600282001c
EPA"
January 1983
Chanoe 2
TREATABILITY MANUAL
VOLUME III. Technology for
Control/Removal of Pollutants
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
September 1981
(Revised 8/31/82)
(Revised 1/24/83)
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PREFACE
In January, jL9jL2«L. USEPA' s Office of Enforcement and Office of Water
and W^R^T?fa1₯l$flment requested help from the Office of Research
and Development in compiling wastewater treatment performance
data into a "Treatability Manual."
A planning group was set up to manage this activity under the
chairmanship of William Cawley, Deputy Director, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati. The group in-
cludes participants from: 1) the Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory - Cincinnati; 2) Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion; 3) Office of Water Enforcement and Permits; 4) Municipal
Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati; 5) R.S. Kerr,
Environmental Research Laboratory - Ada; 6 Industrial Environ-
mental Research Laboratory - Research Triangle Park; 7) WAPORA,
Incorporated; and 8) Burke-Hennessy Associates, Incorporated.
The objectives of this program are :
to provide readily accessible data and information on
treatability of industrial waste streams;
to provide a basis for research planning by identifying
gaps in knowledge of the treatability of certain pollut-
ants and waste streams.
The primary output from this program is a five volume Treatabil-
ity Manual. This was first published in June 1980, with revisions
made in September 1981 and August 1982. This publication re-
places Volume I in its entirety, and updates Volumes II, III,
IV, and V. The individual volumes are named as follows:
Volume I
Volume II
Volume III
Volume IV
Volume V
Treatability Data
Industrial Descriptions
Technologies
Cost Estimating (In the process of re-
vision for later publication)
Summary
11
If A
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INSTRUCTIONS POR UPDATE OK VOLUME III, TREATABILITY MANUAL
CHANCE 1 (8/31/82) AND CHANCE 2 (1/24/83)
Sect Ion
Instructions
List of Pages
Table of Contents
III.3.1.1 Activated Carbon Adsorption
III.3.1.2 Chemical Oxidation
III.3.1.3 Chemical Precipitation
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INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPDATE OF VOLUMK III, TREATAHILITY MANUAL
CHANGE I (8/31/82) AND CHANGE 2 (1/24/83) (CONTINUED)
Section
III. 3. 1.4 Chemical Reduction
III. 3. 1.5 Coagulation and Flocculatlon
III. 3. 1.9 Filtration
III. 3. 1.10 Flotation
III. 3. 1.12 Ion Exchange
III. 3. 1.13 Neutralization
III. 3. 1. 14 Oil Separation
III. 3. I. 15 Polymeric Adsorption
Instructions
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INSTRUCTIONS KO R UPDATE OF VOLUME 111, TREATABILITY MANUAL
CHANGE I (8/31/82) AND CHANGE 2 (1/24/83) (CONTINUED)
Section
Instructions
lit.3.1.16 Reverse Osmosis
III.3.1.18 Sedimentation
lit.3.1.19 Steam .'.tripping
til.3.1.20 Solvent Extraction
III.3.1.21 Ultraflltration
III.3.2.1 Actlv,.:ed Sludge
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INSTRUCTIONS K>R UPHATE OF VOLUME III, TREATABILITY MANUAL
CHANGE 1 (8/31/82) AND CHANGE 2 (1/24/83) (CONTINUED)
Sect Ion
HT. 1.2.2 Lagoon
III.3.2.A Rotating Biological Contractor
III.3.2.5 Trickling Filter
III.4.1 Thickening and Conditioning
III.4.4 Combustion
III.4.5 Stabilization/Solidification
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INSTRUCTIONS TOR UPDATE OF VOLUME III, TREATABILITY MANUAL
CHANGE 1 (8/31/82) AND CHANGE 2 (1/24/83) (CONTINUED)
Section
Instructions
III.4.6
III.5
Land Disposal
References
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The development of this revision to the Treatability Manual has
resulted from efforts of a large number of people. It is the
collection of contributions from throughout the Environmental
Protection Agency, particularly from the Office of Water Enforce-
ment, Office of Water and Waste Management, and the Office of
Research and Development. Equally important to its success were
the efforts of the employees of WAPORA, Inc., and Burke-Hennessy
Associates, Inc., who participated in this operation.
A list of names of contributors would not adequately acknowledge
the effort expended in the development of the manual. This
document exists because of the major contributions of numerous
individuals within EPA and the EPA contractors, including:
Effluent Guidelines Division
Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Office of
Water
Permits Division
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, Office of
Water
National Enforcement Investigation Center
Office of Enforcement
Office of Research and Development
Center for Environmental Research Information
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH
As Committee Chairman, I would like to express my sincere appre-
ciation to the Committee Members and others who contributed to
the success of this effort.
William A. Cawley, Deputy Director,
lERL-Ci
Chairman, Treatability Coordination
Committee
Date: 1/24/83 iii
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The degree of removal can also be affected by the surface area
and nature of the adsorbent.
Specific performance data from studies on the following indus-
tries and/or waste streams are provided in subsequent data
sheets:
- Auto and Other Laundries,
- Electrical and Electronic Components,
- Gum and Wood Chemicals,
- Ore Mining and Dressing,
- Organic Chemicals Manufacturing,
- Petroleum Refining,
- Pulp and Paper Mills,
- Textile Mills, and
- Pesticides Manufacturing.
References
3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 3-5, 3-11, 3-15, 3-16, 3-21, 3-23, 3-24, 3-25,
3-26, 3-63.
Date: 9/25/81 III.3.1.1-9
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION-GRANULAR
I
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Data points
Pol lutant Pi lot sea le
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TOG
Total phosphorus
Total phenols
Oil and grease
A 1 um i num
Manganese
Vanad ium
Barium
1 ron
Sul fides
Ca Ic i um
Magnes ium
Sod ium
Mo lybdenum
Coba 1 t
Boron
Ammonia
Phosphorus
Si 1 icon
Stront ium
Tin
Titanium
Nitrate
Ammonia nitrogen
Nitrate nitrogen
Phosphate phosphorus
Hexavalent chromium
Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Set en ium
Si 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 i um
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
7
23
12
20
1
1 1
7
8
8
8
8
8
2
8
8
7
8
8
8
5
6
8
8
6
8
5
1
1
1
1
14
14
14
14
15
16
10
15
6
15
1 I
15
1 1
16
8
2
7
3
Ful I sea le
6
8
9
1 1
4
2
2
1
1
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
3
1
2
1
Effluent concentration
Ranqe
1.9 -
1 1 -
90
- 92
- 81
- >90
- 65
- 55
- 93
- 33
- 26
- 17
- 82
- 50
- 15
- 57
- 19
- 25
- 41
- 50
- >99
- 95
- 95
- >85
- >90
- >72
- 67
- >50
- 36
- >99
- 66
- 99*
- 99*
Med ian
49
58
62
55
97
55
24
30
40
25
29
59
50
9
1 1
6
0
>33
4
10
5
3.5
0
>25
0
21
NM
NM
1 1
>33
25
0
NM
86
40
>64
>64
5
0
39
1 1
12
NM
64
46
98*
76
5
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION-GRANULAR
(Continued)
Data points
Po lutant Pilot scale
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
N-n i trosod ipheny lamine
N-ni trosod i-n-p ropy lamine
2,4-Dichlorophenol
2, 4-D i me thy 1 pheno 1
Pentach 1 o ropheno 1
2-N i trophenol
Phenol
p-Ch 1 o ro-m-c re so 1
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
,2-Dich lorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
To 1 uene
, 2, U-T rich lorobenzene
Anthracene
Benzo( a Janthracene
Benzoj a Jpyrene
Benzoj k)f luoranthene
Acenaphthene
Fl uoranthene
F 1 uorene
Naphtha lene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Ch loroethane
Ch lo reform
, l-Dichloroethane
,2-Dich loroethane
, 1 -Dichloroethy lene
,2-Trans-dich lo roe thy lene
,2-Dich loropropane
Methylene chloride
Carbon tetrachloride
Tetrach lo roe thy lene
,1,1 -T rich loroethane
, 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
, 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
T r i ch 1 o roethy 1 ene
Tr ichlorof luoromethane
D i ch 1 o rob romometha ne
Vinyl chloride
Alpha-BHC
4,4'-DDT
Heptachlor
1
1
1
2
2
2
5
2
3
1
3
7
8
1
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
9
1
8
12
1
3
2
9
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
Fu 1 1 sea le
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
Effluent concentration
Range Median
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
ND -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
1 . 1 -
ND -
1.8 -
BDL -
BDL -
ND -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL
0.9
49
49
BDL
210
5.4
1 .3
630
94
0.4
BDL
BDL
BDL
240,000
18
45,000
760,000
1.4
1, 100
BDL
940
BDL
32
1.9
5
69
BDL
4
0.4
BDL
BDL
0.04
10
3
0.9
BDL
5
BDL
BDL
BDL
1 .6
47
0. 1
BDL
0.8
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
78
BDL
BDL
63
9
ND
39
0.7
78
BDL
19
BDL
BDL
0.95
ND
680
4.4
37
BDL
1, 100
1.9
BDL
BDL
Removal efficiency. %
Ranqe
59
18
64
23
50
88*
98*
95*
27
74
42
21
84
65*
0
64*
>99
58
- 98*
- 98*
- 90
- 99
- 98*
- 95*
- 99*
- 98*
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- 98
- >99
- 92
- 64*
- >99
- >99
Med ian
NM
20
NM
NM
NM
NM
78
NM
59
92*
77
98*
99*
50*
75
>99
80
95*
NM
90*
97*
92*
NM
51
98*
96*
>99
>86
>99
>99
>99
96
>82
70
64*
68
>99
>99
>99
>78
NM
NM
52
NM
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
o
rt
ro
N3
JS
CO
u>
n
3*
to
3
oo
fD
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ACTIVATED CARBON ADSORPTION-POWDERED
Data points Effluent concentration
Pol lutant Pi
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TOC
Total phenols
Oil and grease
Hexavalent chromium
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyan ide
Lead
Mercury
N icke 1
Se 1 en ium
Si 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 ium
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Pheno 1
Naphtha lene
lot sea le
4
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
>4
4
4
3
4
1
4
4
4
4
4
Ful 1 sea le Ranqe
2 15
1 53
17
1 20
90
60
64
99
8
>60
73
61
50
22
- 97
- 94
- 92
- >99
- 96
- >64
- 97
- 96
- 68
- 98
Med fan
>94
76
96
70
>99
47
>62
NM
NM
NM
NM
86
78
>67
>78
NM
>58
>I3
NM
NM
50
99*
93*
98*
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Carbon Adsorption - Granular
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Auto and other laundries
Subcategory: Power laundries
Plant: N
References: 3-84, Appendix C
Pretreatment/treatment: Screen., Equal., Sed./
Carbon Adsorp.
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 15.1 m3/d
Contact time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weight capacity of carbon: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Bed depth: Unspecified
Volumetric capacity: Unspecified
Carbon type/characteristics: Un-
specified
Backwash rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 2 day composite and grab Ana lysis:
Data set I (V.7.3.I 1
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD5(a)
COD
TOC
TSS
Oi 1 and grease
Toa 1 phenol
Total phosphorus
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Si Iver
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phtha 1
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Pentachlorophenol
Pheno 1
To 1 uene
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Te t rach 1 o roe thy 1 ene
Trichloroethylene
Concentration
Influent
57
130
40
46
4( a )
0.028
1.6
12
34
31
66
50
1 1
240
ate 67
36
7
NO
5
NO
2
3
70
38
100
12
Effluent
36
140
38
78
8(b)
0.029
2.0
15
36
42
65
BDL
7
210
23
17
5
3
4
3
1
4
18
3
32
5
Percent
remova 1
37
NM
5
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
2
64"
36
12
66
53
29
NM
20
NM
50
NM
74
92
68
58
Detection
1 imi t
2
il
4
22
36
5
1
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.89
0.4
0.07
0. 1
5
0.4
0.5
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approxlmate value.
(a) Average of four values.
(b) Average of three values.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.1-13
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Carbon Adsorption - Granular
Data source: Government report
Point source: Auto and other laundries
Subcategory: Industrial laundries
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-94, pp. 50,66
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter/Carbon adsorp.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: See below
Contact time: See below
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weight capacity of carbon: 2,400 g
Unit configuration: 5.08 cm diameter
column
Bed depth: Unspecified
Volumetric capacity: Unspecified
Carbon type/characteristics: Fil-
trasorb 400
Backwash rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samplinq: Composite and Grab
Wastewater flow, Contact Carbon type/ Concentrat
cu. m/mi n/sq . m time, min characteristics Influent
0.273 11.3 Filtrasorb MOO 330
300
Concent ra t
1 nf 1 uent
0.273 M.3 Filtrasorb MOO 150
190
BOOI5)
iont mq/L
Effluent
130
190
roc
ion. mq/L
Effluent
55
120
Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.1)
Percent
remova 1
61
37
Percent
remova 1
63
37
Concent ra t
1 nf 1 uent
520
630
Oi 1
Concentrat
1 nf 1 uent
I20(a)
20
COD
ion. mq/L
Effluent
160
350
and Grease
ion. mq/L
Effluent
82(a)
<9
Pe rcent
remova 1
69
Ml4
Percent
remova 1
32
>55
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Suspected error in analysis.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change I III.3.1.1-14
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY-: Activated Carbon Adsorption - Granular
Effluent Guidelines
Textile mills
Woven fabric finishing
Data source:
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: V
References: 3-89, pp. 70-74
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter(a)/Carbon Adsorp.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Contact time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weight capacity of carbon: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Downflow, 3 columns
in series
Total carbon inventory: 54 kg
Bed depth: 7.09 m
Volumetric capacity: Unspecified
Carbon type/characteristics: Un-
specified
Backwash rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 2*4-hr composite sample, volatiK
organics were crab sampled
Pol lutant/oarameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD
TSS
Total phenol
Total phosphorus
Aluminum
Ba r i urn
Boron
Ca 1 c i urn
Coba It
1 ron
Magnes ium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Sod ium
Si 1 icon
Stront ium
Tin
T i tan i urn
Vanad ium
Ammon i a
Nitrate
pH, pH un i ts
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Copper
Cyan ide
Lead
Nicke 1
Selenium
S i 1 ve r
Zinc
Bi s( 2-ethy Ihexy 1 ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Toluene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Methylene chloride
T r i ch 1 o roe thy 1 ene
Beryl 1 i urn
Cadmium
Chromi urn
Mercury
Tha 1 1 ium
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Trans-l,2-Dich I o roe thy lene
Conci
Influent
72
"I
0.013
1. 1
0.07
0.013
0.71
1.5
<0 . 006
0.21
2.2
0.08
i
5
16
<2
26
67
2
15
69
17
BDL
BDL
1 .0
BDI
17
U.6
<0.0l|
<2
33
16
NM
NM
NM
6'i
NM 0 . 0'l
96" 0.03
99" 0.02
23 0. 1
98* 0.01
NM 0. M
NM 0.5
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM 0.2
NM 0.2
NM 2.0
Blanks indicate data not available.
BOL, beluw detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
(a)lnfluent is taken from final treatment effluent and is then run through
the pi lot process.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.1-51
-------
a
w
l-o
c»
u>
n
BJ
3
09
n>
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL OXIDATION-CHLORINE
Removal efficiency. %
Range Med ian
PoI Iutant
Data points
Pilot sea I e
FuI I sea le
Effluent concentration
Range Med ian
Ni
i
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD
TSS
Ammonium nitrate
Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
33 - 160
<2 - 130
980
97
120
320
35
2,500
82 - >99
35
97
37
>99
0
Blanks indicate data not available.
-------
o
03
S3
-P-
cx>
UJ
JO
n
D"
Hi
OQ
n>
ho
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL OXIDATION-OZONE
u>
I
('
u>
Pol lutant Pi
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TOG
Oil and grease
Total phosphorus
Total phenols
Aluminum
Manganese
Vanad ium
Ba r i urn
1 ron
Si 1 icon
Titanium
Boron
Ca 1 c i urn
Magnes ium
Sod i urn
Molybdenum
Coba It
Stront ium
Ammon ia
N i trate
Tin
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se 1 en i urn
Si Iver
Tha 1 1 ium
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
Anthracene
Benzo(a jpyrene
Benzoj k)f luoranthene
Fluoranthene
Data points
lot scale Fu
2
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
Effluent concentration Removal efficiency. %
1 1 sea le Range
610
76
12
200
0. 16
0.01
0. 13
0.07
0.02
0.01
0.25
2.6
0.002
0.74
4.8
2.2
53
99
3.6
0.08
0.28
0.06
1.3
3.6 2-4
0.09
0.87
17
4.2 0-8
54 2-8
0.2
0. 19
0.016 0-99
2.9
5.3
<0.02
610
24 0-48
<2.0
33 - >98
<460
74
NM
12
NM
0
4
3
NM
0
9
4
5
NM
NM
50
NM
47
NM
NM
24
NM
NM
NM
NM
78
>29
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
96
NM
98*
77
80*
NM
31
98*
95*
90*
50
-------
rt
ft)
oo
n
0)
p
OQ
m
N)
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL OXIDATION-OZONE
(Cont inued)
Data points
PoI Iutant
Pi lot sea le
FuI I sea le
Effluent
Range
concentrat ion
Med ian
Removal efficiency. %
Range Med ian
Pyrene
Chloroform
I,l-Dichloroethane
I,2-Trans-d ichloroethylene
Methylene chloride
Trichloroethylene
15 - 61
0. I
BDL
BDL
2. I
38
0.9
67
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
u>
I
I
-p-
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Chemical Oxidation (Chlorine)
Data source:. Government report
Point source: Organic and inorganic wastes
Subcategory: Unspecified
Plant: Reichhold Chemical, Inc.
References: 3-125, p. 55
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal., Neutral., Sed. (clarifier)/Act. Si.
Oxidation Column, Sed. (clarifier), Chem. Ox.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosage(s): 5.25% aqueous solution of NaOCl
Contact time: 15 min
pH: Unspecified
Type of sedimentation device: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 24-hour composite
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.35)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
NaOCl dosage,
weight %
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD
COD
COD(a)
COD(a)
COD(b)
COD
780
780
750
750
820
720
720
710
560
500
510
440
8
9
25
33
38
39
0.
1.
2
3
4
5
5
0
(a)Average of 9 samples.
(b)Average of 3 samples.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.2-19
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Chemical Oxidation (Ozone)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Ore mining and dressing Not specified
Subcategory: Gold mine/mill Bench scale
Plant: 4105 Pilot scale x
References: 3-66, pp. VI 29, 58 Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Carbon Adsorp./Chem. Ox.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: See below
Chemical dosage(s): See below
Contact time: Unspecified
pH: Unspecified
Type of sedimentation device: Clarifier
Unit configuration: Continuous
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Grab Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.23)
Cyanide
Flow rate, Ozone feed rate, Concentration, yg/L Percent
L/min g/hr Influent Effluent removal
9.5(a)
9.5(b)
4.9
3
3
6
360
160
200
20
18
95
94
89
52
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Copper ion added.
(b)02 feed to generator.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.2-20
-------
Subsequent data sheets provide performance data from studies on
the following industries and/or waste streams using chemical
precipitation and sedimentation, and chemical precipitation,
flocculation and sedimentation:
- Foundries,
- Metal Finishing,
- Iron and Steel Manufacturing,
- Textiles,
- Steam Electric Power Plants,
- Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing,
- Ore Mining and Dressing,
- Porcelain Enameling,
- Paint and Ink Formulation,
- Coil Coating,
- Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing,
- Aluminum Forming,
- Battery Manufacturing,
- Electrical and Electronic Components,
- Copper Coating,
- Organic and Inorganic Wastes, and
- Auto and Other Laundries.
References
3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-8, 3-12, 3-16, 3-17, 3-23, 3-24, 3-27,
3-31, 3-37, 3-40, 3-41. ,
Da'te: 9/25/81 111. 3.1.3-13
-------
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION-ALUM
rt
(D
00
U)
n
cr
to
3
TO
n>
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5) 3
COD 3
TSS 2
TOG 2
Total phosphorus 1
Total phenols 1
Oil and grease
Aluminum
Manganese
Ba r i urn
1 ron 1
Tin
Ti tan i urn
Sulfate 1
Ca lei urn
Magnes i urn
Sod i urn
Mo lybdenum
Coba It
VSS
TVS
TDS
TS 1
Suspended sol ids
Dissolved sol ids 1
N i t ra te 1
Sulfite 1
Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
Ant i mony 1
Arsenic 1
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium 1
Copper 1
Cyanide
Lead 1
Mercury
Nickel 1
S i 1 ve r 1
Tha 1 1 ium
Zinc 1
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1
Fu 1 1 sea le
7
7
6
6
1
7
5
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
4
5
1
4
14
5
7
6
6
7
5
6
5
5
6
4
Effluent concentration
Ranqe
4
130
20
22
1.6
0.028
4
<0.35
0. 1
<0.04
ND
<0.05
36
48
29
36
65
43
97
41
39
7
38
13
30
0
6
0
61
99
- 93
- 79
- >99
- 80
- 77
- 56
- 99
- >99
- 76
- >99
- >99
- >90
- >97
- >45
- 86
- >80
- >97
- >99
- 79
- 42
- 93
- 88
- 95
- >99
- 96
- 93
- 25
- 97
- >99
iency. %
Med ian
55
66
92
59
44
31
87
98
66
92
93
48
>96
NM
>37
44
NM
>79
85
99
61
40
59
80
2
3
75
NM
NM
NM
76
66
>78
NM
22
>7I
9
NM
50
>76
>99
-------
o
03
rf
ft)
00
U)
n
3*
0)
OQ
NJ
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION-ALUM
(Continued)
u>
i»
Ln
Pol 1 utant
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
2, 4-D i methy 1 pheno 1
p-ch 1 oro-m-creso 1
Phenol
Benzene
1 , 2-D ichl orobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Nitrobenzene
To luene
1 , 2, U-Tr ichl orobenzene
Xy lene
Benzo( a Janthracene
Benzoj a jpyrene
Acenaphthylene
Chrysene
Fluoranthene
Fl uorene
Naphtha lene
Pyrene
Anthracene/Phenanthrene
Carbon tetrach loride
Chlorod ibromomethane
Chloroform
Ch 1 oroethane
1 , 2-D ichl oroethane
1 , 1 -Dichloroethylene
1 ,2-Trans-d ichlo roe thy lene
1, 1 -D ichlo ropropane
Methyl chloride
Methylene chloride
Te t rach 1 o roe thy 1 ene
1,1,1 -Tr ichl oroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Data points
Pilot scale Full scale
2
4
1
1
1
4
3
1
4
1
1 5
1
2
1
7
1
2
2
1
1
1
6
6
3
1
5
Effluent
Ranqe
BDL -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
3 -
99 >99
NM
88*
44
>99
>99
>99
70 - >99 76
68
0-73 48
91
93*
NM
91*
75*
99
99*
99*
97*
94*
NM
94
NM
46 - >99 >72
NM
>99
>99
27
>99
NM
90 - >99 95
>99 _ >99 >99
>55
NM
10 - >99 93
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NO, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
o
rt
fD
OO
u>
n
cu
3
CM
(D
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION - Bad(2)
Data points
Pol lutant Pi lot sea
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD <
TSS
TOG
Radium, total (pCi/L)
Radium, dissolved (pCi/L)
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Asbestos, total (fibers/L)
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Si 1 ve r
Zinc
Bis (2-ethy 1 hexy 1 ) phthalate
le Fu 1 1 sea le
2
2
2
8
6
1
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
Effluent concentration
Range Median
4
7
50 -
50 -
67
97
>99
>99
93
73
80
Med i a n
61
94
>87
>96
98
0
>33
75
72
>62
83
87
NM
NM
65
95
Blanks indicate data
NM, not meaningful.
not ava ilable.
-------
o
Co
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION - COMBINED PRECIPITANTS
ro
00
u>
n
Qi
OQ
(D
KJ
I
t*
*~J
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TOC
TSS
TS
TDS
TVS
VSS
Oi 1 and grease
Total phenol
A 1 urn i num
Ba r i urn
Ca 1 c i urn
Coba 1 1
1 ron
Magnes ium
Manganese
Mo lybdenum
Sod ium
Phosphorus
Tin
Ti tan ium
Fl uoride
Toxic Pollutants, u.g/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Ch rom i urn
Copper
Cyan ide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 ium
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Phenol
Pentach lorophenol
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
4
4
4
5
4
>4
4
3
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
4
5
4
4
1
4
5
1
4
1
5
5
5
5
4
5
it
5
4
U
5
2
it
3
2
it
It
Effluent concentration
Ranqe
1, 100 -
7,000 -
1,600 -
16 -
it, 800 -
4,300 -
980 -
15 -
12 -
0.012 -
ND -
<0.05 -
210 -
<0.0it -
0.85 -
7.5 -
<0.05 -
<0.05 -
37
30
>94
>83
14
34
>39
0
>67
>76
1 1
37
43
0
69
4
68
>97
>33
50
98
- 77
- 95
- 82
- >99
- 93
- 92
- 93
- 99
- >98
- 92
- >99
- >99
- 48
- 98
- >99
- 79
- 94
- >87
- 40
- 84
- >99
- >99
- >99
- 98
- >99
- >97
- >25
- >99
- >99
- 96
- >90
- >99
Med ian
68
64
70
98
69
22
88
96
98
48
86
>69
40
>96
>9I
67
>50
>63
20
89
>74
>94
NM
NM
>99
>55
>99
>68
>82
>86
>75
79
>I4
NM
>37
96
80
98
>64
99
>70
>99
-------
u
03
K)
-P-
00
t_o
o
I
OQ
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION - COMBINED PRECIPITANTS
(Cont inued)
Data points
Pol lutant Pi lot sea
N i trobenzene
Tol uene
Naphtha lene
Methylene chloride
Chloroform
Carbon tetrach lor ide
, 2-Dichloroethane
"
, 1 , 1 -T rich lo roe thane
, 1 ,2-Tr ich loroethane
,2-Dich loropropane
rrich lo roe thy lene
, 1 -Dich loroethy lene
,2-trans-Dichloroethylene
Tetrachlo roe thy lene
1 sophorone
le Fu 1 1 sea le
1
4
3
4
3
4
2
3
4
1
3
2
1
3
1
Effluent concentration
Range Med i an
73
8
330
4
ND
ND
44
ND
ND
ND
ND
- 4,200
- 1,300
- 9,800
- 4,700
- 65
- ND
- 120
- <5
- 300
- 22
- 7
ND
2,500
33
13
>99
>99
>99
95
- 96
- 86
- 94
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
ency, %
Med i an
>99
90
70
54
94
>99
>99
NM
>99
58
>99
>99
NM
>99
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
I
I>
00
-------
a
n
ID
l1
N>
00
U)
o
y
p
OQ
01
N>
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION (LIME)
(jO
I
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD
TOC
TSS 1
Oil and grease
TDS
Total phenol
Aluminum
Ba r i um
Boron
Ca Ic ium
Coba It
1 ron
Magnes iurn
Manganese
Mo lybdenum
Sod ium
Phosphorus
Tin
Ti tan ium
Vanad ium
Gold
Pa 1 lad ium
Fluoride
Chloride
Yttrium
Hexavalent chromium
Toxic Pollutants, u.g/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Asbestos
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium 1
Chromium 1
Copper 4
Cyan ide
Lead 4
Mercury
Nickel 1
Se ten ium
Si 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 ium
Z i nc 4
Fu 1 1 sea le
5
4
22
12
3
14
6
2
1
2
1
15
1
8
1
1
1 1
4
2
1
1
1
14
1
1
3
3
6
2
1
13
17
25
8
18
5
15
2
2
2
24
Effluent concentration
Ranqe Median
2 -
7 -
ND -
ND -
420 -
ND -
ND -
0.02 -
230 -
ND -
ND -
0.06 -
ND -
ND -
1 .4 -
ND -
ND -
ND -
6. IE6 -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
0. 1 -
ND -
ND -
ND -
1. 1 -
13 -
53
12
150
68
3,300
0.33
5. 1
0.2
530
24
0.54
1.6
100
0.02
200
0.006
180
80
8.2E6
80
250
700
5,500
440
8
5,200
87
ND
<20
26,000
18
9.5
12
8.7
3, 100
0.01 1
0. 14
0. 1 1
0.05
290
0.02
0. 17
3.5
0. 1 1
0.03
240
0.86
0.02
0.01
0.02
25
ND
1 1
19,000
0.4
ND
1 .9
<6.4
7.2E6
<20
1 1
36
50
2.5
38
1
10
44
ND
99 -
81 -
25 -
95 -
22 -
47 -
34 -
52 -
0 -
75 -
6 -
>99 -
58 -
25 -
>99
37
>99
99
>99
>99
96
>99
>99
99
>99
>99
79
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>96
>99
>99
>75
>99
Med i a n
66
20
88
95
NM
42
98
54
80
58
94
96
83
>99
57
23
92
>95
>75
33
84
>99
45
24
NM
>99
82
>92
>97
NM
92
>99
98
>99
90
92
84
>99
>99
>66
96
-------
a
(T
m
00
U)
n
OQ
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION (LIME)
(Cont inued)
OJ
I
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Pheno 1
2, i*-Di methyl phenol
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
Benzo(a ) anthracene
Benzoja jpyrene
Acenaphthylene
Anthracene
Chrysene
Fl uoranthene
Fluorene
Naphtha lene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Methylene chloride
Ch lo reform
Carbon tetrachloride
1 , 1 -Dich loroethane
1 , 1 , l-Trich loroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Tr ich loroethane
T r i ch 1 o roethy 1 ene
Tetrach lo roe thy lene
1 sophorone
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
Ful 1 sea le
12
5
2
9
9
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
9
2
2
3
7
7
1
2
6
3
1
6
1
5
2
2
Effluent concen t rat i on
Range
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
40
BDL
BDL
BDL
73
1
5
BDL
ND
BDL
1
BDL
BDL
2
BDL
BDL
28
0. 1
1
560
Med ian
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
1 1
0.5
3
2.5
ND
ND
BDL
BDL
ND
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
1
1 .2
BDL
ND
4
0.6
ND
ND
0.5
280
Removal efficiency, %
Ranqe Median
11-97 91*
NM
NM
NM
56 - 99 78
69*
18
>99
NM
0 - >99 >50
NM
NM
NM
92* - >99 >96
NM
NM
>99
NM
92* - >99 >96
90
33
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
>99
NM
7
ND, not detected.
NM, not mean ingfuI.
*Approximate value.
-------
a
03
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION-SODIUM CARBONATE
00
(^>
fa
n
tr
o
3
uq
fD
to
OJ
N)
Data ooints Effluent concentration Removal efficiency. I
Pol lutant
Classical pollutants,
BOD( 5 )
TSS
TOC
Phosphorus
Total phenols
Oi 1 and grease
Fluoride
A 1 urn i num
Manganese
Vanadium
Ba r i urn
1 ron
Tin
Titanium
Calcium
Magnesium
Sod i urn
Mo 1 ybdenum
Coba 1 1
Boron
Yttrium
Pa 1 lad ium
Tel lurium
Platinum
Pilot scale Full scale Ranae
mg/L:
2 5* -
t
\
;
;
> 0.005 -
1 BDL -
> 0.98 -
0. II -
0.008 -
17
0.08
14
76
0.38
<0. 12
Median Range
99
87
86
67
42
NM
89
>95
NM
>99
>99
96
78
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se len i um
Si Iver
Thai 1 ium
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl )
2 99
230
670 4-83
<5
960 94 - >99
<6
330
84
96
>75
>83
>99
44
50»
>97
NM
96
62
>97
NM
91
NM
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
33
NM
NM
NM
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Approximate value.
-------
o
to
ct
fD
K5
*-
00
o
B)
3
00
fD
NO
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION-SODIUM HYDROXIDE
LO
K3
ho
Data points
Effluent concentration
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Range
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
Total phosphorus
Total phenols
Oi 1 and grease
Fluoride
Aluminum
Manganese
Hexavalent chromium
1 ron
Tin
TDS
Cyanide, total
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Cadmium
Ch rom i urn
Copper
Lead
Nickel
S i 1 ve r
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Benzene
Toluene
Anthracene
Benzo(a Janthracene
Chrysene
Fluorene
Naphtha lene
Phenanthrene
Carbon tetrachloride
Ch lo reform
Methylene chloride
Tet rach 1 o roethy 1 ene
1,1,1 -Trichlo roe thane
1 , 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Trichlo roethy 1 ene
4
5
2
5
5
1
2
4
5
1
3
3
3
4
5
4
3
3
5
4
4
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
19 -
0.23 -
0.02 -
2.0 -
NO -
0.009 -
ND -
0.31 -
680 -
ND -
ND -
18 -
1.0 -
ND -
ND -
1 1 -
44 -
BDL -
ND -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
1.0 -
ND -
31
2.0
0.066
24
1 .2
0.019
0.025
310
19,000
BDL
930
3,000
5,900
ND
210
64
560
52
BDL
92
BDL
1 .0*
BDL
90
1.0
Med ian
27
0.75
0.043
12
0.90
0.54
0.014
ND
0.60
ND
5, 100
ND
27
160
160
ND
ND
17
81
BDL
BDL
BDL
2.0
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
1 .0
BDL
ND
5
46
ND
0.5
1.0
1 1
Removal efficiency. %
Range
33
42
62
0
73
0
5
>99
28
79
36
>99
80
73
76
0
- 82
- 98
- 97
- >99
- >99
- 98
- 29
- >99
- >99
- 99
- 98
- >99
- >99
- 93*
- 96*
- >99
Med ian
61
70
90
89
>6I
88
97
>99
75
NM
17
>99
68
96
94
>99
>99
76
92
83*
NM
86
>99
NM
NM
80*
80*
94*
86*
NM
NM
55
90
>99
>50
50
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
0
03
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION-SULFIDE
Pol Iutant
Pi lot sea Ie
Data points
FuI I scale
Effluent concentration
Range Median
Removal efficiency. %
Range Med ian
00
to
o
Sa
a
00
n>
u>
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
18
86
Toxic pollutants, M9/L:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Be ry 1 1 i urn
Cadmium
Ch rom i um
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se 1 en i um
Si 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 i um
Zinc
150
62
BDL
73
60
38
<50
200
<50
BDL
BDL
200
100
71
7H
NM
NM
8
88
> 1 U
97
NM
NM
NM
NM
66
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
LO
N3
-------
u
rt
n>
ho
-P-
00
n
rr
B
OQ
ro
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION (UNSPECIFIED)
u>
i
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale Ful
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TOC
TSS
TS
TVS
VSS
TDS
SS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
Al umi num
Ba r ium
Ca Ic ium
Coba 1 1
1 ron
Manganese
Mo lybdenum
Sod i urn
Phosphorus
Stront ium
Tin
Phenol
Rhod ium
Gold
Pa 1 1 ad i urn
F 1 uor ide
Hexavalent chromium
Toxic Pollutants, ng/L:
Ant imony
Be ry 1 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Zinc
Bis ( 2-ethy Ihexy 1 ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
1 sea 1 e
3
5
2
18
1
1
1
14
1
17
1
4
1
1
1
18
4
1
1
16
1
17
1
1
8
5
16
16
1
1
17
19
19
18
19
5
19
9
19
2
2
Effluent concentration
Range Median
19 -
26 -
74 -
5 -
370 -
BDL -
0.08 -
0.07
0.04
0.02 -
0.05 -
0.004 -
0.001 -
0.34 -
BDL -
5 -
5 -
4 -
BDL -
BDL -
99
99
98
>99
88
81
99
>99
99
>99
>99
>99
99
99
>99
67
>99
>97
iciency, %
Med ian
32
58
42
92
94
96
>99
22
NM
72
58
90
80
>89
>75
95
86
>75
NM
69
18
56
33
0
64
63
23
50*
NM
NM
58
97
90
71
79
7
87
16
95
>74
>99
-------
o
fa
CO
UJ
n
CW
ro
N3
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH SEDIMENTATION (UNSPECIFIED)
(Cont inued )
Data points Effluent concentration
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Ranqe Median
n-N i trosod ipheny lamine
Phenol
2,4-Dini trophenol
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
To 1 uene
Anthracene/Phenanthrene
Chrysene
F 1 uoranthene
Pyrene
Methylene chloride
Ch lo reform
Carbon tetrach loride
1,1, l-Trichloroethane
T r i ch 1 o roethy 1 ene
1 , 2-trans-Dichloroethy lene
ND
74
ND
720
130
1,900
BDL
ND
ND
ND
5 BDL - 130 15
1 1
ND
0. 1
11
21
Tetrach loroethylene 99
NM
>99
35
81
39
NM
>99
>99
>99
94
NM
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful,
*Approximate value.
I
CO
-------
G
rt
fl>
00
U)
n
Co
3
09
KJ
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH FILTER-LI ME
UJ
i
Data points Effluent concentration
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Ranqe
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD
TSS
TDS
Oil and grease
Tota 1 pheno 1
Al umi num
6a r i urn
Boron
Ca Ic ium
Coba It
1 ron
Magnes i urn
Manganese
Mo lybdenum
Sod i urn
Phosphorus
Si 1 icon
Stront ium
Tin
Ti tan ium
Vanad ium
P 1 a t i num
Nitrate
Ammon i a
3 34-55
4 14 - 690
1
1
1 0.19- 6.2
1 0.23 - 0.58
1
Osmium
Gold
Fluoride
Toxic Pollutants, uxj/L:
Antimony
Arsenic 3
Be ry 1 1 i urn
Cadmium 1
Chromi urn
Copper 1
Cyan ide
Lead 4
Me rcu ry 3
Nickel 1
Selenium 2
S i 1 ve r 1
Tha 1 1 ium
Zinc 1
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate 1
99
0
NM
NM
2
81
NM
0
NM
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
>99
>99
44
NM
25 - >75 54
NM
>99
NM
99
NM
85 - >99 95
NM
>99
40
40
NM
99
97*
-------
a
rt
(D
K3
-P-
00
U)
n
51
&J
3
(TO
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH FILTER-LIME
(Cont inued)
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale
Butyl benzyl phthalate 1
Di-n-butyl phthalate 1 1
Diethyl phthalate 1
Pheno 1 1
Benzene 1
Ethyl benzene 1
Toluene 1
Anthracene 1 1
Naphthalene 1
Phenanthrene 1
Methyl ene chloride 1
Chloroform 1
1 , 1 -Dichloroethane 1
Trichloroethylene 1
1 ,2-trans-Dichloroethylene 1
Effluent concentration
Range Med ian
BDL
BDL - 5.4 BDL
NO
13
BDL
BDL
1
ND - 0. 1 0.05
BDL
ND
14
0.2
BDL
2. 1
BDL
Removal efficiency. %
Range Median
NM
5
>99
NM
NM
NM
0
50
NM
NM
42
NM
NM
NM
NM
M
OJ
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
OJ
I
-------
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH FILTER (NaS(2), Na(2)S)
rt
n>
e-
oo
to
3
OQ
ro
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
Pheno 1
Toxic pollutants, jig/L:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Ch rom i urn
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si 1 ve r
Thai 1 ium
Zinc
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Effluent concentration Removal efficiency. %
Range
6 -
<50 -
BDL -
BDL -
77 - 95
<75
<50
BDL
BDL
<98
<62 >92 - >99
Med ian
92
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
>67
>98
NM
>86
99
>6U
>7I
93*
NM
>96
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
a
CD
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION WITH FILTER-UNSPECIFIED
ISJ
J>-
\
00
n
cr
to
3
OQ
ro
to
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
TDS
Oil and grease
Phosphorus
Fluorides
Hexavalent chromium
1 ron
Tin
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L:
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Ful 1 sea le
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Effluent concentration
Range
1 -
1,600 -
0. 1 -
1.6 -
0. 13 -
0. 11 -
0.09 -
6 -
130 -
260 -
5 -
BDL -
nn -
140 -
10
1,800
0.5
3.9
5
0.25
0. 14
6
610
440
400
32
1,000
890
Med i a n
5.5
1,700
5
0.3
2.8
2. 1
0.20
0. 12
6
370
350
200
24
520
520
Removal efficiency. %
Ranqe
94
95
0
96
0
65
88
72
0
58*
55
91
- 98
- 96
- 7
- 96
- 93
- 86
- 95
- 94
- 80
- 77
- 98
- 99
Med ian
96
NM
89
96
NM
3.5
96
46
76
92
83
40
68
76
95
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
U)
I
K3
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Unspecified)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Battery
Subcategory: Lead
Plant: 20993
References: 3-113
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal., Screen/Chem. Ppt., Sed.
(clarifier), Polishing Lagoon
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Influent: 561,000
m3/day; effluent: 552,000 m3/day
Chemical dosages(s): Sodium hydroxide:
227,000 kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation
(24 hr/day)
Hydraulic detention time: 10.2 L/hr/m2
Type of sedimentation:
Clarifier
Hydraulic loading rate:
693 L/hr/m2
Hydraulic detention time:
7.0 hr
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Type of sedimentation: Polishing
lagoon
Hydraulic loading rate: 120 hr
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 2'1-hr composite, flow
proportion (one hrl
Analysis: Data set 2 IV.7.3.81
Pol lutant/pararaeter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum
pH, maximum
TSS
TDS
1 ron
Oi 1 and grease
Manganese
Strontium
Toxic pollutants, M9/L:
Chromi um
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
1,1,1-Trich lo roe thane
Bi s( 2-ethy I hexy I jphtha late
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Methylene chloride
Concentre
Influent
2.0
2. it
111
680
16
BDL
120
33
57
78
1,1(00
36
120
0.1*
10
NO
BOL
it ion
Effluent
8.7
9.1
11
2,000
0.92
BDL
U4
27
5.0
in
130
9.0
NO
0.1*
BDL
BDL
BDL
Percent
remova 1
21
NM
9U
NM
63
18
91
82
91
75
>99
NM
50
NM
NM
Detection
1 imit
5.0
5.0
0.005
5.0
3.0
1.0
30
6.0
1.0
0.1
10
10
1.0
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NO, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
"Approximate value.
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.3-28
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Lime)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Coil coating
Subcategory: Steel
Plant: 46050
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment: Ion Exch./Chem. Red. (Cr)
Coag. Floe, (polymer), Sed. (tank)
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
, Equal., Chem. Ppt.,
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 260 m3/day
Chemical dosages(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Batch (8 hr/day)
Chem. Red. (Cr); continuous (24 hr/day)
Chem. Ppt.
Type of sedimentation: Tank
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time:
16.0 hr
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Influent: (201,202) continuous 2M-hr composite,
time proportion (one hr);
effluent: batch (unspecified) composite,
time proportion (three hr);
(205) continuous (unspecified) composite,
flow proportion (one day);
(253) batch-unspecified composite, flow
nronnrf.ion I nne riav) Ana
Concent rat i on
Pol
1 utant/pa rameter
Influent
201
strei
202
im(a)
253
205
Avq.
Effluent
Percent
remova 1
Detection
limit
Flow m(3)/day
160
68
26
260
260
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum
pll, maximum
Fluorides
Phosphorus
TSS
1 ron
Oil and grease
Phenols, total
Manganese
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Chromi urn
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Z t nc
Cyan i de, tota 1
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Bi s(2-ethyhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Tr ich I o roe thy I ene
Phenanthrene
Hexavalent chromium
Acenaphthy I ene
Anthracene
7.0
7.4
1.0
22
160
0.85
10
0.73
NO
lit
180
150
5,300
1*3
1.2
23
BOL
BDL
0.5
ND
ND
ND
ND
4.3
5.8
78
11
70
1.14
1.14
ND
1.05
130
ND
ND
32,000
65,000
ND
ND
200
ND
330
ND
ND
60
BDL
ND
7.5
7.5
2.6
870
7.2
ND
ND
3.6
620,000
143
56
20,300
370,000
ND
ND
15
ND
15
ND
ND
330,000
ND
ND
2.0*
6.9
0.78
0.6
110
0.60
ND
0.005*
2.1»
ND
11
ND
ND
230
ND
ND
BDL
ND
ND
0.6
ND
ND
ND
ND
21
16
150
1.2
6.4
BDL
1. 1
18,000
11
110
9,100
31,000
26
0.73
68
BDL
90
0.36
ND
9,400
BDL
ND
7.0
7.0
10
1.6
8.0
0. 17
11
0.020
0.16
24
3.0
ND
1,l»00
1*140
ND
ND
«0
ND
HO
ND
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
52
90
95
86
NM
NM
85
>99
73
>99
85
99
NM
NM
1*1
NM
56
>99
NM
>99
NM
NM
0. 1
0.003
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
3.0
1 .0
30
6.0
1 .0
5.0
0.1
10
10
10
0.1
10
5.0
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BOL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not mean i ngfuI.
(a ) InfIuent streams 202, 201 and 205 a re coded as cont i nuous raw waste streams,
stream 253 is coded as batch.
*Approximate vaIue.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2
III.3.1.3-49
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Lime)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Coil coating
Subcategory: Steel
Plant: 11058
References: 3-113
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment:
(clarifier)
Chem. Red. (Cr)/Skimming, Chem. Ppt., Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 200 m3/day
Chemical dosages(s): Lime: 74,000 kg/yr;
coagulating agents: 370 kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time : Unspecified
Unit configuration: Clarifier-continuous
operation (12 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Clarifier
Hydraulic loading rate:
204 L/hr/m2
Hydraulic detention time:
13.8 hr
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I ing:
Unspecified composite, flow
proportion (one hrl
Analysis; Data set 1 IV.7.3.91
Concentration
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum
pH, maximum
Fluorides
Phosphorus
TSS
TDS
1 ron
Oi 1 and grease
Phenols, total
Aluminum
Manganese
Toxic pollutants, ug/L;
Chromi urn
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Fluorene
Anthracene
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Chrysene
Bi s(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Benzo( a Jpyrene
Phenanthrene
1 sophorone
1 , 1-Dichloroethane
Fluoranthene
1,2-Benzanthracene
Influent
7.1
9.8
3.8
29
1450
2,800
14.3
110
0.008
1.8
0.16
6,600
26
1)30
30,000
10
50
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
50
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
Effluent
8.3
9.5
3.2
0.79
17
3,300
0.66
6.0
NO
0.07
ND
350
7.0
ND
280
ND
ND
2.0
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
ND
ND
M.O
ND
ND
Percent
remova 1
16
97
96
NM
85
95
>99
96
>99
95
73
>99
99
>99
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
Detection
limit
0.1
0.003
5.0
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
0.014
0.005
3.0
1.0
30
1.0
10
10
0.1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
0.1
10
1.0/10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, riot detected.
NM, not meaningfuI.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-50
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Filtration
(Lime)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Steam electric
Subcategory: Ash transport water
Plant: See below
References: 3-86, pp. 219,220,222
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Chem. Ppt.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosages(s): Add to pH >11.0
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: FGD scrubber waste
pond
Type of sedimentation: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspeci-
fied
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA)a)
Analysis: Data set 4 (V.7.3.311
Shawnee Power Plant A Shawnee Power Plant B
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD
TSS
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Arsenic
Lead
Mercury
Se 1 en i urn
Concentre
1 nf 1 uent
2M
M90
0. 1
5
it ionla }
Effluent
34
IU
1 1
23
0.5
3
Percent Detection Concent rat ionl a )
removal limit Influent Effluent
NM 55
NM 160 57
5U 6
95 9M
NM 1
140 141
Percent Detection
remova 1 limit
NM
64
NM
NM
NM
NM
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COO
TSS
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Arson ic
Lead
Mercury
Concent n
1 nf luent
2140
260
0. 1
Shawnee
it ion( a )
Effluent
51
690
1 10
39
3.3
Power Plant D
Percent Detection
removal limit
NM
NM
514
85
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
(a)Average of 1-10 samples.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-59
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Filtration
(Lime)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Steam electric
Subcategory: Cooling tower blowdown
Plant: 5604
References: 3-86, Appendix E, p. 20
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Chem. Ppt., Filtration
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosages(s): Add to pH >11.0
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Jar test
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Unspecified
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.31)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration Percent Detection
Influent Effluent removal limit
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Chromium
Copper
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
Beryllium
Cadmium
Lead
Mercury
Selenium
Thallium
Vanadium
5
7
2
180
6
3
780
<0.5
<0.5
<3
<0.2
<2
<1
24
3
<1
<2
48
12
4
140
<0.5
<0.5
<3
<0.2
<2
<1
77
40
>86
NM
73
NM
NM
82
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-60
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Lime, Polymer)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Ore mining and dressing
Subcategory: See below
Plant: See below
References: 3-66, pp. VI-60-61, 77-80, 86-87,
101-102
Pretreatment/treatment: None (unless otherwise
specified)/Chem. Ppt.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosages(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Un-
specified
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Type of sedimentation: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Samol ina: Vartab le
Subcateqory
Base metal mine
Base met a I mine
Lead/zinc mine
Lead/zinc mine/mill
Lead/zinc mine/mill
smel ter/ refinery
Base meta 1 mi no
Base meta 1 mi ne
Lead/zinc mine
Lead/zinc mine/mi 1 1
Lead/z inc mine/mi 1 1
smel ter/ref inery
Subcateoorv
Base metal mine
Base metal mine
Lead/zinc mine
Lead/z i nc mi ne/rni 1 1
Lead/z inc mine/mi 1 1
smel ter/ref inery
NM, not meaningful .
(a)pll In clarifier:
(b)Use in system:
REMOVAL DATA
TSS
Concent rat ion. mq/l.
Plant Influent Effluent
Mine No. 1 of Canadian
pi lot plant study
Mine No. 2 of Canadian
pi lot plant study
3113(a) 110 10
3121(b) 4.5 17
3107(c) 16 6
1 uad
Concentration. uq/L
influent £ff 1 uent
Mine No. 1 of Canadian
pilot plant study 3,900 180
Mine No. 2 of Canadian
pilot plant study 1,200 440
3113(a) 88 <20
3121(b) 210 80
3107(c) 130 70
ICofJce in ration: . J13 K
Plant Influent E f f I tie n
Mine No. I of Canadian
pilot plant study 10,000 4U
Mine No. 2 of Canadian
pilot plant study 47,000 50
31 I3(a) 1 ,500 50
3121 (b) 100 50
3l07(c) 31 15
8.8-9.8.
secondary, tailing pond was used in prciroatmont of
Analysis: Data set t IV. 7. 3. 231
Cadmi urn
Percent Concentration. ua/L Percent
removal Influent Effluent removal
91 230 15 93
NM
62 120 60 50
2 i nc
Percent Concent ra_t ion,_jAg/L Percent
removal Influent Effluent removal
95 1,200,000 330 >99
63 510,000 "450 >99
>77 71,000 I.IOO 98
62 7'|0 380 M9
16 2,900 1,000 66
Pe rcent
t Komoval
>99
>99
97
!>0
52
influent; pll inclarifier: 9.2-11.3.
(c)Use In system: tertiary, pretreatment of Influent included tailing pond, lime precipitation, aeration, flocculatIon,
and clarification; pH In clarifier: 6.1-6.7.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.3-65
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Lime, Polymer)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Ore mining and dressing
Subcategory: Copper mill
Plant: 2122
References: 3-66, pp. VI-90,93
Pretreatment/treatment: Sed./Chem. Ppt.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosages(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: 2.8 hours
Flocculation detention time: Un-
specified
Unit configuration: Unspecified
pH in clarifier: 9.3-9.9
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Type of sedimentation: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 9 days
Analysis; Data set 4 (V.7.3.23)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration(a)
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 2,600
36
99
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
190
2,000
160
190
100
32
38
75
45
25
83
98
53
76
75
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Average values: TSS (54 observations),
Metals (46 observations).
Date: 8/31/82 RChange 1 III.3.1.3-66
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Sulfur Dioxide, Lime)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Coil coating
Subcategory: Alum
Plant: 1057
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment:
Sed. (lagoon)
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Equal., Chem. Red. (Cr)/Chem. Ppt., Coag Floe.,
Wastewater flow rate: Influent: 48
m3/day; effluent: 170 m3/day
Chemical dosages(s): S02: 5,440 kg/day;
lime: 14,500 kg/day
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Chem. Red. (Cr) (0.7 hr/day), Chem. Ppt. (CN)
(0.6 hr/day), Coagulant Addition (inorganic), continuous operation
(24 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Lagoon
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time:
Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I ing:
Unspecified composite, flow
proportion (one hrl
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.9)
Concentration
Pol lutant/pa rameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum
pH, maximum
Fl uor ides
Phosphorus
TSS
1 ron
Oi 1 and grease
Phenols, total
Manganese
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L;
Chromium
Copper
Zinc
Bi s( 2-ethy 1 hexyl ) ph thai ate
Diethyl phthalate
Influent
5.U
6.7
22
56
1.5
5.0
NO
0.05
15,000
11
930
ND
40
Effluent
6.5
7.8
16
0.06
6.0
0.36
22
0.08
0.054
7.0
ND
360
BDL
50
Percent
remova 1
27
89
76
NM
NM
NM
>99
>99
61
NM
NM
Detect ion
limit
0.1
0.003
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
3.0
1 .0
1.0
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-75
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
(Lime, Calcium Hydroxide)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Point source: Metal finishing
Subcategory: Common metals; precious metals;
cyanide
Plant: 36623
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment: Chem. Ox. (CN), Skimming, Equal./Chem. Ppt., Sed.
(clarifier)
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Influent: 1,250
m3/day; effluent: 1,250 m3/day
Chemical dosage(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation
(24 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Clarifier
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time:
Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 2i*-hr composite, flow proportion (one hrl
Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.13Ha 1
Concentra t i on
Influent Stream(b)
Pol 1 utant/pa rameter
Flow m( 3)/day
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pll, minimum
pH, maximum
Fluorides
Phosphorus
TSS
IDS
1 rori
Tin
Oil and grease
Pheno 1 s, tota 1
Gold
Toxic pollutants, |ag/L:
Cadm t urn
Chrom i urn
Coppe r
Nickel
Z i nc
Cyanide, total
Ch lo reform
Bi s(2-ethylhexyl )phtha late
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
D i ethy 1 phtha 1 a te
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Si 1 ver
Naptha lene
Anthracene
201
960
3.1*
7.2
18
0.90
3.9
170
1.0
0.51*
0.3
ND
13
ND
100
790
7.2
780
33
2.0
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
2M8
290
5.5
7.9
0.98
0.31*
1.3
96
0.087
ND
1*.5
0.005
750
NO
ND
72
0.39
50
88
BDL
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
130
NO
ND
Average
1,250
14
0.78
3.3
150
0.79
O.U2
1.3
0.001
180
ND
77
620
5.6
610
1*6
1.6
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
30
BDL
BDL
Effluent
1,250
7.9
9.1
28
0.68
2.1*
1*20
0.029
NO
2.3
0.005
25
7.0
NO
180
1.0
28
20
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
ND
BUL
BDL
Percent
remova I
NM
13
29
NM
96
>99
NM
NM
86
NM
>99
71
83
95
56
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
Detection
1 imit
0.1
0.003
5.0
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
2.0
3.0
1 .0
6.0
1.0
1 .0
10
10
10
10
10
0.1/1.0
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
(a)Original source of data: BAT Verification Sampling 1978-19791HS).
(b)Influent stream coded 21*8 is pre-cyanide treatment (continuous) and stream coded 201 is a
continuous raw waste stream.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-76
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Sodium Hydroxide)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Copper
Subcategory: Pickle; anneal; hot roll
Plant: 36070
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment: Neutral./Equal., Chem. Ppt
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Sed. (clarifier)
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate
m3/day; effluent:
Chemical dosages(s):
1,630 kg/yr
Mix detention time:
Influent: 160
140 m3/day
Sodium hydroxide:
Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation (24 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Clarifier
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time:
Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I ing:
24-hr composite, flow
proportion (one hrl
Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.13)
PoI Iutant/parameter
Concentration
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum 5.1 7.0
pH, maximum 8.3 9.3
Fluorides 1.2 1.2
Phosphorus 0.04 0.59
TSS 5.0 31
Iron 0.07 0.51
Oil and grease 6.0 15
Phenols, total 0.2 0.02
Manganese 0.018 0.019
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
0
NM
NM
NM
NM
90
NM
Detect ion
I i m i t
0.1
0.003
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
0.005
Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
Copper
Zinc
Cyanide, total
Tet rach I o roethy I ene
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
Chloroform
Bi s(2-ethy Ihexyl Jphtha late
Phenanthrene
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Naphtha lene
Si Iver
Anthracene
Benzene
Methyl ene chloride
To luene
1,700
530
BDL
7.0
U.O
11
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
ND
ND
BDL
1,000
10
BDL
3,500
81
BDL
ND
ND
5
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
1.0
11
BDL
2.0
1.0
ND
NM
85
NM
>99
>99
55
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
>99
90
NM
1.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
0.1
1.0
10
10
10
10
0.1
0.1/1.0
10
1.0
1.0
5.0
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-77
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Sodium Hydroxide)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Metal finishing
Subcategory: Common metals; hexavalent chromium
cyanide; oil
Plant: 38052
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment: Chem. Red. (Cr)/Chem. Ppt.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Sed. (clarifier)
Wastewater flow rate: Influent: 47
m3/day; effluent: 47 m3/day
Chemical dosages (s): Sodium bisulfite:
908,000 1/yr; Sodium hydroxide: 320
m3/hr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation,
(14 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Clarifier
Hydraulic loading rate: Un-
specified
Hydraulic detention time: Un-
specified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 16-hr composite, flow proportion lone hrl
Analysis: Data set 1(V.7.3.13Hal
Concentration
Influent Stream! b)
Pol lutant/oarameter
Flow m(3)/day
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum
pH, maximum
Fluorides
Phosphorus
TSS
TDS
1 ron
Tin
Oi 1 and grease
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Cadmium
Chromi um
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Cyanide, total
Bis(2-ethylhexyl )
phtha late
Di-n-butyl phtha late
Die thy I phtha late
Tr ich 1 oroethy lene
Naphtha 1 ene
Hexavalent chromium
Arsen ic
Me thy lene chloride
200
16
7.2
12
0.68
3.0
56
19,000
7.2
0.19
25
1,100
1,500
500,000
90
NO
20,000
2,1*00,000
59
ND
141
8.0
ND
50*
ND
201
31
2.5
3.6
0.78
2.0
26
1,100
29
0.08*
17
1,100
520,000
110,000
BDL
8
26,000
2,500
71
BDL
170
5.0
1.0*
88,000
ND
Averaae
0.71
2.3
36
7,100
21
0.12*
20
1,300
310,000
210,000
10
5.2
21,000
810,000
68
BOL
120
5.9
0.65*
57,000
17*
ND
Effluent
17
6.3
8.5
0.90
0.23
21
5,100
0.60
ND
21
930
3,000
5,900
ND
ND
380
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
11
1.0*
ND
90
Percent
remova 1
NM
90
33
29
97
>99*
NM
28
99
98
>99
>99
98
>99
93*
NM
96*
NM
NM
>99
NM
Detection
limit
0.1
0.003
5.0
5.0
0.005
5.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
30
6.0
1.0
5.0
10
10
10
0.1
0.1/1.0
5.0
0.1/1.0
1.0
Blanks indicate data not available.
BOL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
(a) Original source of data BAT verification sampling 1978-1979 (HS).
(b) Influent streams 200 and 201 are continuous raw waste streams.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-78
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Sodium Hydroxide)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Metal finishing
Subcategory: Common metals; precious metals;
hexavalent chromium; cyanide
Plant: 21003
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal./Chem. Ppt., Sed.(lagoon)(b)
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Wastewater flow rate: 50 m3/day
Chemical dosage(s): Sodium hydroxide:
9,460 kg/yr; lime: 272 kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation
(8 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Lagoon
Hydraulic loading rate: Un-
specified
Hydraulic detention time:
48.0 hr
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 8-hr composite,
flow proportion (one hrl
Analysis: Data set KV.7.3.131(a I
Pol lutant/Parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pll, minimum
pH, maximum
Fluorides
Phosphorus
TDS
1 ron
Oi 1 and grease
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Cadmi urn
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Cyanide, total
Carbon tetrach loride
1, 1, 1-Trich I o roe thane
Bi s(2-ethylhexyl )ph thai ate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
Oiethyl phthalate
Phenanthrene
Si 1 ver
Hexavalent chromium
1, 1,2-Trlchloroethane
Naphtha lene
Anthracene
Concent
Inf luent(b)
7.5
7.5
1.8
1.3
590
1.3
18
8<4
170
250
1*5
50
350
280
1.0*
1.0
10
BDL
11
BDL
BDL
270
92
2.0
BDL
BOL
ration
Effluent
8.0
8.0
1.2
0.75
680
0.61
2.0
27
35
160
NO
210
70
ND
ND
1.0
64
25
1.0
Percent
remova 1
33
1(2
NM
53
89
68
79
36
>99
NM
80
>99
NM
0
76
73
50
Detection
1 imlt
0.1
0.003
5.0
0.005
5.0
2.0
3.0
1.0
30
6.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
0.1
10
10
10
10
10
0.1/1.0
5.0
1.0
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
* Approximate value.
(a) Original source of data: BAT Verification Sampling 1978-1979 (HS).
(b) Influent is a combination of five waste streams. Three are raw waste-
water, one has received chem. ox.(CN), chem. ppt. and sed.; another
received chem. red.(Cr), chem. ppt., and sed.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-79
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical. Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Sodium Hydroxide; Lime)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source : Coil coating
Subcategory: Alum
Plant: 13029
References: 3-113
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment:
(tube/plate)
None/Chem. Red. (Cr), Chem. Ppt., Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 31 m3/day
Chemical dosages(s): NaOH: 8,700 kg/yr;
Ca(OH)2: 4,300 kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Tube/plate settler-
continuous operation
Type of sedimentation: Tube/
plate settler
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time:
Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samplinq: 24-hr composite.
Pol lutant/parameter
Flow m(3)/day
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pll, minimum
pM, maximum
Fluorides
Phosphorus
TSS
1 ron
Oil and g rease
Pheno 1 s, tota 1
Aluminum
Manganese
Toxic pollutants, M9/L:
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Anthracene
Bi s(2-ethyhexy 1 ) phthalate
F 1 uorene
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Mexavalent chromium
Naphtha lene
flow proport
ion (one hr)
Concentration
Influent stream
200 201 Average
11
11
11
0.1*3
91
970
0.61
2,800
0.11*
970
1.5
3.0
180
210
60
ND
280
BDL
220
BDL
12
1*10
ND
ND
20
3.1
5.1*
340
99
11*
8.0
ND
99
0.76
8.0
660,000 1*1*0
230
170
190
38,000 25
BOL
62
BDL
BDL
68
290,000 190
BDL
31
160
30
380
9.11
930
0.05
380
1.0
6.3
,000
220
130
120
,000
BDL
110
BDL
8.7
180
,000
BDL
Ana Ivses:
Effluent
31
8.3
8.7
1*1*
1.3
37
0. 1
20
0.2
5.1
0.011
ND
2,500
10
ND
ND
69
ND
BDL
ND
ND
3.0
ND
BDL
Data set
Percent
remove I
72
97
90
99
98
NM
99
99
>99
99
95
>99
>99
>99
NM
91*
NM
NM
99
>99
NM
2 (V.7.3.9)
Detection
1 imlt
0.1
0.003
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
0.01*
0.005
2.0
3.0
1.0
30
6.0
1.0
10
10
10
10
10
5.0
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
"Approximate value.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-80
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Lime, Sodium Hydroxide)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Metal finishing
Subcateogory: Common metals; precious metals;
completed metals; cyanide; oils; solvents
Plant: 31032
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal., Chem. Ppt.[Ca(OH)2] , Ultrafiltration,
RO, Ion. Exch./Equal., Chem. Ppt., Coag Floe, (polyelectrolyte),
Sed. (tank)
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 390 m3/day
Chemical dosage(s): NaOH: 1,200 kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Raw waste - batch
operation (16 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Settling
tank
Hydraulic loading rate : Un-
specified
Hydraulic detention time: Un-
specified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samo 1 i nq : Grab
Analysis: Data set 1 ( V.7. 3. 13 )(a I
Concent rat ion
Pol 1 utant/pa rameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum
pll, maximum
Fluorides
TSS
1 ron
Tin
Oi 1 and grease
Phenols, total
Pa 1 ladium
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L:
Cadmium
chrom i um
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Z i nc
Cyan i de, tota 1
Carbon tetrachloride
1, 1, 1-Trichl o roe thane
Ch I oroform
Bis(2-e thy Ihexyl Iphtha late
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Trich I oroethy I ene
Influent
2.8
14.2
8.0
70
81
1.1
950
0.27
53
62
73,000
200
670
980
880
BDL
12
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
0.1*
Effluent
11
12
10
12
0. 16
ND
68
ND
ND
ND
1400
ND
ND
63
1420
ND
28
BDL
BDL
ND
ND
ND
ND
Percent
remova 1
NM
83
>99
>99
93
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
9U
52
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
Detect ion
1 i m i t
0.1
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
2.0
3.0
1.0
30
6.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
0.1
1.0
10
10
10
10
0.1
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
* Approximate value.
(a) Original source of data: BAT verification sampling 1978-1979 (HS).
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-81
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Sodium Hydroxide, Coagulant)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Coil coating
Subcategory: Galvanizing
Plant: 38053
References: 3-113 _
Pretreatment/treatment: Chem. Red. (Cr)/Chem. Ppt., Sed. (clarifier, tank}"
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Wastewater flow rate: Influent: 114
m3/day; effluent: 114 m3/day
Chemical dosages(s): Coagulating agents:
145 kg/yr; NaOH: 635 kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation
(24 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation:
Settling tank, clarifier
Hydraulic loading rate:
4,660 L/hr/m2-clarifier
Hydraulic detention time:
0.2 hr-clarifier
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate:
3.99 L/hr/m2 (tank)
Hydraulic detention time:
6.8 hr (tank)
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 21-hr composite, flow proportion (one hrl
Concentration
Analyses; Data set 2 IV.7.3.91
Po 1 1 utant/pa rameter
Flow m(3)/day
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum
pH, maximum
f I uor ides
Phosphorus
TSS
1 ron
0 i 1 and grease
Phenols, total
Al urn i num
Manganese
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Cadmi urn
Chromi um
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Chrysene
Anthracene
f 1 uorene
Phenanthrene
Bis(2-ethyhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Oiethyl phthalate
Hexavalent chromium
Naphtha 1 cne
1 , 2-benzanthracene
Inf
200
105
2.1
12
1.1
56
170
18
120
o.oue
1,8
0.32
56
61
56
2,200
ND
120,000
27
ND
85
ND
310
ND
170
120
ND
38
27
luent stream(a)
201
9
2.1
3.3
9.2
51
130
7.8
10
0.02
1.3
0.35
8.0
770
26
530
1,300
520,000
ND
BDL
ND
BDL
15
BDL
BDL
79
280
BDL
ND
Averaae
2
56
170
17
390
0.016
3.0
0.32
52
120
51
2,100
310
150,000
25
BDL
78
BDL
190
BDL
160
390
22
35
25
Effluent
111
7.1
12
ND
1.0
30
0.31
12
0.066
1.5
0.009
ND
280
1.0
ND
ND
560
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
52
ND
ND
92
ND
BDL
BDL
Percent
remova 1
>99
98
82
98
97
NM
88
97
>99
NM
93
>99
>99
>99
80*
NM
91*
NM
73
NM
NM
76
>99
86*
80*
Detection
limit
0.1
0.003
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
0.01
0.005
2.0
3.0
1.0
30
6.0
1.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5.0
10
10
Blanks indicate data not avaliable.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not mean i ngfuI.
(a)inriuent streams 200 and 201 are coded as continuous waste streams.
*App rox i ma te vaIue.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-82
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Sodium Hydroxide, Polyelectrolyte)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Metal finishing
Subcategory: Common Metals; hexavalent chromium
Plant: 9052
References: 3-113
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Chem. Ppt., Sed. (clarifier)
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Influent: 1,030
m3/day; effluent: 1,030 m3/day
Chemical dosages (s): NaOH: 680 kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Clarifier - continuous
(24 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Clari-
Hydraulic loading rate: 277
L/hr/m2
Hydraulic detention time: 8.2
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 2t-hr composite, time proportion (one hrl
Concentra t ion
Analysis: Data set KV.7.3.13Ha I
Influent Stream(b)
Pol I utant/pa rameter
Flow m(3)/day
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
F I uor ides
Phosphorus
TSS
IDS
I ron
Oil and grease
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L:
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Si Iver
Hexavalent chromium
Anthracene
Phenanthrene
200
560
0.66
2.3
73
20,000
310
7.8
690
15
ND
MO
DDL
BDL
ND
ND
250
BDL
BDL
201
1(70
ND
6.0
19
21,000
310
7.9
130
28
38
26
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
ND
BDL
BDL
Average
0.36
14
U9
20,000
310
7.8
1)1*0
21
17
34
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
11)0
BDL
BDL
Effluent
1,030
ND
2.0
19
19,000
310
3.0
18
1.0*
ND
1)1)
BDL
BDL
ND
17
ND
ND
ND
Percent
remova 1
>99
50
61
5
0
62
96
95*
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
Detection
1 imi t
0.1
0.003
5.0
5.0
0.005
5.0
3.0
1 .0
30
1.0
10
10
0.1/1.0
5.0
10
10
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
(a) Original source of data BAT verification sampling 1978-1979 (HS).
(b) Influent streams coded 200 and 201 are continuous raw waste streams.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-83
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Alum)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Wool finishing
Plant: B
References: 3-68, pp. VII-39-41
Pretreatment/treatment: Screen.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Equal., Act. Sl./Chem. Ppt.
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified Type of sedimentation:
Chemical dosages(s): 27-35 mg/L alum (Al+3) Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified Hydraulic loading rate:
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified 140-180 L/d/m2
Unit configuration: Reactor/clarifier Hydraulic detention time:
Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Average of 3 experimental runs;
21 samples for conventional
pollutants and single 24-hr
composite sample for
Pol lutant/Darameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD5
COD
TOC
TSS
Toxic pollutants, M-g/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Chrom i urn
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
1 ,2-Dich 1 orobenzene
To luene
1 , 2, 4-T rich 1 orobenzene
toxics
Concent
Influent
170
990
320
240
22
60
120
23
30
76
140
6,400
32
20
31
1,600
Ana lys i s:
rat ion
Effluent
33
210
72
20
23
62
41
16
30
57
170
5,700
44
ND
14
150
Data set 1 (V.7.3.32)
Percent Detection
remova 1 limit
81
79
77
92
NM
NM
66
30
0
25
NM
1 1
NM
>99
55
91
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-84
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Lime)
Data source:
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant: I
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Iron and steel
Combination acid
3-9, pp. 257,297,303
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Neutral./Chem. Ppt., Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 69.4 L/s
Chemical dosages(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation
Type of sedimentation: Settling
lagoon
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspeci-
fied
Hydraulic detention time: Un-
specified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Unspecified
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.5)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 560 130
Oil and grease 0.7 1.5
Dissolved iron 62 24
Fluoride 33 9.1
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Chromium 17,000 1,800
Copper 150 ND
Nickel 6,000 5,200
Zinc 750 240
77
NM
61
72
89
>99
13
68
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-85
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Lime)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Metal finishing
Subcategory: Common metals; hexavalent
chromium; oils
Plant: 44062
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Skimming, Equal., Chem. Red. (Cr),
Chem. Ppt., Sed. (clarifier)
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Effluent: 240
m3/day; influent: 270 m3/day
Chemical dosage(s): NaOH: 4,760 kg/yr;
sulfur dioxide: 10,900 kg/yr; phosphoric
acid: 3,800 kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous (24 hr/day);
(24 hr/day)
Type of sedimentation: Clarifier
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time:
Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
post Cr treatment - continuous
REMOVAL DATA
time proportion (one hrl
Analysis: Data set 11V. 7. 3.13 Ha I
Concentration
Pol lutant/Darameter
Flow m(3)/day
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, minimum
pH, maximum
F Uio rides
Phosphorus
TSS
1 ron
Oi 1 and grease
Phenols, total
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L:
Chromi urn
Coppe r
Lead
Zinc
Cyanide, total
Carbon tetrachloride
1, 1, 1-Trichloroethane
Chloroform
Bi s{2-ethyl hexyl )phtha late
Oi-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Trichloroethylene
Phenanthrene
Hexavalent chromium
Naphtha lene
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Anthracene
200
70
6.l|
7.2
19
l|. 1
1460
0.12
590
0.019
1,500
16
ND
36
8.0
ND
0.1*
BDL
147
BDL
39
ND
BDL
1,100
BDL
ND
BDL
Inf lu<
201
82
6.0
6.9
32
1.6
7.0
0.35
35
0.009
6,600
38
NO
Illl
110
ND
0.1*
ND
62
BDL
148
ND
ND
6,000
BDL
BDL
ND
int Streai
202
38
7.5
8.5
6.2
0.51
11
0.051
19
0.005*
NO
10
ND
11
5.0*
ND
0.1*
BDL
35
ND
31
ND
ND
ND
BDL
ND
ND
nib)
203
146
6.9
7.8
14.2
20
19
0.061
6.0
ND
8,1400
3U
IMO
, 33
5.0*
BDL
0.1*
BOL
71
BDL
13
0. 1*
BDL
8,000
BDL
NO
BDL
Ava. 10
2140
19
5.7
150
0.18
190
0.01*
14,300
25
27
3U
143*
BDL
0.1*
BDL
55
BDL
HI
0.02*
BDL
14,000
BDL
BDL
BDL
Effluent
270
7.8
9.1
22
0.41
23
0.067
16
0.005*
39
16
ND
13
ND
ND
1.2
BDL
BDL
ND
73
ND
BDL
ND
ND
ND
BDL
Percent
remova 1
NM
93
85
63
92
50*
99
36
>99
62
>99«
NM
NM
NM
91*
NM
NM
>99»
NM
>99
NM
NM
NM
Detect ion
limit
0.1
0.003
5.0
0.005
5.0
0.005
3.0
1.0
3.0
1,0
5.0
1.0
0.1
1.0
10
10
10
0. 1
10
5.0
10
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
^Approximate value.
(a)Original source of data: BAT Verification Sampling 1978-19791HS).
(b)Influent streams 200, 201, 202 and 203 are coded as continuous raw waste streams, with flows reported as
app rox i ma te vaIues.
(c)Aii parameters are presented as a flow weighted average.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-86
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Alum, Lime, Polymer)
Effluent Guidelines
Paint manufacturing
Unspecified
3-20, pp. VI-10-11, Appendix G
Data source:
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: 6
References:
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Chem. Ppt.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 0.04-0.26 L/s
Chemical dosages(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time : Un-
specified
Unit configuration: Batch operation
Type of sedimentation: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate : Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspeci-
fied
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Grab and composite
Pol lutant/oarameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD<5)
COO
TOC
TSS(b)
Oi 1 and grease
Total phenol
TS(b)
TDS(b)
TVS
VSS
Ca 1 c 1 urn
Magnesium
Sod [ urn
A 1 urn i nun)
Ba r 1 urn
Coba 1 1
1 ron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Tin
Titanium
Toxic pollutants, M9VL:
Antimony
Beryl) i urn
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Cya n i de
Nickel
SI Iver
Tha 1 1 i urn
Zinc
Phenol
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
Naphtha lene
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Chloroform
1 , i-Dichio roe thy lene
Me thy lene chloride
1,1, l-Trichloroethane
1, 1,2-Trlchloroethane
Pen tach 1 o ropheno 1
Bls(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Ol-n-butyl phthalate
Tetrachlo roe thy lene
Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3
Concentration ( aj
Influent tffluent
7, 100
32,000
9,800
7,100
980
0.27
15,000
7,1100
25 , 000
9,500
300
l|2
250
230
0.23
0.83
'130
0.87
O.M3
0.6
6.7
<25
99
>78
>9'l
>99
NM
>B7
>67
>97
NM
NM
NM
NM
77
>75
>97
NM
NM
NM
NM
91
>33
>90
>99
81
>33
>99
91
>99
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
NM
>99
Blanks Indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
(a)Average of three samples, except organlcs: two samples
(b)Average of two samples due to error In one sample reported.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.3-97
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Alum, Lime, Ferric Chloride)
Effluent Guidelines
Paint manufacturing
Unspecified
3-20, pp. VI-10-11, Appendix G
Data source:
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant: 20
References:
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Chem. Ppt.
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 0.02-0.04 L/s
Chemical dosages(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Un-
specified
Unit configuration: Batch operation
Type of sedimentation: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspeci-
fied
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Grab and composite
Analvsis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.25)
Concentration (a)
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
Total solids
TDS
TVS
Calcium
Magnes i urn
Sod i urn
Aluminum
Ba r i urn
Cobalt
1 ron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Tin
T i tanium
Toxic pollutants, |jg/L:
Antimony
Be ry 1 1 i urn
Cadmium
Chromi urn
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Si Iver
Thai 1 ium
Zinc
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
To 1 uene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Tet rach loroethy lene
1,1, 1 -Tr ich loroethane
1 , 1 , 2-Tr ich loroethane
1 , 2-Dichloroethane
Tr ich loroethy lene
Influent
l), 700
20,000
M,700
1 U , 000
1)00
<0.09
19,000
5,000
7,500
1,500
1)8
39
84
77
NM
NM
NM
NM
1)3
NM
NM
80
>25
NM
>37
NM
>97
NM
>99
NM
>99
NM
NM
>99
NM
>99
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
(a(Average of three samples, two samples for organic;.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.3-98
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(Polymer)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Paint manufacturing
Subcategory: Unspecified
Plant: 14
References: 3-20, pp. VI-10-11, Appendix G
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Chem. Ppt.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Wastewater flow rate: 0.004-0.02 L/s
Chemical dosages(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspeci-
fied
Unit configuration: Batch operation
Type of sedimentation: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspeci-
fied
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Semolina: Grab and composite
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
600(5)
COD
TOC
TSS
01 1 and grease
Total phenol
TS
TDS
TVS
VSS
Ca 1 c 1 urn
Magnesium
Sod 1 um
A 1 um [ nun)
Ba r 1 urn
Coba 1 t
1 ron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Tin
Tl tanium
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Antimony
Beryl 1 lum
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Thai 1 lum
Zinc
Bi s(2-ethylhexyl )phtha late
Ol-n-butyl phtnalate
Phenol
Ethytbenzene
Toluene
Chloroform
t ,2-Trans-dichloroethylene
Methyl ene chloride
T r i ch 1 o roe thy 1 ene
Benzene
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Tet rach l o roethy I ene
REMOVAL DATA
Concent ra tli
Influent 1
1,800
28,000
9,300
12,000
1, 100
0.71
1 7 , 000
5,100
1 3 , 000
8,300
180
I |
<63
85
1.5
0.08
60
10
0.08
0.2
6.5
<25
<6
15
95
550
<20
5,000
9,100
<20
n99
98
58
91
82
96
>99
>89
51
NM
99
80
>75
>99
99
>75
75
99
NM
NM
NM
>71
27
NM
97
99
NM
NM
NM
89
>97
>99
NM
81
39
NM
NM
NM
NM
35
>99
NM
Blanks indicate data no"t ava I table.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
(a)Average of two samples, except organic* and VSS; one sample.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.3-101
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Chemical Precipitation With Sedimentation
(BaCl2)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Ore mining and dressing
Subcategory: Uranium mine
Plant: See below
References: 3-66, pp. V-90, 91, VI-49
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Chem. Ppt.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosages(s): See below
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Un-
specified
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Type of sedimentation: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 21-hr composite, grab
Analysis; Data set I IV.7.3.231
Tota I rad i urn
Dissolved radium
Chemical dosage. Concentration. pCi/L Percent Concentration. pCi/L Percent
Plant mq/L BaCKZI Influent Effluent removal Influent Effluent removal
9112
9105( a)
9103
9MI 1
9108
9152
10
9.5
7.1
5
55
15
19
39
1 10
35
120
960
1 1
5.1
1.0
8.1
2. 1
7.2
78
87
96
76
98
99
1.7
33
16
38
93
1.6
<2
0.2
0.6
9U
99
98
>99
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Use in system: tertiary.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.3-102
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Chemical Precipitation With Filtration
(Lime, Sodium Hydroxide)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base Data source status:
Point source: Metal finishing Not specified
Subcategory: Common metals; hexavalent chromium Bench scale
Plant: 19068 Pilot scale
References: 3-113 Full scale 3
Pretreatment/treatment: Chem. Red. (Cr)/Chem. Ppt., Filter
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Influent: Filtration rate (hydraulic loading):
30 m3/day; effluent: 30 Unspecified
m3/day Backwash rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosage(s): Lime: 2,200 Bed depth: Unspecified
kg/yr; sodium hydroxide: 38,000 Media (top to bottom): Unspecified
kg/yr
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation (8 hr/day)
REMOVAL DATA
Samolinq: 8-hr composite! time
oroDort ion
(one hr)
Ana lysis:
Data set 1(V,
,7.1.131(3)
Concent rat ion
Pol lutant/oarameter
Flow m(3 I/day
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
Fluorides
Phosphorus
TSS
TDS
1 ron
Osmium
Oil and grease
Gold
Platinum
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Cadm i urn
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Pheno 1
Bi s(2-ethylhexyl ) phtha late
Butyl benzyl phtha late
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di ethyl phthalate
Si Iver
Phenanthrene
Naphtha 1 ene
Anthracene
Influent
349
6.2
12
21
2,800
10
1.2
U.O
14.0
0.62
1146,000
580
ND
76
230
5.0
BDL
BDL
32
15
BDL
BDL
BDL
St reamf b )
201
24
19
7.3
13
2,900
180
ND
7.0
ND
ND
2,300
1,900
220
11,000
2,200
5.0
190
BDL
99
15
BDL
BDL
BDL
Averaqe
18
15
2,900
140
0.3
6.i|
0.83
0.13
3,200
1,600
170
8,700
1,800
5.0
150
BDL
85
15
BDL
BDL
BDL
Effluent
30
10
0.58
17
14,800
0.19
ND
8.0
ND
ND
ND
16
ND
ND
10
13
BDL
BDL
ND
9.0
ND
BDL
ND
Percent
remova 1
1414
NM
NM
>99
>99
NM
>99
>99
>99
99
>99
>99
99
NM
97*
NM
>99
MO
NM
NM
NM
Detection
1 imi t
0.1
0.003
5.0
5.0
0.005
5.0
2.0
1.0
30
6.0
1 .0
10
10
10
10
10
0.1/1.0
10
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Approximate value.
(a)Original source of data: BAT Verification Sampling 1978-1979(HS).
(b) Influent stream coded 3'49 is post chromium treatment(cont inuous), and influent stream coded 201
is a continuous raw waste stream.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-109
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Filtration
(Unspecified)
Data source: EGD Combined Data Base
Point source: Metal finishing
Subcategory: Common metals; hexavalent chromium,-
cyanide; oils
Plant: 36041
References: 3-113
Pretreatment/treatment: Chem. Ox. (CN), Chem. Red. (Cr)/Chem. Ppt., Filter
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 130 m3/day
Chemical dosage(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Media (top to bottom): Unspecified
Unit configuration: Batch chem. ox.
batch chem. red.; continuous chem.
ppt. and filter
Filtration rate (hydraulic loading)
Unspecified
Backwash rate: Unspecified
Bed depth: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time:
Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 24-hr composite, flow
proportion (unspecified)
Analysis: Data set 1(V.7.3.13)(a)
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
pH, maximum
Fluorides
Phosphorus
TSS
IDS
1 ron
Tin
Oil and grease
Toxic pollutants, Mg/L:
Cadmium
Chromium
Hexavalent chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Cyanide, total
Concentrat
Influent
11
2.5
1.2
520
1,400
5.8
2.0
46
42
12,000
5.0
7,500
140
2,600
13,000
2,000
ion
Effluent
11
3.9
0.05
10
1,600
0.25
0. 14
5.0
6.0
610
5.0
440
32
44
140
400
Percent
remova I
NM
96
98
NM
96
93
89
86
95
0
94
77
98
99
80
Detect ion
I i m i t
0.1
0.003
5.0
5.0
0.005
5.0
2.0
3.0
5.0
1.0
30
6.0
1 .0
5.0
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
(a)Original source of data: Electroplating Pretreatment 1976-1977(HS).
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.3.1.3-110
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation With Filtration
(FeCl3)
Data source:
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant: V
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Textile mills
Woven fabric finishing
3-89, pp. 70-74
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Pretreatment/treatment None(a)/Chem. Ppt.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosage (s): 16 mg/L (FeCl3)
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time:
Unspecified
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Filtration rate (hydraulic loading):
Unspecified
Backwash rate: Unspecified
Bed depth: Unspecified
Media (top to bottom): Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samollna: 2U-hr composite
Pol lutant/oa rameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
Alum! num
Barium
Boron
Ca 1C I urn
Cobalt
1 ron
Magnes ium
Manganese
Molybdenum
Sod ium
Phosphorus
SI 1 icon
Stront Ium
Tin
T I tan ium
Vanad ium
Pheno 1
Ammon I a
Nitrate
COD
TSS
PH
Toxic pollutants, \ig/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Be ry 1 1 i urn
Cadm 1 um
Chromium
Coppe r
Cyan ide
Lead
Nickel
Si Iver
Zinc
Mercury
Se len ium
Tha 1 1 ium
Bi s(2-ethy 1 hexy 1 ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Anthracene
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Methylene chloride
Toluene
T r ich 1 o roe thy 1 ene
1 , 1 -D i ch to roe thane
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
Ch 1 orof orm
Trans- 1 , 2-Dtchloroethylene
Blanks indicate data not avail!
Conci
Inf luentl
0. 13
0.01
0.73
5.1
<0.006
0.21
2.2
0.08
4.0
2>4
75
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM 0.014
5 0.02
50 0.01
NM 0.03
>42 0.14
0 0. 1
NM 0.5
NM 3.0
NM 0.2
NM 0.2
NM 5.0
NM 2.0
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
(ajlnfluent is taken from final treatment effluent and is then run through
pi lot process.
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.3-111
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
(Sodium sulfhydrate)
Data source:
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: 299
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Inorganic chemicals manufacturing
Chlor-alkali (mercury cell)
3-138, pp. 155-189, 3-142
Data source status
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal./Chem. ppt. (NaSH»nH20), filter
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 1.6 m3/KKg Type of sedimentation: Unspecified
chlorine Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Chemical dosages(s): NaSH»nH20 Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Flocculation Detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: 850 m3 (30,000 ft3) tank
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 24-hr composite
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.4)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration Percent Detection
Influent Effluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 91
pH (units) 12
18
7.3
Blanks indicate data not available
BDL, below detection limit
NM, not meaningful
80
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
520
240
BDL
11
65
320
58
5,900
<50
BDL
BDL
190
290
150
62
BDL
73
60
38
<50
200
<50
BDL
BDL
200
100
71
74
NM
NM
8
88
>14
97
NM
NM
NM
NM
66
10
10
15
1
25
20
10
0.5
25
10
15
2
1
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.3-112
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
(Sodium sulfide)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Inorganic chemicals manufacturing Not specified
Subcategory: Chlor-alkali (mercury cell) Bench scale
Plant: 747 Pilot scale
References: 3-138, pp. 157-189, 3-142 Full scale x_
Pretreatment/treatment: Electrodialysis/Chem. ppt. Na2S
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 132,000 L/day Filtration rate (hydraulic loading):
(35,000 gal/day) Unspecified
Chemical dosage(s): Unspecified Backwash rate: Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified Bed depth: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Media (top to bottom): Unspecified
Unspecified Unit configuration: Unspecified
pH: 5-7
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Grab Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.4)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent Effluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 700 60 91
pH (units) 6.6 6.6
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
230
BDL
BDL
57
210
980
320
19,000
140
BDL
110
<45
1,800
<250
BDL
BDL
120
<50
<25
<73
100
<50
BDL
BDL
<45
<25
NM
NM
NM
NM
>76
>98
>77
99
>64
NM
93*
NM
>99
10
10
15
1
25
20
10
0.5
25
10
15
2
1
Blanks indicate data not available
BDL, below detection limit
NM, not meaningful
^approximate value
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 III.3.1.3-113
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
(Sodium sulfhydrate)
Data source:
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant: 967
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Inorganic chemicals
Chlorine diaphragm cell
3-138, pp. 200, 210, 3-142
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Pretreatment/treatment: Sed., filter/Chem. ppt. (NaSH»nH20)
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 380 L/min
(100 gpm)
Chemical dosage(s): Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time:
Unspecified
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Filtration rate (hydraulic loading):
Unspecified
Backwash rate: Unspecified
Bed depth: Unspecified
Media (top to bottom): Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 24-hr composite and grab
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.4)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 860
Phenol <0.005
pH (units) 10
54
<0.008
13
94
NM
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
Cyanide
<620
<220
<19
<24
120
2,800
530,000
22
<220
35
<26
<50
1,300
<20
<50
360
<15
<14
<50
30
29,000
<50
<50
<10
<15
150
<100
<20
NM
NM
NM
NM
>58
99
95
NM
NM
>71
NM
NM
>92
NM
10
10
15
1
25
20
10
0.5
25
10
15
2
1
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.3-114
-------
The chemical reducing agent dosages will vary with the specific
waste as a result of the reducing potential or other charac-
teristics of the chemicals, and therefore/ the dosages should be
determined experimentally.
Performance
A study of an operational waste treatment facility that chem-
ically reduces hexavalent chromium has shown that 99.7% reduction
efficiency is easily achieved [3-12]. Final concentrations of
0.05 mg/L are readily attained, and concentrations of 0.01 mg/L
are considered to be attainable by properly maintained and oper-
ated equipment.
Performance data on the use of chemical reduction are included in
the following data sheets:
- Metal Finishing,
- Aluminum Forming,
- Electrical and Electronic Components, and
- Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing.
References
3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 3-12, 3-16, 3-27, 3-36, 3-44.
Date: 9/25/81 III.3.1.4-7
-------
o
03
ft
ro
oo
OJ
po
o
OQ
K3
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL REDUCTION
oo
(U
Po 1 lutant Pi lot
Classical pollutants, tng/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TOG
TDS
Total phenols
Oil and grease
Fluoride
Aluminum
Manganese
Vanad ium
Barium
1 ron
Tin
Titanium
Boron
Yttrium
Ca lei urn
Magnesium
Sod i um
Molybdenum
Coba 1 1
Suspended sol ids
Tel lur ium
Platinum
Gold
Pa 1 lad ium
Rhod ium
1 rid ium
Osmium
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L:
Antimony
Arsen ic
Be ry 1 1 i um
Cadmium
Ch rom i um
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se ten i um
Si Iver
Data ooints
sea le Ful 1 sea 1
1
1
6
2
4
3
6
6
2
2
2
2
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
5
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
6
8
7
5
8
2
6
2
3
Effluent concentration
e Ranqe
1.9
9.7
2,800
ND
BDL
0.43
0.073
0.02
0.01
0.005
0.046
ND
<0.002
0.014
0.02
5.8
1 .2
80
0. 12
0.005
<0.005
<0.002
0.032
0.01
3.7
4
99
- >99
- 48
- 56
- 86
- 64
- >99
- 99
- 40
- >99
- >99
- 77
Med ian
NM
NM
88
25
NM
>99
44
42
99
26
7
86
91
68
50
NM
24
NM
66
NM
NM
86
NM
NM
>I7
43
71
78
NM
>99
NM
33
0
14
75
89*
12
74
NM
94*
NM
60
-------
r
r
o
fa
N>
is
00
LO
O
ET
00
IB
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR CHEMICAL REDUCTION
(Continued)
M
M
OJ
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale Full
Tha 1 1 i urn ;
Z i nc £
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate i
Di ethyl phthalate 2
Benzene
Toluene
Anthracene
Naphtha lene
Phenanthrene
Methylene chloride r
Chloroform i
Carbon tetrachloride
1 , 1 , l-Trichloroethane i
Trichloroethylene i
Effluent concentration
scale Ranqe Median
? 99 90
NM
NM
NM
25
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
NM
75
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*App rox i ma te vaIue.
I
oo
cr
-------
G
rt
(D
N>
00
UJ
O
3
ro
N3
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION
I
00
Data points Effluent concentration
Po 1 lutant P
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TOC
Tota 1 phosphorus
Tota 1 pheno 1 s
Oil and grease
Fluoride
Aluminum
Manganese
Varrad i urn
Ba r i urn
1 ron
Tin
Ti tan ium
Boron
Ca Ic i urn
Magnes ium
Sod ium
Molybdenum
Coba 1 t
Ni t rates
Suspended so 1 ids
Yttrium
Pa 1 1 a d i urn
Te 1 1 ur ium
Plat i num
Gold
Si 1 icon
Stront ium
Hexavalent chromium
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Beryl 1 i urn
Cadm i urn
Chromi urn
Copper
Cyan ide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se 1 en ium
Si 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 i urn
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethy 1 phtha late
Dimethyl phthalate
lot scale Full scale Ranqe
I
2 22
6 2.5
3 1 1
2 <0.07
2 3 0.013
8 0.3
2 7. 1
2
2
2
2
2 t
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
t
0.40
0.007
<0.002
0.02
J 0.23
0.02
<0.002
0.06
5.7
3.7
130
<5.3
2 1.3
2 0.07
1
224
2 4 BDL
2 1 <0.04
2 4 BDL
2817
2 8 0 -
26 -
0 -
44 -
1 1 -
16 -
0 -
68
97
78
>75
26
98
98
84
78
>99
77
16
7
>99
7
81
92
99
99
>60
>99
99
98
91*
>99
Med ian
NM
65
61
50
>45
17
89
95
89
42
>67
0
98
14
33
39
NM
2
3.5
NM
0
96
>97
99
NM
NM
NM
NM
3.5
0
NM
66
64
NM
>99
92
>79
>43
>50
70
-69
NM
10
NM
83
84
93
>50
NM
>99
J
-------
o
03
ISJ
00
U)
50
n
B)
3
OQ
n
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
SUMMARY FOR COAGULATION
(Continued)
AND FLOCCULATION
Ln
I
Pol lutant
Di-n-octyl phthalate
2-Ch loropheno 1
Pentach 1 oropheno 1
Phenol
2,U,6-Tr ich lorophenol
Benzene
1 , 2- Di chlorobenzene
1 , 3-D i chlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
1 , 2, U-Tri chlorobenzene
Acenaphthene
Anthracene
Fl uoranthene
Fl uorene
Naphtha lene
Pyrene
Aroclor 1016
A roc lor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor I2U2
Aroclor I2U8
Aroclor I25<4
Aroclor 1260
Chlorod ibrornomethane
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Tetrachlo roe thy lene
a 1 pha-BHC
beta-BHC
4, 4'-DDE
U, U'-DDT
Heptachlor
Data
Pi lot sea le
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
po i nts
Ful 1 sea le
2
1
I
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
Effluent concentrat
Range Med
ND - ND
BDL - 3
ND - BDL
BDL - 13
BDL - 1.3 0
BDL - 14
0
25 - U8
70 - <630
BDL - 5
ion
ian
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
6.5
ND
.65
1
150
ND
.01
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
36
100
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Removal efficiency, %
Range Median
>99
NM
NM
91
NM
>99
99*
>99
98*
55 - 93 74
91
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
75*
35
56 - 90 75
38
91*
NM
NM
76*
6U*
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Coagulation and Flocculation With Sedimentation
(Lime, Coagulant Aids)
Data source:
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant: C
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Iron and steel
Combination acid
3-9, pp. 256-257, 294, 299
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal./Coag. Floe., Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Wastewater flow rate: 0.378 L/s
Chemical dosage: Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Batch operation
Clarifier detention time: Un-
specified
Hydraulic loading rate: Un-
specified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Media: Not applicable
Bed depth: Not applicable
Backwash: Not applicable
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Unspecified
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.5)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 110 31
Oil and grease 5 0.3
Fluoride 1,700,000 130,000
Iron (dissolved) 220,000 8,500
Nitrates 39,000 48,000
NM, not meaningful.
71
94
92
96
NM
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Chromium
Nickel (dissolved)
Copper
Zinc
140,000
240,000
6,300
870
1,300
2,500
80
35
99
99
99
96
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.5-10
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Coagulation and Flocculation With Sedimentation
or Filtration (Lime, Polymer)
Data source.:
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant: 087
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Iron and steel
Hot forming
3-8, pp. 153,172,216
Pretreatment/treatment: Sed./Coag. Floe.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 1750 L/s
Chemical dosage: Unspecified
Mix detention time: Unspecified
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Continuous operation,
clarification of overflow, filtration
of underflow
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Clarifier detention time: Un-
specified
Hydraulic loading rate: Un-
specified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Media: Unspecified
Bed depth: Unspecified
Backwash: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 24-hour composite and grab Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.5)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
Oil and grease
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
66
5
240
65
800
500
250
38
4
43
31
210
42
20
82
52
16
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.5-11
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Coagulation and Flocculation With Sedimentation
(Lime)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Iron and steel Not specified
Subcategory: Hydrochloric acid Bench scale
Plant: 093 Pilot scale ^^
References: 3-9, pp. 261, 283-284 Full scale x
Pretreatment/treatment; Neutral./Chem.Ppt.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 17.4 L/S Type of sedimentation: Clarifier
Chemical dosages(s): Unspecified Hydraulic loading rate: Unspeci-
Mix detention time: Unsepcified fied
Flocculation detention time: Un- Hydraulic detention time: Un-
specified specified
Unit configuration: Continuous Weir loading rate: Unspecified
operation
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Unspecified Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.5)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent Effluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 490 43 91
Oil and grease 250 5.5 98
Dissolved iron 3,500 5.1 >99
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Chloroform
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Zinc
<10
45
<10
790
690
430
480
27
1,500
<10
<10
20
75
170
580
270
90
250
NM
78
NM
91
75
NM
44
NM
83
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.5-12
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY:
Coagulation and Flocculation with Sedimentation
(Lime)
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Iron and steel
Subcategory: Hot coating
Plant: 118
References: 3-137, pp. 461, 484, 502, 3-141
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Coag. floe.,
vac. filt., neut., thick.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 103 L/S, design Thickener
1860 gpm
Chemical dosage: Quicklime 910 Kg/hr Coagulant
(2,000 Ib/hr) diam.
Mix detention time: Unspecified Pumping:
Flocculation detention time: Unspecified
Unit configuration: (3) 3.4m (11 ft.)
diam. by 4.6m (15 ft.) deep reaction tanks
Polymer dispenser: 0.014m3 (0.5 ft3) capacity
Lime system: (2) lime splitter boxes
: 18m (60 ft.) diam.
by 4.6m (15 ft.) depth
aid feeder: 1.5m (5 ft.)
by 1.7m (5.5) ft. depth
(4) raw waste 49 1/s
(@780 gpm)
(2) lime slurry 3.2 1/s
(@50 gpm)
(2) sludge, diaphragm
(1) Nash vacuum 17m3/min
(@600 ft3min)
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 24-hr composite and grab
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.51
Pol 1 utant/Darameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
Oil and grease
Hexavalent chromium
pH (units)
Tota 1 i ron
Dissolved iron
Toxic pollutants, (ig/L:
Arsenic
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl Jphtha late
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Benzene
1 , 3-Dich lorobenzene
F luoranthene
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Tetrachloroethylene
Concentrat
Influent
74
U6
0.003
2.4
10
9.0
21
2,900
120
19
<60
<50
<250
82,000
31
41
31
57
19
14
150
15
74
2,500
8
ion
Effluent
37
5
0.08
8.8
it
90
<40
14
<60
2,600
<250
6,700
5
3
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
48
5
Percent Detection
remova I limit
50
89
NM
81
97
>67
26
NM
NM
NM
92
84
93
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
35
38
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.5-19
-------
-------
Typical operating flow rates for various media types are as
follows [3-31]:
Type filter L/m2/min gal/ft2-min
Slow sand 2 to 4 0.05 to 0.10
Rapid sand 40 to 50 1.0 to 1.2
High rate dual media 80 to 400 2.0 to 10
A filter bed can function properly only if the backwashing system
effectively cleans the material collected within the filter.
Typical backwash (water only) rates are [3-37]:
Minimum Backwash
Type filter L/sec/m2 gpm/ft2
Single-medium 30 to 34 45 to 50
Dual-media 14 to 20 20 to 30
For dual- or multi-layered filters, the backwash rate should be
at least 10 L/sec/m2 (15 gpm/ft2) and backwash time should be at
least 7 minutes. A commonly utilized backwash design value is 14
L/m ft2 (20 gpm/ft2) with duration between 5 and 15 minutes
[3-37].
Performance
Subsequent data sheets provide performance data from the follow-
ing industries and/or waste streams:
- Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing,
- Iron and Steel Manufacturing,
- Coil Coating,
- Foundries,
- Ore Mining and Dressing,
- Copper,
- Organic Wastes,
- Electrical and Electronic Components,
- Paint and Ink Formulation,
- Auto and Other Laundries,
- Petroleum Refining,
- Pulp and Paper Mills, and
- Textile Mills.
References
3-3, 3-12, 3-18, 3-25, 3-26, 3-27, 3-31, 3-37.
Date: 9/25/81 111.3,1.9-7
-------
o
CD
ho
->
00
w
Pd
n
ET
K3
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR FILTRATION
I
oo
Data points
Pol lutant
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TOC
Total phosphorus
Total phenols
Oil and grease
Fluoride
Al umi num
Manganese
Vanad ium
Ba r i um
1 ron
Tin
Titanium
TS
TDS
Sulf ides
Ca 1 c i um
Magnes ium
Sod i um
Mo lybdenum
Coba 1 1
Boron
S i 1 icon
Ammon ia
Nitrate
Stront ium
Te 1 1 ur i um
Ammonia nitrogen
Nitrate nitrogen
Yttrium
Plat inum
Gold
TVS
Nickel
Phosphate phosphorus
Hexa va lent ch rom i um
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Asbestos, total (fibers/L)
Asbestos, chrysotile
(fibers/L)
3i lot sea le
5
14
19
9
8
12
6
8
8
8
8
8
6
8
2
8
8
7
8
8
8
8
5
5
8
2
16
16
8
3
Effluent concentration
Ful 1 sea le Range
6
6
20
7
4
10
12
3
4
6
1
3
5
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
6
2
1
5.3
29
99
- 48
- 75
- >99
- 49
- 82
- 67
- >98
- 63
- 99
- 88
- 67
- >99
- 92
- 56
- 99
- 94
- 98
- 62
- 6
- 0
- 70
- 33
- 16
- 99
- 52
- 0
- 92*
- >99
- >99
- >99
iency. %
Med fan
21
24
78
14
52
21
38
32
34
20
8
8
24
3
45
45
36
>50
8
0
0
0
30
0
2
30
8
0
NM
17
1 1
>50
NM
NM
37
NM
14
0
22
55
>99
>99
-------
o
pi
-P-
oo
n
D*
Co
3
OQ
fD
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR FILTRATION
(Cont inued)
M
M
M
Pol lutant
Be ry 1 1 i urn
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se len i urn
Si 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 ium
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Xy lene
N-n i trosod iphenylamine
N-n i trosod i-n-propylamine
2-Ch loropheno 1
2,4-Dich loropheno 1
2,4-Dimethylphenol
Pentach 1 oropheno 1
Pheno 1
2, 4,6-T rich loropheno 1
p-ch loro-m-cresol
Benzene
Ch 1 orobenzene
1 ,2-Dich 1 orobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Ni trobenzene
To 1 uene
1,2, 4-Tr ichl orobenzene
Acenaphthene
Acenaph thy lene
Anthracene
Benzo( a )anthracene
Benzofa )pyrene
Benzoj kjf luoranthene
Fl uoranthene
Fl uorene
Naphtha lene
Data
Pi lot sea le
14
17
18
24
13
24
8
18
10
17
1 1
25
10
3
8
2
1
2
3
1
2
6
3
4
2
3
8
10
1
5
2
1
2
1
po ints
Fu 1 1 sea le
4
12
15
15
9
17
6
12
5
1 1
4
17
1 1
5
10
6
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
7
1
4
1
2
1
9
2
2
1
4
1
2
1
6
Effluent
Range
<0.04 -
ND -
<4 -
<4 -
2 -
BDL -
0. 1 -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
0. 1 -
16 -
BDL -
ND -
0.43 -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
0. 1 -
0.5 -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
0.2 -
0.05 -
0.05 -
ND -
concentrat
Med
99
22
29
44
33
0
73
0
20
83
Ranqe
- 71
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- 86
- >99
- 10
- 91*
- >99
- 98
- >99
- 96
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- 55
- >99
- >99
- >99
- 70
- 50
- >99
iciencv. %
Med ian
45
>69
31
43
40
62
21
19
0
18
NM
51
68
76
1 I
>80
>99
64
75
>99
>99
0
>83
NM
>99
32
80
NM
41
98
50
89*
>99
67
NM
86
NM
50
NM
NM
NM
29
NM
>9 1
-------
o
01
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR FILTRATION
(Continued)
00
n
D
99
94
99
170
2.4 40 - 76*
44
ND
BDL
19 5 - >99
9.4
1.2 0 - >99
55 86 - >99
1, 100
0.4 0 - >99
2.9
ND
4
55
BDL
24
BDL
BDL
iency. 1
Median
0
67
5
58
16
20
16
20
16
20
16
93
37
NM
50
NM
>50
NM
57
NM
>99
NM
46
NM
40
96
NM
43
NM
>99
77
21
64*
37
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Filtration
Data source: Government report Data source status:
Point source: Organic and inorganic wastes Not specified
Subcategory: Unspecified Bench scale
Plant: Reichhold Chemical, Inc. Pilot scale
References: 3-125, p. 57 Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal., Neutral., Sed. (clarifier)/
Act. Si., Oxidation Column, Sed. (clarifier), Filtration (sand)
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Diameter - 50.8 mm
Media (top to bottom): Sand
Bed depth - total: 0.61 m
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Filtration rate (hydraulic loading): 1 x 10s m3/min/m2
Backwash: 3 times in ten-day operating period.
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 24-hr composite Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.35)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration(a )
Influent Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutant, mg/L:
COD 850 700 18
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Average of seven samples.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.9-31
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Filtration
Effluent Guidelines
Paint manufacturing
Unspecified
Data source:
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: 17
References: 3-20, pp. VI-10-11, Appendix G
Pretreatment/treatment: Coag. Floe, (lime),
Neutral./Filter
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Media (top and bottom): Unspecified
Bed depth - total: Unspecified
Wastewater flow rate: 0.044-0.263 L/s
Filtration rate (hydraulic loading): Unspecified
Backwash rate: Unspecified
Data source status
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Sampling: Composite and qrab
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
Tota 1 so 1 t ds
TDS
TVS
Ca 1 c i um
Magnes i um
Sod i um
Aluminum
Ban' um
Coba 1 t
1 ron
Manganese
Mo lybdenum
Tin
T i tan i um
Toxic pollutants, Mg/L:
Ant imony
Be ry i 1 i um
Cadmi um
Chromi um
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
S i 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 ium
Zinc
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Benzene
N i t robenzene
T o 1 uene
Naptha lene
Carbon tetrachlor ide
Chloroform
, 1 -Dichloroethane
,2-Dichloroethane
,2-Trans-dichloroethylene
lethylene chloride
e t rach lo roe thy 1 ene
, 1, l-Trichloroethane
, 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
Tr ichloroethylene
REMOVAL
Concent
Influent
6 , 1)00
29,000
7, loo
1 5 , 000
1 , OOO
0.35
22,0(10
7 , 700
12,000
1,500
61
< 1 '10
57
Ml
<0. 13
120
1 . 7
0. 16
0. 16
8
<20
<8
<23
130
530
<20
99
>99
>99
>99
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
>99
>99
>99
NM
>99
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
(a) Average of several samples.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.9-32
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Filtration
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Woven and knit fabric finishing
Plant: See below
References: 3-68, pp. VII-62, 66-69
Pretreatment/treatment: Screen., Equal., Act. Si.
specified)/Filter (multimedia)
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
(unless otherwise
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Downflow multimedia filter
Media (top to bottom): Anthracite, sand, gravel
Bed depth - total: 1,000 mm
Wastewater flow rate: See below
Filtration rate (hydraulic loading): See below
Backwash rate: Unspecified
Bed depth: Anthracite:
300 mm; sand: 300 mm.
gravel: 400 mm
Effective size of media:
Anthracite: 0.9-1.5
mm; sand: 0.4-0.8 mm;
gravel: 6-16 mm
REMOVAL DATA
Samp 1
Plant
D(a)
P(b)
Q(c)
Q(d)
inq: Unspecified
BODS
Concentration. mq/L
Influent Effluent
24
12
10
8.2
19
15
7
4
Percent
remova I
21
NM
30
51
Ana lysis:
Concent rat
I nf I uent
810
100
340
270
Data set 1
COD
ion. mq/L
Effluent
630
110
260
200
(V.7.3.32)
Percent
remova 1
23
NM
24
26
TOG
TSS
Concentration. mg/L
Influent Effluent
D(a)
P(b)
Q(c)
Q(d)
180
30
18
27
160
25
18
22
Percent
remova I
11
17
0
19
Concentration. mq/L
Influent Effluent
290
70
77
46
85
16
28
4.2
Percent
remova 1
71
77
64
91
NM, 'not meaningful.
(a)FiItration rate: 0.18 cu.m/min/sq.m; wastewater flow: 0.017 cu.m/min;
neutralization was used in pretreatment of influent in Iieu of
equaIizat ion.
(b)FiItration rate: 0.1-0.3 cu.m/min/sq.m; wastewater flow:
0.01-0.03 cu.m/min; neutralization was also included in pretreat-
ment of effluent.
(c)FiItration rate: 0.1 cu.m/min/sq.m, wastewater flow: 0.0095 cu.m/min.
(d)FiItration rate: 0.08 cu.m/min/sq.m; wastewater flow: 0.0076 cu.m/min.
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.9-53
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Filtration
Data source :
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant: 261
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Inorganic chemicals manufacturing
Chlor-Alkali (diaphragm cell)
3-138, pp. 206-240, 3-142
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Filter
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Settling lagoons
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Grab
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.4)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 4800
p'H (units) 11
9
9.8
Blanks indicate data not available
BDL, below detection limit
NM, not meaningful
MF/L, million fibers per liter
^approximate value
>99
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Total asbestos fibers
MF/L
Chrysotile fibers,
MF/L
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
/
210,000,000
210,000,000
<250
170
BDL
37
1,900
17,000
2,000
8
22,000
BDL
18
<100
1,500
1600
1600
250
120
BDL
4
<50
<25
75
8
<50
BDL
BDL
<100
<25
>99
>99
NM
29
NM
89
>97
>99
96
0
>99
NM
58*
NM
>98
0.04
0.04
10
10
15
1
25
20
10
0.5
25
10
15
2
1
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.9-54
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Filtration
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Iron and steel
Subcategory: Hot coating
Plant: 116
References: 3-137, pp. 461, 484,
Pretreatment/treatment: Thick.,
lagoon
, 501, 3-141
filter/filter.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Process modification: Deep bed pressure filtration
Media (top to bottom): Sand
Bed depth - total: Unspecified
Wastewater flow rate: 2230 L/m (5900 gpm)
Filtration rate (hydraulic loading): 3.4 L/s/m2 (5 gpm/ft2)
Media size: 1-2 mm
Filter type: HDS
Backwash rate: Un-
specified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 24-hr composite and
Pol lutant/pa rameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
Oil and grease
Hexavalent chromium
pH (units)
Tota 1 i ron
Dissolved iron
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Zinc
Bi s(2-ethylhexyl ) phtha late
Butyl benzyl phtha late
Di-n-butyl phtha late
Diethyl phtha late
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Tet rach 1 o roe thy 1 ene
grab
Concentration
Ana lysi
Influent Effluent
130
16
0.002 0.
3.0
97
78
100
190
6
190
90
<20
15,000
53
10
20
6
7
18
5
<1
4
003
7.5
<30
10
2
50
20
<20
130
<10
ND
<10
ND
<10
6
ND
is: Data set 2 (V.7.3.5)
Percent Detection
remova 1 limit
>99
75
NM
>70
95
67
74
78
NM
99
>81
>99
>50
>99
NM
67
>99
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.9-55
-------
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Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2
-------
-------
o
rt
m
00
n
cr
BJ
0
ere
(D
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR FLOTATION
(Cont inued)
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale Full
Fl uorene
Effluent concentration
scale Ranqe Median
14
Naphthalene 9 ND - 840 96
Remova
1 efficiency. %
Ranqe
33 -
>99
Pyrene 2 0.3-18 9.2
Anthracene/phenanthrene 5 0.2 - 600 10
2-Chloronaphtha lene
Methyl chloride
17
30
Methylene chloride 5 2 - 6,000 22
1 , 1, l-Trichlorbethane 4 ND - 860 10
1 ,2-Dichloropropane
930
45 -
0 -
22 -
>98
84
>99
Trichloroethylene 2 6-30 18
Tetrachloroethylene 6 ND - 1,000 170
T r i ch 1 o rof 1 uo rome tha ne
Ac ro 1 e i n
1 sophorone
A roc lor 1016
Aroclor 1242
ND
360
ND
7.9
0.5
0 -
>99
Med ian
NM
77
0
81
0
NM
34
65
NM
86
94
>99
NM
>99
NM
0
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
o
i
i
cr
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Flotation With Cationic Polymer
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Textile mills .
Subcategory.- Woven fabric finishing
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-24, pp. 283,284
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal., Grit Removal, Screen., Chem. Ppt./Flotation"
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Process type: Dissolved air flotation
Wastewater flow rate: 1,730 m3/day
Chemical dosage(s): Unspecified
pH in flotation chamber: Unspecified
Detention time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspeci-
fied
Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Gas-to-solids ratio: Unspecified
Pressure: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sample: Average of two 24-hr
Pol lutant/oarameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
Total phenol
Toxic pollutants, M9/L:
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Tha II i urn
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl )pntha late
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Pentach 1 o ropheno 1
Phenol
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
Naphthalene
Methyl chloride
1,1, 1-Trichloroethane
samples
Ana I ys !
Concentration
Influent
400
1,000
200
0.092
320
14
28
T
25
570
13
37
94
18
460
320
250
26
11
Effluent
<200
720
32
0.026
81
ND
32
14
T
45
ND
30
26
12
160
130
ND
30
T
s: Data set 1 (V.7.3.32)
Percent Detection
remova I limit
>50
28
84
72
75
>99
NM
NM
NM
92
>99
19
72
33
65
59
>99
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
T, trace; assumed to be <10 ug/L
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.10-3
-------
resins, chrome and zinc can be recovered and recycled back to the
cooling towers eliminating a large percent of the make-up chrome
and zinc solutions. Another advantage of ion exchange is the
elimination of voluminuous metal sludges formed in the precipita-
tion technique commonly employed for chrome-and-zinc removal in
cooling tower blowdown.
References
3-4, 3-5, 3-12, 3-29, 3-31, 3-36, 3-37.
Date: 9/25/81 III.3.1.12-7
-------
o
(to
NJ
*-
00
OJ
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Ni
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ION EXCHANGE
Data pointsEffluent concentrationRemoval efficiency. %
Pol lutant Pilot scale Ful I sea le Ranqe Med ian Ranqe Median
M Classical pollutants, mg/L:
£ Molybdenum I 1,300 94
Radium, total (pCi/L) I 7.2 99
"> Radium, dissolved (pCi/L) I 99
i'
{^ Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
i Chromium I 490 96
oo
-------
OO
n
y
CD
3
00
ID
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR NEUTRALIZATION
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 1
Oi 1 and grease 1
F 1 uo r i de 1
1 ron 1
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Chromium 1
Copper 1
Nickel 1
Z i nc 1
Effluent concentration
Range Median
12
1
12
0.02
HO
30
20
30
Removal efficiency. %
Range Median
NM
67
98
>99
>99
98
>99
99
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Neutralization
Data source:
Point source;
Subcategory:
Plant: U
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Iron and steel
Combination acid
3-9, pp. 259,294,315
Data source status:
Mot specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal./Neutral.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration:
Chemical dosage(s):
pH: Unspecified
Three tanks in series
Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 24-hour composite and grab Analysis; Data set 1 (V.7.3.5)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 4
Oil and grease 3
Iron (dissolved) 1,000
Fluoride 500
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Chromium 150,000
Copper 1,400
Nickel 70,000
Zinc 5,600
12 NM
1 67
0.020 >99
12 98
40
30
20
30
>99
98
>99
99
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.13-8
-------
G
IT
n>
ro
c-
co
UJ
n
3
00
0)
N3
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR OIL SEPARATION
p-
I
Data points
Pollutant Pilot sea
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TOC
Suspended sol ids
Total phenols
Oi 1 and grease
Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Si Iver
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
2-Chlorophenol
Phenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Benzene
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 3-Dichlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
Xy I ene
Acenaphthene
Anthracene
Benzo( a )anthracene
Benzoj a jpyrene
Benzoj b)f luoranthene
Chrysene
Fl uorene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Aroclor 1016
A roc lor 1221
Aroclor 1232
Aroclor 1242
Aroclor 1248
Aroclor 1254
le Ful 1 sea le
1
2
2
3
2
4
4
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
1
1
4
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
Effluent concentration Removal effici
Ranqe
830 -
6 -
2 -
12 -
0.02 -
1 1 -
BDL -
BDL -
9 -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
nn .
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
2,500
300
850
46
1.6
1,400
31
200
240
450
13
600
2'
500
680
130
820
BDL
BDL
BDL
8
6
8
6
8
6
Median Ranqe
2
1,700 87 - 99
150
260 91-99
29 98 - 98
0. 13 0 - 43
70 21-99
290
BDL
5
20 82 - >98
20 93 - 99*
BDL
30 97* - 99
1 . 1
40
76
250
170 94* - >97
87 91-96
49
65
ND
410
ND
BDL
ND
ND
BDL
BDL
97
90
96
13
98
80
>96
NM
NM
96
94
96
92
>99
>99
>99
NM
>99
>99
83*
83*
>I7
>99
>99
>9
>23
>9
>9
>99
>99
>99
98
97
98
97
98
97
-------
a
Pi
00
U>
n
D4
01
3
OQ
(D
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR OIL SEPARATION
(Cont inued)
Pol lutant Pi lot
Aroclor 1260
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
1, l-Dichloroethane
Methylene chloride
Tetrachloroethy lene
1,1, l-Trichloroethane
a Ipha-BHC
beta-BHC
U,U'-DDE
a Ipha-Endosul fan
Endrin a Idehyde
Data points
sea le Ful 1 sea le
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
Effluent concentration Removal efficiency. %
Ranqe
BDL -
20 -
330 -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
BDL -
8
67
630
71
BDL
BDL
BDL
Median Ranqe
5.2
43
66
93
180
IU 13 - >99
190
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
ND
Med ian
98
NM
NM
NM
>I7
30
NM
86*
NM
NM
>99
>99
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
I
00
-------
organic solvent should not affect the resins, and, in this case,
lifetimes will be limited by slow fouling or oxidation resulting
in a loss of capacity. Actual experience indicates that life-
times of more than five years are obtainable.
Representative Types and Modifications
The chemical nature of the various commercially available resins
can be quite different; perhaps the most important variable in
this respect is the degree of their hydrophilicity. The adsorp-
tion of a nonpolar molecule onto a hydrophobic resin (e.g., a
styrene-divinyl, benzene-based resin) results primarily from the
effect of Van der Waal's forces (natural aggregating forces). In
other cases, interactions such as dipole-dipole interaction and
hydrogen bonding are also important. In a few cases, an ion
exchange mechanism may be involved. This is thought to be true,
for example, in the adsorption of alkylbenzene sulfonates from
aqueous solution onto weakly basic resins (e.g., a phenol-
formaldehyde-amine based resin).
Another modification is the choice of solvent to be used for re-
generation of the resin bed. Most commonly, regeneration is
performed in situ with basic, acidic, and salt solutions or
regenerable nonaqueous solvents. Basic solutions may be used for
the removal of weakly acidic solutes and acidic solutions for the
removal of weakly basic solutes; hot water or steam may be used
for volatile solutes; methanol and acetone are often used for the
removal of nonionic organic solutes. A prerinse and/or a post-
rinse with water will be required in some cases. As a rule,
about three bed volumes (a "bed volume" is the volume of liquid
required to fill a resin bed) of regenerant will be required for
resin regeneration; as little as one-and-a-half bed volumes may
suffice in certain applications.
Technology Status
Relatively little information is available on the few systems
that are currently in operation. Thus there are areas of un-
certainty concerning practicality, start-up problems, and real-
istic operating costs.
Applications
Little published information exists on current or proposed indus-
trial applications of polymeric adsorption systems. Polymeric
adsorption does have potential application in the following
instances:
- For the treatment of highly colored wastes (when the color
is due to organic molecules),
- When material recovery is practical,
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.15-3
-------
- When selective adsorption is desired,
- When low leakage rates are required, and
- When carbon regeneration is not practical.
Several current applications of resin adsorption for which some
information is available are discussed below.
A dual resin adsorption system is being used to remove color
associated with metal complexes and other organics from a one
million liter per day (300,000 gpd) waste stream from a dyestuff
production plant. The system also removes copper and chromium
present in the influent waste stream both as salts and as organic
chelates [3-36].
Two large systems currently operating in Sweden and Japan remove
colored pollutants (derived from lignin) from paper mill bleach
plant effluents. The Swedish plant, which produces 272 Mg (300
tons) of pulp/day, uses the resin adsorption system and is re-
ported to remove 92 to 96% of the color, 80 to 90% of the chem-
ical oxygen demand (COD), and 40 to 60% of the 5-day biological
oxygen demand (BOD5) from the effluent of the caustic extraction
stage in the bleach plant. The system consists of three resin
columns, each containing about 20 cubic meters (700 cubic feet)
of resin. The system in Japan is for a 420 Mg/day (463 ton/day)
pulp plant and consists of four resin columns, each with about 30
cubic meters (1,060 cubic feet) of resin. In both cases, the
resins are regenerated with a caustic wash followed by reactiva-
tion with an acid stream (e.g., sulfuric acid) [3-36].
Some resin adsorption units in operation are used to remove color
in water supply systems; others are used to decolorize sugar,
glycerol, wines, milk whey, Pharmaceuticals, and similar products.
One plant in Louisiana, which removes color from an organic
product stream, is said to have been in operation for eight years
now without replacement of the initial resin charge [3-36].
Another plant in Indiana currently uses a resin system to recover
phenol from a waste stream. A dual resin system is currently
being installed at a coal liquefaction plant in West Virginia to
remove phenol and high molecular-weight polycyclic hydrocarbons
from a 38 liter/min (10 gpm) waste stream; methanol will be used
as the regenerant for the primary resin adsorbent. One resin
adsorption system, in operation for five years, is removing fat
from the wastewaters of a meat production plant.
Other applications include the recovery of antibiotics from a
fermentation broth, the removal of organics from brine, and the
removal of drugs from urine for subsequent analysis. Adsorbent
resins are also currently being used on a commercial scale for
screening out organic foulants prior to deionization in the
production of extremely high purity water [3-36].
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.15-4
-------
o
rt
(D
I'
to
00
CO
o
Bi
3
OQ
It
NJ
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR REVERSE OSMOSIS
ON
I
-j
Data points Effluent concentration
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Range
Classical pollutants, ing/L:
BOD(5)
COO
Tota 1 sol ids
Total phenols
Oil and grease
TOC
Volat Me sol ids
Di sso 1 ved sol ids
Ca Ic ium
1 ron
Magnes ium
Manganese
Sod i urn
Toxic pollutants, |ig/L:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Phenol
Benzene
To 1 uene
Anthracene
Acenaphthene
Fl uoranthene
Naphtha lene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Ch loroform
Methyl chloride
Methylene chloride
Trich loroethylene
6
6
5
6
1
5
4
4
5
3
5
2
4
6
6
6
7
7
4
6
6
6
1 1
6
1
6
3
3
2
5
4
6
2
1
1
2
5
1
5
2
1 -
15 -
45 -
50 -
1 1 -
9 -
0 -
31 -
25 -
20 -
18 -
50 -
77 -
57 -
75* -
99* -
0 -
0 -
93
93
96
81
94
89
92
96
74
99
79
93
37
>99
50
67
90
91
34
72
76
99
99*
>99*
>99*
80
99*
>99*
97*
>99*
93*
64
Med ian
86
89
81
>75
69
88
52
75
86
54
94
61
76
29
95
8
7
84
70
26
46
38
95
67
98*
91
41
80
65
12
98
94
86*
99*
99*
>99*
79
NM
20
17*
Blanks indicate data
BDL, below detection
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
not ava ilable.
I i m i t.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Reverse Osmosis
Data'source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Metal finishing Not specified
Subcategory: Copper plating Bench scale ^^
Plant: New England Plating Co. (Worchester, Mass) Pilot scale x
References: 3-96, pp. 60,65 Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Reverse Osmosis
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Product flow rate: 0.008 m3/min Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified Operating pressure: 1,240 kPa
Membrane type: Unspecified Operating temperature: 25°C
Unit configuration: Unspecified Percent conversion: 84
Total feed concentrate: 1.5 yg/L
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Average of 17 samples taken over
a 1,130-hr period for copper,
average of 9 samples taken in
the latter part of the 1,130-hr
period for cyanide Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.13)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent Effluent removal limit
Toxic pollutants, yg/L
Copper
Cyanide
,:
170,000
240,000
28,000
22,000
84
91
Blanks indicate data not available.
Date: 9/25/81 III.3.1.16-8
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Reverse Osmosis
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Dyeing and finishing
Plant: Lafranee Industries
References: 3-102, pp. 119,126,141
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter (250-y screen)/Reverse Osmosis
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Product flow rate: Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified
Membrane type: Selas Flotronics
Zr(IV)-PAA
Unit configuration: Eight externally coated 19-tube bundles in a series
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Unspecified
Operating pressure: 2,400-7,020 kPa
Operating temperature: 20-90°C
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Composite of several daily samples
taken in 1-week period
Analysis; Data set 3 (V.7.3.32)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD 5
COD
TOC
Calcium
Magnesium
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Zinc
20(a)
250(b)
160(d)
83(c)
30(d)
5.2(d)
4.4(d)
1,400
940(d)
2(a)
14(b)
15(d)
6(c)
5(d)
0.2(d)
0.26(d)
30
20(d)
90
94
91
93
83
96
94
98
98
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Only one sample.
(b)Average of five samples.
(c)Average of six samples.
(d)Analysis of a composite sample taken from the feeds that were used during
one cycle for the Selas module.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.16-9
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Reverse Osmosis
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Dyeing and finishing
Plant: Lafranee Industries
References: 3-102, pp. Ill, 124, 139-140
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Reverse Osmosis
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Product flow rate: Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified
Membrane type: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Unspecified
Operating pressure: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Composite of several daily samples
taken in 1-week period
Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.32)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD 5
COD
TOC
Total solids
Volatile solids
Dissolved solids
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Sodium
Toxic pollutants, mg/L:
Zinc
Influent
3599
99
99
98
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Average of two samples.
(b)Average of 13 samples.
(c)Average of six samples.
(d)Average of five samples.
(e)Average of eleven samples.
(f)Average of nine samples.
(g)Analysis of a composite sample taken from the feeds that were used during
one cycle for the ORNL module.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1
III.3.1.16-10
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Reverse Osmosis
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Dyeing and finishing
Plant: Lafranee Industries
References: 3-102, pp. 117, 126, 141
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter(a)/Reverse Osmosis
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Product flow rate: Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified
Membrane type: Gulf, cellulose
acetate
Unit configuration: Spiral-wound
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Unspecified
Operating pressure: 2,800 kPa
Operating temperature: 15-26 °C
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Composite of several daily samples
taken in 1-week period
Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.32)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD5
COD
TOC
Total solids
Volatile solids
Dissolved solids
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Manganese
Sodium
Toxic pollutants, pg/L:
Chromium
Copper
Zinc
Influent
10(e)
100(b)
160(e)
460(c)
35(e)
110(d)
670(e)
140(e)
660(e)
1.8(e)
3.1(e)
0.14(e)
0.14(e)
220(e)
300(e)
120(e)
l,000(c)
960(e)
l,200(c)
Effluent
l(e)
18(b)
25(e)
26(c)
5(e)
7(d)
45(e)
15(e)
50(e)
0.08(e)
0.02(e)
0.14(e)
0.03(e)
15(e)
100(e)
40(e)
71(c)
40(e)
22(c)
Percent Detection
removal limit
90
82
84
94
86
94
93
89
92
96
99
0
79
93
67
67
93
96
98
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)25 vi and 1 n cartridge filter when necessary.
(b)Average of four samples.
(c)Average of 13 samples.
(d)Average of 12 samples.
(e)Analysis of a composite sample taken from the feeds that were used during
one cycle for the Gulf module.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1
III.3.1.16-11
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Reverse Osmosis
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Dyeing and finishing
Plant: Lafranee Industries
References: 3-102, pp. 113,125,140
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter (25-y cartridge filter)/Reverse Osmosis
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Product flow rate: Unspecified Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified Operating pressure: 2,100-3,100 kPa
Membrane type: Westinghouse #4-291 Operating temperature: <32°C
Unit configuration: Tubular (18 in series)
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Composite of several daily samples
taken in 1-week period
Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.32)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD 5
COD
TOC
Total solids
Volatile solids
Dissolved solids
Calcium
Magnesium
Iron
Sodium
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Zinc
15(c)
320(a)
890(b)
150(c)
100(a)
140 (b)
660(c)
120(c)
640(c)
5.8(c)
2.4(c)
190(c)
14,000(a)
24,000(b)
6,000(c)
Kc)
19(a)
36(b)
200(c)
7(a)
9(b)
220(c)
75(c)
200(c)
0.88(c)
0.78(c)
l.l(c)
55(c)
230(a)
430(b)
820(c)
93
94
96
NM
93
94
67
38
69
37
87
54
71
98
98
86
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
(a)Average of three samples.
(b)Average of eight samples.
(c)Analysis of a composite sample taken from the feeds that were used during
one cycle of the Westinghouse module.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.16-12
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Reverse Osmosis
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Dyeing and finishing
Plant: Lafranee Industries
References: 3-102, pp. 115,125,140
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter(a)/Reverse Osmosis
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Product flow rate: Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified
Membrane type: Dupont #400600
Unit configuration: Hollow polyamide filter
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Unspecified
Operating pressure: 2,400 kPa
Operating temperature: 11-32°C
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Composite of several daily samples
taken in 1-week period
Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.32)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L;
BOD 5
COD
TOC
Total solids
Volatile solids
Dissolved solids
Calcium
Magnesium
Manganese
Sodium
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Zinc
15(d)
250(b)
47(c)
L,200(d)
160(d)
L,200(d)
72(d)
9(d)
0.07(d)
400(d)
3,600(d)
4,100
2(d)
10(d)
31(b)
6(c)
230(d)
65(d)
230(d)
0.42(d)
0.04(d)
75(d)
500(d)
180
87
91
88
87
81
59
81
86
95
43
81
86
96
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)25 vi and 1 y cartridge and diatomaceous earth filter when needed.
(b)Average of 14 samples.
(c)Average of 12 samples.
(d)Analysis of a composite sample taken from the feeds that were used
during one cycle for the Dupont module.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1
III.3.1.16-13
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Reverse Osmosis
Data source: Government report Data source status:
Point source: Textile mills Not specified
Subcategory: Dye wastewater Bench scale
Plant: Unspecified Pilot scale x~
References: 3-107, pp. 4-7 Full scale ^^
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Reverse Osmosis
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Product flow rate: Unspecified Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified Operating pressure: Unspecified
Membrane type: Polyetheramide
Unit configuration: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I ing; grab Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.32)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pol lutant/parameter Influent Effluent remova I limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
Total phenol 0.019 0.02 NM 0.001
Toxic pollutants, jig/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Pheno 1
Benzene
To 1 uene
Acenaphthene
Ch lonoform
Methyl chloride
190
35
22
540
480
520
220
82
7,200
4
1
55
0.2
2
10
3
19
5
130
15
20
760
46
400
200
68
360
31
0.8
45
0.7
0.4
11
0.8
31
45
32
57
9
NM
90
23
9
17
95
NM
20
18
NM
80
NM
73
NM
NM
10
2
2
4
4
22
36
5
1
0.04
0.02
0.03
0.07
0.2
0.1
0.04
5.0
0.4
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.16-14
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Reverse Osmosis
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Dye wastewater
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-107, pp. 4-7
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Reverse Osmosis
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Product flow rate.- Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified
Membrane type: Cellulose acetate
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate
Unspecified
Operating pressure: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samp Iinq:grab
Analysis: Data set I (V.7.3.32)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removaI
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
Total phenol
0.019
0.018
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
Detect ion
I i m i t
0.001
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Si 1 ve r
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Phenol
Benzene
To 1 uene
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Acenapthene
Anthracene
Naptha lene
190
35
22
540
480
520
220
82
7,200
4
0.2
2
10
19
5
55
1
3
0.6
0.8
120
97
NM
4
90
27
72
76
98
25
NM
50
NM
79
20
>99*
99*
99*
99*
>99*
10
2
2
4
4
22
36
5
1
0.04
0.07
0.2
0. 1
5.0
0.4
0.03
0.02
0.04
0.01
0.007
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.16-15
-------
o
fc
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR SEDIMENTATION
(Cont inued)
00
o
ET
0)
3
OQ
(D
oo
I
00
Data jao i nts
Pollutant Pilot scale
Lead 2
Mercury
Nickel 1
Se leni urn
S i 1 ve r 1
Tha 1 1 ium
Zi nc 3
Asbestos chrysotile (Fibers/L) 4
Bis ( 2-ethy 1 hexy 1 ) phthalate 1
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
N-ni trosod i pheny la mine
2-Ch loropheno 1
2,4-Dich lorophenol
2,4-Dimethylphenol
2-N i tropheno 1
Pen tach loropheno 1
Phenol
2, 4, 6-T rich lorophenol
p-Ch loro-m-creso 1
4,6-Din i tro-o-creso 1
Benzene
Ethyl benzene 1
Toluene 1
Acenaphthene
Acenaphthy lene
Anthracene 1
Benzo(a )anthracene
Benzoja jpyrene 1
Benzo( b)fl uoranthene
Benzojghi Jperylene
Benzo( k)fl uoranthene 1
Chrysene
Fl uoranthene 1
Fluorene
Naphtha lene
Phenanthrene
Pyrene 1
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Carbon tetrach loride
Ch 1 orod i bromomethane
Ch 1 o reform
D ich 1 o rob romome thane
1 , 1 -Dich lo roe thy lene
1 , 1 -Dichlo roe thane
1,2-Trans-dich lo roe thy lene
Methyl chloride
Fu 1 1 sea le
34
23
31
22
23
14
38
8
16
5
12
7
6
1
2
2
1
1
3
7
4
1
2
5
5
7
3
5
3
2
3
1
1
1
5
5
6
4
5
7
3
1
3
9
1
2
1
3
3
Effluent concentration
Range Median
ND -
BDL -
BDL -
<2 -
1 -
BDL -
BDL -
3.3E5 -
BDL -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
BDL
ND -
10 -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
10* -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
50 -
38 -
0 -
0 -
14 -
95* -
0 -
55 -
33 -
37* -
>33 -
64 -
17 -
0 -
83* -
99* -
0 -
64 -
40 -
75 -
92 -
0 -
38 -
>99
>97
>99
98
>96
>83
>99
>99
80
>99
83
>99
>99
>99
56
>99
83
73
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>99
>92
74
44
Med ian
89
60
96
>78
92
67
87
>99
38
>97
42
NM
97
>99
>99
98
>99
>99
>77
>66
>68
NM
>99
>45
>82
72
>99
>99
36
NM
99*
86*
>99
>99*
>50
>99
>92
>99
0
>88
>92
>99
>99
37
NM
87
0
41
84
J
-------
o
ri-
ft
00
U)
O
rr
P
ro
K3
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR SEDIMENTATION
(Continued)
Data points Effluent
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Range
Methylene chloride 1 II BDL -
Tetrachloroethy lene 7 ND -
1 , 1 , l-Trichloroethane 6 2 -
Nitrobenzene
2, 4-Din i troto 1 uene
2,6-Di ni troto 1 uene
Trich loroethylene i
a Ipha-BHC
beta-BHC
H, U'-DDE
a Ipha-Endosul fan
33 -
Isophorone 5 ND -
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful .
"Approximate value.
concentrat ion
Med ian
1 , 100 24
93 BDL
2,500 77
ND
10
10
3,000 120
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
1 10 28
Remova
1 effic
Range
17 -
50 -
19 -
21 -
35 -
>99
>99
88
93
>99
iency. %
Med i an
57
76
>56
>99
80
80
57
NM
NM
NM
NM
>67
oo
I
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Sedimentation
Data source:
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: W
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Textile mills
Wool scouring
3-89, pp. 50-53
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: None(a)/Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sample: 21-hr composite
Pot lutant/oarameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
Al umi num
Barium
Boron
Ca 1 c i urn
Coba 1 1
1 ron
Magnes i urn
Manganese
Mo lybdenum
Sod i urn
Phosphorus
Si 1 icon
St ront ium
Ammon i a
T i tan ium
Vanad ium
Pheno 1
Ni trate
Toxic pollutants, Mg/L:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Be ry 1 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyan ide
Lead
Nickel
S i 1 ve r
2 inc
Bi s( 2-ethylhexyl )phtha late
Anthracene
Fluoranthene
Benzo(a jpyrene
Pyrene
Benzo( k ) f 1 uoranthene
Toluene
Ethyl benzene
Methylene chloride
Ana Ivsi s;
Concentrat ion
Influential
8.1
0.29
O.l<9
31
0. 17
5
7
0.02
<0.2
51
0.2
14.8
0. 17
3.3
0.2
2.7
0.02
5.3
510
38
<2
130
<80
320
200
3,500
2,000
500
1,500
12
1.5
1. 1
1.2
0.8
0.8
1.1
BDL
BDL
Effluent
U.7
0. 12
0.61
31
<0.01
3.1
6.6
0.07
<0.2
56
0.21
3.2
0. 16
3
0. II
0. 12
0.05
7. 1
<200
39
<2
<10
<80
110
210
<100
<700
77
32
6
NM
NM
NM
NM
33
6
9
15
96
NM
NM
<63
NM
NM
>69
NM
66
NM
>89
>65
>80
87
15 0.01
73 0.01
61 0.02
99* 0.02
75 0.01
99" 0.02
NM 0. 1
NM 0.2
NM 0.1
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
(a) Influent is taken from final treatment effluent and is then run through
pi lot process.
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.18-10
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Sedimentation
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Foundry Industry
Subcategory: Ferrous foundry melting furnace
scrubbers
Plant: 50315
References: 3-17, pp. 98, 343, 365
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Sed.
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Settling lagoon:
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate : Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
100% recycle, no discharge
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.12)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants,
TSS
Iron
Manganese
Fluoride
Oil and grease
Ammonia
Sulfide
mg/L:
4,300
520
68
8.9
0.77
3.8
4.8
40
4.8
2.5
3.5
0.03
0.5
ND
99
99
93
61
96
87
>99
Toxic pollutants, mg/L:
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Zinc
Nickel
Cyanide
4,400
28,000
BDL
94,000
950
50
90
1,400
BDL
4,400
BDL
ND
98
95
NM
95
99*
>99
10
10
10
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
^Approximate value.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.18-33
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Sedimentation
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Foundry Industry
Subcategory: Steel foundries-casting quench
and mold cooling operations
Plant: 15654
References: 3-17, pp. 369, 370
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Sedimentation tank
Wastewater flow rate: 49.2 L/S
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Unspecified
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.12)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
Oil and grease
Fluoride
Iron
Ammonia
Manganese
Phenols
PH
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Influent
150
9
0.66
7.3
0.13
0.08
0.01
8.6
20
5
60
ND
130
ND
Effluent
59
9
0.20
6.7
0.11
0.06
0.01
8.6
50
2
60
BDL
140
27
Percent
removal
61
0
70
8
15
25
0
NM
60
0
NM
NM
NM
Detection
limit
10
10
10
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.18-34
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Sedimentation
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Coal mining Not specified
Subcategory: Alkaline mines Bench scale
Plant: V-9 Pilot scale
References: 3-71, pp. IV 35,36 and Treated Full scale
wastewater analysis
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Settling ponds: Pond A - dugout, Pond B - pollack
Wastewater flow rate: Pond A - 152 m /d, Pond B - 2,690 m /d
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
x
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 2U-hr composite and grab
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.2)
Pol lutant/
parameter
Classica 1
pol lutants, mg/L:
COD
TOC
TSS
TVS
Pheno 1
pH, pH units
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Se 1 en i urn
Si Iver
Thai 1 ium
A 1 urn i num
Antimony
Pond A
Concentra t iont
Influent
IM
7.2
110
120
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Sedimentation
Data source:
Point source;
Subcategory:
Plant: 22
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Ink manufacturing
Water and/or caustic wash
3-45, pp. 94-95
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Pretreatment/treatment:
(skimmer), Sed.
neutral./oil Sep.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Oil skimming provided, batch
operation
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Pol 1 utan t/pa raraeter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BCJ5
COD
TOC
TSS
Oil and grease
Total phenol
Tota 1 sol ids
TDS
TVS
VSS
Calcium) a)
Magnes i um( a )
Sod ium
Aluniinum( a )
Bariiim( a )
Coba 1 t
1 ron( a )
Manganese( a )
Mo lybdenumta )
Tin(a)
T i tan ium(a )
Boronf a )
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Ant imonyta )
Arsenic) a )
Bery 1 1 i urn) a )
Cadm i um( a )
Chromiunt(a )
Copper) a )
Cyanide
Lead) a)
Me rcury
Nickel (a)
Si Iver(a)
Thai 1 ium(a)
Zinc
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
To 1 uene
Naptha 1 cne( a )
Ch lo rod ibromome thane
Methylenc chloride
Te t rach 1 oroe thy 1 ene
1 sophorone) a )
Pentach 1 oropheno 1
Bi s( 2-uhty Ihexy 1 ) phtha la te( a )
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Ch lorobcnzenc
1 , 2-Oich loruethane
2,1,6-Trichlorophenol
Chloroform
1 , 2-Oipheny Ihydraz ine
Pheno 1
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Chrysene
Concent ra t i
Influent
2 1 , 000
32,000
1,000
1,600
2,100
330
23,000
21.000
6,300
1,000
55
10
1.9
26
70
2
120
0.83
1 .7
<0.25
1.2
<0.5
< 1 , 000
19
15
78
NM
97
>82
>91
>93
>35
NM
60
NM
NM
NM
NM
>83
>90
>97
NM
>87
NM
NM
NM
NM
52
56
61
>69
NM
>99
36
>99
>99
>99
NM
NM
>99
NM
>99
NM
>99
NM
>99
>99
(V.7.3.25)
Detect ion
1 imit
Blanks indicate data not avaiI able.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningfuI.
(a)Average of two batches.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1
III.3.1.18-62
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Sedimentation
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Inorganic chemicals manufacturing Not specified
Subcategory: Aluminum fluoride, hydrogen fluoride Bench scale
Plant: 705 Pilot scale
References: 3-138, pp. 468-475, 3-142 Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Neutral/Sed., pH adjust.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Settling lagoons
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic detention time: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Grab and 24-hr composite Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.4)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent Effluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS 200 1.7 99
pH (units) 4.9 6.5
Aluminum 27 0.51 98
Fluoride 170 23 87
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
r
2.7
BDL
BDL
4.7
42
250
59
1.3
200
BDL
BDL
<4
250
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
47
BDL
22
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
53
NM
NM
NM
89*
NM
96*
63
81*
94*
NM
NM
NM
79
10
10
15
1
25
20
10
0.5
25
10
15
2
1
Blanks indicate data not available
BDL, below detection limit
NM, not meaningful
*approximate value
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 III.3.1.18-65
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Sedimentation
Data source:
Point source:
Subcategory:
Effluent Guidelines
Gum and wood chemicals
Wood rosin, turpentine,
and pine oil
Plant: 464
References: 3-131, pp. 50-51, 3-144
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal./Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: 3 basins
Wastewater flow rate: 454 L/min (120 gpm)
Hydraulic detention time: 7 days
Hydraulic loading rate: 700,000 L/day (186,000 gpd)
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Composite and grab
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.19)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD
COD
Suspended solids
Total phenols
Oil & grease
650
1100
220
980
<0.01
' 270
730
160
0.01
18
58
34
27
>99
NM
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Arsenic
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Methylene chloride
Chloroform
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
<10
<10
980
17
89
560
10
10
>400
14
<10
620
13
150
260
30
<10
>400
NM
NM
37
24
NM
54
NM
NM
NM
0.4
5.0
0.2
0.1
Blanks indicate data not available
NM, not meaningful
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.18-66
-------
a
rt
(13
N)
.p-
00
OJ
n
ff
CB
00
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR STEAM STRIPPING
Data points
Effluent concentration
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Range
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD
TOG
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Ch lo reform
1 ,2-Dich lo roe thane
1 , 2-Trans-d ichloroethy lene
Methylene chloride
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Tetrach lo roe thy lene
1,1, 1 -Tr ich loroethane
1 , 1 ,2-T rich loroethane
T r i ch 1 o roethy 1 ene
1
7
5
6
5
5
5
3
1
5
3
77 -
ND -
22 -
ND -
90,000 -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
9,800
65,000
4.4E5
1 .3E6
3E5
78,000
6,800
200
34,000
Med ian
170
240
ND
42,000
16,000
130,000
33,000
ND
42,000
ND
ND
Removal efficiency. %
Range
4
49
70
9
54
99
37
98
23
- 79
- >99
- 99
- >99
- 87
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
Med ian
59
55
>99
96
99
81
99
>99
9
>99
61
Blanks indicate data
ND, not detected.
not ava ilable.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Stripping - Air
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Inorganic chemicals
Subcategory: Hydrogen cyanide
Plant: 782
References: 3-85, pp. 426, 430-431
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Stripping (air)
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 1,140 m3/day
Air flow rate: Unspecified
Column temperature: Unspecified
Column pressure: Unspecified
Column height: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Ammonia stripper
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Column diameter: Unspecified
Plate/packing characteristics: Un-
specified
Plate/packing spacing: Unspecified
Number of plates (if applicable): Un-
specified
Product flow rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 3 day, 24-hr composite
and grab
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Cyanide
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.1S)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TSS
NH,-N
Influent
76
410
Effluent
160
41
Percent
removal
NM
90
Detec-
tion
limit
170,000
51,000
60
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.19-8
-------
o
ft
n>
oo
u>
o
D4
to
3
CW
(D
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION
N>
O
Data ooints Effluent concentration
Pol lutant
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD
Chlorine, total
TOC
TOO
Toxic pollutants, uxj/L:
Xylene
Phenol
Benzene
Ethyl benzene
To 1 uene
Styrene
Acetone
MEK
1 , 2-D i ch 1 o roethane
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrach loroethane
1, 1 ,2-T rich loroethane
Antimony
Arsenic
Cyanide
Se 1 en i urn
S i 1 ve r
Zinc
Total phthalates
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
2, U-D i methy 1 pheno 1
p-Ch 1 o ro-m-c reso 1
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
o-cresol
m.p-cresol
Benzo(a )anthracene
Benzoj a jpyrene
Acenaphthylene
Chrysene
F luoranthene
F 1 uo rene
Naphtha lene
Phenanthrene
Chloroform
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Methanol
Ethanol
1 sopropanol
n-Propanol
1 sobutyra Idehyde
2-Butanol
n-Butanol
Pilot scale Full scale Range
6 700 -
2 35 -
1
2 8,300 -
3 < 1,000 -
12 77 -
6 2,400 -
1 4,000 -
2 1,600 -
1
7 7,000 -
10 1,900 -
2 <20,000 -
1
1
9
1
2.3 -
1
6 19,000 -
6 36,000 -
1
1
1
5 4,000 -
1
19,000
170
22,000
25,000
9.6E6
12,000
4,400
10,000
1 .4E6
300,000
97,000
330,000
400,000
450,000
190,000
Med ian
4,200
100
54
15,000
< 1,000
66,000
9,200
4,200
2,300
< 1,000
22,000
9,000
59,000
4,200
16,000
41
140
16,000
630
<25
120
1,900
3,000
ND
ND
ND
ND
4,000
25,000
ND
13
1,600
95
500
190
5,900
280
ND
4,000
52,000
170,000
3,000
5,000
16,000
60,000
26,000
Remova
eff
Ranqe
37 -
87 -
96 -
3 -
58 -
94 -
12 -
32 -
84 -
83 -
2 -
10 -
59 -
78
94
>97
>99
97
96
82
99
>99
>99
64
93
99
iciency. %
Med ian
68
90
3 1
78
>97
72
96
97
95
>93
51
64
' >92
91
90
NM
48
27
NM
NM
50
5
36
>99
>99
>99
>99
93
91
NM
98
50
67
49
75
NM
66
NM
97
12
19
99
88
88
75
63
-------
-------
BJ
rt
ft)
00
to
fa
n
tr
Pi
a
09
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR SOLVENT EXTRACTION
Data points Effluent concentration
Pol lutant Pi lot sea le
Monochloroaceta Idehyde
Dichloroaceta Idehyde, chloral.
crotana Idehyde
Acenton i tr i le
1 -Butanol
n-Propyl MEK
Benzene + other
Aceta Idehyde
Acetic acid
Acetate
n-Butyl acetate
Formic acid
Prop ionic acid
2
1
2
2
1
1
5
7
1
1
5
1
Fu 1 1 sea le
290,000 -
560,000 -
8,000 -
4,000 -
1 10,000 -
ND -
Range
U.3E6
650,000
68,000
1. IE6
I.4E7
860,000
Med ian
2.3E6
3.0E6
600,000
38,000
250,000
ND
150,000
2.7E6
I.9E6
7.3E6
170,000
23,000
Remova 1
1 efficiency. %
Range Median
10 -
10 -
83 -
15 -
8 -
55 -
96
25
99
97
91
>99
53
45
18
91
36
>99
29
77
NM
NM
80
71
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
N3
o
I
-^1
cr
-------
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report
Point source: Petroleum refining
Subcategory: Lube oil refining
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-108, pp. 98-102, 159-165, 456
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent Extraction
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Spray column contactor and stripping column
Column specifications: 0.0254 m diameter x 0.914 m glass pipe
Type of solvent: Isobutylene
Solvent flow rate: 0.008 m3/hr
Wastewater flow rate: 0.003 m3/hr
Sampling: Grab
REMOVAL DATA
Analysis; Data set 6 (V.7.3.26)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Phenol
Benzene
Acetone
MEK
o-Cresol
23,000,000
170,000
37,000
230,000
2,000,000
9,600,000
35,000
22,000
55,000
330,000
58
79
40
76
84
Blanks indicate data not available.
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.20-8
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report
Point source: Organic chemicals
Subcategory: Ethylene oxychlorination process
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-88, pp. 102-117
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent Extraction
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Multi-stage
Column specifications: Extractor: 0.10 m diameter X 3.0 m;
Stripper: 0.05 m diameter X 2.25 m
Type of solvent: C10-C12 paraffin
Solvent flow rate-. 0.27 L/min
Wastewater flow rate: 1.23-5.32 L/min
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; One-day composites
Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.24)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration Percent
Influent Effluent removal
H20 to
solvent ratio
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TOC 58
73
59
76
54
1203
Total chlorine 150
180
160
300
270
690
37
48
38
39
75
86a
3.2
3.0
1.8
6.6
16
180
36
34
36
49
NM
28
98
98
99
98
94
74
5:1
6.5:1
8:1
10:1
16.5:1
20:1
5:1
6.5:1
8:1
10:1
16.5:1
20:1
(a) Average of two 1-day composites.
NM, not meaningful.
DAte: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.20-17
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report
Point source: Unspecified
Subcategory: Hydrofiner or phenolic resin plant
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-108, pp. 102-109, 233-241, 499-501
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Solvent Extraction
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Rotating disc contactor and stripping column
Column specifications: Extractor: 0.0762 m diameter x 1.22 m glass pipe
Stripper: Unspecified
Type of solvent: See below
Solvent flow rate: See below
Wastewater flow rate: See below
REMOVAL DATA
Analysis; Unspecified
So 1 vent
m(3)/hr
0.0023(a)
0.0038( b)
0.0025(c)
0.001 l(d)
ftm/hr
0.082
0. 100
0.089
0.039
COO
Waste Concentration. mq/L
ml3)/hr
0.015
0.00999
>99
99
87
NM, not meaningful.
(a)Solvent used: methyl isobutyl ketone.
(b)Solvent used: "49.5 wt % methyl isobutyl ketone, 50.5 wt % Isobutylene.
(c)Solvent used: 148.2% n-butyl acetate, 51.8% isobutylene.
(d)Solvent used: N-butyl acetate.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.20-18
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report Data source status:
Point source: Unspecified Not specified
Subcategory: Oxychlorination Bench scale
Plant: Unspecified Pilot scale x_
References: 3-108, pp. 102-109 Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Neutral./Solvent Extraction
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Rotating disc contactor and stripping column
Column specifications: Extractor: 0.0762 m diameter x 1.22 m glass pipe
Stripper: Unspecified
Type of solvent: 2-ethyhexanol
Solvent flow rate: 0.0021 m3/hr
Wastewater flow rate: 0.016 m3/hr
.REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Unspecified Analysis; Data set 6 (V.7.3.26)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent Effluent removal limit
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
1,2-Dichloroethane 1,500,000 <20,000 >99
Blanks indicate data not available.
Date: 9/25/81 III.3.1.20-19
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source:
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant: 002
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Iron and steel
By-product cokemaking
3-133, pp. 88, 89, 99, 3-141
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent extract.,
Chlorination
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Dephenolizer
Column specifications: Extractor
Stripper:
Type of solvent: Light oils
Solvent flow rate: Unspecified
Wastewater flow rate: 0.95 L/S (15gpm)
Unspecified
Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; 299
>99
>99
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
98
50
67
1(9
75
NM
66
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.20-20
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report
Organic chemicals
Acetic acid
Point source:
Subcategory.
Plant: 1
References: 3-139, pp. 72-73
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent extraction
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Counter current
.extraction, rotating disc contactor
and stripping column
Column specifications, stripper: 0.076 m
diameter by 1.2 m glass pipe
Type of solvent: n-amyl alcohol
Solvent flow rate: 210 L/min (55 gpm)
Wastewater flow rate: 110 L/min (30.0 gpm)
Shaft rotation speed: 750 rpm
Estimated droplet size: 0.5 mm
Column pressure: 400 KPa
Average column temperature: 18°C
Rotating disc diameter: 3.8 cm
Stator hole diameter: 5.7 cm
Density of solvent: 0.81 Kg/L
Solvent-to-water ratio: 1.8 L/L
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Grab
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.24)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Toxic pollutants, u9/L:
Methanol
Formic acid
Ethanol
Acetone
Isopropanol
n-Propanol and
isobutyraldehyde
Acetic acid
Methyl ethyl ketone
2-Butanol
85,000
940,000
590,000
39,000
200,000
220,000
740,000
320,000
300,000
31,000
230,000
73,000
7,000
3,000
4,000
110,000
2,000
4,000
64
76
88
82
99
98
85
>99
99
Blanks indicate data not available
NM, not meaningful
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.20-21
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source:
Point source;
Subcategory:
Plant.- I
References:
Government report
Organic chemicals
Acetic acid
3-139, pp. 70-71
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent extraction
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Counter current
extraction, rotating disc contactor
and stripping column
Column specifications, stripper: 0.076 m
diameter by 1.2 m glass pipe
Type of solvent: n-amyl alcohol
Solvent flow rate: 500 L/min (132 gpm)
Rotating disc diameter: 3.8 cm
Stator hole diameter: 5.7 cm
Shaft rotation speed: 865 rpm
Estimated droplet size: 0.2 mm diam.
Column pressure (top): 400 KPa
Average column temperature: 20.6°C
Solvent-to-water ratio: 1.8 L/L
Wastewater flow rate: 270 L/min
(72 gpm)
Density of solvent: 0.81 Kg/L
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Grab
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.24)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Formic acid
Acetic acid
Propionic acid
Methanol
Ethanol
n-Propanol
2-Butanol
n-Butanol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Isobutyraldehyde
Acetone
870,000
560,000
78,000
50,000
540,000
41,000
230,000
70,000
310,000
130,000
23,000
170,000
130,000
23,000
19,000
36,000
5,000
27,000
26,000
21,000
16,000
940,000
80
77
71
62
93
88
88
63
93
88
NM
Blanks indicate data not available
NM, not meaningful
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.20-22
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report
Point source: Organic chemicals
Subcategory: Acetic acid
Plant: 6
References: 3-139, p. 79
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent extraction
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Counter current
extraction, rotating disc contactor
and stripping column
Column specifications, stripper: 0.076 m
diameter by 1.2 m glass pipe
Type of solvent: 75:25 Alamine
336/2-heptanone
Solvent flow rate: 140 L/min (38 gpm)
Wastewater flow rate: 110 L/min (30 gpm)
Shaft rotation speed: 410-600 rpm
Estimated droplet size: 0.5-4 mm
Column pressure (top): 200 KPa
Average column temperature: 25°C
Rotating disc diameter: 3.8 cm
Stator hole diameter: 5.7 cm
Run time: 4 hours
Density of solvent: 0.81 Kg/L
Solvent-to-water ratio: 1.26 L/L
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Grab
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.24)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Acetic acid 15,000,000 6,600,000
Methanol 110,000 99,000
Acetaldehyde 1,300,000 1,100,000
Ethanol 230,000 200,000
Monochloroacetaldehyde 4,800,000 4,300,000
Dichloroacetaldehyde,
chloral and
crotanaldehyde 5,500,000 3,000,000
56
10
15
13
10
45
Blanks indicate data not available
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.20-23
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report
Organic chemicals
Acetic acid
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: 6
References: 3-139, p. 74
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent extraction
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Counter current
extraction, rotating disc contactor
and stripping column
Column specifications, stripper: 0.076 m
diameter by 1.2 m glass pipe
Type of solvent: 2-ethyl hexanol
Wastewater flow rate: 104 L/min (27.6 gpm)
Density of solvent: 0.829 Kg/L
Shaft rotation speed: 1090 rpm
Estimated droplet size: 1 mm diam.
Column pressure: unspecified
Average column temperature: 24°C
Solvent-to-water ratio: 3.6 L/L
Solvent flow rate: 370 L/min
(98 gpm)
Rotating disc diameter. 3.8 cm
Stator hole diameter: 5.7 cm
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Grab
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.24)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TOD (with solvent) 37,000 8,300
TOD (without solvent) 37,000 4,100
COD 34,000 7,400
Blanks indicate data not available
78
89
78
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Methanol
Acetaldehyde
Ethanol
Monochloroacetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Formic acid
Chloral
76,000
150,000
170,000
7,000,000
16,000,000
1,900,000
6,900,000
67,000
4,000
140,000
290,000
2,700,000
860,000
190,000
12
97
18
96
83
55
97
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III. 3.1.20-24
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source:
Point source
Subcategory:
Plant 7
References:
Government report
Organic chemicals
Acetic acid
3-139, p. 83
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent extraction
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Counter current
extraction, rotating disc contactor
and stripping column
Column specifications, stripper: 0.076 m
diameter by 1.2 m glass pipe
Type of solvent: 50:50 Alamine 336/
2-ethyl hexanol
Solvent flow rate: 78.0 L/min (21 gpm)
Wastewater flow rate: 114 L/min (30 gpm)
Density of solvent: 0.816 Kg/L
Shaft rotation speed: 1000 rpm
Solvent-to-water ratio: 0.68 L/L
Column pressure (top): 170 KPa
Average column temperature:
Unspecified
Rotating disc diameter: 3.8 cm
Stator hole diameter: 5.7 cm
Run time: 5 hours
Extraction factor (acetic acid):
(a) KDS/W = 2
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Grab
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.24)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Formic acid
Methanol
Acetaldehyde
Ethanol
Acetonitrile
Acetone
Acetic acid
Methyl ethyl ketone
2-Butanol
1-Butanol
2,400,000
410,000
210,000
510,000
720,000
1,500,000
51,000,000
470,000
510,000
560,000
ND
360,000
150,000
410,000
650,000
750,000
4,600,000
300,000
130,000
8,000
>99
12
29
20
10
50
91
36
75
99
Blanks indicate data not available
ND, not detected
(a)KD = [(1-X) x (wt. of aqueous phase)]/[(X) x (wt. of organic
phase)], where X is the fractional removal from the feed organic
phase.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.20-25
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report
Organic chemicals
Acetic acid
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: 7
References: 3-139, pp. 87-89
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent extraction
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Counter current
extraction, rotating disc contactor
and stripping column
Column specifications, stripper: 0.076 m
diameter by 1.2 m glass pipe
Type of solvent: 50:50 Alamine 336 and
Diisobutyl ketone
Solvent flow rate: 73.2 L/min (19.3 gpm)
Wastewater flow rate: 75.0 L/min (19.8 gpm)
Raffinate flow rate: 72.6 L/min (19.2 gpm)
Extract flow rate: 75.0 L/min (19.8 gpm)
Density of solvent: 0.818 Kg/L
Shaft rotation speed: 1000 rpm
Estimated solvent hold-up: 0.022
Column pressure (top) : Atmospheric
Average column temperature:
Unspecified
Rotating disc diameter: 3.8 cm
Stator hole diameter: 5.7 cm
Run time: 5 hours
Solvent-to-water ratio: 0.98 L/L
Height of mass transfer zone:
78 cm
Extraction factor (acetic acid):
(b) K Fs/Fw =2.64
KD = 3.3
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I ing; Grab
Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.24)
Concent rat ion
Pol 1 utant/parameter
Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
Formic acid
Methanol
Aceta Idehyde
Ethanol
Acetoni tri le
Acetone
Acetic acid
n-Propyl methyl ethyl
ketone
2-Butanol
1-Butanol
Benzene + other(a)
Influent
3,800,000
410,000
230,000
500,000
750,000
1,600,000 1,
49,000,000 It,
390,000
460,000
410,000
240,000
Effluent
NO
400,000
150,000
450,000
560,000
400,000
000,000
250,000
190,000
68,000
ND
Percent Detection
remova 1 limit
>99
2
35
10
25
12
71
36
59
83
>99
Blanks indicate data not available
NO, not detected
(a)analysis unclear as to composition of this parameter
(b)K0= [(1-X) x (wt. of aqueous phase) ]/[(X) x (wt. of organic
phase)], where X is the fractional removal from the feed
organic phase.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.20-26
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Solvent Extraction
Data source: Government report Data source status:
Point source: Organic chemicals Not specified
Subcategory: Acetic acid Bench scale
Plant: Pilot plant Pilot scale x
References: 3-139, p. 69 Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Solvent extraction
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Unit configuration: Counter current Shaft rotation speed: 1200 rpm
extraction, rotating disc contactor Estimated droplet size: 0.75 mm
and stripping column Column pressure (top): 390 KPa
Column specifications, stripper: 0.076 m Average column temperature: 20.5°C
diameter by 1.2 m glass pipe Solvent-to-water ratio: 0.37
Type of solvent: n-butyl acetate Wastewater flow rate: 570 L/min
Solvent flow rate: 210 L/min (55 gpm) (150 gpm)
Rotating disc diameter: 3.8 cm Density of solvent: 0.876 Kg/L
Stator hole diameter: 5.7 cm
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Grab Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.24)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent Effluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
TOD 2,300 22,000 NM
COD 2,800 19,000 NM
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Acetic acid 850,000 780,000 8
Acetaldehyde 300,000 250,000 17
2-Butanol 180,000 60,000 67
Methyl isobutyl ketone 130,000 4,000 97
acetate ND 1,900,000 NM
n-Butyl acetate ND 7,300,000 NM
Blanks indicate data not available
ND, not detected
NM, not meaningful
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2 III.3.1.20-27
-------
-------
I
PRESSURIZED SOLUTION OF (A).IB)
CONCENTRATED (A)
.MEMBRANE
J
SOLUTION OF IB)
FIGURE III.3.1.21.1. SCHEMATIC OF MEMBRANE
ULTRAFILTRATION PROCESS
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.1.21-5
-------
o
(U
rt
(D
oo
CO
n
u
3
00
Ct>
K3
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ULTRAFILTRATION
Pollutant
Data points
Pi lot sea le
FuMscale
Effluent
Range
concent rat ion
Med i a n
Removal efficiency. %
Range Med ian
N3
I'
I
to
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5) 8
COD 10
TSS 8
TOC 10
Total phenols I
Oil a nd g re a s.e 7
I ron 7
Sod i urn
Suspended solids 3
Dissolved sol ids 3
Volatile sol ids 3
Si Iica
Chloride
Sulfate
Potassium
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Arsenic I
Cadmium 4
Chromium 7
Copper 4
Cyan ide
Lead 4
Mercury 4
Nickel 4
Zinc 4
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Phenol
2,4,6-TrichlorophenoI
Benzene I
Ethyl benzene
To Iuene
Acenaphthene I
Naphthalene
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Tetrachloroethylene
a Ipha-BHC
beta-BHC
4, U'-DDE
a Ipha-Endosulfan
Endrin aIdehyde
Antimony
I
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
I
I
2
2
2
2
2
I
2
2
2
2
2
2
12 - 930
2 - 2,100
2 - 250
1.0 - 660
0. I I - 140
0.01 - 99
14-99
58 - >99
71-98
91 - >99
32 - 86
40 - 93
56 - 93
67 - 82
>44 - 99
>44 - 94
11-33
>32 - >85
>64 - 98
>95 - 99*
86 - >9I
93 - 99
82
85
>87
84
27
99
>83
NM
>99
64
59
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
>78
74
>7I
45
>74
20
>59
85
>97
>84
95*
NM
>99
>99
97
71*
NM
NM
>46
>57
96
79*
50*
64*
NM
NM
NM
-------
o
ft)
00
U)
n
IT
PJ
3
cro
n>
I
ON
cr
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY
SUMMARY FOR ULTRAFI LTRATION
(Continued)
Data japints Effluent concentration
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Range Median
Dimethyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Pentachlorophenol
2-N i tropheno 1
U-N i tropheno 1
2, ij-Dini trophenol
Xy lene
Chrysene
Pyrene
A roc lor 1016
Aroclor 1232
A roc lor I2U8
Aroclor 1260
1, 1 , l-Trichloroethane
1 , 1 , 2-Tr ich lo roe thane
22
5
<5
21
18
47
<5
ND
ND
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
5
ND
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane ND
Removal efficiency, %
Range Median
83
>96
NM
>99
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
99*
99*
99*
99*
99
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source; Government report
Point source: Auto and other laundries
Subcategory: Industrial laundries(a)
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-94, pp.32-41, 90
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Ultrafiltration
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 0.246-0.284 m3/min
Product flow rate: 0.227-0.265 m3/min
Flux rate: 1.22-1.42 m3/d/m2
Membrane type: Abcor Inc., types HFD/cor-
rugated spacer and HFM/open spacer
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate: 0.189 m3/min
Membrane configuration: Spiral wound
Recycle flow rate: All concentrate recycled
Pressure drop: 62-69 kPa
Operating pressure: Unspecified
Water recovery: 92.8%
Inlet pressure: 310-340 kPa
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Unspecified
Analysis; Data set 3 (V.7.3.1)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration Percent Detection
InfluentEffluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD5 1,700 550 68
COD 5,500 800 85
TOC 1,200 200 83
TSS 680 2 >99
Oil and grease 800 10 99
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Cadmium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Zinc
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
30
1,200
2,100
0.5
1,400
<500
6,500
<500
<10
<500
<1,000
0.4
<500
<500
<1,000
<500
>67
>58
<52
20
>64
NM
>85
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
(a)"Medium polluted" industrial laundry wastewater.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.21-9
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source: Government report
Point source: Auto and other laundries
Subcategory: Industrial laundries(a)
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-94, pp.32-41,91
Pretreatment/treatment: Oil Sep./Ultrafiltration
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 0.341-0.360 m3/min
Product flow rate: 0.318-0.333 m3/min
Flux rate: 1.83-2.04 m3/d/m2
Membrane type: Abcor Inc., type HFD/
open - spacer and HFM.corrugated spacer
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate: 0.02-
0.03 m3/min
Membrane configuration: Spiral wound
Recycle flow rate: All concentrate recycled
Pressure drop: Unspecified
Operating pressure: Unspecified
Operating temperature: 52°C
Water recovery: 92.8%
Inlet pressure: 310-345 kPa
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.1)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentration Percent Detection
Influent Effluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD5 7,900 930 88
COD 27,000 2,400 91
TOC 6,800 640 91
TSS 4,500 <5 >99
Oil and grease 7,900 38 >99
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Iron
150
8,800
11,000
22,000
0.9
740
9,000
90,000
<10
2,900
1,100
<1,000
0.8
<500
180
1,800
>93
67
90
>95
11
>32
98
98
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)"Heavily polluted" industrial laundry supply.
Date: 8/31/82 Change 1
III.3.1.21-10
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source: Government report
Point source: Synthetic rubber manufacturing
Subcategory: See below
Plant: See below
References: 3-115, pp. 63,68,79,122,159
Pretreatment/treatment: Screen./Ultrafiltration
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Pressure drop: Unspecified
Operating pressure: 345 kPa
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Product flow rate: Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified
Membrane type: Abcor Inc., HFM (unless otherwise specified)
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate: Unspecified
Membrane configuration: Tubular (unless otherwise specified)
REMOVAL DATA
Samplinq: Unspecified
Subcateqory
Emulsion crumb(a)
Latex(b)
Latexjc )
Solution crumb(d)
Emulsion crumb( a)
La tex(b)
Latexjc)
Solution crumb
Subcateqory
Temperature
°C
38
50
50
38
38
50
50
38
Concent rat
Influent
Emulsion crumb(a) 920
Latox(b)
Latexjc) 99,000
Solution crumb! d) 620
Oi
Emulsion crumb(a)
Latex(b)
Latexjc)
Solution crumb(e)
Concentrat
Influent
12
28
Ana 1 v
sis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.29)
B0015)
, Concent rat ion. mq/L Percent
Influent Effluent removal
98
100
I.UOO
86
IConcentr
1 nf 1 uent
190
COD
ion. mq/L
Effluent
830
780
1 and qrease
ion. mq/L
Effluent
5
1 I
12 88
l|7 53
230 B'l
30 65
TSS
LU-PQj mq/L_ Percent
Effluent removal
148 75
TOC
Percent Concentration. mq/L
removal Influent Effluent
10 330 250
320 66
99 28,000 220
29 M40 120
Percent
remova 1
58
61
Percent
remova 1
2M
79
99
111
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a JWastewater was adjusted with sulfuric acid to a pH of 't.O before ship-
ment in order to maintain sample integrity; membrane configuration:
tubular and spiral; feed circulation rate: tubular model - 6.8 m(3)/nr;
spiral model - 22.7 m(3)/hr.
(b(Plant: styrene-butad iene latex manufacturing; feed ct rculat ion rate:
7.9 to 8.U m(3)/hr.
(c)Plant: styrene-butad iene latex manufacturing; feed
7.9 to &.<4 m(3)/hr; wastewater is 3.6% latex washwat
operation this would represent 70% to 90% of plant e
seale.
(d JWastewa ter is from product ion of so Iut ion crumb rubb
antioxidants. Approximately 70% of wastewater is at
i rculat ion rate:
r, in full seale
fluent; bench
rs, adhesjveS, and
ributed to solution
crumb rubber manufacture; of this volume, two-thirds comes from the
product i on of po ly i soprene rubber. Feed circulation rate: 6.9 fli( 3 )/hr.
(e)Stnce the majority of production at the time of sampling was geared to
"nonextended rubbers, the relatively low oil and grease content in
the sampled wastewater would be expected.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.21-13
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source: Government report Data source status:
Point source: Synthetic rubber manufacturing Not specified
Subcategory: Unspecified Bench scale ~^^_
Plant: Unspecified Pilot scale x
References: 3-115, p.. 159 Full scale ~^^_
Pretreatment/treatment: Screen./Ultrafiltration
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified Pressure drop: Unspecified
Product flow rate: Unspecified Operating pressure: Unspecified
Flux rate: Unspecified
Membrane type: Abcor Inc., HFM (unless otherwise specified)
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Unspecified Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.29)
TOC.
Concentration, mg/L
Pretreatment of influent
Screening(a)
-(a)
Screening(b)
"
Influent
650
650
270
270
Effluent
380
410
200
180
Percent
removal
42
37
26
33
(a)l% triton x-100 (a nonionic surfactant) was added.
(b)Membrane type used is Abcor, Inc., type HFA.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.1.21-14
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Timber products Not specified
Subcategory: Unspecified Bench scale
Plant: Unspecified Pilot scale
References: 3-65, p. E-3 Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Ultrafiltration
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 137 m3/day Pressure drop: Unspecified
Product flow rate.- Unspecified Operating pressure: 331 kPa
Flux rate: 4,030 m3/hr/m2 Water recovery: 96.2%
Membrane type: Unspecified
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sample.- Unspecified Analysis; Data set 3 (V.7.3.33)
Concentration Percent
Pollutant/parameter Influent (a) Effluent removal
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
Oil and grease 2,200 55 98
(a)Pentachlorophenol wastewater.
Date: 9/25/81 III.3.1.21-15
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source:
Point source;
Subcategory:
Plant: 101
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Iron and steel
Cold rolling
3-137, pp. 71, 84, 86, 110, 3-141
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Sed., oil sep./Ultrafiltration
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 70 L/min (18.5 gpm) Pressure drop: Unspecified
Production: 830 metric tons/turn
(913 tons/turn)
Flux rate: 30 L/min (7.9 gpm)
Membrane type: ABCOR
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Operating pressure: Unspecified
Concentrate makeup: 30% oil
Temperature: 22°C influent
40.7°C effluent
40 L/min (10.6 gpm)
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 21-hr composite and
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
Suspended sol ids
Oil and grease
Oi ssol ved sol ids
Vo 1 a t i 1 e solids
Organic carbon
1 ron
Ca lei urn
Magnesium
Si 1 ica
Sod i urn
Chloride
su irate
Potass i urn
Total phenols
pH ( un i ts )
Toxic pollutants, Mg/L;
Ant i mony
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Seleni urn
Si 1 ver
Zinc
Bi s(2-ethylhexy! )
phtha late
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate
Phenol
Pentach 1 oropheno 1
2-Ni t rophenol
1-N i trophenot
2,14-Dinitrophenol
Ch 1 oropheno 1
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
Xy 1 erie
Naphtha lene
Chrysene
F t uorene
Pyrene
f 1 uoranthene
Tetrachlo roe thy lene
Trichloroethylene
Carbon tetrachloride
1 , 1 , 1-Trichloroethane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1,2,2 Tetrachloroethane
Ch loroform
nethylene chloride
qrab
Analvs
Concentration
Influent
2,200
82,000
12,000
11,000
15,000
3>4
11
2.7
1.7
220
20
99
75
93
96
NM
11
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
0
NM
56
82
99
15
91
NM
NM
NM
>95
>91
>96
NM
83
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
>99
97
NM
>99
NM
.NM
NM
NM
NM
99
>99
>99
99
NM
NM
>16
>57
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.21-16
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile manufacturing
Subcategory: Stock and yarn finishing
Plant: La France Industries Module 380
References: 3-140, pp. 24, 31, 40
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter./Ultrafiltration
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 26-38 L/M (7-10 gpm)
Product flow rate: Unspecified
Flux rate: 200-900 l/m2-day
(5-22 gal/ft2-day)
Average flux: 330 l/m2-day
(8 gal/ft2-day)
pH range: 2-12
Membrane type: Spiral wound PA-300 U.O.P.
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Unspecified
Membrane configuration: Poly(ether)amide
Process production: 5,100 1/m2
(125 gal/ft2)
Pressure drop: Unspecified
Operating pressure: 1400-2800
KPa (200-400 psi)
Operating time: 520 hours
Prefiltration: 1-micron
polypropylene cartridge filters
Operations temperature: 60°C
Recovery: 96%
Maximum temperature: 66-71°C
(150-160°F)
Maximum pressure: 6900 KPa
(1000 psig)
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I ing; Grab
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.32)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentrat ion Percent
Influent Effluent remova I
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD 71(a) 10
Dissolved sol ids 110(a) 15
TotaI sol ids 130(a) 28
Volatile sol ids 120(a) 27
Suspended solids 1(a) ND
Iron 0.09(a) 0.02
Calcium 1.2(a) 0.003
Magnesium 0.9(a) 0.005
Conductivity (umho/cm) 21
Hardness 5(a) ND
pH (units) 6.U
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L:
Chromium 130(a) 2
86
86
78
78
>99
78
99
99
>99
98
Detect ion
I i m i t
Blanks indicate data not available
ND, not detected
(a)influent calculated from permeate and concentrate stream, using a flow
weighted average.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.21-17
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile manufacturing
Subcategory: Stock and yarn finishing
Plant: La France Industries Module 452
References: 3-140, pp. 24, 31, 45
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter./Ultrafiltration
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 9-45 L/min
(5-12 gpm)
Product flow rate: Unspecified
Flux rate: 2000-4,100 l/m2-day
(50-100 gal/ft2-day)
Membrane type: Mott-Brandon ZOPA
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Unspecified
Prefiltration: 40 mesh screen,
100 mesh screen
Membrane configuration: Internal
tube, zirconium oxide/polyacrylate/
sintered stainless steel
Pressure drop: Unspecified
Operating pressure: 1400-9000 KPa
(200-1300 psi)
Operating time: 720 hours
Maximum operating temperature: 100°C
pH range (design): 4-11
Maximum pressure (design): 6900 KPa
(1000 psig)
Recovery: 96%
Velocity: 2-6 m/sec.
Pressure: 1400-9000 KPa
(200-1300 psi)
Operating temperature: 85°C
Process production: 31,000 L/m2
(760 gal/ft2)
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I ing: Grab
Analysis: Data set 4 (V.7.3.321
Pollutant/parameter
Concent rat ion
Influent
Effluent
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD 520(a) 180
Dissolved solids 370(a) 250
Total solids 370(a) 250
Volatile sol ids 200(a) 120
Suspended solids 2(a) NO
Conductivity (u.mho/cm) 260
Hardness 12(a) 2.5
Iron 0.07(a) 0.02
Calcium 1.8(a) 0.43
Magnesium 2.0(a) 0.76
pH (units) 5.6
Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
Chromium 26(a) 27
Percent
removaI
65
32
32
40
>99
79
71
76
62
NM
Detection
I i m i t
Blanks indicate data not available
ND, not detected
(a)influent calculated from/permeate and concentrate stream, using a flow
weighted average.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.21-18
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Ultrafiltration
Data source: Government report
Point source: Textile manufacturing
Subcategory: Stock and yarn finishing
Plant: La France Industries Module 480
References: 3-140, pp. 24, 31, 46
Pretreatment/treatment: Filter./Ultrafiltration
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 19-45 L/min
(5-12 gpm)
Product flow rate: Unspecified
Flux rate: 1200-2800 L/m2-day
(30-70 gal/ft2-day)
Membrane type: Kusters
Retentate (concentrate) flow rate:
Unspecified
Membrane configuration: External tube
zirconium oxide/polyacrylate
carbon tube bundles
Wash solution: 10 g/L EDTA,
1 ml/L Triton X-100
Prefiltration: Carborundum cartridge
1-micron 20 inch filter, 100 mesh screen
Pressure drop: Unspecified
Operating pressure: 900-2800 KPa
(130-400 psig)
Operating time; 510
Maximum pressure (design): 6,900
KPa (1000 psig)
Permeate processed: 11,000 L/m2
(275 gal/ft2)
Filtration required: finer than
40 mesh
Recovery: 96%
Operating temperature: 85°C
pH range (design): 4-11
Maximum temperature (design):
100°C (212°F)
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I ing: Grab
Analysis: Data set t (V.7.3.32)
Pollutant/parameter
Concentrat ion
Influent
Effluent
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD 310(a) 140
Dissolved solids 250(a) 120
Total solids 250(a) 120
Volatile sol ids 200(a) 120
Suspended solids 2(a) ND
Hardness 12(a) 2.5
Conductivity (u.mho/cm) 260
pH (units) 5.7
Iron 0.06(a) 0.01
Calcium 2.1(a) 0.56
Magnesium 3(a) 0.75
Toxic pollutants, u.g/L:
Chromium 3.3(a) 3
Percent
removaI
55
52
52
40
>99
79
83
73
75
Detection
I i m i t
Blanks indicate data bit available
ND, not detected
(a)influent calculated from permeate and concentrate stream, using a flow
weighted average.
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.1.21-19
-------
-------
a
to
NJ
.£>
00
U)
n
oo
fD
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ACTIVATED SLUDGE
u>
ho
Data points
Pollutant Pilot scale
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5) 1
COD 1
TSS 1
Tota 1 phosphorus
Tota 1 pheno 1 s
Oi I and grease
TKN
Sul fides
Ammon ia
Thiocyanate
Toxic pollutants, u,g/L:
Ant imony
Arsen ic
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chrom i urn
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se 1 en i urn
Si 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 ium
Zinc
Bis (chloromethy 1 ) ether
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Butyl benzyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl phthalate 1
Di-n-octyl phthalate 1
N-n i trososod iphenylamine
N-n i trosod i-n-p ropy famine
2-Ch lorophenol 1
2,4-Dich loropheno 1 1
Acenaphthene 1
Anthracene 1
Benzo( a )pyrene
Chrysene 1
Fluorene
Indeno (1,2,3-cd) pyrene
Naphtha lene
Pyrene
Fl uoranthene
Phenanthrene I
Ci s- 1 , 3-d ichloropropene
Trans- 1 , 3-d ichloropropene
Benzidine 1
1 ,2-Dichloro-l-propene 1
Ful 1 sea Ic
39
46
HO
27
27
9
7
1
1
1
22
29
14
29
39
39
35
38
24
38
20
24
20
38
1
38
1
1 1
18
8
2
2
2
9
1
2
1
26
5
1
1
1
Effluent concentration
; Range Median
<5
45
0.023
0. 15
0.007
2.5
13
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
ND
ND
ND
BDL
ND
BDL
48
ND -
ND
ND
ND
ND
2
ND
ND
ND
ND
BDL
- 920
- 2,900
- 1,200
- 47
-0.28
- 300
- 320
- 670
- 160
- BDL
- 20
- 20,000
- 170
- 38,000
- 220
- 1.6
- 400
- 41
- 95
- 29
- 38,000
230
- 58
- 69
- 200
- 1.6
- 19
- 100
- 2
- ND
- 260
- 0.3
32
400
83
3.5
0.034
23
160
0.26
960
12
2
BDL
BDL
BDL
22
29
6
25
BDL
32
BDL
BDL
BDL
180
ND
13
1 1
ND
ND
ND
5,000
0.8
10
10
ND
ND
500
BDL
100
ND
ND
ND
0. 1
BDL
BDL
5.6
3.9
200
BDL
Removal efficiency. %
Ranqe
23
0
15
4
1 1
6
24
33
20
0
5
2
0
0
33
0
3
0
15
84
20
>99
69
92
>99
>99
2
- >99
- 97
- 96
- 97
- >99
- 99
- 76
- 90
- 98*
- 99*
- 99
- >99*
- >99
- >99
- 94*
- >99
- 96*
- 94
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
Med fan
92
74
70
44
66
92
45
>99
13
95
70
54
NM
64*
67
60
71*
66
50
50
NM
64
38
78
>99
76
NM
>99
>99
>99
NM
>84
NM
96
>99
>99
NM
NM
NM
>99
>99
>99
78
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
-------
o
rt
(t>
N>
C»
OJ
n
sr
03
3
OQ
to
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ACTIVATED SLUDGE
(Continued)
u>
N)
Ii
I
I1
NJ
Data points
Pol lutant Pi lot sea le
Anthra cene/phenanthrene
Bromoform
Carbon tetra chloride 1
Chloroform 1
Dich lorobromome thane 1
1, l-Dich loroethane
1 , 2-Trans-d ichloroethy lene
1 , 2-Dichloropropane
1 , 3-Dichloropropane
Methylene chloride
1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1
Tet rach 1 o roethy 1 ene
1 , 1 , 1 -T rich loroethane
1 , 1 ,2-Trich loroethane 1
Trichlo roe thy lene
T r i ch 1 o rof 1 uo rome tha ne
beta-BHC
gamma-BHC
Chlordane 1
Heptachlor
Isophorone 1
2,4-Dimethylphenol 1
2-N i tropheno 1
4-N i tropheno 1
Pentachloropheno 1 1
Phenol 1
2,4,6-Tr ichloropheno 1 1
p-ch 1 oro-m-creso 1
Benzene 1
Chlorobenzene 1
1 ,2-Dich lorobenzene
1 , 3- Dich lorobenzene
1 ,4- Dich lorobenzene
2, 4-D i n i troto 1 uene 1
2,6-Dini trotol uene 1
Ethyl benzene
Hexach lorobenzene
N i trobenzene
Toluene 1
1 ,2, 4-Trichlorobenzene 1
Xy lene
1 ,2-Dich loroethane
1 , l-Dichloropropane
1, l-Dichloroethylene
DOD 1
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
Effluent concentration
Ful 1 sea le Range
8
1
1
20
2
3
2
2
1
8
1
12
8
13
6
1
1
1
5
3
3
17
30
1 1
4
9
7
11
1
9
26
4
3
33
10
1
3
1
2
ND -
BDL -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
0.9 -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
1.7 -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
ND -
BDL -
ND -
ND -
ND -
99
32
>99
38
55
94
0
>99
66
67
8
>37
>99
75
0
69
76*
16
>99
17
49
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- 99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
iency. %
Med ian
90
NM
98
>99
>99
>99
>66
>99
NM
69
>99
>99
>99
NM
>99
96
>99
>99
NM
75
NM
>99
>99
88
>99
>99
98
>99
>99
>99
>99
NM
>99
NM
NM
>99
>99
0
95
>99
>99
>99
>99
41
NM
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source:
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: B
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Iron and steel
Coke making
3-6, pp. 74,83,90
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal./Act. Si.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 33.9 L/s
Hydraulic aeration detention time
Volumetric loading: Unspecified
MLSS: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Unspecified
F/M: Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Single stage
conventional
Operating temperature: Un-
8 hrs specified
Clarifier configuration: Un-
specified
Depth: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Un-
specified
Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samp Ii nq: Unspec if ted
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.5)
Pol Iutant/parameter
Concentrat ion
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removaI
Detection
I i m i t
Classical pollutants, tng/L:
TSS 36 160
Oil and grease 240 2.5
Total phenol 350 0.06U
Thiocyanate 230 12
Ammonia 1,100 960
Sulfide 630 0.26
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Cyanide 140,000 38,000
Be ry I I i urn <20 <20
Mercury 0.9 1.2
NM
99
>99
95
13
>99
73
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-13
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status-.
Point source: Pharmaceuticals Not specified
Subcategory: Formulation products Bench scale
Plant: 5 Pilot scale ^^
References: 3-87, Supplement 2 Full scale x
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Act. SI.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 606 m3/day Operating temperature: Unspecified
Hydraulic aeration detention time: Un- Clarifier configuration: Unspecified
specified Depth: Unspecified
Volumetric loading: Unspecified Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
MLSS: Unspecified (overflow rate)
Oxygen supply: Unspecified Solids loading rate: Unspecified
F/M: Unspecified Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Four 1,290 m3
aeration tanks
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Composite and grab Analysis: Data set 1 (V.7.3.21)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent Effluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD 850
TSS 350
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Chromium 30 10 67
Copper 80 20 75
Zinc ND 100 NM
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 50 10 80
Methylene chloride 800 250 69
Di-n-butyl phthalate 20 ND >99
Chloroform 130 ND >99
1,1,1-Trichloroethane 17 ND >99
1,2-Dichloroethane 15 ND >99
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-14
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather tanning and finishing
Subcategorys Hair save, nonchrome (primarily
vegetable) tan, retan-wet finish
Plant: 47
References: 3-128
Pretreatment/treatment: Coag. Floe./Act. Si.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 110 m3/d
Hydraulic aeration detention time:
1.2d
Volumetric loading: 0.47 kg/m3 d
MLSS: 4,000-8,000 mg/L
Oxygen supply: Mechanical 5HP
F/M: 0.11
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: 0.33
Process modification: Extended aeration
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Operating temperature: 8°-30°C
Clarifier configuration: Circular
Depth: 1.8m
Hydraulic loading rate:
13.7 m3/m2 d
(overflow rate)
Solids loading rate: 82 kg/m2 d
Weir loading rate: 4.7 m3/m d
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 3 days
Analysis: Data set 2 IV.7.3.61
Concentration
Percent
Pol tutant/oarameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
B00( 5 )
COD
TSS
01 1 and grease
TKN
Toxic pollutants, Mg/L:
Ch rom I urn
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Bls(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Pentach 1 o ropheno 1
Phenol
2, 1, 6-T rich 10 ropheno 1
1 , 2-Dlchlorobenzene
1 , M-Dlchlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Anthracene/Phenanthrene
Naphtha lene
Cadmium
Mercury
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
,2,1-Tr ichlorobenzene
, 1, l-Trichloroethane
, 1 , 2-Trlchloroethane
2-Chloronaptha lene
, 3-Olchlorobenzene
,2-Trans-dlchloroethylene
2, 1-Dlchlo ropheno 1
Huoranthene
Methylene chloride
1-Ni trophenol
n-NI trosod iphenylamf ne
Dl-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Fluorene
Pyrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
T r 1 ch 1 o roe thy 1 one
Influent
1,200
5,500
3,1100
290
89
6 1 , 000
170
100
250
260
799
NM
NM
>99
NM
NM
86*
NM
NM
91*
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
97
36
56
Blanks Indicate data not available,
(a)Detectlon limit for toxic pollutants assumed to be 10 Mg/L.
BOL, below detection limit.
NO, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
"Approximate value.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-17
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather tanning and finishing
Subcategory: Hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet
finish
Plant: 248
References: 3-11, p. 208
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Act. Si.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic aeration detention time: Un-
specified
Volumetric loading: Unspecified
MLSS: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Unspecified
F/M: Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Extended aeration
Operating temperature: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Clarifier configuration: Unspecified
Depth: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
(overflow rate)
Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samo 1 i nq : Unsoec i f i ed
Ana
Concentration
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
Oil and grease
TKN
Toxic pollutants, |ig/L:
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Pentach loropheno 1
Phenol
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
1 , 2-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 4-Dich lorobenzene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Naptha lene
Ch loroform
Influent
1,200
2,600
1,100
170
250
31,000
57
20
100
5
230
9,500
480
10,000
220
99
56
49
41
Effluent
920
1,800
560
91
190
20,000
37
40
30
34
140
3,100
440
4,300
69
21
BDL
15
BDL
lysis: Data
Percent
remova 1
23
31
49
46
24
35
35
NM
70
NM
39
67
8
57
69
79
91*
69
88*
set 2 (V.7.3.6)
Detect ion
1 i m i t
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-18
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather tanning and finishing
Subcategory: Shearing
Plant: 253
References: 3-128
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal./Act. SI.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Wastewater flow rate: 950 m3/d
Hydraulic aeration detention time: 1.5d
Volumetric loading: 0.2 Kg/m3 d
MLSS: 6,000-15,000 mg/L
Oxygen supply: Mechanical 40HP
F/M: 0.06 average
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Extended aeration
Operating temperature: 10-30°C
Clarifier configuration:
Circular
Depth: 2.4m
Hydraulic loading rate:
6.1 m3/m2 . d
(overflow rate)
Solids loading rate: 36.6-92.3
kg/m2 d
Weir loading rate: 23 m3/m d
REMOVAL DATA
Sampl Ing: 3 days
Pol lutant/Da name ten
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
B00( 5 )
COD
TSS
01 1 and grease
TKN
Toxic pollutants, M9/L:
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl Jphtha late
Pentach loropheno 1
Pheno 1
Cadmt urn
1 ,2-dichlo roe thane
1,2-dichlorobenzene
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichl oroethy lene
Nitrobenzene
Concent rat
Influent
330
2, ZOO
830
310
55
5 1 , 000
120
ND
1 10
380
93
1,200
10
ND
63
ND
ND
31
ND
ion
Effluent
180
2,500
3, 100
95
25
140,000
180
120
250
540
3<4
65
DDL
10
8.5
19
15
ND
12
Analysis: Data
Percent
remova 1
M5
NM
NM
69
5«
22
NM
NM
NM
NM
63
95
50«
NM
87
NM
NM
>99
NM
set 2 (V.7.3.6)
Detect ion
limit (a)
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, bo low detection limit.
(a)Detection limit for toxic pollutants assumed to be 10 Mg/L.
ND, not detected.
NM, not mean ingPut
*App rox i ma te vaIue.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-19
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather tanning and finishing
Subcategory: Hair save, chrome tan, retan-wet
finish
Plant: 320
References: 3-11, p. 208
Pretreatment/treatment: Screen., Equal./Act. Si.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 1,500 m3/day
Hydraulic aeration detention time: 12
hrs
Volumetric loading:
MLSS: 6,000-15,000 mg/L
Oxygen supply: Unspecified
F/M: Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Extended aeration
Operating temperature: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Clarifier configuration: Unspecified
Depth: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: 24-28 m3/
day/m2 (overflow rate)
Solids loading rate: 3,600 kg/day/
1,000 m3
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Samp 1 i no : Unspec i f i ed
Ana
Concentration
Pol lutant/parameter
Classics 1 pol lutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
Oil and grease
TKN
Toxic pollutants, fig/L:
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Pentach 1 o ropheno 1
Phenol ,
2,4,6-Trich lo ropheno 1
Ethyl benzene
To luene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
Naptha lene
Influent
2,000
4,000
2,300
550
290
170,000
220
50
3,100
75
2,100
32
ND
5,500
ND
>100
>100
2.9
ND
Effluent
300
890
130
17
160
1,700
8
40
60
30
170
6
12
1,400
12
BDL
BDL
1.4
2.3
lysis: Data
Percent
remova I
85
78
94
97
45
99
96
20
98
60
92
81
NM
75
NM
>95*
>95*
52
NM
set 2 (V.7.3.6)
Detection
I i m i t
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
Approximate value.
fJate: 8/31/82 R Change 1 .111.3.2.1-20
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather tanning and finishing
Subcategory: None
Plant: Berwick POTW
References: 3-128
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Act. Si.
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 2200 m3/d
Hydraulic aeration detention time:
0.6d
Volumetric loading: 0.75 kg/m3 .
MLSS: 5,500 mg/L
Oxygen supply: 80 HP
F/M: 0.2
Mean cell residence time: 30.5d
Sludge recycle ratio: 0.25
Process modification: Extended
aeration
Operating temperature: 5-12°C
Clarifier configuration:
Circular/Rectangular
Depth: 3.1m
Hydraulic loading (overflow)
rate: 9.6 m3/m2 d
Solids loading rate:
53 kg/m2 d
Weir loading rate:
25.7 m3/m d
REMOVAL DATA
Samol inn; 3 days
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
Oi 1 and g rease
TKN
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Chromi urn
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Z i nc
Bi s(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Pentach loropheno I
Phenol
2,i|,6-Trichloropnenol
Ethyl benzene
To 1 uene
Anthracene/Phenanthrene
Naphtha 1 ene
Chloroform
Cadm i um
Me rcury
Benzene
1,1, l-Trichloroethane
pa ra-Ch 1 oro-meta-creso 1
1 , 2-Di ch I orobenzene
1 , 2- trans -Dich 1 oroethy lene
2, ')-D ich 1 oropheno 1
2, II-D i me thy 1 pheno 1
i)-Ni trophenol
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Tetrachloroethylene
Trichloroe thy lene
Concentration
Influent Effluent
600
1 ,600
1,000
300
81
52,000 1
1)80
1, 100
120
2MO
92
220
2,500
BDL
230
220
ND
1,600
15
ND
BDL
26
1
BDL
I'l
8
BDL
98
1,200
BDL
BOL
100
6
25
550
1)3
21)
8.5
,700
50
200
100
1)5
190
16
BDL
BDL
3
2
BDL
BDL
3
20
BDL
75
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
BUL
62
ND
ND
2
ND
Analysis; Data
Percent
remova 1
96
66
96
92
90
97
90
82
27
81
NM
93
>99"
NM
99*
>99
NM
>99*
80
NM
NM
NM
>99
NM
>99
>99
NM
95*
95
NM
NM
98
>99
set 2 (V.7.3.6)
Detection
limit (a I
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Detection limit for toxic poMutants assumed to be 10 |ig/L.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
^Approximate value.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-21
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather tanning and finishing
Subcategory: See below
Plant: See below
References: 3-74, p. 90
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Act. Si.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Wastewater flow rate: See below
Hydraulic aeration detention time:
below
Volumetric loading: See below
MLSS: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Unspecified
F/M: Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Unspecified
Operating temperature: Unspecified
See Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Clarifier configuration: Unspecified
Depth: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
(overflow rate)
Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Data set 3 IV.7.3.61
Subcateaorv
Cattle, gave
chrome
Cattle, pulp,
chrome
Cattle, pulp,
combination
tanning
BOOI5) TSS
Concentration. ma/L Percent Detection Concentration. ma/L Percent
Plant Influent Effluent removalfa) limit Influent Effluent removal(a)
Moench Tanning 1,700 340 80 2,1400 190 92
Co., (In
Gowanda, NY)(b)
S. B. Foot 1,100 320 77 3,000 320 89
Tanning Co. ,
( in Red Wing,
MNMc)
Caldwell Lace 1,100 96 93 3,100 220 93
Leather,
< in Auburn,
KY)(d)
Detection
limit
REMOVAL DATA
Subcateaorv
Cattle, save
chrone
Cattle, pulp,
chrome
Cattle, pulp,
combination
tanning
COO TKN
Concentration, mq/L Percent Detection Concentration. ma/L Percent
Plant Influent Effluent removaMa) limit Influent Effluent removalfa)
Moench Tanning
Co., ( in
Gowanda, NY)(b)
S. B. Foot
Tanning Co. ,
( in Red Wing,
MN)(c)
Caldwell Lace 1.000 180 88 490 320 35
Leather,
( in Auburn,
KY)(d)
Detection
1 imlt
Blanks indicate data not available. %
!a)Percent removal for entire plant.
b)Wastewater flow: 1,510 cu.m/d; hydraulic aeration detention time; 12 hr;
volumetric loading: 3,600 kg BOD(5)/d/1,000 cu.m.
(c)Wastewater flow: 3,780 cu.m/d; pretreatment influent: screening, primary
sedimentation.
(d)Wastewater flow: 61 cu.m/d; hydraulic aeration detention time: 1.6 d;
volumetric loading: 908 kg BOD(5)/d/1,000 cu.m.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-22
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Textile mills Not specified
Subcategory: Unspecified Bench scale
Plant: Z Pilot scale ^^
References: 3-90, pp. 32-53 Full scale x
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Act. 51.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified Operating temperature: Un-
Hydraulic aeration detention time: specified
Unspecified Clarifier configuration:
Volumetric loading: Unspecified Unspecified
MLSS: Unspecified Depth: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Unspecified Hydraulic loading rate:
F/M: Unspecified Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Process modification: Surface aeration
REMOVAL DATA
Samol ina: 1 day
Ana 1 vs i s:
Concentra t i on
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
B00(5)
COD
TSS
Tota 1 pheno 1
Total phosphorus
Toxic pollutants, Mg/L:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Be ry 1 1 i um
Cadmi um
Chromi um
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Phenol
Ch 1 orobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
1 , 2, 14- Tr ich lorobenzene
Naphthalene
Te t rach 1 o roe thy 1 ene
Tr ich lorof luorome thane
Influent
350
810
20
0.56
1 . 1
1 1
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
97
BDL
BDL
BDL
1 1
1 10
220
34
ND
0.7
5.5
45
310
12
ND
Effluent
<5
100
13
0.023
0.5
12
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
50
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
370
2
ND
3.5
3,000
1 10
ND
ND
ND
89
Data set
Percent
remova 1
>99
88
35
96
55
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
48
NM
NM
NM
55*
NM
99
>99
NM
NM
NM
>99
>99
>99
NM
1 (V.7.3.32)
Detection
1 imit
0.5
5
0. 1
0.5
0.2
0.2
4
1
0.5
10
25
0.04
0.07
0.2
0.2
0. 1
0.09
0.007
0.9
2
Blanks indicate data not available.
DDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
*Approximate value.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-53
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Textile mills
Subcategory: Wool scouring
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-68, p. VII-25
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Act. Si.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic aeration detention time: 99 hr(a)
Volumetric loading: Unspecified
MLSS: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Unspecified
F/M: Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Extended aeration,
surface aeration
Operating temperature:
Unspecified
Clarifier configuration:
Unspecified
Depth: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
Soli'ds loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Aerator power requirement:
32 W/m3
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Data are average
values for 1976
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.32)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD 5
COD
TSS
1,600
16,000
4,000
120
2,600
1,200
92
84
70
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Based on average flow and full basin volume.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-54
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Timber products
Subcategory: Plywood, hardwood and wood preserv-
ing unless otherwise specified
Plant: See below
References: 3-80, p. 169; 3-65, pp. 7-103
Pretreatment/treatment: See Below/Act. Si.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic aeration detention time: Un-
specified
Volumetric loading: Unspecified
MLSS: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Unspecified
F/M: Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Unspecified
Operating temperature: Unspecified
Clarifier configuration: Unspeci-
fied
Depth: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
(overflow rate)
Solids loading rate:, Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampl ino:
Plant
2U(a)
5
3
it
Unspeci f ied
Pretreatment
of influent
Screening, sedimen-
tation (clarifier).
f 1 ow equa 1 i za t ion
Sedimentation (pond)
Sedimentation
(clarifier)
Sedimentation (pond)
Concentre
Influent
2,000
3,500
1,800
2,HOO
BODI5)
ition. mq/L
Effluent
M'(0
180
5'i
550
An;
Percent
remova 1
78
95
97
77
Hysis; Data set 3 IV.
TSS
Concentration. mq/L
influent Effluent
520 160
150 390
110 300
60 360
7.3.33)
Percent
remova 1
69
NM
NM
NM
NM, not meaningful.
(a)Process modification:
two contact stabilization activated sludge systems operating in parallel.
Date.: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III. 3. 2.1-59
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Timber products processing
Subcategory: See below
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-65, Appendix D, p. I
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Act. Si.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Hydraulic aeration detention time: See
below
Volumetric loading: See below
MLSS: See below
Oxygen supply: Unspecified
F/M: See below
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Process modification: Unspecified
Data source status
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Operating temperature:
Unspecified
Clarifier configuration:
Unspecified
Depth: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
(overflow rate)
Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Sampling; Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Analysis; Data set 3 (V.7.3.33)
Total phenol
Concentration, jig/L
Point source category
Coal gas washing process (b)
Coke gasification
plant(c)
Coal-tar distillation plant
Influent
1,200
5,000
500
Effluent(a)
<12
<500
<5
Percent
removal
>99
>90
>99
Detection
limit
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Calculated from influent concentration and percent removal.
(b)F/M ratio: 0.116 kg phenol/kg MLSS/d.
(c)Hydraulic aeration detention time: 2 d; volumetric loading: 1,600 kg
to 2,400 kg phenol/1,000 m3/d; MLSS: 2,000 mg/L; unit configuration:
continuous flow.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-60
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines Data source status:
Point source: Timber products processing Not specified
Subcategory: Unspecified Bench scale x
Plant: Unspecified Pilot scale
References: 3-65, Appendix D, p. 1 Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Unspecified/Act. Si.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified Operating temperature:
Hydraulic aeration detention time: 8-50 hr Unspecified
Volumetric loading: 144-1,600 kg Clarifier configuration-.
phenol/100 m3/d Unspecified
MLSS: Unspecified Depth: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Unspecified Hydraulic loading rate:
F/M: Unspecified Unspecified
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Process modification: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Unspecified Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.33)
Concentration, mg/L Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent Effluent (a) removal limit
Classical pollutants:
Total phenol 280 62 78
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Calculated from influent concentration and percent removal.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-61
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Government report Data source status:
Point source: Organic and inorganic wastes Not specified
Subcategory: Unspecified Bench scale
Plant: Reichhold Chemical, Inc. Pilot scale
References: 3-125, pp. 23,25,28,29,31,32 Full scale ~~x~
Pretreatment/treatment: Sed. (clarifier)/Act. Si.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 1,500-6,600 m3/day Operating temperature:
Hydraulic aeration detention time: 22-144 hr Unspecified
Volumetric loading: Unspecified Clarifier configuration:
MLSS: 2,200-4,900 mg/L Unspecified
Oxygen supply: 14-190 mg/L/hr Depth: Unspecified
F/M: 0.02-0.5 Hydraulic loading rate:
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: 100:0-46:54 Solids loading rate.- Unspecified
(recycled: wastes) Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Process modification: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 24-hour composite Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.35)
Concentration Percent Detection
Pollutant/parameter Influent(a) Effluent removal limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD5 1,900 220 88
COD 4,300 960 78
TSS 130 110 15
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Average of six samples.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-62
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Government report
Point source: Unspecified
Subcategory: Unspecified
Plant: Reichhold Chemical, Inc.
References: 3-125, pp. 23,25,28,29,31,32
Pretreatment/treatment: Sed. (clarifier)/Act. Si.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: See below
Hydraulic aeration detention time
Volumetric loading: Unspecified
MLSS: See below
Oxygen supply: See below
F/M: See below
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: See below
Process modification: Unspecified
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Operating temperature:
See below Unspecified
Clarifier configuration:
Unspecified
Depth: Unspecified
Hydraulic loading rate:
Unspecified
Solids loading rate: Un-
specified
Samp 1 inq ;
MLSS,
mq/L
2,220(a)
3,020(b)
3,920(0)
5,6MO(d)
l4,130(e)
l4,900(f )
MLSS,
mq/L
2,220(a)
3,020(b)
3,920(c)
5,6i40(d)
I4,130(e)
M,900(f)
REMOVAL DATA
Averaqe performance data
S I udge
Recycle
F/M ratio
O.M3 146:514
0.22 100:0
0.5 100:0
0.2M 100:0
0.08 100:0
0.23
COD
Concentration. mq/L
Influent Effluent
5,100 1,100
7,200 660
3,200 1,200
3,100 1,300
3,1400 800
14,000 680
Oxygen
consumpt ion.
mq/L/hr
114
21
23
314
189
2M. 1
Percent
remova 1
78
91
62
58
76
83
Ana 1 vs i s :
Concent rat
Influent
2,000
3.UOO
1,300
1,500
1,300
2,000
Data set 2
BOOI 5 )
ion. mq/L
Effluent
360
1 '(0
3MO
1400
147
U3
TSS
Concentration. mq/L
Influent
120
130
130
100
160
160
Effluent
84
85
87
97
130
200
(V.7.3.35)
Percent
remova 1
82
96
714
73
96
98
Percent
remova 1
30
35
33
3
19
NM
NM, not meaningful
(a)Wastewater flow
2<4 hr.
(b)Wastewater flow
48 hr.
(cJWastewater flow
214 hr.
(d)Wastewater flow
36 hr.
(3)Wastewater flow
1144-96 hr.
(f )Wastewater flow
148 hr.
1,500 m(3)/d (0.14 MGO); hydraulic aeration detention time:
2,080 m(3)/d (0.55 MGD); hydraulic aeration detention time:
6,600 m(3)/d (1.76 MGO); hydraulic aeration detention time:
5,030 m(3)/d (1.3s MGD); hydraulic aeration detention time:
2,080 m(3)/d (0.55 MGD); hydraulic aeration detention time:
1,970 m(3)/d (0.52 MGD); hydraulic aeration detention time:
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-63
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Government report Data source status:
Point source: Mixed industrial (mainly Not specified
textile)/domestic wastes Bench scale
Subcategory: Unspecified Pilot scale x~
Plant: Deep shaft treatment plant (Paris, Full scale
Ontario)
References: 3-106, pp. 297-301
Pretreatment/treatment: Screen., Comminutor, Neutral./Act. Si.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 450 m3/day Operating temperature:
Hydraulic aeration detention time: 30 min Unspecified
Volumetric loading: Unspecified Clarifier configuration: Air
MLSS: Unspecified flotation tank
Oxygen supply.- Unspecified Depth: Unspecified
F/M: Unspecified Hydraulic loading rate:
Mean cell residence time: Unspecified Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Process modification: Deep shaft Weir loading rate: Unspecified
biooxidator air flotation
REMOVAL DATA
Samp I Ing: Four days Analysis: Data set I (V. 7. 3. 351
Pol latent/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:(a)
BOD( 5 1
COD
TSS
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:(b)
Dimethyl phthalate
Dl-n-octyl phthalate
Phenol
Benzene
Toluene
1 , 2,M-Tr ichlorobenzene
Acenaphthene
Carbon tetrachlorlde
Chloroform
1 , 1,2, 2-Tet rachlo roe thane
Tetrachloroethene
1, 1 ,2-Trichloroethane
1 sophorone
Chlordane(c)
Dichloromethane
1 ,2-Dlchloro- l-propene
Chlorobenzene
2,4-Dinl tro toluene
2,6-Dlni tro toluene
Nitrobenzene
2, k- Dl me thy 1 phenol
2-Ch 1 o ropheno 1
2,1,6-Trfchlorophenol
Pentach 1 o ropheno 1
Anthracene
Chrysene
Penanthacene
Benzo pyrene
Benzld Ine
DOD(c)
Concent rat lon(d)
Influent
180
900
310
70
1,000
18
310
30
BDL
180
2,200
22,000
BDL
BOL
1 1
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BOL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BOL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
Effluent
33
800
60
200
5,000
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BOL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
100
100
200
BDL
BDL
100
BDL
BDL
500
100
BDL
BDL
200
BOL
Percent Detection
removal limit Id)
82
78
81
NM
NM
72«
99*
83"
NM
97»
99*
99"
NM
NM
55*
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
NH, not meaningful.
Approximate value.
(a)Computed from average daily values taken over 30 consecutive days.
(b)Grab samples.
(c)Due to banned status of chlordane and DOD's precursor (DOT) In Canada,
assignments are doubtful.
(d)Detectlon limit for toxic pollutants assumed to be 10 (ig/L.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.1-64
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather tanning and finishing
Subcategory: None
Plant: Hartland, ME POTW
References: 3-128
Pretreatment/treatment: Sulfide oxidation/Act, si.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 3200 m3/d
Hydraulic aeration detention time:
Volumetric loading: 0.08 kg/m3
MLSS: 2300 mg/L
Oxygen supply: Diffused air
(8500-9300m3 air/h)
F/M: 0.05
Mean cell residence time: 20.4 d
7.1 d
Sludge recycle ratio:
Process modification:
25%
Extended aeration
Operating temperature: 11°-29°C
Clarifier configuration:
Circular
Depth: 3.7 m
Hydraulic loading (overflow)
rate: 11 m3/m2 d
Solids loading rate: 50.1
kg/m2 d
Weir loading rate:
37.3 m3/m . d
REMOVAL DATA
Sampl ing: 3 days
Pol lutant/parameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L
BOD
COD
TSS
Oi 1 and grease
TKN
Toxic pollutants, ug/L
Cadmi urn
Chrom ium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Mercury
Benzene
2,1,6-Trichlorophenol
Chloroform
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 ,1-Dichlo robenzene
2, 1- Dimethyl phenol
Ethyl benzene
Methylene chloride
Naphtha lene
U-N i t rophenol
Pentach 1 oropheno 1
Phenol
Bis(2-ehtylhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethyl phthalate
Tetrachlo roe thy lene
Toluene
T r i ch 1 o roe thy 1 ene
Concentrat
Influent
830
1,900
2,100
390
55
20
71,000
110
1,900
65
2,300
0.52
5.5
57
1 1
29
BDL
BOL
57
37
27
1,700
BDL
1, 100
78
BDL
BDL
BDL
270
1 .8
ion
Effluent
30
170
1 10
20
13
20
2,300
100
220
20
310
0.30
1.5
1.5
NO
BDL
NO
NO
2.5
19
BOL
570
NO
110
19
BDL
BDL
BDL
3.2
NO
Ana 1 vs i s: Data
Percent
remova 1
96
91
95
95
76
0
97
29'
88
69
87
112
18
92
>99
83"
NM
NM
96
NM
81"
66
NM
87
76
NM
NM
NM
99
>99
set 21V.7.3.6)
Detect i on
limit ( a )
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a)Detection limit for toxic pollutants assumed to be 10 |ig/L.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
"Approximate value.
Date: 8/31/82 Change 1 III.3.2.1-67
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Activated Sludge
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather Tanning and finishing
Subcategory: None
Plant: Grand Haven-Spring Lake, MI POTW
References: 3-128
Pretreatment/treatment: None/Act. SI.
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench Scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: 13,200 m3/d
Hydraulic aeration detention time:
0.48d
Volumetric loading: 0.45 Kg BOD/m3 d
MLSS: 2,340 mg/L
Oxygen supply: Diffused Aeration
(34,800 m3 air/h)
F/M: 0.27
Mean cell residence time: 8.5d
Sludge recycle ratio: 60%
Process modification: Contact stabilization
Operating temperature: 16°C
Clarifier configuration:
Circular
Depth: 3m
Hydraulic loading (overflow)
rate: 16.7 m3/m2 d
Solids loading rate:
39.3 Kg/m2 d
Weir loading rate:
76.7 m3/m d
REMOVAL DATA
Samol Inq: 3 days
Pot lutant/oarameter
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD
COO
TSS
Oil and grease
Toxic Pollutants, M9/L:
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Zinc
Mercury
Benzene
Chlorobenzene
, 2-0 Ichlo roe thane
, 1, l-Trlchloroethane
para-chloro-meta-cresol
Ohloroform
,2-Dlchtorobenzene
, 3 -Di Chlorobenzene
,1-Dichloro benzene
,2-trans-Dlch loroethylene
2, t|-Di me thy (phenol
Ethyl benzene
Fluoranthene
Methylene chloride
Naphtha lene
1-NI trophenol
Pentach loropheno 1
Phenol
B!s(2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Dfethyl phthalate
Acenaphthylene
Pyrene
Tet rach 1 o roe thy 1 ene
Toluene
T r 1 ch 1 o roe thy 1 ene
Anthracene/phenanthrene
1 , I-D Ichlo roe thy lene
Nitrobenzene
Concentratl
Influent
560
1,300
1HO
100
2.8
5,000
100
3140
160
1,700
0.2U
2.6
8
». 8
580
BDL
2
120
BDL
21
12
BDL
7.6
BDL
6.8
220
220
BDL
290
39
16
BDL
BDL
BOL
23
19
10
BDL
9.8
10
on
Effluent
17
68
33
23
1.6
HO
8.2
10
130
110
0. 1
10
8
5.6
33
BDL
1
BDL
BDL
BDL
8.2
BDL
6.U
BDL
1.2
10
25
25
BDL
13
BDL
BDL
BDL
BDL
l.
-------
Design of lagoons is based on surface loading of BOD (kg/ha),
hydraulic detention time, depth, and configuration of the lagoon.
A range of values for typical design criteria is shown in
Table 3.2.2-1.
Aerobic and aerated lagoon systems consist of one or more cells
operated in series. Facultative lagoons usually consist of at
least three cells in series.
TABLE 3.2.2-1. DESIGN CRITERIA FOR LAGOONS [3-114].
Aerobic Faculative Anaerobic Aerated
Depth, m 0.2-0.3 1-2.5 2.5-5 2.5-5
(ft) (0.6 - 1.0) (3 - 8) (8 - 15) (8 - 15)
BOD loading,
kg/ha/day
(Ib/ac/day)
110
(100
- 220
- 200)
22 -
(20 -
55
50)
280
(250
- 4,500
- 4,000)
Performance
The performance of lagoons in removing degradable organics
depends upon detention time, temperature, and the nature of
waste. Aerated lagoons generally provide a high degree of BOD
reduction more consistently than the aerobic and facultative
lagoons. The general problems with lagoons are excessive algae,
offensive odors from anaerobic ponds if sulfates are present and
the pond is not covered, and seasonal variations of effluent
quality.
Subsequent data sheets provide performance data on the following
industries:
- Textile Mills,
- Paint and Ink Formulation,
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing,
- Leather Tanning and Finishing, and
- Timber Products Processing.
References
3-1, 3-18, 3-20, 3-24, 3-25, 3-26, 3-30, 3-51, 3-52, 3-54, 3-55,
3-114.
Date: 9/25/81 III.3.2.2-5
-------
to
rt
n>
oo
OJ
pa
n
3
00
n>
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR LAGOON-AERATED
U)
I
Os
Data points
Pol lutant Pi lot sea
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TOC
TKN
Total phenols
Toxic pollutants, ug/L:
Ant imony
Arsenic
Beryl 1 ium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Se 1 en i urn
S i 1 ve r
Tha 1 1 i urn
Zinc
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
4-N i tropheno 1
Pentach lorophenol
Phenol
2, 4, 6-T rich lorophenol
Benzene
1 ,2-Dichlorobenzene
1 , 4-Dichlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Toluene
Naphtha lene
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
Tetrachlo roe thy lene
1 , 1 , l-Trichloroethane
le Ful 1 sea le
15
1 1
12
1
2
5
2
4
1
1
7
8
3
6
2
6
4
1
3
7
6
1
1
2
5
1
5
1
1'
4
7
1
1
5
7
1
1
Effluent concentration
Ranqe Median
23
0
>9
7
12
26
25
0
>50
0
0
0
- >99
- >99
- 94
- 80
- >99
- >99
- 99
- 94
- >99
- >99
- 50
- >99
- >80
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >95
- >99
- >99
- >99
- 97
Med fan
76
63
64
99
78
95
>90
>99
>50
>97
85
63
95
>80
>99
25
>50
NM
>44
67
92
>99
>23
>99
>99
>99
>74
>99
>99.
>99
>99
>99
NM
>67
>9 1
>99
96
Blanks indicate data not available.
BDL, below detection limit.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
-------
o
0>
CD
O
=r
(B
3
TO
fD
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR LAGOON-NONAERATED
K3
ho
Data DOints Effluent concentration Removal efficiency. %
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Range Median Ranqe
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5) 1 3 53 - 270 >IIO 77-92
COD 1 3 140 - 2,100 490 53 - 67
TSS 1 4 22 - 500 48 24 - 86
TKN 1 1 35 - 100 68 33 - 68
Total phenols 2 0.03 - 0.05 0.04
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Chromium
Copper
Lead
Se ten i um
Z i nc i
Bis (2-ethylhexyl ) phthalate
Naphtha lene
Tr ichlorof luorome thane
ND
18
ND
18
I 100-120 110
ND
ND
ND
Med ian
86
55
76
50
40
>99
NM
>99
44
86
>99
>99
>99
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Lagoon
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source : Textile mills
Subcategory: Felted fabric.processing
Plant: Unspecified
References: 3-68, p. VII-32
Pretreatment/treatment: Equal., Act. SI./Lagoon
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
x
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Process modification: Polishing
Wastewater flow rate: 380 m3/d
Hydraulic detention time: 25 days
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Unit configuration: One basin, total
volume 9,500 m3
Organic loading rate:
Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Unspecified
Depth: Unspecified
Operating temperature:
Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: 24-hr
Analysis; Data set 1 (V.7.3.32)
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants,
COD
TSS
Total phenol
mg/L:
550
91
0.05
260
22
0.03
Blanks indicate data not available.
ND, not detected.
NM, not meaningful.
53
76
40
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Chromium
Copper
Selenium
Zinc
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Naphthalene
35
ND
32
45
18
56
ND
18
18
100
ND
ND
>99
NM
44
NM
>99
>99
Date: 9/25/81
III.3.2.2-8
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Lagoon
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Gum and wood chemicals
Subcategory: Wood rosin, turpentine and pine oil
Plant: 464
References: 3-131, pp. 50-51, 3-144
Pretreatment/treatment: Flow equalization, Sed./
Lagoon, Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Process modification:
Wastewater flow rate:
Aerated
454 L/min
(120 gpm)
Hydraulic detention time: 10 days
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Unit configuration:
Organic Loading Rate: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: Mechanical aeration
30 KW (40 hp)
Depth: Unspecified
Operating temperature: Unspecified
Aerator power requirement: 30 KW
Volume 6,600,000 L Equalization retention: 15 days
(1,750,000 gal.)
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling:Composite
Analysis; Data set 2 (V.7.3.19)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants,
BOD
COD
Suspended solids
Total phenols
Oil & grease
mg/L;
270
730
160
0.01
18
27
110
48
<0.01
<0.01
Blanks indicate data not available
NM, not meaningful
90
85
70
>0
>99
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Arsenic
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Zinc
Methylene Chloride
Chloroform
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
14
<10
620
13
150
260
' 30
<10
>400
22
<10
92
<10
49
260
<10
<10
<10
NM
NM
85
>23
67
0
>67
NM
NM
0.4
5.0
0.2
0.1
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.2.2-19
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Lagoon
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Gum and wood chemicals
Subcategory: Sulfate turpentine,
Plant: 610
References: 3-131, pp. 58-59, 3-144
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
Pretreatment/treatment: Neutral., Clarifier/Lagoon
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Process modification: Aerated
Wastewater flow rate: 189 L/min (50 gpm)
Hydraulic detention time: 100 days
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Volume 11,400 m3
Organic loading rate: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: 30 KW (40 hp)
aerators
Depth: Unspecified
Operating temperature: 25°C
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Grab and composite
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.19)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD 1500
COD 10,000
Suspended solids 240
Total phenols 2.1
Oil & grease 290
440
4700
420
5.9
140
Blanks indicate data not available
NM, not meaningful
71
63
NM
NM
52
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Arsenic
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
Methylene Chloride
Benzene
Toluene
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
<43
2000
200
<11
170
<10
240
6600
<53
<1000
<10
<10
3000
150
16
230
<13
360
2000
<77
<63
<640
NM
NM
25
NM
NM
NM
NM
70
NM
NM
NM
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.04
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.2.2-20
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Lagoon
Data source:
Point source:
Subcategory:
Plant: 949
References:
Effluent Guidelines
Gum and wood chemicals
Tall oils, rosin, pitch,
and fatty acids
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
3-131, pp.
Pretreatment/treatment:
53-54, 3-144
None/Lagoon, Oil skim, Sed.
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Process modification: Aerated
Wastewater flow rate: 0.6 mgd
Hydraulic detention time: 13.3 days
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Unit configuration: Volume 30,300 m3
Organic loading rate: Unspecified
Oxygen supply: 84 KW (112 hp)
aerators (5)
Depth: Unspecified
Operating temperature: Unspecified
Aerator power requirements: 84 KW
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Automatic composite
Analysis: Data set 2 (V.7.3.19)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants,
BOD
COD
Suspended solids
Total phenols
Oil & grease
mg/L:
42
1100
44
550
48
Blanks indicate data not available
NM, not meaningful
<0.01
130
19
29
13
>99
88
57
95
73
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Copper
Chromium
Lead
Nickel
Selenium
Zinc
Methylene Chloride
Chloroform
Benzene
Ethylbenzene
Toluene
Phenol
150
83
14
19
11
50
710
10
120
20
20
<10
220
88
<10
43
<10
44
850
10
120
<10
20
<10
NM
NM
>29
NM
>9
12
NM
0
0
>50
0
NM
0.4
5.0
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.07
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.2.2-21
-------
-------
Chemicals Required
A carbon source is required when the process is used for denitri-
fication. Nitrogen and phosphorus may also be needed for nutrient
deficient wastewaters.
Residuals Generated
Biomass generated on the RBC surface is sloughed during operation
and is removed in the clarification step generally following the
process.
Design Criteria
Process design information for rotating biological contactors for
industrial wastewaters is as yet rather limited. The principal
design criterion is the applied organic loading rate (kg BOD/m2).
RBC's are generally operated at applied organic loading rates
ranging from 0.003 to 0.075 kg BOD/m2/day (0.5 to 15 Ib BOD/1,000
ft2/day). This wide range in the loading rates points out the
necessity of conducting a pilot plant test for a specific waste-
water to determine the optimum loading rate. In addition to the
above design criteria, other design considerations include rota-
tional speed of the media and number of stages required to achieve
desired removal efficiencies. The rotational speed is dependent
on waste strength. Generally, BOD removal efficiency is upgraded
by the use of multiple stages, which is also the design approach
to achieve nitrification.
Performance
Pilot scale RBC studies on a broad range of pulp and paper mill
wastewaters have indicated that RBC's could be used to achieve
high levels of BOD removal [3-62].
Subsequent data sheets provide performance data on the following
industries:
- Soap and Detergent Manufacturing, and
- Coal mining.
References
3-40, 3-51, 3-54, 3-55, 3-62.
Date: 9/25/81 III.3.2.4-3
-------
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pa
o
BJ
3
OQ
(D
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS
Pol lutant
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
TSS
TKN
Total phosphorus
Oil and grease
Toxic pollutants, jig/L:
Forma Idehyde
Methanol
Phenol
Data points
Pi lot sea le Ful 1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
Effluent
sea le
63
25,000
38,000
160,000
Ranqe
- 68
- 37,
- 43,
- 160
concentrat ion
Med ian
18
3UO
66
6
3
13
000 31,000
000 40,000
,000 160,000
Remova
1 effic
Ranqe
61 -
57 -
56 -
83
68
63
iency, %
Med ian
72
52
35
33
17
19
72
62
6/4
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Rotating Biological Contactors
Data source: Government report
Point source: Gum and wood chemicals
Subcategory: Unspecified
Plant: Plant A
References: 3-143, pp. 733-745
Pretreatment/treatment: None/RBC
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Organic loading rate: 100 Kg COD/
1000 m2/day (21 Ib COD/1,000 ft2/day)
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Contactor surface area: 11.6 m2 (125 ft2)
Rotational velocity: Unspecified
Unit configuration: 2-stage RBC
Temperature: 13°C
Hydraulic residence time: 3 hours
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
Clarifier configuration: 4.6m (15
ft) diameter by 1.2m (4 ft) deep
Depth: 0.9m (3 ft)
Clarifier overflow rate: Unspeci-
fied
Clarifier volume: 15m3 (4,000 gal)
Operating temperature: 13-14°C
pH: 4.6
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Solids loading rate: Unspecified
Recycle pump: 0.15 KW (0.2 hp)
submersible
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling; Grab
Analysis; Data set 3 (V.7.3.19)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD 1,500 560
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Formaldehyde 150,000 25,000
Methanol 100,000 43,000
Phenol 430,000 160,000
63
83
57
63
Blanks indicate data not available
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.2.4-7
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Rotating Biological Contactors
Data source: Government report
Point source: Gum and wood chemicals
Subcategory: Unspecified
Plant: Plant B
References: 3-143, pp. 733-745
Pretreatment/treatment: None/RBC
Data source status:
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Wastewater flow rate: Unspecified
Organic loading rate: 78 Kg COD/1000 m2/
day (16 Ib COD/1,000 ft2/day)
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Contactor surface area: 11.6 m2 (125 ft2)
Rotational velocity: Unspecified
Unit configuration: 2-stage RBC
Temperature: 13°C
Distillation: 2.3m2 (25 ft2) solar stills
Hydraulic residence time: 3 hours
Clarifier configuration: 4.6m (15
ft) diameter by 1.2m (4 ft) deep
Depth: 0.9m (3 ft)
Clarifier overflow rate: Unspeci-
fied
Operating temperature: 13-14°C
pH: 4.6
Weir loading rate: Unspecified
Solids locading rate: Unspecified
Sludge recycle ratio: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Grab
Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.19)
Concentration
Pollutant/parameter
Influent
Effluent
Percent
removal
Detection
limit
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
COD 1,200 560
Toxic pollutants, yg/L:
Formaldehyde 94,000 37,000
Methanol 120,000 38,000
Phenol 360,000 160,000
53
61
68
56
Blanks indicate data not available
Date: 1/24/83 Change 2
III.3.2.4-8
-------
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CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SUMMARY FOR TRICKLING FILTERS
Data points Effluent concentration
Pollutant Pilot scale Full scale Range Median
Classical pollutants, mg/L:
BOD(5)
COD
Total phenols
Toxic pollutants, ng/L:
Chromium
Copper
Cyan ide
Lead
Bis ( 2-ethy Ihexy 1 ) phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
Diethy 1 phtha late
Pentachloropheno 1
Pheno 1
2,4,6-Tr ich lorophenol
Naphtha lene
Xy lene
Chloroform
Methylene chloride
3 52-140 58
1 620 - 710 660
45
17
42
16
49
6
6
mo
3
37
2
55
2
19
1
Tr ich loroethy lene 1
Removal efficiency. %
Range Median
77 - 94 86
77
59
NM
NM
79
NM
83
25
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
Blanks indicate data
NM, not meaningful.
not ava iI able.
-------
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY: Trickling Filter
Data source: Effluent Guidelines
Point source: Leather tanning and finishing
Subcategory: Unspecified
Plant: See below
References: 3-74, pp. 79,80
Pretreatment/treatment: See Below/Tr. Filter
Data source status;
Not specified
Bench scale
Pilot scale
Full scale
DESIGN OR OPERATING PARAMETERS
Process modification: Unspecified
Wastewater flow rate: See below
Hydraulic loading rate: Unspecified
Recirculation ratio: See below
Unit configuration: Unspecified
Type of media: Unspecified
Organic loading rate: Unspecified
Bed depth: Unspecified
Operating temperature: Unspecified
REMOVAL DATA
Sampling: Unspecified
Analysis: Data set 3 (V.7.3.6)
BOD
Plant
In 1 nd i a
3
Pret rea tment
of influent
Di lut ion,
sedimentation
(a)
Coagu 1 a t ion,
sed iinenta t i on
Concent ra_t
1 nf 1 Lient
860
270
150-MOO
ion. ma/L
Effluent
52
62
30-80
TSS
Percent Detection Concentration. mq/L Percent Detection
removal limit Influent Effluent removal limit
91
77 110 1(5 59
80
Blanks indicate data not available.
(a(Wastewater flow: 3,780 cu.m/d, recirculation ratio: 50%.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.3.2.5-6
-------
III.4 SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL
III.4.1 THICKENING AND CONDITIONING
Description
Sludge thickening is defined as increasing the total solids
concentration of a dilute sludge from its initial value to some
higher value. Thickening operations are intended to reduce the
volume of sludge to be further processed and normally constitute
an intermediate step preceding dewatering or stabilization.
Conditioning involves the biological, chemical, and/or physical
treatment of a sludge stream to enhance subsequent dewatering
techniques. In addition, some conditioning processes also disin-
fect sludges, affect odors, alter the sludge physically, provide
limited solids destruction, and improve solids recovery. Sludge
characteristics that affect thickening or dewatering and which
can be modified by conditioning include particle size and distri-
bution, surface charge, degree of hydration, and particle
interaction.
Representative Types and Modifications
Thickening
The two most common methods used to thicken industrial sludge are
Gravity and Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) thickening. Other
methods include centrifugation (Section III.4.3) and Reverse
Osmosis (3-126). Reverse Osmosis is not described below since it
currently is not applicable for thickening industrial sludges.
(1) Gravity Thickening. Gravity thickening facilities
operate very much like a settling tank. These tanks
are manufactured of concrete or steel and can be square
or round, with the round variety being much more pre-
valent. Gravity-type thickener units commonly employ
rakes to aid in the concentration of sludge, and to
prevent stratification of settling solids. Feed solids
entering in the middle are distributed radially, and
sludge solids are collected as underflow in a sludge
sump. Solids settling to the thickener bottom are then
raked to a sludge hopper, and are periodically removed
and discharged to the next process. Water separated
from the sludge (supernatant) rises and exits over
weirs at the top of the unit as the sludge settles.
Gravity thickening is characterized by three distinct
zones:
The clear zone at top is composed of liquid
that eventually becomes the effluent escaping
over the weirs. This liquid has a low solids
concentration.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.4.1-1
-------
The next zone is called the feed zone, although
the solids are not necessarily at the same
concentration as the feed solids in the in-
fluent. The feed zone is characterized by a
uniform solids concentration.
Below the feed zone is the compaction zone,
characterized by an increasing solids concen-
tration to the point of sludge discharge.
(2) Flotation Thickening. Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is
basically gravity thickening upside down. Rather than
having sludge particles settle to the bottom of the
tank, flotation utilizes tiny air bubbles that attach
themselves to the sludge particles and make them lighter
than the surrounding liquid. The floated solids are
scraped off as thickened sludge. Typically, air intro-
duced under pressure to recycled effluent is mixed with
incoming sludge to provide the flotation bubbles.
Conditioning
The two most common methods used to condition sludge are thermal
(heat) and chemical conditioning. Other methods include freezing,
organic and inorganic filtration aids, and elutriation. Only
thermal and chemical conditioning (which are commonly used) are
described below since the others are not frequently applied to
industrial sludges.
(1) Thermal Conditioning (heat treatment). Thermal con-
ditioning involves heating sludge to temperatures of
140 to 210°C (290 to 410°F) for short periods of time
under pressures of 1 to 3 MPa (150 to 400 psi). This
results in coagulation of solids, a breakdown in the
cell structure of biological sludge, and a reduction of
the water affinity of sludge solids. In addition, the
sludge is sterilized, generally stabilized, and render-
ed inoffensive.
Several proprietary variations exist for heat treat-
ment. In general, sludge is passed through a heat
exchanger into a reactor vessel, where steam is in-
jected directly into the sludge to bring the temper-
ature and pressure into the necessary ranges. After
approximately 30 minutes, the sludge is discharged
through a heat recovery unit to a thickener-decant
tank. A dewatering step such as vacuum filtration or
centrifugation (Section III.4.3) typically follows.
(2) Chemical Conditioning. The most common sludge condi-
tioning practice today is the use of ferric chloride
either alone or in combination with alum. Other chem-
icals used include ferrous sulfate, aluminum chloro-
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.4.1-2
-------
hydrate, and organic.polymers. The process is actually
a coagulation/flocculation process. In an aqueous
solution, metal salts hydrate forming free water-metal
ion complexes and metal hydroxide precipitates.
The following mechanisms act to condition the sludge:
Neutralization of charged particles by the water-metal
ion complexes.
Adsorption of the hydroxide on the particles and sub-
sequent bridging between particles.
Enmeshment of the particle in the precipitating metal
hydroxide (the particle may act as a nucleus for this
precipitation).
The above mechanisms are pH dependent. Many sludges have a high
alkalinity which is undesirable because the required dose of
metal salt will be very high. A common method of reducing sludge
buffering capacity (alkalinity) is to add lime, causing the
precipitation of calcium carbonate. This results in the proper
pH range for optimum performance.
Technology Status
The technology for sludge thickening is well developed. Both
gravity thickening and flotation thickening units have been in
wide use for many years to thicken industrial wastewater sludge.
The technology for sludge conditioning also is well developed.
Both chemical and thermal conditioning units have been in full-
scale operation for years.
Applications
Gravity thickening works best with heavy sludges (specific
gravity >1), and is potentially applicable at almost any indus-
trial plant. However, if the sludge encountered has a specific
gravity approaching 1.0, and thus settles poorly, flotation
thickening can be successfully used to concentrate the-hard-to-
settle sludge (e.g., waste activated sludge). Both gravity and
flotation thickening are being used by several industries.
Sludge conditioning reduces the costs of sludge dewatering and
ultimate disposal, and is used by several industries.
Advantages and Limitations
Thickening is economically attractive because considerable volume
reduction is achieved with even modest increases in sludge solids
concentration. Other advantages are high reliability and minimum
maintenance requirements.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.4.1-3
-------
Limitations of the sludge thickening process are its sensitivity
to the flow rate and solids loading rate through the thickener
and to the sludge removal rate. These rates must be low enough
not to disturb the thickened sludge.
Sludge conditioning reduces the costs of subsequent sludge de-
watering and ultimate disposal. Conditioning enhances subsequent
dewatering and allows for a reduction in the size of dewatering
facilities. Heat treatment of sludge has the added advantage of
producing a generally innocuous and sterilized sludge suitable
for ultimate disposal by a variety of methods.
The thermal conditioning process has many limitations, including
very high capital and operating costs, expensive material costs
(to prevent corrosion and withstand the operating conditions),
and the need for specialized supervision and maintenance because.
of the high temperatures and pressures involved. Heavy metal
concentrations in sludges are not reduced by heat treatment
whereas chemical conditioning may remove some dissolved metals.
Thermal conditioning also produces a supernatant with a very high
BOD content.
Reliability
Gravity and flotation thickening are reliable from a mechanical
standpoint. Variations in sludge characteristics can affect
process (treatment) reliability and may require operator atten-
tion.
Limited operating data on conditioning are available but mechan-
ical and process reliability appear adequate. Careful operator
attention is required.
Chemicals Required
Lime (CaO) and polymers (polyelectrolytes) may be added to aid
sludge thickening.
Chemicals used in chemical conditioning include ferric chloride
(FeCl3), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), lime (CaO), alum (A12(S04)3)
(18 H2O), and organic polymers. Corrosion and other chemical
aids may be necessary in heat treatment of sludge.
Residuals Generated
Water separated from the sludge (supernatant) during the thick-
ening process typically contains some solids and probably a high
BOD, and is usually returned to the plant for further treatment.
Thermal conditioning reduces the total sludge volume because some
organics are oxidized. Chemical conditioning generates addi-
tional sludge because of the addition of chemicals.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.4.1-4
-------
Design Criteria
Design of gravity thickening units often may be based entirely on
the experience of previous designers by using their design cri-
teria. This is necessary if no sludge is available for testing.
It also may be possible to use laboratory data to develop design
criteria (3-126). Gravity thickeners are designed on the basis
of solids loading in terms of Kg/m2/day (Ibs/ft2/day). A typical
value for thickening an activated sludge is 0.9 Kg/m2/hr (4.5
Ibs/ft2/day); rates for oxygenated activated sludge can be two-
fold higher. Thickened solids levels that are two to three times
the concentration of the unthickened sludge frequently are
achieved. A thickened solids level of 2.5% may be achieved
through thickening of waste activated sludge from air systems
(3-63).
Sludge flotation systems may be designed using experience or
laboratory tests (3-126). DAF units are commonly used to precon-
centrate clarifier underflow solid content from a level of about
0.7 - 1.5% to about 4.0 - 6.0%. Typical design factors are
surface loadings of 0.2 to 0.9 m3/m2/hr (1 to 4 gal/ft2/min),
solid loadings of 2.5 to 25 Kg/m2/hr (0.5 to 5 Ibs/ft2/hr), and a
detention time of 30 minutes (3-63).
The choice of what type of conditioning to use for a sludge
should be based on a pilot study because performance is highly
sludge dependent. In heat treatment, temperatures range from 140
to 210°C (290 to 410°F); pressures from 1 to 3 MPa (150 to 400
psi); and detention times from 30 to 90 minutes. Steam consump-
tion is around 70 kg/1,000 liters of sludge (600 lb/1,000 gal of
sludge).
The dosage and type of chemical conditioning (if any) required
for various types of sludges should be determined by pilot test-
ing, as these vary with the characteristics of the sludges.
Performance
An analysis of thickening performance of final settling tanks can
be found in reference (3-127).
No performance data are available on conditioning.
References
3-1, 3-3, 3-6, 3-9, 3-12, 3-13, 3-16, 3-27, 3-31, 3-51, 3-52,
3-60, 3-61, 3-63, 3-126, 3-127.
Date: 8/31/82 R Change 1 III.4.1-5
-------
-------
III.4.4 COMBUSTION
Description
Combustion is the controlled rapid oxidation of volatile matter.
Incineration is the complete combustion of volatile matter re-
sulting in the production of by-product gases and an inert
residue. Incineration process phases include raising the temper-
ature of the feed sludge, evaporating water from the sludge,
increasing the temperature of the water vapor and air, and in-
creasing the temperature of the volatile dried sludge to the
ignition point. Incineration performance is dependent on the
waste material; the amount of mixing which occurs between the
waste material and the air; and the temperature at which com-
bustion takes place.
Starved-air or controlled air incineration is a special case
where combustion air (oxygen) is introduced at a rate that is
near stoichiometric conditions. Starved-air incineration can be
operated as a batch or continuous operation.
Pyrolysis is a process that uses heat energy to cause a chemical
change in the feed material. It is essentially a baking process
rather than a burning process. The purpose of pyrolyzing waste
material is to convert solid wastes into a storable, transpor-
table fuel (either liquid or gas), while generating a clean,
inert solid refuse that can be easily landfilled. As in the case
of an incineration system, temperature and residence time within
the reactor are the two variables which are used to operate the
pyrolysis system. Many pyrolysis solid waste systems today use
controlled (partial) combustion of the feed material to generate
the heat energy by operating with a definite deficiency of air.
Pyrolysis can produce three energy-related products: (1) gas
consisting primarily of hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide; (2)
liquid including materials such as acetic acid, acetone and
methanol; and (3) char consisting of pure carbon plus any metal
or non-organic materials that might have been in the original
wastes.
Representative Types and Modifications
Several common types of incineration processes are briefly de-
scribed below [3-63].
(1) Stationary-grate. This process is the simplest and most
basic type. The incinerator is generally constructed of
brick or metal and lined with standard duty fire brick. The
material is fed to the incinerator through a charging door,
either manually or automatically, onto the grate. The grate
is located in the primary combustion chamber which is some-
times known as the ignition chamber. Here an ignition
burner lights the waste charge, and it begins to burn. Air
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.4-1
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to burn the waste on the grate is supplied to the incin-
erator either by a forced draft fan, or an induced draft
fan. The fan will push or pull the air through underfire
and overfire air ports. The underfire air ports are located
below the grate. The overfire air ports are located above
the grate and initial mixing and combustion begins here.
Flow of the partially unburned waste then passes over a
baffle wall and moves vertically downward into the second
chamber in an area which is known as the flame port. This
change of direction gives the partially burned gases more
chance to mix with the combustion air. In some cases aux-
iliary burners are located in the flame port to maintain
combustion temperatures and initiate the secondary burning.
These gases then pass into the secondary combustion chamber
where the velocity is greatly reduced down to less than 3.1
m/s (10 ft/s). Solid particles of ash will drop out in the
secondary combustion chamber, and oxidation of the gases
created in the primary combustion chamber will be completed.
The gases then pass into a stack and subsequently through a
spark screen to the atmosphere. Often a third chamber is
added to give additional time for settling of particulate
matter.
(2) Two-Chamber Controlled Air. This incineration system em-
ploys better combustion principles and enables burning to
take place at more nearly stoichiometric conditions. In the
primary chamber waste is fed and ignited by means of an
auxiliary burner, and a controlled amount of air is intro-
duced for incineration of the waste. This amount of air may
be slightly above or below stoichiometric conditions. As
incineration takes place in the primary chamber, gases from
this oxidation process pass into a secondary chamber where
they are reheated by a conventional fuel burner. Additional
air is introduced so that final combustion of all volatile
material is achieved.
(3) Pit and Cyclonic. The pit incineration system is based on
the controlled air incineration concept. The incinerator
uses a pit as the primary combustion chamber where the waste
is ignited and initial burning started. The pit is blan-
keted by a curtain of air from a blower and air manifold
which supplies the combustion air for t'\e primary burning.
The combustion air for the secondary burning of the gases
coming from the primary chamber also is provided this way
since the hot products of combustion must pass through the
air curtain before entering the atmosphere. The pit in-
cinerator will have a higher particulate loading in the flue
gas than a closed system due to the high turbulance in the
air curtain and the open top to the pit.
The original pit type incinerator has been enclosed to
produce an acceptable inplant type system known as the
cyclone incinerator. This unit, usually circular in cross
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.4-2
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section, employs the use of a series of air nozzles in the
primary chamber. Solid waste can be charged into the cham-
ber, ignited, and burned to completion. The length and
diameter of the chamber are a function of both the density
of the charge and the type of material.
(4) Multiple Hearth. This incineration process is used for
wastes that either are too heavy to atomize in a conven-
tional liquid incineration system, or with too low a calor-
ific value to burn properly on a hearth even with controlled
air. The multiple hearth incinerator employs mechanical
agitation to ensure air is provided to all of the waste.
This incineration generally requires large quantities of
auxiliary fuel in order to maintain the temperature within
the system. The multiple hearth incinerator typically
consists of a series of four or more hearths, one above the
other. The sludge feed to the incinerator is admitted on
the top hearth and passes to the lower hearths through
openings in each hearth. Based on the waste properties,
incineration may begin on the top hearth, with the lower
hearths serving to complete combustion and cool the ash. An
alternative method may be applied for some wastes in which
the top hearths serve to dry and preheat the material by
contact with the hot combustion gases, with combustion
beginning at an intermediate hearth. Because the inciner-
ator is mechanical in nature, there generally is a high
maintenance factor.
(5) Fluidized Bed. This incineration process relies upon a bed
of sand or alumina fluidized by hot air to combust the
waste. The combustion air is preheated to ignition temper-
ature and blown upward to fluidize the bed. The waste is
fed into the bed for combustion and the products of combus-
tion pass into a cyclone separator and/or wet scrubber.
This is an excellent incinerator since the waste can be
continually added to the unit and the ash continually re-
moved.
(6) Rotary Kiln. The rotary kiln is a large cylinder rotating
on steel tires turning on trunnions. The kiln is sloped
slightly from the feed to the discharge end so that the
material being processed will move along the length of the
cylinder. A typical configuration of this process has the
waste material charged at the high end of the kiln with
ignition by a burner located at the low end of the kiln.
Burning equipment may be located at the feed end of the kiln
for waste material which does not need drying or preheating
for combustion. The air for combustion is usually pulled
through the kiln by means of an induced draft fan located
downstream from the kiln, afterburner, and scrubber system.
Combustion progresses along the kiln until the unburned
material or ash is discharged into an ash pit at the low end
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.4-3
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of the kiln. The flue gases pass into an afterburner sec-
tion where they are reheated to temperatures of 820 to 980°C
(1500 to 1800°F) to complete combustion.
(7) Rotary Hearth. A rotary hearth furnace is somewhat like the
cyclonic furnace described earlier except that it is ver-
tical instead of horizontal. The hearth rotates in this
incinerator, somewhat like a slow carousel. The waste is
deposited at one point on the hearth and it moves 360° until
it comes around to the feed point again. The ash from the
waste material moves toward the center, or eye, of the
rotary hearth and drops into an ash pit at this point. A
cyclonic flow is.generated in the furnace by a series of
alternating air nozzles and auxiliary fuel burners. These
generally are spaced at equal distances around the periphery
of the cyclindrical body of the furnace so that the air and
the gas flow tangentially into the combustion chamber. The
cool, dense incoming air is held to the outside wall while
the less dense, high temperature products of combustion flow
to the center forming a burning vortex several hundred
degrees hotter than the gases. This provides good mixing
and cooling for the outer wall. The top is conically shaped
which helps to maintain a vortex as the material is turned.
(8) Flash Drying and Incineration. This process is used for the
incineration of a variety of materials when handled in
suspension. Usually the materials handled by a flash drying
incineration system must be light enough to be air conveyed.
The product is fed by screw conveyors directly into the
drying duct. The drying gas may be heated by gas- or oil-
fired burners, or by indirect heat exchangers. The dried
product is separated from the gas stream in a cyclone separ-
ator and bag filter.
Common types of pyrolysis systems available today are described
in detail in the reference [3-63].
Technology Status
Incineration as a method of waste disposal has variable appli-
cation in industrial sludge treatment. Multiple hearth inciner-
ators are the most widely used method of waste incineration
[3-130]. The status of the other methods range from bench scale
technology to full scale industrial application. The use of
incineration also is highly dependent upon the waste to be dis-
posed.
Application
Incineration often is considered by industries to be a final dis-
posal method, because ash disposal typically is handled by a
contract hauler, thus relieving the industry from the burden of
final disposal. Application of industrial incineration generally
will include combustion of cellulose type waste. However, unlike
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.4-4
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municipal incineration systems, industrial incinerators often
have to also handle select chemical wastes in the form of either
solids, sludges, or liquids.
Incineration is used in the following industries for the ultimate
disposal of sludge:
Auto and Other Laundries,
Electrical and Electronic Components,
Explosive Manufacturing,
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing,
Nonferrous Metal Manufacturing,
Organic Chemicals Manufacturing,
Paint and Ink Manufacturing,
Petroleum Refining,
Synthetic Materials Manufacturing,
Pulp and Paper Mills, and
Soap and Detergent.
Most commercial pyrolysis systems are designed either for the
recovery of heat or the generation of a fuel gas which may be
used elsewhere. Most pyrolytic solid waste systems today involve
combustion with a definite deficiency of air. Currently, there
are very few industrial applications in the general field of
waste disposal. Pyrolysis is being seriously considered as a
method of sludge disposal, often as an alternative to inciner-
ation. However, most research on pyrolytic applications has been
for domestic or municipal refuse disposal.
Pyrolysis currently is being used by the following industries:
Machinery and mechanical products,
Electrical and Electronic Components,
Explosives Manufacture,
Plastic and Synthetic Materials, and
Pulp and Paper Mills.
Advantages and Limitations
Advantages of incineration and pyrolysis include the reduction of
the volume and weight of wet sludge by approximately 95%, thereby
facilitating disposal requirements. Also, both processes can
under carefully controlled conditions destroy or reduce toxics
that may otherwise create adverse environmental impacts. This
may be carried out using established data or through the execu-
tion of a pilot scale unit process. Particular care must be
taken to insure an air pollution or solid waste problem is not
generated.
In pyrolysis and starved-air combustion, advantages include a
savings in auxiliary fuels since off-gases are combustible and
typically are burned in a separate afterburner. Also, pyrolysis
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.4-5
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and starved-air combustion systems emit fewer particles than
conventional incinerators, are easier to operate, and may require
less fuel than conventional incineration.
The use of incineration is limited by high energy requirements,
and high capital, operation, and maintenance costs. Also, highly
skilled people often are needed to operate incineration facil-
ities.
Reliability
Incineration and starved-air combustion are reliable processes if
properly designed and operated. Pyrolysis is reliable when used
as a manufacturing process, but little information is available
on pyrolysis being used as a waste reduction or disposal method.
Chemicals Required
No chemicals are required in the combustion process.
Residuals Generated
Both incineration and starved-air combustion result in the pro-
duction of ash suitable for landfilling or other disposal.
Incinerators with air pollution control equipment such as cy-
clones, wet scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and bag
collectors will generate a residual due to the captured fly ash.
Pyrolysis produces three by-products: gases (hydrogen, methane,
and carbon dioxide); liquid (acetic acid, acetone, and methanol);
and char (pure carbon, plus metal or non-organic materials that
are in the original waste).
Design Criteria
Incineration is controlled by three factors: (1) the residence
time of the waste material in the incinerator in contact with
air; (2) the amount of mixing which occurs between the air, which
is the oxidant, and the waste material; and (3) the temperature
at which the reaction takes place.
Many of the industrial wastes which are handled today contain
combustible materials other than carbon and hydrogen. These will
include materials such as sulfur, halogen compounds, phosphorous,
and inorganic salts. Most of these materials will oxidize to
some extent depending on the amount of excess air in the combus-
tion reaction. The oxidized form may present a problem for some
of these materials.
Carbon will oxidize to carbon dioxide where the reaction is
complete (e.g., when the incineration process takes place at
above 980°C (1800°F)). When combustion is below 980°C (1800°F),
carbon monoxide may be formed.
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.4-6
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Sulfur in a waste material will form sulfur dioxide and, under
certain conditions, sulfur trioxide. If sulfur oxides are pres-
ent in a significant quantity in flue gas from an industrial
incinerator, they must be scrubbed with a solution that will
react with the sulfur oxides and form a sulfite or sulfate salt
that can be removed by precipitation and filtration.
Waste materials containing chlorine and fluorine tend to form
flue gases with molecular chlorine and fluorine as components. A
high ratio of hydrogen to carbon is necessary to alleviate this
problem. Chlorine, for example, requires a four to one ratio of
hydrogen to carbon in the feed to insure formation of hydro-
chloric acid. Two methods of hydrolizing the excess halogens are
through the use of additional fuel or the addition of water in
the form of steam, at temperatures in excess of 1090°C (2000°F).
Phosphorus or other nonmetal oxidation reactants also may be
present but are seldom a consideration in either industrial or
municipal solid waste incineration systems [3-63].
The following operations are normally required for the disposal
of solid waste by incineration.
(1) Separation to remove non-combustibles.
(2) Reduction to provide a uniformly sized and consistent feed.
(3) Feeding in either a batch or batch-continuous arrangement.
(4) Primary incineration where the initial burning starts with
air at stoichiometric conditions or just slightly above.
(5) Secondary incineration where additional air is injected to
complete the combustion reaction.
(6) Flue gas treatment with heat exchangers and air pollution
equipment.
For design of pyrolysis facilities, temperature and residence
time within the reactor are the two important variables. Feed
preparation (separation, reduction, and feeding) also is an
important aspect in the operation of pyrolysis.
Performance
Information on performance of incineration and pyrolysis systems
is available in the literature [3-63].
References
3-1, 3-2, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21, 3-26, 3-31, 3-63, 3-74, 3-80,
3-84, 3-118, 3-130.
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.4-7
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III.4.5 STABILIZATION/SOLIDIFICATION
Description
Stabilization/solidification is a technology where a waste
material is mixed with inert materials that tend to set into a
solid, thus capturing the waste within the solid structure.
Waste fixation is for the most part synonymous with stabiliza-
tion/solidification. One of the goals of fixation is usually
the production of a solid material from a semi-liquid waste.
Although the terms solidification and stabilization are usually
used interchangeably, they represent different concepts for the
control of waste materials. Solidification suggests the pro-
duction of a solid, monolithic mass with sufficient structural
integrity to be transported in some conveniently-sized pieces
without requiring any secondary containers. Stabilization
suggests immobilization of toxic substances by reacting them
chemically to form insoluble compounds or perhaps entrapping the
toxic element or compound in a watertight, inert polymer or
stable crystal lattice. Much of the emphasis in stabilization
has been placed in preventing the waste from coming in contact
with water or creating pH and oxidation-reduction conditions
that minimize the solubility of toxic compounds in the waste.
Many fixation systems combine these two ideas by producing an
impermeable mass that isolates the wastes from any surrounding
water (soil-water or groundwater) and at the same time maintains
the chemical conditions (pH and E°) of any water that does enter
the solidified wastes such that the toxic compound is in the
region of minimum solubility (3-121).
Representative Types and Modifications
Present stabilization/solidification or fixation systems can be
grouped into the following seven classes of processes (3-121).
In-depth descriptions of each of the techniques can be found in
the reference.
(1) Solidification through cement addition.
(2) Solidification through the addition of lime or other
pozzolanic materials.
(3) Embedding wastes in thermoplastic materials such as bitumen,
paraffin, or polyethylene.
(4) Solidification by addition of an organic polymer.
(5) Encapsulation of wastes in an inert coating.
Date: 8/31/82 Change 1 111.4.5-1
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(6) Treatment of the wastes to produce a cementitious product
without major additions of other constituents.
(7) Formation of a glass by fusion of wastes with silica
(glassification).
Technology Status
Stabilization/solidification or fixation technologies are well
developed for treatment of industrial wastes.
Application
The stabilization/solidification or fixation process is used
primarily for acidic wastes. Presently this process is used in
the following industries:
Pharmaceutical Manuafacturing, and
Nonferrous Metal Manufacturing.
Advantages and Limitations
The advantages and limitations of each of the seven groups are
listed below separately (3-121):
(1) Cement-based Techniques.
Raw materials are plentiful and inexpensive.
The technology and management of cement mixing and handling
is well known, and the equipment is commonplace, so that
specialized labor is not required.
Extensive drying or dewatering of waste is not required
because cement mixtures require water and the amount of
cement added can be adapted to a wide range of water
contents.
The system is very tolerant of chemical variation. The
natural alkalinity of the cement can neutralize acids.
Cement is not affected by strong oxidizers such as nitrates
or chlorates. Pretreatment is required only for materials
that retard the setting reactions of cement.
Leaching characteristics can be improved where necessary by
coating the resulting product with sealant.
Variation in the amount of cement used can produce very
high bearing capacities making the waste concrete good
sub-grade and sub-foundation material.
Date: 8/31/82 Change 1 III.4.5-2
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Relatively large amounts of cement are required for most
fixing processes. However this may, in part, be off-set by
the low cost of material. The weight and volume of the
final product is normally about double that of other solid-
ification processes.
Uncoated cement-based products may require a well-designed
landfill for burial. Experience in radioactive waste dis-
posal indicates that some wastes are leached from concrete,
especially by mildly acidic leaching solutions.
Extensive pretreatment, or higher cost cement types or
additives may be necessary for wastes containing large
amounts of impurities which affect the setting and curing
of the waste-concrete (such as borates and sulfates).
The alkalinity of cement drives off ammonium ion as ammonia
gas.
Cement is an energy-intensive material.
(2) Lime-based Techniques.
The materials are often very low in costs and widely avail-
able.
Little specialized equipment is required for processing as
lime is a common additive (to neutralize wastes) in other
streams.
The chemistry of lime-pozzolanic reactions is relatively
well-known.
Extensive dewatering is not necessary because water is
required in the setting reaction.
Lime and other additives add to the weight and bulk to be
transported and/or landfilled.
Uncoated lime-fixed materials may require specially de-
signed landfills to guarantee that pollutants do not leach.
(3) Thermoplastic-based Techniques
The leachate loss rates are significantly lower than those
observed with cement-based systems.
Disposal of the wastes in a dry condition greatly reduces
the overall volume of the waste.
Most matrix materials are very resistant to attack by
aqueous solutions. Microbial degradation is minimal.
Date: 8/31/82 Change 1 III.4.5-3
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Most matrices adhere well to incorporated materials.
Materials embedded in a thermoplastic matrix can be re-
claimed if needed.
Expensive and complicated equipment requiring highly
specialized labor is necessary for processing.
These systems cannot be used with materials that decompose
at high temperatures, especially citrates and certain types
of plastics.
There is a risk of fire in working with organic materials
such as bitumen at elevated temperatures.
During heating, some mixes can release objectionable oils
and odors causing secondary air pollution.
Waste material must be dried, since incorporating wet
wastes greatly increases losses through leaching.
The incorporation of tetraborates or iron and aluminum
salts in bitumen matrices causes premature hardening and
can clog and damage mixing equipment.
Strong oxidizers usually cannot be incorporated into organic
materials without oxidizing reactions occurring. High con-
centrations of strong oxidizers at elevated processing
temperatures can cause fires.
Dehydrated salts incorporated in a thermoplastic matrix
will slowly rehydrate if the mixture is soaked in water.
The rehydrated salt will expand the mixture and cause the
waste block to fragment.
The plasticity of matrix-waste mixtures may require that
containers be provided for transportation and disposal of
the material.
(4) Organic Polymer Technique.
Less fixative is required for solidifying the same amount
of waste. The waste-to-fixative ratio is usually about 30%
greater using an organic polymer than using cement.
The waste material treated is usually dewatered, but not
necessarily dried. The finished, solidified polymer,
however, must be dried before ultimate disposal.
The organic resin used is consistently less dense (specific
gravity is approximately 1.3) than cement. The low density
Date: 8/31/82 Change 1 III.4.5-4
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reduces the transportation costs related to the fixative
and fixed product.
The solidified resin is non-flammable and high temperatures
are hot required for forming the resin.
No chemical reactions occur in the solidification system
that chemically bind the potential pollutants. The par-
ticles of waste material are trapped in an organic resin
matrix.
Catalysts used in the Urea-formaldehyde (UF) systems are
strongly acidic and the waste-UF mixture must be maintained
at pH 1.5 / 0.5 for solidification to occur in a rapid
manner. The low pH can put many waste materials into
solution. If the pH is not lowered to 1.5, the polymeriza-
tion is slow, solids will settle out, and the fixed material
will not be trapped effectively.
Uncombined or weep water is often associated with poly-
merized waste. This must be allowed to evaporate to pro-
duce a fully-cured polymer. The weep water may be strongly
acidic and may contain high levels of pollutants. Waste
mixtures shrink as they age and will produce weep water
during aging.
Some catalysts used in polymerization are highly corrosive
and-require special mixing equipment and container liners.
The reactions producing the resin may release fumes that
can be harmful or disagreeable even in low concentrations.
Some cured resins are biodegradable according to several
manufacturers.
Secondary containment in steel drums is common practice in
organic resin-waste fixation. This raises costs in pro-
cessing and transportation.
(5) Encapsulation Techniques
The major advantage of an encapsulation process is that the
waste material never comes in contact with water, so very
soluble materials, such as sodium chloride, can be success-
fully encapsulated. The impervious jacket eliminates all
leaching into contacting water as long as the jacket remains
intact.
The resins required for encapsulating are expensive.
The process requires large expenditures of energy in drying,
fusing the binder, and forming the jacket.
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Polyethylene is combustible with a flash point of 250°C
making fires a hazard.
The system requires extensive capital investments in equip-
ment.
Skilled labor is required to operate molding and fusing
equipment.
(6) Self-cementing Techniques.
No major additives have to be manufactured and shipped to
the processing site.
The process is reported to produce faster setting times and
more rapid curing than comparable lime-based systems.
The material produced is stable, non-flammable and non-
biodegradable .
There are reports of effective heavy metal retention perhaps
related to chemical bonding of potential pollutants.
These systems do not require completely dry waste, since
the hydration reaction consumes water.
Only high sulfate or high sulfite sludges can be used.
Self-cemented sludges have much the same leaching charac-
teristics as cement and lime-based systems.
Additional energy is required to produce the calcined
cementitious material.
The process requires skilled labor and expensive machinery
in calcining waste and mixing the calcined waste with
additives to produce the fixed waste.
(7) Classification.
The process is assumed to produce a high degree of contain-
ment of wastes.
The additives used are relatively inexpensive (silica
materials and lime).
The process is energy-intensive, with heating of the charge
to 1350°C required to produce a satisfactory melt.
Some constituents, especially metals, may be vaporized
before they combine with the molten silica in the glass.
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Specialized equipment and trained personnel are required
for this type of operation.
Reliability
Large numbers of solidification/stabilization or fixation methods
are now available or are under development. Their reliability
must be established on a case by case basis. Processes developed
specifically to handle organic-contaminated inorganic wastes and
organic wastes with metals contamination have posed problems in
the past, thereby effectively limiting solidification to inorganic
wastes (3-48).
Chemicals Required
Chemicals usually are required when waste pretreatment is
necessary, and during the stabilization/ solidification process.
The chemicals during pretreatment include lime and organic
polymer. The solidification agents may include: cement; cement
mixed with clay, vermiculite, or sodium silicate; lime; lime
mixed with a fine grained siliceous (pozzolanic) material;
thermoplastic (including bitumen, paraffin and polyethylene);
organic polymers; acetone solution of modified 1, 2-poly-
butadiene; silica; and glass.
Residuals Generated
The technique of fixation or stabilization/solidification pro-
duces solidification wastes that need to be finally disposed.
The characteristics of these wastes depend upon the type of
fixation and solidification method employed.
Design Criteria
Selection of any particular technique for waste fixation must
include careful consideration of the containment required, the
cost of processing, the increase in bulk of material, and the
changes in handling characteristics. The design and location of
any landfill that will eventually receive the fixed waste are
also major considerations in deciding on the degree of contain-
ment and the physical properties which will be required. Special
consideration in these sytems is required to ensure that the
legal and technical requirements of the Resource Conservation
and Reclamation Act (RCRA) are met.
The stabilization/solidification process typically will include
the following operations (3-48):
Collection of waste. Some plants may segregate the wastes
to be solidified. The blending of the wastes will affect
the process chosen for pretreatment and solidification.
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Pretreatment of waste. Physical pretreatment required may
include decanting, dewatering, evaporation or calcination,
cyanide destruction, neutralization, or chromium reduction.
Chemical treatment prior to solidification may be required
for some processes.
Addition of solidification agent. Each stabilization/
solidification technique (discussed earlier) will have a
requirement for adding the agent. The amount of additive
probably will be dictated on the lower end by the speci-
fications required to pass the structural integrity pro-
cedure. Other specifications may be required depending
upon the end use of the material.
Mixing/packaging systems. Solidification is often con-
ducted either in a container or by in-line mixing with
containerized or uncontainerized discharge. In-container
mixing of the waste and solidification agent can be accom-
plished with roller mixers, tumbler mixers, or kettle
mixers. In-line mixing is accomplished either by dynamic
or batch mixing. If containers are used, they must still
be inspected, monitored, and labeled. Uncontainerized
release is directed to the disposal facility.
Disposal. The disposal site must meet current RCRA re-
quirements .
Performance
Performance data are available in the literature (3-121)
Included in that document (as an appendix) is the list of com-
panies that solidify or fix hazardous industrial wastes, or sell
fixation materials or equipment. Also included is a very brief
description of each company's fixing process, the waste which
they can and cannot stabilize, the approximate costs of the
process, and the past experience of the company.
References
3-2, 3-29, 3-48, 3-72, 3-121.
Date: 8/31/82 Change 1 III.4.5-8
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III.4.6 LAND DISPOSAL
Description
Landfilling is the most widely used method to dispose of indus-
trial sludge, which is a type of solid waste. Under the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 as amended (RCRA),
solid waste is divided into two categories -- hazardous waste
and other solid waste. Hence, industrial landfills can be
divided into: (1) landfills used for the disposal of non-
hazardous waste; and (2) landfills used for the disposal of
hazardous waste. RCRA identifies hazardous waste on the basis
of four measurable characteristics for which standard tests are
available. They are: (1) ignitability; (2) corrosivity; (3)
reactivity; and (4) EP toxicity.
The landfill of non-hazardous wastewater treatment byproducts
may include processed sludge, screenings, grit, and ash. This
involves the planned burial of these materials at a controlled
site. Landspreading is a general practice of utilizing sludge
wastes as a soil conditioner. This involves the spreading and
incorporation of suitable waste materials into the root zone of
agricultural soils. Landfilling is only a disposal method.
Landspreading may also result in resource recovery if the waste
contains materials that are utilized in the environment.
Landfill of hazardous waste is controlled under regulations
established under the authority of RCRA. Specific guidance
material is being developed by USEPA to describe the acceptable
control technologies and practices for hazardous wastes [3-129].
Representative Types and Modifications
Landfilling of non-hazardous wastes typically has used the
trench method; area method; or a combination of the two, often
called ramp method [3-63]. These generally are used at public
disposal sites for general (non-hazardous) solid wastes, but the
techniques used are in general applicable to any disposal site.
These methods each involve spreading, compacting, and covering
the waste material. In trench disposal, a trench or hole is dug
into the ground, the waste is placed in the trench, and the soil
removed from the trench used as cover. Trench disposal is
utilized when there is no water table problem, and is best
suited for flat or gently sloping land. Area disposal is used
when trench disposal is not possible. In this method, the waste
is spread and compacted on an existing ground surface, and cover
soil is spread and compacted over the waste. Usually the cover
soil is hauled in or obtained from adjacent areas. With ramp
disposal, the waste is spread and compacted on a slope and then
covered with soil that has been obtained by excavating in front
of the working space. For non-hazardous industrial wastes, the
trench disposal method is used widely.
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.6-1
-------
Hazardous waste land disposal facilities require a much greater
level of control than the non-hazardous facility. Key elements
of this control include the segregation of the waste completely
from the environment, monitoring the nearby environment to
ensure segregation is complete, and maintaining surveillance at
the site to ensure long-term segregation and corresponding
environmental protection. Detailed requirements must be satis-
fied by a hazardous waste disposal facility, as described in 40
CFR .Parts 260-267.
Landspreading of non-hazardous materials may be accomplished in
a number of ways. One method includes driving a tank truck over
a field and allowing the waste to dribble out the back. Another
variation is pressurized spraying from the side or back of a
truck. If dewatered sludge is applied, the method usually is
spreading by tractor followed by disking in the soil. Unlike
other sludges which are spread or sprayed from tank wagons on
croplands, oily industrial solids are cultivated directly into
soils.
Technology Status
Landfilling of non-hazardous wastes is a well developed technol-
ogy. Landspreading of non-hazardous waste (e.g., utilizing
industrial sludge as a soil conditioner) is a well developed
technology.
Application
Landfilling has been reported in the following industries for
the disposal of non-hazardous sludge:,
Auto and Other Laundries,
Leather Tanning and Finishing,
Battery Manufacturing,
Coil Coating,
Electrical and Electronic Components,
Foundries (metal molding and casting),
Photo Processing,
Porcelain Enameling, and
Paint and Ink Manufacturing.
Landspreading has been reported in the following industries for
the disposal of non-hazardous sludge:
Leather Tanning and Finishing,
Explosives Manufacturing,
Petroleum Refining,
Pulp and Paper Mills, and
Soap and Detergent.
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.6-2
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Advantages and Limitations
Where land is available, a landfill is usually the most econom-
ical method of non-hazardous sludge disposal. Landfilling of
non-hazardous waste also is a complete or final disposal method
for the industry, as compared to incineration and composting
where residues remain and require further disposal.
The use of landfills is subject to their proper site selection,
preparation, and operation. When they are not properly used,
then excessive odors, unsightliness, and pollution of surface
and groundwaters can occur. Improper siting and excavation of a
landfill can significantly alter patterns of erosion and sedimen-
tation.
Landspreading of certain non-hazardous wastes has as a principal
benefit the improved soil productivity and fertility from addi-
tion of nutrients to the soil. During inclement weather condi-
tions, sludge cannot be placed on land, prompting the need for
adequate storage facilities. The use of storage facilities
creates a potential for odor nuisance and the need to handle
sludge more than once. The landspreading of industrial wastes
also may lead to the concentration of metals in crops or other
bioaccumulation of trace pollutants.
Reliability
Land disposal of non-hazardous waste by either landfilling or
landspreading can be very reliable when the facilities are
properly sited, designed, constructed, operated, and managed.
However, there is a tendency to avoid utilization of sludge
because of past unsuccessful practices. The potential use of
industrial sludges is dictated by economics and by the tech-
nological advances needed to perfect the process to separate the
desired materials within the sludges.
Chemicals Required
Chemicals usually are not required in the land disposal process.
Design Criteria
The design of non-hazardous waste disposal sites must address:
Method of landfilling or landspreading and the site
characteristics (e.g., soils, groundwater, subsurface geology,
climate, and land use).
Amount and type of waste to be disposed.
Chemical and physical characteristics of the waste.
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.6-3
-------
Acreage required during land spreading (which is deter-
mined by the parameter limiting the application rate).
Type of crop to be grown when land spreading is utilized.
Monitoring program for the landspread or landfill site.
Land disposal of hazardous waste must address the following
criteria established by RCRA [3-129].
(1) Each impoundment, pile, or landfill (except existing
portions) must have a liner that is designed and
installed to prevent any migration of wastes out of
the unit to the adjacent subsurface soil or ground
water or surface water throughout the active life of
the unit.
(2) To minimize the potential for release of hazardous
constituents both during the unit's active life and
after the unit is closed:
a. Piles and landfills must have leachate collection
and removal systems (during their active lives
and, after closure, until leachate is no longer
detected), as well as measures to prevent run-on
of liquids into the unit.
b. Surface impoundments must have all wastes and
waste residues either removed or solidified at
closure. Piles must have all wastes and waste
residues removed at closure.
(3) To further minimize post-closure leaching of hazardous
constituents, any unit in which hazardous constituents
are not entirely removed or decontaminated at closure
must have a final cover (cap) placed on top to mini-
mize the percolation of liquids into the unit. The
cap must be maintained until the end of the post-
closure period.
The trench method of disposal is recognized as being an effec-
tive means of hazardous waste land disposal.
Performance
Information on industrial sludge disposal systems that use
landfilling are documented in the literature [3-53, 3-63, 3-118,
3-123, 3-124].
References
3-1, 3-11, 3-12, 3-13, 3-14, 3-16, 3-17, 3-18, 3-19, 3-20, 3-21,
3-31, 3-53, 3-63, 3-70, 3-72, 3-82, 3-118, 3-123, 3-124, 3-129.
Date: 11/22/82 Change 2 III.4.6-4
-------
III.5 REFERENCES
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Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-1
-------
source category; steel making subcategory, vacuum degas-
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Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-2
-------
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-------
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Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-4
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Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-5
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Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 111.5-8 *****
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Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-10
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3-85. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for inorganic chemicals manufacturing point
source category - BATEA, NSPS, and pretreatment standards.
Contract No. 68/01/4492. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1979. Variously paginated.
3-86. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft technical
report for revision of steam electric effluent limita-
tions guidelines. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, D.C.; 1978. 607 pp.
3-87. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft contractor's
engineering report for development of effluent limitations
guidelines for the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
(BATEA, NSPS, BCT, BMP, Pretreatment). Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
Variously paginated.
3-88. Coco, J.H., E. Klein, D. Rowland, J.H. Mayes, W.A. Myers,
E. Pratz, C.J. Romero, and F.H. Yocum. Development of
treatment and control technology for refractory petro-
chemical wastes (draft report). Project No. S80073; U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ada, OK. 220 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-11
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3-89. Klieve, J.R., and G.D. Rawlings. Source assessment:
textile plant wastewater toxics study phase II. Contract
No. 68/02/1874; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.;
1979. 127 pp.
3-90. Rawlings, G.D. Source assessment: textile plant waste-
water toxics study phase I. EPA-600/2-78/004h. Prepared
for Office of Energy, Minerals and Industry, IERL, Research
Triangle Park, NC; 1979. 153 pp.
3-91. Davis, H.J., F.S. Model, and J.R. Leal. PBI reverse
osmosis membrane for chromium plating rinse water.
EPA-600/2-78/040. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research
and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1978. 28 pp.
3-92. Chian, E.S.K., M.N. Aschauer, and H.H.P. Fang. Evalua-
tion of new reverse osmosis membranes for the separation
of toxic compounds from wastewater. Contract No. DADA
17-73-C-3025. U.S. Army Medical Research and Development
Command, Washington, D.C.; 1975. 309 pp.
3-93. Bollyky, L.J. Ozone treatment of cyanide-bearing plating
waste. EPA-600/2-77/104. Prepared for IERL, Cincinnati,
OH; 1977. 43 pp.
3-94. Kleper, M.H., R.L. Goldsmith, and A.Z. Gollan. Demon-
stration of ultrafiltration and carbon adsorption for
treatment of industrial laundering wastewater. EPA-660/
2-78/177. Prepared for IERL, Office of Research and
Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1978. 109 pp.
3-95. Kleper, M.H., R.L. Goldsmith, T.V. Tran, D.H. Steiner, J.
Pecevich, and M.A. Sakillaris. Treatment of wastewaters
from adhesives and sealants manufacturing by ultrafil-
tration. EPA-600/2-78/176. U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH; 1978.
3-96. McNulty, K.J., R.L. Goldsmith, A. Gollan, S. Hossain, and
D. Grant. Reverse osmosis field test: treatment of
copper cyanide rinse waters. EPA-600/2-77/107. Prepared
for IERL, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH; 1977. 89 pp.
3-97. Brunotts, V.A., R.S. Lynch, and G.R. Van Stone. Granular
carbon handles concentrated waste. Chemical Engineering
Progress 6(8) :81-84; 1973.
3-98. Anonymous, Putting powdered carbon in wastewater treat-
ment. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. II (9);
1977.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-12
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3-99. De, J, and B. Paschal. The effectiveness of granular
activated carbon in treatability of municipal and indus-
trial wastewaters. In: Third National Conference on
Complete Water Reuse, AIChE and EPA Technology Transfer.
pp. 204-211.
3-100. De, J, B. Paschal, and A. D. Adams. Treatment of oil
refinery wastewaters with granular and powdered activated
carbon. In: Thirtieth Industrial Waste Conference,
Purdue University, IN; 1975. pp. 216-232.
3-101. Argaman Y., and C. L. Weddle. Fate of heavy metals in
physical treatment processes. In: Water 1973 AIChE sym-
posium series, Vol. 70 No. 136. 1974.
3-102. Brandon, C.A., and J. J. Porter. Hyperfiltration for
renovation of textile finishing plant wastewater.
EPA-600/2-76/060. Prepared for IERL, Office of Energy,
Minerals and Industry, Research Triangle Park, NC; 1976.
147 pp.
3-103. Petersen, R. J., and K. E. Cobian. New membranes for
treating metal finishing effluents by reverse osmosis.
EPA-600/2-76/197. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH; 1976. 59 pp.
3-104. Lang, W. C., J. H. Crozier, F.P. Drace, and K.H. Pearson.
Industrial wastewater reclamation with a 400,000-gallon-
per-day vertical tube evaporator. EPA-600/2-76/260.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Oh;
1976. 90 pp.
3-105. Study of effectiveness of activated carbon technology for
the removal of specific materials from organic chemical
processes. EPA Contract No. 68-03-2610. Final report on
pilot operations at USS chemical, Nevella.
3-106. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Selected biodegrada-
tion techniques for treatment and/or ultimate disposal
of organic materials. EPA-600/2-79/006. Prepared for
IERL, Cincinnati, OH; 1973. 377 pp.
3-107. Rawlings, G. D. Evaluation of hyperfiltration treated
textile wastewaters. Contract No. 68-02/1874. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and
Development, Washington, D.C. 1978.
3-108. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Extraction of
chemical pollutants from industrial wastewaters with
volatile solvents. EPA-600/2-76/220. Prepared for
RSKERL, Office of Research and Development, Ada, OK;
1976. 510 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 111.5-13
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3-109. Treatment and recovery of fluoride industrial wastes.
EPA-600/2-73/024. No. PB 234 447, Grumman Aerospace
Corporation, Bethpage, NY, 1974.
3-110. Priority pollutant treatability review, industrial sam-
pling and assessment. Contract No. 68-03/2579. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH; 1978.
47 pp.
3-111. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effects of liquid
detergent plant effluent on the rotating biological
contactors. EPA-600/2-78/129. Prepared for IERL, Office
of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1978. 58
pp.
3-112. Olem, H. The rotating biological contactor for biochemi-
cal ferrous iron oxidation in the treatment of coal mine
drainage. No. W77-05337, Penn State University, Prepared
for U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Water Research
and Technology, Washington, D.C.; 1975.
3-113. Hamilton Standard. Compilation of lime and settling
performance data base. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1980.
3-114. Ekenfelder, W.W. Water quality for practicing engineers.
Barnes and Noble, New York; 1970.
3-115. Kleper, M.H., Arye Z. Gollan, R.L. Goldsmith, and K.J.
McNulty. Assessment of BATEA synthetic rubber manu-
facturing wastewater. EPA-600/2-78/192. Prepared for
IERL Office of Research and Development Cincinnati, OH;
August, 1978; 182 pp.
3-116. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the petroleum refining point source cate-
gory. EPA-440/l-79/014b. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1979. 366 pp.
3-117. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Status report on
the treatment and recycle of wastewaters from the car
wash industry (draft contractor's report). Contract
68-01-5767. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington,
D.C., 1979.
3-118. Borchardt, J.A., W.J. Redman, G.E. Jones, and R.T. Spraque.
Sludge and its ultimate disposal. Ann Arbor, MI; 1981.
286 pp.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-14
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3-119. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for interim final effluent limitations guidelines
and proposed new source performance standards for the
explosives manufacturing point source category. EPA
440/1-76/ 006-j. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1976. 215 pp.
3-120. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project recommenda-
tions for the soap and detergent manufacturing industry
(SIC 2814) BAT/Toxics Study. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1976. 26 pp.
3-121. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Survey of solidifi-
cation/ stabilization technology for hazardous industrial
wastes. EPA-600/2-79/056. Cincinnati, OH, 1979. Vari-
ously paginated.
3-122. Weishaar, Michael F. 1981. Letter, Michael F. Weishaar,
Manager of Environmental Affairs, Monsanto, to John
Fahrenthold, USEPA, August 5, 1981. 12 pp.
3-123. Dotson, G.K.; R.B. Dean, W.B. Cooke, and B.A. Kenner.
Land spreading, a conserving and non-polluting method of
disposing of oily wastes. Proc. 5th Int. Water Pollution
Res. Conf., Pergamon Press, New York, NY; 1971.
3-124. Francke, H.C., and F.E. Clark. Disposal of oil wastes by
microbial assimilation. Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge,
TN; 1974
3-125. Schimel, C., and D.B. Griffin. Treatment and disposal of
complex industrial wastes. EPA-600/2-76/123. Prepared
for IERL, Office Research and Development, Cincinnati,
OH. Nov. 1976.
3-126. Vesiland, P.A. Treatment and disposal of wastewater
sludges. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. Ann Arbor,
MI; 1980-. 323 pp.
3-127. Dick, R.I., and K.W. Young. Analysis of thickening
performance of final settling tanks, 27th Purdue University
Industrial Waste Conference. Lafayette, IN; 1972.
3-128. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Data gathered for
ORD Treatability Manual for Leather Tanning and Finishing
Industry. USEPA EGD, June 1982. Variously paginated.
3-129. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Hazardous Waste.
40 CFR Parts 122, 260, 264, 265. July 26, 1982.
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-15
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3-130. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the ore mining and dressing point source
category. EPA-440/l-82/061b. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.;
1982.
3-131. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Industrial site
visit sheets (on record), gum and wood chemicals manufac-
turing. Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.;
1978.
3-132. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the iron and steel manufacturing point source category;
general. EPA-440/1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1982. 600 pp. Volume I.
3-133. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and stan-
dards for the iron and steel manufacturing point source
category; coke making, sintering, and iron making.
EPA-440/1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1982. 435 pp. Volume II.
3-134. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the iron and steel manufacturing point source category;
steelmaking, vacuum degassing, and continuous casting.
EPA-440/1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1982. 468 pp. Volume III.
3-135. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the iron and steel manufacturing point source category;
hot forming. EPA-440/1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1982. 367 pp. Volume IV.
3-136. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the iron and steel manufacturing point source category;
salt bath descaling, acid pickling. EPA-440/1-82/024.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of
Water Regulations and Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1982.
505 pp. Volume V. .
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-16
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3-137. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the iron and steel manufacturing point source category;
cold forming, alkaline cleaning, and hot coating. EPA-440/
1-82/024. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Washington,
B.C.; 1982. 591 pp. Volume VI.
3-138. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and stan-
dards for the inorganic chemicals manufacturing points
source category. EPA-440/1-82/007. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water Regulations and
Standards, Washington, D.C.; 1982.
3-139. King C. Judson and N. Lawrence Ricker. Solvent extrac-
tion of wastewater from acetic-acid manufacture. EPA-600/
2-80/064. Prepared for RSKERL, Office of Research and
Development, Ada, OK; 1980. 171 pp.
3-140. Brandon, Craig A. Closed-cycle textile dyeing full-scale
hyperfiltration demonstration (design). EPA-600/2-80/055.
Prepared for IERL, Office of Environmental Engineering
and Technology, Research Triangle Park, NC; 1980. 103 pp.
3-141. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Industrial site
visit sheets (on record), iron and steel manufacturing.
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1978-1979.
3-142. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Industrial site
visit sheets (on record) inorganic chemicals manufacturing.
Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington D.C.; 1978.
3-143. Miller, R.D., E.D. Smith, and Y.C. Yu. First national
symposium/workshop on rotating biological contactor
technology. EPA-600/9-80/046a. Prepared for MERL,
Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH; 1980.
3-144. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the gum and wood chemicals manufacturing
point source category. EPA-440/l-79/078b. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979. 246 pp.
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1984 0 - 432-454(Vol III)
Date: 1/24/83 R Change 2 III.5-17
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