are not able to perform continuous testing of the disinfectant
residual in finished water. Indicate the most appropriate reason why.
Response: Lack of funds to purchase appropriate equipment.
Prompt: How often is the alkalinity of the raw water tested?
Response: Daily
Prompt: Is the mechanical coagulant mixer being used correctly at the point of coagulant addition?
Response: Mixer Used Correctly
Prompt: The plant is disposing backwash into surface waters. Does the plant have a permit to do this?
Response: Yes
Prompt: You have indicated that the plant is able to feed coagulant. Are the available coagulant feeders
and supplies actually used to feed coagulant into the process stream?
Response: Coagulant Used
Prompt: You have indicated that coagulant aid (cationic polymer) is necessary for proper plant operation.
Docs the plant have the chemical feeders and supplies necessary to feed coagulant aid (cationic polymer)?
And, if the supplies are available, are they in use?
Response: Available and In Use
Prompt: You have indicated floe/filtration aid is necessary for proper plant operation. Does the plant have
the chemical feeders and supplies necessary to feed flocculation and/or filtration aid? And, if the supplies
are available, are they in use?
Response: Available and In Use
Prompt: How turbulent is the water where flocculation and/or filtration aids are fed into the process stream?
Response: Gentle
Prompt: You have indicated other chemicals are necessary for proper plant operation. Does the plant have
the chemical feeders and supplies necessary to feed chemicals other than flocculation/filtration aids? And, if
the supplies are available, are they in use?
Response: Available and In Use
Prompt: Minimum raw water pH is less than 6.5, which indicates the need for stabilization with lime
or
42
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soda ash. Does the plant have the chemical feeders and supplies necessary to feed lime or soda ash for
stabilization? And, if the supplies are available, are they in use?
Response: Not Available
Prompt: Can the operator of the plant obtain the chemical feeders and supplies necessary for feeding
chemicals that are necessary but not currently used?
Response: Yes
Prompt: Do automated controls degrade plant performance during start-up and shutdown?
Response: No degradation.
Prompt: Is there a backup unit available to replace the coagulant feeder?
Response: Available
Prompt: Is there a backup pump or alternative system available to replace the main backwash pump?
Response: Available
Prompt: Is there a backup unit available to replace the cationic polymer feeder?
Response: Available
Prompt: Is there a backup unit available to replace the flocculation and/or filtration aid feeders)?
Response: Available
Prompt: Current water demand is normal based on the average for this area. Are there any future
considerations (industrial or population growth, etc.) that indicate the need for water conservation?
Response: Conservation needed
Prompt: Due to the possible future need for water conservation, does the administration encourage a
program of reduced water consumption among industry and the public?
Response: Conservation encouraged
Prompt: Since backwashing is determined primarily by time and/or head loss, does the turbidity of the
filtered water often increase significantly above normal operating levels before backwashing is initiated?
Response: Turbidity increases significantly
Report Generation, View, and Save Features
After DW'l'P Advisor has requested all necessary data and completed a PLF analysis, a text report detailing
the Performance Limiting Factors for this site is produced. As is the case with the individual Major Unit
Process report, the user has the option to press to preview the report, to add comments to the
report, or to continue.
Press to continue
Once returned to the PLF Configuration Screen, a window in the lower left corner of the screen displays the
primary Performance Limiting Factors for this site. At this point, F6 enables the user to generate a final
report which contains all Major Unit Process reports, the observation report, and the PLF report.
Press
43
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As you read the final report, press Enter to scroll the screen one page at a time. After reading the report,
0WTP Advisor prompts you for the disposition of the report.
Choose 'Save the report' then press
A window appears which prompts you for a report save file name.
Type MYCRK.DOC then press
A file named MYCRK.DOC is created on your disk. This file can be loaded into any word processor which
reads ASCII files for subsequent editing. Note that the F2 feature at the configuration screen saves only the
input data. Therefore if you do not save the report at this time, you must run another analysis to reproduce
the report information.
Since we have not modified the input data since the last save (F2) we could exit at this time without saving
and not lose any information. However, it is a good practice to save your data before exiting so that you do
not accidentally lose information.
Press to exit to DOS
Select 'Save current data & Exit' then press
The save window appears with the name MYCRK.SAV.
Press to keep this name and overwrite the existing file with the
current data
Note that the save process actually creates two files. The .SAV file contains only the MUP data for a site. A
file by the same name with an .SV2 extension contains the PLF data for a site. The user does not need to be
aware of this process except to realize that deleting files with an .SAV or an .SV2 extension can cause loss of
data.
CONGRATULATIONS! You have completed the DWTP Advisor sample session.
44
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APPENDIX A
DWTP ADVISOR DATA ELEMENTS
A-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX A
DWTP ADVISOR DATA ENTRY FORMS
As described in Chapter 2 of this User Documentation, the DWTP Advisor accepts data via a series of Data Entry Forms.
This Appendix lists the questions that appear on all the system's Data Entry Forms, as well as the acceptable answers to these
questions. This Appendix may be useful for compiling data from the Data Collection Forms in the Interim Handbook:
Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction Program Approach.
The system questions, help explanations, and answer options presented in the pages that follow are organized in two
columns. The left column includes three types of information. In order of appearance, they are:
Screen Text Questions - The abbreviated form of each DWTP Advisor question is listed as the item title.
This is the same text that appears in the Data Entry Form Question List Window.
Help - More detailed instructions for answering the question appears below the item tide. This is the text
that appears when is pressed from within the Data Entry Form.
Expanded Question - The version of the question that appears in the Expanded Question Window is listed
below the Help text in italics. This question is a more detailed explanation of the required user response
or action.
The acceptable answers/inputs corresponding to each question in the left column are specified in the right Answer Options
column. The inputs appear either in the form of a list of multiple choice options, or, for numeric answers, lower and upper
bounds of the number that can be entered for that question. These are the values that would appear if you typed from
the Data Entry Form.
A-2
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APPENDIX A (continued)
DWTP ADVISOR DATA ENTRY FORMS
The questions are grouped by Data Entry Form and can be found on the following pages.
General Plant Data
Raw Water Source Data
Flocculation Data
Sedimentation Data
Filtration Data
Disinfection Data
Administrative PLF Data
Design PLF Data
Design PLF: Chemical Addition Data
Operational PLF Data
Operational PLF: Process Control Data
A-4
A-7
A-9
A-12
A-18
A-23
A-30
A-33
A-37
A-38
A-42
A-3
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GENERAL PLANT DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
Name of Plant
What is the name of the Drinking Water Treatment Plant
that is currently being investigated?
What is the name of your Drinking Water Treatment
Plant?
Name of Evaluator
Enter your name as the evaluator of the plant, and/or
the name of anyone that is assisting you in this
evaluation.
Who is the evaluator of the plant?
Population Served
What population does this plant serve?
What population does this plant serve?
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Peak instantaneous flows are established by the evaluator
through discussions with operator(s), review of plant
records, and plant capacity. Ninety percent of the
operators will be able to identify the pump(s) that is
used most of the time.
For each pump, convert its rating to mgd using the
following conversion:
Pump = X gpm*1440 min/day*l mil gals/1000000 gal(s)
For example, suppose that a plant has 3 pumps rated at
1736 gpm, but only two are used and one is in reserve.
Then the peak instantaneous flow is
2*(1736 gpm* 1440 min/day*l million gals/1,000,000 gal(s)),
or, 2*2.5 = 5 mgd.
In cases where more than one pump is used, select the pump
with the highest rated capacity.
What is the HIGHEST FLOW RATE (in MGD) at which the
plant operated during the last 12 months?
DWTP name
Your name
1 Lower bound: 1
1 Upper bound: 10,000,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 900
-------
GENERAL PLANT DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
5. Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
What is the daily operating time for the plant, in hours
per day?
What is the daily operating time, in hours per day?
6. Settled Water Turbidity (Historical)
In the past 12 months, how often has the settled water
turbidity been less than 5 NTU? Ideally, the historical
data should indicate that the settled water is less than
5 NTU at least 95% of the time.
In the past 12 months, what percentage of the time was
the settled water turbidity less than 5 NTU?
7. Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
In the past 12 months, how often has the finished water
turbidity been less than 0.5 NTU? Ideally, the historical
data should indicate that the finished water is less than
0.5 NTU at least 95% of the time.
In the past 12 months, what percentage of the time was
the finished water turbidity less than 0.5 NTU?
Validity of 12 Month Historical Data
Are there any reasons why the historical data values
recorded do not accurately reflect the plant? For
example, are the turbidimeters calibrated incorrectly
without operator knowledge? Do the recorded
data misrepresent the actual plant performance?
Are there any reasons why the historical values recorded
do not accurately reflect the plant?
Lower bound: 1
Upper bound: 24
GT or Equal to 95%
Less Than 95%
Not Recorded
1 GT or Equal to 95%
1 Less Than 95%
> Not Recorded
1 Data Accurate
1 Data Inaccurate
A-5
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GENERAL PLANT DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
9. Special Studies Turbidity Profile
As indicated by the special studies data, how much,
in NTU, does the individual filtered water turbidity
increase during the 30 minutes immediately after
backwashing?
How much does the individual filtered water turbidity
increase during the 30 minutes immediately after
backwashing, in NTU?
10. Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Do the special studies indicate that the finished water
turbidity is less than 0.5 NTU at least 95% of the time
monitored?
Do special studies indicate that the finished water
turbidity is less than 0.5 NTU at least 95% of the time?
13. Validity of the Special Studies
Is there any indication that the special studies data are due
to rare conditions, (ie: 1 or 2 days per year), and that the
performance is normally good?
Is the special studies data accurate or inaccurate due to
rare conditions?
0
50
GT or Equal to 95%
Less Than 95%
Not Recorded
> Accurate
1 Inaccurate
A-6
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RAW WATER SOURCE DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
1. Minimum Raw Water Temperature (C)
What was the minimum raw water temperature during the
last 12 months, in degrees Celsius?
What was the minimum raw water temperature during
the last 12 months, in degrees Celsius?
2. Raw Water Source
To determine raw water stability, several aspects should
be examined. For example, prepare a plot of the daily
raw water turbidities for a twelve month period versus
time. If the plot shows a large number of points well
above or below average values, water quality is usually
considered unstable. Typically water from a lake or
reservoir is of stable quality, but water subject to
runoff, such as a river, is unstable.
What is the Raw Water Source used for this water
treatment plant?
Maximum Raw Water pH
What was the maximum pH of the raw water at the first
point of pre-disinfection during the last twelve months?'
What was the maximum raw water pH at the first point
of pre-disinfection during the last 12 months?
Minimum Raw Water pH
What was the minimum pH of the raw water at the first
point of pre-disinfection during the last twelve months?
What was the minimum raw water pH at the first point
of pre-disinfection during the last 12 months?
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 25
Lake
River
Protective Reservoir
Lower bound: 5
Upper bound: 9
Lower bound: 3
Upper bound: 9
A-7
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RAW WATER SOURCE DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS ANSWER OPTIONS
The Plant Has a Raw Water Transmission Pipe.
Does the plant have a raw water transmission pipe?
Does the plant have a raw water
transmission pipe?
Diameter of Raw Water Transmission Pipe (in)
What is the average diameter, in inches, of the
transmission line carrying raw water between the
pre-disinfection point and the water treatment plant?
What is the average diameter of the transmission line
carrying raw water from the pre-disinfection point to the
plant?
Length of Raw Water Transmission Pipe (ft)
What is the length of the raw water transmission line between
the pre-disinfection point and water treatment plant, in feet?
What is the distance between the water source and the water
treatment plant, in feet?
Raw Water Turbidity (NTU's)
90th Percentile Turbidity of the influent water is
the level of turbidity in NTU that, in the past 12
months, 90% of daily samples were LOWER THAN, and 10%
were HIGHER.
What is the 90th percentile level of
influent turbidity over the last 12
months, in NTU?
Yes
No
Lower bound: 3
Upper bound: 36
Lower bound: 1
Upper bound: 100,000
Lower Bound: 1
Upper Bound: 5000
A-8
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FLOCCULATION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
1. Number of Flocculator Basins
How many flocculation basins does this plant have?
How many flocculation basins does this plant have?
2. Are Flocculation and Sedimentation Combined?
Solids contact systems use a single basin to perform
both flocculation and sedimentation. Due to the
physical structure of this type of system, it is
difficult to accurately access the flocculation
ability of the basin. Therefore, DWTP Advisor will
assume the flocculation portion of the basin is
adequate and will produce a combined Floc/Sed rating
based upon the sedimentation data.
Are the flocculation and sedimentation
basins combined in a solids contact
system?
3. Flocculation Basin Configuration
In Series, two or more basins are in line and the water
flows through each sequentially. In Parallel, there
are one or more basins parallel with the first. The
system will not analyze a mixed series-parallel
configuration. In this case, either sum the volumes
together and analyze all the basins as a single basin,
or, evaluate each branch (series branch or parallel
branch) separately.
If you have more than one flocculation basin, is the
configuration in Series or Parallel? If both Series and
Parallel apply to this configuration, read help.
4. Are Flocculation Basins Identical?
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 10
> Floe & Sed Combined
> Floe & Sed Separate
Series
Parallel
Yes
No
Are all of the flocculation basins identical in size? If the
basins are identical or so similar that they can be
evaluated together, you would answer yes.
Are all of the flocculation basins identical, or, are they
all similar enough to be evaluated together?
A-9
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FLOCCULATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
5. # of Mixing Stages in a Single Flocculation Basin
How many stages are present in a single flocculation
basin?
How many stages are present in a single flocculation
basin?
6. Condition of Baffling
Do baffles or walls separating mixing stages in the
flocculation basin(s) have to be repaired before it
will be possible to achieve adequate performance?
Do flocculation basin baffles or walls
separating mixing stages need repair?
1. Flocculation Basin Mixer Type
Flocculation can be achieved by hydraulic methods or a
number of mechanical devices:
- Mechanical devices include paddles or turbines
- Hydraulic methods apply energy to water by means of
numerous baffles
If a basin has a mixture of hydraulic and mechanical stages,
then select the type that is most prevalent or that BEST
describes the basin's type.
Select the appropriate type of flocculation.
8. Flocculation Mixer Control
Certain proprietary mechanical flocculator and clarifier
designs have variable speeds which allow energy input
to the floe to be adjusted. Is variable speed available?
Choose between a constant speed or a variable speed
flocculator.
9. Flocculation Mixer Energy Level
In. mechanical flocculation, gentle mixing is necessary
for adequate floe formation. Weak mixing will prevent
floe from forming and excessive mixing is indicated by
the appearance of turbulence.
Characterize the mixing speed in the
flocculation mixing stages.
Lower bound: 1
Upper bound: 20
Need Repair
Do Not Need Repair
Mechanical
Hydraulic
Variable
Constant
Weak
Adequate
Turbulent
A-10
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FLOCCULATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
10. Flocculation Basin Information
If you know the volume of the flocculation basin in
gallons, select By Volume. If you know the dimensions
(Width, Length, and Depth) of the flocculation basin
in feet, select By Dimensions.
Do you want to describe the size of the flocculation
basin By Volume (gallons) or By Dimensions (feet)?
11. Length of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
What is the length of a single flocculation basin, in feet?
What is the length of a single flocculation basin, in feet?
12. Width of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
What is the width of a single flocculation basin, in feet?
What is the width of a single flocculation basin, infect?
13. Depth of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
What is the depth of a single flocculation basin, in feet?
What is the depth of a single flocculation basin, in feet?
14. Volume of Single Flocculation Basin (gals)
What is the total volume of a single flocculation basin,
in gallons?
What is the total volume of a single flocculation basin,
in gallons?
By Volume
By Dimensions
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 10,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 10,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 20
Lower bound: 50
Upper bound: 1,000,000
A-ll
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SEDIMENTATION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
Number of Sedimentation Basins
How many sedimentation basins does this plant have?
How many sedimentation basins does this plant have?
Sedimentation Basin Configuration
In Series, two or more basins are in line and the water
flows through each sequentially. In Parallel, flow is
split amoung two or more basins. The system will not
analyze a mixed series-parallel configuration. In this
case, either sum the volumes together and analyze all
the basins as a single basin or evaluate each branch
(series branch or parallel branch) separately.
If you have more than one sedimentation basin, is the
configuration in Series or Parallel? If the configuration is a
combination of both, see help text.
Are the Sedimentation Basins Identical.
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 6
Series
Parallel
Yes
No
Are all of the sedimentation basins identical in size and
all have the same tube settlers (if the basins have tube
settlers)? If the basins are identical or so similar that
they can be evaluated together, you would answer yes.
Are all of the sedimentation basins identical in size and
tube settlers (if applicable), or are they similar enough to
be evaluated together?
A-12
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SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
4.
Type of Sedimentation Basin(s)
* Rectangular Rectangular Basin where water flows
horizontally
* Circular Upflow Circular basin where water flows upward to
weirs
* Solids Contact Basin Circular basin combining floe, and
sedimentation
* Adsorption Clarifier
* Claricone Select only if the actual
* Solids Contact Pulsed proprietary unit is in use.
* Lamella Plates
Only if proprietary unit.
Staff-installed or after-market duplicates
should be treated as tube settlers.
Select the appropriate type of sedimentation basin.
Shape of Sedimentation Basin
Enter the shape of the sedimentation basin: either
rectangular or circular.
What is the shape of the sedimentation basin?
Sedimentation Basin Information
If you know the dimensions (Width, Length, and Depth)
of the sedimentation basin in feet, select By Dimensions.
If you know the total surface area of the sedimentation
basin in square feet, select By Surface.
Do you want to describe the size of the sedimentation
basin By Dimensions (feet) or By Surface (square
feet)?
Rectangular
Circular Upflow
Solids Contact
Adsorption Clarifier
Lamella Plates
Claricone
Solid Contact Pulsed
Rectangular
Circular
By Dimensions
« By Surface
A-13
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SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
7. Surface Area of Single Sedimentation Basin (sq ft)
The effective surface area consists of those sections of the
sedimentation basin which decrease the water velocity,
allowing particles to settle.
For example, in circular basins include only the
settling area. If the basin has vertical tube or plate
settlers, include only the area over the settlers. For
rectangular tube or plate settlers, include the area at
the face of the settlers. In absorption clarifiers use
the total surface area over the absorption media.
What is the effective surface area of
a single sedimentation basin, in square feet?
8. Length of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
What is the length of a single sedimentation basin,
in feet?
What is the length of a single sedimentation basin,
in feet?
9. Width of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
What is the width of a single sedimentation basin, in feet?
What is the width of a single sedimentation basin, in feet?
10. Depth of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
How deep is a single sedimentation basin, in feet? In
rectangular basins, use the average depth over the entire
basin. In circular basins, use the depth at the outside
wall.
The depth of the basin is generally available on
plant record drawings, manufacturer's literature (e.g.,
package plant) or in plant O&M manuals. If these
sources are unavailable or do not contain the needed
information, measure the basin's depth directly.
What is the depth of a single sedimentation basin, in feet?
11. Diameter of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
What is the diameter of the sedimentation basin, in feet?
What is the diameter of the sedimentation basin, in feet?
Lower bound: 100
Upper bound: 50,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 1,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 1,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 25
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 1,000
A-14
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SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
12. Tube/Plate Settlers Used
Does the sedimentation basin use tube/plate settlers to improve
the setting capability of the basin?
Does the sedimentation basin use tube/plate settlers to improve
the setting capability of the basin?
13. Tube/Plate Settler Orientation
Vertical tubes/plates are usually installed at less
than a 45 degree angle from vertical, whereas
horizontal tubes are installed at a 45 degree
angle or larger. Normally, horiontal tubes are at
7.5 degrees from horizontal.
What type of tube/plate settlers are installed in the
sedimentation basin?
14. Surface Area Over Vertical Tubes (sq ft)
The effective surface area consists of those sections
of the vertical tube settlers which decrease the water
velocity, allowing particles to settle. With vertical
settlers, include only the settling area over the
settlers in a single basin.
What is the surface area over the sedimentation basin
vertical tubes?
15. Sludge Removal Method
Yes
No
Horizontal
Vertical
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 100,000
1 Manual
1 Mechanical
Is the sludge in the sedimentation basin removed
mechanically or manually. If more than one basin is
present, we are concerned with the one with the least
regular solids removal.
Is sludge removed manually or mechanically?
16. Sludge Removal Frequency
Are settled solids removed from the sedimentation
basin(s) on a regular basis? Solids should be removed
frequently enough to prevent excess settled sludge
build-up and loss of solids in effluent.
Are settled solids removed from the
sedimentation basin(s) on a regular basis?
1 Regular
1 Irregular
A-15
-------
SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
17. Sedimentation Basin Inlet Condition
Does the position of the water inlet limit performance
of the sedimentation basin? Specifically, does the
flow of the incoming water disturb settling conditions
in the basin?
Not Disruptive
Disruptive
Do inlet conditions of the sedimentation
basin disrupt good settling?
18. Sedimentation Basin Outlet Condition
Are sedimentation outlet conditions causing poor
performance? Does a lack of surface area development
by weirs or effluent launders cause solids loss?
Are sedimentation outlet conditions
causing poor performance?
19. Sedimentation. Basin Mode
Is the sedimentation system functioning in a Softening
or Turbidity mode. Softening is indicated by the addition
of lime or lime and soda ash for the purpose of removing
calcium'and/or magnesium (hardness). Turbidity is
indicated by the addition of metal salts or cationic
polymers.
Is the sedimentation basin functioning in a Softening
mode, a Turbidity mode, or is it Part-Year Softening/
Part-Year Turbidity?
20. Peak. Instantaneous Flow (Mgd) in Turbidity Mode
What was the highest flow rate experienced by the
plant during the time it was in turbidity mode?
What is the HIGHEST FLOW RATE (in mgd) at which the
plant operated during the last 12 months while in
Turbidity mode?
No Performance Limit
Limits Performance
Softening
Turbidity
Part Year Turb/Soft.
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 900
A-16
-------
SEDIMENTATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
21. Peak Instantaneous Flow(Mgd) in Softening Mode
What was the highest flow rate experienced by the
plant during the time it was in softening mode?
What is the HIGHEST FLOW RATE (in mgd) at which the
plant operated during the last 12 months while in
Softening mode?
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 900
A-17
-------
FILTRATION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
4.
Number of Filters
How many filters does this plant have?
How many filters does this plant have?
Filters Sizes Identical
Are all of the filters identical in size? If the basins are
identical or so similar that they can be evaluated together,
you would answer yes.
Are all of the filters identical in size, or are they all
similar enough in size to be evaluated together?
Filter Medias the Same
Various filter designs using coal and garnet layers in
conjunction with sand layers (i.e. dual- or triple-media
filters) are common. If an individual filter uses only
one type of media, and if all filters use the same type of
media, select 'Yes'.
Are all the filter medias of the same type?
Filter Media
What type of media is used in this filtration unit?
Choose from among the following:
Sand/Mono - a one-layer filter with sand as the filter medium
Dual - Two separate layers of filtering media. The layers are
typically composed of sand and anthracite.
Mixed - More than two layers of filtering media. A typical
mixed media filter has layers composed of sand,
anthracite, and garnet. Ilmenite is sometimes
substituted for garnet.
Deep Bed - A deep bed (depth of greater than 4 feet) filter
with anthracite or granular activated carbon
(GAC) media. A layer of sand may also be used
under the primary layer of media.
What type of media is employed in this filtration unit?
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 20
'Yes
'No
Yes
No
Sand/Mono
Dual
Mixed
Deep Bed
A-18
-------
FILTRATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
5. Filter Size Information
If you know the dimensions (Width, Length, and Depth)
of the filter basin in feet, select By Dimensions. If you
know the total surface area of the filter in square feet,
select By Surface.
Do you want to describe the size of the filter By
Dimensions (feet) or By Surface (square feet)?
6. Length of Single Filter (ft)
What is the length of a single filter, in feet?
What is the length of a single filter, in feet?
7. Width of Single Filter (ft)
What is the width of a single filter, in feet?
What is the width of a single filter, in feet?
8. Depth of Single Filter (in)
What is the depth of the filter media(excluding support
gravel)? Either check the specifications of the filter
media or measure the depth directly by probing the
filter with a steel rod. The rod will stop when it
contacts the support gravel. Care must be taken not to
damage the garnet layer in mixed media filters.
What is the depth of the filter media,
in inches?
9. Surface Area of Single Filter (sq ft)
What is the effective surface area of a single filter, in
square feet? If the filters are different sizes, enter the
area of the largest filter.
What is the surface area of a single filter, in square feet?
1 By Dimensions
| By Surface
Lower bound: 0
' Upper bound: 10,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 10,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 96
Lower bound: 6
Upper bound: 1,000
A-19
-------
FILTRATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
10. Multiple Backwash Methods?
Are different backwash systems being used for different
types of filters?
Are different backwash systems being used for different
types of filters?
11. Backwash Method
Indicate the type of backwash system used for
backwashing the filters. Choose from among the
following:
Backwash Pump - A pump exists specifically for
backwashing the filters
Distribution System - Water from the distribution system
is used to backwash the filters
Elevated Storage - An elevated storage is used to create
the pressure necessary for backwashing
What type of system is used for backwashing the filters?
12. Filter Backwash Pump Capacity (gal/min)
You have indicated that the backwash method for the
filters is a backwash pump. What is the rate, in gpm, at
which the backwash pump can backwash one filter?
Enter the pump capacity and not the actual operating rate,
since the pump may be throttled.
What is the design pumping rate of the backwash pump,
in gpm?
13. Filter Backwash Flow Rate (gal/min)
You have indicated that the backwash method for the
filters is distribution system or elevated storage.
What is the rate, in gpm, at which backwash water can
be directed to a filter? A flow meter may be required to
get an accurate value.
What is the maximum flow rate of the backwash water, in gpm?
Yes
No
Backwash Pump
Distribution System
Elevated Storage
Lower Bound: 0
' Upper Bound: 20,000
1 Lower bound: 0
> Upper bound: 20,000
A-20
-------
FILTRATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
14. Air Binding
Do one or more of the filters show evidence of air
binding when a filter is turned off prior to backwashing?
Choose the correct level of binding.
Moderate - Some bubbles released, but no appreciable
surface agitation
Severe - Bubbles produce boiling effect
None (or Low) - No presence, or, a minute presence of
bubbles
What is the level of air binding of the filters?
15. Operators Filter to Waste After Backwash
Do the plant operators filter the waste following a
backwash until filtered water quality is less than
0.5 NTU?
Do the operators filter the waste following a backwash
until filtered water quality is less than 0.5
' Severe
' Moderate
1 None
Yes
No
NTU?
16. Type of Filter
Does this filter use gravity to pass water through the filter
media, or is the water forced through the media under
pressure? A pressure filter will be enclosed in a steel tank.
Does the water flow through the filter via gravity or
pressure?
17. Design Filter Media Depth (in)
What is the design depth of the filter media (excluding
support gravel)? This data will probably be available in
the design specifications or drawings. Enter the design
filter media depth in inches.
What is the designed filter media depth, in inches?
Gravity
Pressure
1 Lower Bound: 1
1 Upper Bound: 96
A-21
-------
FILTRATION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
18. Expanded Filter Bed Size (in)
What is the measurement from the top of the filter box to
the expanded media (during backwashing with the filter at
its maximum expansion)?
What is the distance from the top of the filter box to the
expanded media of the filter, in inches? NOTE: Expanded
depth will be smaller than expected.
19. Unexpanded Filter Bed Size (in)
What is the measurement from the top of the filter box to
the unexpended media (e.g., before backwashing)?
What is the distance from the top of the filter box to the
unexpanded media (e.g., before backwashing)?
NOTE: Unexpanded depth will be greater than expanded.
Lower Bound: 1
Upper Bound: 120
Lower Bound: 1
Upper Bound: 120
A-22
-------
DISINFECTION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
1. Number of Post-disinfection Points Available
Disinfection is the practice of adding a disinfecting agent
to the plant flow. Any disinfection conducted before the
filtration process is considered pre-disinfection.
Disinfection after the filtration process is considered
post-disinfection.
How many post-disinfection application points does the
plant have?
2. Number of Post-disinfection Points Used
How many of the plant's post-disinfection application
points are in use?
How many of the plant's post-disinfection application
points are in use?
3. Type of Post-disinfection
What type of disinfecting agent is being administered at
this application point?
What type of disinfecting agent is being administered at
this application point?
4. Plant Pre-disinfects
Any disinfection conducted before the filtration process is
considered pre-disinfection.
Does the plant pre-disinfect?
5. Is Pre-disinfection Legal in This State?
Do the regulations of this state allow pre-disinfection
in surface water treatment plants?
Is pre-disinfection Legal in this state?
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 5
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 5
Chlorine
Chlorine Dioxide
Chloramine
Other
Yes
No
Yes
No
A-23
-------
DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
9.
10.
Number of Pre-disinfection Points Available
Disinfection is the practice of adding a disinfecting agent
to the plant flow. Any disinfection conducted before the
filtration process is considered pre-disinfection.
Disinfection after the filtration process is considered
post-disinfection.
How many pre-disinfection application points does the
plant have?
Number of Pre-disinfection Points Used
How many of the plant's pre-disinfection application
points are in use?
How many of the plant's pre-disinfection application
points are in use?
Pre-disinfection Application Point
Pre-disinfection is the addition of a disinfectant such as
chlorine, prior to sedimentation. The application point is
dependent on the treatment train, but usually follows
screening and precedes settling.
Where is the pre-disinfection application point?
Type of Pre-disinfectant
What type of disinfecting agent is being administered at
this application point?
What type of disinfecting agent is being administered at
this application point?
The Plant has a Presedimentation Basin.
Water contaminated with sand, dirt, mud, etc., can be
treated in a presedimentation basin. Presedimentation
basins are often earthen reservoirs, sometimes
concrete basins, used to settle large particles before
treatment.
Does the plant have a presedimentation basin?
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 5
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 5
Source
Prior Psed
Prior Floe
Prior Sed
None
Chlorine
Chlorine Dioxide
Other
Yes
No
A-24
-------
DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
11. Condition of Baffling in Presedimentation Basin
Unless the presed basin is baffled, its effective detention
time will be much lower than the theoretical detention time
calculated by using the nominal volume. Choose one of the
following to describe the baffling in the presedimentation
basin:
Unbaffled - None, agitated basin, high inlet and outlet flow
velocities, variable water level
Poor - Single or multiple unbaffled inlets and outlets, no
intra-basin baffles
Average - Baffled inlet or outlet with some intra-basin
baffling
Superior - Perforated inlet baffle, serpentine or perforated
intra-basin baffles, outlet weir, or perforated weir
Excellent - Serpentine baffling throughout basin
CAUTION: Few presed basins can be rated better than
Unbaffled. If you assign a higher rating than Unbaffled
be very sure that the presed basin meets the requirements.
Choose the description that best represents the baffling of
the presedimentation basin.
12. Number of Clearwell Basins
How many clearwells or other finished water reservoirs
exist between the post-disinfection application point and
first tap?
How many clearwells or other finished water reservoirs
east between the post-disinfection application point and
the first tap?
13. Are the Clearwell Basins Identical
Are all of the clearwell basins identical in size? If the
basins are identical or so similar that they can be
evaluated together, you would answer yes.
Are all of the clearwell basins identical in size, or, are
they similar enough to be evaluated together?
Unbaffled
Poor
Average
Superior
Excellent
Lower bound: 1
Upper bound: 5
Yes
No
A-25
-------
DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
14. Clearwell Basin Information
If you know the volume of the clearwell basin in gallons,
select By Volume. If you know the dimensions (Width,
Length, and Depth) of the clearwell basin in feet, select
By Dimensions.
Do you want to describe the size of the clearwell basin
By Volume (gallons) or By Dimensions (feet)?
15. Length of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
What is the length of a single clearwell basin, in feet?
What is the length of a single clearwell basin, in feet?
16. Width of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
What is the width of a single clearwell basin, in feet?
What is the width of a single clearwell basin, in feet?
17. Minimum Clearwell Basin Depth (ft)
What is the minimum depth of the clearwell basin, in
in feet ? If the water level varies widely over the
course of the day due to changing water demand,
periodic operation of the plant, backwash pumping, etc.
calculate the volume using the minimum depth of water
that any clearwell contains at any point.
What is the minimum depth of the clearwell basin, in feet?
18. Total Volume of Single Clearwell Basin (gals)
What is the minimum volume of water maintained in a
single clearwell basin? If the water level varies widely
over the course of the day due to changing water demand,
periodic operation of the plant, backwashing activities,
etc., calculate the volume using the minimum depth of
water that the clearwell contains at any point.
What is the minimum volume of water in a single clearwell
basin at any time, in gallons? If you have more than one
basin, and they are not alike, read help.
1 By Volume
1 By Dimensions
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 10,000
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 10,000
1 Lower bound: 0
' Upper bound: 10,000
> Lower bound: 0
> Upper bound: 50,000,000
A-26
-------
DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
19. Clearwells Basins Covered
Are the plant's clearwells covered and unlikely
to be contaminated by wildlife or other environmental
factors?
Yes
No
Are the plant's clearwells covered
in order to prevent contamination
by wildlife or other environmental
factors?
20. Condition of Baffling in ClearweU Basin
Unless the clearwell is baffled, its effective
detention time will be much lower than the
theoretical detention time calculated by using the
nominal volume. Choose one of the following to
describe the baffling in the clearwell.
Unbaffled - None, agitated basin, high inlet and outlet
flow velocities, variable water level.
Poor - Single or multiple unbaffled inlets and outlets, no
intra-basin baffles.
Average - Baffled inlet or outlet with some intra-basin
baffling.
Superior - Perforated inlet baffle, serpentine or
perforated intra-basin baffles, outlet weir, or
perforated weir.
Excellent - Serpentine baffling throughout basin.
CAUTION: Few clearwells can be rated better than
"Unbaffled." If you assign a higher rating than
"Unbaffled," be very sure
-------
DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS ANSWER OPTIONS
21. Total Log Reduction of Giardia Cysts (logs)
If the health department has established a minimum log
reduction necessary for this water supply, give that
value. Otherwise, use an estimate of the necessary;
reduction based upon raw water quality.
A 3-log reduction of Giardia cysts is generally
acceptable for lakes or reservoirs. Rivers or streams
subject to contamination from wastewater discharges,
feedlots or other sources may require 4.0 log reduction
or higher.
Lower bound: 3
Upper bound: 6
What is the total log reduction of Giardia cysts
required for this plant?
22. Tracer Test Performed on Post Disinfection?
Has a tracer study been conducted on finished water
clearwells or storage reservoirs prior to the first tap?
Has a tracer study been conducted on finished water
clearwells or storage reservoirs prior to the first tap?
23. Tracer Test Detention Time (min)
What is the effective detention time for the disinfectant,
as indicated by .the tracer study, in minutes?
What is the effective detention time for the disinfectant,
as indicated by the tracer study, in minutes?
24. Maximum Finished Water pH
What was the highest finished water pH test result
recorded during the past six months?
What was the highest finished water pH test result
recorded during the past six months?
Yes
No
Lower bound: 0
Upper bound: 500
Lower bound: 5
Upper bound: 9
A-28
-------
DISINFECTION DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
25. Number of Clearwell Distribution Pipes
How many distribution pipes carry water from the plant?
If there is more than 1 distribution pipe, the diameter and
length to the first tap will be based on the pipe with the
smallest volume.
How many distribution pipes carry water from the plant?
If there is more than 1, it is very important to read the
help text.
26. Pipe Diameter to First Tap (in)
What is the average diameter, in inches, of the distribution
pipe carrying treated water to the first user tap? If there
is more than 1 pipe, use the diameter of the pipe with the
smallest volume.
What is the average diameter of the distribution pipe over
the distance to the first user tap, in inches? If the pipe
has more than 1 pipe, see help text.
27. Pipe Length to First Tap (ft)
What is the length of pipe carrying treated water from the
final clearwell basin to the first user tap, in ft? If the
plant has more than 1 pipe, therefore more than one
distance, use the distance for the pipe with the smallest
total volume.
What is the distance from the final clearwell to the first
user tap, in feet? If the pipe has more than 1 distance,
see the help text.
Lower bound: 1
« Upper bound: 5
Lower bound: 3
Upper bound: 120
Lower bound: 1
Upper bound: 100,000
A-29
-------
ADMINISTRATIVE PLF DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
Administrative Familiarity With Plant
from a Lack of Administrative
Do administrators lack a first-hand knowledge of plant
needsthrough plant visits or discussions with operator
to the extent that poor budget decisions, poor staff morale,
or limited support for plant modifications is in evidence
and poor performance results?
Do administrators lack a first-hand knowledge of plant
needs to the extent that poor performance results?
Administrative Planning Adequate Planning
Inadequate Planning
Is there evidence of planning on the part of the
administration with respect to the future operation of the
plant? In particular, are the following being anticipated:
changes in or additions to regulations likely to affect the
plant, adequate water supply for future population growth,
adequate funding to maintain high performance, etc.,
Is there evidence of planning on the part of the
administration with respect to the future operation of the
plant?
.Lack of Available Funds Major Performance Limitation
Minor Performance Limitation
Does a lack of available funds cause limitations in plant
performance? Discern between situations where funds are
not available for necessary expenditures and situations
where sufficient funds are available but not used
appropriately.
Does a lack of available funds cause limitations in plant
performance?
Staff Pay Scale Low Pay Scale
Adequate Pay Scale
Does a low pay scale or benefit package discourage more highly
qualified persons from applying for operator positions or cause
operators to leave after they are trained?
Does a low pay scale or benefit package discourage more highly
qualified persons from applying for operator positions or cause
operators to leave after they are trained?
Poor Performance Results
Familiarity
Poor Performance Does Not
Result from a Lack of
Administrative Familiarity
No Performance Limitation
A-30
-------
ADMINISTRATIVE PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
5. Required Certification Certification Required
Certification Not Required
Does the state require water treatment operators to be certified?
Does the state require water treatment operators to be certified?
6. Supervision Performance Is Adversely
Affected by Supervision
Do management styles, organizational capabilities, budgeting
skills, or communication practices at any management level
adversely affect the plant to the extent that performance is
affected? In particular, is there frequent friction between
the superintendent and operators?
Do management styles, organizational capabilities, budgeting
skills, or communication practices at any management level
adversely effect performance?
7. Plant Coverage Plant Operated Without
Staff Present
Is this plant routinely operated without staff present?
Investigate the staffing on evenings, weekends and
holidays/vacations for periods of unstaffed operation.
Is this plant routinely operated without staff present?
8. Water Demand Demand Above Average
Average Demand
The per capita water demand for this plant at peak flow is
gal/day per
capita. How does this level of demand compare to the
average for this area? Answer Average Demand if the excess
water demand is based primarily upon a unique, but justified,
situation.
The per capita water demand for this plant at peak flow is
gal/day per
capita. How does this level of demand compare to the
average for this area?
» Performance Is Not Adversely
Affected by Supervision
»Staff Always Present
During Operation
Demand Below Average
A-31
-------
ADMINISTRATIVE PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS ANSWER OPTIONS
9. Operator's Work Environment
Adequate Work Environment
Does a poor work environment create a condition for
sloppy work habits and low operator morale?
Does a poor work environment create a condition for
sloppy work habits and low operator morale?
10. Workload Distribution Improper Distribution of
Manpower
Does the improper distribution of adequate manpower
(e.g., a higher priority on maintenance tasks) prevent
process adjustments from being made or cause them to
be made at inappropriate times, resulting in poor plant
performance?
Does the improper distribution of adequate manpower
result in poor plant performance?
Poor Work Environment
Proper Distribution of
Manpower
A-32
-------
DESIGN PLF DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
Automatic Critical Unit Control
No Automated Operation
Are automated controls available and used to start
and stop flow through the plant? Automatic operation
of a plant can cause a performance problem when dirty
filters are started.
Are automated controls available and used to start and
stop flow through the plant?
Backwash Water Disposal
Sanitary Sewer
How does the plant dispose of spent backwash water?
Choose from among the following.
Recycled-The backwash water is recycled into the
process stream. Typically the backwash water passes
through a basin where sludge is settled out and
supernatant is recycled.
Sanitary Sewer-The backwash water is directed to a
sanitary sewer.
Surface WaterThe backwash water flows directly into a
river or other body of water.
How does the plant dispose of spent backwash water?
Backwash Rate Control Backwash Rate Control
Adequate
The backwash flow rate control governs the rate at which
backwash water is introduced to the filter. It should
maintain enough flow to clean the filter and prevent
excess flow which could disturb the filter media. Is the
backwash flow rate control adequate?
Is the backwash flow rate control adequate?
Filter Media in Clearwell
No Filter Media in Clearwell
Is there an appreciable amount of filter media in the
clearwell? An abnormal amount would probably be
indicated by small drifts or piles.
Is there an appreciable amount of filter media in the
cleanvell?
Automated Operation
Recycled
Surface Water
Backwash Rate Control
Inadequate
> Filter Media in Clearwell
A-33
-------
DESIGN PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
Influent Flow Rate Measured
No
There should be some means of measuring flow into the
plant in order to optimize plant unit processes and
chemical dosages.
Can the raw water flow rate into the plant be measured
by a meter or other means?
Intake Structure Limits Performance
No Performance Limitation
Does the intake structure cause excessive clogging of
screens, a build-up of silt, or passage of solids that
limit performance?
Does the intake structure limit performance?
Low Service Pump Pump(s) Available
Pump(s) Not Available
Does this plant have low service pumps to raise water
to the plant from the water supply?
Does this plant have low service pumps to raise water
to the plant from the water supply?
Filter Rate Controller Malfunction
Rate Controller
Check for malfunctions in the filter rate controllers by
observing whether or not the valve opens and closes
rapidly, if it searches for the correct position, or if
it fails to operate at all. If there is a malfunction,
the turbidity level of the water from the filter with the
malfunctioning rate control valve may oscillate. Is there
a problem with a filter rate controller?
Is there a problem with a filter rate controller?
'Yes
Malfunction in a Filter
No Malfunction in Filter
Rate Controller
A-34
-------
DESIGN PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
9. Ultimate Sludge Disposal
Sanitary Sewer
How does the landfill dispose of sludge? Chose from
among the following:
LandfillThe sludge is deposited in a landfill.
Sanitary Sewer The sludge is sent into the local
sanitary sewer.
Surface WaterThe sludge is dumped directly into a
river or other body of water.
How does the plant dispose of sludge?
10. Sludge Treatment Degrades Performance
Does Not Degrade
Does the type or capacity of sludge treatment or
disposal facilities cause operation problems that
degrade plant performance?
Does the type or capacity of sludge treatment or
disposal facilities cause operation problems that
degrade plant performance?
11. Clearwell(s) Uncovered Yes
No
Are any of the plant's clearwells uncovered and likely
to be contaminated by wildlife or other environmental
factors?
Are any of the plant's clearwells uncovered and likely
to be contaminated by wildlife or other environmental
factors?
12. Watershed/Reservoir Management
Performance Unimpaired
Does a lack of raw water quality control facilities
(e.g., can intake levels be varied, can .chemicals be
added to control aquatic growth) or inadequate watershed
management practices impair performance (feed lot
run-off, undiluted wastewater, etc.,)?
Does a lack of raw water quality control facilities or
inadequate water shed management practices impair
performance?
Landfill
Surface Water''
Performance
1 Impaired Performance
A-35
-------
DESIGN PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
13. Water Vortex Observed « Vortex(es) Observed
No Vortex Observed
During normal operation a vortex could be caused if a core
of support gravel has been formed from the top to the
bottom of the media. The coarse layer provides an area
where the water will flow through easily, resulting in a
vortex similar to that present when a bathtub is drained.
If a filter is drained, observe the process for the formation
of vortexes. Are any vortexes observed?
Are any vortexes observed during normal filter operation or
when a filter is drained for backwashing?
1 No Filter Drained
A-36
-------
DESIGN PLF: CHEMICAL ADDITION DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS ANSWER OPTIONS
1. Chemical Feeders Adjustable
No
Are the various chemical feeders in the plant sufficiently
easy to adjust so as to allow chemical doses to be matched
to water quality and water flow rate?
Are the chemical feeders reasonably easy to adjust?
2. Chemical Feed Rate Measurable
No
Can the feed rate of the chemical feeders be measured?
Can the feed rate of the chemical feeders be measured?
3. Ability to Feed Cationic Polymer
No
Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
supplies necessary to feed cationic polymer?
Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
supplies necessary to feed cationic polymer?
4. Ability to Feed Floc/Filt Aid at Gentle Mixing
No
Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
supplies necessary to feed flocculation and/or filtration
aid(s) to an area of gentle mixing?
Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
supplies necessary to feed flocculation and/or filtration
aid(s) to an area of gentle mixing?
5. Other Chemical Necessary
No
Do the water conditions or other factors create a need for
chemicals other than coagulants and flocculation/filtration
aids?
Do the water conditions or other factors create a need for
chemicals other than coagulants andflocculationlfiltration
aids?
Yes
Yes
'Yes
Yes
'Yes
A-37
-------
OPERATIONAL PLF DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
Backwash Determination
Turbidity
Typically, the decision to backwash a filter can depend
upon any or all of three factors: head loss, turbidity of
unfiltered water, and time between backwashes. What is
the primary factor which the operator(s) consider when
deciding to backwash a filter?
What is the primary factor which the operator(s) consider
when deciding to backwash a filter?
Chemical Application Limits Performance
No Performance Limitation
Are chemicals (other than coagulants, which are discussed
separately) being applied in a manner that impairs plant
performance? In particular, are chemical being added with
improper dosages or in the wrong combinations?
Are chemicals (other than coagulants, which are discussed
separately) being applied in a manner that impairs plant
performance?
Backwashing Based Upon
Backwashing Based Upon
Time and/or Head Loss
Coagulant Application
'Yes
'No
Are coagulants being applied in a manner that could
impair flocculation basin performance?
Is coagulant application causing poor flocculation/
sedimentation basin performance?
Distribution System Procedures Adequate
Procedures Inadequate
Are distribution system operating procedures (e.g;,
flushing, reservoir management, etc.,) adequate to protect
the integrity of finished water quality?
Are distribution system operating procedures adequate
to protect the integrity of finished water quality?
A-38
-------
OPERATIONAL PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
5.
Feeding Coagulant
'Yes
>No
Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
supplies necessary to feed coagulant into the process
stream?
Does the plant have the physical facilities and chemical
supplies necessary to feed coagulant into the process
stream?
Filters Adequately Washed
Filter(s) Inadequately Cleaned
Are the filters being adequately cleaned by the
backwashing procedures followed by the operators?
Are the filters being adequately cleaned by the
backwashing procedures followed by the operators?
Filter Bumping Yes
No
Do the operators of the plant ever backwash to release
air from a filter and then restart immediately without
actually cleaning a filter?
Do the operators of the plant ever backwash to release
air from a filter and then restart immediately without
actually cleaning a filter?
Filter Started Dirty Filters) Started Dirty '
Filters) Always Backwashed
Do the operators of the plant ever start a filter without
backwashing it first? In particular, plants that operate
less than 24 hours a day should be investigated for this
problem.
Do the operators of the plant ever start a filter without
backwashing it first?
Filter Media in Backwash Water Troughs
No Media in Backwash Water
Do the backwash water troughs contain filter media,
indicating that the filters are backwashed with too
much pressure?
Do the backwash water troughs contain filter media?
> Filter(s) Adequately Cleaned
Media in Backwash Water
A-39
-------
OPERATIONAL PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS ANSWER OPTIONS
10. Operational Technical Guidance
No Performance Limitation
Does inappropriate operational information received
from a technical resource (e.g., design engineer,
equipment representative, state trainer or inspector)
cause improper operational decisions to be implemented
or continued and result in performance limitations.
Does inappropriate operational information received
from a technical resource cause improper operational
decisions to be implemented or continued and result
in performance limitations?
11. Operating Time Between Backwashing (hrs)
Upper Bound: 72
On the average, how much time is the filter allowed to
operate between backwashes? Operation in this context
means the actual time the filter is running. If the
plant is operated for less than 24 hours a day, do not
include the time the plant is inactive.
What is the average operating time between backwashes
for the filter, in hours?
12.
Turbidity of Filtered Water After Start-Up (NTU)
Upper Bound: 5
What is the measured increase in turbidity of the filtered
water during the 20 minutes immediately after
backwashing?
What is the measured increase in turbidity of the filtered
water during the 20 minutes immediately after
backwashing, in NTU?
13. Chemical Dosages Match Hydraulic Flow
Flow
Do the operators ever vary the hydraulic load on the
plant without altering the chemical dosages a
corresponding amount?
Do the operators ever vary the hydraulic load on the
plant without altering the chemical dosages a
corresponding amount?
1 Limits Performance
Lower Bound: 4
1 Lower Bound: 0.01
Dosage Always Changed With
Flow Varied Without Dosage
Change
A-40
-------
OPERATIONAL PLF DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
14.
Wrong Chemical Application Points
No Performance Limitation
Are the various chemicals used for water treatment
applied at improper locations, such that the plant
performance is limited?
Are the various chemicals used for water treatment
applied at improper locations, such that the plant
performance is limited?
ANSWER OPTIONS
Limits Performance
A-41
-------
OPERATIONAL PLF: PROCESS CONTROL DATA
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS
ANSWER OPTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Alkalinity Used
'Yes
'No
Is alkalinity added to the water (e.g., lime, soda ash,
sodium bicarbonate)?
Is alkalinity added?
Finished Water Alkalinity Test
Less Than Daily
How often is the alkalinity of the finished water tested?
Monthly
How often is the alkalinity of the finished water tested?
Performed
Not Able to Perform Test
Fluoride Use Yes
No
Does this facility add fluoride?
Does this facility add fluoride?
Metal Salt Use Yes
No
Are aluminum or iron salts added as a coagulant aid?
Examples include alum, ferric chloride, ferrous
sulfate, etc.,.
Are aluminum or iron salts added as a coagulant aid?
Raw Water Alkalinity Test
Less Than Daily
How often is the alkalinity of the raw water tested?
Monthly
How often is the alkalinity of the raw water tested?
Test Available but Not
Performed
Not Able to Perform Test
Raw Water Turbidity Testing
Every 2-4 Hours
Indicate how often the turbidity of the raw water is
tested. If this test is not performed, select Test
Available but Not Performed. If the facility lacks the
capability to measure the turbidity of raw water, answer
Not Able to Perform Test. Test Available but Not
Performed
How often is the turbidity of the raw water measured?
Daily
Weekly
Test Available but Not
Daily
Weekly
Continuous
Daily, More Often When
Water Quality Dictates
Daily
Less Than Daily
Not Able to Perform Test
A-42
-------
OPERATIONAL PLF: PROCESS CONTROL DATA (continued)
SCREEN TEXT QUESTIONS ANSWER OPTIONS
7. Sedimentation Basin or Reactor Clarifier Turbidity
Every 2-4 Hours
Indicate how often the turbidity of the effluent from the
sedimentation basin or reactor clarifier is tested?
If this test is not performed, select Test Available but
Not Performed. If the facility lacks the capability to
measure the turbidity of the reactor clarifier effluent,
answer Not Able to Perform Test.
How often is the turbidity of the sedimentation basin
effluent tested?
8. Validity of Turbidimeter(s)
No
Are the titrbidimeter(s) correctly calibrated and
functioning properly?
Continuous
At Least OnceTer Shift
Daily
Less Than Daily
Test Available but Not
Performed
Not Able to Perform Test
Yes
A-43
-------
APPENDIX B
DWTP ADVISOR SAMPLE REPORT
B-l
-------
-------
APPENDIX B
DWTP ADVISOR SAMPLE REPORT
Mill Creek Water Treatment Plant
FINAL REPORT
03/29/1992
MAJOR UNIT PROCESS EVALUATION REPORT
FLOCCULATION
The flocculation system is Type 1. The estimated hydraulic
detention time results in a rated capacity of 0.53 mgd.
Therefore, the flocculation system is rated Type 1 because
the rated capacity exceeds peak instantaneous flow of 0.50 mgd.
Selected Hydraulic Detention Time = 20.0 min.
Actual Hydraulic Detention Time = 21.1 min.
Peak Instantaneous Flow = 0.500 mgd
Final Flocculation Rated Capacity = 0.528 mgd
Flocculation Performance Percentage = 105.6 %
Total Volume = 7335.3 gallons
Flocculation Basin Rated Type
Initial 1
Baffled n/a
Final 1
SEDIMENTATION
The sedimentation system is Type 3. The effective surface area
and the typical (for this type of basin) surface overflow rate result
in a rated capacity of 0.176 mgd. Therefore the sedimentation system
is rated Type 3 because the rated capacity is less than 90% of the peak
instantaneous flow rate, 0.500 mgd.
The sedimentation basin is without tube settlers and the depth of the
basin, 10.2 feet is considered adequate. The surface overflow rate
expected in a basin of this design is 0.51 gpm/ft2. The actual SOR
under peak instantaneous flow of 0.500 mgd is 1.45 gpm/ft2.
B-2
-------
Sedimentation Basin Mode = TURBIDITY
Basin Depth = 10 feet
Surface Overflow Rate [expected] = 0.51 gpm/ft2
Surface Overflow Rate [actual] = 1.45 gpm/ft2
Flow Rate Capacity of Basin = 0.2 mgd
Peak Instantaneous Flow = 0.5 mgd
Sedimentation Performance Percentage = 35%
Sedimentation Rating = Type 3
Evaluator Special Notes on Sedimentation:
FILTRATION
The initial evaluation of the filtration system is scored a
TYPE 1 with a filter loading rate of 2.0 gpm/ft2 expected for
MONO filters with no reported turbidity or air binding problems.
Actual Filter Loading Rate under peak load would be 2.0 gpm/ft2.
The water feed to the filters is by gravity.
BACKWASH analysis shows backwashing capability is 10 gpm/ft2
or greater at the present time, and could be improved to
15 gpm/ft2 with only minor modifications.
BED EXPANSION is presently greater than 20%.
The filtration process is Type 1. The typical filter rate of
2.0 gpm/ft2 results in a rated capacity of 0.510 mgd.
Therefore.the filters are rated Type 1 because the rated capacity
exceeds the peak instantaneous flow rate of 0.500 mgd.
The backwash system can supply the necessary backwash flow
rate to clean the filters. This system can supply 11.3 gpm/ft2,
and can be raised to the desired rate of 15 gpm/ft2. The filter media
bed expansion is 43.5%, which exceeds the desired level of 20% .
B-3
-------
DISINFECTION
COMBINED DISINFECTION :
Disinfection is Type 2. Predisinfection is not performed. The
required total Giardia cyst log reduction of 3.0, maximum
finished water pH of 7.8, and the minimum water temperature
of 0.5° Celsius result in a required contact time of 61
minutes for post-disinfection. This contact time and the effective
volume of 7866 gallons for post-disinfection yield a rated capacity
of 0.464 mgd. Therefore, disinfection is rated Type 2 because the
rated capacity is between 90% and 100% of the peak instantaneous
plant flow rate, 0.500 mgd.
Giardia Cyst Log Reduction Requirement = 3.0
Log Reduction due to Plant Type = 2.5
Required Plant Disinfection = 0.5
Post Disinfectant Type = CHLORINE
Post Disinfectant Residual = 2.5
Required CT = 61 minutes
Total CW Volume = 12566.4 gallons
Effective CW Volume = 1256.6 gallons
Total Distribution Pipe Volume = 6609.1 gallons
Effective Postdisinfection Volume =
Rated Capacity of PostDisinfection =
7865.8 gallons
0.5 mgd
Plant Peak Instantaneous Flow = 0.50 mgd
Rated Capacity of Combined Disinfection = 0.46 mgd
Disinfection Performance Percentage = 92.8 %
Plant Disinfection System Rated Type 2
Evaluator Special Notes on Disinfection:
B-4
-------
OBSERVATION REPORT
PLANT PERFORMANCE
The 12-month historical data suggests poor plant performance
based on measured turbidity levels of the finished and settled water.
The measured turbidity levels of the special studies indicate
poor plant performance.
The 12-month historical data and the special studies indicate
poor plant performance.
A measured increase in filtered water turbidity during the first
30 minutes after starting a filter is between .3 and 1 NTU. Improve-
ment in this quality of water would provide a better barrier to the
passage of cysts to the distribution system.
Results of Corrective Consideration 1
Potential for Improvement by Increasing Plant Operating Hours
If the daily operating time were to be increased to the maximum
operating hours allowable, 18.0 hours, the peak instantaneous flow
would correspondingly be reduced to 0.222 mgd. This would result in an
improvement in plant performance, but some unit processes will remain
TypeS.
#PCT4
An adequate turbidity sampling program of the raw, settled, individual
filtered and finished water exists and indicates good process control
testing procedures.
#PCT8
The operator(s) are able to demonstrate the proper way to make a
stock solution for ajar test and the proper way to add chemical
dosages to the jar.
#MNT1
Based on your evaluation, most existing plant equipment is observed
to be functioning properly in a reliable and consistent manner. It
appears that no maintenance factors adversely affect the plant's
performance.
B-5
-------
PERFORMANCE LIMITING FACTORS
03/29/1992
Filtration
RATING :A
FLT3
The backwash pump is not capable of
providing a clean filter. Operation with a dirty filter degrades
performance.
FLT5
The clearwell volume available for backwashing provides
insufficient water for backwashing the filters. This will result in
continually dirty filters and degraded performance.
Sedimentation
RATING :A
SB_3
The sedimentation system is Type 3. The effective surface area
and the typical (for this type of basin) surface overflow rate result
in a rated capacity of 0.176 mgd. Therefore the sedimentation
system is rated Type 3 because the rated capacity is less than 90% of
the peak instantaneous flow rate, 0.500 mgd.
Disinfection
RATING :B
DSN_2
Disinfection is Type 2. The required total Giardia cyst log
reduction of 3.0, maximum finished water pH of
7.8, and the minimum water temperature of 0.5
degrees Centigrade result in a required contact time of 0
minutes for predisinfection and 61 minutes for
postdisinfection. These contact times and the effective volumes of
0 gallons for predisinfection and 7866 gallons
for postdisinfection yield a rated capacity of 0.464 mgd.
Therefore, disinfection is rated Type 2 because the rated capacity is
between 90% and 100% of the peak instantaneous plant flow rate,
0.500 mgd.
B-6
-------
Low Service Pumping
RATING :B
LSP2
The sudden surge of flow caused by the low service pumps coming
on-line is degrading plant performance by reducing settling
effectiveness and causing filter bumping which causes cysts to be
passed to the distribution system.
Application of Concepts and Testing
RATING :B
PAS
A measured increase in filtered water turbidity during the first
30 minutes after starting a filter is between .3 and 1 NTU.
Improvement is this quality of water would provide a better barrier to
the passage of cysts to the distribution system.
PEX17
The low raw water pH at this plant indicates the need for the addition
of lime or soda ash to raise the pH and increase coagulation. The plant
lacks the capability to feed lime or soda ash properly.
AC4
The operator(s) are backwashing based upon time and/or head loss,
without regard for the effect that delayed backwashing is having upon
plant performance.
B-7
-------
APPENDIX C
DWTP ADVISOR SAMPLE DATA ENTRY SHEETS
C-l
-------
-------
General Plant Data
Nam* of Plant
Name of Evaluator
Population Served
Peak Instantaneous Flow (Mgd)
Normal Daily Plant Operating Time (Hrs)
Settled Water Turbidity (Historical)
Finished Water Turbidity (Historical)
Validity of 12 -month Historical Data
Special Studies Turbidity Profile (NTU)
Finished Water Turbidity (Special Studies)
Validity of the Special Studies
F1:HELP FSrXEEP DMA fc GO TO MAIN MEND F8: CLEAR FIELD . F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-3
-------
Raw Water Source Data
Minimum Haw Water Temperature
Raw Water Source
Maximum Haw Hatar pH
Hlnitaim Raw Water pH
Tne Plant has a Raw Water Transmission Pipe
Diameter oC Raw Water Transmission Pipe (in)
Langtn oC Raw Water Transmission Pipe (ft)
Raw Water Turbidity (NTO'D)
Raw Water Stability
Influent Plow Rate Controlled
PlsHELP P5:KEEP DATX t 00 TO MXIH MEaro P8S CLEAR FIELD PlOtCHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-4
-------
Plocculation Data
Number of Flocculator Basins
Ar* Flocculationa dn Sedimentation Combined
Flocculation Basin Configuration
Flocculation Basins Identical
t of Mixing Stages in a Single Floe Basin
Condition of Baffling
Flocculation Basin Mixer T^pe
Flocculation Mixer Control
Flocculation Mixer Energy Level
Flocculation Baain Information
Length of Single Flocculation Baain (ft)
Width of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Depth of Single Flocculation Basin (ft)
Volume of Single Flocculation Basin (gala)
F1:HELP P5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIM MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-5
-------
Sedimentation Data Page 1
Number of Sedimentation Basins
Sedimentation Basin Configuration
Are the Sedimentation Basins Identical
Type of Sedimentation Basin
Shape of Sedimentation Basin
Sedimentation Basin Information
Surface Area of Single Sed Basin (sq ft)
Length of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Width of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Depth of Single sedimentation Basin (ft)
Diameter of Single Sedimentation Basin (ft)
Tuba/Plate Settlers Used
Tube/Plate Settler Orientation
P1:HELP PSsKEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8:CLEAR FIELD PlOiCHOICES ESC: ABORT
Sedimentation Data Page 2
Surface Area over Vertical Tubes (sq ft)
Sludge Removal Method
Sludge Removal Frequency
Sedimentation Basin Inlet Condition
Sedimentation Basin Outlet Condition
Sedimentation Basin Mode
Peak Instantaneous Flow(mgd) in Turbidity Mode
Peak Instantaneous Plow(mgd) in Softening Mode
P1:HELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO
TO MAIN MENO P8:CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-6
-------
Filtration Data Page 1
Number of Filters
Filters Bizea identical
Filter medias toe same
Filter Media
Filter Size Information
Length of Single Filter (ft)
Width of Single Filter (ft)
Depth of Single Filter (in)
Surface Area of Single Filter (sq ft)
Multiple Backwash Methods
Backwash Method
Filter Backwash Pmnp Capacity (gal/min)
FltHELP F5:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
Filtration Data Page 2
Filter Backwash Flow Rate (gal/min)
Air Binding
Operators filter to waste after backwash
Type of Filter
Design Filter Media Depth (in)
Expanded Filter Bed Size (in)
Unexpended Filter Bed Size (in)
F1:HELP P5:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-7
-------
Disinfection Data Page 1
Number of Post-disinfection Points Available
Number of Post-disinfection Points Used
Type of Post-disinfectant
Plant Pxe-disinfects
Pre-disinfecting Legal in this State
Number of Pro-disinfection Points Available
Number of Pre-disinfection Points Used
Pre-disinfection Application Point
Type of Pre-disinfectant
The Plant has a Presedimentation Basin
Condition of Baffling in Presedimentation Basin
Number of Cleanrall Basins
Are the Clearwell Basins Identical
Clearwell Basin Information
PI:HELP
F5:KEEP DATA £ GO TO MAIN MENO F8:CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC: ABORT
Disinfection Data Page 2
Length of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
Width of Single Clearwell Basin (ft)
Minimum Clearwell Basin Depth (ft)
Total Volume of Single Clearwell Basin (gals)
Clearwell Basin Uncovered
Condition of Baffling in the Clearwell
Total Log Reduction of Giardia Cysts (logs)
Tracer Test Performed on Post Disinfection
Tracer Test Detention Time (min)
Maximum Finished Water pH
Number of Clearwell Distribution Pipes
Pipe Diameter to First Tap (in)
Pipe Length to First Tap (ft)
FlrHELP F5:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU F8 :CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-8
-------
ADMINISTRATIVE
Administrative Familiarity With Plant
Administrative Planning
Lack of Available Funds
Staff Pay Scale
Required Certification
Operator Certification Level
Supervision
Plant Coverage
Hater Demand
Operator's Work Environment
Manpower Distribution
Sufficient Manpower
Insufficient Time on the Job
P1:HELP FSiKEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10 :CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-9
-------
DESIGN Page 1
Influent Plow Rate Measured
Intake Structure
Low Service Pumps
Filter Blinking by Low Service Pumps
Problemo due to Lack of Low Service Punning
Watershed/Reservoir Management
Presedimentation Basin Too Largo
Plow Proportioning Units
Problems Without Sedimentation Basin
Sample Tap on Sedimentation Basin
Backwash Water Disposal
Sample Tap on Backwash Recycle Stream
Backwash Rate Control
Recycle Streams Legal
Recycle Streams Causing Problems
PI:HELP PS:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8:CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC: ABORT
DESIGN Page 2
Total Recycle Stream Volume (gal)
Recycle Streams Introduced Prior to Plash Mix
Filter Rate Controller' Malfunction
Water Vortex Observed
Uneven Support Gravel
Automatic Critical Unit Control
Ultimate Sludge Disposal
Sludge Treatment
Sludge Supernatant Recycled
Filter Madia in Clearwell
P1:HELP PS:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU PSiCLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-10
-------
DESIGN: CHEMICAL ADDITION
Ability to Feed. Coagulant
Typ« of Coagulant Mixer
Coagulant Aid Necessary
Flocculation/Filtratlon Aid Necessary
Other Chemicals Necessary
Addition of Disinfection Application Points
Chemical Feeders Adjustable
Chemical Feed Rate Measurable
Disinfectant Feeder Backup Unit
FltHELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8: CLEAR FIELD F10: CHOICES ESC: ABORT
C-ll
-------
OPERATIONAL Page 1
Backwash Determination
Chemical Application
Coagulant Application
Distribution System
Filters Adequately Washed
Filter Bumping
Filter Started Dirty
Flow Reduction Prior to Backwashing
0 & H Manual Adequacy
O & M Manual Ose
Filter Media in Backwash Water Troughs
Operational Technical Guidance
Operational Time Between Backwashing (hr)
Turbidity o£ Filtered Water After Start-OP
Chemical Dosages Match Hydraulic Flow
FlrHELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIM MENU FB:CLEAR FIELD FlOtCHOICES ESC: ABORT
OPERATIONAL Page 2
Wrong Chemical Application Points
F1:HELP FSrKEEP DATA t GO TO MAIN MENU F8:CLEAR FIELD F10;CHOICES ESC;
ABORT
C-12
-------
OPERATIONAL: PROCESS CONTROL Page 1
Raw Water Turbidity Testing
Sedimentation Basin/Reactor Clarifier Turbidity
Form of Filtered Water Turbidity Testing
Finished Water Turbidity Testing
Individual Filter Effluent Turbidity Testing
Individual Filter Sample Taps
Coagulation Testing
Jar Test
Validity of Jar Test
Streaming Current Monitor
Validity of Streaming Current Monitor
Zeta Potential
Validity of Zeta Potential Test
Pilot Filter
Validity of Pilot Filter
P1:HELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU P8: CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESCs ABORT
OPERATIONAL: PROCESS CONTROL Page 2
Alkalinity Used
Raw Water pH Testing
Finished Water pH Testing
pH Tests Valid
Raw Water Alkalinity Test
Finished Water Alkalinity Test
Alkalinity Tests Valid
jtetal Salt Use
Disinfectant Residual in Finished Water Testing
Disinfectant Residual in Pre-Filtration Water
Fluoride Use
Fluoride Facility Design
Fluoride Residual Monitored
Percent Solids in Reactor Clarifier
Sludge Blanket Depth in Reactor Clarifier
FlrHELP F5:KEEP DATA & GO TO MAIN MENU F8 : CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC: ABOHT
C-13
-------
OPERATIONAL: PROCESS CONTROL Page 3
Validity o£ Turbidimeter(s)
Kaw Hater Calcium Tasting
Saw Hater Hardness Testing
Finished Water Calcium Testing
finished Hater Hardness Testing
P1:HELP P5:XEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MENU F8:CLEAR FIELD F10:CHOICES ESC; ABORT
C-14
-------
MAINTENANCE
No Maintenance Problems Indicated
PI: HELP P5:KEEP DATA 6 GO TO MAIN MEND P8:CLEAR FIELD P10 sCHOICES ESCs ABORT
C-15
-------
-------
APPENDIX D
DWTP ADVISOR TUTORIAL
D-l
-------
-------
Tutorial for the
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor
for
Comprehensive Performance Evaluations
of Small Water Treatment Systems
Prepared by:
Process Applications, Inc.
2627 Redwing Road, Suite 340
Fort Collins, CO 80526
and
Technology Transfer Support Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Under subcontract to:
Eastern Research Group, Inc.
110 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, MA 02173-3198
D-3
-------
-------
INTRODUCTION
The basis of the DWTP Advisor is the Composite Correction Program (CCP)
developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Process Applications, Inc.
CCP is a two-part process consisting of an evaluation phase called a Comprehensive
Performance Evaluation (CPE) and a correction phase called Comprehensive Technical
Assistance (CTA). This program models the CPE portion of the CCP.
CCP is a comprehensive, systematic approach for assessing the root causes of
performance problems at existing surface supplied filtration plants. It is comprehensive
in that it identifies the unique combination of factors in the areas of design, operation,
maintenance, and administration that are preventing optimized performance. Specific
guidance on use of CCP for achieving optimized performance is provided in U.S. EPA's
CCP Handbook - Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite
Correction Program (EPA 625/6-91/027).
A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Plant A is being conducted using
the DWTP Advisor. Field data has been collected and Form C of the data collection
forms has been completed. Attached you will find basic facility information, appropriate
parts of Form C, and criteria for major unit process evaluation (see first attachment -
Design Data). A report of CPE Observations for Factors Meeting is also attached.
Specifically, this tutorial is designed to allow you to utilize DWTP Advisor, using
the data in these attachments, to develop a performance potential graph to determine if
the plant unit processes are Type 1, 2, or 3.
D-5
-------
-------
Tutorial for the
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor
for
Comprehensive Performance Evaluations
of Small Water Treatment Systems
Prepared by:
Process Applications, Inc.
2627 Redwing Road, Suite 340
Fort Collins, CO 80526
and
Technology Transfer Support Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Under subcontract to:
Eastern Research Group, Inc.
110 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, MA 02173-3198
D-7
-------
PLANT A
Facility Information
Water Treatment Plant A serves a rural community of approximately 10,000
people. The plant was completed in 1975 and financed with an FHA loan. The
plant is owned and operated by the community. The water use is all residential
and commercial since there is no significant industry in the community.
The plant was designed to treat 5.0 MGD. Normally during the year the plant is
operated at the 5.0 MGD rate for periods of time ranging from 5 to 12 hours.
However, during summer months there are typically several times of up to five
days in length when the plant operates at 5.0 MGD for a 1 6-hour period. During
these periods, storage within the system has been adequate to prevent any
water shortages, even though the plant is not operated 24 hours each day.
Plant A treats water from Batman Creek, which provides an adequate supply of
water. However, raw water turbidities can be as high as 100 during spring run-
off. The water supply is generally of good quality and has not had any
significant organics detected during annual sampling.
The plant will be required to meet the Surface Water Treatment and Coliform
rules. The plant is used for turbidity or particulate removal and is not used as a
softening plant.
Raw Water Quality Information
Water Source:
Minimum Water Temperature:
Maximum pH:
Minimum pH:
Turbidity:.
Batman Creek
0.5°C
8.0
7.5
See attached Figures 1-7.
Raw Water Transmission Line
Intake structure is located in the river. There is 100 feet of 24-inch diameter
pipe from the intake structure to the raw water pumps. The plant flow rate is
controlled by an automatic valve which can be set by the operating staff from
the control room.
7/28/95
D-8
PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC
-------
FORMC
DESIGN DATA
A. PLANT FLOW DIAGRAM (Attach if available; include solids handling and chemical feed points.)
5uS£AAJATAfJT
B. FLOW DATA
Design Row
Average Daily Flow
Maximum Hydraulic Capacity 7T5~
Operating Flow
Peak Instantaneous Operating Flow _
.mgdx 3,785=
.mgdx 3,785=
.mgdx 3,785=
_m3/d
m3/d
m3/d
D-9
7/31/95
PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC
-------
FORM C (com.)
DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES
Row Stream Measured
Raw Water:
FLOW MEASUREMENT
Meter Type
Calibration Frequency
Comments
Se^ni -
Finished Water:
Backwash:
S&mi-
Backwash Recycle:
Other (designate):
/(//A
Accuracy Check during CPE (describe):
D-10
7/31/95
PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC
-------
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
Row Stream Pumped
Flow Control Method (describe):
s
Flow Stream Pumped
Flow Control Method (describe):
FORM C (cont.)
DESIGN DATA
PUMPING
Type
Type
No. of Pumps Rated Capacity
No. of Pumps Rated Capacity
Flow Stream Pumped
^A/-
Flow Control Method (describe):
r
Flow Stream Pumped
Flow Control Method (describe):
?//?(£.
Type
No. of Pumps Rated Capacity
No. of Pumps Rated Capacity
7/31/95
D-ll
PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC
-------
FORM C (cont.)
DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
Flocculation:
FLOCCULATION
Type (e.g., paddle wheel, turbine, hydraulic).
Control (e.g., constant speed or variable speed).
Stages (sketch below):
SURFACE
STAGE/BASIN DIMENSIONS DEPTH
//y/-#//? <2-
VOLUME HORSEPOWER G VALUE
O /* * /ff /O /&>.230 ao/ /$ /a? M*y
'J2 /& X /S" /^ /£.X30~#<,/ /,S
(-3 A5~ * /5" /O /L xj& %/ / 0
/6$ ^oft
XX SHaV
4 ' C/ --WL
* ^ (.^^
Flow:
(Design) ^Tfo MGD x 3,785-
(Operatina)* ^5~,o MGD x 3,785-
Detention Time:
(Desian) ZJ . min
(Operatina) -^ f min
m3,
m3,
Operating Problems: /l/osie.,
("/'.<=,; <64S/4$). 7%
2
Sketch:
&
-fr
fasti
'Peak instantaneous operating flow.
-=?
7/31/95
D-12
PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC
-------
FORM C (cont.)
DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
xiimAntaHnn Pasin«r SEDIMENTATION
Number of Basins £
Water Depth (Shallowest) /2.
Water Depth (Deepest) 72.
Weir Location /^ esicf
Weir Length /29^ eacJi 60s//\
Total Surface Area ^~ V& O
Total Volume /4C #OO
Total Volume -stf# ?0 ^
Flow:
(Design) «JT^
(Operating)* ,57 ^
Detention Time:
(Design) 2<3
Weir Overflow Rate:
(Design) 25~,&OO
(Operating) ^dOO
Surface Settling Rate:
(Design) <^^ ^j/' .^^ «5^^//^/
-------
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
FORM C (cont.)
DESIGN DATA
FILTRATION
Type of Filters (sand, mixed media, dual
/1/jCff Wedf
Mi imber of Filters ,?
Media Characteristics:
MEDIA TYPE DEPTH (in.)
media, pressure gravity, etc.)
Surface Dimensions /#
UNIFORMITY EFFECTIVE
COEFFICIENT SIZE
* /X
SPECIFIC
GRAVITY
jQsrMract'-fe 34 /'*J /& /'*- fl,S£ 2,&
*
Total Surface Area ^712.
Filtration Rate:
(Design) ^ ^
(Operatina) ^, &
ft2 x 0.093=
aDm/ft2 x 58.7=
aDm/ft2 x 58.7=
m2
m3/m2/d
m3/m2/d
Filter Control (e.g., constant rate, declining rate, constant level, etc.):
Available Headless J
Surface Wash:
Type (e.g.. rotary, fixed, manual)
Water Flow Rate 3 9C>
Surface Wash. Rate - ^
Duration (Operating) "
Backwash:
Water Wash Rate:
flDesian) £.&
TOoeratina) /«^"~ "26
Duration:
(Desian) £. &
Air Wash Rate:
(Desian) ~
(Operating)
'fix 0.305=
*.**« *«
aom x 0^3=
aom/tt2 x 58.7=
min
com/ft^ 58.7=
aDm/ft?x58.7=
min (Operatina) /m)0'
scfm/ft2 x 0.3=
scfm/ft2 x 0.3=
m
m3/hr
m3/m2/d
m3/m2/d
m3/m2/d
"«A /A min
m3/m2/min
m3/m2/min
7/31/95
D-14
PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC
-------
FORM C (com.)
DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
Control/Operating Problems:
Mud Balls:
Dirty Media:
Uneven Media:
Backwash Rate Control/Procedure (e.g., gradual start/stop):
Fitter Rate Control/Procedure (e.g., gradual changes):
" /0sa6/e'H kWS /zcfitfftf dy 2«v-fe/-/y
Hydraulic Loading during Backwash (e.g., reduce flow to remaining filters?):
Air Bubbles during Backwash:
AI
fe. /Qr/'0s* 7^ M?X?/- ao//(a oi/er
- '
Surface Wash Control/Procedure:
Other:
Sr
o/n
fa/ 7^^ /V/eS
Availability of Sample Taps (e.g., backwash and individual filters):
'et,- 72.
7/31/95
D-15
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FORM C (cont.)
DESIGN DATA
C. UNIT PROCESSES (cont.)
Contact Basin(s) (e.g., clearwell):
BASIN NO.
DISINFECTION
SURFACE
DIMENSIONS
DEPTH
VOLUME
37 V. OOP
j 74 000
1
CHANNEL
LENGTH TO
WIDTH
min
6*
min
Total Volume
Detention Time:
(Theoreticai)(a).
(Functional)^ .
(a) Detention time based on total available volume and peak instantaneous operating flow.
^ Detention time based on evaluation of operating variables such as basin baffling, minimum
operating depth, and transmission line length to first user. Utilize the table below to determine
the factor to be multiplied by the actual volume to accommodate baffling consideration. .
dssunpiiotf: WfMM.fyer##<\94e&ft.- ^fifccAVe ^^J^cfyr^-7t/ />/* -
FACTORS TO DE^ERM^ IFFECTWE VOLUME^FROM ACTUAL VOLUME BASED^ON BAFFLING'
CHARACTERISTICS (REGLI)
Baffling Condition
Unbaffled
Poor
Average
Superior
Excellent
Factor
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
Baffling Description
None, agitated basin, high inlet.and outlet flow velocities
variable water level.
Single or multiple unbaffled inlets and outlets,
no intrabasin baffles.
Baffled inlet or outlet with some intra-basin baffling; may
used for existing floe/sedimentation basins when
calculating prechlorination.
i
be
Perforated inlet baffle, serpentine or perforated intrabasin
baffles, outlet weir or perforated weir.
Serpentine baffling throughout basin.
7/31/95
D-16
PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC
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EVALUATION OF CHLORINATION CAPABILITY
For CT calculation, use the following:
Water temp = 0.5 °C
pH = 7.5
3.0 log reduction of Giardia required based on raw water quality.
Allow 2.5 log reduction in plant:
From Appendix A in Handbook, CT = 50.5 for 3.0 - 2.5 = 0.5 log reduction
required @ T = 0.5 °C, pH = 7.5, free chlorine residual = 2.5 mg/L*.
*Maximum chlorine residual acceptable to community is 2.5 mg/L free chlorine.
Clearwell is unbaffled, but evaluation indicates operating staff could install
redwood baffling to increase baffling factor from 0.1 to 0.7
No tracer test has been done on the clearwell.
There are 200 ft of 24-inch diameter pipe to the first tap. There is a small
hydropneumatic tank in the plant to maintain water pressure and CT for plant
potable water.
Chlorine is added in one place, in the pipeline just prior to the clearwell.
Clearwell basins are covered.
D-17
8/8/95 .
. PAI MAJOR-WS.DOC
-------
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CQ
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cc
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D-18
FIGURE 1
-------
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D-19
FIGURE 2
-------
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D-20
FIGURES
-------
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D-21
FIGURE 4
-------
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D-22
FIGURES
-------
D-23
FIGURE 6
-------
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V-2A
-------
Tutorial for the
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor
for
Comprehensive Performance Evaluations
of Small Water Treatment Systems
Prepared by:
Process Applications, Inc.
2627 Redwing Road, Suite 340
Fort Collins, CO 80526
and
Technology Transfer Support Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Under subcontract to:
Eastern Research Group, Inc.
110 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, MA 02173-3198
D-25
-------
-------
CPE Observations For Factors Meeting
The following observations were made during the CPE:
An interview with the Town Manager revealed that the water system admin-
istrators had a working knowledge of the system. The town has developed a
five-year capital improvements plan, and administrators are working to imple-
ment it. The plant was constructed with an FHA loan, and bond payments
represent over 50 percent of the operating budget. The bond payment puts
a strain on available funds for operating and maintaining the water system.
Certified operators are required for operation of surface water treatment
plants in the state, and all operators are certified at the required level. Each
year a different operator attends the week-long "water school" put on by the
state. Operators are paid at a level slightly above the average for the area.
The work environment is very good as the plant is well maintained and has
excellent office and lab facilities.
The number of staff is adequate for the length of time that the plant is
staffed, which is one 8-hour shift each day. However, the plant is operated
for several hours each day and often on weekends without staff present.
The plant superintendent feels that the plant should be staffed when it is in
operation, but the City Manager and Public Works Director say it would
require too many operators and be too expensive. The workload is
distributed adequately between maintenance and operation tasks.
Water demands are average for a plant in this area, and additional conserva-
tion methods do not appear to be required.
Watershed management appears sufficient, and the river intake structure is
adequate. The raw water pumps are constant speed, but do not cause
hydraulic surges on the plant because an influent flow valve controls the
D-27
7/31/95
PAI OBSERV.DOC
-------
flow to a rate selected by the operators at the control panel. Flow is evenly
distributed to the parallel flow trains in the plant.
Backwash water is recycled back to the head of the plant just prior to the
rapid mix. (Recycle streams are legal in the state where the facility is
located.) The recycle stream impacts performance because the backwash
recovery system does not allow enough settling time to reduce the turbidity
of the returning water during times of the year when raw water turbidities
are high. The recycled water returns at about 5 NTU during the high tur-
bidity times when filters are backwashed frequently. Recycle quantity is also
high because of constant speed pumps. Recycle flows are about 2 MGD,
which is 40 percent of the influent raw water flow at 5 MGD.
Sludge supernatant is recycled back to the head of the plant. During periods
of high flow rate and turbidity the supernatant averages about 10 NTU.
The filters appear adequate. Filter probing revealed level support gravels and
adequate sand and anthracite in the filters. Backwash rate and bed expan-
sion were excellent, and the filters were being well cleaned during the back-
wash. The filter rate controllers were also functioning.
Adequate sample taps are available to sample process streams. Sludge
handling facilities are adequate, and the sludge is ultimately disposed of in a
landfill owned and operated by the County.
Chemical feed facilities for coagulants, chlorine, stabilization chemicals, and
fluoride are easily measured and remain stable once set. There are no facili-
ties available to feed a coagulant aid polymer or flocculant or filter aid poly-
mer. It appears that both products could improve performance of the plant if
properly applied.
D-28
8/8/95
PAI OBSERV.DOC
-------
The water treatment plant is operated mostly manually since there are few
automated systems. The manual controls function well and do not impact
plant performance.
The plant superintendent indicated that plant performance was pretty good
during the dry months of May through October, but when turbidities
increased during the wet time of the year performance was difficult to
maintain. A jar test apparatus was available but was not used to set coagu-
lant dose. The coagulant dose was set based on operating experience.
When asked, none of the operating staff could demonstrate how to set up a
stock solution for the jar test.
Plant performance data and special study results are shown in Figures 1
through 7.
Plant chemical feeds are not adjusted when plant flow rates change. There
is little indication that the coagulant is changed when raw water turbidity
changes.
The chemical feeders were calibrated when the plant was originally placed in
operation. The operating staff said the alum was being fed at a dose of
40 mg/L. The output from the feed pump was collected for one minute in a
graduated cylinder. The special study revealed that the alum feed was
actually 100 mg/L rather than the 40 mg/L reported dose.
Filters are backwashed based on time and headloss rather than turbidity.
Filters are generally operated about 80 hours between washes. On-line
turbidimeters and strip charts indicated that filter turbidities often exceeded
0.5 NTU before a filter was washed. After a filter is returned to service,
turbidities often exceed 1 NTU for up to an hour (up to 3 NTU for the first
20 minutes).
D-29
8/8/95
PAI OBSERV.DOC
-------
When a filter is removed from service for washing, flow to the plant is
reduced to eliminate hydraulic surges on the remaining filters. However,
each day when the plant is started, the filters are not washed but are started
dirty because that is the way the plant has always been operated. Once
filters are in service they are not "bumped" to remove air or to partially clean.
Process control testing includes the following:
Raw water turbidity:
Settled water turbidity:
Finished water turbidity:
Finished water CI2 residual:
Alkalinity (raw and finished):
pH (raw and finished):
Fluoride:
Jar test:
Daily
Once/shift
Continuous on each filter
Continuous
Weekly
Daily
Daily
Available but not conducted
All testing is conducted accurately except for the jar test, which staff does
not know how to perform.
Plant maintenance is excellent. There are standby units for all important
equipment in the plant.
D-30
7/31/95
PAI OBSERV.DOC
-------
Tutorial for the
Drinking Water Treatment Plant (DWTP) Advisor
for
Comprehensive Performance Evaluations
of Small Water Treatment Systems
Prepared by:
Process Applications, Inc.
2627 Redwing Road, Suite 340
Fort Collins, CO 80526
and
Technology Transfer Support Division
National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
26 West Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Under subcontract to:
Eastern Research Group, Inc.
110 Hartwell Avenue
Lexington, MA 02173-3198
D-31
-------
-------
MANUAL CALCULATIONS
To determine whether the major unit processes are Type 1, 2, or 3, a
performance potential graph (PPG) must be prepared. The PPG for Plant A is
shown below. The calculations supporting the development of the graph are also
presented.
Performance Potential Graph
Water Treatment Plant A
FloccuUtfon (1)
HOT (min)
SadJmwtHlon (2)
SOR(jpmm2)
Filtration (3)
Rate (spnVR2)
Disinfection (4)
Contract lima (mln)
Plant Row (MGO)
01 234 56
1
TVP«1 '
1
TVpe3 J
«
Typ»1
unbaJIM 1Vpa3 |
bafflad 1VP«1
10%
<^ |
/ 1
L '
< 1
Peak Instanlaneoua
Operating Flow > 5.0 MGO
Peak InstantaiMout operating
flow can be reduced to 4.3 MGDl
making al unit procoHi typa I
V operating tlma to Ineraasad to
14 noun.
Comments:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Rated at 20 min HOT 7.3 MGD (see calculations attached)
Rated at 0.6 gpm/ft2 4.4 MGD (see calculations attached)
Rated at 5.0 gpm/ft2 7.0 MGD (see calculations attached)
Rated at 20 mm HOT 2.2 MGD unbaffled (see calculations attached)
Rated at 20 mm HOT 13.3 MGD baffled (see calculations attached)
D-33
7/31/95
PAI MAN-CAL.DOC
-------
A. FLOCCULATION BASIN EVALUATION
The flocculation basins were rated at a hydraulic detention time of 20 minutes
because the flocculation system has desirable flexibility (e.g., three stages with
each stage equipped with variable speed flocculators).
Flocculation Basin Rated Capacity:
Basin Volume = 2 basins x 15 x 45 x 10 x 7.48 gal/ft3
= 100,980 gallons
Select 20-minute detention time to determine peak rated capacity.
Rated Capacity = 100,980 gal/20 minutes
1 MGD
= 5,049 gpm x 694.4 gpm
= 7.3 MGD
The 20-minute detention time results in a rated capacity of 7.3 MGD. Therefore,
the flocculation system is rated Type 1 because the 7.3 MGD exceeds the peak
instantaneous plant flow of 5.0 MGD.
B. SEDIMENTATION BASIN EVALUATION
The sedimentation basins were rated at 0.6 gpm/ft2 surface overflow rate. This
mid-range criteria was selected because of marginal performance during peak
run-off events.
Sedimentation Basin Rated Capacity:
Basin Surface Area = 2 basins x 85 x 30
= 5,100ft2
D-34
7/31/95
PAI MAN-CAL.DOC
-------
Select 0.6 gpm/ft2 surface overflow rate to determine peak rated capacity.
Rated Capacity
= 5,100ft2 x .6 gpm/ft2
1 MGD
= 3,060 gpm x 694.4 gpm
= 4.4 MGD
The 0.6 gpm/ft2 overflow rate results in a rated capacity of 4.4 MGD. The
sedimentation basins are rated Type 3 because the 4.4 MGD rating falls below
the range of 10 percent of the 5 MGD peak instantaneous operating flow. If
plant operating time is increased to 14 hours, the peak instantaneous operating
flow can be reduced to 4.4 MGD, making the sedimentation basin Type 1.
C. FILTER EVALUATION
The filters were rated at 5 gpm/ft2 filtration rate because they were dual-media
with adequate washing capability.
Filter Rated Capacity:
Filter Area
= 3 filters x 18 x 18
= 972ft2
Select 5 gpm/ft to determine peak rated capacity.
Rated Capacity = 972 ft2 x 5 gpm/ft2
1 MGD
= 4,860 gpm x 694.4 gpm
= 7.0 MGD
The 5 gpm/ft2 rate results in a rated capacity of 7.0 MGD. The filters were rated
Type 1 because 7.0 MGD exceeds the peak instantaneous operating flow of
5.0 MGD.
D-35
7/31/95
PAI MAN-CAL.DOC
-------
D. DISINFECTION PROCESS EVALUATION
The disinfection system was evaluated based on post disinfection capability only
since pre-chlorination was not practiced at Plant A.
Post-Disinfection System Rated Capacity:
1. Determine required Giardia log reduction based on raw water quality. Select
3.0 log reduction, based on a protected watershed.
2. Determine CT based on minimum water temperature and maximum treated
water pH.
From plant records select: T = 0.5 °C
pH =7.5
3. Determine log reduction required.
Allow 2.5 log reduction because plant is conventional facility in reasonable
condition with a minimum Type 2 rating in previous unit processes.
Log reduction required = 3.0 - 2.5 = 0.5
4. Determine CT required for 1.5 log reduction of Giardia at pH = 7.5;
T = 0.5 °C; free chlorine residual = 2.5 mg/L.
From Appendix A in Handbook CT = 50.5.
5. Determine required contact time based on maximum free chlorine residual
that can be maintained.
Select maximum CI2 residual of 2.5 mg/L.
Required contact time =
50.5
2.5 mg/L
20 min
D-36
7/31/95
PAI MAN-CAL.DOC
-------
6. Determine clearwell (contact basin) required to calculate peak rated capacity
based on an unbaffled condition.
a. Functional basin volume = 50 x 50 x 14 x 0.1 * x 7.48
= 26,180 gallons
*Basin is not baffled so use effective volume factor of 0.1 and 14' minimum
operating depth.
b. Pipeline volume = 200 ft x
_TT 7.48 gal , -,«.- .
_*_ x v aai _ 4;7QO gal
4 ft3
c. Total functional volume = 4,700 + 26,180 = 30,880
7. Determine rated capacity:
Rated Capacity = 30,880 gal
20 min
= 1,544 gpm x
2.2 mgd
1 MGD
694.4 gpm
The 20-minute DT results in a rated capacity of 2.2 MGD. The disinfection
system was rated Type 3 because 2.2 MGD is lower than the peak
instantaneous plant flow of 5.0 MGD.
8. Determine rated capacity based on adding baffling to the clearwell.
a. Determine functional basin volume with baffles.
Functional basin volume = 50 x 50 x 14 x 0.7 x 7.48
= 183,260 gallons
b. Pipeline volume - 4,700 gallons
D-37
7/31/95
PAI MAN-CAL.DOC
-------
c. Total functional volume = 4,700 + 183,260
= 187,960
*Basin with baffles could have an effective volume factor of 0.7 and 14 ft
minimum operating depth.
9. Determine rated capacity with baffles:
187.960 gallons
Rated capacity =
20 min
= 9,398 gpm x
= 13.5 MGD
1 MGD
694.4 gpm
D-38
7/31/95
PAI MAN-CAL.DOC
------- |