EPA-
TREATABILITY MANUAL
VOLUME I. Treatability Data
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
February 1983
(Reprinted)
600282001A
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PREFACE
In January, 1979, USEPA's Office of Enforcement and Office of Water
and Waste Management requested help from the Office of Research
and Development in compiling wastewater treatment performance
data into a "Treatability Manual."
A planning group was set up to manage this activity under the
chairmanship of William Cawley, Deputy Director, Industrial
Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati. The group in-
cludes participants from: 1) the Industrial Environmental
Research Laboratory - Cincinnati; 2) Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion; 3) Office of Water Enforcement and Permits; 4) Municipal
Environmental Research Laboratory - Cincinnati; 5) R.S. Kerr,
Environmental Research Laboratory - Ada; 6 Industrial Environ-
mental Research Laboratory - Research Triangle Park; 7) WAPORA,
Incorporated; and 8) Burke-Hennessy Associates, Incorporated.
The objectives of this program are :
• to provide readily accessible data and information on
treatability of industrial waste streams;
• to provide a basis for research planning by identifying
gaps in knowledge of the treatability of certain pollut-
ants and waste streams.
The primary output from this program is a five volume Treatabil-
ity Manual. This was first published in June 1980, with revisions
made in. September 1981 and August 1982. This publication re-
places Volume I in its entirety, and updates Volumes II, III,
IV, and V. The individual volumes are named as follows:
Volume I
Volume II
Volume III -
Volume IV -
Volume V
Treatability Data
Industrial Descriptions
Technologies
Cost Estimating (In the process of re-
vision for later publication)
Summary
11
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The development of this revision to the Treatability Manual has
resulted from efforts of a large number of people. It is the
collection of contributions from throughout the Environmental
Protection Agency, particularly from the Office of Water Enforce-
ment, Office of Water and Waste Management, and the Office of
Research and Development. Equally important to its success were
the efforts of the employees of WAPORA, Inc., and Burke-Hennessy
Associates, Inc., who participated in this operation.
A list of names of contributors would not adequately acknowledge
the effort expended in the development of the manual. This
document exists because of the major contributions of numerous
individuals within EPA and the EPA contractors, including:
Effluent Guidelines Division
Office of Water Regulations and Standards, Office of
Water
Permits Division
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits, Office of
Water
National Enforcement Investigation Center
Office of Enforcement
Office of Research and Development
Center for Environmental Research Information
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH
As Committee Chairman, I would like to express my sincere appre-
ciation to the Committee Members and others who contributed to
the success of this effort.
William A. Cawley, Deputy Director,
lERL-Ci
Chairman, Treatability Coordination
Committee
111
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CONTENTS
Preface ii
Acknowledgement iii
List of Pages * xi
I.I Introduction 1.1-1
1.2 Pollutant Selection 1.2-1
1.3 Deleted
1.4 Metals and Inorganics 1.4-1
Antimony 1.4.1-1
Arsenic 1.4.2-1
Asbestos 1.4.3-1
Beryllium 1.4.4-1
Cadmium 1.4.5-1
Chromium 1.4.6-1
Copper 1.4.7-1
Cyanides (total) 1.4.8-1
Lead 1.4.9-1
Mercury 1.4.10-1
Nickel 1.4.11-1
Selenium 1.4.12-1
Silver 1.4.13-1
Thallium 1.4.14-1
Zinc 1.4.15-1
1.5 Ethers 1.5-1
Bis(chloromethyl) ether 1.5.1-1
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether 1.5.2-1
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether 1.5.3-1
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether 1.5.4-1
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether 1.5.5-1
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 1.5.6-1
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane 1.5.7-1
1.6 Phthalates 1.6-1
Dimethyl phthalate 1.6.1-1
Diethyl phthalate 1.6.2-1
Di-n-butyl phthalate 1.6.3-1
Di-n-octyl phthalate 1.6.4-1
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1.6.5-1
Butyl benzyl phthalate 1.6.6-1
1.7 Nitrogen Compounds 1.7-1
N-nitrosodimethylamine 1.7.1-1
N-nitrosodiphenylamine 1.7.2-1
N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine. . . 1.7.3-1
Benzidine 1.7.4-1
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 1.7.5-1
1, 2-Diphenylhydrazine 1.7.6-1
Acrylonitrile 1.7.7-1
Date: 1/24/83
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CONTENTS (continued)
1.7 Nitrogen Compounds (continued)
Butylamine 1.7.8-1
Diethylamine. ... 1.7.9-1
Ethylenediamine . 1.7.10-1
Monoethylamine 1.7.11-1
Monomethylamine 1.7.12-1
Triethylamine 1.7.13-1
Trimethylamine 1.7.14-1
1.8 Phenols 1.8-1
Phenol 1.8.1-1
2-Chlorophenol. ...... . 1.8.2-1
2,4-Dichlorophenol 1.8.3-1
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 1.8.4-1
Pentachlorophenol . . 1.8.5-1
2-Nitrophenol 1.8.6-1
4-Nitrophenol 1.8.7-1
2,4-Dinitrophenol 1.8.8-1
Resorcinol 1.8.9-1
2 , 4-Dimethylphenol 1.8.10-1
Total phenols 1.8.11-1
p-Chloro-m-cresol 1.8.12-1
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 1.8.13-1
Cresol 1.8.14-1
1.9 Aromatics 1.9-1
Benzene 1.9.1-1
Chlorobenzene .... 1.9.2-1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1.9.3-1
1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1.9.4-1
1,4-Dichlorobenzene ' 1.9.5-1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1.9.6-1
Hexachlorobenzene 1.9.7-1
Ethylbenzene. . . 1.9.8-1
Nitrobenzene 1.9.9-1
Toluene 1.9,10-1
2,4-Dinitrotoluene 1.9.11-1
2,6-Dinitrotoluene 1.9.12-1
Aniline 1.9.13-1
Benzoic acid 1.9,14-1
Benzyl chloride 1.9.15-1
Styrene 1.9.16-1
Quinoline ... 1.9.17-1
Xylenes 1.9.18-1
Nitrotoluene 1.9.19-1
Naphthenic acid 1.9.20-1
1.10 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons 1.10-1
2-Chloronaphthalene k I.10.1-1
Benzo(a)anthracene 1.10.2-1
Benzo(b)fluoranthene. . 1.10.3-1
Benzo(k)fluoranthene. ..... 1.10.4-1
Date: 1/24/83 vi
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CONTENTS (continued)
I.10 Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (continued)
Benzo( a)pyrene . . 1.10.5-1
Indeno(l/2/3-cd)pyrene 1.10.6-1
Dibenzo(ah)anthracene 1.10.7-1
Benzo( ghi )perylene 1.10.8-1
Acenaphthene 1.10.9-1
Acenaphthylene 1.10.10-1
Anthracene 1.10.11-1
Chrysene 1.10.12-1
Fluoranthene 1.10.13-1
Fluorene 1.10.14-1
Naphthalene 1.10.15-1
Phenanthrene 1.10.16-1
Pyrene 1.10.17-1
I . 11 PCB's and Related Compounds 1.11-1
Aroclor 1016 1.11.1-1
Aroclor 1221 1.11.2-1
Aroclor 1232 1.11.3-1
Aroclor 1242 1.11.4-1
Aroclor 1248 1.11.5-1
Aroclor 1254 1.11.6-1
Aroclor 1260 1.11.7-1
1.12 Halogenated Hydrocarbons 1.12-1
Methyl chloride 1.12.1-1
Methylene chloride 1.12.2-1
Chloroform. . . 1.12.3-1
Carbon tetrachloride. . . 1.12.4-1
Chloroethane 1.12.5-1
1, 1-Dichloroethane 1.12.6-1
1,2-Dichloroethane 1.12.7-1
1,1,1-Trichloroethane . 1.12.8-1
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1.12.9-1
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1.12.10-1
Hexachloroethane 1.12.11-1
Vinyl chloride 1.12.12-1
1,2-Dichloropropane 1.12.13-1
1,3-Dichloropropene 1.12.14-1
Hexachlorobutadiene 1.12.15-1
Hexachlprocyclopentadiene 1.12.16-1
Methyl bromide 1.12.17-1
Dichlorobromomethane 1.12.18-1
Chlorodibromomethane 1.12.19-1
Bromoform 1.12.20-1
Dichlorodif luoromethane 1.12.21-1
Trichlorofluoromethane 1.12.22-1
Trichloroethylene 1.12.23-1
1,1-Dichloroethylene 1.12.24-1
1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene 1.12.25-1
Tetrachloroethylene 1.12.26-1
Date: 1/24/83 vii
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CONTENTS (continued)
1.12 Halogenated Hydrocarbons (continued)
Allyl chloride 1,12.27-1
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid 1.12.28-1
Phosgene 1.12.29-1
Ethylene dibromide . 1.12.30-1
Epichlorohydrin 1.12.31-1
1.13 Pesticides 1.13-1
a-Endosulfan 1.13.1-1
Endosulfan sulfate 1.13.2-1
P-Endosulfan 1.13.3-1
o-BHC 1.13.4-1
B-BHC 1.13.5-1
6-BHC 1.13.6-1
2T-BHC 1.13.7-1
Aldrin . 1.13.8-1
Dieldrin . 1.13.9-1
4,4'DDE ..... 1.13.10-1
4,4'DDT 1.13.11-1
4,4'DDD . . 1.13.12-1
Endrin 1.13.13-1
Kelthane 1.13.14-1
Naled 1.13.15-1
Dichlone 1.13.16-1
Kepone 1.13.17-1
Diuron 1.13.18-1
Endrin aldehyde 1.13.19-1
Heptachlor 1.13.20-1
Heptachlor epoxide 1.13.21-1
Carbofuran 1.13.22-1
Mercaptodimethur 1.13.23-1
Chlordane. ......... , . 1.13.24-1
Toxaphene 1.13.25-1
Captan ... 1.13.26-1
Carbaryl 1.13.27-1
Coumaphos 1.13.28-1
Diazinon .... 1.13.29-1
Dicamba , 1.13.30-1
Dichlobenil. . 1.13.31-1
Malathion 1.13.32-1
Methyl parathion ..... ... 1.13.33-1
Parathion. ...... 1.13.34-1
Guthion 1.13.35-1
Ethion - 1.13.36-1
Isoprene 1.13.37-1
Chlorpyrifos .... 1.13.38-1
Dichlorvos . 1.13.39-1
Diquat . 1.13.40-1
Disulfoton 1.13.41-1
Date: 1/24/83 viii
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CONTENTS (continued)
1.13 Pesticides (continued)
Mevinphos 1.13.42-1
Mexacarbate 1.13.43-1
Trichlorfon 1.13.44-1
Propargite . 1.13.45-1
Carbon disulfide 1.13.46-1
1.14 Oxygenated Compounds 1.14-1
Acetaldehyde ......... 1.14.1-1
Acetic acid. .... .... 1.14.2-1
Allyl alcohol. 1.14.3-1
Amyl acetate 1.14.4-1
n-Butyl acetate 1.14.5-1
Butyric acid 1.14.6-1
Formaldehyde . 1.14.7-1
Formic acid. 1.14.8-1
Fumaric acid . 1.14.9-1
Maleic acid 1.14.10-1
Methyl methacrylate 1.14.11-1
Propionic acid . 1.14.12-1
Vinyl acetate. ... 1.14.13-1
Adipic acid 1.14.14-1
Crotonaldehyde 1.14.15-1
Acrolein 1.14.16-1
Furfural 1.14.17-1
Propylene oxide 1.14.18-1
1.15 Miscellaneous 1.15-1
Methyl mercaptan 1.15.1-1
Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid 1.15.2-1
Cyclohexane 1.15.3-1
Isophorone ..... 1.15.4-1
Strychnine . 1.15.5-1
2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1.15.6-1
Zinc phenol sulfonate. 1.15.7-1
1.16 References for Volume I 1.16-1
1.17 Cross Reference of Compound Names 1.17-1
Date: 1/24/83 ix
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Origina
d
f
1
1
'aae Number
.8.6-1
.8.6-2
.8.6-3
.8.6-4
.8.6-5
.8.6-6
.8.7-1
.8.7-2
.8.7-3
.8.7-4
.8.7-5
.8.7-6
.8.8-1
.8.8-2
.8.8-3
.8.8-4
.8.8-5
.8.8-6
.8.9-1
.8.9-2
.8.9-3
.8.9-4
.8.10-1
.8. 10-2
.8.10-3
.8.10-4
.8.10-5
.8.10-6
.8.11-1
.8.11-2
.8.11-3
.8.11-4
.8.11-5
.8.11-6
.8.12-1
.8.12-2
Date of
Completion
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
9/25/81
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
9/25/81
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
Published
as
Orig ina I
Origina I
Original
Original
Original
Orig inaI
OriginaI
Original
0 r i g i na I
0 r i g i na I
OriginaI
Reserved
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
Original
Original
0 r i g i na I
Orig ina I
Original
Reserved
Orig inaI
Original
OriginaI
Orig inaI
Orig i naI
OriginaI
Orig inaI
0 r i g i na I
0 r i g i na I
Orig inaI
Original
Original
Origina I
Orig ina I
0 r i g i na I
Reserved
Original
Orig inaI
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o
pi
VOLUME I LIST OF PAGES (CONTINUED)
00
to
Page Number
.8.12-3
.8.12-4
.8.12-5
.8.12-6
.8.13-1
.8.13-2
.8.13-3
.8.13-4
.8.13-5
.8.13-6
.8.14-1
.8.14-2
.8.14-3
.8.14-4
.8.14-5
.8.14-6
.9.1-1
.9.1-2
.9.1-3
.9.1-4
.9.1-5
.9.1-6
.9.2-1
.9.2-2
.9.2-3
.9.2-4
.9.2-5
.9.2-6
.9.3-1
.9.3-2
.9.3-3
.9.3-4
.9.3-5
.9.3-6
.9.4-1
.9.4-2
Date of
Completion
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
9/25/81
12/22/82
10/8/82
Pub I ishe
as
Orig ina
Orig i na
Orig ina
Reservec
Orig i na
0 r i g i na
Orig i na
Orig ina
Orig ina
Reservec
Orig ina
Orig i na
Orig ina
0 r i g i na
Orig ina
Reservec
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig i na
Orig ina
Orig i na
0 r i g i na
Reservec
Orig i na
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
0 r i g i na
Jd
I
i
J
1
i
'age Number
.9.4-3
.9.4-4
.9.4-5
.9.4-6
.9.5-1
.9.5-2
.9.5-3
.9.5-4
.9.5-5
.9.5-6
.9.6-1
.9.6-2
.9.6-3
.9.6-4
.9.6-5
.9.6-6
.9.7-1
.9.7-2
.9.7-3
.9.7-4
.9.7-5
.9.7-6
.9.7-7
.9.8-1
.9.8-2
.9.8-3
.9.8-4
.9.8-5
.9.8-6
.9.9-1
.9.9-2
.9.9-3
.9.9-4
.9.9-5
.9.9-6
.9. 10-1
Date of
Comp let ion
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
9/25/81
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
9/25/81
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
9/25/81
12/22/82
Pub I i shed
as Page Number
Or ig ina
Orig i na
Or ig ina
Reservec
Or ig ina
Or ig i na
Or ig ina
Orig i na
Or ig i na
Reserve
Or ig ina
0 r i g i na
Or ig ina
Or ig i na
Or ig i na
Reservec
Or ig ina
Or ig i na
Or ig i na
Orig ina
Or ig i na
Orig ina
Orig i na
Or ig ina
Orig i na
Or ig ina
Or ig i na
Or ig ina
Orig ina
Or ig i na
0 r i g i na
Orig i na
0 r i g i na
Orig ina
0 r i g i na
i
i
Orig i na I
.9.10-2
.9.10-3
.9.10-4
.9.10-5
.9.10-6
.9.11-1
.9.11-2
.9.11-3
.9.11-4
.9.11-5
.9.11-6
.9.12-1
.9. 12-2
.9.12-3
.9.12-4
.9.12-5
.9.12-6
.9.13-1
.9.13-2
.9.14-1
.9.14-2
.9.15-1
.9.15-2
.9.16-1
.9.16-2
.9.16-3
.9.16-4
.9.17-1
.9.17-2
.9.18-1
.9.18-2
.9.18-3
.9.18-4
.9.18-5
.9.18-6
Date of
Complet ion
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
9/25/81
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
8/31/82
1/24/83
10/8/82
10/8/82
12/22/82
1/24/83
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
8/31/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
Pub Ii shed
as
OriginaI
Orig i naI
Orig inaI
Orig i naI
Orig i naI
Orig inaI
Orig ina I
Orig inaI
Orig ina I
Orig ina I
Orig inaI
Orig ina I
Orig i naI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Reserved
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig i naI
Orig i naI
Reserved
Orig i naI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Reserved
Orig inaI
Reserved
Orig ina I
Orig i naI
Orig inaI
Orig i naI
Orig inaI
Reserved
-------
rt
(D
VOLUME I LIST OF PAGES (CONTINUED)
Page Number
K3
^
co
OJ
V
"*
.9.19-1
.9.19-2
.9.20-1
.9.20-2
.10.1-1
.10.1-2
.10.1-3
.10.1-4
.10.1-5
.10.1-6
.10.2-1
.10.2-2
.10.2-3
.10.2-4
.10.2-5
.10.2-6
.10.3-1
.10.3-2
.10.3-3
.10.3-4
.10.3-5
.10.3-6
.'10.4-1
.10.4-2
.10.4-3
.10.4-4
.10.4-5
.10.4-6
.10.5-1
.10.5-2
.10.5-3
.10.5-4
.10.5-5
.10.5-6
Date of
Complet ion
10/8/82
1/2U/83
10/8/82
1/2U/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
9/25/81
12/22/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/82
12/22/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/2U/83
1/24/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
Pub I ished
as
Origins I
Reserved
Orig ina I
Reserved
Or ig ina I
Orig ina I
Orig ina I
Orig ina I
Orig ina I
Orig ina I
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Or ig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Original
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Origina 1
Reserved
'aqe Numbf
.10.6-1
.10.6-2
.10.6-3
.10.6-4
.10.6-5
.10.6-6
.10.7-1
.10.7-2
.10.7-3
.10.7-4
.10.8-1
.10.8-2
.10.8-3
.10.8-4
.10.8-5
.10.8-6
.10.9-1
.10.9-2
.10.9-3
.10.9-4
.10.9-5
.10.9-6
.10.10-1
.10.10-2
.10.10-3
.10.10-4
.10.10-5
.10.10-6
.10.11-1
.10.11-2
.10.11-3
.10.11-4
.10.11-5
.10.11-6
.10.12-1
.10.12-2
Date of
Completion
12/22/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
9/25/81
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/83
10/8/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/82
1/2U/83
Pub I i shed
as Page Number
Orig ina I
Reserved
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Reservec
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Or ig ina
Orig ina
Origina
Or ig ina
Or ig ina
Or ig ina
Reservec
Orig ina
Orig ina
Or ig ina
Orig ina
Or ig ina
Or ig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Reservec
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
J
J
Reserved
Orig ina 1
Reserved
.10.12-3
.10.12-U
.10.12-5
.10.12-6
.10.13-1
.10.13-2
.10.13-3
.10.13-U
.10.13-5
.10.13-6
.10.1U-1
.10.1U-2
.10.1U-3
.10.1U-U
.10.1U-5
.10.1U-6
.10.15-1
.10.15-2
.10.15-3
.10.15-U
.10.15-5
.10.15-6
.10.16-1
.10.16-2
.10.16-3
.10.16-U
.10.16-5
.10.16-6
.10.17-1
.10.17-2
.10.17-3
,10.17-U
.10.17-5
.10.17-6
.11.1-1
.11.1-2
Date of
Complet ion
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/83
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
9/25/81
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
12/22/82
1/2U/83
Pub Ii shed
as
OriginaI
OriginaI
Orig inaI
Reserved
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
OriginaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Reserved
12/22/83
10'/8/82
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
1/2U/83
9/25/81
Or ig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Or ig ina 1
Original
Origina 1
Or ig ina 1
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Orig inaI
Reserved
Orig inaI
Reserved
OriginaI
Orig inaI
OriginaI
Reserved
Orig inaI
Reserved
-------
tJ
B
ft
VOLUME 1 LIST OF PAGES (CONTINUED)
\v
•**
Paae Number
S .11.1-3
K>
«jp*
00
OJ
M
<
fJU
.11,1-4
.11.1-5
.11.1-6
.11.2-1
.11.2-2
.11.2-3
.11.2-4
.11.2-5
.11.2-6
.11.3-1
.11.3-2
.11.3-3
.11.3-4
.11.3-5
.11.3-6
.11.4-1
.11.4-2
.11.4-3
.11.4-4
.11.4-5
.11.4-6
.11.5-1
.11.5-2
.11.5-3
.11.5-4
.11.5-5
.11.5-6
.11.6-1
.11.6-2
.11.6-3
.11.6-4
.11.6-5
.11.6-6
.11.7-1
.11.7-2
Date of
Completion
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
Publ ished
as Paqe Number
Original
Orig ina I
Origina I
Origina I
Origina i
0 r i g i na I
Orig ina I
Orig ina I
Orig ina )
Reserved
Orig ina I
0 r i g i na 1
Orig ina 1
Original
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Origina 1
Original
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Orig ina 1
Reserved
Origina 1
.11.7-3
.11.7-4
.11.7-5
.11.7-6
.12. 1-1
.12.1-2
.12.1-3
.12.1-4
.12.1-5
.12.1-6
.12.2-1
,12.2-2
.12.2-3
.12.2-4
.12.2-5
.12.2-6
.12.3-1
.12.3-2
.12.3-3
.12.3-4
.12.3-5
.12.3-6
.12.4-1
.12.4-2
.12.4-3
.12.4-4
.12.4-5
.12.4-6
.12.5-1
.12.5-2
.12.5-3
.12.5-4
.12.5-5
.12.5-6
.12.5-7
.12.5-8
Orig ina 1
Date of
Completion
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
12/22/82
12/22/82
Publ ished
as Paae Number
Origina
0 r i g i na
Orig ina
Reservet
0 r i g i na
Reservee
Origina
Or ig ina
Origina
Reservec
Orig ina
Orig ina
Origina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Reservec
Orig ina
Origina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Origina
Or ig ina
Or ig ina
Origina
0 r i g I na
Origina
0 r i g i na
Origina
Or ig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Or ig ina
Origina
Orig ina
Orig ina
J
1
J
.12.6-1
. 12.6-2
.12.6-3
.12.6-4
.12.6-5
.12.6-6
.12.7-1
. 12.7-2
.12.7-3
.12.7-4
.12.7-5
.12.7-6
.12.8-1
.12.8-2
.12.8-3
.12.8-4
.12.8-5
.12.8-6
. 12.9-1
.12.9-2
.12.9-3
.12.9-4
.12.9-5
.12.9-6
.12.10-1
.12.10-2
.12.10-3
.12,10-4
.12.10-5
.12.10-6
.12.11-1
.12.11-2
. 12.11-3
. 12. 11-4
.12.12-1
. 12,12-2
Date of
Completion
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
10/8/82
1/24/83
1/24/83
12/22/82
1/24/83
Pub 1 i shed
as
Origina
Origina
Origina
Origina
0 r i g i na
Reserved
0 r i g i na
0 r i g i na
Orig ina
Orig ina
Orig ina
Reserved
Orig ina
Origina
Orig ina
Origina
Origina
Reserved
Original
0 r i g i na 1
Or igna 1
Reserved
Original
Reserved
Original
Original
Or ig ina 1
Reserved
Orig inal
Reserved
Original
Original
Original
0 r i g f na 1
Or ig ina I
Reserved
-------
o
PJ
rt
(D
VOLUME I LIST OF PAGES (CONTINUED)
Page Number
N>
£^
00
LO
X
H-
H*
. 12. 12-3
.12.12-4
.12.12-5
.12.12-6
.12.13-1
.12.13-2
.12.13-3
.12.13-4
.12.13-5
.12.13-6
. 12. 14-1
.12.14-2
.12.14-3
. 12. 14-4
.12.14-5
.12.14-6
.12.15-1
.12.15-2
.12.15-3
.12.15-4
.12.15-5
.12.15-6
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.16 REFERENCES FOR VOLUME
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I.I INTRODUCTION
Volume I is a compendium of treatability data for specific
compounds. It is the first of a five volume set on industrial
wastewater treatability. Volume II is a collection of industrial
wastewater discharge information and includes data for both raw
and treated wastewaters. Volume III is a compilation of avail-
able performance data for existing wastewater treatment techno-
logies. Volume IV is being revised to include cost data for the
treatment technologies described in Volume III. Volume V is an
executive summary and describes the methods used in preparing the
data in Volumes I, II, and III. The information contained in this
manual was obtained from the open literature, government publica-
tions, on-going Office of Research and Development (ORD) treat-
ability studies, equipment vendors, and regional and state EPA
offices.
1.1.1 VOLUME I ORGANIZATION AND CONTENTS
Volume I of the Treatability Manual supplies data on specific
compounds. It is intended to provide facile reference to
physical data on the pollutants, their occurrence patterns, and
methods of treatment and/or removal. The compound data are re-
ported as presented in the source or as an abstracted description
of the source data. Pollutants are grouped according to the
following chemical categories:
Metals and Inorganics
Ethers
Phthalates
Nitrogen Compounds
Phenols
Aromatics
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PCB's and Related Compounds
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Pesticides
Oxygenated Compounds
Miscellaneous
The three-part entry for each pollutant includes the items dis-
cussed below:
• Description of the Pure Species
This section includes information such as name, formula, alter-
nate names, Chemical Abstracts Registry Number, molecular or
atomic weight, melting and boiling points, water solubility, and
Date: 1/24/83 I.1-1
-------
vapor pressure. For organic compounds Henry's law constants, log
octanol/water partition coefficients, biodegradability informa-
tion, and carbon adsorption data are also presented; for metals,
common ionization states and precipitation/coagulation properties
are given.
A separate entry in this section summarizes current knowledge on
probable fates in an aqueous medium. Processes considered in
this category are photolysis, oxidation, hydrolysis, volatil-
ization, sorption, biological processes, and other significant
reactions and interactions. When literature fate data for a
specific compound are inadequate or nonexistent, the fate of
closely related compounds is discussed, and the data are identi-
fied as pertaining to the general class of compounds. Also, for
each compound, a summary is provided of the water quality cri-
teria as developed by USEPA persuant to Section 304 (a) (1) of the
Clean Water Act.
• Industrial Occurrence Data
Wastewater pollutant summaries are presented in tabular form for
each industrial category in which the chemical substance has been
detected. Where testing has indicated that the pollutant does
not occur in the industrial category, this is indicated. The
minimum, maximum, and average concentrations are reported for
both untreated and treated wastewater. The number of samples and
detections used as the basis for the reported concentrations also
are indicated. This information is developed based on criteria
summarized in Table 1-1. Volume II includes more specific infor-
mation regarding waste streams for each industry.
• Pollutant Treatability/Removability
For each alternative standard treatment process, removal ranges
and median concentrations for the compounds of interest are
presented for actual wastewater samples, where appropriate data
are available. The criteria for presenting these data are in-
cluded in Table 1-1. Cross references to the Volume III tech-
nology sections, where these data are presented in more detail,
are given in the compound sections.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-2
-------
TABLE 1-1. CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING DATA PRESENTATION IN VOLUME I,
TREATABILITY MANUAL
Sources of Data
1. Data in Volume I describing compound properties are developed from the
references cited on the respective sheets and summarized in Section
1.16.
2. Data in Volume I describing the concentrations reported in raw wastewater
are developed from data presented in the industry specific development
documents and engineering reports. The source document data for these
sheets included industry summary data, subcategory summary data, and
plant specific data. Industry summary data are presented in the following:
Coal Mining, Ore Mining and Dressing, and Textile Mills. Subcategory
summary data are presented in the following industries: Metal Finishing,
Porcelain Enameling, Photographic Equipment and Supplies, Coil Coating,
Pulp and Paperboard Mills, Battery Manufacturing, Nonferrous Metals Manu-
facturing, Organic Chemicals and Plastics and Synthetic Resins, Leather
Tanning and Finishing, and Soap and Detergent. The majority of the in-
dustries have plant specific data referenced: Steam Electric Power Plants,
Iron and Steel Manufacturing, Rubber Processing, Auto and Other Laundries,
Petroleum Refining, Timber Products Processing, Gum and Wood Chemicals,
Paint and Ink Formulation, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Foundries, Ex-
plosives Manufacturing, Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing, Electrical and
Electronic Components, and Aluminum Forming.
3. Data in Volume I describing the concentrations reported in treated waste-
water are developed from data presented in development documents and
engineering reports. The source document data for these sheets included
industry summary data, subcategory summary data, and plant specific data.
Industry summary data are presented in the following: Coal Mining, Ore
Mining and Dressing, and Textile Mills. Subcategory summary data are
presented in the following industries: Photographic Equipment and Supplies,
Pulp and Paperboard Mills, Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing, Organic Chemicals
and Plastics and Synthetic Resins, and Leather Tanning and Finishing. The
majority of the industries have plant specific data referenced including:
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing, Aluminum Forming, Metal Finishing,
Porcelain Enameling, Coil Coating, Steam Electric Power Plants, Iron and
Steel Manufacturing, Rubber Processing, Auto and Other Laundries, Petroleum
Refining, Timber Products Processing, Gum and Wood Chemicals, Paint and
Ink Formulation, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, and Foundries. Treated
data are not available for Soap and Detergent Manufacturing, Explosives
Manufacturing, Electrical and Electronic Components, and Battery Manufac-
turing.
4. Data in Volume I describing pollutant removability are developed from the
data presented in Volume III of the Treatability Manual.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-3
-------
TABLE 1-1. CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING DATA PRESENTATION IN VOLUME I,
TREATABILITY MANUAL (continued)
5. Data in Volume I describing water quality criteria are developed from the
references cited.
Reliability of Data
1. The data selected for inclusion in Volume I were developed using analytic
protocols designed to confirm the presence of the compound in the wastewater
matrix and to quantify the amount present. Data collected using a protocol
designed to indicate only presence or absence of a compound (i.e., the
so-called screening protocols) are not included in Volume I, except as
noted on each table.
2. The sampling and analytic protocols for all data presented in Volumes II
and III of the Manual are identified in Volume V, Section 7.
Interpretation of Data
1. The standard general rules used to interpret the industry summary, sub-
category summary, and plant specific data available in the reference
sources for developing the Volume I sheets (raw and treated wastewater)
are presented below.
a.
Two significant figures (in yg/L), rounded to the nearest even number,
afi- iicaH fnt- nt-acant1 a t~ 1 nn anH pnmrmt'a t~ i nn
are used for presentation and computation
b. The full value of the pollutant specific detection limit is assumed
for computation and presentation where the source document gives data
as BDL, below detection limit.
c. Industry summary data are presented as given in the source, with no
interpretation or calculation.
d. Subcategory summary data are compiled into one data summary for Volume I,
The number of samples for all subcategories are summed as are the
number of detections. The minimum value is determined as the lowest
detected value of all subcategories. The maximum value is the highest
detected value of all subcategories. The mean is determined by averag-
ing the means representative of all subcategories. This is calculated
as the sum of subcategory means divided by the number of mean values
(excluding zero or not detected).
e. Plant specific data are presented as the minimum, maximum, and mean
concentrations based on detections unless otherwise noted. If there
are no detections, values are not given for minimum, maximum, and
mean. If there is only one detection, the value is given as the
maximum.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-4
-------
TABLE 1-1. CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING DATA PRESENTATION IN VOLUME I,
TREATABILITY MANUAL (continued)
Number of samples equals the number of data points including those in
which a pollutant was not detected (ND). Following the convention in
the majority of source documents, a 3-day sampling episodes at one
plant is averaged and presented as one data point.
Number of detections equals the number of data points above zero
including those values that are reported as below detection levels
(BDL), but excluding those values reported as not detected (ND).
Minimum of detections equals the lowest detected value greater than
zero or not detected (ND).
Maximum of detections equals the highest detected value reported.
Mean of detections is calculated as the sum of all data points (except
zero and ND) divided by the number of detections. (Example: three
values ND, 4, and 12; mean equals 8).
Exceptions to the general rules listed above for the raw and treated
wastewater sheets are as follows:
a. Pulp and Paperboard Mills, Metal Finishing, Battery Manufacturing, and
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing - minimum, maximum, and mean are based
on number of samples, rather than number of detections.
b. Battery Manufacturing - minimum, maximum, and mean are based on samples,
rather than detections. Reference cites "ND" and "0.0" for samples.
ND has been interpreted as not detected, with a numerical value of
zero. The "0.0" is reported by the reference to be from zero to
0.005, and has been interpreted as 0.005 for these summaries, and has
been included as a detection.
c. Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing - metals data in reference represent
flow weighted averages of individual waste streams per plant. Organics
represent subcategory summary data with the minimum, maximum, and mean
based on samples, rather than detections. The reference reports as
"detections" only organic compounds measured at concentrations > 10
yg/L, although the minimum, maximum, and mean are computed using
numerical values less than this level. Therefore, number of detections
reported in Volume I represent detections > 10 yg/L.
d. Paint and Ink Formulation - reference data represent averages of batch
samples per plant, calculated as the sum of batch values divided by
the number of batch runs -(including ND; not including "not run"). The
number of samples equals the number of batch averages, including ND.
The number of detections equals the number of batch averages, not
including ND.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-5
-------
TABLE 1-1. CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING DATA PRESENTATION IN VOLUME I,
TREATABILITY MANUAL (continued)
e. Organic Chemicals and Plastics and Synthetic Resins - reference does
not present data for the minimum, maximum, and number of detections.
The raw and treated wastewater tables reflect this with NA, not
available.
f. Ore Mining and Dressing - reference does not present data for the
minimum value. The table reflects this with NA, not available.
g. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing - plant data in the reference are
represented as a range. The plant minimum and maximum values are
averaged to compute the summary data for Volume I.
h. Coil Coating - data are presented in the reference by subcategory.
The reference treats "*" (BDL = <10 yg/L) as a detection, but in the
averaging process equates "*" to zero. Since the raw plant data are
not given, "*" can not be recalculated. Volume I is based on "*" as
equal to zero (0.0) for the minimum, maximum, and mean calculations.
However, ND is distinguished from zero (0.0) so that ND is excluded
from the minimum, maximum, and mean.
3. The pollutant removability data in Volume I are based on the data pre-
sented in Volume III. The median effluent concentration Is based on the
values reported in the Technology Data Sheets for all full-scale or
pilot-scale systems. Percent removals are calculated for Volume III
according to the following rules:
a) If influent is a number and effluent is an inequality, the percent
removal is presented as an inequality.
b) If influent is "X" and effluent is "99.
f) If influent is ND and effluent is ND, percent removal is NM.
g) If influent is BDL and effluent is ND, percent removal is NM.
h) If influent is BDL and effluent is BDL, percent removal is NM.
i) If influent is "X" and effluent is BDL, percent removal is calculated
with BDL equal to one-half the detection limit. An asterisk denotes
this as an approximate value.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-6
-------
TABLE 1-1. CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING DATA PRESENTATION IN VOLUME I,
TREATABILITY MANUAL (concluded)
j) Average percent removal for several treatment plants is calculated as
follows:
example; <0% and 50%: mean removal = 25%
(<0 removal is considered to be 0 removal)
example; >0% and >50%: mean removal = >25%
k) Not meaningful (NM) is not reported in the range of removal column,
except when all data are presented as being not meaningful.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-7
-------
1.1.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES DATA
Physical/chemical data presented in this volume are useful in
predicting environmental fate or probable effectiveness of alter-
native treatment approaches. A brief description of the pre-
sentation and utility of individual parameters follows.
1.1.2.1 Henry's Law Constant
Henry's law constant is the relative equilibrium concentration of
a compound in air and water at a constant temperature and is
defined by the following equation:
K = -s—
where
K = Henry's law constant, m3 atm mol"1
P = compound's vapor pressure in atmospheres
S = compound's solubility in water in moles per cubic
meter
The constant is an expression of the equilibrium distribution of
a compound between air and water. The constant indicates quali-
tatively the volatility of a compound and is frequently used in
equations that attempt to predict "stripping" of a compound from
aqueous solution. Increasing values of the constant favor vola-
tilization as a fate mechanism and indicate amenability to steam
or air stripping. Reported constants in this manual are measured
values unless noted differently.
1.1.2.2 Log Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient
The log octanol/water partition coefficient or log P is the
equilibrium distribution of a compound between two immiscible
solvents, n-octanol and water. It is defined by the following
equation:
CA O
Log P = Log -fF^-
A/H2°
where
Q
A,O = concentration of compound in n-octanol phase
rj
A,H2O = concentration of compound in water phase
Log P varies with temperature. The temperature of determination
is assumed to be 25 °C, although in many cases the temperature and
method of determination are not known.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-8
-------
Log P measures the affinity of a compound for octanol and water
phases. It is a useful parameter for predicting the bioconcen-
tration potential of compounds and sorption of compounds by
organic soils where experimental values are not available.
It is also used to determine the applicability of solvent ex-
traction as a treatment alternative. Increasing values favor
strong bioaccumulation, adsorption, and solvent extraction
potentials.
1.1.2.3 Carbon Adsorption Data
Batch equilibrium carbon adsorption isotherm data can be used to
estimate the relative effectiveness of carbon in adsorbing
organic compounds. The adsorption isotherm is the relationship,
at a given temperature and other conditions, between the amounts
of a substance adsorbed and its equilibrium concentrations
remaining in solution.
Carbon adsorption data can be plotted according to the
Freundlich equation. This is an empirical equation that
is widely used and has been found to describe adequately
the adsorption process in dilute solution. The Freundlich
equation has the form:
X _ 1/n
~M KLf
Data can be fitted to the logarithmic form of the above
equation, which has the form:
log -—- = log K + 1/n log Cf
where
X = C - Cf = initial concentration of solute
minus final concentration of
solute in solution at equilibrium,
mg/L
M = weight in grams of adsorbent (carbon) per liter
C,. = final concentration of solute in mg/L
s
K = intercept at Cf = 1 (log Cf = O)
1/n = slope of the line
For dilute solutions, this equation yields a straight line with
a slope of 1/n and an intercept equal to the value of K when
C_ = 1 (log C_ = 0). The intercept is roughly an indicator of
adsorption capacity and the slope, 1/n, of adsorption intensity.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-9
-------
The concentration of compound on the carbon in equilibrium with
a concentration C- is given by the X/M value, expressed as mg
compound/gram of carbon.
Figures 1 and 2 are presented to illustrate the interpretation of
adsorption isotherms. In Figure 1, the isotherm for Carbon A is
at a relatively high level and has only a slight slope. This
means that adsorption is relatively great over the entire range
of concentrations studied. The fact that the isotherm for Carbon
B in Figure 1 is at a lower level indicates proportionally less
adsorption, although adsorption improves at higher concentrations
over that at low concentrations. An isotherm having a steep
slope, Carbon C, indicates that adsorption is good at high con-
centrations but much less at low concentrations.
The actual pH for which the compound adsorption data were de-
veloped is shown on the data sheets. For most compounds, Calgon
Corporation Filtrasorb 300 granular carbon was used unless other-
wise indicated. The carbon was pulverized and screened before
use in the test. For most compounds, the isotherm test was
conducted at neutral pH. For those compounds where an effect is
expected because of pH, the test may have been conducted at acid
and/or basic pH as well as at neutral.
The adsorbability is defined as the carbon dose required to
reduce a pollutant concentration from concentration a to con-
centration b, as for example, reduction from 10 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L.
Several ranges are shown for each compound. All have been com-
puted by using the equation of the adsorption for the specific .^^
compound. Where extrapolation beyond the experimental points
occurs, it is assumed that the curve is linear over the entire
range of the concentration used in the computation.
1.1.2.4 Biodegradability
Biodegradability data are based on studies in which the compounds
were subjected to a specific set of controlled conditions. The
biodegradability test method used in the studies was the static
culture flask screening procedure of Bunch and Chambers, using
BOD dilution water containing 5 mg yeast extract per liter as
the synthetic medium, 5 and 10 mg/L concentrations of the test
compound, a 7-day static incubation at 25°C in the dark, followed
by 3 weekly subcultures (totaling 28 days of incubation) and
incorporating settled domestic wastewater as microbial inoculum
[1-57, 60, 61, 62, 63].
For experimental purposes the compounds were divided into the
following classes of organic compounds:
Phenols
Phthalate Esters
Naphtha1ene s
Date: 1/24/83 I.1-10
-------
2
x
CARBON A.
CARBON B
Figure 1. Adsorption isotherm, Carbon A and B.
CARBON
Figure 2. Adsorption isotherm, Carbon C.
Date: 9/25/81
I.1-11
-------
Monocyclic Aromatics
Polycyclic Aromatics
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Halogenated Ethers
Nitrogenous Organics
Halogenated Aliphatics
Organochlorine Insecticides
For each class of compounds, differing methods were used to
obtain solution. For the more insoluble compounds, an emulsion,
rather than a solution was used. Initial and final concentra-
tions of the compounds were determined by gas chromatography.
A schematic of the test procedure is shown in Figure 3. Initial
concentrations of compounds were determined in duplicate. Final
concentrations, after each 7 days' incubation period, were
determined in triplicate. Microbial cultures were transferred
successively to each subsequent subculture thus permitting an
assessment of microbial adaptation or in some instances toxicity.
Replicate analyses were averaged and the biodegradability of each
compound was described according to the following qualitative
classification.
D - Significant degradation
> 80% degradation in initial culture and in all
subsequent subcultures
A - Significant degradation, gradual adaptation
20-80% degradation in initial culture followed
by increasing percent degradation in subsequent
subcultures
N - Not significantly degraded
< 50% degradation in all cultures with fairly
uniform percent degradation in subsequent cultures
T - Significant degradation in initial culture but
decreasing in subsequent subculture indicating
possible toxicity.
For compounds marked 'volatile1 there is some uncertainty about
the biodegradability as determined by this screening test. Loss
of compound may thus be due to biodegradability and/or volatil-
ity. However, control flasks were used where necessary to charac-
terize removal by volatility alone in order to aid in the inter-
pretation of the mechanism of compound removal.
While the tests were performed on 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L concentra-
tions of each compound, only the results for the 5 mg/L concen-
tration are shown. Information is also provided in those in-
stances where 10 mg/L concentrations are shown to be toxic.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-12
-------
Figure 3. Static culture flask biodegradability protocol,
Analysis of samples before
7 day incubation
Analysis of samples after
7 day incubation
Original culture
First subculture
Second subculture
Third subculture
10 ml " 10 ml/VIO ml
Flow chart using specific analysis for test compound
C0 - average concentration of test compound from 2 flasks or bottles analyzed before incubation
Ct - average concentration of test compound from 3 flasks or bottles analyzed after incubation
* - numerical designation of culture flask or bottle used in the biodegradability test
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-13
-------
1.1.2.5 Metal Precipitation/Coagulation Properties
Removal curves are given to illustrate the effect of chemical
coagulation on metals removal. Percent removal of metal is
plotted as a function of pH of the treated water for each coagu-
lant (lime softening, alum, ferric sulfate, and/or ferrous sul-
fate) with available data. Data describing initial compound
concentration and the coagulant dose are presented in summary
form. The actual test protocol is described in the reference
cited.
1.1.2.6 Environmental Occurrence of Metals
In the following sections on physical and chemical properties of
metals and certain inorganics, it is important to note that the
metallic form of the metal, rarely if ever, is of concern in the
aqueous environment, largely because of the extreme aqueous
insolubility of the metal. Most metals, however, can and do
react to form a variety of salts and oxides which are soluble.
It is these salt and oxide compounds which can exert adverse
environmental impacts.
Certain metals can be transformed to organic complexes directly
via microbial interactions and metals may also be present in the
aqueous environment via adsorption on clay particles or in-
organic precipitates.
1.1.3 INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE AND TREATABILITY/REMOVABILITY DATA
Summary tables for each chemical substance are included in Sec-
tions 1.4 through 1.15, where there are data available on the
industrial occurrence in the raw or treated wastewater, or for
the treatability/removability of the chemical substance. Table
1-2 indicates the chemical compounds that have no data for these
summary tables, which therefore are not included in this Volume.
Date: 1/24/83 1.1-14
-------
TABLE 1-2. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR WHICH NO INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OR
REMOVABILITY DATA ARE PRESENTED
Page 2's: Industrial Occurrence, Raw Wastewater
Butylamine
Diethylamine
Ethylenediamine
Monoethylamine
Monome thylamine
Triethylamine
Trimethylamine
Aniline
Benzoic acid
Benzyl chloride
Styrene
Quinoline
Nitrotoluene
Naphthenic acid
Allyl chloride
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
Phosgene
Ethylene dibromide
Epichlorohydrin
Kelthane
Naled
Dichlone
Kepone
Diuron
Carbofuran
Me reap todime thur
Captan
Carbaryl
Coumaphos
Diazinon
Dicamba
Dichlobenil
Malathion
Methyl parathion
Parathion
• Guthion
• Ethion
• Isoprene
• Chlorpyrifos
• Dichlorvos
• Diquat
• Disulfoton
• Mevinphos
• Mexacarbate
• Trichlorfon
• Propargite
• Carbon disulfide
• Acetaldehyde
• Acetic acid
• Allyl alcohol
• Amyl acetate
• n-Butyl acetate
• Butyric acid
• Formaldehyde
• Formic acid
• Fumaric acid
• Maleic acid
• Methyl methacrylate
• Propionic acid
• Vinyl acetate
• Adipic acid
• Crotonaldehyde
• Furfural
• Propylene oxide
• Methyl mercaptan
• Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid
• Cyclohexane
• Strychnine
• Zinc phenol sulfonate
Date: 1/24/83
1.1-15
-------
TABLE 1-2. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR WHICH NO INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OR
REMOVABILITY DATA ARE PRESENTED
Page 3's; Industrial Occurrence, Treated Wastewater
Butylamine
Diethylamine
Ethylenediamine
Monoethylamine
Monomethylamine
Triethylamine
Trimethylamine
Aniline
Benzoic acid
Benzyl chloride
Styrene
Quinoline
Nitrotoluene
Naphthenic acid
Allyl chloride
2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
Phosgene
Ethylene dibromide
Epichlorohydrin
Kelthane
Naled
Dichlone
Kepone
Diuron
Carbofuran
Mercaptodimethur
Captan
Carbaryl
Coumaphos
Diazinon
Dicamba
Dichlobenil
Malathion
Methyl parathion
Parathion
• Guthion
• Ethion
• Isoprene
• Chlorpyrifos
• Dichlorvos
• Diquat
• Disulfoton
• Mevinphos
• Mexacarbate
• Trichlorfon
• Propargite
• Carbon disulfide
• Acetaldehyde
• Acetic acid
• Allyl alcohol
• Amyl acetate
• n-Butyl acetate
• Butyric acid
• Formaldehyde
• Formic acid
• Fumaric acid
• Maleic acid
• Methyl methacrylate
• Propionic acid
• Vinyl acetate
• Adipic acid
• Crotonaldehyde
• Furfural
• Propylene oxide
• Methyl mercaptan
• Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid
• Cyclohexane
• Strychnine
• Zinc phenol sulfonate
Date: 1/24/83
1.1-16
-------
TABLE 1-2. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS FOR WHICH NO INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
OR REMOVABILITY DATA ARE PRESENTED (CONTINUED)
Page 4's: Pollutant Removability
• Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
• Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
• 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
• 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
• 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
• Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
• Butylamine
• Diethylamine
• Ethylenediamine
• Monoethylamine
• Monomethylamine
• Triethylamine
• Trimethylamine
• 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
• Acrylonitrile
• Resorcinol
• Aniline
• Benzoic acid
• Benzyl chloride
• Quinoline
• Nitrotoluene
• Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
• Naphthenic acid
• Hexachloroethane
• Hexachlorobutadiene
• Methyl bromide
• Dichlorodifluoromethane
• Allyl chloride
• 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
• Phosgene
• Ethylene dibromide
• Epichlorohydrin
• Endosulfan sulfate
• ft-Endosulfan
• 6-BHC
• Aldrin
• Dieldrin
. 4,4'-ODD
• Endrin
• Kelthane
• Naled
• Dichlone
• Kepone
• Diuron
• Heptachlor epoxide
• Carbofuran
• Mercaptodimethur
• Toxaphene
• Captan
• Carbaryl
• Coumaphos
• Diazinon
• Dicamba
• Dichlobenil ;
• Malathion
• Methyl parathion
• Parathion
• Guthion
• Ethion
• Isoprene
• Chlorpyrifos
• Dichlorvos
• Diquat
• Disulfoton
• Mevinphos
• Mexacarbate
• Trichlorfon
• Propargite
• Carbon disulfide
• Allyl alcohol
• Amyl acetate
• n-Butyl acetate
• Butyric acid
• Fumaric acid
• Maleic acid
• Methyl methacrylate
• Vinyl acetate
• Adipic acid
• Crotonaldehyde
• Furfural
• Propylene oxide
• Methyl mercaptan
• Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid
• Cyclohexane
• Strychnine
• 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin
• Zinc phenol sulfonate
Date: 1/24/83
1.1-17
-------
-------
1.2 POLLUTANT SELECTION
Pollutants selected for study in Volume I of the wastewater
treatability manual are taken from the list of 299 compounds
considered in Section 311 of the Water Pollution Control Act.
Selection for inclusion in Volume I was based on a consideration
of pollutant toxicity and stability in an aqueous environment.
Of the 299 compounds initially considered, 129 had been desig-
nated as Toxic (Priority) Pollutants by the EPA and were included
for study. (Although the pollutants dichlorodifluoromethane,
trichlorofluoromethane, and bis(chloromethyl)ether have been de-
listed from the EPA priority pollutant list, they have been re-
tained in Volume I). Ninety-seven of the remaining pollutants
were found to dissociate, volatilize, or otherwise degrade readi-
ly in an aqueous environment and were not considered. This left
73 pollutants that did not readily degrade or disappear from an
aqueous environment. These were added to the list of 129 toxic
pollutants to make a total of 202 included for study in Volume I.
Other pollutants will be added for study as time and data availa-
bility permit.
In addition, a number of conventional or classical water pollu-
tants not addressed in Volume I are covered in Volumes II and
III. These are listed below.
• Total suspended solids
» Total volatile solids
* Total dissolved solids
• Total solids
• Volatile suspended solids
• Total kjeldahl nitrogen
* Chemical oxygen demand
• Biochemical oxygen demand
* Oil and grease
« Total phosphorus
* Phosphate phosphorus
• Total organic chlorine •
• Total organic carbon
• Fluoride
• Aluminum
• Manganese
• Vanadium
• Barium
• Iron
• Tin
• Titanium
• Hexavalent chromium
» Sulfite
• Chloride
• Bismuth
• Thiocyanate
• Potassium
Silica
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Molybdenum
Cobalt
Tellurium
Palladium
Gold
Yttrium
Osmium
Iridium
Rhodium
Platinum
Boron
Sulfides
Ammonia
Ammonia nitrogen
Nitrate nitrogen
Strontium
Nitrate
Radium
Radium, dissolved
Silicon
Strontium
Date: 1/24/83
1.2-1
-------
-------
Compound: An t imony
Formula: Sb
Alternate Names [1-1] : Antimony black;
CAS ft; 7440-36-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
atomic weight: 121.8
melting point, °C: 630
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 1,380
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: negligible
solubility in water, mg/L: Antimonic acid and antimony oxides are very
slightly soluble
common oxidation states: cations - +5, +3; anion - -3
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.1-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Not important under natural conditions (<100°C)
oxidation: Present as soluble oxide or antimonite salts under natural
redox conditions
hydrolysis: Oxide or antimonic acid formed by hydrolysis
volatilization: Not important under natural redox conditions
sorption.- Adsorbed to clays; coprecipitates with iron and aluminum compounds
biological processes: Slight bioaccumulation and probable biomethylation
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Precipitation/Coagulation Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.1-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.4.1-2
-------
o
CD
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ANTIMONY
00
U)
-p-
•
M
I
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Electr ica 1 /Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Explosives Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (i)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f )
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
38
103
11
30
1
51
26
21
217
51
39
6
1
32
82
9
33
16
1
1 1
65
23
Number
of
detect ions
38
15
11
29
1
1
25
7
133
5
16
1
1
32
6
NA
33
16
1
3
17
23
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for add
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Detected
Minimum
2.5
1.0
0.1
<1.0
ND
0.7
30
ND
1.9
2.0
<2.0
NA
NA
-------
o
pi
rt
n>
ro
^
oo
u>
M
M
1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ANTIMONY
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
12
114
21
19
21
19
13
2
34
71
7
19
17
12
83
10
Number
of
detect ions
11
UU
17
19
8
6
9
2
34
3
NA
19
17
U
65
10
Detected
Minimum
2.5
1 .0
<2.0
2.0
<10
10
2.0
1.0
0.5
NA
NA
<10
<1.0
3.5
1.0
1.0
concentrations, u,q/L
Maximum
2,200
260
-------
D
01
rt
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LITY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ANTIMONY
i — '
to
4^
00
U>
M
•C-
T
Ul
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-barium chloride
-combined precipitants
-lime
-sodium carbonate
-sulf ide
-unspecified
Chemical Precipitation wi th Filtration
- 1 i me
-sodium sulfide
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed (mentation
Solvent Extraction
Ultraf i Itration
Activated sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Number of data jaoints
Pilot scale Full scale
11 1
1 1
2
1 1
1
i
3
2
1
1
1
2
2
2 2
16 11
9
1
6
1 18
1
1
22
2
Range of
remova I . %
0-50
NM
NM
NM
0
NM
81 - >99
71
NM
NM
NM
NM
51 - 81
0 - 92*
1 - 95*
NM
10 - 37
0-86
NM
NM
33 - 90
82 - >99
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
1.3 - 590
<25 - 150
25 - 1,200
<10 - <25
50
<25 - <25
ND - 180
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a)(l) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to antimony.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for antimony indicate that acute and chronic toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 9,000 and 1,600
jig/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species that
are more sensitive than those tested. Toxicity to algae occurs at concen-
trations as low as 610
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been adequately tested with antimony, and no
statement can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of antimony
ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 146 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of antimony
ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 45,000 yg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.1-6
-------
Compound; Arsenic
Formula; As
Alternate Names: None
CAS ft; 7440382
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3] :
atomic weight: 74.9
melting point (28 atmospheres), °C: 817
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Sublimes at 613
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water, mg/L: As20s, 1.5 x 106 at 16°C; As203/ 3.7 x 10« at 20°C
common oxidation states: cations - +5, +3; anion - -3
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.2-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Not important
oxidation: Under reducing condition, arsenic is a stable solid; dissolved
arsenic acid is present in oxygenated water
hydrolysis: Hydrolyzed to arsenious and arsenic acid forms (soluble)
volatilization: Not important under natural redox conditions
sorption: Arsenic is removed by clays, iron and manganese oxides, and aluminum
biological processes: Bioaccumulated, but not biomagnified; biotransformed
to organic arsenicals under anaerobic conditions.
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.2-1
-------
Precipitation/Coagulation Data, Arsenic [1-5] :
Test Conditions; As (III)
Sample: (a) chlorinated
(b) not chlorinated
Coagulant dose:
(a,b) ferric sulfate - 30 mg/L
(a,b) lime softening -
unspecified
(a,b) alum - 30 mg/L
Initial concentration:
All tests - 0.3 mg/L
As (V)
(a) unspecified
(b) chlorinated
(a) ferric sulfate - 30 mg/L
(b) lime softening -
unspecified
0.05 mg/L
Most effective methods reported:
ferric sulfate coagulation,
pH 6-8
alum coagulation, pH 6-7
excess lime softening
OKidation before treatment required
100
OBSERVED REMOVAL
ferric sulfate coagulation,
pH 6-8
alum coagulation, pH 6-7
excess lime softening
AlM ALUM COAQULATtON (cMtxMMd)
Al(HI) ALUM COAGULATION (nol cMorkMMd)
Date: 10/8/82
8 9
pH OF TREATED WATER
1.4.2- 2
10
11
12
-------
o
CD
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ARSENIC
N3
00
U)
to
I
U)
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (f) (h)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (i)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
37
104
44
43
23
56
26
21
218
57
39
3
2
31
114
28
6
17
2
20
70
23
Number
of
detections
36
49
44
41
21
27
25
6
143
10
14
3
2
31
106
NA
6
17
2
11
35
23
Detected
Min imum
<1.0
2!o
2.0
5.0
<2.0
ND
1.0
3.0
ND
0.29
3.0
19
3.0
<2.0
NA
NA
<25
3.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
1 .0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
2,000
6,500
44,000 <1
1,200
200
3,400
120
1,500
120
1,300
2,800
110
4.0
1.6 x 10E5 <7
12,000 2
NA
1,000
440
20
3.1 X 10E5 <28
220
14,000
Mean
<120
340
,200
<150
<20
190
<16
480
14
410
790
58
3.5
,800
,200
62
<300
<59
10
,000
41
630
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5
(i) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Pulp and Paper-board Mills.
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ARSENIC
.c-
oo
M
-C-
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
9
114
22
30
23
21
21
14
3
1
33
100
26
1
18
11
64
10
Number
of
detect ions
8
44
17
29
22
8
3
7
3
1
33
83
NA
1
18
3
33
10
Detected
Minimum
2.0
2.0
<3.0
4.0
<2.0
<10
10
81
17
<2.0
NA
NA
<4.0
4.5
1.0
2.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
18
72
380
400
750
30
10
2,600
76
1.0
4,800
1,500
NA
<1,000
800
300
160
7,000
U9/L
Mean
<10
12
<81
<45
<62
<11
10
1 ,500
47
<430
160
74
<86
110
24
740
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow
and analysis program
weighted averages.
data .
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected,
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
Q>
rt
i — •
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ARSENIC
^j Range of
.e-
oo
u>
M
•P-
Si
Ln
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a turn
-barium chloride
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sulf ide
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
-sodium sulf ide
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Reverse Osmosis
Sed {mentation
Solvent Extraction
Ul traf i 1 1 rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
14 1
4
2
1
2
1
6
2
1
3 1
2
2
2 4
16 6
7
3
6
1 24
1
1
29
4
Range of
remova 1 . %
0 - >99
NM
0-48
NM
>33
>99
25 - >99
96
74
25 - >75
NM
33
37 - 92
0 - >99
8 - >99
NM
57 - >99
0 - >99
48
NM
20 - 98*
>99
effluent
cone. . uq/L
<1 . 0
<20
4.0
<2.0
ND
10
<1 . o
BDL
4.0
BDL
BDL
ND
BDL
<1.0
BDL
BDL
ND
- 42
- <20
- 43
62
- 15
ND
- 80
- 68
62
- 110
- 360
- 17
- 62
- 120
- 18
- 31
- 15
- 230
140
BDL
- 160
- 22
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
section
number
1 I 1.3.1.1
I I 1.3.1.2
1 I 1.3.1.3
1 I 1.3.1.3
I 1 1.3.1.4
1 I 1.3.1.5
I 1 1.3.1.9
I 1 1.3.1.10
1 I 1.3.1.14
1 1 1.3.1.16
1 1 1.3.1.18
1 1 1.3.1.20
1 1 1.3.1.21
1 I 1 .3.2.1
1 1 1.3.2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a)(l) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to arsenic.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For freshwater aquatic life the concentration of total recoverable
trivalent inorganic arsenic should not exceed 440 yg/L at any time.
Short-term effects on embryos and larvae of aquatic vertebrate species have
been shown to occur at concentrations as low as 40 yg/L.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for total recoverable trivalent inorganic arsenic
indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentra-
tions as low as 508 yg/L and would occur at lower concentrations among species
that are more sensitive than those tested, No data are available concerning
the chronic toxicity of trivalent inorganic arsenic to sensitive saltwater
aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of arsenic through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no.recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed],
The corresponding criteria are 22 ng/L, 2.2 ng/L, and 0.22 ng/L, respectively.
If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only,
excluding consumption of water, the levels are 175 ng/L, 17.5 ng/L, and 1.75
ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk levels
may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is pre-
sented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment on
an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 10/8/82 1.4.2-6
-------
Compound: Asbestos
Formula; Chrysotile: Mg3Si205(OH)4;
Tremolite: CaMg3(Si03)4;
Crocidolite: Na2(Fe(II),Mg)3Fe(III)2Si8022(OH)2
Alternate Names [1-1]: Chrysotile; Amosite; Amphibole; Crocidolite;
Tremolite; Anthophylite
CAS ft; 1332-21-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties;
molecular weight: Varies
melting point, °C: Varies
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Unknown
vapor pressure (25°C), mg/L: Not applicable
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not applicable
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.3-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Asbestos is not photolyzed under environmental conditions
oxidation: Asbestos is resistant to oxidation
hydrolysis: Asbestos is not hydrolyzed under environmental conditions
volatilization: Negligible from aqueous solutions, may be aerosol under windy
conditions
sorption: Does not have an adsorptive affinity for solutes normally found in
natural water systems
biological processes: No evidence was found regarding bioaccumulation
other reactions/interactions: Asbestos is refractory in the aquatic
environment
Precipitation/Coagulation Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.3-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.4.3-2
-------
o
05
00
u>
U)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS
Industry
Nonferrous
Text i 1 e Mil
Meta Is
Us (a)
Manufacturing (c)
(b)
Number Number
of of
samples detections
10 10
15 7
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations, UQ/L
Minimum Maximum
2,500 1.3 x 10E11
1.0 200
Mean
2.2 x 10E10
31
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Mean calculated using medians.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
01
ft
n>
to
oo
U)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ASBESTOS
U)
i
Treated wastewater
Nonferrous
Text! le Mi
Industry
Metals Manufacturing (c)
Ms (a) (b)
Number
of
samples
2
11
Number
of
detect ions
2
3
Detected
Mini mum
2.0 x 10E10
1.0
concentrations. ua/L
Maximum
2.5 x 10E9
390
Mean
1 . 1 x 10E10
ito
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Mean calculated using medians.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
ft)
00
OJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ASBESTOS
Number of data points
M
OJ
Treatment process Pilot scale
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-barium chloride
- 1 i me
Fi 1 trat ion 8
Sedimentation 2
Ful 1 sea le
2
2
2
1U
Range of
Range of effluent
removal, % cone.. uq/L
75 5.7 x 10E8
95 - >99 6.1 x 10E6
36 - >99 1,600
50 - >99 1 .2 x 10E6
- 2.
- 8.
- 3.
- 3.
3
2
2
3
X
x
x
X
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
10E9
10E6
10E9
10E10
1 1 1.3.1.3
1 1 1 .3.1.9
I I 1.3.1.18
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to asbestos.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
No freshwater organisms have been tested with any asbestiform mineral and
no statement can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with any asbestiform mineral and
no statement can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of asbestos through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10'5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer risk for every 100,000 people
exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 300,000 fibers/L, 30,000 fibers/L,
and 3,000 fibers/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on a "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.3-6
-------
Compound; Beryllium
Formula; Be
Alternate Names: None
CAS tt; 7440-41-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3]:
atomic weight: 9.012
melting point, °C: 1,278
boiling point (5 mm Hg), °C: 2,970
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water (30°C), mg/L: BeO, 0.2
common oxidation states: cation - +2
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.4-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: No data found on photolysis of beryllium
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Soluble beryllium salts are hydrolyzed to form insoluble
beryllium hydroxide
volatilization: Airborne dusts are the most widely known hazard associated
with beryllium
sorption: Beryllium may be adsorbed by clays and other mineral surfaces
at low pH
biological processes: Beryllium is only slightly bioaccumulated
other reactions/interactions: No data were found relative to aquatic fate on
biotransformation of beryllium or its compounds
Precipitation/Coagulation Data.- Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.4-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.4.4-2
-------
a
Bl
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BERYLLIUM
to
co
M
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of of Detected concentrat ions^ u.q/L
Industry samples detections Minimum
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a ) Screen ing data .
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
19
104
3
3
19
28
21
71
53
39
3
31
84
2
33
16
17
58
23
1.1
19
32
3
3
15
25
10
67
5
15
3
31
43
NA
33
16
6
3
23
Introduction
0.2
0.0
0.2
<10
<0.5
<1 .0
<10
ND
0.63
0.01
1.0
<1.0
NA
NA
<4.0
<1.5
<10
2.0
0.5
for additional informat
Maximum
<15
450
15
20
<20
<15
16
110
13
120
10
310
920
NA
<73
<12
<10
3.0
19
ion.
Mean
<3.2
39
10
<13
<7.7
<2.1
<11
10
6.0
16
7.0
<43
140
35
-------
o
03
rt
CD
1— '
4>
OO
OJ
M
4>
4>
1
4>
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Texti le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samp les
1
114
2
2
21
19
3
33
73
2
19
17
12
78
10
OF BERYLLIUM
T
Number
of
detect ions
1
7
1
2
8
5
3
33
10
NA
19
17
3
1
10
reated wastewater
Detected
Mini mum
ND
<10
<10
1.3
1.0
<1.0
NA
NA
2.0
<1.5
2.0
2.0
concentrations.
Maximum
<1 .0
3.0
2.0
20
20
7.5
10
370
11
NA
20
<2.5
2.5
1.0
13
uq/L
Mean
2.0
<15
<10
3.6
7.0
<3U
5.0
30
<9.U
<2.1
2.3
3.1
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
(a
rt
(D
1-0
-0
M
•
**
j^
1
Ln
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR BERYLLIUM
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
- 1 i me
-sodium carbonate
-sulfide
-unspec if ied
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
-sodium sulfide
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 trat ion
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
14
it
2
^
5
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2 1
14 4
1 15
14
1
Range of
remova I . %
NM
NM
NM
NM
11 - >99
NM
>75
NM
NM
NM
NM
0
NM
0-71
0 - >98
NM
>50
Range of
ef f 1 uent
cone. . uq/L
<0.04 - 5.4
<2.0 - <2.5
<0.04 - <4.0
<6.0 - <10
ND - <10
<20
<1.0 - 11
BDL
<4.0
<0.04
BDL - <15
<1.0 - 1.0
<0.04 - 2.2
<0.04 - <10
BDL - 20
BDL - BDL
<1.0
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.9
.18
2.1
2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act, These summaries apply
to beryllium.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for beryllium indicate that acute and chronic toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 130 and 5.3
yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species that
are more sensitive than those tested. Hardness has a substantial effect on
acute toxicity.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The limited saltwater data base available for beryllium does not permit
any statement concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of beryllium through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 68 ng/L, 6.8 ng/L, and 0.68
ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 1,170
ng/L, 117 ng/L, and 11.7 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations represent-
ing different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The
risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not
represent an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.4-6
-------
Compound: Cadmium
Formula; Cd
Alternate Names: None
CAS tt; 7440-43-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
atomic weight: 112.4
melting point, °C: 321
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 765
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water, mg/L: CdCl2, 1.40 x 106 at 20°C; CdS, 1.3 at 18°C;
Cd(OH)2, 2.6 at 25°C
common oxidation states: cation - +2 (always +2 in water)
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.5-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: It is not an important mechanism in determining fate of cadmium
compounds
oxidation: In reducing condition, Cd may precipitate with reduced sulfur to
form CdS
hydrolysis: Aqueous solutions of cadmium salts are hydrolyzed to form
hydroxide compounds
volatilization: It is not known to form volatile compounds
sorption: Sorption processes are important in determining cadmium transport,
partitioning, and potential for remobilization
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation in the tissues of aquatic and
marine organisms
other reactions/interactions: Organic ligands of biological origin may
affect solubility and adsorption
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.5-1
-------
Precipitation/Coagulation Data, Cadmium [1-5] :
Test Conditions:
Sample: (a) river water
(b) well water
Coagulant dose (not reported) .- (a) ferric sulfate
(b) alum
(c) lime softening
Initial concentration, all tests: cadmium, 0.03 mg/L
Most effective methods reported: ferric sulfate coagulation, above pH 8
lime softening
excess lime softening
100
OBSERVED REMOVAL
8 9
pH OF TREATED WATER
Date: 10/8/82
1.4.5-2
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CADMIUM
00
us
01
i
us
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Coi 1 Coating
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (i)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( f )
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samD les
80
104
45
54
28
79
81
28
27
260
59
43
4
32
106
24
33
16
5
1
20
76
23
Number
of
detect ions
79
24
45
54
24
71
27
27
7
190
38
35
4
32
54
NA
33
16
5
1
14
25
23
Detected
Min imum
<2.0
6.0
0.2
<10
<0.5
ND
0.58
0.3
20
ND
0.47
0.46
6.0
4.5
NA
NA
<8.0
<1.5
<1.0
<1.0
1.0
0.5
concentrat
Maximum
520
290
1,600
4,000
180
2.3 x 10E5
270
15
2,200
22,000
51,000
9,600
11
80,000
1,200
NA
810
<100
43
1.0
100
46
10
ions. U.Q/L
Mean
<49
42
<120
<290
<28
5,500
33
<3.8
680
320
1,700
1,400
9.5
<5,200
210
10
<77
<13
<9.7
<19
7.0
2.4
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5 ug/L.
(i) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
pi
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CADMIUM
N3
00
LO
Ln
•P-
Treated wastewater
Number Number
of of
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mi ning ( b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
Detected concentrations. uq/L
samples detections Minimum
12
114
24
35
30
16
27
3
23
19
1
3
33
92
25
19
17
5
12
96
10
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional i
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow
and analysis program data
on the number of samples
weighted averages.
12
16
21
35
27
16
13
3
16
16
1
3
33
36
NA
19
17
5
9
31
10
<2.0
3.0
0.1
<1.0
<0.5
1.0
0.3
5.0
1.0
1.5
2.0
<2.0
NA
NA
<9.0
<1.5
<1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Maximum
60
23
120
1,500
500
68
840
50
74
5,200
110
10
7,600
77
NA
100
<12
37
9.0
130
7.0
Mean
<12
12
<21
<97
<61
18
<76
26
18
880
7.3
<880
14
13
<31
<7.7
<8.7
14
8.0
3.1
nformat ion.
f
, not
detect ions.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
»
rt
r»
t— '
N>
*-
00
W
1™^
.£»
Ui
1
u>
POLLUTANT REMOVAB i LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CADMIUM
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-alum
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-sulf ide
-unspecified
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
-1 ime
-sodium sulf ide
-unspec i f ied
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Reverse Osmosis
Sedimentation
UI traf i 1 trat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
14 3
H
2
5
5
1 13
2
3
1
17
1 1
2
2
6
2 H
17 12
9
3
6
2 23
4 2
29
1
Range of
remova 1 , %
76 - 95
NM
NM
38 - 88
>99
22 - >99
67 - >99
28 - >99
NM
0-99
>99
NM
65 - 86
0-64
>99
0 - >99
0 - >99
>97
0-50
0 - >99
56 - 93
0 - 99*
>97
Range of
effluent
cone.. uq/L
<1 .5 - <40
<1.5 - <10
<2.0 - 250
12 - 47
ND - <80
ND - 80
4.0 - <5.0
ND - 930
73
5.0 - 100
ND - <2.0
<14 - 120
6.0 - 6.0
BDL - 19
BDL - 20
ND - 97
BDL - <72
BDL - 200
14-48
ND - 200
BDL - <200
BDL - 20
<2.0
Vo I ume 1 1 I
sect ion
number
I I 1 .3.1.1
1 1 1.3.1.2
I I 1 .3. 1 .3
1 1 1 .3. 1 .3
I 1 I .3.1.4
II 1. 3. 1.5
1 1 1.3.1.9
1 1 1.3.1.10
I I 1.3.1.14
H I .3. 1. 16
I 1 1 .3. 1 . 18
I I I .3.1.21
I I I. 3. 2.1
1 1 1 ,3.2.2
NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA pursuant
to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply to
cadmium.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable cadmium the criterion (in yg/L) to protect fresh-
water aquatic life as derived using the Guidelines in the numerical value
given by e (1.05 [In (hardness)] -8.53) as a 24-hour average and the concen-
tration (in yg/L) should not exceed the numerical value given by e (1.05 [In
(hardness)] -3.73) at any time. For example, at hardnesses of 50, 100, and
200 mg/L as CaCo3 the criteria are 0.012, 0.025, and 0.051 yg/L, respectively,
and the concentration of total recoverable cadmium should not exceed 1.5, 3.0
and 6.3 yg/L, respectively, at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable cadmium the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 4.5 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the
concentration should not exceed 59 yg/L at any time.
Human Health
The ambient water quality criterion for cadmium is recommended to be
identical to the existing drinking water standard which is 10 yg/L. Analysis
of the toxic effects data resulted in a calculated level which is protective
of human health against the ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated
aquatic organisms. The calculated value is comparable to the present stan-
dard. For this reason a selective criterion based on exposure solely from
consumption of 6.5 grams of aquatic organisms was not derived.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.5-6
-------
Compound; Chromium
Formula: Cr
Alternate Names: None
CAS ft; 7440-47-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3]:
atomic weight: 52.00
melting point, °C: 1,860
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 2,670
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water (0°C), mg/L: Cr03 (as H2Cr04), 6.17 x 10s
common oxidation states: cations - +2, +3, +6
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.6-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Not important
oxidation: Cr(Vl) slowly transformed to more stable Cr(III), Cr (II) oxidizes
readily to Cr(III)
hydrolysis: Cr(III) transformed to Cr(OH)3 or Cr203 (both insoluble at
neutral or alkaline pH) *
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Cr(VI) may be adsorbed by organic materials; sorption of Cr(III)
may be ancillary to precipitation of Cr(OH)3; strongly sorbed by
activated carbon
biological processes: Bioaccumulated by many aquatic organisms and passed on
through the food chain; biogenic complexing agents may
have some effect on chromium distribution
other reactions/interactions: Cr(VI) is very toxic to aquatic organisms
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.6-1
-------
Precipitation/Coagulation Data, Chromium [1-5]
Test Conditions: Cr (III)
Sample: (a) river water
(b) well water
Coagulant dose:
(a,b) ferric sulfate - 30 mg/L
(a,b) alum - 30 mg/L
(b) lime softening - unspecified
Cr (VI)
(a) river water
(b) well water
(a) ferric sulfate - 30 mg/L
(b) ferrous sulfate - 30 mg/L
(a) alum - 30 mg/L
(b) lime softening -
unspecified
Initial concentration:
All tests - 0.15 mg/L
Most effective methods reported:
ferric sulfate coagulation,
pH 6-9
alum coagulation, pH 7-9
excess lime softening
0.15 mg/L
ferric sulfate coagulation,
pH 7-9.5
100
OBSERVED REMOVAL
80
a
o
O
in
60
40
Ul
o
85
n.
20-
Cr (VI) FERROUS SULFATE COAGULATION
• •ter)
— | Cr (III) FERRIC SULFATE COAGULATION
(••II water)
Cr (III) ALUM COAGULATION
(••II water)
Cr (VI) FERRIC SULFATE COAGULATION
(rlvir •il*r)
• Cr (VI) ALUM COAGULATION
(river water)
Cr (III) LIME SOFTENING
(••II «al«r)
Cr (VI) LIME SOFTENING
(••II water)
8 9
pH OF TREATED WATER
Date: 10/8/82
1.4.6-2
-------
o
n-
rt>
i—»
to
co
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHROMIUM
U)
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Co i 1 Coat ing
Electrica 1 /Electronic Components (c)
Found r ies
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (i)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( f )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5 (ig/
(i) Minimum, max i urn, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
Number
of
Number
of
samples detections
85
104
48
103
18
30
78
81
28
36
172
59
39
5
8
32
85
72
33
16
178
5
4
25
76
23
1.1 1 ntroduct
L .
84
64
48
103
18
26
71
71
27
16
132
53
39
5
8
32
70
NA
33
16
178
5
4
22
61
23
ion for add
Detected concentrat
Mi n imum
<4.0
6.0
4.0 4.
3.0 3.
430 5.
7.0 7.
ND 3.
4.0 9.
<1 . 0
7.0
ND
1.6
0.49
83
1 .0
1.7 5.
NA
NA
<53 1.
<7.5
<1 . 0
6.0
4.9
3.0
1.0
1.0
itional informa,t
Maximum
8,800
7,500
2 x 10E5
7 x 10E5
5 x 10E5
9 x 10E5
2 x 10E5
6 x 10E5
1,200
4,600
35,000
3,100
1,100
1,500
150
2 x 10E5
18,000
NA
2 x 10E5
1,300
1,800
720
99
26,000
4,900
3,900
ion.
ions. uq/L
Mean
<400
290
24,000
19,000
1 .3 x 10E5
<36,000
7,900
1.3 x 10E5
<120
<660
1,600
260
200
560
62
<19,000
3,800
390
<14,000
<380
58
300
35
<3,800
330
210
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
u
ft
tD
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHROMIUM
I
-p-
Treated wastewater
Number Number
of of
1 industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coat ing
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Texti le Mills (b) (f )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
Detected concentrations. iiq/L
samples detections Minimum
13
114
b) 28
92
6
32
16
35
23
23
20
5
7
34
75
69
19
17
13
63
27
91
6
29
16
20
23
16
19
5
7
34
26
NA
19
17
163 162
5
12
96
10
5
12
65
10
See Section 1.1 Introduction for
.
<5.0
6.0
5.0 1
9.0 1
<20
<1 .0 1
3.3 1
<10
U.O
2.6
2.0
48
2.0
<4.0
NA
NA
<25
<7.5
ND
19
4.0
1.0
1.0
additional informat
Maximum
620
860
.3 x 10E5
.0 x 10E5
20,000
.0 x 10E6
.0 x 10E5
<150
23,000
170
1,100
740
81
20,000
1,800
NA
17,000
1,000
1,100
410
1,000
1,800
4,400
ion.
Mean
<190
46
<5,000
<3,200
<4,200
<99,000
7,300
<26
1,900
46
290
230
30
<1,300
140
73
<1,100
<110
33
150
110
97
450
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
based on the number of samples
flow weighted averages.
, not
detect i ons.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
o
rt
ro
POLLUTANT REMOVAB!LITY/TREATABILiTY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CHROMIUM
€»
ON
I
Ul
Number of data points
Treatment process
Pi lot sea le
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular 15
-powdered 4
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone 2
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn 1
-barium chloride
-combined precipitahts
-lime 1
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-sul fide
-unspec if ied
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
-sodium sul fide
-unspec i f ied
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 ra t i on
Flotation
Ion Exchange
Neutra 1 izat ion
Oi 1 Separat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed i mentation
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
-non-aerated
Trickl ing Fi 1 ter
2
18
7
I
7
Ful 1 sea le
3
7
2
5
17
2
it
1
19
1
2
2
8
8
15
12
1
1
3
33
2
39
7
1
1
Range of
remova 1 , %
10 - 95
73 - 97
NM
13-95
50 - 93
37 - >99
47 - >99
>99
79 - 99
8
12 - >99
NM
>67
88
18
72
0
20
82
3
0
67
5
0
- 95
- >99
- 99
- >99
- >99
96
>99
- >98
- 67
- >99
- 82
- 99
- 99
>99
NM
Range of Volume 1
effluent section
cone., UQ/L number
<4.0
2**
6.3
34
25
NO
NO
27
18
5.0
<50
130
5.0
17
<4.0
2.0
9.0
100
BDL
2.0
BDL
9.0
I I .
- 260
- 110
1 1.
- <200
III.
- 280
- 30
- 17,000
- 250
- 430
- 3,000
60
- 7.9 X 10E5
1 1.
6.7
- <50
-
-
-
-
-
490
HO
-
-
-
-
-
-
ND
17
610
1.3 x 10E5
1,300
320
620
240
900
30,000
2,900
20,000
1 .
1 .
1 .
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
I .
1 .
1,100
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
B
,
(
.
,
.
3
3
1
•
,
i
1
1
1
1
i
i
.
.
i
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.9
.10
.12
.13
.14
.16
.18
.21
2. 1
2.2
BOL> below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to chromium.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable hexavalent chromium the criterion to protect fresh-
water aquatic life as derived using the Guidelines is 0.29 yg/L as a 24-hour
average and the concentration should not exceed 21 yg/L at any time.
For freshwater aquatic life the concentration (in yg/L) of total re-
coverable trivalent chromium should not exceed the numerical value given by
"e(1.08[ln(hardness)] + 3.48)" at any time. For example, at hardnesses of 50,
100, and 200 mg/1 as CaC03 the concentration of total recoverable trivalent
chromium should not exceed 2,200, 4,700, and 9,900 yg/L, respectively, at any
time. The available data indicate that chronic toxicity to freshwater aquatic
life occurs at concentrations as low as 44 yg/L and would occur at lower con-
centrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable hexavalent chromium the criterion to protect salt-
water aquatic life as derived using the Guidelines is 18 yg/L as a 24-hour
average and the concentration should not exceed 1,260 yg/L at any time.
For total recoverable trivalent chromium, the available data indicate
that acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low
as 10,300 yg/L, and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are
more sensitive than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic
toxicity of trivalent chromium to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of Chromium
III ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 170 mg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of Chromium
III ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 3,433 mg/L.
The ambient water quality criterion for total Chromium VI is recommended
to be identical to the existing drinking water standard which is 50 yg/L.
Analysis of the toxic effects data resulted in a calculated level which is
protective of human health against the ingestion of contaminated water and
contaminated aquatic organisms. The calculated value is comparable to the
present standard. For this reason a selective criterion based on exposure
solely from consumption of 6.5 grams of aquatic organisms was not derived.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.6-6
-------
Compound; Copper
Formula; Cu
Alternate Names; None
CAS ft; 7440-50-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
atomic weight: 63.55
melting point, °C: 1,080
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 2,570
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water (0°C), mg/L: CuCl2, 7.06 x 105
common oxidation states: cations - +1, +2, +3
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.7-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Not important
oxidation: Cu(I) quickly oxidized in water; transformation Cu(II) to CuO and
Cu2(OH)2C03 very pH-dependent
hydrolysis: CuO and Cu2(OH)2C03 formed, but less effective than sorption
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Sorbed by hydrous iron and manganese oxides, enhanced by complexing
with ligands
biological processes: Bioaccumulated by all organisms, but not biomagnified;
biotransformation not important
other reactions/interactions: Organic ligands are important in sorption and
complexation processes
Precipitation/Coagulation Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.7-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.4.7-2
-------
0
BJ
(f
(D
to
03
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF COPPER
i
U)
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of
Industry samo
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mi n ing ( b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Coi 1 Coat ing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Explosives Manufacturing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (i)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( f )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5 l-ig/L
(i) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
67
104
47
104
18
29
54
81
28
34
198
57
39
5
5
8
32
103
72
33
17
178
4
8
41
76
23
I . 1
,
of
les detections
67
75
47
104
18
25
52
58
27
24
190
57
37
5
5
8
32
100
NA
33
17
178
4
8
41
69
23
Introduction for add
Detected concentrat
Mi n imum
0.9
4.0
4.0 2.
12
35
9.0 2.
ND
4.0
5.0
20 1 .
ND 5.
29
0.15 8.
5.0
33
20
21 2.
NA 4.
NA
100 1.
<4.5
<1.0
<7.3
6.7
4.0 1.
3.0
8.0
i t iona I informat
Maximum
11,000
6,500
2 x 10E6
28,000
740
4 x 10E6
3,200
980
1,800
1 x 10E5
0 x 10E5
2,700
1 x 10E5
940
3,500
6,700
1 x 10E6
6 x 10E5
NA
0 x 10E5
380
650
1,400
3,400
2 x 10E7
3,100
1,600
ion.
ions. uq/L
Mean
<1,100
430
90,000
1,700
170
<99,000
280
67
400
6,000
8,600
330
53,000
200
1,200
1,600
86,000
80,000
90
9,400
<79
53
<360
460
4.5 x 10E5
290
320
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
o
03
rt
n>
NJ
•c-
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF COPPER
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Pa per board Mills (g)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (h)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
13
111
26
93
6
32
16
32
25
23
20
5
7
34
90
65
19
18
163
4
12
96
10
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for add i
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow
Number
of
detections
13
61
24
92
6
29
15
24
25
23
19
5
7
34
83
NA
19
18
162
4
11
82
10
tional information.
Detected
Min imum
1.0
3.0
1.0
7.0
5.0
<4.0 2
1.0
7.0
4.3
24
3.0
16
3.0
6.1 3
NA
NA
<60
<4.5
<1.0
<5.0
8.0
2.0
18
concentrations. uq/L
Maximum
660
46
18,000
1,000
37
.2 x 10E6
120
2,400
40,000
15,000
6,000
3,000
61
.0 x 10E5
4,600
NA
27,000
300
160
410
80
320
280
Mean
250
15
<1,100
<120
<15
<1.6 x 10E5
17
<190
2,800
2,400
1,200
1,200
25
<14,000
230
40
<1,600
<40
<21
<110
33
54
96
and analysis program data.
on the number of
weighted averages
samples, not detect
.
ions.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR COPPER
\v
NJ
•
00
UJ
M
•O
*
|
Ul
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ch lorine
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
-barium chloride
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-su 1 f ide
-unspec i f ied
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
-sodium sulfide
-unspec i f ied
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
F lotat ion
Neutra 1 izat ion
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Ul traf i 1 1 rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
-non-aerated
Trickl ing Fi Iters
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
16 3
1
1
2
1 6
2
5
1 25
2
5
1
19
1 1
2
2
7
2 8
21 15
12
1
3
7
2 38
1 2
39
8
1
1
Range of
remova I . %
13
61
30
>50
13
31
1
36
0
72
21
>0
0
9
93
61
0
>11
2
26
- >85
- 96
11
NM
- >99
- 73
- 98
- >99
- 83
- 98
88
- >99
99
>98
- 91
- 99
- 99
- >99
- 98
98
- 99*
- 90
- >99
- 99
- >99*
- 91
NM
NM
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
effluent section
cone.. uq/L number
<1.0
<5.5
- 360
- 29
1 1 1 .3.1.1
1 1 1 .3. 1 .2
320
85
ND
<20
9.0
ND
18
1.0
1.0
16
<25
260
BDL -
<10
<1.0
5.0
BDL
26
ND
BDL
BDL
5.0
- 590
- 27,000
- 30
- <320
- 700
- 1,300
- 5,900
38
- 2.2 x 10E6
- 100
- 30
- 110
1,700
- 170
- 1,500
- 660
30
- 150
- 28,000
- 1,100
- 1,100
- 170
- 3,000
18
12
111,3.1.3
1 1 1 .3. 1 .3
1 1 1 .3. 1 .1
1 1 1.3.1.5
1 1 1.3.1 .9
1 1 1.3.1.10
1 1 1 . 3 . 1 . T3
1 1 1.3.1.11
1 1 1 .3.1.16
I I 1.3.1.18
I I 1 .3.1 .21
1 1 1 .3.2.1
I I I .3.2.2
I I I. 3. 2. 5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Ac.t. These summaries apply
to copper.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable copper the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 5.6 y9/^ as a 24-hour average and the
concentration (in y9/L) should not exceed the numerical value given by e(0.94
[In(hardness)] - 1.23) at any time. For example, at hardnesses of 50, 100, and
200 mg/1 CaC03 the concentration of total recoverable copper should not exceed
12, 22, and 43 y9/L at anY time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable copper the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 4.0 ]ig/L as a 24-hour average and the
concentration should not exceed 23 yg/L at any time.
Human Health
Sufficient data is not available for copper to derive a level which would
protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using available
organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of
ambient water, the estimated level is 1 mg/L. It should be recognized that
organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse
human health effects.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.7-6
-------
Compound; Cyanides (Total)
Formula; • Cyanide ion; CN~
• Hydrogen cyanide; HCN (Prussia acid)
• Nitriles; RCN (R = organic group)
Alternate Names: None
CASJh 57-12-5 for cyanide ion/74-90-8 for HCN
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties for HCN [1-1]:
molecular weight: (HCN) 27.03
melting point, °C: -13.3
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 25.6
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 620
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: soluble in all proportions
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.8-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Presence of titanium dioxide causes rapid photooxidation of
cyanide ion; otherwise, only some metallocyanides are
photodecomposed
oxidation: Strong oxidizing agents are required to oxidize cyanides
hydrolysis: Too slow to compete with other fate mechanisms
volatilization: HCN, which composes almost all the free cyanides under
natural conditions, is very rapidly volatilized
sorption: Cyanides are sorbed by organic materials and to some extent clay
minerals (including clays, biological solids, activated carbon,
and sediments), but high solubility precludes strong adsorption
biological processes: Toxicity precludes bioaccumulation; almost all organisms
biodegrade cyanides, but not as rapidly as volitalization
other reactions/interactions: Forms simple alkali cyanides and complex metal
and organic cyanides
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.4.8-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.4.8-2
-------
0
CD
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CYANIDES (TOTAL)
oo
U)
oo
i
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Co i 1 Coat ing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling (i)
Explosives Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mi Ms (g)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( f )
Number
of
samo I es
11
57
5
21
11
1
36
79
28
12
197
to
21
5
7
68
18
6
17
99
1
11
65
Number
of
detect ions
38
3
1
17
9
1
26
50
25
21
159
31
1
5
7
24
NA
6
16
90
1
2
21
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for add
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5
(i) Cyanides (total) was detected in screening
there is no verification data.
H9/L.
, however
Detected
Min imum
<10
2.0
710
3.0
10
<0.2
NO
5.0
2.0
0.1
NO
3.0
1.0
6.0
20
NA
NA
26
<10
ND
0. 1
1.0
1.0
concentrat
Maximum
1,000
8.0
1 . 1 x 10E5
13,000
100
1,300
7,200
7,500
<10
210
2.1 x 10E6
1,700
110
2,600
270
1,200
NA
510
1,300
2,600
16
15,000
210
ions. uq/L
Mean
<130
6.0
30,000
11,000
39
<560
1460
530
<9.6
31
1 . 1 x 10E5
210
29
560
160
320
12,000
<220
160
130
8.9
7,500
37
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
G
PJ
to
O3
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CYANIDES (TOTAL)
00
1
Treated wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coating
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
of
of
samples detections
8
62
b) 3
29
6
24
16
to
31
24
8
57
to
1
17
8U
12
91
See Section I . 1
8
5
3
28
6
23
9
3U
27
18
8
14
NA
1
16
75
2
34
Introduction for add
Detected
Min imum
<10
3.0
10
1.0
<10
0.6
0.5
1.0
ND
20
O.U6
NA
NA
<0.5
ND
22
3.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
530
7.0
360
38,000
too
100
8UO
U90
25,000
1,200
250
600
NA
660
140
200
22
980
uq/L
Mean
<130
5.0
150
3,500
<110
<23
130
-------
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CYANIDES (TOTAL)
\v
t— '
\
oo
Ui
HH
f-
00
i
Ul
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ch lor ine
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
-combined precipitants
- 1 i me
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-unspecified
Chemical Prec ipi tat ion with Filtration
- 1 ime
-sodium sulfide
-unspec if ied
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotat ion
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed i mentation
Solvent Extraction
Ul traf i It rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Trick 1 ing Fi 1 ters
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
10
3
1 2
t
6
4
8
2
3
18
1
1
2
5
2 3
13 9
7
3
4
2 18
1
2
35
3
1
Range of
remova I . %
0
50
82
>33
52
>99
0
0
0
26
0
0
>50
- >90
- 68
- >99
- >98
NM
>86
- >99
50*
- >99
- >99
NM
NM
- 80
- 40
- >60
- >99
- <62
13
- 91
20 - >99
0
91
27
45
- >99
- >99
79
Range of
effluent
cone. . UQ/L
<2.0
<20
<2.0
<2.0
BDL
<15
ND
<5.0
ND
BDL
- 4.0
- 45
- 130
- 1,500
- <120
- <31
- 5,500
-5.0*
- BDL
- 5,200
27
Vo 1 ume III
sect ion
number
I I I .3.1.1
I I I .3. 1 .2
I I 1.3.1.3
I I I .3.1.3
<20
5.0
<5.0
BDL
2.0
<10
BDL
<4.0
ND
BDL
ND
ND
- 400
- 190
- 14
- 260
- 2,300
- 13
- 2,200
- 4,500
16,000
- 6.0
- 38,000
- 150
16
I I I .3.1.4
I I 1.3.1.5
I I I .3.1.9
I I I .3.1 .10
I I I .3.1 .14
I I I .3. 1 . 16
1 1 1 .3.1 . 18
1 1 1 .3. 1 .20
1 1 1 .3.1.21
I I 1.3.2.1
I I I. 3. 2. 2
I I I. 3. 2. 5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to cyanide.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For free cyanide (sum of cyanide present as HCN and CN", expressed as CN)
the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life as derived using the Guidelines
is 3.5 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration should not exceed 52
yg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for free cyanide (sum of cyanide present as HCN and
CN", expressed as CN) indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic life
occurs at concentrations as low as 30 yg/L and would occur at lower concen-
trations among species that are more sensitive than those tested. If the acute-
chronic ratio foi» saltwater organisms is similar to that for freshwateY or-
ganisms, chronic toxicity would occur at concentrations as low as 2.0 yg/L
for the tested species and at lower concentrations among species that are more
sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
The ambient water quality criterion for cyanide is recommended to be
identical to the existing drinking water standard which is 200 yg/L. Analysis
of the toxic effects data resulted in a calculated level which is protective
of human health against the ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated
aquatic organisms. The calculated value is comparable to the present standard.
For this reason a selective criterion based on exposure solely from consumption
of 6.5 grams of aquatic organisms was not derived.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.8-6
-------
Compound; Lead
Formula; Pb
Alternate Names; None
CAS tt; 7439-92-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3]:
atomic weight: 207.2
melting point, °C: 328
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 1,740
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: PbO, 17; PbCl2, 9.9 x 103
common oxidation states: cations - +2, +4
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.9-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Not important
oxidation/reduction: Pb(IV) readily reduces to Pb(II); solubility control
by PbS04 at low pH and by PbC03 at high pH
hydrolysis: Not important at pH <11.5
volatilization: Importance of volatilization of (CH3)4Pb unknown in natural
condition
sorption: Pb removed to sediments effectively by inorganic solids, hydrous
iron oxides and crystalline structures
biological processes: Bioaccumulation by aquatic organisms and biomethylation
by microbes under anaerobic conditions
other reactions/interactions: Forms insoluble complexes with major environ-
mental anions - hydroxide, carbonate, sulfide
and sulfate
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.9-1
-------
Precipitation/Coagulation Data, Lead [1-5]:
Test Conditions:
Sample: (a) river water - pH 7.3
{b) well water - pH 7.5
Coagulant dose: (a,b) ferric sulfate - 30 mg/L
(a,b) alum - 30 mg/L
(b) lime softening, unspecified
Initial concentration, all tests: lead, 0.15 mg/L
Most effective methods reported: ferric sulfate coagulation, pH 6-9
alum coagulation, pH 6-9
lime softening
excess lime softening
OBSERVED REMOVAL
100
80
Q
ui
_i
u.
O
o
ui
ec
i-
LU
O
tu
Q.
40
20
I ALUM COAGULATION
(*•• «•(•!)
I
I
8 9
pH OF TREATED WATER
to
11
12
Date: 10/8/82
1.4.9-2
-------
a
(a
it
ID
CO
Ul
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF LEAD
I
Ul
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of
of
Industry samples detections
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (f) (g)
Co i 1 Coat ing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Explosives Manufacturing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Detections may include values less than 5 u.g/L
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
88
104
47
94
18
41
78
81
28
42
248
59
39
11
5
4
32
86
40
33
16
178
1
5
19
23
1 .1
,
87
41
47
92
18
36
41
35
27
28
192
16
38
6
5
4
32
70
NA
33
16
178
1
5
17
23
Introduction for add
Detected concent rat
Mini mum
<20
2.0
2.5 3.
<10 1.
28
4.0
ND
5.5
3.5
<10 1 .
ND 3.
13
4.0 8.
10
12
25
<20 2.
NA 1 .
NA
22 9.
18
<1.0
13
1.7
1.0
i t iona 1 informat
Maximum
22,000
5,500
7 x 10E5
6 x 10E6
3,500
57,000
46,000
3,600
360
4 x 10E5
9 x 10E5
400
8 x 10E5
110
42
210
6 x 10E7
3 x 10E5
NA
0 x 10E5
320
9,000
70
57
5,200
91
ion.
ions, uq/L
Mean
<2,000
490
11,000
<20,000
680
<3,000
<1,600
650
<84
<16,000
4,500
130
44,000
43
20
72
<9.2 x 10E5
4,200
150
<8,400
<77
150
27
<610
17
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
o
rt
n>
tsj
-p-
00
U>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF LEAD
M
-P-
VD
I
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coat ing
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Neferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
13
114
24
80
6
32
16
40
9
20
20
3
4
34
75
40
19
17
163
1
12
10
Treated
Number
wastewater
of Detected concentrations, |iq/L
detections Min
13
22
23
imum Maximum
<20 1
2.0
1.0 1
80 <1.0 5
6
29
8
32
6
8
1 4
3
4
34
31
NA
19
17
161
1
9
10
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow
8.0
7.0 30
12
5.9 8
ND 2
5.0
97 8.8
13
25
<17 4.5
NA
NA
98 <16
<18
ND
1.2
1.0
information
,000
620
,500
,500
80
,000
290
,500
,000
48
x 10E5
58
HO
x 10E6
960
NA
,000
110
190
670
60
37
.
Mean
<210
66
<120
<320
43
<3,300
120
<640
250
21
1 . 1 x 10E5
29
31
<1.4 x 10E5
130
63
<1,800
<39
13
13
9.9
and analysis program data.
on the number of
weighted averages.
samples, not detections
f
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
o
01
rt
(D
NJ
^
00
M
-0
•
VO
1
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER
TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR LEAD
Number of data points
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-chlorine
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-barium chloride
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-su 1 fide
-unspec if ied
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
-sodium sulfide
-unspec if ied
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Flotat ion
Oi 1 Separation
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
-non-aerated
Trickl ing Fi 1 ters
Pi lot sea le
15
4
2
1
i|
i|
2
24
6
2
4
Ful 1 sea le
2
1
7
2
5
18
2
4
1
19
1
2
2
8
6
17
13
3
34
2
38
6
1
1
Range of
remova 1 . %
2 - >72
>78
0
>29
0-96
83
0 - >99
0 - >99
94 - >99
>99 - >99
>'\ 4
26 - 99
85 - >99
>77 - 95
58* - 77
25 - >99
0 - >99
0 - >99
9 - <99
97* - 99
11-34
0 - >99
>itt - 94
0 - >99
>2Z - >99
>99
NM
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
effluent section
cone.. uq/L number
<1 8
<:18
<22
23
30
ND
ND
15
ND
BDL
ND
<73
BDL
ND
BDL
BDL
ND
BDL
250
ND
BDL
ND
ND
- 400
- 38
2,500
- <900
- 800
- 50
- 14,000
- 440
- 1,900
- ND
<50
- 1,000
- 94
- 2,900
- 32
- 1.2 x 10E5
- 580
- 2,100
- 1,000
- 600
- 520
- 16,000
- 1,000
- 220
- 80
ND
49
1 1 1 .3.1.1
1 1 1 .3. 1 .2
M 1 .3.1.3
1 1 1.3-1.3
I I 1.3.1.4
I I I. 3. 1.5
1 1 1 .3.1.9
1 1 1 .3.1.10
1 1 1.3.1.14
1 1 1 .3. 1 . 16
1 1 1 .3.1 . 18
1 1 1 .3. 1 .21
1 1 1 .3.2.1
1 1 1 .3.2.2
1 1 1 .3.2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; ••'•approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to lead.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable lead the criterion (in yg/L) to protect freshwater
aquatic life as derived using the Guidelines is the numerical value given
by e(2.35[ln(hardness)] - 9.48) as a 24-hour average and the concentration
(in yg/L) should not exceed the numerical value given by e(1.22[ln (hardness)]
- 0.47) at any time. For example, at hardnesses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L as
CaC03 the criteria are 0.75, 3.8, and 20 yg/L, respectively, as 24-hour averages,
and the concentrations should not exceed 74, 170, and 400 yg/L, respectively,
at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for total recoverable lead indicate that acute and
chronic toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as
668 and 25 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
The ambient water quality criterion for lead is recommended to be identical
to the existing drinking water standard which is 50 yg/L. Anaylsis of the toxic
effects data resulted in a calculated level which is protective to human health
against the ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms.
The calculated value is comparable to the present standard. For this reason a
selective criterion based on exposure solely from consumption of 6.5 grams of
aquatic organisms was not derived.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.9-6
-------
Compound; Mercury
Formula; Hg
Alternate Names [1-1]: Quick silver,- Liquid silver
CAS tt; 7439-97-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
atomic weight: 200.6
melting point, °C: -38.9
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 357
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 0.0012.
solubility in water, mg/L: HgO, 53 at 25°C; HgS (0), 0.01 at 18°C;
HgS (3), insoluble; HgCl2, 6.9 x 10« at 20°C
common oxidation states: cations - +1, +2
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.10-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: Breakdown of atmospheric dimethyl mercury to methyl mercury of
slight importance
oxidation/reduction: Oxidation of metallic mercury forms ionic mercury
(later adsorbed); reduction forms HgS precipitate
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Metallic Hg, methylated Hg, and adsorbed Hg all volatilizable
sorption: Hg is adsorbed by most particles, buried in sediment, and reduced
to HgS
biological processes: Bioaccumulated by all organisms and readily methylated
metabolically
other reactions/interactions: Most common forms are elemental mercury,
mercuric compounds, and organic complexes
Date: 10/8/82 1.4.10-1
-------
Precipitation/Coagulation Data, Mercury [1-5] :
Test Conditions: Inorganic
Sample: unspecified
Coagulant dose: not reported
Initial concentration, all tests: unspecified
Most effective methods reported:
ferric sulfate coagulation,
pH 7-8
Organic
unspecified
not reported
100
o
£ 80
60
HI
DC
HI
O
cc
HI
CL
40
20
0
OBSERVED REMOVAL BY LIME SOFTENING
INORGANIC Hg
I
METHYL Hg
8 9 10
pH OF TREATED WATER
11
Date: 10/8/82
1.4.10-2
-------
pj
rt
n>
00
CD
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF MERCURY
O
U)
Raw wastewater
Number Number
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Win ing ( b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (f) (g)
Electrica 1 /Electron ic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a ) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
of
Of
samples detections
69
104
39
4
37
57
28
42
214
54
7
32
87
36
29
15
178
4
1
18
23
I . 1
69
44
39
4
33
43
27
22
67
8
7
32
54
NA
29
14
178
4
1
9
23
Introduction for addi
Detected
Mi n imum
<0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
<0.05
ND
<1.0
0.01
ND
0.2
1.0
<0.1
NA
NA
<1.0
<0.1
<0.5
1.1
<0.2
0.05
concentrations. ug/L
Maximum
51
43
1 .2 x 10E5
34
21
1 .2 x 10E5
51
<10
400
29,000
310
6,400
20
NA
55,000
<1.6
2.4
3.2
76
15,000
18
Mean
<2.4
5.0
3,900
17
<2.4
2,200
<4.7
<2.4
4.0
5,900
42
<240
4.0
2.0
<6,100
<0.65
<0.56
2.2
<1,700
2.9
itional information.
(g) Detections may include values less than 5 ng/L.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
IB
S3
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF MERCURY
O
l
T
reated wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
of
of
samples detections
8
11U
17
6
31
40
22
6
33
80
27
18
18
163
5
11
10
I .1
8
39
11
6
28
36
U
6
33
37
NA
18
15
162
5
3
10
Introduction for add
Detected
Mini mum
<0.2
0.1
-------
0
p
f"f
(D
C POLLUTANT REMOVA8ILITY/TREATAB 1 LI
•^
CO
^ Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-barium chloride
-combined precipitants
- 1 i me
-sodium carbonate
^ -sulfide
4> -unspecified
o Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
« -lime
Ln -sodium sulfide
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Ft Itration
Flotation
Oi 1 Separat ion
Sed i mentation
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data jjoints
Pilot scale Full scale
6
1
1
5
1
4
5
2
1
5
3 1
2
2
3
8 6
8
2
23
4 1
24
2
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
remova 1 . %
0
NM
NM
6-93
87
69 - >97
75 - >96
NM
97
0-99
NM
99
NM
70
0-86
33 - 88
80
0 - >97
11 - 33
33 - 94*
>99
MERCURY
Range
of
effluent
cone. ,
<0 . i -
0.
<1.
1.7 -
0.
<0.6 -
0. 1 -
<1 . o -
200
<1.0 -
0,5 -
<50 -
<1.0 -
0.3 -
0.1 -
BDL -
BDL -
BDL -
0.4 -
NO -
0.1 -
|i
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to mercury.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable mercury the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 0.20 yg/L as a 24-hour average and
the concentration should not exceed 4.1 \ig/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable mercury the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 0.10 \iq/L as a 24-hour average and the
concentration should not exceed 3.7 yg/L at any time.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of mercury
ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 144 ng/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of mercury
ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water criterion
is determined to be 146 ng/L.
Note - These values include the consumption of freshwater, estuarine, and
marine species.
Date: 8/31/82 1.4.10-6
-------
Compound; Nickel
Formula; Ni
Alternate Names; None
CAS ft; 7440-02-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3] :
atomic weight: 58.71
melting point, °C; 1,450
boiling point (760 torr), °C; 2,730
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water, mg/L; NiS, 3.6 at 18°C; NiCl2, 6.42 x 105 at 20°C
common oxidation states: cations - +2
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.11-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Not important
oxidation: Under reducing conditions with sulfur, NiS is formed; otherwise
unimportant
hydrolysis: Hydrolysis under natural conditions removes no nickel from
solution
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Ni coprecipitates with hydrous metal oxides, and to a lesser degree
is adsorbed by organic matter and incorporated in crystalline
minerals
biological processes; Slightly bioaccumulated; no biotransformation noted
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Precipitation/Coagulation Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.11-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.4.11-2
-------
a
p>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF NICKEL
CO
U>
I
u>
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of
of
Industry samples detections
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (f) (g)
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
E lectrica 1 /Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Explosives Manufacturing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Detections may include values less than 5 ng/L
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
85
104
48
97
18
31
79
81
28
40
207
59
39
2
4
6
32
86
22
33
16
178
1
5
33
23
1.1
,
84
51
48
97
18
27
65
21
27
21
181
27
28
1
4
6
32
70
NA
33
16
178
1
5
30
23
Introduction for add
Detected
Mini mum
<5.0
23
3
5.0
5.0
<1.0
ND
3.5
<1.0
5.0
ND
1.6
82
19
15
<5.0
NA
NA
<20
<10
<1.0
2.3
1.7
3.0
concent rat
Maximum
2,400
10,000
1.1 x 10E6
2.4 x 10E5
160
2,800
5.1 x 10E5
31,000
5,000
910
4.2 x 10E5
790
67,000
100
2,500
130
3.1 x 10E6
14,000
NA
13,000
280
160
610
67
5.0.x 10E5
270
ions. iiq/L
Mean
<170
730
35,000
<6,700
52
<140
19,000
2,700
<430
<170
14,000
99
19,000
700
62
<1 .2 x 10E5
3,600
410
<580
<40
<18
30
1.0 x 10E5
70
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
o
ta
N>
oa
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF NICKEL
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mi n ing ( b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Po rce 1 a i n Ena me 1 i ng
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
12
112
28
83
6
27
16
39
30
28
17
4
5
34
75
21
19
17
163
1
12
10
Number
of
Detected concentrations. ua/L
detections Minimum
12
25
26
83
6
24
8
32
30
16
16
4
5
34
43
NA
19
17
163
1
12
10
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow
<5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.0
<1.0
9
<10
3.0
1.2
14
43
6.0
<5.0
NA
NA
<5.0
<10
ND
3.5
2.0
additional informat
Maximum
270
180
1,400
31,000
34
20,000
510
180
23,000
50
45,000
660
85
60,000
1,300
NA
51,000
61
270
400
470
150
ion.
Mean
<65
75
<160
<1,100
24
<1,300
180
<36
2,400
23
13,000
250
33
<3,100
220
430
<2,800
<25
15
62
32
and analysis program data.
on the number of
weighted averages.
samples, not
detect ions.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
o
03
fi-
re
-t-
oo
cu
H
4>-
.
t— >
h-*
1
UT
POLLUTANT REMOVAB I L 1 TY/TREATAB 1
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
-1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-sulf ide
-unspecified
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
-sodium sulf ide
-unspecified
Chen i ca 1 Reduct ion
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Flotation
Neutra 1 izat ion
Oi 1 Separation
Reverse Osmosis
Sed {mentation
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra 1 1 on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
15 3
4
2
1 6
5
1 15
2
3
1
19
1 1
2
2
6
2 6
18 12
12
1
3
6
1 31
4 1
38
6
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
remova 1 , %
10 - 67
>58
NM
0-25
4 - >25
6 - >99
96
>99
NM
8 - >99
>99
>64
55 - 98
47 - >99
44 - 99
0 - >99
0 - >99
>99
>96
9-72
0 - >99
>32 - >85
0 - >99
0-50
NICKEL
Range of
effluent
cone. , uq/L
BDL - <700
<5.0 - 22
66 - 5,000
10 - 51,000
<50 - 10,000
NO - 5,200
18 - 640
NO - 210
<50
9.0 - 6,400
NO - 73
<50 - <50
44 - 1,000
BDL - 1,700
BDL - 2,600
BDL - 700
NO - 270
20
BOL - 500
62 - 210
BOL - 2,000
<10 - <1,000
NO - 400
<5.0 - 230
Vo I ume I I I
section
number
1 1). 3. 1.1
1 1 1.3.1.2
111,3.1.3
I I 1 .3.1 .3
1 1 1 ,3.1.4
1 II. 3. 1.5
I I 1.3.1.9
I I 1 .3.1,10
II 1.3.1,13
III. 3. 1.14
III. 3. 1.16
I H. 3. 1.18
I 11.3.1.21
II 1.3.2.1
1 1 1.3.2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to nickel.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable nickel the criterion (in yg/L) to protect fresh-
water aquatic life as derived using the Guidelines is the numerical value
given by e[(0.76[ln(hardness)] + 1.06) as a 24-hour average and the concentration
(in yg/L) should not exceed the numerical value given by e(0.76[ln(hardness)]
+ 4.02) at any time. For example, at hardnesses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L as
CaC03 the criteria are 56, 96, and 160 yg/L, respectively, as 24-hour averages,
and the concentrations should not exceed 1,100, 1,800, and 3,100 yg/L, re-
spectively, at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable nickel the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 7.1 yg/L as a 24-hour average and
the concentration should not exceed 140 yg/L at any time.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of nickel
ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 13.4 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of nickel
ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 100 yg/L.
Date.- 9/25/81 1.4.11-6
-------
Compound: Selenium
Formula; Se
Alternate Names; None
CAS ft; 7782-49-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
atomic weight: 78.96
melting point, °C: 217 (metallic form)
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 685
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water (14°C), mg/L: Se02, 3.84 x 105; Se03 decomposes, very
soluble
common oxidation states: cations - +4, +6; anion - -2
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.12-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: Not important
oxidation: In aerobic waters, soluble anions are formed; under reducing con-
ditions, selenium or metal selenides (insoluble) go into sediment,
possibly forming volatile H2Se
hydrolysis: Se04"2, Se04"2, and HSe03- (all soluble) are formed
volatilization: H2Se can be formed; volatilization can also follow
biomethylation
sorption: Adsorbed by hydrous metal oxides (strongly), clays, and organic
chemicals, but only a small percentage of total Se is sorbed
biological processes: Bioaccumulation by many species; possible biological
redox reactions, and some biomethylation
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.12-1
-------
Precipitation/Coagulation Data, Selenium [1-5]:
Test Conditions: Se (IV)
Sample: (a) river water
(b) well water
Coagulant dose:
(a,b) ferric sulfate - 25 mg/L
(a,b) alum - 25 mg/L
(b) lime softening - 0.1 mg/L; 0.03 mg/L
Initial concentration, all tests: 0.1 mg/L; 0.03 mg/L
Most effective methods reported: ferric sulfate coagulation, pH 6-7
ion exchange
reverse osmosis
100
OBSERVED REMOVAL
80
LU
$60
u.
O
O
40
til
O
oc
LU
O.
20
FERRIC SULFATE COAGULATION
(river water)
LIME SOFTENING
Cwell water)
(0.1 mg/L Initial concentration)
\
FERRIC SULFATE COAGULATION
(well watei)
\
ALUM COAGULATION
(river water)
LIME SOFTENING
(well water)
(0.03 mg/L Initial concentration)
8 9
pH OF TREATED WATER
10
11
12
Date: 10/8/82
1.4.12-2
-------
a
rt
n>
-P-
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF SELENIUM
Raw wastewater
Number
of
Industry samples
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Battery Manufacturing (f) (g)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Cnemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Detections may include values less than 5 ng/L
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
22
ton
15
16
30
26
42
58
54
39
1
4
31
84
20
6
16
1
18
23
Number
of
detect ions
20
39
15
16
13
22
6
53
14
30
1
14
31
58
NA
6
16
1
9
23
1.1 Introduction for add
.
Detected
Mini mum
<1.0
1.0
<5.0
1.0
ND
2.0
<10
ND
7.6
0.36
1.0
<2.0
NA
NA
<25
4.0
<2.0
0.8
concentrat
Maximum
120
450
69
1,000
2,100
180
1,200
60
1*2
1 .6 x 10E5
11
40
23,000
1,500
NA
<1,500
<20
<20
24,000
53
ions. uq/L
Mean
<16
66
<18
<130
170
<12
<250
8.0
24
7,800
27
<910
230
72
<330
<14
<2,700
4.9
i t i ona I in f o rma t i on .
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
Co
rt
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF SELENIUM
?. Treated wastewater
i— •
ro
^
oo
OJ
M
•
f
to
I
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
3
114
14
22
40
8
19
1
4
33
73
18
1
17
1
12
10
Number
of
detect ions
3
32
12
18
23
1
12
1
4
33
37
NA
1
17
1
3
10
Detected concentrations. ua/L
Mini mum
<1 .0
1.0
<5.0
1.0
0.8
28
1.0
<1.0
NA
NA
3.0
3.0
1.0
Maximum
7.0
160
110
650
<10
21
63,000
19
40
2,300
900
NA
<1,200
<20
<25
13
39
Mean
<3.3
22
<44
<80
<9.6
12,000
27
<120
60
33
<16
6.7
5.7
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
JU
rt
(0
N>
00
CO
-P-
5
Ul
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-barium chloride
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sulf ide
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
-sodium sulf ide
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Fiocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Sedimentation
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
-non-aerated
LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Ful 1 sea 1
11
1
1
1
2
2
1
2 1
2
2
1
10 5
3
1
22
1
20
H
1
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
e remova 1 , %
0 - >50
>13
NM
NM
>99
62
NM
to
>71
NM
NM
0-10
NM
NM
0-98
NM
NM
>9 - >99
U4
SELEN I UM
Range of
effluent
cone. , uq/L
<1.0 - 50
<20 - tO
<1.0
10
ND - 87
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to selenium.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable inorganic selenite the criterion to protect
freshwater aquatic life as derived using the Guidelines is 35 yg/L as a
24-hour average and the concentration should not exceed 260 yg/L at any
time.
The available data for inorganic selenate indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 760 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of inorganic
selenate to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable inorganic selenite the criterion to protect salt-
water aquatic life as derived using the Guidelines is 54 yg/L as a 24-hour
average and the concentration should not exceed 410 yg/L at any time.
No data are available concerning the toxicity of inorganic selenate to
saltwater aquatic life.
Hum an Heaj. t h
The ambient water quality criterion for selenium is recommended to be
identical to the existing drinking water standard which is 10 yg/L. Analysis
of the toxic effects data resulted in a calculated level which is protective
of human health against the ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated
aquatic organisms. The calculated value is comparable to the present standard.
For this reason a selective criterion based on exposure solely from consumption
of 6.5 grams of aquatic organisms was not derived.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.12-6
-------
Compound; Silver
Formula.- Ag
Alternate Names: None
CAS ft; 7440-22-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
atomic weight: 107.9
melting point, °C: 962
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 2,210
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water, mg/L: Ag20, 13 at 20°C; AgCl, 0.89 at 10°C
common oxidation states: cations - +1 (principal state), +2, +3
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.13-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Not important in aquatic environment
oxidation: Ag and Ag+ compounds (most insoluble) are the only forms usually
present (both precipitate)
hydrolysis: Important only at high pH, where Ag20 may precipitate
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Strongly sorbed by Mn02, then released in saline water; some sorption
by clays and organic materials and iron oxides
biological processes: Bioaccumulated by many aquatic organisms; little food
chain magnification
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.13-1
-------
Precipitation/Coagulation Data, Silver [1-5] :
Test Conditions:
Sample: (a) river water
(b) well water
Coagulant dose:
(a) ferric sulfate - 30 mg/L
(a) alum - 30 mg/L
(b) lime softening - unspecified
Initial concentration, all tests: 0.15 mg/L
Most effective methods reported: ferric sulfate coagulation, pH 7-9
alum coagulation, pH 6-8
lime softening
excess lime softening
100
OBSERVED REMOVAL
tr
UJ
CO
Li.
O
O
UJ
tL
UJ
O
It
UJ
a
80
60
40
20-
FERRIC SULFATE COAGULATION
nui'i~f* i t\jn ^^
(rl»«r wtMi) ^V ^_
*• *""" "^" """
ALUM COAOULATION
(river •*t»r)
I
LIME SOFTENING
(wtll w«l»f)
8 9
pH OF TREATED WATER
10
11
12
Date: 10/8/82
1.4.13-2
-------
a
rt
(D
I—•
ISJ
00
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF SILVER
H
»
•P-
OJ
OJ
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Battery Manufacturing (f) (g)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
30
104
28
39
49
28
9
207
60
2
31
84
7
33
16
3
17
23
Number
of
detections
30
32
28
38
31
27
3
145
32
2
31
29
NA
33
16
3
8
23
Detected
Minimum
<1.0
4.0
<5
<1.0
ND
<1.0
5.0
ND
0.2
1.0
<2.6
NA
NA
<4.0
<3.0
1.8
0.5
0.5
concentrat ions
Maximum
130
64
580
500
2,400
25
70
6.0 x 10E5
37,000
10
4,700
1,100
NA
100
130
94
70
7.0
^_uq/L
Mean
<18
18
<41
<91
1,300
<6.0
35
23,000
2,900
5.5
<350
840
23
<15
<17
55
<22
1.8
NA, not available; ND, not de.tected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Detections may include values less than 5 |ig/L.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
So
rt
(D
t— '
N3
00
U)
M
1— '
.p-
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF SILVER
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mi n ing ( b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
7
11U
10
28
9
5
23
2
33
73
6
19
17
12
10
Number
of
detect ions
7
29
8
28
3
U
15
2
33
9
NA
19
17
6
10
Detected
Min imum
2.0
<7.0
1.0
<10
NO
1.0
1.0
1.0
NA
NA
<1.0
<3.0
0.17
1.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
<66
31
260
3UO
<10
65
1,800
10
9,200
UO
NA
<20
<20
5.5
U.O
i-iaZk-
Mean
16
-------
rt
(D
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI
•fT Treatment process
oo
w Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-barium chloride
-combined precipitahts
- 1 i me
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-su 1 fide
J"1 -unspecified
•o
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
u> - 1 i me
i -sodium sulfide
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed i mentation
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
LI TV WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
15 2
4
2
1 5
1
4
2
2
3
1
9
1 1
2
3
2 3
17 11
5
1
6
1 23
1
24
1
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
remova I . %
0-36
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
>99 - >99
>97
76
NM
0-67
40
93*
42 - 77
10
0 - 91*
45
NM
0-76
>50 - 96
NM
3 - 96*
NM
S I LVER
Range of
effluent
•cone.. uq/L
1.7 - <100
<3.0 - <3.0
16 - 1,300
<7.0 - 170
20
<8.0 - <10
ND - ND
<2.0 - 22
11-64
BDL
0,12 - 35
9.0 - 12
BDL - <15
<1.0 - 34
<1.0 - 250
BDL - <100
BDL - 66
250
20 - 78
1.0 - <100
<25
ND - 95
<10
Vo I ume 1 1 1
section
number
1 1 1 .3. 1 . 1
111.3.1.2
I I I .3.1.3
1 I 1.3.1.3
I M .3.1.4
i I 1.3. 1.5
I I 1 .3.1 .9
I I 1.3.1.10
1 1 1.3,1.14
I I I .3.1.16
I I I .3.1 .18
1 I 1.3.1.20
i 1 1 .3.2. 1
I I I .3.2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to silver.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For freshwater aquatic life the concentration (in yg/L) of total recover-
able silver should not exceed the numerical value given by "e[1.72(ln(hardness)
- 6.52)]" at any time. For example, at hardnesses of 50, 100, 200 mg/L as
CaC03 the concentration of total recoverable silver should not exceed 1.2,
4.1; and 13 yg/L, respectively, at any time. The available data indicate
that cronic toxicity to freshwater aquatic life may occur at concentrations
as low as 0.12 yg/L.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For saltwater aquatic life the concentration of total recoverable silver
should not exceed 2.3 yg/L at any time. No data are available concerning the
chronic toxicity of silver to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
The ambient water quality criterion for silver is recommended to be
identical to the existing drinking water standard which is 50 yg/L. Analysis
of the toxic effects data resulted in a calculated level which is protective
of human health against the ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated
aquatic organisms. The calculated value is comparable to the present standard.
For this reason a selective criterion based on exposure solely from consumption
of 6.5 grams of aquatic organisms was not derived.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.13-6
-------
Compound.- Thallium
Formula: Tl
Alternate Names [1-1] : Thallium salt
CAS tt; 7440-28-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
molecular weight: 204.4
melting point, °C: 304
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 1,460
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water, mg/L: T12S, 2.0 x 102 at 20°C; TlCl, 2.9 x 103 at 16°C
common oxidation states: cations - +1, +3
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.14-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Not important
oxidation: Tl(III) present only in very oxidizing water; in reducing condi-
tions, metallic Tl or sulfide may precipitate
hydrolysis: Hydrolysis of T13+ to insoluble Tl(OH)3 unimportant because of
low T13+ content of natural water
volatilization: No evidence found indicating formation of volatile thallium
compounds
sorption: Tl+ adsorbed strongly by clay minerals and to a lesser degree by
hydrous metal oxides
biological processes: Quickly bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Precipitation/Coagulation Data.- Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.14-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.4.14-2
-------
H
rt
m
to
-P-
03
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF THALLIUM
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
Number
of
samp les
18
10U
17
U
28
9
58
5U
1
29
82
5
33
17
2
11
23
Number
of
detect ions
16
27
17
k
27
2
53
8
1
29
3
NA
33
17
2
1
23
1.1 Introduction for add
Detected concentrations, uq/L
Mini mum
-------
O
(U
rt
(D
i— •
K)
-^
CO
CO
1-H
i>
i — *
i
-P-
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF THALLIUM
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
2
113
15
4
9
17
1
31
71
5
19
19
12
10
Number
of
detect ions
2
19
13
4
3
3
1
31
3
NA
19
19
0
10
Detected
Mini mum
<5.0
1.0
0.33
50
<10
5.0
<1.0
NA
NA
<10
<1.0
1.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
50
140
260
80
<10
5.0
1.0
2.0 x 10E6
840
NA
<1,000
<15
7.0
.uq/L
Mean
<28
13
<70
60
<10
5.0
<160
530
23
<68
<10
2.3
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
P>
rt
i— •
IsJ
^ POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR THALLIUM
oo
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
M - 1 i me
-sodium carbonate
5s -sulfide
i— •
•> Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
iln -lime
-sodium sulfide
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Flotation
Sedimentation
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
11
**
1
5
4
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
11 4
3
1U
20
3
Range of
remova I . %
NM
NM
NM
50
>37
56 - >75
NM
NM
NM
NM
0 - 9U
NM
NM
NM
38 - >83
38
7 - >80
Range of
effluent
cone. . u,q/L
<15 - <50
<15 - <15
<50
<10 - 110
<10 - <10
1.1- <20
U1
200
<50
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to thallium.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for thallium indicate that acute and chronic toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 1,400 and 40
yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species
that are more sensitive than those tested. Toxicity to one species of fish
occurs at concentrations as low as 20 pg/L after 2,600 hours of exposure.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for thallium indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater
aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 2,130 pg/L and would occur at
lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of thallium to sensitive
saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of thallium
ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 13 pg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of thallium
ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 48 pg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.4.14-6
-------
Compound: Zinc
Formula; Zn
Alternate Names; None
CAS ft; 7440-66-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
molecular weight: 65.38
melting point, °C: 420
boiling point .(760 torr), °C: 907
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water, mg/L: ZnO, 1.6 at 29°C; ZnCl2, 4.32 x 106 at 25°C
common oxidation states: cation - always +2 in aqueous solution
water quality criteria: See page 1.4.15-5
Probable Fate;
photolysis: Not important
oxidation: ZnS precipitates under reducing conditions; most redox conditions
do not affect Zn directly, but affect materials which sorb Zn
hydrolysis: Zn(OH)2 and ZnO precipitate after formation by hydrolysis
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Dominant fate of Zn is sorption by hydrous metal oxides, clay
minerals, and organic materials
biological processes: Strongly bioaccumulated in all organisms and biotrans-
formed to many zinc-containing enzymes.
other reactions/interactions: Forms complexes with organic and inorganic
ligands which increase solubility, and increase
the tendency for adsorption
Precipitation/Coagulation Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.4.15-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.4.15-2
-------
a
to
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ZINC
NJ
00
Ul
I
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (f) (g)
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Explosives Manufacturing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a ) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surve i'l lance and
analysis program data.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Detections may include values less than 5 u.g/
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
of
samp
87
104
49
115
18
41
80
81
28
42
194
56
38
11
5
8
32
106
39
33
18
178
2
7
32
23
1.1
of
les detections
86
91
49
115
18
37
79
79
27
30
193
56
37
10
5
8
32
106
NA
33
18
178
2
7
29
23
Introduction for add
Detected
Mi nimum
100
7.0
1
20
96
<10
ND
13
<10
90
ND
2.7
78
24
50
69
30
NA
NA
<600
<45
5.0
100
15
10
120
concent rat
Maximum
10,000
30,000
1.6 x 10E5
1.9 x 10E5
2,600
2.1 x 10E6
3.3 x 10E6
7.1 x 10E5
360
3.5 x 10E5
1.6 x 10E7
4.3 x 10E6
2.0 x 10E5
2,700
600
2,700
2.0 x 10E6
3.0 x 10E5
NA
4.3 x 10E5
2,100
54,000
14,000
2,500
8.4 x 10E5
26,000
ions. uq/L
Mean
<2,100
1,400
5,200
<9,400
540
<62,000
1 .8 x 10E5
51,000
<74
51,000
1 . 1 x 10E5
3.0 x 10E5
49,000
700
280
530
<2.0 x 10E5
34,000
25,000
<60,000
<480
1,100
7,000
620
93,000
1,600
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
0
CD
KJ
-O
CD
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ZINC
Ui
-o
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
Number
of
samples
13
113
b) 28
100
6
30
16
1*0
10
23
20
5
8
31*
92
39
19
19
163
2
12
10
Number
of
detect ions
12
85
26
100
6
27
16
32
10
20
20
5
8
34
82
NA
19
19
163
2
9
10
Detected
Min imum
60
6.0
1.0 1
10
U9
<10 2
86
12 1
23
12
12 3
37
1.0
58 2
NA
NA
<600
33
ND
2,500
2.3
1*7
concentrat
Maximum
2,300
380
.2 x 10E5
38,000
170
.0 x 10E6
28,000
.9 x 10E5
1*1,000
4,600
.7 x 10E5
38,000
2,000
.0 x 10E6
11,000
NA
35,000
1,000
2,900
13,000
1,200
31,000
ions. uq/L
Mean
<510
59
-------
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ZINC
Number of data points
5
-p*
oo
OJ
H
j^
J_,
Ul
1
Ul
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 um
-barium chloride
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-su 1 f ide
-unspec i f ied
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
-sodium sulfide
-unspec if ied
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotation
Neutra 1 izat ion
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed i mentation
Solvent Extraction
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
-non-aerated
Pi lot sea le
16
4
3
1
4
1
2
25
11
3
4
Ful I sea le
3
1
6
2
5
24
2
5
1
19
1
2
2
8
8
17
13
1
4
38
1
2
38
7
2
Range of
remova 1 . %
7 ~ >99
22 - 98
96
61 - 97
50 - 80
68 - >99
25 - >99
83 - 99
80 - >99
66
10 - >99
99
>92 - >99
91 - 99
77 - >99
11-98
0 - >99
12 - >99
99
94* - >97
31-99
0 - >99
50
>64 - 98
0-94
12 - >99
86
Range of Volume I I I
effluent section
cone.. ua/L number
<1.0
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to zinc.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable zinc the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 47 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the
concentration (in yg/L) should not exceed the numerical value given by e (0.83
[In (hardness)] +1.95) at any time. For example, at hardnesses of 50, 100,
and 200 mg/L as CaCo3 the concentration of total recoverable zinc should not
exceed 180, 320, and 570 yg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For total recoverable zinc the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 58 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the
concentration should not exceed 170 yg/L at any time.
Human Health
Sufficient data is not available for zinc to derive a level which would
protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using available
organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of
ambient water, the estimated level is 5 mg/L. It should be recognized that
organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse
human health effects.
Date-. 9/25/81 1.4.15-6
-------
Compound; Bis(chloromethyl) ether
Formula; H H
I I
C1-C-0-C-C1
I I
H H
Alternate Names: BCME; Bis-CME; sym-Dichloromethyl ether;
Oxybis(chloromethane)
CAS tt: 542-88-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
molecular weight: 115
melting point, °C: -41.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 104
vapor pressure (22°C), torr: 30
solubility in water, mg/L: 22,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: -0.38
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.5.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Can occur, but cannot compete with hydrolysis in water
oxidation: Oxidation by hydroxyl radical can compete with hydrolysis in air
but not in water
hydrolysis: Very rapidly hydrolyzed, independent of pH, decomposes to HC1 and
formaldehyde even in moist air
volatilization: Cannot compete with hydrolysis
sorption: Not important
biological processes: Not important
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.5.1-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.5.1-2
-------
to
(t
(D
oo
OJ
I
CO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BlS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Text! le Mills (a) (c)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
U7
53
1
7
33
58
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
1
0
0
1
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations. U.Q/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
9.0
6.0
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
It
n>
00
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BlS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
same les
51
53
28
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
Detected concentrations, jig/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
See Section 1.1 introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
0)
It
N3
co
OJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR BlS(CHLOROMETHYL) ETHER
M
•
Ln
»
t — '
Ui
Treatment process
Activated Sludge
NO, not detected.
Number of data points Ranqe of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
1 >99
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
NO
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.2.
1
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to chloroalkyl ethers.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for chloroalkyl ethers indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 238,000 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No definitive data are available concerning the chronic tox-
icity of chloroalkyl ethers to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with any chloroalkyl ether and no
statement can be made concerning acute and chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of bis(chloromethyl)ether through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10~5, 10~6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10"5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 0.038 ng/L, 0.0038 ng/L, and
0.00038 ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption
of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 18.4
ng/L, 1.84 ng/L, and 0.184 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations represent-
ing different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The
risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not represent
an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of bis (2-chloroethyl) ether through ingestion
of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
concentration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time.
Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk
over the lifetime are estimated at 10~5, 10"6, and 10"7. The corresponding
criteria are 0.3 yg/L, 0.03 yg/L, and 0.003 yg/L, respectively. If the above
estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding con-
sumption of water, the levels are 13.6 yg/L, 1.36 yg/L, and 0.136 yg/L, re-
spectively. Other concentrations representing different risk levels may be
calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is presented for
Date: 12/22/82 1.5.1-6
-------
information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment on an "accept-
able" risk level.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of bis
(2-chloroisopropyl) ether ingested through water and contaminated aquatic
organisms, the ambient water criterion is determined to be 34.7 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of bis
(2-chloroisopropyl) ether ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone,
the ambient water criterion is determined to be 4.36 mg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.5.1-7
-------
-------
Compound; Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
Formula .-
H H H H
Cl-C-C-0-C-C-Cl
II II
H H H H
Alternate Names; 1,1'-Oxybis(Z-chloroethane); Bis(p-chloroethyl)ether;
Chlorex; l-Chloro-2-($-chloroethoxy) ethane
CAS tt; 111-44-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 143.0
melting point, °C: -46.8
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 178
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.71
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 10,200
log octanol/water partition coefficients: 1.58
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.16 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole -1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.5.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Direct photolysis is not important for the aquatic environment
oxidation: Photooxidation not important for the aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Much too slow to be important
volatilization: Not appreciably volatile
sorption: Little potential for sorption on solids
biological processes: No bioaccumulation noted; biodegradation not important
under natural conditions; may be biodegraded in
acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important; principal fate uncertain
Date: 12/22/82 1.5.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Bis (2-chloroethyl) ether (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
0.086
1.84
0.89
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (aD
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, C{ mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
MOO, 000
0.01
MOO, 000
>100,000
0.001
>100,000
>100,000
>100,000
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
oil
E
2
••».
X
1X)
/
/
. f-
•
/
/
t
y<
T
•
i
1
f
/
lh -
IT ^
t
'
• pH = 5.3
0.1 1.0 10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. (C^). mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
1.000
Date: 1/24/83
1.5.2-2
-------
o
W
rt
(D
1 — •
NJ
•C-
cx>
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF Bl S( 2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
Raw wastewater
M
Ui
N3
1
U>
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (c)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samples
49
53
2
7
33
3
Number
of
detections
0
2
2
0
0
NA
Detected
Minimum
9
U.O
NA
concentrations. uq/L
Maximum Mean
<10 <10
10 7.0
NA 1 , 700
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
pj
rt
(D
NJ
oo
U>
NJ
I
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BlS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samo les
53
53
28
3
Number
of
detections
0
1
0
NA
Detected
Mini mum
NA
concentrat ions.
Maximum
8.0
NA
UQ/L
Mean
710
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound; Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
Formula: H CH3 CH3 H
II |l
ci— c—c—o—c—c—ci
II ..II
H H H H
Alternate Names; Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether;
2,2'-Oxybis (1-chloro-propane);
Dichlorodiisopropyl ether;
2,2'-Dichloroisopropyl ether
CAS tt; 108-60-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight.- 171.1
melting point, °C: -97
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 189
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.85
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 1,700
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.58
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.53 x 10'4 atmos. m3 mole ~a (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.5.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Direct photolysis is probably not important
oxidation: Not environmentally significant
hydrolysis: Slow hydrolysis of carbon-chlorine bond"; may be important fate
mechanism
volatilization: Importance unknown
sorption: Little data available, but adsorption on organic matter possible
biological processes: No data on bioaccumulation and biodegradation in the
environment. Biodegradation may occur in acclimated
sewage systems.
other reactions/interactions: None of importance known; principal fate
uncertain
Date: 12/22/82 1.5.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether(l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.4
24
0.57
0.91
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
o.or
0.1
140
0.01
580
55
0.001
2,200
220
20
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.4
1,000
o
CO
a:
-ET
Q
UJ
co
a:
O
«/>
Q
<
100
s
»— «
0.1 1.0 10 100
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
1,000
Date: 10/8/82
1.5.3-2
-------
o
03
rr
n>
ro
co
M
to
1
CO
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
1
49
18
53
1
7
7
BIS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL) ETHER
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
0
0
0
0
1
0
NA NA
concentrations. uq/L
Maximum Mean
4.0
NA 11, 000
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Co
rf
(D
OO
Ul
I
•C-
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BlS(2-CHLOROISOPROPYL) ETHER
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samples
1
53
53
9
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
1
NA
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
3.0
NA NA
Uq/L
Mean
1,300
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound.- 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Formula: H H H
II I /H
C1-C-C-O-C=C
f I Ni
H H
Alternate Names; (2-Chloroethoxy) ethene;
Vinyl 2-chloroethyl ether
CAS ft; 110-75-8
Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 106.6
melting point, °C: -69.7
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 108
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 26.75
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 15,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.28
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 2.16 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole -1 (calculated)
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.5.4-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Direct photolysis is probably not important
oxidation: Not important for aqueous environment
hydrolysis: Of minor importance if compound is adsorbed by clays or fulvic
acids
volatilization: High vapor pressure indicates some volatilization
sorption: Low potential for adsorption by clays and humic materials
biological processes: Insufficient environmental data to reach conclusion.
May degrade in acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.5.4-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether(l-S):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
3.9
0.80
0.94
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
o
CO
CtL
O
-S*
o
UJ
CO
C£
o
to
o
<
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1,500
0.01
10,000
920
0.001
64,000
6,400
580
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
l*W
100
1.0
0.
1
^x^
S
-^
;
1 7
''
1.0
S
\'
1
y.
x'
1
^x
10
.PH...,
100 i,a
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
Date: 10/8/82
1.5.4-2
-------
o
pi
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2-CHLOROETHYL VINYL ETHER
M
Ul
JN
1
U)
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Sfm SprM-inn 1 1 1 nfr rnrliirM-. inn fnr aririifrinna
Number
of
samples
47
53
7
9
32
1 i nfn rma t- i nn
Number
of
detections
0
0
0
0
0
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations, u.q^L
Minimum Maximum Mean
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
rt
n
to
00
CO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2-CHLOROETHYL VINYL ETHER
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Numbe r
of
samples
51
53
11
28
Number
of
detections
0
0
0
0
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
Ul
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.5.4-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to haloethers.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for haloethers indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 360
and 122 ug/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with any haloether and no state-
ment can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Human Health
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for haloethers.
Date: 9/25/81 1.5.4-6
-------
Compound: 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether
Formula:
Alternate Names; l-Chloro-4-phenoxybenzene; p-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether;
4-Chlorodiphenyl ether; 4-Chlorophenyl ether
CAS ft; 7005-72-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
molecular weight: 203.7
melting point, °C: -8
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 284
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 0.0027
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 3.3
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.08
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.5.4-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Could be important if compound is adsorbed by humus containing
sensitizers (polyfunctional aromatics)
oxidation: Too slow to be environmentally important
hydrolysis: Not environmentally significant
volatilization: Although no data available, believed to be unimportant
sorption: Adsorption by humus certain; by clays probable
biological processes: Possible bioaccumulation; gradual biodegradation in
acclimated systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.5.5-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
111
0.26
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
15
0.01
30
2.7
0.001
55
5.4
0.5
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5 .3
10,000
o
CO
O
E
-S?
o
LU
CO
Q£
O
l/l
O
<
1,000
s
pH=5.3
0.01 0.1 1.0 10
RESIOUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 225.6 nm
100
Date: 10/8/82
1.5.5-2
-------
rt
(D
to
•>
oo
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF U-CHLOROPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
M Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
V/l
In See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional
I
w (a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
Number
of
samples
«*9
53
7
1
informat ion.
Number
of
detections
1
0
0
0
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
3.0
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coatifig. Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
ft
(D
to
00
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF t-CHLOROPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Number
of
samples
53
53
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations, |-iq/L
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
Mean
Ol
Y1 See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound: 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Formula:
Alternate Names.- l-Bromo-4-phenoxybenzene; p-Bromophenyl phenyl ether;
4-Bromodiphenyl ether,- 4-Bromophenyl ether
CAS ft; 101-55-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
molecular weight: 249.1
melting point, °C: 18.7
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 310
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.0015
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: No data found
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.28 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.5.4-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Could be important if adsorbed by sensitizer-containing humus
oxidation: Not environmentally significant
hydrolysis: Not environmentally significant
volatilization: Believed to be unimportant
sorption: Adsorption by humus certain; by clays probable
biological processes: Bioaccumulation possible; gradual biodegradation
probable principal fate in acclimated systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.5.6-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coel. r
PH
5.3
144
0.68
0.91
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION CaD
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
30
0.01
160
14
0.001
770
76
6.9
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
o
oa
Q£
E
-5*
o
LU
oa
D£
S
5
f
u, uuu
1 000
ion
10
0.
>
./"
1
^
^
/
- . 1
01 0.1
v
X
1
X
^
1
'
1
1.0
Jr
t
•pH = 5.3
10
10
RES I DUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 229.5 nm
Date: 10/8/82
1.5.6-2
-------
o
CD
n-
n>
00
Ul
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF U-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Number
of
samples
49
53
7
Number
of
detections
0
0
0
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
Jjx (a) Screening and verification data.
t (b) Screening plus additional data.
CO
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
G
CU
N5
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF U-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ETHER
Coal Mining
Foundries
Industry
(a)
Number
of
samples
53
53
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations, U.Q/L
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
Mean
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound; Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
Formula: H H H H H
M I II
C1-C-C-O-C-O-C-C-C1
II I II
H H H H H
Alternate Names; Dichlorodiethyl methylal;
Bis ((J-chloroethyl) formal,•
P,p-Dichlorodiethyl formal
CAS tt; 111-91-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 173.1
melting point, °C: -32.8
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 218
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: <0.1 (calculated)
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 81,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.26 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.78 x 10"7 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.5.4-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Not environmentally significant
oxidation: Could occur, but too slow for environmental significance
hydrolysis: Could occur, but too slow for environmental significance
volatilization: Not important for environmental fate
sorption: Information not available, but physical properties indicate
little adsorption
biological processes: Information not available on biodegradation in the
environment
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.5.7-1
-------
Carbon AdSOrptiOn Data, Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
11
0.65
0.91
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
350
0.01
1,700
160
0.001
7,800
770
70
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5 . 3
1, UUU
0
QQ
O£
<
O
e im
mg ADSORBED/g
= i
^
X
1.0
^
s
s
•
Sm
^
/
/
1
s
s
i
• >
S*
s~
. '
^
r
V
t
s
• pH = 5.3
0.1
1.0 10
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
100
i.ooo
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
Date: 10/8/82
1.5.7-2
-------
o
to
to
co
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF Bl S( 2-CHLOROETHOXY) METHANE
Raw wastewater
i— i
Ln
1
OJ
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins (c)
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Number
of
samp 1 es
1
49
53
1
7
3
1
Number
of
detections
0
0
2
1
0
NA
0
Detected concentrations, u.q/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
<10 20 <15
3.0
NA NA 0.01
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
Co
rr
ID
00
u>
(Jl
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BlS(2-CHLOROETHOXY)METHANE
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Number
of
samp les
1
53
53
3
1
Number
of
detections
0
1
0
NA
1
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
3.0
NA NA
<10
na/L
Mean
0.01
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperwood Mills.
-------
Compound; Dimethyl phthalate
Formula; 0
C-O-CHs
C-O-CHs
I
Alternate Names; DMP; 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dimethyl ester;
Phthalic acid dimethyl ester;
Methyl phthalate
CAS tt; 131-11-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-9, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 194.2
melting point, °C: 5.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 282
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: <0.01
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 4,320
log octanol/water partition coefficients: 2.12 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.24 x 10"7 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability; D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.6.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: No direct photolysis; indirect photolysis too slow to be important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis*: Too slow to be important under natural conditions
volatilization: Possible, but not important
sorption*: Sorption onto particles and biota and complexation with humic
substances principal transport mechanism
biological processes*: Bioaccumulation, biodegradation, and biotransformation
by many organisms are very important fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
*Inferred from data on phthalate esters as a group.
Date: 12/22/82 1.6.1-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Dimethyl phthalate (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coe1. r
PH
All data pooled
97
0.41
0.93
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
24
0.01
67
6.1
0.001
180
17
1.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
10,000
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
S 1
0 0
E
2
•^
X
10
0.
•
, •
i
j
*>
X
^»
ll
01 0.1
• =*i-
"
4
"*
**
••"
• pH=3.0
• pH = 7.0
4pH=9.0
^Designates results thai are simila
tor pH of 3.0, 7.0. and 9.0
r
1.0 10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf). mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 230 nm
Date: 10/8/82
1.6.1-2
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DIMETHYL PHTHALATE
co
OJ
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of
Industry same
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating ( i )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Texti le Mills (b) (g)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 M9/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Reference reports 0.0 ng/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 u.g/L.
1
49
18
1
78
U
53
135
15
70
33
19
21
2
11
71
I . 1
of
les detections
1
1
1
1
5
0
12
72
2
6
0
NA
0
2
0
7
Introduction for add
Detected
Min imum
0.0
3.0
ND
5.0
ND
NA
<9.0
3.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
<5.0
3.0
120
20
110
2,200
1,200
7.7
56
NA
<14
110
UQ/L
Mean
37
<260
75
6.H
4.6
510
<12
26
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
•rt
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DIMETHYL PHTHALATE
ho
00
Treated wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Coi 1 Coating (h)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (d)
Text! le Mi 1 Is (b) (f)
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Screening plus additional data.
of
of
Detected
samples detections Minimum
53
6
15
53 1
8
(g) 55
28
0
5
3
U
1
6
3
19 NA
21
2
12
66
1
2
1
H
See Section 1.1 Introduction for
.
3.0
0.0
<10
ND
NA
NA
<5.7
1.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
10
0.0
3,200
5.0
1,300
25
NA
3.0
<1 U
<10
1 .0
uq/L
Mean
7.0
0.0
<280
56
12
240
<9.8
1 .0
additional information.
(d) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(e) Detections >10 ng/L.
(fj Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
(h) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for
based on the number of samples
detections less than detection
, not
1 imi
detect ions.
t 10 ug/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
£
rt
(t
i — i
N5
-t-
00
U>
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR DIMETHYL PHTHALATE
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-g ranu 1 a r
Coagulation and Flocculation
^ Filtration
Reverse Osmosis
LH Sedimentation
Ul traf i It rat ion
Activated Sludge
Range of
Number of data points Range of effluent
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone.. uq/L
1 NM BDL
1 >99 ND
1 1 99* - >99 ND - BDL
3 18 - >99* BDL - 170
6 97 BDL - 93
1 83 22
1 8 >99 - >99 ND - 200
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 II .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
II 1.3.1
I 1 I .3.1
I I I .3. 1
I I I .3.
I
1.1
1.5
1.9
.16
.18
.21
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to phthalate esters.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for phthalate esters indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 940
and 3 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for phthalate esters indicate that acute toxicity
to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 2,944 yg/L
and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive
than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of
phthalate esters to sensitive saltwater aquatic life but toxicity to one
species of algae occurs at concentrations as low as 3.4 yg/L.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of dimethyl-
phthalate ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 313 mg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of dimethyl-
phthalate ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient
water criterion is determined to be 2.9 g/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of diethyl-
phthalate ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 350 mg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of diethyl-
phthalate ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient
water criterion is determined to be 1.8 g/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of dibutyl-
phthalate ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 34 mg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of dibutyl-
phthalate ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient
water criterion is determined to be 154 mg/L.
Dates 9/25/81 1.6.1-6
-------
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of bis
(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ingested through water and contaminated aquatic
organisms, the ambient water criterion is determined to be 15 mg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of bis
(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms
alone, the ambient water criterion is determined to be 50 mg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.6.1-7
-------
-------
Compound: Diethyl phthalate
Formula:
Alternate Names; DEP; Ethyl phthalate;
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid;
Diethyl ether
CAS tt; 84-66-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 222.2
melting point, °C: -40.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 298
vapor pressure (70°C), torr: 0.05
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 896
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.22 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 8.46 x 10~7 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.6.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: No direct photolysis; indirect photolysis too slow to be important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis*: No data, but believed to be too slow to be important under
natural conditions
volatilization: Very little data, but volatilization is not considered as
important as sorption
sorption*: Adsorption onto solids and particles and complexation with humic
material (fulvic acid) are the principal transport for DEP
biological processes*: Bioaccumulation, biodegradation, and biotransformation
by many organisms are very important fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
*Inferred from data on phthalate esters as a group.
Date-. 12/22/82 1.6.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Diethyl phthalate (l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.4
110
0.27
0.81
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
15
0.01
31
2.8
0.001
59
5.8
0.5
(a] Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.4
10,000
o
CO
o±
<
o
E
-2*
o
o±
o
I1
1,000
100
10
0.1
lpH = 5.4
1.0 10
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
100
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 228 nm
1,000
Date: 1/24/83
1.6.2-2
-------
to
ft
n>
oo
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DI ETHYL PHTHALATE
en
I
GO
Raw wastewater
Number Number
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Co i 1 Coa t i ng ( j )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d) (j)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Texti le Mi Ms (b) (g)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 |ig/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may inc.lude values less than 5
(j) Reference reports 0.0 (ig/L for detections
than detection limit 10 |ig/L.'
of
samp
22
49
18
36
29
78
28
53
115
38
53
33
9
1
21
100
11
71
ion 1.1
M-9/I-.
less
of
les detections
6
11
2
17
22
60
5
16
95
26
6
18
NA
1
1
34
1
20
Introduction for add
Detected
Min imum
<0.03
1.0
<10
<0.3
ND
0.0
<10
2.0
ND
0.0
ND
NA
NA
ND
1.0
concentrations.
Maximum
25
23
<10
3,100
<10
450
<10
730
1,900
19
83
90
NA
12
12
690
50
150
uq/L
Mean
<9.0
5.0
<10
<200
<8.3
110
<10
<1 1 0
170
4.6
4.7
24
700
26
22
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
03
ct
n>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DI ETHYL PHTHALATE
N3
oo
Co
N3
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa ting ( h )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Steam Electric Power Plants (d)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Number
of
samples
2
52
6
20
16
53
12
44
28
8
21
188
12
66
Number
of
detections
0
12
4
15
16
21
7
4
4
NA
3
13
1
14
Detected
Mini mum
1.0
5.0
1.0
0.0
<10
1.5
ND
NA
NA
1.0
ND
1.0
concentrations.
Maximum
790
10
53,000 <3
330
10,000
14
82
10
NA
30
32C
10
12
Mean
100
7.5
,600
54
<500
5.4
5.9
7.9
48
11
29
4.0
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for detections less than detection limit 10 ng/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
a
P
rt
O
• •
i—1
ro
*-
» POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
to
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
J^ Chemical Reduction
•
N1 Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Sed i mentation
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Trickl ing Fi 1 ters
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
3 1
9
1
U
1
2
1
2 6
1
1
7
2
18
1
Range of
remova I . %
5
56 - 99
NM
76 - 96*
>99
25
NM
60 - >99
>99
92
NM
95*
20 - >99
NM
D I ETHYL PHTHALATE
Range of Vo I ume I I
effluent section
cone.. wq/L number
I I I .3.
1.2 - 9.5
I I 1 .3.
ND - 73
BDL
ND - 92
1 1 1 .3.
ND
BDL - 75 1 1 1 .3.
BDL II 1.3.
ND - 11,000 I I I .3.
ND I I I .3. 1
65 I I I .3.1
ND - UU I I 1.3.1
BDL - 23 I I I .3.1
ND - 69 I I I .3.
140 I I I. 3.
I
1 . 1
1.3
1.3
1.U
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.18
.21
2.1
2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.6.2-6
-------
Compound; Di-n-butyl phthalate
Formula:
Alternate Names: DBF; o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester;
Benzene-o-dicarboxylic acid, di-n-butyl ester;
n-Butyl phthalate; Dibutyl phthalate
CAS tt; 84-74-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7]:
molecular weight: 278.3
melting point, °C: -35
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 340
vapor pressure (115°C), torr: 0.1
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 13
log octanol/water partition coefficient: ~5.2 (exact value unknown due to
molecular folding)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.6.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: No direct photolysis,- indirect photolysis too slow to be environ-
mentally important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis*: Hydrolysis (only in surface waters) believed to be too slow to
be important
volatilization: Not likely to be an important transport process
sorption*: Sorption onto particulates and complexation with organics are
dominant transport processes
biological processes*: Bioaccumulated in many organisms; biodegraded rapidly
in natural soil; some biotransformation; all biological
processes important fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
*Inferred from data on phthalate esters as a group.
Date: 10/8/82 1.6.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Dl-n-butyl phthalate (l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
3.0
220
0.45
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
37
3.3
0.001
100
10
0.94
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 3.0
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
_i O
b b
O O O
O O 0
E
5
•^
X
10
0.
s*
s
*"
\
*
01 0.1
,s>^*
^«
^
£ *
1.0
• pH-3.0
10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 225 nm
Date: 10/8/82
1.6.3-2
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
00
u>
U3
Raw wastewater
Number
of
Number
of
Industry samples detections
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Coi 1 Coat ing (J )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h) 1
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h) (k)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b) ,
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h) 1
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (g)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5 u,g/L.
(j) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 u.g/L.
(k) Mean is not representative of a 1 1 subca tegories
to lack of data.
27
19
1
18
37
13
78
28
53
18
56
75
33
11
30
21
5H
3
11
71
.1 Introduct
due
17
19
1
2
21
8
28
17
23
106
55
25
13
NA
22
1
69
3
1
20'
ion for add
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Mini mum
<0.02
2.0
<10
<0.3
ND
0.0
1 . 1
1.0
ND
0.12
ND
NA
NA
<5.0
ND
0.5
1.0
it iona 1 informat
Maximum
820
11
0.78
<10
19,000
<10
170
50
5, 100
3,100
1,100
390
56
NA
36,000
1.3
230
15
<10
67
ion.
Mean
<120
1.0
<10
<820
<10
10
<10
<350
130
63
25
16
2,300
<2,700
11
9.5
17
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
rt
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DI-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
NJ
-p-
oo
OJ
CO
I
-p-
Treated wa'stewater
Number Number
of of Detected concentrations. uq/L
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa t i ng ( i )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
samp
6
51
6
22
16
53
17
(h) 65
28
11
19
21
1U2
12
66
See Sect ion 1.1
t
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis
(f) Detections >10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
(i) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for
les detect
6
25
6
18
12
25
14
19
12
NA
10
2
28
1
18
Introduct ion
program data.
based on the number of samples.
detections less than detection 1
ions Minimum
0.9
3.0
7.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
ND
NA
NA
<5.0
0.7
ND
1.0
for additional informat
not detections.
imit 10 ug/L.
Maximum
300
960
18
90,000
3.5
9,300
16
110
1UO
NA
1,300
10
55
<10
58
ion.
Mean
110
2UO
11
<5,000
0.58
-------
o
OS
rf
4S
oo
ua
M
c^
u>
1
Ui
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LI TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
ALTERNATIVE FOR Di
Number of data points Ranqe of
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-g ranu 1 a r
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lura
-combined precipitants
- 1 i me
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
Chemical Precipitation with filtration
- 1 ime
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
F lotat ion
Oi 1 Separat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed (mentation
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Trickling Fi 1 ters
Pi lot sea le Ful 1 sea
7 2
1
4
4
9
1
4
1 1
2
1 2
8 10
6
1
6
12
2
11
1
1
I e remova I , %
0 - 99*
77
93* - >99
>97 _ >99
NM
NM
NM
5
NM
0 - >99
0-96
0 - >99
96
20 - >99*
0-83
86 - >91
8t - >99
>99
25
-N-BUTYL PHTHALATE
Range of
effluent
cone., uq/L
BDL - 11
2.7
ND - 7.0
ND - 550
ND - BDL
BDL
ND - BDL
BDL - 5.4
BDL - BDL
ND - 0.6
0.43 - 9,300
ND - 300
49
BDL - 1.0
BDL - 36
<5 - 13
ND - 58
ND
6.0
Vo I uroe III
sect ion
number
I I 1.3.1.1
I I 1.3.1.2
I I I. 3. 1.3
I I i. 3. 1.3
I I 1 . 3 . 1 . 4
I I 1.3.1.5
111.3.1.9
I I I .3.1.10
I I I .3. 1 .14
! I 1.3.1.16
111.3.1.18
I I 1 .3.1.21
I I 1.3.2.1
I I I. 3. 2. 2
I I I. 3. 2. 5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1,6.3-6
-------
Compound; Di-n-octyl phthalate
Formula:
O
II
O-CeHn
Alternate Names; DOP; o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester;
n-Dioctyl phthalate; Octyl phthalate;
Dioctyl-o-benzenedicarboxylate
CAS tt; 117-84-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7]:
molecular weight: 391.0
melting point, °C: -25
boiling point (4 torr), °C; 220
vapor pressure (150°C), torr: <0.2
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 3
log octanol/water partition coefficient: ~9.2 (exact value unknown because
of molecular folding)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.6.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: No direct photolysis; indirect photolysis too slow to be important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis*: Hydrolysis only in surface waters but too slow to be important
volatilization: Not likely to be an important transport process
sorption*: Adsorption onto solids and particles and complexation with organics
are important transport processes
biological processes*: Bioaccumulation by many organisms, biodegradation, and
metabolization are all important fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
*Inferred from data on phthalate esters as a group,
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.6.4-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.6.4-2
-------
£ INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
to
oo
U)
I
LO
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Co i 1 Coat ing ( i )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Explosives Manufacture
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Text! le Mills (b) (f )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ng/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5 |
(i) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for detections
than detection limit 10 u.g/L.
Number
of
samples
20
49
32
13
78
28
53
114
15
8
1
76
10
6
2
66
Number
of
detect ions
7
1
9
6
7
3
9
70
3
0
0
9
3
NA
1
2
ion 1.1 Introduction for add
H9/L.
less
Detected
Min imum
<5.0
<0.5
ND
0.0
<1 0
u.o
ND
0.8k
ND
NA
NA
1.0
concentrat ions^
Maximum
410
3.0
9k
140
760
<1 o
2,800
120
6.2
67
10
NA
3,600
10
uq/L
Mean
<110
<2U
10
150
<10
<3UO
10
k
8.0
10
10
5.0
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
03
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
Treated wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating ( h)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( f )
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
(h) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for
of
of
samples detections
i\
53
6
22
16
53
7
(g) 60
7
6
1
61
See Section 1.1 1
.
based on the number
detections less than
3
1
1
3
4
2
5
8
3
NA
1
1
nt reduction for
of samples, not
detect ion 1 imi t
Detected
Minimum
U.O
20
0.0
<10
1.0
ND
NA
NA
concentrat ions.
Maximum
33
3.0
3.0
50
0.0
73
5.0
190
16
NA
<10
1.0
uq/L
Mean
16
32
0.0
-------
o
&>
rt
n>
1— '
NJ
-C-
oo
LO
M
CT>
.p-
1
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data
Treatment process Pilot scale Ful
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-alum
-1 ime
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 tration
Flotation
Ul traf i Itration
Activated Sludge 1
po ints
1 scale
1
1
2
2
U
U
1
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
remova 1 . %
20
NM
NM
>99
50 - >99
61 - >99
>96
NM
DI-N-OCTYL PHTHALATE
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
U.O
5.0
ND - BDL
ND - ND
ND - U.O
ND - 33
5.0
5,000
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
III. 3.
1 11.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.1
I I 1. 3.1
1 1 1.3.
1
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.9
.10
.21
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.6.4-6
-------
Compound; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Formula:
C-0-CH2CH(C2H5)C4H9
II
Alternate Names: DEHP; Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate;
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester phthalic acid;
Di(2-ethylhexyl) orthophthalate ;
Di-sec-octyl phthalate; 2-Ethylhexyl phthalate;
1,2-Benzene dicarboxylic acid; Bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
CAS ft; 117-81-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
mplecular weight: 391.0
melting point, °C: -50
boiling point (5 torr), °C: 387
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 2 x 10'7
solubility in water (25°C) , mg/L: 0.4
log octanol/water partition coefficient: ~8.73 (exact value unknown because
of molecular folding)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability : A-signif icant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.6.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: No direct photolysis; indirect photolysis too slow to be important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Too slow to be important (half-life of several years)
volatilization: Not a likely transport process
sorption: Sorption onto particulates and biota and complexation with humic
materials are most important transport processes
biological processes: Bioaccumulation and metabolization by many organisms,
and biodegradation are all very important fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.6.5-1
-------
Carbon AdSOrptiOn Data, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
11.300
1.5
0.91
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
2.5
0.01
88
8.0
0.001
2,800
280
25
Ca} Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
100
z
o
CO
cc
6
E
-51
o
UJ
CO
a:
O
to
o
<
S
•—
0
0.1
0.00001
pH = 5.3
0.0001 0.001
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
0.01
0.1
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.6.5-2
-------
rt
(D
NJ
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of
of
Industry samples detections
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chem-icals Manufacturing (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Co i 1 Coat ing ( j )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Explosives Manufacturing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paper-board Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not 'Specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ng/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5 ng/L
(j) Reference reports 0.0 ng/L- for detections less
than detection limit 10 ng/L.
31
49
1
18
47
28
78
28
53
118
53
8
1
1
75
33
57
30
21
178
6
1
11
76
12
1.1
.
27
21
1
3
39
28
63
18
24
114
51
0
1
1
54
15
NA
18
5
148
6
1
1
57
12
Introduction for add
Detected concentrat ionsL u,q/L
Mini mum
<0.04
3.0
32
4.0
<10
0.0
5.7
4.0
ND
0.61
ND
NA
NA
<3.0
180
ND
<140
1.0
10
Maximum
18,000
62
0.75
93
1,900
160
1,200
80
8.2 x 10E5
9,300
580
72
3,000
7,000
100
NA
87,000
700
2,500
16,000
20
<10
1,400
1,500
Mean
<2,600
16
59
<120
<38
100
<20
35,000
400
35
240
20
530
<12,000
360
53
<2,900
150
240
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
o
03
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
00
U)
Ul
Treated wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating ( i )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Texti le Mills (b) (g)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; NO, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
of
of Detected concentrations. uq/L
samples detect
10
52
6
6
30
16
53
15
1
(h) 55
28
1*9
19
21
163
6
12
9U
9
See Sect ion 1.1 1
.
7
36
6
H
28
16
25
11*
1
31*
18
NA
10
6
106
6
1
75
9
ntroduct ion
ions Minimum
22
3.0
10
2.0
<2.0 3
0.0
2.0
3.7
ND
NA
NA
<5.0
<10
ND
<2l*
1 .0
9.0
for additional informat
Maximum
1,000
11,000
150
31*
.0 x 10E5
1*2
16,000
26
1,900
1,200
12
NA
80
2,000
2,500
10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
(i) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for
based on the number
detections less than
of samples,
detection I
not detections.
imit 10 u.g/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcela in Enamel ing.
-------
o
ft
m
H- POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR B 1 S( 2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE
PS Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu la r
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
-barium chloride
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
^ -unspecified
Chemical Prec ipi tat ion with Filtration
y - 1 i me
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Flotat ion
Oi 1 Separation
Reverse Osmosis
Sedimentation
Ultraf i Itration
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
-non-aerated
Trickl ing Fi Iters
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Ful 1 sea le
8 3
1
2
1 4
2
2
12
1
2
1 1
3
2 3
10 11
8
2
6
1 16
2
38
6
1
1
Range of
remova I , %
0-66
99*
NM
99 - >99
95
80
41 - 97
NM
73 - 93*
50* - >97
97*
NM
16 - 91*
20 - 98
10-98
91 - 96
25 - 99*
14-80
>95 - 99*
15 - >99
26 - >99
>99
83
Range of
ef f I uent
cone. . uq/L
3.9 - 410
5.0
90 - 110
ND - 67
2.4 - 15
<10 - 80
ND - 40
BDL
BDL - 52
BDL - <10
BDL - 46
BDL - 84
BDL - 44
BLD - 16,000
30 - 1,100
44 - 130
BDL - 31
BDL - 170
BDL - <10
ND - 230
ND - <640
ND
6.0
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I 1.3.1.1
II I . 3 . 1 . 2
I I I .3.1.3
I I I .3. 1 .3
I I 1.3.1.4
I I 1.3.1.5
I I 1.3.1.9
I I 1.3.1.10
I I 1.3.1.14
I 1 1.3.1.16
1 I 1.3.1.18
I I 1.3.1.21
1 1 1.3.2.1
I I 1.3.2.2
1 1 1.3.2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 I.b.5-6
-------
Compound; Butyl benzyl phthalate
Formula: O
,C-O-C
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Butyl benzyl phthalate (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
1,520
1.26
0.86
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
220
20
0.001
4,000
390
36
Ca3 Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5 .3
1,000
o
CO
on
<
o
E
-51
S
LU
CO
Of.
o
•
100
10
1.0
5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
1.0
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
Date: 1/24/83
1.6.6-2
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
00
u>
ON
I
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Co i 1 Coa ting ( i )
Electrica 1 /Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Pulp and Paper-board Mills (g)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Text! le Mills (b) (f )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 (ig/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, pnd mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values- less than 5
(i) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections
than detection limit 10 |Jig/L.
of
of
samples detections
18
U9
18
35
13
78
28
53
102
3U
82
33
9
2
55
11
71
ion 1.1
ug/u
less
5
U
0
13
7
7
3
19
74
26
11
2
NA
1
19
1
6
Introduction for addi
Detected concentrations.
Mini mum
<5.0
3.0
0.3
ND
0.0
<10
6.0
ND
0.18
ND
NA
NA
ND
1.0
itional informat
Maximum
1,500
3.0
360
20
360
<10
690
10,000
3t
98
21
NA
<10
950
<10
160
ion.
uq/L
Mean
<2UO
3.0
<69
<10
120
<10
<85
750
5
10
11
6.7
110
52
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
(to
rt
n>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE
00
u>
Treated wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating ( i )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Pulp and Paper-board Mills (h)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (g)
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
of
of Detected concentrations. uq/L
samples detect
U
53
6
22
1U
53
12
(h) 57
28
9
1
U3
12
66
See Section 1.1 I
.
3
6
U
6
U
17
7
10
u
NA
0
5
0
5
ntroduct ion
ions Minimum
8.0
3.0
5.0
<0.03
0.0
U.O
0.33
ND
NA
NA
ND
1.0
for additional informat
Maximum
U2
3.0
7.0
<90
0.0
62
3.0
U80
66
NA
81
5.0
ion.
Mean
30
3.0
5.5
<25
0.0
<19
1.U
21
28
6.7
9.6
2.0
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ng/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
(i) Reference reports 0.0 ng/L for
based on the number
detections less than
of samples,
detection I
not detections.
imit 10 ug/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
0
rt
n>
ho
oo POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LI TY
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu la r
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
- 1 i me
-unspec i f led
M
o\ Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
ui Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 trat ion
Flotat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data po
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1
2 1
1
2
5
2
1
1
2
3 5
5
1
5
1
ALTERNATIVE FOR BUTYL
ints Range of
sea le remova 1 . %
53 - 99*
98*
99*
NM
>99
NM
NM
93
52 - >99
97 - >99
98*
95* - >99
NM
BENZYL PHTHALATE
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL - 17
BDL
BDL - 36
ND - BDL
BDL - <10
BDL
BDL
BDL - 3.0
ND - <10
ND - U2
BDL
ND - BDL
11
Vo 1 ume III
sect ion
number
1 1 1 .3.1.1
1 1 1 .3.1.2
1 1 1.3.1.3
1 1 1 .3.1.3
1 1 1 .3. 1 .U
1 1 1 .3.1.5
1 1 1 .3.1.9
1 1 1 .3.1.10
1 1 1 .3.1.16
1 1 1.3.1.18
1 1 1 .3.2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.6.6-6
-------
Compound; N-nitrosodimethylamine
Formula: 0
II
N
I
CH3NCH3
Alternate Names; N-methyl-N-nitrosomethanamine;
Dimethylnitrosoamine
CAS tt; 62-75-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-10]:
molecular weight: 74.08
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 151-153
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 0.06
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.7.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Slow photolysis in aqueous solution is the principal fate
oxidation: Resistant to oxidation
hydrolysis: Does not occur under natural conditions
volatilization: Much too slow to be important
sorption: Does not occur
biological processes.- No bioaccumulation; slowly degraded in sewage and soil
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not adsorbed by activated carbon
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.1-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.7.1-2
-------
a
rf
(D
oo
U>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF N-N 1 TROSODIMETHYLAM 1 NE
Industry
Coa 1 Mi ni ng (a )
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
49
7
33
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations. uq/L
detections Minimum Maximum Mean
0
0
0
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program- and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
rt
(D
to
.p-
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE
M
1 — >
1
•t-
Coa
Ore
See
(a)
Industry
1 M i n i ng ( a )
Mining and Dressing (a)
Section 1.1 Introduction for additional
Screening and verification data.
Number
of
samples
53
28
informat ion.
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concent rat ions ,_(ig/L
detections Minimum Maximum Mean
0
0
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
ft)
N>
O>
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE
Range of VoIume I I I
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Treatment process Pi lot sea le Fu I I sea le remova I . % cone. . uq/L number
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation I I I.3.1.3
-unspecified 1 >99 ND
ND, not detected.
M
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to nitrosamines.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for nitrosamines indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 5,850 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of nitro-
samines to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for nitrosamines indicate that acute toxicity to
saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 3,300,000 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of nitro-
samines to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of n-nitrosodimethylamine through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the
lifetimes are estimated at 10"5, 10~6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 14 ng/L, 1.4 ng/L, and 0.14
ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 160,000 ng/L,
16,000 ng/L, and 1,600 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing
different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk
estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an
Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of n-nitrosodiethylamine through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
concentration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time.
Therefore, the levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk,
over the lifetimes are estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10"5,
for example, indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for
every 100,000 people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 8.0 ng/L, 0.8
ng/L, and 0.08 ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for con-
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.1-6
-------
sumption of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels
are 12,400 ng/L, 1,240 ng/L, and 124 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations
representing different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines.
The risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not
represent an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure in n-nitrosodi-n-butylamine through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the
lifetimes are estimated at 10~5, 10~6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10"5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 64 ng/L, 6.4 ng/L, and 0.64
ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 5,868 ng/L, 587
ng/L, and 58.7 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure in n-nitrosodiphenylamine through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
concentration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the
lifetimes are estimated at 10~5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 49,000 ng/L, 4,900 ng/L, and
490 ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 161,000
ng/L, 16,100 ng/L, and 1,610 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations repre-
senting different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The
risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not represent
an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure in n-nitrosopyrrolidine through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
concentration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the
lifetimes are estimated at 10~5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 160 ng/L, 16.0 ng/L, and 1.60
ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 919,000 ng/L,
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.1-7
-------
91,900 ng/L, and 9,190 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing
different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk
estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an
Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.1-8
-------
Compound; N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
Formula:
Alternate Names; N-nitroso-N-phenylbenzamine;
Diphenylnitrosamine
CAS ft; 86-30-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
molecular weight: 198.2
melting point, °C: 66.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.57 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria.- See page 1.7.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Photolysis may be an important fate process
oxidation: Resistant to oxidation
hydrolysis: Does not occur under natural conditions
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Probably adsorbed by organic materials but exact fate unknown
biological processes: Potential for bioaccumulation, biodegradation, and
biotransformation, but quantitative data unavailable
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, N-nitrosodiphenylamine (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
All data pooled
220
0.37
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.8
0.01
25
2.3
0.001
60
5.9
0.54
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
10,0001
CARBON
o
0
0
g ADSORBED/gm
o
o
E
2
X
10
O.I
w^^
^^
i
fj
t - •
r
D1
•
i : r A
-
--
•^
0.1
•
J*^'
^^
^
K(
. |*
•
• pH = 3.0
• pH=7.0
_^^
A pH = 9.0
• Designates results that are similar
(or pH of 3.0. 7.0. and 9.0
1.0 10 100
RESIDUAL CONG. CCf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 290 run
Date: 10/8/82
1.7.2-2
-------
rt
n>
t— •
K)
oo
to
M
NJ
1
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF N-N 1 TROSODI PHENYLAM 1 NE
Raw wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Rubber Processing
Text! le Mills (b) (e)
Number
of
samples
2
49
18
1
3
53
7
7
33
1
71
Number
of
detect ions
1
1
1
1
0
5
4
0
0
1
5
Detected concentrations,
Minimum Maximum
1,800
45
250
17
9.0 1,400
ND 900
5.2
11 130
uq/L
Mean
<290
410
69
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
to
rt
(C
i— '
t-o
.p-
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
N-N 1 TROSOD 1 PHENYLAM 1 NE
Treated wastewater
Number
of
Industry samples
Auto and Other Laundries (a) 2
Coal Mining (b) 53
Aluminum Forming 5
Foundries 53
,_, Ore Mining and Dressing (b) 28
pH
~-J Rubber Processing 1
Ki
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
2 8U
0
1
5 <10
0
1
concent rat ions.
Maximum
620
67
190
<2.0
Mean
350
<80
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
*
M
1
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-unspecified
F i 1 1 ra t i on
Flotation
Sed i mentation
Activated Sludge
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR N-N 1 TROSOOI PHENYLAMI NE
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
1 NM
1 >99
2 1 >99
2 66
1 >99
2 69 - >99
Range of Vo lume I I
effluent section
cone. , uq/L number
I I I. 3.
O.U
I I I. 3.
ND
ND - O.U I I I .3.
84 - 620 I I 1. 3.1
ND 1 1 1.3.1
NO - 1.6 I I I. 3.
I
1.1
1.3
1.9
.10
.18
2. 1
ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1,7.2-6
-------
Compound: N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine
Formula:
N
I
C3H7-N-C3H7
Alternate Names: N-nitroso-N-propyl-1-propanamine;
Di-n-propylnitrosamine
CAS ft: 621-64-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7]
molecular weight: 130.2
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 205
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 9,900
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.31 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.7.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]
photolysis: Photolysis is slow but is the principal fate of the compound
oxidation: Resistant to oxidation
hydrolysis: Does not hydrolyze
volatilization: No loss by volatilization reported
sorption: No specific data but moderate adsorption by organic matter is
possible
biological processes: Moderate potential for bioaccumulation; very slowly
degraded in sewage
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, N-nitroso-dl-n-propylamine (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
All data pooled
24.4
0.26
0.87
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
67
0.01
130
12
0.001
250
24
2.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1,000
z
O
00
--
^~
.J
A
1 1;
01 0.1
>••*
!-*--
A
~ — -
•
3
. •
aV1
•&
A
1
^~*~
^^
• pH = 3.0
• pH=5.3
A pH=9.0
^ Designates results that are similar
lor pH ol 3.0, 5.3, and 9.0
1.0 10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. CCJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 232.4 nm
Date: 10/8/82
1.7.3-2
-------
rt
to
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF N-N ITROSODI -N-PROPYLAMI NE
1
LO
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (c)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
NO, not detected. See Section 1.1
Number
samp les
U9
53
7
7
33
Introduction for add it
Raw
Number
of
detections
0
3
6
0
0
iona I informat ion.
wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
<10 210
NO 570
Mean
<85
140
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from ,the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
(U
to
CO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF N-NITROSODI-N-PROPYLAMINE
Coa\ Mining
Foundries
Ore Mining
Texti le Mil
1 ndustry
(a)
and Dress ing (a )
Is (a) (b)
Number
of
samp les
53
53
28
94
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentration
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
0
3 2.0 19
s. uq/L
Mean
8.0
Timber Products Processing
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
rt
m
i — *
CO
co
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR N-N ITROSODI -N-PROPYLAM 1 NE
M-
OJ
1
Number of data points
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular 1
Fi Itrat ion 1
Activated Sludge 2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
Range of Vo I ume I I I
Range of effluent section
removal, t, cone.. uq/L number
I I 1 .3. 1 . 1
NM BDL
>99 ND I I I .3.1 .9
NM 2.0-19 III. 3. 2.1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.7.3-6
-------
Compound;
Formula:
Benzidine (dihydrochloride)
HG
Alternate Names; 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl;
4,4'-Biphenyldiamine;
(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine
CAS ft: 92-87-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-11]:
molecular weight: 184.2
melting point, °C: 129
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 402
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (12°C), mg/L: 400
log octanol/water partition coefficients: 1.81
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: D-degradable
water quality criteria: See page 1.7.4-5
Probable Fate [1-11] :
photolysis: Possible but actual significance uncertain
oxidation: Oxidation by metal cations very fast; also, reactions with oxygen
and/or hydroperoxy radical are very important
hydrolysis: Not important in th environment
volatilization: Not likely to occur in aquatic environment
sorption: Readily adsorped by clay minerals and metal cation complexes
biological processes: No bioaccumulation; slowly biodegraded in acclimated
sewage systems. Toxicity to microorganisms at high
(>100 mg/L) concentrations
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82
1.7.4-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Benzldine, (Benzldine dihydrochloride) (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
3.0
110
0.35
0.97
pH 7 and 9 pooled
220
0.37
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a3
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.4
0.01
24
2.2
0.001
58
5.7
0.52
(a3 Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH.
ADSORBED/gm CARBON
-L O C
DOC
E
Z
^s.
X
'*
^^
1
_^
' 1
Q L
e *
^,
^_^f^
%
#
1
*>*
^~
»-»
^
^v
01 0.1 1.0
'4f
^
---
"
„ R
1 " "
r-<
•
^*
*
i .-^*"
1
• pH=3.0
• pH=7.0
ApH=9.0
* Designates results that are similar
for pH of 7.0 and 9.0
10 10C
RESIDUAL CONG. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 277 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen. Values based on the dihydrochloride
compound of benzidine.
Date: 1/24/83
1.7.4-2
-------
o
(tt
ft
ID
1-0
00
u>
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
^j Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
** Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (e)
OJ
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samp les
49
18
3
53
7
20
33
OF BENZIDENE
Number
of
detect ions
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
Raw wastewater
Detected concent rations^ uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
27
<10
<10
ND 6.0 1.2
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 ug/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
CD
n>
N>
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZIDINE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Meta
Ore Mining and
1 s Manufacturing
Dressing (a)
Number
of
sa moles
53
53
8
28
Number
of
detections
0
1
0
0
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
<10
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
pi
rt
(D
to
oo
CJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR BENZIDINE
Treatment process
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
Range of
removaI. %
Range of
effluent
cone.. ug/L
VoIume I I I
sect ion
number
Activated Sludge
NM
200
I I 1.3.2.1
NM, not meaningful.
I
Ln
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to benzidine.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for benzidine indicate that acute toxicity to fresh-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 2,500 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of benzidine to
sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with benzidine and no statement
can be made concerning acute and chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin
ogenic effects.due to exposure of benzidine through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10~5, 10"6, 10~7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 1.2 ng/L, 0.12 ng/L, and 0.01 ng/L, respectively.
If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only,
excluding consumption of water, the levels are 5.3 ng/L, 0.53 ng/L, and 0.05
ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk levels
may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is pre-
sented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment on
an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.4-6
-------
Compound: 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
Formula:
«-£ ^
/T\ /^A
NH2
Alternate Names: 3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diamino-(l,1'-biphenyl)
CAS ft; 91-94-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7]:
molecular weight: 253.1
melting point, °C: 132
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (22°C), mg/L: 4.0 (as dihydrochloride)
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.02 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.7.5-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis*: Possible, but exact importance unknown
oxidation*.- Oxidized (especially by metal cations) like benzidine but not
quite as easily
hydrolysis: Not important environmentally
volatilization*: Essentially nonvolatile
sorption*: Adsorption by clay minerals, possibly most important transport
process
biological processes: Bioaccumulated by aquatic organisms; resistant to
biodegradation but may degrade in sewage systems in
a manner similar to benzidine
other reactions/interactions: Not important
*Based on data for unsubstituted benzidine.
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.5-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
All data pooled
300
0.20
0.92
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
4.8
0.01
8.3
0.8
0.001
13
1.3
0.1
(a) Carbon closes in mg/L at pH 7.2
10,000
O
oo
ce:
<
O
o
UJ
CO
1,000
100
X
10
0.001
• pH=7.2
ApH=9.1
0.01 0.1
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 282 nm
REMARKS: OSHA regulated carcinogen
10
Date: 10/8/82
1.7.5-2
-------
G
to
rt
rt>
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 3-3'-DlCHLOROBENZIDlNE
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
•
i^i Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) \d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Number
of
samp les
48
18
53
7
7
15
32
1
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations, (iq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
ND 0.07 0.02
ND 2.0 3.0
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >~\Q ug/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and th&refore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
oo
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE
^J
Ul
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Number
of
samples
52
53
18
28
1
Number
of
detections
1
0
0
0
1
Detected concentrat ionsj u.g/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
3.0
ND 2.0 0.2
<10
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Detections >10 (ig/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents, data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling1, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.7.5-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to dichlorobenzidines.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The data base available for dichlorobenzidines and freshwater organisms
is limited to one test on bioconcentration of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and no
statement can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with any dichlorobenzidine and no
statement can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of dichlorobenzidine through ingestion of con-
taminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10'5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 0.103 yg/L, 0.0103 yg/L, and
0.00103 yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption
of aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are
0.204 yg/L, 0.0204 yg/L, and 0.00204 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations
representing different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines.
The risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not
represent an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.5-6
-------
Compound ; 1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine
Formula;
H H
Alternate Names; Hydrazobenzene ; N,N' -Bianiline
CAS ft; 122-66-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-8, 1-10]:
molecular weight: 184.2
melting point, °C: 131
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: Decomposes near melting point
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 221
log octanol/water partition coefficients: 3.03
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability : A-Significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.7.6-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Slow photoreduction to aniline possibly leads to destruction of
compound
oxidation: Reversible oxidation by molecular oxygen to azobenzene occurs;
further oxidation unknown if any
hydrolysis: Only possible in bisulfite wastes of a paper mill or coal mine
volatilization: Neither 1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine nor the oxidized form,
azobenzene, have a tendency to volatilize
sorption: Sorption onto particulates is the main transport process for the
compound
biological processes: No data, but bioaccumulation possible; biodegradation
is likely in acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions-. Intramolecular rearrangement to form benzidine
occurs in strongly acidic solution;
1 ,2-Diphenylhydrazine rapidly oxidized to
azobenzene in aerated solutions and is reversible
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.6-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
5.3
16,000
2.0
0.95
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1,0
0.1
0.01
0.1
5.7
0.01
630
57
0.001
63,000
6,200
570
Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1U.UUU
z
O
CO
CC
g 1,000
o>
g ADSORBED/
m*.
O
O
h
2
X
10
1
1
(
t
~4 u H
— ^ ~|
r
/
y
/
/
/
^i
/
•f-
f
-PH=53
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
RESIDUAL CONC. CC,), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Organic Carbon
REMARKS: Rapid oxidation to azobenzene. Azobenzene solubility is 0.25 mg/1.
Date: 1/24/83 1.7.6-2
-------
o
0)
(D
1/24/83
M
^
1
U>
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Coa 1 Min i ng (a )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Paint a/)d Ink Formulation (b)
Texti le Mills (a) (d)
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
k9
18
28
53
2
7
32
1
68
1 , 2-D I PHENYLHYDRAZ I NE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
1 3.0
0
1 <10
2 <10 <10
2 5.0 12
0
0
1 7,600
1 22
uq/L
Mean
<10
9.0
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
pj
rt
ro
00
U)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE
Treated wastewater
M
-J
*
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Number
of
samples
53
53
28
1
Number
of
detections
0
t
0
0
Detected concentrations. ug/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
<10 <10 <10
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
»
rt
CD
S3
-P-
oo
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE
Range of VoIume I I I
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Treatment process Pi lot sea le Fu I I sea le remova I . % cone.. ug/L number
Solvent Extraction 1 36 3,000 I I 1.3.1.20
I
Ln
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to 1,2-diphenylhydrazine,
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for 1,2-diphenylhydrazine indicate that acute toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 270 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of 1,2-
diphenylhydrazine to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with 1,2-diphenylhydrazine and no
statement can be made concerning acute and chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10~5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 422 ng/L, 42 ng/L, and 4
ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 5.6 yg/L, 0.56
yg/L, and 0.056 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.6-6
-------
Compound; Acrylonitrile
Formula:
Alternate Names; Vinyl cyanide;
Cyanoethylene •
Propenonitrile
CAS ft; 107-13-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 53.06
melting point, °C: -82
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 78.5
vapor pressure (22.8°C), _torr: 100 (calculated)
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 73,500
log octanol/water partition coefficient: -0.14 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (15°C): 6.66 x 10~5 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability : D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.7.7-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: No direct photolysis
oxidation: Free radical oxidation too slow to be important
hydrolysis: Not important in the environment
volatilization: High vapor pressure indicates volatilization may be a major
transport process
sorption: Possible adsorption onto clay particles
biological processes: Little, if any bioaccumulation; biodegradation in
acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Conversion to CNS~ ion occurs with basic
catalysts
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.7-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Acryionitriie (1-8):
ABSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
1.4
0.51
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
2,200
0.01
7,700
700
0.001
25,000
2,500
230
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
100
o
CD
en
<.
o
E
-5*
O
UJ
CO
O£
o
(/)
o
10
1.0
0.1
lpH = 5.3
0.1
1.0 10
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
100
1,000
ANALYTICAL METHOD'. Total Carbon
Date: 10/8/82
1.7.7-2
-------
u
ft
fl>
• •
d INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ACRYLONI TR 1 LE
NJ
.*• Raw wastewater
00
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
i— i
^, Rubber Processing
7* Text! le Mills (a) (d)
Number
of
samples
hi
5
53
1
33
26
1
16
Number
of
detect ions
0
4
0
0
0
NA
1
2
Detected concentrations. u.q/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
21 4,700 2,100
NA NA 46,000
32
90 1,600 840
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(to
rt
(t
to
-P-
oo
OJ
M
— 1
— 1
1
-P-
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Rubber Processing
Text! le Mills (b) (c)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
51
5
53
28
9
1
80
OF ACRYLONI
Number
of
detections
0
2
1
0
NA
1
1
TRILE
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrat
Minimum Maximum
190 3,000
23
NA NA
<23
too
ions. uq/L
Mean
1,600
93
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.7.7-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to Acrylonitrile.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for acrylonitrile indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 7,550 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No definitive data are available concerning the chronic tox-
icity of acrylonitrile to sensitive freshwater aquatic life but mortality
occurs at concentrations as low as 2,600 yg/L with a fish species exposed for
30 days.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
Only one saltwater species has been tested with acrylonitrile and no
statement can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of acrylonitrile through ingestion of con-
taminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10'6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 0.58 yg/L, 0.058 yg/L and
0.006 yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 6.5
yg/L, 0.65 yg/L, and 0.065 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations repre-
senting different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The
risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not repre-
sent an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.7.7-6
-------
Compound; Butylamine
F°rmula; H H H H „
H
I I I I /
H-C-C-C-C-N
MM \
H H H H
i
Alternate Names; 1-Aminobutane
CAS ft; 109-73-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6]:
molecular weight: 73.14
melting point, °C: -49.1
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 77.8
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 72
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Degradation by Aerobacter at 3°C of 200 mg/L concentration
was 100% in 7 hours
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis;
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data [1-8] : Not adsorbed by activated carbon
Date: 10/8/82 1.7.8-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1,7.8-2
-------
Compound: Diethylamine
Formula:
H-N
C2H5
Alternate Names: None
CAS ft; 109-89-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6, -128] :
molecular weight: 73.14
melting point, °C: -48 to -50
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: 56.3
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 200
solubility in water (14°C), mg/L: 815,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (50°C)i: 1.10 x 10"4 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability : Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis -.
volatilization :
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.7.9-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.7.9-2
-------
Compound: Ethylenediamine
Formula: „ „
\ I i /»
N-C-C-N
«' i i X«
Alternate Names: Diaminoethane;
1,2-Ethanediamine;
1,2-Diaminoethane
CAS ft; 107-15-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6, 1-9, 1-12]:
molecular weight: 60.11
melting point, °C: 8.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 116
vapor pressure (21°C), torr: 10
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Freely soluble, forms hydrate
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: 98% ethylenediamine removal (measured as COD removal)
obtained at 20°C in activated sludge at a rate of 9.8 mg
COD/g dry inoculum/hr
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not adsorbed by activated carbon
Date: 10/8/82 1.7.10-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.7.10-2
-------
Compound ; Monoethylamine
Formula;
I I /
H-C-C-N
Alternate Names ; Ethylamine ; Aminoethane
CAS ft; 75-04-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6]
molecular weight: 45.09
melting point, °C: -81
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 16.6
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 910
solubility in water (25°C) , mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes;
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.7.11-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.7.11-2
-------
Compound; Monomethylamine
Formula : H
- I /H
H-C-N
Alternate Names; Methylamine; Aminome thane; Carbinamine ;
Mercurialin; Methanamine
CAS ft: 74-89-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-13]
molecular weight: 31.06
melting point, °C: -95.3
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: -6.3
vapor pressure (21°C), torr: 2,160
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: At 760 torr, 1 volume of water dissolves
959 volumes of gas
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability : Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization :
sorption;
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.7.12-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.7.12-2
-------
Compound: Triethylamine
Formula:
CH2CH3
N
H3CH2C/ \E2CE3
Alternate Names: None
CAS ft; 121-44-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6] :
molecular weight: 101.2
melting point, °C: -115
boilng point (760 torr), °C: 90
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 50
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 15,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability-. Degradation by Aerobacter at 30°C of 200 mg/L concentra-
tion was 100% in 11 hours
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.7.13-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.7.13-2
-------
Compound ; Trimethylamine
CHa
11
Formula; CH3
AlternateNames: None
CAS_§: 75-50-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-14]
molecular weight: 59.11
melting point, °C: -117 to -124
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 3.5
vapor pressure (20°C), torrs 1,440
solubility in water (19°C), mg/L: 410,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorptions
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
CarbonAdsorption Data: Not available
Dates 10/8/82 1.7.14-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.7.14-2
-------
Compound; Phenol
Formula;
Alternate Names; Carbolic acid; Hydroxybenzene; Phenyl hydroxide;
Phenic acid; Phenyl hydrate
CAS ft; 108-95-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-12, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 94.11
melting point, °C: 40.9
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 182
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L; 93,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.46
Henry's law constant (25°C): .13 x 10"6 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.8.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis; Some photooxidation occurs but is not environmentally important
oxidation: Metal-catalyzed oxidation may take place in highly aerated waters
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Very little, if any, volatilization of phenol occurs
sorption: Not important
biological processes; No bioaccumulation, but very extensive biodegradation
in natural waters and sewage
other reactions/interactions: Chlorination of w.ater may produce chlorophenols
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.1-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Phenol (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
All data pooled
21
0.54
0.89
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
150
0.01
570
52
0.001
2,000
200
18
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
X/M, mg ADSORBED/gm CARBON
r1 -•• o
o o o
^
$r
• PH
• pH
ApH
*De
loi
*'
=3
= /
sig
Pi
^
i
x' |
* 'l -S
i1?
z
.0
.0
.0
nates results that are similar
H ol 3.0, 7.0 and 9.0
0.01
0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
100
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 288 nm.
10/8/82
1.8.1-2
-------
IB
rt
ro
N>
oo
CO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF PHENOL
oo
I
LO
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of of Detected concent ra t ions^ H9/L
Industry samples detections Minimum
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (c)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Co i 1 Coat i ng
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Explosives Manufacturing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (g)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5 u.g/L
31
46
1
18
18
35
3
25
28
53
59
50
4
2
8
6
33
76
29
21
178
6
5
11
77
9
I .1
.
15
6
1
14
14
16
1
0
19
20
44
31
4
2
8
1
2
NA
14
13
153
6
5
1
57
5
I ntroduct ion
<0.07
3.0
39 6.
<10
<0.3
ND
<10
6.0
ND
0.09
15
450
10
ND
NA
NA
<5.0
13
ND
7.3
7.1
1.0
1,400
for additional informat
Maximum
1,900
16
160
7 x 10E5
25,000
9,900
<10
3,500
30,000
6,600
120
70
630
6,400
70
160
NA
3,800
34,000
1,400
26,000
4,400
4.5
4,900
87,000
ion.
Mean
<240
5.0
95,000
<3,600
<640
<10
<460
<4,200
620
7.7
42
540
1,400
12
120
40,000
<500
>3,400
93
4,500
900
160
28,000
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
a
it
fl>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF PHENOL
co
CO
Treated wastewater
Number Number
1 industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating (h)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( f )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
of
of
samples detect
9
51
1
19
6
21
it
53
19
2
it
4
28
56
19
21
163
6
12
95
5
Section 1 . 1
9
8
0
18
3
14
1
18
10
2
it
0
3
NA
11
2
80
6
1
24
5
Introduction
Detected
ions Minimum
7.0
3.0
it.O
60
2.0
1.0
0.25
850
3.0
NA
NA
<5.0
<10
NO
5.3
1.0
10
concentrat
Max imum
53,000
3.0
53,000
1,400
9,700
0.0
lit, 000
5.0
>16,000
10
210
NA
1,200
<10
1,700
it, 900
2.0
100
16,000
ions. uq/L
Mean
6,000
3.0
<3,itOO
630
<1,300
<1,100
2.0
>8,itOO
5.2
92
110
<1itO
<10
67
<830
16
3,200
for additional information.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
(h) Reference reports 0.0 u,g/L f°r detect
on the number
of samples,
ions less than detection I
not detections.
imits 10 ng/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
a
fU
rt
Number of data
*-
OS
OJ
03
1
Cn
Treatment process Pi
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
-1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-unspec if ied
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Fiotat ion
Oi 1 Separat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sedimentation
Solvent Extraction
Ul traf i 1 trat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Rotating Biological Contactor
Trickl ing Fi 1 ters
lot scale Fu
5
2
6
3
12
1
2
1
j»oints
I I sea le
2
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
7
9
2
7
1
2
30
5
Range of
remova I . %
18 - 98*
93*
>99
>33 - 96
69*
NM
NM
NM
91
22 - >99
0-80
>99
80
33 - >99
3 - >99
NM
8 - >99
25 - >99
56 - 63
NM
IVE FOR PHENOL
Range of
effluent
cone. . lq/
BDL -
5.0
ND -
<10 -
BDL
ND
74
13
BDL -
ND -
5 -
ND -
0.2 -
BDL -
77 -
55 -
ND -
ND -
1.6 X 10E5 -
37
49
<10
140
3.0
34,000
2,400
820
0.7
670
9.6 X 10E6
9,700
1,400
24
1.6 x 10E5
Vo 1 ume 1
section
number
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
111.3.
I 1 1 .3.
I I 1 .3.1
I I I .3.1
1 II. 3.1
I I 1.3.1
I I 1.3.1
I I 1 .3.1
1 1 1.3.
I I 1.3.
1 11.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1
1. 1
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.16
.18
.20
.21
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to phenol.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for phenol indicate that acute and chronic toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 10,200 and 2,560
yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species that
are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for phenol indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater
aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 5,800 yg/L and would occur at
lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of phenol to sensitive
saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For comparison purposes, two approaches were used to derive criterion
levels for phenol. Based on available toxicity data, for the protection of
public health, the derived level is 3.5 mg/L. Using available organoleptic
data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of ambient water, the
estimated level is 0.3 mg/L. It should be recognized that organoleptic data
as a basis for establishing a water quality criterion have limitations and
have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human health effects.
Date: 9/25/81 1.8.1-6
-------
Compound; 2-Chlorophenol
Formula: OH
Alternate Names.- o-Chlorophenol
CAS tt; 95-57-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-12, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 128.6
melting point, °C: 8.4
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 176
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 2.2 (calculated)
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 28,500
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.17
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 8.28 x 10"6 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria.- See page 1.8.2-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Photolysis occurs in aqueous alkali, but environmental
importance is unknown
oxidation: Could occur, but probably cannot compete with biodegradation
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably occurs, but not fast enough to be important
sorption.- Slight potential for adsorption by lipophilic and clay materials
biological processes: No bioaccumulation; slowly degraded in aquatic and soil
environments
other reactions/interactions: Chlorination of water could further chlorinate
2-chlorophenol
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 2-chiorophenoi (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
All data pooled
51.0
0.41
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION fa)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
45
0.01
130
12
0.001
330
33
3.0
fa) Carbon closes in mg/L at pH 5.8
O
CO
O
E
-5P
O
UJ
CO
oc
O
I/I
O
uuu
100
1.0
0.
t
^
^~
^
^
r 0
01 ' 0. 1
rf'*^'
P*^
\ 1
1
^
<4
^
- •• *
• pH«3.0
• pH = s.e
•1%^
f'k*
^"
A pH = 9.0
+ Designates results that are simil
(or pH ol 3.0, 5.8, and 9.0
ar
1.0 10 10
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mq/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 273.5 nm
Date: 10/8/82
1.8.2-2
-------
o
It
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL
ho
-P-
oo
00
N)
Raw wastewater
Number Number
1 ndust ry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mi n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Found r i es
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Text! le Mills (b) (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification da.ta.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
of
samp
5
U6
6
19
28
53
2
7
3
32
22
21
15
1
68
9
ion 1.1
of
les detect i ons
2
1
2
U
13
9
2
0
3
0
NA
1
3
1
2
5
Introduction for add
Detected concent rat i ons,_ ng/L
M i n imum
0.3
21
<10
1.5
<10
76
10
NA
ND
10
10
itional informat
Maximum
1.0
86
36,000
130
90
210
620
25
NA
320
120
96
130
42
ion.
Mean
0.65
18,000
-------
Date: 1/24/83
i-i
oo
*
ro
i
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (d)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( c )
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
3
51
U
23
53
1
28
14
21
15
65
5
Number
of
detections
1
0
0
6
10
1
0
NA
0
3
1
5
Detected concentrations^
Minimum Maximum
2.0
<3.0 620
<10 85
10
NA NA
ND 50
10
U.O 10
uq/L
Mean
<100
<20
140
It
8.8
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, porcelain Enameling.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 2-CHLOROPHENOL
M
00
NJ
1
Ul
Treatment process
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 ra t i o n
Flotation
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
1
1
1
1
2
1 2
Range of
remova I . %
NM
0
NM
>99
>99
92 - >99
Range of Vo I ume I I
effluent section
cone., uq/L number
BDL I I I .3.
2.0 II I .3.
2.0 I I 1.3.1
ND I I 1.3.1
ND - BDL I I 1.3.1
ND - 100 III .3.
I
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.18
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to 2-chlorophenol.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for 2-chlorophenol indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 4,380 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No definitive data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of
2-chlorophenol to sensitive freshwater aquatic life but flavor impairment occurs
in one species of fish at concentrations as low as 2,000 -\igfL.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with 2-chlorophenol and no state-
ment can be made concerning acute and chronic toxicity.
Human Health
Sufficient data are not available for 2-chlorophenol to derive a level
which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using
available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality
of ambient water, the estimated level is 0.1 yg/L. It should be recognized
that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human
health effects.
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.2-6
-------
Compound: 2,4-Dichlorophenol
Formula: OH
Cl
Alternate Names: 2,4-DCP
CAS tt; 120-83-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-12, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 163.0
melting point, °C: 45
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 210
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.12 (calculated)
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 4,500
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.75
Henry's law constant (25°C): 6.66 x 10"6 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.8.3-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Photolysis possible, but cannot compete with microbial
biodegradation
oxidation: Any oxidation which occurs is too slow to be important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: No data, but not expected to be important
sorption: Sorption will not remove significant amounts of 2,4-dichlorophenol
biological processes: Rapid microbial degradation is the principal fate of
2,4-DCP
other reactions/interactions: Chlorination of water may produce further
chlorination of 2,4-DCP
Date: 10/8/82 1.8.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 2,4-Dichiorophenoi (i-8):
ABSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coei. r
PH
3.0
147
0.35
0.96
5.3
157
0.15
0.96
9.0
141
0.29
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.0
0.01
12
1.1
0.001
17
1.7
0.2
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
10.000
• pH = 3.0
• pH -5.3
ApH -9.0
0.01
10
100
RESIDUAL CONG. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 241.2 nm at pH 11
Date 10/8/82
1.8.3-2
-------
rt
ro
so
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2,U-DICHLOROPHENOL
00
•
u>
1
to
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Found r ies
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Text! le Mills (b) (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
samp Ies
5
U6
7
18
1
28
53
2
17
1
32
15
1
2U
U9
71
9
Number
of
detections
3
0
1
1
1
2
15
2
3
1
1
NA
0
0
22
2
5
ion 1.1 Introduction for add
Detected concentrations, i-ig/L
Minimum
1.0
10
7.0
10
0.09
NA
ND
20
10
itional informat
Maximum
10
2UO
110
38
17
5,700
68
3.0
10
10
NA
220
U1
6,600
ion.
Mean
<5.3
1U
<720
39
1.U
180
15
31
2,400
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
fa
rt
(D
t— •
ISJ
-P-
OO
M
00
W
1
-P-
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (e)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
3
51
7
6
53
8
1
28
1U
1
21
U9
OF 2,U-DICHLOROPHENOL
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
1 2.0
0
2 7.0 4U
0
1U <10 220
3 1.5 1.5
1 10
0
NA NA NA
1 <10
1 10
20 ND 130
ug/L
Mean
26
<33
1.5
21
7.9
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
rt
(D
i — »
N>
00
IjO
oo
w
1
Ln
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu 1 a r
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-sodium carbonate
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotat ion
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 2, 4-D 1 CHLOROPHENOL
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal, %
2 NM
1 >99
3 2 67 - >99
1 NM
2 98
1 >99
Range of Volume 1
effluent section
cone.. uq/L number
1 1 1 .3
BDL - BDL
1 1 1 .3
ND
ND - 2.0 1 1 1 .3
6.0 1 1 1 .3.
10-48 1 1 1 .3.
ND 1 1 1.3
1 1
.1.1
.1.3
.1.9
1.10
1.18
.2. 1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to 2,4-dichlorophenol.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for 2,4-dichlorophenol indicate that acute and
chronic toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low
as 2,020 and 365 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations
among species that are more sensitive than those tested. Mortality to early
life stages of one species of fish occurs at concentrations as low as 70 vg/L.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
Only one test has been conducted with saltwater organisms on 2,4-
dichlorophenol and no statement can be made concerning acute or chronic
toxicity.
Human Health
For comparison purposes, two approaches were used to derive criterion
levels for 2,4-dichlorophenol. Based on available toxicity data, for the
protection of public health, the derived level is 3.09 mg/L. Using available
organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of
ambient water, the estimated level is 0.3 yg/L. It should be recognized that
organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human
health effects.
Date: 9/25/81 1.8.3-6
-------
Compound: 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Formula; OH
Cl
Cl
Alternate Names; None
CAS ft; 88-06-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 197.4
melting point, °C: 68
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 244
vapor pressure (76.5°C), torr: 1.0
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 800
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.38
Henry's law constant (25°C): 7.2 x 10~6 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.8.4-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Reported in experiments, but environmental significance unknown
oxidation: Too slow to be important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Not important
sorption; High potential for sorption by organic and clay materials,- rate
unknown
biological processes: Biodegradation very important, but exact rate uncertain
due to variations between data
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.4-1
-------
Carbon AdSOrptiOn Data, 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coel. r
PH
3.0
219. 0
0.29
0.97
6.0
1.55.1
0.40
0.94
9.0
nn.i
0.39
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
15
0.01
41
3.7
0.001
105
10.4
0.9
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 6.0
10,000
O
00
E
o>
CO
O£
O
1,000
100
10
• pH=3.0
• pH=6.0
A pH = 9.0
* Designates results that are similar
tor pH of 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0
0.01 0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD'. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 312.6 nm
100
Date: 10/8/82
1.8.4-2
-------
G
Pi
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2, »*, 6-TR I CHLOROPHENOL
NJ
•c-
oo
oo
%
.c-
OJ
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M in ing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Electrica 1 /Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Text! le Mi 1 Is (b) (e)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
of
samo
1
1*6
6
18
1*
1
53
7
17
2
9
32
22
1
88
1
76
9
ion 1.1
of
les detections
0
0
1
11
1
1
11*
5
3
1
0
1
NA
1
50
1
7
5
Introduction for add
Detected concentrations
Minimum Maximum
UOO
<10 5,900
22
13
<10 1,400
ND 1,800
0.78 1,500
10
12
NA NA
<10
ND 420
7.3
1.0 94
10 530
itional information.
, uq/L
Mean
<2,200
<230
370
500
190
51
29
160
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
G
(U
rt
n>
h— •
NJ
4>
oo
u>
M
00
-f>
-f>
INDUSTRIAL
OCCURRENCE OF
2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Texti le Mills (b) (e)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samp les
1
51
5
6
20
53
8
2
11
28
16
1
88
94
5
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
1
0
0
4 <10
9 <3.0
14 2.0
1
1
0
0
NA NA
0
37 ND
2 2.0
5 5.0
concentrat
Maximum
3.0
4,300
1,800
600
220
10
NA
450
21
10
ions. uq/L
Mean
<1,000
<260
<110
320
48
12
8.0
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samples, not detections.
information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
CB
rf
n>
H- '
NJ
oo
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LI TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Coagulation and Floccuiation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotat ion
Jjo Oil Separation
** Sedimentation
Ln
Solvent Extraction
Ul traf i It rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Trickl ing Fi 1 ters
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 2,4,
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1 11
1
1
Range of
remova I . %
NM
80
NM
>99
37* - >99
>99
99
>37 - >99
>99
NM
6-TRICHLOROPHENOL
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL
69
3.0
ND
ND - 2.0
ND
ND
ND - 4,300
ND
2.0
Vo I ume III
sect ion
number
I I 1.3.1.5
I I 1.3.1.9
I I 1.3.1.10
I I I .3.1.14
I I 1.3.1.18
I I I .3.1.20
I I I .3.1.21
I I I .3.2. 1
I I I .3.2.2
I I I .3.2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to chlorinated phenols.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available freshwater data for chlorinated phenols indicate that toxicity
generally increases with increasing chlorination, and that acute toxicity occurs
at concentrations as low as 30 yg/L for 4-chloro-3-methylphenol to greater than
500,000 yg/L for other compounds. Chronic toxicity occurs at concentrations
as low as 970 yg/L for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Acute and chronic toxicity
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive
than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available saltwater data for chlorinated phenols indicate that toxicity
generally increases with increasing chlorination and that acute toxicity occurs
at concentrations as low as 440 yg/L for 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol and
29,700 yg/L for 4-chlorophenol. Acute toxicity would occur at lower concen-
trations among species that are more sensitive than those tested. No data
are available concerning the chronic toxicity of chlorinated phenols to
sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
Sufficient data is not available for 3-monochlorophenol to derive a level
which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using
available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality
of ambient water, the estimated level is 0.1 yg/L. It should be recognized
that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria
have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse
human health effects.
Sufficient data is not available for 4-monochlorophenol to derive a level
which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using
available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality
of ambient water, the estimated level is 0.1 yg/L. It should be recognized
that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria
have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse
human health effects.
Sufficient data is not available for 2,3-dichlorophenol to derive a level
which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using
available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality
of ambient water, the estimated level is 0.04 yg/L. It should be recognized
that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human
health effects.
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.4-6
-------
Sufficient data is not available for 2,5-dichlorophenol to derive a level
which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using
available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality
of ambient water, the estimated level is 0.5 yg/L. It should be recognized
that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria
have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse
human health effects.
Sufficient data is not available for 2,6-dichlorophenol to derive a level
which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using
available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality
of ambient water, the estimated level is 0.2 yg/L. It should be recognized
that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria
have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse
human health effects.
Sufficient data is not available for 3,4-dichlorophenol to derive a level
which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using
available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality
of ambient water, the estimated level is 0.3 yg/L. It should be recognized
that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria
have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse
human health effects.
Sufficient data is not available for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol to derive
a level which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound.
Using available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor
quality of ambient water, the estimated level is 1.0 yg/L. It should be
recognized that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality
criteria have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential
adverse human health effects.
For comparison purposes, two approaches were used to derive criterion
levels for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. Based on available toxicity data, for the
protection of public health, the derived level is 2.6 mg/L. Using available
organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of
ambient water, the estimated level is 1.0 yg/L. It should be recognized that
organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human
health effects.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
concentration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10'7. [A risk of 10'5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 12 yg/L, 1.2 yg/L, and 0.12
yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.4-7
-------
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 36 \ig/L, 3.6
Vig/L, and 0.36 \iq/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing differ-
ent risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgement on an "acceptable" risk level.
Using available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and
odor quality of ambient water, the estimated level is 2.0 jig/L. It should be
recognized that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality
criterion have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential
adverse human health effects.
Sufficient data is not available for 2-methyl-4-chlorophenol to derive a
level which would protect against any potential toxicity of this compound.
Using available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor
quality of ambient water, the estimated level is 1,800 \ig/L. It should be
recognized that organoleptic, data as a basis for establishing a water quality
criterion have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential
adverse human health effects.
Sufficient data is not available for 3-methyl-4-chlorophenol to derive a
level which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound.
Using available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor
quality of ambient water, the estimated level is 3,000 jig/L. It should be
recognized that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality
criterion have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential
adverse human health effects.
Sufficient data is not available for 3-methyl-6-chlorophenol to drive a
level which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound.
Using available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor
quality of ambient water, the estimated level is 20 \ig/L. It should be rec-
ognized that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality
criterion have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential
adverse human health effects.
Date: 12/22/82 ' 1.8.4-8
-------
Compound.- Pentachlorophenol
Formula:
Alternate Names: PCP ,•
Chlorophen;
Pentachlorol
CAS tt; 87-86-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 266.4
melting point, °C: 190
boiling point (760 t-orr), °C: 310
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.00011 (calculated)
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 14
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.01
Henry's law constant (25°C): 8.82 x 10"6 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability.- A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.8.5-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Forms a variety of products; very important fate
oxidation: Can occur, but relatively unimportant
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Sorption by organic materials provides storage and transport process
biological processes: Strongly bioaccumulated by many organisms; biodegraded
gradually by microbes
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 10/8/82 1.8.5-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Pentachlorophenol (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
3.0
260
0.39
0.98
7.0
150
0.42
0.98
9.0
100
0.41
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
16
0.01
47
4.3
0.001
130
12
1.1
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
1U.OUU
CARBON
"0
8
g ADSORBED/gm
o
o
E
2
•~.
X
10
0
•L.
'
+ '
.
^
• f
, +*~
^^
'
^
t-
^*
*
M
A'
tt
f f
+ ''
01 0.1
• ^
. • —
• ^^
•^*
'
^
**
*s
1
^
*r
1 1
J *
- 1
4
1.0
. "^
_^r
!'^ ^
(•^
• pH=3.0
• pH = 7.0
A pH = 9.0
10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. CC^D, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 247 nm , basic pH
Date: 10/8/82
1.8.5-2
-------
o
01
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL
S3
00
u>
oo
•
Ui
I
LO
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (g)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
2
46
1
7
18
8
1
53
18
17
2
17
33
18
27
21
114
2
11
76
9
Number
of
detections
1
0
1
3
6
1
1
13
11
7
1
1
1
NA
8
0
44
2
1
20
9
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for add
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 (ig/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than
5 ng/L.
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Min imum
3.0
10
ND
<10
ND
0.2
ND
NA
<5.0
ND
3.9
1.0
1,200
Maximum
3.0
370
790
6,200
40
250
1,600
50,000
680
10
17
10
NA
14,000
1,200
150
3.8
310
1.6 x 10E5
Mean
280
2,900
<5.0
<170
4,000
150
1.5
1,900
<2,500
72
77
56
33,000
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
B>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL
ho
OO
CD
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Foundr jes
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
3
51
1
14
6
1
53
8
2
13
28
12
19
21
102
12
94
9
Number
of
detections
3
1
0
5
4
1
7
1
1
0
0
NA
5
0
23
1
10
9
Detected concentrations. ua/L
Minimum
10
3.0
12
<10
NA
<5.0
ND
1.0
32
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional informat
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
Maximum
27
3.0
25
3,100
1,800
140
88
110
NA
480
1,400
6.5
66
17,000
ion.
Mean
17
10
860
<33
4.6
<120
86
21
4,500
and analysis program data.
on the number of
samples, not detect
ions.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR PENTACHLOROPHENOL
Number of data points
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale
i — i
00
Ul
I
Ln
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-combined precipitants
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotat ion
Sed imentat ion
Ultraf i Itration
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Trickl ing F i 1 ters
2 1
2
1
2 4
4
3
1
1 17
2
1
Range of
Range of effluent
removal, % cone.. uq/L
59 - 98* BDL - 49
99 <10 - 100
NM BDL
>99 - >99 ND - 12
19 8.0 - 30
55 - >99 ND - 24
NM <5.0
67 - >99 ND - 3,100
>99 ND - ND
NM 3.0
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I I .3. 1 .1
I I I .3.1.3
I I I. 3. 1.5
I I 1.3.1.9
I I I .3. 1 . 10
I I I .3. 1 . 18
I 1 I .3.1 .21
I I 1.3.2.1
I I 1.3.2.2
1 1 1 .3.2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to pentachlorophenol.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for pentachlorophenol indicate thatiacute and chronic
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 55 and
3.2 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species
that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for pentachlorophenol indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 53 and
34 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species
that are more sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
For comparison purposes, two approaches were used to derive criterion
levels for pentachlorophenol. Based on available toxicity data, for the
protection of public health, the derived level is 1.01 mg/L. Using avail-
able organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality
of ambient water, the estimated level is 30 yg/L. It should be recognized that
organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criterion have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse
human health effects.
Date: 9/25/81 1.8.5-6
-------
Compound; 2-Nitrophenol
Formula: OH
NO2
Alternate Names; o-Nitrophenol;
2-Hydroxy-nitrobenzene
CAS tt; 88-75-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-21, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 139.11
melting point, °C: 45.3
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 216
vapor pressure (49.3°C), torr: 1.0
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 2,100
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.76
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 1.44 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.8.6-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Slow photolysis is very probable fate
oxidation: Oxidation by hydroxyl radical attack; no rate available
hydrolysis: Slight potential for hydrolysis after adsorption by clay materials
volatilization: Volatilization occurs, but is not important
sorption: Adsorbed to a moderate degree by clay minerals
biological processes: No bioaccumulation; resistant to biodegradation under
natural conditions and inhibits microbial growth at
higher concentrations,- may degrade in acclimated sewage
systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.6-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 2-Nitrophenoi (i-s):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
3.0
101
0.26
0.99
5.5
99
0.34
0.97
9.0
85
0.39
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
20
0.01
47
4.3
0.001
100
10
1.0
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.5
10,000
o
CO
o
E
-2*
O
LiJ
CO
Q£
O
I/I
Q
<
CT>
1,000
10
0.01 0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 278.6 nm
Date: 10/8/82
1.8.6-2
-------
CJ
»>
n-
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2-NITROPHENOL
00
00
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Text! le Mills (b) (e)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Mean calculated using medians..
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
of
of
samples detections
2
1*6
6
28
53
11*
7
1
33
11
21
1
68
ion 1.1
0
1
2
16
12
9
2
1
0
NA
1
1
1
Introduction for add
Detected concentrations, u
Minimum Maximum
17
60 70,000 35,
6 100
<10 330
ND 320
5 32
11*
NA NA 1 ,
1,1*00
<1 0
60
itional information.
•q/L
Mean
000
<22
-------
a
(o
rt
i— «
NJ
.e-
00
M
00
1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2-N 1 TROPHENOL
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Text! le Mi 1 Is (b) (c)
Number
of
samp les
2
51
1
53
1
28
12
21
1
63
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
1
5
1
0
NA
0
1
1
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
21
<10 UO
10
NA NA
<5.0
U.O
uq/L
Mean
<20
130
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
u
BJ
rt
CD
i — •
N3
00
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 2-N 1 TROPHENOL
Range of
Number of data points Range of effluent
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone.. wq/L
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular 1 NM 3.0
Sedimentation 1 >99 ND
M Ultraf i 1 tration 1 >99 21
?° Activated Sludge 3 >99 - >99 ND - BDL
I
In
Volume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1 .3.1.1
1 1 1 .3.1.18
1 1 1 .3.1.21
1 1 1 .3.2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to nitrophenols.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for nitrophenols indicate that acute toxicity to fresh-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 230 yg/L and would occur
at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of nitrophenols
to sensitive freshwater aquatic life but toxicity to one species of algae
occurs at concentrations as low as 150 yg/L.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for nitrophenols indicate that acute toxicity to salt-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 4,850 yg/L and would occur
at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of nitrophenols to
sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of 2,4-
dinitro-o-cresol ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 13.4 yg/L.
For the protection of .human health from the toxic properties of 2,4-
dinitro-o-cresol ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 765 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of
dinitrophenol ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 70 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of
dinitrophenol ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 14.3 mg/L.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for mononitrophenol.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived at
this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for tri-nitrophenol.
Date: 9/25/81 1.8.6-6
-------
Compound: 4-Nitrophenol
Formula:
NO2
Alternate Names: p-Nitrophenol;
4-Hydroxynitrobenzene
CAS tt; 100-07-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-12, 1-14]:
molecular weight: 139.1
melting point, °C: 115(sublimes)
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 279 (decomposes)
vapor pressure (146°C), torr: 2.2
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 16,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.91
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.8.6-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Photolysis is slow, but might be the only degradative process
which occurs
oxidation: Attack by hydroxyl radicals at C-2 and C-4 positions occurs, but
no rate is available
hydrolysis: Slight possibility of hydrolysis to 1,4-benzoquinone after
sorption by clay minerals
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Slight potential for irreversible sorption by clay minerals
biological processes: No bioaccumulation; slowly degraded under natural
conditions and inhibits microbial growth at higher
concentrations; may degrade in acclimated sewage
systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.7-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 4-Nitrophenoi (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coel. r
PH
3.0
80.2
0.17
0.86
5.4
76.2
0.25
0.92
9.0
71.2
0.28
0.93
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
21
0.01
41
3.7
0.001
74
7.3
0.7
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.4
o
CO
Q£.
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 4-NITROPHENOL
ro
** Raw wastewater
oo
M
O3
-vl
1
U)
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Electrica 1 /Electronic. Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mir>ing and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)-
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( e )
Number
of
sarno les
46
2
19
28
53
12
7
1
33
14
21
68
Number
of
detections
0
2
1
3
7
7
1 .
1
0
NA
3
3
Detected concentrat
Minimum Maximum
7 31
18
<10 180
<10 1,600
ND 20
57
10
NA NA
20 5,800
65 240
ions, uq/L
Mean
19
<78
<250
4,0
860
2,400
140
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screenjng and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
03
rt
ro
CD
OJ
M
00
1
•P-
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
51
3
53
1
28
1U
21
OF U-NITROPHENOL
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrat ions^
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
5 6.0 20
1 10
0
NA NA NA
1 <10
Mean
<11
190
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
fa
00
OJ
00
-vl
I
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 4-NITROPHENOL
Treatment process
Ul traf i It rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Pilot scale Full scale removal, % cone.. uq/L number
1 NM 18 II 1.3.1.21
3 66 - >99 ND - 570 I I 1.3.2.1
I I i:3.2.2
1 >23 <10
ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.8.7-6
-------
Compound ; 2,4-Dinitrophenol
Formula :
N02
Alternate Names; Aldifen;
2,4-DNP
CAS tt; 51-28-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-12, 1-14]:
molecular weight: 184.1
melting point, °C: 114
boiling point (760 torr),' °C: Sublimes
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (18°C), mg/L: 5,600
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.53
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.8.6-5
Probable Fate [1-7] .-
photolysis: Degradation by slow photolysis may be principal fate
oxidation: Oxidation by hydroxy radicals could occur, but no environmental
rate is available
hydrolysis: Slight possibility for hydrolysis after adsorption by clay
minerals
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Slight potential for sorption by clay minerals
biological processes: No bioaccumulation; uncertain amount of biodegradation
under natural conditions
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.8-1
-------
Carbon AdSOrption Data, 2,4-Dinitrophenol (l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef.r
pH
3.0
160
0.37
0.99
7.0
33
0.61
0.89
9.0
41
0.25
0.87
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
110
0.01
500
45
0.001
2.100
200
18
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
10,000
CARBON
o
o
o
j ADSORBED/gm
o
o
"*•*
X
10
-
**"
>
\
f
*
—
. '
— '
«*•
'
.— -
S
**
**•
s
"'*
** *"
''
I ^^
,*tc-?r
^
^
,4-
i
-*
<*m
**~
{
A
~"i
\
t - s
= i *
• = -^-
1
\^
• i
i|e=^-
• pH = 3.0
• pH = 7.0
A pH = 9.0
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 260 nm
Date: 10/8/82
1.8.8-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
oo
oo
i
U)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
2.U-DINITROPHENOL
Raw wastewater
1 industry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (c)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samp les
46
1
53
5
7
33
7
21
Number
of
detections
0
1
12
U
0
0
NA
3
Detected concentrat
Minimum Maximum
23
6.0 900
ND 10,000
NA NA
110 11,000
ions, uq/L
Mean
<100
2,500
760
U,600
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
0
to
rt
(D
N3
.£>
00
U)
00
•
oo
i
.£>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2,U-DINITROPHENOL
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samo les
51
6
53
28
7
21
Number
of
detect ions
1
1
6
0
NA
0
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
3.0
37
U.O 21
NA NA
Mean
<11
U5
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
rr
fl>
oo
u>
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 2,4-01NITROPHENOL
M
CO
oo
U1
Treatment process
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-unspeci f ied
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal, %
1 >99
1 NM
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
NO
1*7
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.1
1
1.3
.21
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.8.8-6
-------
Compound; Resorcinol
Formulas OH
Alternate Names.- m-Hydroxyphenol; 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene;
1,3-Benzenediol; Resorcin
CAS tt; 108-46-3
Phy sica1, Chemica1, and Biological Properties fl-6, 1-12, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 110.1
melting point, °C: 276-280
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 281 (volatilizes at lower temp.)
vapor pressure (138°C), torr: 5
solubility in water (30°C), mg/L: 2,290,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.22 x 10"10 atmos. ra3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: 90% resorcinol removal (measured as COD removal) obtained
at 20°C in activated sludge at a rate of 58 mg COD/g dry
inoculum/hr
water quality criteria,- Not included
Probable^ gate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes-.
other reactions/interactions:
Date; 12/22/82 1.8.9-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Resorcinoi (i-8, 1-16):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
Not reported
31
0.41
0.97
'
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
75
0.01
210
19
0.001
550
54
5.0
IJUUU
CARBON
o
o
g ADSORBED/gnr
o
E
S
X
10
"
•
-.•'-^
S
-
^
" '
ji
i
^
^
r
m pH not
reported
1.0
10 100 1,000
RESIDUAL CONG. CCf), mg/L
10,000
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Not reported.
Date: 1/24/83
1.8.9-2
-------
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF RESORCINOL
Industry
Number
of
samples
Raw wastewater
Number
of
detect ions
Detected concentrations.
Min imum Maximum
Mean
Foundries
53
0
oo
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
u
to
tt
ro
N5
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF RESORCINOL
Treated wastewater
Number Number
of of Detected concentrations. ug/L
Industry samp les detect ions Min imum Maximum Mean
h~i
oo Foundries 53 0
VQ
I
•*" See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound; 2,4-Dimethylphenol
Formula: QH
CH3
CH3
Alternate Names; 2,4-Xylenol;
1-Hydroxy-2,4-dime thylbenzene
CAS tt; 105-67-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-12, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 122.2
melting point, °C: 24.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 211
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: ~ 1,000 (estimated)
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.50
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.52 x 10"6 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.8.10-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Photooxidation definitely occurs, but rate and importance are
unknown
oxidation: Metal-catalyzed oxidation may occur in aerated surface waters
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Slight potential for adsorption onto organic materials
biological processes: Available data are conflicting and inconclusive, but
biodegradation can occur
other reactions/interactions: Chlorine present in H20 could chlorinate the
compound
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.10-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 2,4-Dimethylphenol (l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
3.0
78
0.44
0.93
5.8
70
0.44
0.92
9.0
108
0.33
0.93
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
36
0.01
110
9.8
0.001
300
30
2.7
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.8
O
eo
O
E
-5*
o
LU
CO
O£.
O
to
O
u, uuu
1 000
100
10
0
^*
.^
*
,.•
01
• T_
_—^^
. -A*
• '^^
'
^^~
jS
^
^
*
M
X"
•^
»
^ »
0.1
._^j
! ; "^ —
^
^-**
5
T
1.0
.
•"
•i
U-$^i
1 11 1
-------
{B
rt
fl>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL
oo
oo
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Me ta 1 Finishing ( b ) ( g )
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Text i 1 e. M i 1 1 s { b ) ( f )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 pg/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
Number
of
samples
19
46
18
18
19
13
H
53
16
17
1
2
32
16
21
1
68
Number
of
detect ions
4
3
10
2
2
0
0
21
11
8
1
1
1
NA
8
1
3
ion 1.1 Introduction for add
Detected concentrations. ug/L
Mini mum
2.0
18
1
<10
<0.3
5.0
ND
1.0
10
ND
NA
71
2.0
itional informat
Maximum
460
24
84,000 <12
<10
19
12,000
31,000 2
170
14
140
NA 5
18,000 >4
58,000
190
ion.
Mean
130
21
,000
<10
<9.6
<680
,800
260
7.0
,000
,000
65
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
CD
rt
ro
t-O
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2, 4-DIMETHYLPHENOL
** Treated wastewater
oo
U>
M
oo
£_,
o
i
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Co i 1 Coating
Foundries
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Text! le Mills (b) (c)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
3
51
16
3
53
1
2
28
17
21
1
62
5
Number
of
detections
1
0
6
1
18
1
0
1
NA
1
1
3
5
Detected concentrations^
Minimum Maximum
29
4.0 160
11
2.0 490
10
270
NA NA
<10
15,000
1.0 9.0
5.0 140
uq/L
Mean
<36
<72
12
6.0
35
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 for introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
to
It
h— *
SJ
-p-
00
U)
00
o
1
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu la r
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
- 1 i me
F i 1 1 rat ion
F lotat ion
Sed imentat ion
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNAT
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
2
1
1
1 1
2
1
1
1 5
IVE FOR 2,U-DIMETHYLPHENOL
Range of
Range of effluent
removal. % cone.. uq/L
NM BDL - 0.9
88* BDL
48 11
NM BDL - 29
>99 ND - 28
>99 ND
>99 ND
>99 ND - 9.0
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I I .3.1.1
1 1 1 .3.1.3
1 1 1 .3.1.9
1 1 1 .3.1 .10
I 1 1.3.1.18
I I I . 3 . 1 . 20
1 1 1.3.2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to 2,4-dimethylphenol.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for 2,4-dimethylphenol indicate that acute toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 2,120 yg/L,
and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive
than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of
dimethylphenol to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with 2,4-dimethylphenol and
no statement can be made concerning acute and chronic toxicity.
Human Health
Sufficient data are not available for 2,4-dimethylphenol to derive a
level which would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound.
Using available organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and
odor quality of ambient water, the estimated level is 400 yg/L. It should be
recognized that organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality
criteria have limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential
adverse human health effects.-
Date: 9/25/81 1.8.10-6
-------
Compound-. Total phenols
Formula; Derivatives of phenol
OH
Al temate Names; Hydroxybenzenes;
Phenoyl hydronides
CAS tt: "See sections on individual phenols
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties:
See sections on individual phenols.
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Photooxidation is important only for phenol, pentachlorophenol,
nitrophenols, and possibly alkyl phenols
oxidation: Can occur, but probably cannot compete with biodegradation
hydrolysis: Probably not important for any phenols
volatilization: Phenols are volatilized very little
sorption: Important for highly chlorinated phenols and possibly for
nitrophenols
biological processes: Biodegradation is very important for chlorophenols,
but not for nitrophenols
other reactions/interactions: Chlorination by chlorine present in H20
Carbon Adsorption Data.-
See sections on individual phenols.
Date! 10/8/82 1.8.11-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.8.11-2
-------
a
rt
fD
i—1
to
•P-
oo
OJ
M
oo
t
LO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TOTAL PHENOLS
Raw wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Battery Manufacturing (d) (e)
Co i 1 Coat ing
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f)
Steam Electric Power Plants (c)
Number
of
samples
37
18
64
78
53
36
35
36
10
Number
of
detect ions
37
18
48
57
0
35
32
36
4
Detected
Min imum
<1.0
180
ND
0.48
ND
0.39
0.1
6.0
concentrat ions,
Maximum
1,500
9,500
250
270
49,000
290
20,000
38
, t-iq/L
Mean
<220
3,300
36
47
2,400
21
860
16
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Detections may include values less than 5 M9/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are flow weighted
averages.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
0
(0
rt
tt>
i—1
ro
.p-
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
OF TOTAL
PHENOLS
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coating (c)
Foundries
Porcela in Enamel ing
O3 Gum and Wood Chemicals
^ Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d)
-> Steam Electric Power Plants (b)
Number
of
samples
11
4
18
53
18
5
30
12
Number
of
detect ions
11
4
17
0
17
5
30
8
Detected
Mini mum
<1.0
0.01
0.0
3.0
29
3.0
6.0
concentrations.
Ma x i mum
1,000
0.01
33
82
47,000 11
25,000 <1
to
Mean
<310
0.01
10
28
,000
,200
18
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(c) Reference reports 0.0 ng/L for detections less than detection limit 10 ng/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
rt
rt
i — '
l-o
OO
OJ
M
00
1 — '
1— •
1
Ul
POLLUTANT REMOVABI L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR TOTAL PHENOLS
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
-powdered
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-unspec i f led
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotation
0 i 1 Sepa ra t i on
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
-non-aerated
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
11 2
4
2
1 7
5
1 4
2
2
1
1
2 3
12 10
10
4
6
2 30
27
5
2
Range
remova
0 -
99 -
50 -
25 -
23 -
0 -
NM
90
58
33
0 -
0 -
3 -
0 -
5 -
0 -
1 1 -
33 -
40
of
>90
>99
99
56
92
>99
26
67
>94
43
81
>99
>99
>99
Range of Vo lume 1 1 1
effluent section
cone.. uq/L number
BDL -
<10 -
10 -
28 -
12 -
ND -
5.0 -
20 -
300
20
13 -
1.0 -
<1.0 -
20 -
<1.0 -
5 -
7.0 -
• 3.0 -
30 -
580
58
130
2.2 x 10E5
1,300
330
80
66
340
64,000
23,000
1,600
20
2.6 x 10E5
280
29,000
50
I I 1.3.1.1
I I I .3.1.2
I I I .3.1.3
I I I .3.1.3
I I I. 3. 1.5
I 1 1.3.1.9
I I I .3. 1. 10
I I 1.3.1.14
I I I .3.1.16
I I 1.3.1.18
I I I .3.2.1
I I I .3.2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.8.11-6
-------
Compound: p-Chloro-m-cresol
Formula:
CH3
Alternate Names: 4-Chloro-m-cresol;
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol;
2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene
CAS ft; 59-50-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
molecular weight: 142
melting point, °C: 66
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 235
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 3,850
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.95
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable _Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Based on data for 4-chlorophenol, intramolecular photolysis
may be a very important fate
oxidation: Can occur, but probably cannot compete with biodegradation
hydrolysis: Resistant to aqueous hydrolysis
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Data inconclusive, but potential for adsorption by organic
particulates exists
biological processes: No data on bioaccumulation but is likely to occur;
biodegradation data not applicable to environment;
compound readily biodegraded in acclimated aerobic
sewage systems; resistant to anaerobic biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Can be chlorinated further by chlorine present
in H20
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.12-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, p-chioro-m-cresoi (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
3.0
122
0.29
0.90
5.5
124
0.16
0.87
9.0
99
0.42
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
17
1.6
0.001
25
2.5
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.5
O
00
GC
<
O
CD
Q
111
CD
DC
O
CO
Q
<
CD
E
J,UUU
1,000
100
10
c
**
::-—- —
. . ^^
'
t . -^
^s.
~*
i—
"•
r-^
1.01 0.1 1.0
^J
• pH
• pH
ApH
*De
•or
£
•
— 3
= 5
=9
iigr
PH
»
i*
\
- - *
4*
• ••fsf
• •% —
i
^*
^^
f
.0
.5
.0
iates results that are simila
1 ol 3.0, 7.0. and 9.0
r
10 100
RESIDUAL CONG. CC^), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet spectroscopy 225.9 nm
Date: 1/24/83 1.8.12-2
-------
o
p
rt
(D
*•
(-•
NJ
INDUSTRIAL
OCCURRENCE OF P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL
*" Raw wastewater
oo
U)
M
oo
i—"
NJ
1
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Texti le Mills (b) (d)
Number
of
samples
13
H6
5
2
53
17
17
32
6
21
1
76
Number
of
detect ions
1
0
2
1
13
13
5
0
NA
0
1
3
Detected
Mini mum
7.0
<10
ND
0.22
NA
5.0
concentrations
Maximum
<10
4,300
28
280
8.0 X 10E5
11
NA
2.9
29
. uq/L
Mean
2,200
<69
46,000
3.1
0.01
14
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF P-CHLORO-M-CRESOL
Treated wastewater
M
CO
ro
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Text Me Mills ( b ) ( d )
Number
of
samples
51
5
1
53
8
28
II
21
9U
Number
of
detections
0
2
0
1
0
0
NA
2
7
Detected concent ra t ionSj
Minimum Maximum
<3.0 6U
<10 63
NA NA
<10 10
1.0 32
Mean
<3U
<36
0.01
<10
8.0
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
$£>
rt
(0
OS
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR P-CHLORO-M CRESOL
00
1— •
ho
1
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipi tat ion with Sedimentation
-a lum
F i 1 1 ra t i on
Sed imentat ion
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal, %
2 92*
1 HH
3 NM
1 NM
1 >99
4 >99 - >99
Range of Vo lume 1 1
effluent section
cone. . uq/L number
1 1 1.3.
BDL - BDL
1 1 1 .3.
62
BDL - 1.1 II 1.3.
10 I I 1.3.1
ND I I I .3.1
ND - 1.6 1 1 1.3.
I
1.1
1.3
1.9
.18
.20
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.8,12-6
-------
Compound; 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol
Formula; OH
02*1
NOa
Alternate Names; DNOC; 2,4-Dinitro-6-methyl-phenol
CAS tt: 534-52-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-8]:
molecular weight: 198.1
melting point, °C: 85.8
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 250
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.85
Henry's law constant: 1.4 x 10"6 atiiios. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Gradual photooxidation should occur, but relative importance
uncertain
oxidation: Hydroxyl radicals may displace nitro groups
hydrolysis: Hydrolysis may occur after adsorption by clay minerals
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Adsorption by clay should be an important transport process
biological processes: Toxicity rules out bioaccumulatiort; biodegradation
occurs in soil, possibly in water
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 10/8/82 1.8.13-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresoi (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
3.0
237
0.32
0.97
5.2
169
0.35
0.98
9.0
42.7
0.90
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- rng/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
28
2.7
0.001
63
6.2
0.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5 .2
o
CO
02
<
O
E
•51
o
UJ
CO
02
O
in
o
u, uuu
1,000
100
10
0.1
^-*"
^f
^
~
,
? '
.^
-*•"""
•••
*--
**
/
t *
-r
<•
'
)1 0.1
.f-"*
""'
1 ' — 7^
/
, '
'
^^^
^-j
-f-i
f
^*
^
^
/'
k
^ ^ •*
, -
•jr
, M ,
A^
^-JW
'• ij«^
•;?•
A
.X"
^^^~
^^
^
• pH = 3.0
• pH = 5.2
A pH=9.0
* Designates results that are similar
(or pH ot 3.0, 5.2. and 9.0
1.0 10 1(
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD' Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 271 nm
Date: 1/24/83
1.8.13-2
-------
o
to
it
(t
I—1
ro
*-
00
U>
M
00
] — •
u>
1
Co
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 4, 6-DI N 1 TRO-0-CRESOL
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 Mi n ing ( b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Number
of
samples
U6
8
1
53
*t
7
33
3
21
Number
of
detect ions
1
3
1
11
3
0
0
NA
1
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
190
U*t 970
24
<10 70
NO 5,700
NA NA
60
»9lL_
Mean
650
<28
1,900
0.01
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(0
rt
• »
i— '
SJ
£-
oo
u>
HH
*
oo
t— i
I
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
sarno les
51
9
6
53
28
3
21
OF U,6-DINITRO-0-CRESOL
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
1 3.0
2 <5.0 <10
0
10 7.0 88
0
NA NA NA
0
Mean
<7.5
<2U
0.01
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
C3
(B
rt
(D
JS-
os
00
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR H,6-DINITRO-0-CRESOL
Treatment process
Sedimentation
Solvent Extraction
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
2
1
Range of
remova 1 , %
>99
>99
Range of
effluent
cone., ug/L
ND - BDL
ND
Vo 1 uroe 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1,3.1.18
t I 1.3.1.20
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected.
Ul
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.8.13-6
-------
Compound; Cresol
Formula:
Alterna_te^_Names; Cresylic acid; Cresyol;
Tricresol,- Methylphenol;
Hydroxytoluene
CAS tt; 1319-77-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-12, 1-13, 1-28] :
molecular weight: 108.1
melting point, °C: 10.9-35.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 185-205
vapor pressure (38-53°C), torr: 1
solubility in water (40°C), mg/L: 24,000-31,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.4 K 10~6 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: 96% cresol removal (measured as COD removal) obtained at
20°C in activated sludge at a rate of 55 mg COD/g dry
inoculum/hr
water quality criteria; Not included
ProbableFate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidations
hydrolysis:
volatilization;
sorptions
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 12/22/82 1.8.14-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data,
ADSORBABILITY
Cresol (1-8, 1-16):
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
Not reported
49.5
0.22
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
30
0.01
0.55
5.0
0.001
92
9.1
0.8
1
z
0
CO
cc
<
0 100
X/M, mg ADSORBED/gm
_i
b o
_**H
' I
i
p,*-*
. •• '
f
***~
•••••
^
•r"
t.^-1
0 *
1
'
i
• p-Cresol, pH not reported
• o-Cresol, pH not reported
0.1
1.0
10
100
1.000
RESIDUAL CONG. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Not specified
Date: 1/24/83
1.8.14-2
-------
N3
00
CO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CRESOL
Raw wastewater
J,
Number Number
of of Detected concentrations. ug/L
Industry samp les detections Min imum Maximum Mean
Foundries 53 0
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
01
rt
n>
NJ
-e-
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CRESOL
Treated wastewater
oo
Number Number
of of Detected concentrations. uq/L
Industry samp les detections Minimum Maximum Mean
Foundries 53 0
"f" See Section 1.1 Introduction for additiona I information.
*-
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
P
rt
(0
CO
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CRESOL
CO
I
Ul
Treatment process
Solvent Extraction
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
9
Range of
remova 1 . %
83 - >99
Range of Vo lume 1 1
effluent section
cone.. uq/L number
2.3 -
3.3 x 10E5
1 1
1.3.1
1
.20
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1,8.14-6
-------
Compound; Benzene
Formula:
Alternate Names; Benzol;
Cyclohexatriene
CAS tt; 71-43-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 78.12
melting point, °C: 5.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 80.1
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 95.2
solubility in water (25°C),. mg/L: 1,780-1,800
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.13
Henry's law constant (25°C): 5.55 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.1-5
Probable Fate [1-7]-.
photolysis: Photooxidation of volatilized benzene is the only form of
photolysis which occurs
oxidation: No aqueous oxidation occurs, but volatilized benzene is
photooxidized at a rapid rate
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Rapid volatilization (half-life =4.81 hr) is the primary
transport process for benzene
sorption: Information lacking; some sorption potential on organic materials
biological processes-. Low potential for bioaccumulation; metabolized to
catechols by many organisms; biodegraded at a slow rate
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.. 1-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Benzene (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
5.3
1.0
1.6
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
35,000
0.01
>100,000
>100,000
0.001
>100,000
>100,000
>100,000
CaD Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
l.UUU
CARBON
0
0
g ADSORBED/grr
o
E
5
X
1.0
0
1
t
/
/
I
f
^
1
1.0
,
T~~
/
Jm
1 '
t
10
""•
• pH = 5.3
100 1
,0
01
RESIDUAL CONG. (C J, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 245.6 nm.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.1-2
-------
O
it
|t>
i—*
N3
00
LO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZENE
Raw wastewater
1 industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Texti le Mills (b) (g)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, • not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
samp les
19
HI
1
12
18
32
28
53
34
HI
3
6
95
33
63
30
16
139
H
2
11
78
5
Number
of
detect ions
14
13
1
10
13
20
7
20
28
25
3
6
10
10
NA
23
12
31
4
2
3
22
5
ion 1.1 Introduction for add
Detected
Mi n imum
<0.2
2.0
7.0
5.0
<0.3
<1.0
7.0
ND
0.03
120
10
ND
NA
NA
<28
12
ND
<10
0.1
1.2
1.0
3.0
concentrat ions.
Max imum
23,000 <3
73
0.4
46,000 <12
150
2,100
<10
150
110
2,100
110
10,000 1
160
10
NA 22
9,900 <1
2,400
150
3,300
0.7
<10
200
2,800 1
na/k_
Mean
,200
24
,000
22
<110
<8.7
<26
7.5
190
130
,700
12
4.9
,000
,600
<470
3.6
<850
0.4
<4.5
30
,100
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
G
ti-
ro
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZENE
oo
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
Number
of
samples
2
51
17
6
22
53
13
U
U
(h) 81
28
42
19
16
130
U
12
96
5
Number
of
detect
2
21
14
U
18
19
9
U
U
8
3
NA
13
8
26
U
3
15
5
See Section 1.1 Introduction
t
Detected concentrations, nq/L
ions Minimum
5.0
ND
5.0
<10
<0.3
<10
0.05
120
3.0
ND
NA
NA
<10
<1.0
ND
<0.1
2.0
1.0
3.0
Maximum
200
16
1.2 x 10E5
<10
40
850
21
UUO
10
59
11
NA
3,800
12
96
<110
<10
64
33
Mean
100
t.O
<9,500
<10
<5.6
<59
3.U
240
8.2
U.O
8.3
26
<680
<7.8
1.U
<30
10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
based on the number of
samples,
not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
G
to
rf
rt>
i— '
NJ
00
OJ
1 — 1
1 — »
1
On
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium hydroxide
-unspeci f fed
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and F 1 occu 1 at ion
Fi It rat ion
Flotat ion
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Solvent Extraction
ul traf i It rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data epints
Pilot scale Full scale
3 1
1
3
4
2
1
1
1
1
2
4 4
4
2
2
5
6 1
1
1 9
5
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
remova I . %
64 - 90
80*
>99
50 - >99
>99
>99
35
NM
>99
29 - >99
33
NM
50 - 80
>33 - 56
58 - 97
>99
75 - >99
0 - >95
BENZENE
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL - 210
BDL
ND - 310
46 - 3,800
ND - 1.0
2.0
720
BDL
1.0*
ND - BDL
ND - 200
5.0 - 200
ND - BDL
0.4 - 1.0
BDL - 96
2,400 - 12,000
ND
ND - 64
<5.0 - 120
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
II 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3. 1
1 1 1 .3.1
I 1 1 .3. 1
I I I .3.1
I I I. 3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1
1.1
1 .2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.16
.18
.20
.21
2.1
2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to benzene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for benzene indicate that acute toxicity to freshwater
aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 5,300 yg/L and would occur at
lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of benzene to sensitive
freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for benzene indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater
aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 5,100 yg/L and would occur at
lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No definitive data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of benzene to
sensitive saltwater aquatic life, but adverse effects occur at concentrations
as low as 700 yg/L with a fish species exposed for 168 days.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of benzene through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10"5, 10'6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 6.6 yg/L, 0.66 yg/L, and 0.066 yg/L, respec-
tively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms
only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 400 yg/L, 40.0 yg/L, and
4.0 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk
levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is
presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment
on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date; 12/22/82 1.9.1-6
-------
Compound; Chlorobenzene
Formula;
Alternate Names; Monochlorobenzene;
Benzene chloride;
CAS ft; 108-90-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 112.6
melting point, °C: -45
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 132
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Conflicting data reported
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 488
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.84
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 3.93 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.7-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Information not available
oxidation: No data on aqueous oxidation
hydrolysis: Unlikely to occur under environmental conditions
volatilization: Volatilization is the main transport process
sorption: Chlorobenzene is presumably sorbed by organic particulate materials
biological processes: High potential for bioaccumulation and magnification;
biodegradation very slow under environmental conditions,
may be biodegraded in acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: There is a low probability of further chlorinat-
ing Chlorobenzene by reaction with chlorine-
containing water
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, chiorobenzene
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
7.4
91
0.99
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON. Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
92
0.01
970
88
0.001
9,400
930
84
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 7.4
IU.UUU
O
m
DC
0 1,000
g ADSORBED/gm
o
0
E
2
X
10
OJ
31
'
S
*
0.1
/
ft
1
•
f
>
'
• -5
•PH=7-'
1JO 10
ia
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet spectroscopy 209 nm
Date: 1/24/83
; 9,2-2
-------
G
to
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHLOROBENZENE
00
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d) (h)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Texti le Mills (b) (f )
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
3
46
18
28
53
6
18
2
68
33
19
1
6
2
73
Number
of
detections
2
1
1
3
3
4
4
2
0
0
NA
1
3
2
16
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for add
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >1Q u.g/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Reference reports 0.0 iig/L for detections
than detection limit 10 (ig/L.'
less
Detected
Minimum
<0.2
<10
<10
ND
0.0
100
ND
NA
ND
0.6
1.0
concentrations
Maximum
12
12
10
<10
250
610
27
1.2 x 10E5
9.0
NA
530
47
22
300
, uq/L
Mean
<6.1
<10
<90
160
5.9
60,000
1.6
4,000
22
11
30
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
(u
IT
(D
I— •
to
oo
OJ
M
VO
1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
OF CHLOROBENZENE
, Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Number
of
samples
1
50
53
8
1
(g) (h) 43
28
16
1
6
69
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
0
0
1
1
1
1 ND
1
NA NA
0
0
5 2.0
concentrations.
Maximum
U60
5.0
10
65
5.0
NA
26
Mean
H
170
8.0
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 Mg/L-
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CHLOROBENZENE
M
VO
hO
i
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Fi It rat ion
Flotat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points Ranqe of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
1 98*
2 1 98
1 NM
1 7 0 - >99
Range of Volume 1 1
effluent section
cone.. uq/L number
1 1 1.3.
BDL
0.1 - 470 1 1 1.3.
57 II 1.3.1
ND - 100 1 1 1.3.
1
1.1
1.9
.10
2.1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.9.2-6
-------
Compound; 1,2-Dichloroben2ene
Formula: ci
Alternate Names; o-Dichlorobenzene;
Orthodichlorobenzene•
Dowtherm E
CAS #; 95-50-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 147.0
melting point, °C: -17.0
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 180
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 1.5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 145
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.38
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.94 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.3-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Probably occurs slowly
oxidation: Resistant to autooxidation by peroxy radical in water
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Relatively rapid volatilization occurs
sorption: Significant amount of adsorption by organic materials should occur
in environment
biological processes: Bioaccumulated more than chlorobenzene,- sufficiently
resistant to biodegradation to make volatilization
more important
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,2-Dichlorobenzene (1-8):
ADSOR8ABIL1TY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
5.5
129
0.43
0.92
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1,0
0.1
0.01
0.1
19
0.01
57
5.2
0.001
160
15
1.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.5
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
"o i
o o c
o o c
E
2
"«.
X
10
0,(
m^
§ *""
"y
-------
Date: 1/24/83
i— i
OJ
I
Co
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1 , 2-DICHLOROBENZENE
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa I Mi n ing ( b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrica I /Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Number
of
samples
2
49
18
28
53
19
32
10
1
21
11
76
Number
of
detect ions
1 •
2
6
14
1
1
0
NA
1
0
1
15
Detected concentrat ions^ |j
Minimum Maximum
<5.0
3.0 18
36 260
8.9 1.9 x 10E5 <14,
<10
24
NA NA 2,
5.3
1 460
Mean
11
120
000
000
85
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(e) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
ft
1/24/83
f-H
VO
V
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Steam Electric Power Plants (d)
Text! le Mills (b) (e)
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
2
53
6
53
1
28
10
21
11
9U
1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
2 18 260
2 3.0 18
2 <10 69
0
0
0
NA NA NA
0
0
18 1.0 20
uq/L
Mean
1UO
11
-------
o
pi
h- '
N5
-F>
00
CO
M
f
CO
1
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 um
Coagulation and Flocculat ion
F i 1 1 ra t i on
Oi 1 Separation
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1 , 2-DICHLOROBENZENE
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
3 99*
1 >99
2 99*
3 1*4-55
1 >99
11* 69 - >99
1 >99
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL - 5.4
ND
BDL - 13
0.5 - 5.8
ND
ND - 69
ND
Vo 1 ume
1 1
1
section
number
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
III.
1 1 1
1 1 1
.3.
.3.
.3.
.3.
3.1
.3.
.3.
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.9
.T*
2. 1
2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to dichlorobenzenes.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for dichlorobenzenes indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 1,120
and 763 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for dichlorobenzenes indicate that acute toxicity to
saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 1,970 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of
dichlorobenzenes to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of dichloro-
benzenes (all isomers) ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms,
the ambient water criterion is determined to be 400 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of dichloro-
benzenes (all isomers) ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone,
the ambient water criterion is determined to be 2.6 mg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.9.3-6
-------
Compound; 1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene
Formula:
Alternate Names: m-Dichlorobenzene;
Metadichlorobenzene
CAS tt; 541-73-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 147.0
melting point, °C: 24.7
boiling point (760 torr), °C.- 173
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 2.28 (calculated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 123
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.38
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.63 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.3-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Probably occurs slowly
oxidation: No data on aqueous oxidation
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Volatilizes at a relatively rapid rate
sorption: Presumably sorbed by organic materials
biological processes: Bioaccumulates more than chlorobenzene; too resistant
to biodegradation to compete with volatilization
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.4-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,3-Dichlorobenzene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
5.1
118
0.45
0.86
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
22
0.01
68
6.2
0.001
200
19
1.8
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.1
IU.UUU
CARBON
b
8
g ADSORBED/gm
o
o
E
2
^.
X
m
^^.
^"""
\
1 1
1
m^
i
^
i
^
i
i i
,,. •
^s^
. • *~ m
^-
^~
**
• pH = 5.1
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
RESIDUAL CONC. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 214 nm.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.4-2
-------
o
0>
p^.
n>
1/24/83
M
VO
£
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a) (g)
Coa 1 Mi n ing ( b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Found r ies
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samp Ies
2
49
18
28
53
7
32
3
11
68
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
Raw wastewater
Number
of * Detected
detections Minimum
1
0
1
10 2.7
1
1
0
NA NA
1
4 10
concentrations, |jq/L
Maximum Mean
1,100
<10
15,000 <1,500
<10
3.7
NA 0.01
2.4
1,700 700
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Data reported are for total dichlorobenzenes.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
G
CD
rt
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
NJ
•P-
00
UJ
M
VO
•P-
Industry
Coat Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Steam Electric Power Plants (c)
Text He Mills ( b ) ( d )
Number
of
samples
53
6
53
28
3
12
63
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
0
NA
1
2
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
NA NA 0.01
2.4
13 33 23
NA, not available; See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Verification data plus surveillance and analysis program data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(a
rt
ro
t— •
to
CO
u>
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1 , 3-DICHLOROBENZENE
Range of
Number of data points Ranqe of effluent
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone.. uq/L
Coagulation and Flocculation 1 >99 ND
Oil Separation 1 >99 ND
Activated Sludge 1 NM BDL
M
Vo 1 urne 1 1 1
sect ion
number
I I 1.3.1.
I I 1.3.1.1
I II. 3. 2.
5
U
1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
•F-
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.4-6
-------
Compound: 1,4-Dichlorobenzene
Formula:
Alternate Names: p-Dichlorobenzene;
Paradichlorobenzene;
Paramoth
CAS ft; 106-46-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 147.0
melting point, °C: 53.1
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 174 (Sublimes at ordinary temperatures)
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 1.18 (calculated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 79
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.39
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.88 x 10'3 atmos. m3 mole"3 (calculated)
biodegradability: T-significant degradation in initial culture but
decreasing in subsequent subculture indicating
possible toxicity.
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.3-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Probably occurs slowly
oxidation: Resistant to autooxidation by peroxy radical in water
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Volatilizes at a relatively rapid rate
sorption: Data not available but physical parameters suggest substantial
sorption on suspended solids
biological processes: Bioaccumulates more than chlorobenzene; too resistant
to biodegradation to compete with volatilization
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.5-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (1-8);
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.1
121
0.47
0.94
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
22
0.01
73
6.6
0.001
220
22
2.0
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.1
lU.UUU
CARBON
"o
o
o
g ADSORBED/gm
o
o
E
2
^
X
10
0.
31
mrn^.
X""
f^
£
*
0.1
^^"\
•'^'
*i
*
tS
0
1.0
• PH= 5,1
10 10C
RESIDUAL CONG. (GfD. mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 223 nm.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.5-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
H
VO
Ul
\
bJ
INDUSTRIAL
OCCURRENCE OF '
I,I4-DICHLOROBENZENE
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text! le Mills (a) (e)
Number
of
samples
49
18
28
53
7
6
32
21
71
Number
of
detect ions
1
8
13
1
2
1
0
0
8
Detected concentrat
Minimum Maximum
3.0
<10 54
1.1 15,000
<10
3.7 5.0
ND 26
1.0 760
ions. uq/L
Mean
<23
<1,200
U.U
43
190
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(to
KJ
00
LO
t— I
Ol
1
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) ( b )
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
53
6
53
7
28
21
66
1,1-DICHLOROBENZENE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations,
detections Minimum Maximum
1 3.0
2 <10 21
0
0
0
0
6 1.0 16
u.q/L
Mean
<16
6.0
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/2A/83
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1 ,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
1-1
VD
Ln
1
Treatment process
F i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
ND, not detected; *approximate value.
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone.. uq/L number
1 37 94 II 1.3.
9 76* - >99 ND - 21 I I 1. 3.
I I I. 3.
1 >99 ND
1
1.9
2. 1
2.2
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1,9.5-6
-------
Compound; 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Formula:
Cl
Cl
Alternate Names; unsym-Trichlorobenzene
CAS ft: 120-82-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-15, 1-17]:
molecular weight: 181.4
melting point, °C: 17.0
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 214
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 0.42 (calculated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L; 30
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.26 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.42 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: T-significant degradation in initial culture but
decreasing in subsequent subculture indicating
possible toxicity
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.7-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Information not available
oxidation: Information not available for aqueous environment
hydrolysis: Information not available for aqueous environment
volatilization: Very rapid volatilization can be hindered by adsorption if
organics are present
sorption: High potential for adsorption by suspended organic materials
biological processes: High potential for bioaccumulation; very little, if any
biodegradation due to volatilization and adsorption
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.6-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,2,4-Trlchlorobenzene (1-8);
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coei.r
PH
5.3
157
0.31
0.84
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
26
2.3
0.001
52
5.2
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cj), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 226.5 nm.
10.000
z
O
CD
tr
0 1,000
g ADSORBED/gm
8
E
2
X
10
• •—£*
J
1
i
i
"^
s*
-"
f
- '
me"^
. s^"
%
1
• pH = 5.3
100
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.6-2
-------
rt
(D
^ INDUSTRIAL
NJ
OCCURRENCE OF '
1 , 2, U-TR I CHLOROBENZENE
•"• Raw wastewater
CO
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
M Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
f Text! le Mills (a) (e)
Number
of
samp les
H9
18
28
53
6
35
33
76
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
10
2
1
2
0
15
Detected concentrat
Minimum Maximum
<10 27,000
7.0 1,000
0.03
ND 260
28 1U,000
ions. uq/L
Mean
1Q ng/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians'.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
S3
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
Treated wastewater
Coal Mining
Foundries
Nonferrous
Ore Mining
Text He Mil
Industry
(a)
Metals Manufacturing (b) (d)
and Dressing (a)
Is (a) (c)
Number
of
samp les
53
53
24
28
92
Number
of
detect ions
0
2
3
0
15
Detected
Min imum
<10
ND
1.0
concentrat ionSj
Maximum
<570
47
1,900
uq/L
Mean
<290
4.4
410
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1,2,
VO
<^
Ui
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a I urn
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i I trat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
1 1 >99
1 91
1 91
2 NM
1 10 H9 - >99
U-TRICHLOROBENZENE
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
ND - 91*
150
150
ND - 84
ND - 920
Vo I ume I I
sect ion
number
I I I. 3.
I I I. 3.
I I I. 3.
I I I .3.
I I I .3.
I
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.9
2.1
ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.6-6
-------
Compound.- Hexachlorobenzene
Formula: cl
,C1
Cl
Alternate Names: Perchlorobenzene;
HCB
CAS ft; 118-74-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 284.8
melting point, °C: 230
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 322
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1.09 x 10~5
solubility in water (25°C), yg/L: 6
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 6.18
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 1.70'x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: T-significant degradation in initial culture but
decreasing in subsequent subculture indicating
possible toxicity
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.7-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Extremely slow under environmental conditions
oxidation: Resistant to oxidation
hydrolysis: Resistant to hydrolysis
volatilization: No specific information but volatilization is likely to be
an important fate
sorption: Strongly sorbed by particulate matter
biological processes: Strongly bioaccumulated by many organisms; extremely
slow biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.7-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Hexachlorobenzene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr, Coef. r
PH
5.3
450
0.60
0.94
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0,01
0.1
8.0
0.01
35
3.2
0.001
140
14
1.3
(a] Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1001
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
— * «*
o o
E
^
X
0.1
s
i
,'
-S
i
S
m
'
_ j .
j - -
S
i
r*
• DH>=5,3
0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
ANAL/TICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
0.01
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.7- 2
-------
o
So
rt
(B
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE
l>^
00
<^>
M
VO
^
1
OJ
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Text! le Mills (b) (e)
Number
of
samp les
U9
7
18
53
7
26
33
6
71
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations. uq/L
detections Minimum Maximum
0
1 160
0
2 <10 <10
1 12
2 ND 5,000
0
NA NA NA
2 1.0 2.0
Mean
<10
220
19
1.5
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 ug/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
03
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEXACHLOROBENZENE
to
oo
l*J
M
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Text ile Mills (b) (d)
Number
of
samp les
53
7
53
26
28
I,
66
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
2
0
NA
3
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
ND 220
NA NA
1.0 1.0
Mean
30
2.5
1.0
°
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
01
S3
-c-
oo
tn-
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR HEXACHLOROBENZENE
Treatment process
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Ful 1 sea le
4
Range of
remova 1 , %
>99 - >99
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
ND - 0.8
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1 .3.2. 1
ND, not detected.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to chlorinated benzenes.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for chlorinated benzenes indicate that acute toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 250 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of the
more toxic of the chlorinated benzenes to sensitive freshwater aquatic life
but toxicity occurs at concentrations as low as 50 yg/L for a fish species ex-
posed for 7.5 days.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for chlorinated benzenes indicate that acute and
chronic toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as
160 and 129 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic
effects due to exposure of hexachlorobenzene through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10~5, 10~6, and 10'7. [A risk of 10~5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding recommended criteria are 7.2 ng/L, 0.72 ng/L, and 0.072
ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 7.4 ng/L, 0.74
ng/L, and 0.074 ng/L, respectively.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of 1,2,4,
5-tetrachlorobenzene ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organ-
isms, the ambient water criterion is determined to be 38 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of 1,2,4,
5-tetrachlorobenzene ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone,
the ambient water criterion is determined to be 48 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of penta-
chlorobenzene ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 74 yg/L.
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.7-6
-------
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of penta-
chlorobenzene ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 85 yg/L.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot'be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for trichloro-
benzene.
For comparison purposes, two approaches were used to derive criterion
levels for monochlorobenzene. Based on available toxicity data, for the pro-
tection of public health, the derived level is 488 yg/L. Using available
organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of
ambient water, the estimated level is 20 yg/L. It should be recognized that
organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human
health effects.
Date: 9/25/81 1.9.7-7
-------
-------
Compound: Ethylbenzene
Formula; CH2CH3
Alternate Names: Phenylethane; Ethylbenzol
CAS ft; 100-41-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 106.2
melting point, °C: -94.9
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 136
mvapor pressure (20°C), torr: 7
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 152
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.15
Henry's law constant (25°C): 6.44 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.8-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Does not occur under environmental conditions
oxidation: Resistant under natural conditions
hydrolysis: Information not available
volatilization: Physical parameters indicate high rates of volatilization
sorption: No specific information, but sorption is a highly likely environ-
mental fate
biological processes: Very little potential for bioaccumulation; specific
information is not available for natural conditions
but biodegradation is likely to be important
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.8-1
-------
Carbon AdSOrption Data, Ethylbenzene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
7.3
53
0.79
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0,1
0.01
0.1
110
0.01
710
65
0.001
4,400
440
40
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 7.3
IU.UUU
2
O
m
(£
0 1.000
g ADSORBED/gm
o
o
E
S
X
10
t
, — — i.
jr
/*
1
„
4
,
/•*'
-I
7
S m
.' •
r-
s
• pH= 7.3
0.01
0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
100
ANALYTICAL METHOD'. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 260 nm.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.8-2
-------
o
CB
rf
-p-
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ETHYLBENZENE
vo
oo
a,
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 M9/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5
of
of
samples detections
17
48
11
18
4
13
28
53
87
24
3
5
74
32
56
27
16
102
4
9
78
5
ion 1.1
H9/L.
9
4
8
12
3
2
11
8
56
7
3
5
3
4
NA
19
8
27
4
0
47
5
Introduction for add
Detected concentrat
Mi nimum
1.5
2.0
<3
<10
15
ND
0.5
<10
ND
0.74
20
10
ND
NA
NA
110
28
ND
<0.1
1.0
37
itional informat
Maximum
18,000
1 1
640
150
40
<10
110
78
5,500
1,100
37,000
42,000
21
18
NA
7,800
810
39,000
8,600
19,000
2,100
ion.
ions. uq/L
Mean
<2,500
5.0
<210
<78
32
<6.7
<20
<18
200
220
12,000
8,000
2.5
6.7
670
2,400
>170
690
<2,200
920
710
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
0>
ft
CD
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ETHYLBENZENE
00
CO
10
•
oo
1
.e-
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Textile Mil Is (b) (g)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
5
52
9
6
22
53
10
1
3
76
28
36
19
16
90
U
12
95
5
Number
of
detections
14
8
6
3
13
U
3
1
3
U
3
NA
13
1
10
U
3
23
5
Detected
Mini mum
3.0
1.0
<7.0
<10
2.0
<10
1.0
<1.0
ND
NA
NA
<5.0
ND
<0.1
<1.0
1.0
10
concent rat
Maximum
970
11
U,UOO
12
36
<10
5.0
14,000
10
U9
10
NA
38,000
<10
300
<38
<10
3,000
20
ions. ua/L
Mean
280
3.0
<750
<11
<11
<10
3.0
<7.0
1.7
6.6
7.8
10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
rt
ft)
00
UJ
M
VO
00
1
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ETHYLBENZENE
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a turn
-combined precipitants
-1 ime
-unspecified
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 trat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Sedimentation
Solvent Extraction
Ultraf i Itration
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
7
2
4
4
1
1
1
2
8 2
7
2
1 5
1 1
2
26
4
Range of
remova 1 . %
50*
NM
70 - >99
98 - >99
NM
81
NM
98*
33 - >99
3 - >99
83*
64 - >99
97
97
16 - >99
>50 - >99
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL - 1.3
BDL - 0.1
ND - 4,600
ND - 38,000
3.0
130
BDL
BDL - 1.3
ND - 2.0
ND - 970
ND - BDL
ND - 2,400
4,000 - 4,400
10 - 36
ND - 3,000
ND - <10
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.18
.20
.21
2. 1
2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to ethylbenzene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for ethylbenzene indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 32,000 yg/L
and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive
than those tested. No definitive data are available concerning the chronic
toxicity of ethylbenzene to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for ethylbenzene indicate that acute toxicity to salt-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 430 yg/L and would occur
at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of ethylbenzene to sensitive
saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of ethylben-
zene ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient
water criterion is determined to be 1.4 mg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of ethylben-
zene ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 3.28 mg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.9.8-6
-------
Compound: Nitrobenzene
Formula:
Alternate Names; Nitrobenzol;
Oil of mirbane
CAS ft; 98-95-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-12, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 123.1
melting point, °C: 5.6
boilng point (760 torr), °C: 211
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.15
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 1,900
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.85
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.40 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.9-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Not significant under natural conditions
oxidation: Not likely to occur
hydrolysis: Not likely to occur
volatilization: Not fast enough to be important
sorption: Adsorbed by humus and probably by clay
biological processes: No bioaccumulation of any significance; slowly bio-
degraded under natural conditions
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.9-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Nitrobenzene (.1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
7.5
68
0.43
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Of mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0,1
36
0.01
110
9.6
0.001
290
28
2.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 7.5
1,000
CARBON
_t
8
g ADSORBED/gm
o
E
2
*••%
X
1.0
*>*
**
(•*
^•*"
i
ip,^*
^
^ . .
; V~i
^
tf
m
^>
s^
• •' •
i
1
^--
>pH = 7.5
0.0001
0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. CCf), mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.9-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
VO
I
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF NITROBENZENE
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Rubber Processing
Number
of
samo les
49
18
3
53
2
7
37
33
5
25
1
Number
of
detections
1
1
0
1
2
0
3
0
NA
1
1
Detected concentrat
Minimum Maximum
21
420
<3 <280
0.4 10
ND 160
NA NA
<10 560
<3.0
ions. uq/L
Mean
<88
5.0
11
91,000
<220
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
tu
Is5
J>
00
(jl
VO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF NITROBENZENE
1 ndustry
Coa 1 Min ing (a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Rubber Processing
Number
of
samples
53
53
34
28
5
18
1
Number
of
detections
0
2
0
0
NA
1
1
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
<10 <10
ND 5.5
NA NA
35
<30
U.q/L
Mean
<10
1.4
620
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for addtional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Detections >~\Q |ig/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
pj
rt
(T!
l — l
NJ
-p-
00
u>
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LI TY/TREATAB
ILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Number of data points Range of
Treatment process
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 um
-combined precipitants
F i 1 1 rat ion
^-, Sedimentation
^> Activated Sludge
Pi lot sea le Full sea
1
1
1
1
3
le remova I , 5
68
>99
>99
>99
0
NITROBENZENE
Range of
effluent
ra cone. , ug/L
35
ND
ND
ND
BDL - <30
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I I .3.1.3
I I 1.3.1.9
I I I .3. 1 . 18
I I I .3.2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to nitrobenzene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for nitrobenzene indicate that acute toxicity to fresh-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 27,000 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No definitive data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of
nitrobenzene to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for nitrobenzene indicate that acute toxicity to salt-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 6,680 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of nitrobenzene
to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For comparison purposes, two approaches were used to derive criterion levels
for nitrobenzene. Based on available toxicity data, for the protection of
public health, the derived level is 19.8 mg/L. Using available organoleptic
data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of ambient water, the
estimated level is 30 yg/L. It should be recognized that organoleptic data
as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have limitations and
have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human health effects.
Date: 9/25/81 1.9.9-6
-------
Compound; Toluene
Formula;
Alternate Names; Toluol; Phenylmethane; Methylbenzene;
Methylbenzol; Methacide
CAS #; 108-88-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 92.13
melting point, °C; -95
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 111
vapor pressure (25°C), torr; 28.7
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L; 535
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.69
Henry's law constant (25°C); 5.93 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: D-signifleant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.10-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Not likely to occur under natural conditions
oxidation: Not likely to occur
hydrolysis: Information not available
volatilization: Volatilization occurs
sorption: Specific information not available but sorption is likely on
organic and clay materials
biological processes: Bioaccumulation not important; specific information not
available, but degradation by sewage system is likely
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.10-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Toluene (i-8):
ADSORBAB1LITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr, Coef. r
PH
5.6
26.1
0.44
0.89
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
96
0.01
290
27
0.001
820
81
7.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pg 5.5
z
O
GO
tr
E
O)
*».
Q
111
CO
GC
O
w
Q
<
Ol
E
uu
00
10
1.0
0
— , —
,
.1
f*.
,,>"
^
•^
g
"• i
1.0
.
- • MT?
! .
^
V
• pH = 5.6
10 100 1,0
RESIDUAL CONG. (C|), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 208.8 nm.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.10-2
-------
o
ff>
rt
NJ
co
U>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TOLUENE
o
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Min ing ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Co i 1 Coat ing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcela in Enamel ing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paper-board Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 U-g/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5
Number
of
samples
24
47
1
11
18
5
18
25
28
53
94
48
6
4
8
85
33
74
30
16
172
6
11
78
5
Number
of
detect ions
21
16
1
10
17
5
7
0
16
16
68
18
0
4
8
7
9
NA
27
12
101
6
2
54
5
ion 1.1 Introduction for add
H9/L.
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Mi n imum
1.0
2.0
<10
9.0
<10
ND
2.0
1.0
ND
0.01
20
10 2.
ND
NA
NA
10 2.
<10
ND
<0.1
2.0
1.0
27
itional informat
Maximum
51,000
45
3.0
8,900
400
320
<10
140
540
37,000
8,600
15,000
3 x 10E5
55
3,600
NA
6 x 10E5
12,000
660
2,700
9.1
3,200
3,200
ion.
Mean
<4,500
16
<2,300
<69
<140
<8.0
<20
<47
780
420
>4,500
39,000
6.9
400
11,000
13,000
>1,100
16
<500
5.6
200
1,300
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
0>
rt
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TOLUENE
oo
O
I
Treated wastewater
Number
of
Number
of
Detected concentrations. ua/L
Industry samples detections Minimum
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coat ing ( i )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (g)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and analys
(f) Detections >10 uxj/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
7
51
9
6
17
3
53
13
5
6
70
28
47
20
16
160
5
12
96
5
7
22
8
5
13
1
15
9
5
6
6
6
NA
16
5
49
5
2
51
5
1.1 Introduction for
4.5
ND
<7.0
<10
<0.3
<10
0.1
10
<1.0
ND
NA
NA
<10
8,800
49
69
10
NA
4,200
35
150
<26
3.5
140
140
600
7.0
<1,500
<10
<8.2
<24
71
>2,100
<11
4.0
2.6
24
<1,300
<11
3.6
<7.3
3.5
13
43
additional information.
is program data.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samp
(i) Reference reports 0.0 M9/L f°i" detections less
than detect
les, not
ion I imi
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except
during the screening program and therefore was not
Pnrnp lain Fnamp 1 i nn
sampled in
the veri
detect ions.
t 10 ug/L.
as noted. The
fi cat ion program
pollutant was not detected
for the f o 1
lowing- industries
-------
ft
rc
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR TOLUENE
i — >
N5
•£- Treatment process
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
CO
w Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular 8 3
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone 2
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-alum 15
-combined precipitants U
- 1 ime 2
-sodium carbonate 1
-sodium hydroxide 1
-unspecified 1
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
M - 1 ime 1
•
f Chemical Reduction
h-1
'•p Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotat ion
Oi 1 Separat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Solvent Extraction
Ul traf i 1 1 rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
1
2 1
10 9
7
2
5
1 7
2 1
2
1 33
7
Range of
remova 1 , %
23
0
8U
0
- 99
31
- 73
- 96
- >99
NM
NM
39
0
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL - 630
0.9 - 1.2
3 - 2,900
73 - U,200
ND - 5.0
BDL
ND
1,900
1.0
BDL
55
0
10
17
9k
17
0
- 93
- >99
- >99
83*
12
- 83
- 96
71*
- >99
- >99
BDL
ND
ND
ND
0.7
BDL
1,600
BDL
ND
ND
- 1U
- 200
- 2,100
- BDL
- 29
- 1,100
- 10,000
- 60
- 1,UOO
- <63
Vo 1 ume 1 1
section
number
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.1
I I I .3.1
I I I .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
I I I .3. 1
I I 1.3.1
M I.3.
I I I . 3 .
I
1 . 1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.U
1.5
1.9
.10
.1U
.16
.18
.20
.21
2. 1
2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to toluene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for toluene indicate that acute toxicity to freshwater
aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 17,500 yg/L and would occur at
lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of toluene to sensitive
freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for toluene indicate that acute and chronic toxicity
to saltwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 6,300 and 5,000
yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species
that are more sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of toluene
ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 14.3 mg/L.
For the potection of human health from the toxic properties of toluene
ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 424 mg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.9.10-6
-------
Compound; 2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Formula:
NO2
N02
Alternate Names; Dinitrotoluol; DNT;
l-Methyl-2,4-dinitrotoluene
CAS tt; 121-14-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 182.1
melting point, °C: 70
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 300
vapor pressure (59°C), torr: 0.0013
solubility in water (22°C), mg/L: 270
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.01 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 4.68 x 10'5 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: T-significant degradation in initial culture but
decreasing in subsequent subculture indicating
possible toxicity.
water quality criteria: See page 1.9.11-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Intramolecular photolysis could be an important fate
oxidation: Oxidation could follow adsorption onto clay particles
hydrolysis: Not likely to occur under natural conditions
volatilization: Too slow to be important
sorption: 2,4-Dinitrotoluene should be strongly sorbed by humus and clay
biological processes: Some bioaccumulation possible,- biodegradation very slow
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.11-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.4
146
0.31
0.94
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
13
0,01
29
2.6
0.001
59
5.9
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.4
10,0001
CARBON
o
o
o
g ADSORBED/gm
«4
O
o
E
5
X
10
-
-"""
:
,
f
**
-•-
.,-«-^"
^
•
- ir
.PH = B.4
0.01
0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
100
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 252 ran.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.11-2
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE
•> Raw wastewater
00
OJ
(H
VO
t— »
i— •
w
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Number
of
samples
49
5
2
53
7
22
32
1
1
Number
of
detect ions
1
1
1
4
0
1
0
NA
0
Detected concentrat
Minimum Maximum
18
530
77
<7.0 <50
ND 16
NA NA
ions. uq/L
Mean
<26
1.7
14,000
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paper-board Mills.
-------
a
rt
rt>
i— '
N>
00
U)
ȣ>
t— •
1— «
1
•P-
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Co a 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
53
5
2
53
13
28
U
1
2, U-D 1 N 1 TROTOLUENE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concent rat ionSj
detections Minimum Maximum
0
1 510
0
3 <10 <300
0 ND 7.0
0
NA NA NA
1 <10
Mean
<110
0.9
870
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Detections >10 ug/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
oo
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 2,4-DINITROTOLUENE
M
10
1 — '
f— •
Treatment process
Sed {mentation
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Ful 1 sea le
1
1
Range of
remova I , %
80
NM
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
10
100
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I I .3.1.18
I I I .3.2. 1
i NM, not meaningful.
Ln
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to 2,4-dinitrotoluene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for 2,4-dinitrotoluene indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 330 and
230 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species
that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for 2,4-dinitrotoluene indicate that acute toxicity to
saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 590 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of 2,4-dinitro-
toluene to sensitive saltwater aquatic life but a decrease in algal cell
numbers occurs at concentrations as low as 370 yg/L.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of 2,4-dinitrotoluene through ingestion of con-
taminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10~6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10" 5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 1.1 yg/L, 0.11 yg/L, and
0.011 yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 91
yg/L, 9.1 yg/L, and 0.91 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations represent-
ing different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The
risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not repre-
sent an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.11-6
-------
Compound; 2,6-Dinitrotoluene
Formula; CH3
Alternate Names; Dinitrotoluol
CAS tt: 606-20-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7]:
molecular weight: 182.1
melting point, °C: 65
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 285
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.05 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: . T-significant degradation in initial culture but
decreasing in subsequent subculture indicating
possible toxicity
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7].-
photolysis: Intramolecular photolysis could be very important
oxidation: Photooxidation can occur
hydrolysis: Not likely to occur under natural conditions
volatilization: Probably not an important transport process
sorption: 2,6-Dinitrotoluene should be strongly sorbed by humus and clay
biological processes: No data on bioaccumulation; biodegradation very slow
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.12-1
-------
Carbon AdSOrptiOn Data, 2,6-Dinitrotoluene (l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLiCH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef, r
pH
5.4
145
0.32
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
13
0.01
30
2.7
0.001
62
6.2
0.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.4
1U.OOO
2
O
m
CE
0 1,000
g ADSORBED/gm
o
o
E
2
X
10
T —
.1
--
,i''
n,.-*-"
r**"
•
•l' 1
ll**-""
i 1
»pH=5.4
0.01
OJ 1^ 10"
RESIDUAL CONC. CC^), mg/L
100
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 242 ran.
Date: 1/24/33
1.9.12- 2
-------
o
rt
i— »
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2,6-DI Nl TROTOLUENE
ji? Raw wastewater
•^
oo
LO
M
*
VO
I—1
N3
1
OJ
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Text! le Mills (b) (e)
Number
of
samples
49
1
8
53
7
22
32
4
68
Number
of
detections
1
1
2
5
0
1
0
NA
1
Detected concentrations,
Minimum Maximum
30
0.03
47 140
4.0 <50
ND 16
NA NA
54
i [iq/L
Mean
94
<22
NA
3,800
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 M9/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
rt
ft
oo
LO
I
J>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2,6-DINITROTOLUENE
Treated Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samples
52
8
53
13
28
«
Number
of
detections
0
1
3
0
0
NA
Detected concentration
Minimum Maximum
140
<10 <300
ND 1.0
NA NA
S. UQ/L
Mean
<110
0.1
580
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Detections >10 Mg/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
ho
CO
ho
I
Ln
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 2, 6-DINITROTOLUENE
Treatment process
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone.. uq/L number
1 80 10 I I I .3.1.18
1 NM 200 I I 1.3.2.1
NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.12-6-'
-------
Compound: Aniline
Formula:
Alternate Names; Aminobenzene ,-
Phenylamine,-
Aminophen
CAS ft; 62-53-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-12]:
molecular weight: 93.1
melting point, °C: -6
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 184
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.3
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 34,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: 95% aniline removal (measured as COD removal) obtained at
20°C in activated sludge at a rate of,19 mg COD/g dry
inoculum/hr
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 8/31/82 1.9.13-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Aniline (i-s, 1-16):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
7.1
33.8
0.31
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a3
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON. Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
54
0.01
0.001
(a} Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 7.1
CARBON
o
o
g ADSORBED/gm
o
2
•>»
X
1.0
,^-*'
rr**
1
^
1 1
*. a
— -^
! i "^^
^
-|-
^*~
^*
€
• pH data
not available
^
" \
'
0.1
1.0 10 100
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
1.000
Date: 1/24/83
1.9.13-2
-------
Compound: Benzole acid
Formula:
Alternate Names: Benzenecarboxylic acid
CAS #; 65-85-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-12, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 122.1
melting point, °C: 122
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 249
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 2,900
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 7.02 x 10"8 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: 99% benzoic acid removal (measured as COD removal)
obtained at 20°C in activated sludge at a rate of
88 mg COD/g dry inoculum/hr
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 10/8/82 1.9.14-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Benzole acid ci-8);
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
3.0
51
0,42
0.99
7.0
0.76
1.8
0.91
9.0
0.0008
4.3
0.86
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0,1
0.01
0.1
85,000
0.01
>100,000
>100,000
0.001
>100»000
>100,000
>100,000
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
CARBON
-» c
0 C
0 C
g ADSORBED/gm
o
E
2
X
1.0
0.
01
* *
**^
" I
t~^m
rfd.
,
,*"
i
i >
-•i
"T
, Ly —
mft
11
T
,
tt — 1
• PH =3.0
• pH= 7.0
ApH =9.0
0.1 1.0 10 1C
RESIDUAL CONG, (C|), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 223 ran.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.14-2
-------
Compound; Benzyl chloride
Formula:
Alternate Names: a-Chlorotoluene
CAS ft: 100-44-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 126.6
melting point, °C: -43 to -48
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 179
vapor pressure (22°C), torr: 1
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 5.22 x 10"4 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.15-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.15-2
-------
Compound: Styrene
Formula:
CH=CH2
Alternate Names; Vinylbenzene; Cinnamene;
Phenylethylene; Ethylbenzene
CAS ft; 100-42-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-28] :
molecular weight: 104.1
melting point, °C: -30.6
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 145
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 5
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 300
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.61 x 10'3 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization »
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 10/8/82 1.9.16-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, styrene u-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
All data pooled
120
0.56
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/t
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
27
0.01
110
9.8
0.001
400
39
3.6
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
10.000
l CARBON
M*
"o
o
o
X/M, mg ADSORBED/gn
«A
-•. O
0 0
?''
si*
1 ^ •
f "
^1^
7
- ! :
^^
*
rf'
4. i *
1 '
• pH-3.0
• pM = 7.0
* pH = 9.0
3.01
0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
100
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 245 nm.
Date: 10/8/82
1.9.16-2
-------
a
fa
rt
n>
oo
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR STYRENE
Range of VoIume Til
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Treatment process Pi lot sea le Ful I sea le remova I . % cone. . ug/L number
M Solvent Extraction 1 >93 <1,000 I I 1.3.1.20
VO
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.16-4
-------
Compound; Quinoline
Formula:
Alternate Names; Benzo(b)pyridine;
1-Benzazine;
Chinoline
CAS ft; 91-22-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 129.2
melting point, °C: -15
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 238
vapor pressure (60°C), torr: 1
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 60,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.7 x 10'7 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; 'Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.9.17-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.17-2
-------
Compound; Xylenes
Formula.- CH3(C6H4)CH3 and various derivatives
Alternate Names; Dimethylbenzenes? Methyltoluenes
CASft! Different for each compound; o-Xylene has CAS # 95-47-6
Physical, giemical, and Biological Properties [1-18, 1-28] :
molecular weight: 106,2
melting point, °C: -25,2
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 144
vapor pressure (32°C), torr: 10 (o-Xylene)
solubility in water (2S°C), mg/L: Insoluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 6,12 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability.- Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 8/31/82 1.9.18-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Xylenes, (p-Xylene) (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
7.3
85
0.19
0.93
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
0.01
15
0.001
24
2.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 7.3
1,000
O
m
cc
<
o
E
o>
O
01
m
cc
O
CO
Q
0>
100
10
•pH=7J
1.0
0.01 0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet spectroscopy 267 run
100
Date: 1/24/83
1.9.18-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
VO
H-
oo
1
U)
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Pulp and Paper-board Mills
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction
(a) Screening data.
OCCURRENCE OF XYLENES
Number
of
samples
8
3
53
129
for add!
Raw
Number
of
detections
5
0
7
63
tional information.
wastewater
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
<10 1.0 x 10E5 <21,000
<5.0 47,000 <6,700
ND 37,000 650
(b) Analytic method not specified.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the^screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
pj
rt
fl>
oo
U)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF XYLENES
Treated wastewater
Industry
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Pulp and Paper-board Mills
Number
of
samples
7
53
123
Number
of
detections
3
8
It
Detected
Mi nimum
<5.0
<5.0
NO
concentrat
Maximum
25,000
12,000
1,600
ions. uq/L
Mean
<8,300
<1,500
H6
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
rt
n
t— '
NJ
oo
VO
1— >
oo
d,
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data points
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-alum 1
Filtration 1
Flotation 1
Oi 1 Separation 1
Solvent Extraction 3 1
Ultra f i It rat ion 1
Activated Sludge 1
Trickl ing Fi I ters 1
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
remova I . %
93*
75
>99
>17
96 - >97
>99
>99
NM
XYLENE
Range of
effluent
cone.. ua/L
BDL
12,000
ND
<10
<1,000 - 25,000
<5.0
ND
2.0
Vo 1 ume 1 1
section
number
1 1 1
1 1 1
III.
III.
III.
III.
1 1 1
1 1 1
.3.
.3.
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
.3.
.3.
I
1.3
1.9
.10
.14
.20
.21
2.1
2.5
BDL, below detection limit; NO, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.18-6
-------
Compound; Nitrotoluene
Formula: CH3
N02
Alternate Names; Methyl nitrobenzene
CAS ft; o, 88-72-2; m, 99-081; p, 99-99-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-12, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 137.1
melting point, °C: o, -10.6 to -4.1; m, 15.5; p, 51.3
boiling point (760 torr), °C: o, 222; m, 231; p, 238
vapor pressure (20°C), torr; 0.1
solubility in water (30°C), mg/L: o, 652; m, 498, p, 442
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): o, 1.28 x 10"*; m, 7.2 x 10'5; p, 6.3 x 10"5
atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability; o and p, 32.5 mg COD g"1 dry inoculum h"1; 98% removal by
activated sludge at 20°C; m, 21.0 mg COD g"1 dry inoculum
h"1; 99% removal by activated sludge at 20°C
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.9.19-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.19-2
-------
Compound: Naphthenic acid
Formula [1-18]: Exact composition unknown, complex mixture of normal and
branched carboxylic acids, alkyl derivatives of cyclopen-
tane and cyclohexane carboxylic acids, and cyclopentyl and
cyclohexyl derivatives of carboxylic acid
Alternate Names: None
Cas tt; 1338-24-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties;
molecular weight: 180-350
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 200-300 range
vapor pressure (25°C), torr:
solubility in water (25°C) , mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.9.20-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.9.20-2
-------
Compound; 2-Chloronaphthalene
Formula:
Alternate Names; Halowax; (J-Chloronaphthalene
CAS fti 91-58-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 162.6
melting point, °C: 61
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 256
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.017 (calculated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 6.74 (calculated)
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.12
Henry's law constant (25°C): 6.12 x 10'4 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.1-5 (also page 1.10.2-5)
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: Some of the dissolved compound may be photolyzed slowly
oxidation: Probably too slow to be important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: No volatilization rate has been determined, but slow volatil-
ization has been recorded
sorption: 2-Chloronaphthalene should be adsorbed onto particulates,
especially organic matter
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization;
biodegradation and metabolization are both fairly rapid
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date.- 12/22/82 1.10.1-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 2-Chloronaphthalene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coel. r
PH
5.5
280
0.46
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.3
0.01
29
2.7
0.001
86
8.5
0.8
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.5
I,UUU
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
-» o
0 0
E
2
X
1.0
^s
s^ l
^
r* i
i
^
^
\ i
_ f *
^
^
^
f^'
^
.\r*^
^*
\
• PH = 5.5
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 224.5 nm.
Date: 10/8/82
1.10.1-2
-------
-------
-------
o
(D
i— '
K>
-P-
oo
w Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (e)
n Photographic Equipment/Supplies
o Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
V Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
u>
Timber Products Processing
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
2
U9
18
1
53
1
(c) 15
(d) (e) 2U
32
12
2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
1
1
1
1
0
1
3 0.69
0 ND
0
12 10
concentrat
Maximum
17
3.0
<10
19
130
1.0
3.0
7,700
ions. uq/L
Mean
0.91
0.3
1,600
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 ng/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
tu
rt
NJ
00
(jJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE
l-l
M
o
I
-p-
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Number
of
samples
2
53
53
7
15
28
Number
of
detections
1
0
3
0
0
0
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
16
<10 <1UO <53
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(U
It
-O-
00
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 2-CHLORONAPHTHALENE
Treatment process
M F i 1 1 ra t i o n
o Flotation
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Pilot scale Full scale removal, % cone.. uq/L number
1 0 17 I I I .3.1.9
1 0 17 I I I .3.1.10
I
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to. chlorinated naphthalenes.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for chlorinated naphthalenes indicate that acute
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 1,600
jig/L and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more
sensitive than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic
toxicity of chlorinated naphthalenes to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for chlorinated naphthalenes indicate that acute
toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 7.5
pg/L and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more
sensitive than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic
toxicity of chlorinated naphthalenes to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for chlorinated
naphthalenes.
Date: 9/25/81 1.10.1-6
-------
Compound: Benzo(a)anthracene
Formula:
Alternate Names: 1,2-Benzanthracene; Tetraphene;
Naphthanthracene; 2,3-Benzophenanthrene
CAS #; 56-55-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-9]:
molecular weight: 228.3
melting point, °C: 155-157
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Sublimes
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 5 x 10"9
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.014
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.61
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.2-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Photolysis to quinones is rapid, but is greatly hindered by
adsorption
oxidation: Oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is slow,- not a
significant process
hydrolysis: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons do not contain groups amenable
to hydrolysis
volatilization: Too slow to compete with sorption as a transport process
sorption: Very strong adsorption by suspended solids is the principal
transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation is accompanied by metabolization;
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) are degraded
in the environment; PAH's with four or more aromatic
rings degrade slowly with long half-lives.
other reactions/interactions.- Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.2-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.2-2
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZO(AJANTHRACENE
oo
CO
M
t— *
o
tsS
LO
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating (g)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
U6
5
1
78
53
8
15
33
33
11
1
12
Number
of
detections
0
H
1
7
10
6
3
3
0
NA
0
12
Detected
Mini mum
2.0
0.0
<10
ND
1.0
ND
NA
10
concentrations
Maximum
620
19
30
<13,000
170
350
180
NA
7,700
. uq/L
Mean
<160
9
<2,600
31
88
13
880
1,600
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Sc reen i ng da ta.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ng/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for detections less
then detection limit 10 ug/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
oi
rt
K>
00
K>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZO(A)ANTHRACENE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa ting ( h )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Reference reports 0.0 MS/L for detections
detection limit 10 ug/L.
Number
of
sarno les
51
5
3
16
53
10
29
28
7
1
61
9
Number
of
detections
0
3
0
8
10
4
0
0
NA
1
1
9
ion 1.1 Introduction for addit
less than
Detected
Mini mum
<2.0
0.0
<10
0.50
ND
NA
10
concent ra t i ons .
Maximum
27
3.0
7,300
1.0
6.0
NA
<10
2.0
3, UOO
u.q/L
Mean
<1 1
0.38
<7UO
0.75
0.7
U2
UUO
ional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
0
p
rt
(t>
l— *
NJ
-P-
00
u>
M
I—1
O
M
1
Ul
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu la r
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
- 1 ime
-sodium hydroxide
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Sed (mentation
Solvent Extraction
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
BENZO(A)ANTHRACENE
Range of
Range of effluent
remova 1
95*
NM
NM
80*
NM
>9
NM
NM
. % cone. , uq/L
BDL
BDL
ND
BDL
7,300
<10
10* - 13
ND
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.1.1
1 1 1 .3.1.3
I I I .3.1.9
I II .3. 1 . 14
1 1 1 . 3 . 1 . 1 8
I I I .3.1.20
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The limited freshwater data base available for polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, mostly from short-term bioconcentration studies with two com-
pounds, does not permit a statement concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons indicate that
acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as
300 yg/L and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more
sensitive than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic
toxicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons to sensitive saltwater aquatic
life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of PAHs through ingestion of contaminated water
and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration should be
zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical. [There is no
recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However, zero level
may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may
result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated
at 10'5, 10~6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10'5, for example, indicates a proba-
bility of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 28 ng/L, 2.8 ng/L, and 0.28 ng/L, respectively.
If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only,
excluding consumption of water, the levels are 311 ng/L, 31.1 ng/L, and 3.11
ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk levels
may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is pre-
sented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment on
an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.2-6
-------
Compound: Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Formula:
Alternate Names: 2,3-Benzofluoranthene;
Benz(e)acephenanthrylene;
3,4-Benzofluoranthene; B(b)F
CAS tt; 205-99-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7]:
molecular weight: 252.3
melting point, °C: 167-168
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 10'11 - 10'6*
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.0012
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 6.57
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.2-5
^Estimated based on data for structurally similar compounds.
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Dissolved portion may undergo direct photolysis to quinones
oxidation: Rapid oxidation by chlorine and ozone could occur when chlorine
and ozone are available in sufficient quantity
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably too slow to compete with adsorption as a transport
process
sorption: Very strong adsorption onto suspended solids is the principal
transport process
biological processes: Short-term bioaccumulation accompanied by metaboliza-
tion,- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's)
are degraded in the environment; PAH's with four or
more aromatic rings degrade slowly with long half-lives.
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82
1.10.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Benzo(b)fluoranthene (1-8):
ABSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
7.0
57
0.37
0.94
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION [a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
37
0.01
95
8.7
0.001
230
22
2.0
(a} Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
IUU
CARBON
o
E
o>
g ADSORBED/
O
E
5
-*
X
0.1
^
^
^
*
'
.-•
•
^
, •"•*•
-^
i
J
•
j
, •
. . *^~^
• pH = 7.0
0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
0.01
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence: excitation 298 nm; emission 440 nm
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to unlimited solubility.
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.3-2
-------
o
01
rt
n
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE
C~ Raw wastewater
oo
u>
M
I—"
O
u>
1
UJ
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Co\ \ Coat ing (d)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
49
78
53
7
56
33
3
1
12
Number
of
detect ions
0
1
4
0
1
0
NA
0
12
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
0.0
6.0 <36
ND 260
NA NA
10 1,700
uq/L
Mean
<15
19
27
190
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data. >
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 ug/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(0
ft
n>
N>
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE
Treated wastewater
M
H1
O
U>
1
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Coi 1 Coating (e)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) ( c )
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samp les
53
16
53
42
28
63
9
Number
of
detect ions
0
1
1
1
0
1
9
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
0.0
<6.0
ND 12
1.0
10 2,500
ug/L
Mean
0.5
310
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ug/L.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less than detection limit 10 ug/L.
(f) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
rt
(D
N)
oo
u>
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR BENZO(B)FLUORANTHENE
Range of Vol ume 1 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
M
t— '
o
•
u>
1
U1
Treatment process Pilot sea
Oi 1 Separation
Sedimentation
BDL, below detection limit; *approximate value.
le Full scale removal. % cone.. uq/L number
1 >9 <10 1 1 1 .3. 1 .14
1 86* BDL 1 1 1 .3. 1 .18
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.3-6
-------
Compound; Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Formula:
Alternate Names: 11, 12-Benzofluoranthene;
B(k)F
CAS tt; 207-08-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 252.3
melting point, °C: 217
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 480
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 9.59 x 10'11
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.00055
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 6.84 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.04 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.2-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Dissolved portion may undergo photolysis to quinones
oxidation: If chlorine and/or ozone is present in sufficient quantity, rapid
oxidation should occur
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably too slow to compete with adsorption as a transport
process; rate uncertain
sorption: Very strongly sorbed onto suspended solids,- dominant transport
process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization; poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, (PAH's) are degraded in
the environment; PAH's with four or more aromatic rings
degrade slowly with long half-lives
other reactions/interactions.- Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.4-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Benzo(k)fluoranthene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
7.1
181
0.57
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
18
0.01
76
6.7
0.001
280
28
2.6
CaD Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 7 .1
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
0 -*
LL 0
E
2
•^
X
0.01
^
.•\
\s
f
*
- ,»•
?
,{
/
>
s
s
,
• pH= 7.1
0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf). mg/L
0.01
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence: excitation 302 nm; emission 415 run.
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited solubility.
Date: 10/8/82
1.10.4-2
-------
o
rt
(D
N5
.p-
oo
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
BENZO( K) FLUORANTHENE
Raw wastewater
M
t— •
O
•P-
1
u>
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Coi 1 Coating (e)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
U9
78
53
7
56
33
3
12
Number
of
detect ions
3
1
3
1
2
0
NA
12
Detected
Minimum
1.0
6.0
NO
NA
10
concent rat ions.
Maximum
11
0.0
10
5.0
210
NA
3,900
UQ/L
Mean
6.0
<8.0
20
27
500
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 ug/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
05
rt
TO
oo
U)
o
•
1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZO(K)FLUORANTHENE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
53
16
53
12
28
9
Number
of
detect ions
2
0
0
1
0
9
Detected
Mini mum
13
ND
10
concentrations.
Maximum
13
12
210
uq/L
Mean
13
0.17
10
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 (ig/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
0
i
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR BENZO( K) FLUORANTHENE
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu la r
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Sed imentat ion
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Pilot scale Full scale removal, % cone., uq/L number
I I I .3.1 . 1
1 90* BDL
I I I .3. 1 .2
1 90* BDL
1 NM 0.1 I I I .3.1 .9
1 1 99* - >99 ND - BDL II I.3. 1.18
t_n BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.4-6
-------
Compound; Benzo(a)pyrene
Formula:
Alternate Names; 3,4-Benzopyrene; BaP
CAS jh 50-32-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 252.3
melting point, °C; 179
boiling point (10 torr), °C: 310-312
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 5 x 10"9
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.0038
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 6.04
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.26 x 10"2 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.2-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Dissolved portion should undergo rapid photolysis to quinones
oxidation: Free chlorine or ozone oxidizes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
to form quinones
hydrolysis: Not likely to occur
volatilization: Probably too slow to compete with adsorption as a transport
process
sorption: Very strong adsorption onto suspended solids is the dominant
transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation is short-term; polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH's) are degraded in the environment;
PAH's with four or more aromatic rings degrade slowly
with long half-lives
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.5-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Benzo(a)pyrene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
7.1
33.6
0.44
0.90
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
74
0.01
220
20
0,001
621
62
5.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 7.1
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
o -*
'->• to c
E
2
X
0.01
0.00
-
00"
*
m
^
Jt
-'
*
-
\
t ^p
or*
.
^,-
.."
"PH=:7.1
0001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01
RESIDUAL CONG. (C|), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence: excitation 298 nm; emission 405 run
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to unlimited solubility.
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.5-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
o
1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZO( A) PYRENE
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Co i 1 Coa t i ng ( f )
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
U9
12
78
53
11
7
50
33
3
21
12
Number
of
detect ions
7
10
6
9
6
0
5
0
NA
0
12
Detected
Mi n imum
1.0
1.0
0.0
6.0
ND
ND
NA
7.0
concentrat
Maximum
1UO
1U,000
0.0
53
10
570
NA
2,700
ions. uq/L
Mean
2k
<1,500
0.0
<20
2.0
99
5.0
390
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 ng/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 |jg/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
INDUSTRIAL
OCCURRENCE OF BENZO( A) PYRENE
Treated wastewater
M
•
o
•
IJT
.C-
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Co i 1 Coa t i ng ( f )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( d )
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
sa moles
53
12
15
53
55
28
21
61
9
Number
of
detections
2
7
1
9
0
0
2
1
9
Detected
Min imum
3.0
<2.0
6.0
ND
1.3
10
concentrations,
Maximum
6.0
13
0.0
<10
9.0
3.0
1.0
290
UQ/L
Mean
5.0
<8.H
<9.6
1.0
2.2
U8
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Detections >1Q ug/U.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for detections less than
detection limit 10 M9/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
BJ
IT
1— •
N3
03
M
t-'
o
1
Ul
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a turn
-lime
Fi Itration
Oi 1 Separation
Sedimentation
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
Number of data jooints Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal.
1 NM
1 95*
1 91*
1 NM
2 NM
1 >23
BENZO(A)PYRENE
Range of
effluent
% cone.. UQ/L
0.8
BDL
BDL
ND
0.2 - 0.8
<10
1 3 83* - >99 ND - 10*
1 98 13
1 NM
BDL
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
section
number
1 1 1 .3.1.1
1 1 1.3.1.2
1 11.3.1.3
1 1 1.3.1.9
1 1 I .3.1.14
1 I I. 3. 1.18
1 1 1.3.1.20
1 1 1.3.2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.10.5-6
-------
Compound: Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene
Formula:
Alternate Names: 2,3-o-Phenylenepyrene;
IP
CAS tt: 193-39-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
molecular weight: 276.3
melting point, °C: 162-164
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: Not available
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: ~10~10 (calculated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.62
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 7.66 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.2-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Insufficient data, but at best only a small portion of the com-
pound would be available in dissolved form for photolysis
oxidation: Rapid oxidation by chlorine and/or ozone may compete for dissolved
compound
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably too slow to be important; rate uncertain
sorption: Very strong adsorption onto suspended solids should be the dominant
transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization; poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) are degraded in
the environment; PAH's with four or more aromatic rings
degrade slowly with long half-lives
other reactions/interactions-. Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.6-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1,10.6-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
*
O
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF INDENO( 1 ,2, 3-CD) PYRENE
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Text! le Mills (a) (d)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
same les
49
78
53
7
39
33
3
66
12
Number
of
detections
H
0
0
0
2
0
NA
1
12
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
3.0 10
ND 350
NA NA
2.0
6.0 5,500
uq/L
Mean
6.0
18
3.3
520
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 Mg/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paper-board Mills.
-------
o
to
co
1
-P-
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF INDENO(1,2,3-CD)PYRENE
Treated wastewater
I industry
Coa I Mining ( a )
Co i I Coat ing
Foundries
Nonferrous Meta
0 re Mining a nd
Timber Products
Is Manufacturing (b) (c)
Dressing (a)
Process ing
Number
of
samples
53
15
53
30
28
9
Number
of
detect ions
3
0
0
0
0
9
Detected
Min imum
10
ND
10
concentrat ions.
Maximum
11
8.0
110
vaZL.
Mean
11
0.35
29
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ng/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
CD
ho
00
M
•
I—•
O
I
1.1
POLLUTANT REMOyABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR I NDENO( 1,2,3-CD)PYRENE
Treatment process
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
Range of
remova 1 . %
>99
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
NO
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
section
number
1 1 1.3.2.1
NO, not detected.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.10.6-6
-------
c
Compound; Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Formula:
Alternate Names: DB(a,h)A;
1,2,5,6-Dibenz-anthracene;
DBA
CAS tt; 53-70-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
molecular weight: 278.4
melting point, °C: 270
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Sublimes
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: ~10"10 (calculated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.0005
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.97 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.2-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: The dissolved portion of the compound may undergo rapid photoly-
sis to quinones
oxidation: Rapid oxidation by chlorine and/or ozone may compete for dissolved
DBA
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably too slow to be important; rate uncertain
sorption: Strong adsorption by suspended solids, especially organic particu-
lates, should be the principal transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization; poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) are degraded in
the environment; PAH's with four or more aromatic rings
degrade slowly with long half-lives
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.7-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
7.1
69.3
0.75
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
73
0.01
450
41
0.001
2,600
250
23
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 7 .1
1.0
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
0
o 9
— * .*A,
E
X
0.001
0.00
s
^
\jr
X
X
^
1
I1
1
/
x
X
^
/'
s
/
, '
.PH-T.1
D001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf). mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence: excitation 298 nm; 395 nm.
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited solubility.
Date: 10/8/82 1.10.7-2
-------
0
fi-
re
1/24/83
H
l — i
O
1
w
INDUSTRIAL
1 ndustry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Coi 1 Coating
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Timber Products Processing
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduct
(a) Screening and verification data.
OCCURRENCE OF Dl
Number
of
samp les
49
78
53
7
34
33
12
ion for add i t iona
BENZO( AH) ANTHRACENE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
5 3.0 10
0
0
0
1 ND 110
0
12 10 U30
I information.
uq/L
Mean
5.0
8.2
U5
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ng/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(a
ho
.p-
00
CO
1
•o
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DIBENZO(AH)ANTHRACENE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Co i 1 Coat ing
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
53
15
53
26
28
5
Number
of
detections
3
0
0
0
0
5
Detected
Mini mum
10
ND
10
concentrat ions.
Maximum
12
8.0
10
laq/L
Mean
11
0.6
10
ND, not detected. See Section !.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >1Q t-ig/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound; Benzo(ghi)perylene
Formula:
Alternate Names: 1,12-Benzoperylene
CAS ft; 191-24-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7] :
molecular weight: 276
melting point, °C: 222
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: ~10"10 (calculated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.00026
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 7.23 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.2-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: The dissolved portion could undergo rapid photolysis, but very
little of the compound is present in dissolved form
oxidation: Oxidation by chlorine and/or ozone could occur if enough chlorine
or ozone is present; relatively unimportant
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably too slow to compete with adsorption as a transport
process; rate uncertain
sorption: Very strong adsorption onto suspended solids, especially organic
matter, should be the dominant transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization,- poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) are degraded in
the environment; PAH's with four or more aromatic rings
degrade slowly with long half-lives
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.8-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Benzo(ghi)perylene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coel. r
PH
7.0
10.7
0.37
0.92
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
200
0.01
510
46
0.001
1,200
120
11
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at neutral pH
IU
CARBON
b
E
o>
Q
LU
m
cc
O
V)
Q
<
o> 0.1
E
2
X
0.01
«
f*
,•
m
^'
•
*•*
-*•
^ |
' ^*
. -^
A
•
**^"
^
• OH=7.0
0.000001 0.00001 0.0001 0.001
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cj), mg/L
0.01
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Fluorescence: excitation 293 nm; emission 418 nm.
REMARKS: Modified protocol used for isotherm due to limited solubility.
Date: 10/8/82 I.10..8-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
H- •
0
oo
luO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZOf GH 1 ) PERYLENE
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Coi 1 Coating (e)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
U9
78
53
7
38
33
3
12
Number
of
detect ions
7
1
0
0
1
0
NA
12
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
1.0 10
0.0
ND 150
NA NA
6.0 320
Mean
5.0
12
3.3
35
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ng/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 u.g/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
to
rt
(D
NO
-P-
00
OJ
00
1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BENZO(GHI)PERYLENE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Coi 1 Coating
Found ries
Nonferrous Meta
0 re Mining a nd
Timber Products
Is Manufacturing (b) (c)
Dressing (a)
Processing
Number
of
samo les
53
It
53
26
28
9
Number
of
detect ions
U
0
0
1
0
9
Detected
Mini mum
3.0
ND
2.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
13
11
63
Mq/L
Mean
8.0
0.22
15
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ug/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
0
(B
-O-
00
00
I
Ln
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR BENZO(GHI)PERYLENE
Treatment process
Sed imentat ion
Number of data jpoints
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
1
Range of
remova 1 , %
>99
Range of
ef f 1 uent
cone. . uq/L
NO
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1 .3. 1
1
.18
ND, not detected.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.8-6
-------
Compound: Acenaphthene
Alternate Names: 1,8-Ethylenenaphthalene
CAS tt; 83-32-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 154.2
melting point, °C: 96
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 279
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 10"3 - 10~2*
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 3.42
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.33
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.34 x 10"4 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.9-5 (also page 1.10.2-5)
^Estimated, based on data for structurally similar compounds
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Photolysis should be an important fate in view of the relatively
high solubility and the strong absorption above 300 nm
oxidation: Rapid oxidation by chlorine and ozone requires high concentrations
of Cl or 03
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Cannot compete with adsorption as a transport process
sorption: Adsorption onto suspended solids, especially organic matter, should
be dominant transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization and
biodegradation are principal fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.9-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Acenaphthene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
190
0.36
0.82
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
0.01
30
2.4
0.001
60
6.1
0.6
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
l.UUU
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
-•. o
0 0
E
2
X
1.0
^-
• • "~
^
i
•-•^
i
-I !• -
I
I I
I
•
-*•
I I
n *
-"
• pH = 5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG.
1.0
10
). mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 226 ran.
Date: 10/8/82
1.10.9-2
-------
o
CD
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ACENAPHTHENE
00
LO
Raw wastewater
Industry
Co a 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) ( e )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected
(a) Screening and verification data
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >1Q u,g/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are
Number
of
samoles
49
18
23
53
6
7
(f) 59
33
12
1
21
69
12
Number
of
detections
3
2
6
m
n
1
7
0
NA
0
5
8
12
See Section 1.1 Introduction for add
based on
Detected concentrations. ug/L
Minimum Maximum
3.0
<10
2.0
5.0
ND 5,
ND
NA
37
2.0
10 55,
itional information
3.0
32
95
200
700
2.9
100
NA
520
270
000
.
Mean
3.0
<21
<2H
<30
1,100
6.3
890
280
52
7,800
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ACENAPHTHENE
Treated wastewater
M
o
.p-
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) ( d )
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samp les
53
53
HH
28
11
1
21
6U
9
Number
of
detections
0
17
6
0
NA
1
1
3
9
Detected concentrations,
Minimum Maximum
<10 67
ND 36
NA NA
6.0
1.0 2.0
U.O 18,000
Mean
<19
5.1
19
2.0
2,100
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Detections >10 ng/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain EnameJing, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
1 — '
o
kO
Ln
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ACENAPHTHENE
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu la r
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 trat ion
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Ul traf i 1 trat ion
Activated Sludge
Range of
Number of data points Range of effluent
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone., uq/L
1 97* BDL
1 NM ND
1 2 73 - >99 ND - <10
1 >99 6.0
6 57 - >99* BDL - 3.0
3 >99 ND - 53
1 NM 3.0
1 9 >99 - >99 ND - 2.0
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I I .3. 1 . 1
I I I .3.1.5
I I I. 3. 1.9
I I I. 3. 1.14
I I I .3.1.16
I I I .3.1.18
I I 1.3.1.21
I I I .3.2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a)(l) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to acenaphthene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for acenaphthene indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 1,700 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of
acenaphthene to sensitive freshwater aquatic animals but toxicity to fresh-
water algae occur at concentrations as low as 520 yg/L.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for acenaphthene indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to salt water aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 970 and
710 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species
that are more sensitive than those tested. Toxicity to algae occurs at con-
centrations as low as 500 yg/L.
Human Health
Sufficient data is not available for acenaphthene to derive a level which
would protect against the potential toxicity of this compound. Using avail-
able organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of
ambient water, the estimated level is 20 yg/L. It should be recognized that
organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criteria have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human
health effects.
Date: 9/25/81 1.10.9-6
-------
Compound; Acenaphthylene
Formula:
Alternate Names: None
CAS tt; 208-96-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 152.2
melting point, °C: 92
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 265-275 (partial decomposition)
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 10"3 - 10~2*
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 3.93
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.07 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 0.114 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: Not included
^Estimated, based on data for structurally similar compounds
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Rapid photolysis of dissolved acenaphthylene could be an important
fate; data inconclusive
oxidation: No data on acenaphthylene, but in the presence of ozone and/or
chlorine in large amounts, oxidation may occur
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably too slow to compete with adsorption as a transport
process; rate uncertain
sorption: Acenaphthylene should be adsorbed onto suspended solids, especially
organic particulates
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization and
biodegradation are the most important fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.10-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Acenaphthylene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
115
0.37
0.90
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
18
0.01
47
4.3
0.001
110
11
1.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1.000
z
O
CD
cr
" 100
g ADSORBED/grr
o
E
S
X
1.0
-
_•
|
-
rf
^^
"J
^
*•
_
P1
.^
m pH=5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (CfD, mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.10.10-2
-------
a
rt
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ACENAPHTHYLENE
00
u>
o
i
u>
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Co i 1 Coa ting ( g )
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( e )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See
a) Screening data.
b) Screening and verification data.
c) Screening plus additional data.
d) Detections >10 ug/L.
e) Mean calculated using medians.
f ) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
the number of samples, not detections
(g) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detect
than detection limit 10 ug/L.
of
of
samples detections
19
5
18
78
53
11
7
70
33
23
21
1
68
12
Section 1.1
on
f
ions less
1
5
2
3
11
7
1
8
0
NA
1
1
1
12
Introduction for add
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Mini mum
17
<10
0.0
2
NO
NO
NA
1.0
6.0
itional informat
Maximum
9.0
6,400
16
0.0
62
1,000
5.0
120
NA
660
<33
1,100
2,100
ion.
Mean
3,000
<13
0.0
<22
170
8.2
1,600
320
730
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ACENAPHTHYLENE
Treated wastewater
M
O
I-1
o
1
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Co i I Coa t i ng ( e )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
53
5
20
16
53
55
28
23
21
1
9
Number
of
detect ions
0
5
8
1
19
0
0
NA
0
1
9
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
<3.0 1,600
1.0 5,700
0.0
<10 500
ND 8.0
NA NA
<8.0
U.O 190
Mean
<330
750
10 u.g/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less than
detection limit 10 u.g/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
•
O
«
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ACENAPHTHYLENE
Treatment process
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
- 1 ime
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Sed i men tat ion
Solvent Extraction
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
1
1
1
5
1
Range of
remova 1 , %
75*
NM
NM
>99
50
Range of
eff 1 uent
cone. , uq/L
BDL
BDL
500
ND - 19
1,600
Vo I ume I I
sect ion
number
I I I .3.
I I I .3.
I I I .3. 1
I I I .3.1
I
1.3
1.9
.18
.20
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.10-6
-------
Compound: Anthracene
Formula:
Alternate Names: Paranaphthalene;
Green oil;
Tetra Olive NZG
CAS tt; 120-12-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 178.2
melting point, °C: 216
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 342
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1.95 x 10'4
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.073
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.45
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.88 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Rapid photolysis occurs only for dissolved portion; thus,
increased adsorption greatly decreases photolysis
oxidation: Ozone and chlorine in sufficient quantities can oxidize dissolved
anthracene
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Volatilization is hindered by adsorption and is significant
only in shallow, clear, well-mixed streams
sorption: Adsorption by suspended solids and sediments is the primary
transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization and
biodegradation are the ultimate fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.11-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Anthracene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
376
0.70
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
12
0.01
67
6.1
0.001
340
34
3.1
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1001
CARBON
o
g ADSORBED/gnn
b
E
2
-..
X
0.1
s
/
s
' ' — ~^^~
V
1
^
/•
/
/
fl
?
• s
/
•'
ms
^ 1
^
1
^
/
• pH=5.3
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf], mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
0.1
Date: 10/8/82
1.10.11-2
-------
G
rt
(D
00
U)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ANTHRACENE
I
U)
Raw wastewater
Number
of
Industry samples
Auto and Other Laundries (a) (h)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing (h)
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (i)
Co i 1 Coating ( j )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d) (j)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Text! le Mi 1 Is (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing (h)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a ) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Data presented are for anthracene/phenanthrene
(i) Detections may include values less than 5 M9/L_
(j) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 u.g/L.
22
46
9
18
5
13
78
3
53
124
15
75
33
23
3
21
16
71
12
Number
of
detections
9
0
3
9
4
7
24
1
16
94
5
14
0
NA
2
2
2
4
10
I.I Introduction for add
.
.
Detected
Min imum
0.9
<10
8.0
28
ND
0.0
<3.0
ND
0.0
ND
NA
<1 0
660
ND
1.0
10
concentrat ions
Maximum
470
16,000
130
<1, 100
30
290
<1 0
<470
2,000
5.0
3,000
NA
16
1,800
5.0
12
39,000
, US/L_
Mean
<100
<5,400
<63
<350
<10
36
<87
120
2.8
38
340
<1 3
1,200
1.0
4.0
8,800
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
03
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ANTHRACENE
NJ
00
Treated wastewater
Number
of
Industry samples
Auto and Other Laundries (a) (h)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing (h)
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa ting ( i )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petro leum' Refining (b)
Pulp and Paper-board Mills (g)
Text i 1 e M i 1 1 s ( b ) ( f )
Timber Products Processing (h)
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See Section 1
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 M-g/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Data presented are for anthracene/phenanthrene.
(i) Reference reports 0.0 u,g/L for detections less
detection limit 10 M-g/L.
5
51
6
6
21
16
53
11
60
28
23
1
21
16
66
9
Number
of
detect ions
5
0
3
4
8
13
12
2
10
0
NA
1
0
1
9
9
.1 Introduction for add
than
Detected
Mini mum
2.0
<10
1.4
<1.0
0.0
<4.0
0.5
ND
NA
ND
1.0
10
concentrat ions
Maxi mum
66
10
<10
41,000
15
<3,200
5.0
140
NA
<10
1.0
4.0
37,000
. uq/L
Mean
<20
<10
<6.2
<5,200
2.0
<280
2.8
5.7
6.0
0.33
1.0
4,400
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
1 — '
o
1 — '
1
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu la r
Chemica 1 Oxidat ion
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum (a )
- 1 i me
-sodium hydroxide
-unspecified (a)
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 rat ion
Flotation (a)
Oi 1 Separat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
5
2
1
9
3
1
1 1
1
1
5 4
5
1
4
1 3
1
Range of
remova 1 . %
50 - 98*
98*
NM
92* - >99
NM
NM
50
NM
NM
0-70
45 - >98
>99
77 - 99*
0-73
NM
ANTHRACENE
Range of
effluent
cone. , uq/L
BDL - 0.4
BDL - 0.4
BDL
ND - BDL
ND - BDL
BDL
ND - 0.1
ND
0.01
ND - 3,200
0.2 - 600
ND
BDL - 0.7
BDL - 40
500
Vo I ume I I
sect ion
number
I I 1 .3.
I I I .3.
I I I. 3.
I I I .3.
I I I .3.
I I I .3.
I I I .3.
I I 1.3.1
I I I .3. 1
1 1 1 .3. 1
I I I .3. 1
I I I .3.
I
1.1
1 .2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.16
.18
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value;
(a) Data presented are for anthracene/phenanthrene.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.11-6
-------
Compound: Chrysene
Formula:
Alternate Names; 1,2-Benzophenanthrene;
Benzo(a)phenanthrene;
1,2,5,6-Dibenzonaphthalene
CAS tt; 218-01-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7]:
molecular weight: 228.3
melting point, °C: 256
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 448
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 10'11 - 10'6*
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.002
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.61
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: Not included
^Estimated, based on data for structurally similar compounds.
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Very little specific data, but photolysis may claim some
dissolved chrysene
oxidation: Chlorine and/or ozone in sufficient quantities may oxidize
dissolved chrysene
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably too slow to compete with adsorption as a transport
process
sorption: Adsorption onto suspended solids and sediment is the dominant
transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization; poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) are degraded in
the environment; PAH's with four or more aromatic
rings degrade slowly with long half-lives
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.12-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.12-2
-------
a
n-
a>
i—'
N3
00
U)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHRYSENE
N3
I
U)
Raw wastewater
Number Number
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coat ing (g )
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
the number of samples, not detections
(g) Reference reports 0.0 u,g/L for detect
than detection limit 10 ug/L.
of
samo
1
46
15
18
5
78
53
9
15
70
33
8
1
21
12
Sect ion 1.1
on
,
ions less
of
les detections
0
0
13
0
3
7
11
6
2
11
0
NA
1
4
12
Introduction for add
Detected
M i n imum
1
<10
0.0
<10
ND
1.0
ND
NA
<10
0.1
10
concentrat ions
Maximum
810
360
30
<13,000
73
350
10,000
NA
20
4,700
, ua/k_
Mean
<160
<130
9.0
<2,500
13
170
160
390
6.6
630
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
CD
rt
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHRYSENE
oo
u>
I
•t-
Treated wastewater
Number
of
Number
of Detected concentrations. uq/L
Industry samples detections Minimum Maximum
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating (g)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 .ug/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
detection limit 10 |ig/L.
(h) Mean is not representative of all subcategor ies
to lack of data.
1
51
15 «
25
16
53
7
55
28
4
1
21
9
.1 Introduct
than
due
0
0
13
2
8
10
U
1
0
NA
0
4
9
ion
3.0 410
<3.0 10
0.0 3.0
<10 19
0.5 1.0
ND 1UO
NA NA
<0. 1 1.4
10 1,900
for additional information.
Mean
<52
<6.5
0.38
<1 2
0.75
3.7
10
<0.65
250
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
1— '
o
1— '
1
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
Treatment process
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
- 1 ime
-sodium hydroxide
-unspec if ied
Oi 1 Separation
Sed imentat ion
Solvent Extraction
Ul traf i 1 1 rat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
1
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
Range of
remova 1 . %
99
NM
80*
>99
>9
0 - >99
67
NM
NM
CHRYSENE
Range of
effluent
cone.. uq/L
10
ND - ND
BDL
ND
<10
ND - 19
95
ND
100
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1.3.
1
1.3
.14
.18
.20
.21
2.1
^ BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.12-6
-------
Compound: Fluoranthene
Formula:
Alternate Names; 1,2-Benzacenaphthlene;
Benzo(j,k)fluorene;
Idryl
CAS ft; 206-44-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7] :
molecular weight: 202.3
melting point, °C: 111
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 375
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 10"6 - 10~4*
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.26
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.33 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.13-5 (also page 1.10.2-5)
^Estimated, based on data for structurally similar compounds.
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Insufficient data, but photolysis may be very important
oxidation: Chlorine and/or ozone in sufficient quantities may oxidize
fluoranthene
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Not an important transport process
sorption: Adsorption onto suspended solids and sediments is probably the
dominant transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization;
biodegradation is an important fate
other reactions/interactions.- Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.13-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Fluoranthene (l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
5.3
664
0.61
0.88
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
6.0
0.01
24
2.2
0.001
100
9.9
0.9
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
o
m
oc
<
o
E
o>
Q
U4
m
cc
o
CO
o
<
O)
E
2
X
JUU
100
10
1.0
0.0
s
s
f
I
r - -
I
•
I J*r
.. m
x
.
'''
0001 0.0001 0.001
^s
x^
, •
s
• pH=5.3
0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. (C^, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD'. Solvent Extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.10.13-2
-------
o
03
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF FLUORANTHENE
oo
U)
o
•
h-•
OJ
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coa ting ( g )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 |ig/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
of
of
samples detect
2
U9
20
18
1
78
28
53
17
7
75
32
12
1
21
7
12
1 . 1
1
5
17
1
1
7
1
21
13
2
12
0
NA
1
2
2
12
Introduction
Detected
ions Minimum
3.0
3
0.0
2.0
ND
3.7
ND
NA
3.0
ND
10
concentrations, u
Maximum
0.3
11
16,000 <1,
2.0
18
68
<10
<390
55,000 3,
5.0
3,000
NA 1,
<1 0
8.0
7.0
35,000 5,
q/L
Mean
6.0
300
18
<60
700
u.u
390
300
5.5
1.5
700
for additional information.
(g) Reference reports 0.0 |ig/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 |ig/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
fu
rt
(D
M
ho
00
UJ
l-t
M
o
M
j.
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF FLUORANTHENE
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating ( f )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (d)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
2
53
26
6
16
53
60
28
11
21
7
61
9
Number
of
detect ions
2
1
2k
1
H
22
6
0
NA
1
1
2
9
Detected
M i n imum
O.k
<3.0
0.0
6.0
ND
NA
ND
1.0
10
concentrat
Maximum
<10
3.0
860
10
0.0
U80
200
NA
<0.1
1.0
1.0
17,000
ions. uq/L
Mean
<5.2
<84
0.0
<45
13
16
0.5
1.0
2,100
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Detections >10 ng/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Reference reports 0.0 |ag/L for detections less than
detection limit 10 Mg/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
i — i
i — '
o
OJ
i
Ln
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR FLUORANTHENE
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-g ranu 1 a r
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
- 1 ime
-unspec i f i ed
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 ra t i o n
F 1 ota t i on
Reve rse Osmos i s
Sed imentat ion
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
P i 1 ot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
2
1
1
2
1
1
2 2
2
2
1 5
1
1
Range of
Range of effluent
removal, % cone.. uq/L
88* - 95* BDL - BDL
50 0.1
99* BDL
NM ND - BDL
>99 ND
>99 ND
20 - 50 0.05 - 93
NM 0.5 - <10
75* _ 97* BDL - BDL
6U - >99 ND - 33
U9 500
NM BDL
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I I . 3. 1 . 1
I I I . 3. 1 .2
1 1 1 .3. 1.3
1 1 1 .3. 1.5
I I I .3.1 .9
I I I .3. 1 . 10
I I I .3. 1 . 16
I I I .3. 1 . 18
I I I .3.1 .20
I I I .3.2. 1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to fluoranthene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for fluoranthene indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 3,980 yg/L
and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive
than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of
fluoranthene to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for fluoranthene indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as
40 and 16 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of
fluoranthene ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 42 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of fluoran-
thene ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 54 yg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.10.13-6
-------
Compound; Fluorene
Formula:
Alternate Names: 2,3-Benzidene;
Diphenylenemethane
CAS tt; 86-73-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 166.2
melting point, °C: 116-117
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 293-295 (slight decomposition)
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 10"3 - 10"2*
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 1.98
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.18 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 0.117 x 10'3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: Not included
^Estimated, based on data for structurally similar compounds
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Inconclusive data,- photolysis may be important, but is probably
impeded by adsorption
oxidation: Chlorine and/or ozone in sufficient quantities may oxidize
fluorene
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably not an important transport process
sorption: Adsorption onto particles, biota, and sediments is probably the
dominant transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization and
biodegradation are important fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.14-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Fiuorene u-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
330
0.28
0.94
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L.
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
5.3
0.01
11
1.0
0.001
22
2.1
0.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1U.UUUI
CARBON
b
§
g ADSORBED/gm
o
0
E
2
-v
X
10
J-*»
~"~ '
^«
-
1 1
.•"
**•
^
I
I •
.•-"
»-^
-*--
,1
. . •*•*
1
«--
*
• pH = 5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.10.14-2
-------
o
rt
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF FLUORENE
oo
U)
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating (h)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing (i)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( f )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
samples
1
49
11
18
U
78
53
15
7
64
33
19
1
21
1
68
Number
of
detections
0
5
8
1
3
9
17
12
0
8
1
NA
1
3
1
3
1.1 Introduction for add
Detected
Mini mum
1.0
<10
HO
0.0
3.0
ND
ND
NA
110
1.0
concentrations.
Maximum
UU
2,500
<10
450
85
800
760
94
10
NA
<10
500
<2,000
15
M2/]_
Mean
14
<530
190
5.5
<100
95
7.2
120
290
7
itional information.
(h) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 ug/L.
(i) Interference during analysis may cause value
to be high.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paper-board Mills.
-------
o
pi
rt
(D
K>
*^
00
OJ
M
I— i
O
M
1
INDUSTRIAL
OCCURRENCE OF
FLUORENE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi I Coating ( f )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing (g)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samp les
1
53
9
20
16
53
48
28
17
1
21
1
9
Number
of
detections
1
1
8
8
8
13
3
1
NA
0
0
1
9
Detected
Mini mum
<3.0
<3.0
0.0
5.0
ND
NA
10
concentrat ions,
Maximum
1U
1.0
190
330
3.3
10,000
100
10
NA
<12
16,000 1
UQ/L
Mean
<36
10 jig/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for detections less than
detection limit 10 ug/L.
(g) Interference during analysis may cause value to be high.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
tf
Co
K3
00
U)
M
1—*
o
1—*
1
Vjl
i \si_i_w i riii i i^i_rivsvm.»ii_i i if i i\ i_ri i riL
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
- 1 i me
-sodium hydroxide
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Sed imentation
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
jii—i i i rmvjii_rmii_i\ ii\i_nii*ii_ni r
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
1
3
1
1
1 1
1
1
6
1
2
1 1_ 1 l_ 1 \ I1/-~V 1 1 V l_ IVSIX
Range of
remova 1 . %
NM
99*
>99
94*
NM
NM
NM
>99
40 - >99
75
>99 - >99
i i_w vsix i_ 11 1_
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL
BDL
ND - 1.0
BDL
BDL
0.05 - 10,000
14
ND
ND - 12
190
ND - ND
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.
II 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1.3.
1
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.18
.20
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.14-6
-------
Compound; Naphthalene
Formula:
OIOJ
Alternate Names; Moth balls;
Naphthene;
Tar camphor
CAS tt; 9-120-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7, 1-10, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 128.2
melting point, °C: 80.6
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 218 (starts to sublime above melting point)
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.0492
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 34.4
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.37
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.6 x 10"4 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.10.15-5 (also page 1.10.2-5)
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Relatively high solubility could make photooxidation an important
fate; data inconclusive
oxidation: Chlorine and/or ozone in sufficient quantities may oxidize
naphthalene
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Volatilization can occur but it is too slow to compete
with adsorption
sorption: Relatively low partition coefficient makes adsorption less dominant
but sorption is still a competitive transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization and
biodegradation are the ultimate fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.15-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Naphthalene (l-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
5.6
132
0.42
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION CaD
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
18
0.01
52
4.7
0.001
140
13
1.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.6
0.01
ANALYTICAL METHOD:
CARBON
— c
0 C
o c
0 C
g ADSORBED/grr
o
o
E
2
X
10
. •
• — "^
^n^' B
j--^
•
!-^
^\
m
\
i
i*>
^
. . -^
m pH = 5.6
0.1 1.0 10
RESIDUAL CONC. (C^), mg/L
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 275.5 nm.
100
Date: 10/8/82
1.10.15-2
-------
a
OJ
N3
CD
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF NAPHTHALENE
I
OJ
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Coi 1 Coating ( i )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing (j)
Texti le Mills (b) (f }
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5
(i) Reference reports 0.0 ng/L for detections
than detection limit 10 u.g/L.
(j) Interference during analysis may cause va 1
of
same
24
49
11
18
4
30
78
28
53
131
25
64
33
24
28
21
52
1
76
12
i on 1.1
"9/L.
less
of
les detections
15
10
6
12
3
19
22
12
15
101
20
8
1
NA
12
10
17
1
HH
12
Introduction for add
Detected concentrations. u.q/L
Mini mum
<0.007
2.0
540
5.0
10
ND
0.0
6.0
4.0
ND 2.
0.12
ND
NA
<5.0
68
ND
1 .
1.0
10
itional informat
Maximum
4,800
410
29,000
67
380
20
38
1,500
3,300
6 x 10E5
10
5,000
12
NA
9,000
3,800
230
0 x 10E5
2,100
45,000
ion.
Mean
<1,100
75
16,000
<28
180
8.0
4.6
<180
<250
15,000
3.9
110
1,100
<1,100
1,100
36
220
<12,000
ue to be high.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
p
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF NAPHTHALENE
oo
U>
Treated wastewater
Number
of
Number
of Detected concentrations. uq/L
Industry samples detections Minimum Maximum
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating ( h)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing (i)
Text! le Mi 1 Is (b) (f )
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
detection limit 10 ug/L.
(i) Interference during analysis may cause value to
7
53
9
6
20
16
53
6
55
28
18
19
21
52
1
94
9
.1 Introduct
than
be high.
7
4
7
3
9
7
16
4
3
0
NA
7
1
5
1
15
9
ion
0.9
3.0
<3.0 5,
2.3
<3.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
ND
NA
<5.0 1,
ND
1.0
10 36,
for additional information
840
14
900
15
210
1.7
270
1.0
930
NA
300
0.1
88
<44
260
000
.
Mean
390
10
<1 , 100
8.6
<59
0.31
<28
1.0
17
19
<200
6.0
25
4,200
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
a
(U
rt
00
LO
M
t— •
o
Oi
1
POLLUTANT REMOVABI L 1 TY/TREATABI
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
-powdered
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
-1 ime
-sodium hydroxide
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Flotat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Solvent Extraction
Ul traf i It rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
-non-aerated
Tr ickl ing Fi 1 ters
LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
1
1
3
7
3
1
1
1
6
9
1
4
1
2
26
1
1
1
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
remova I . %
51
98*
97*
>33 - 86
NM
86*
NM
NM
NM
83 - >99
33 - >99
99*
>99
NM
NM
2 - >99
>99
>99
NM
NAPHTHALENE
Range of
effluent
cone., uq/L
78
5.0
BDL
8 - 1,300
ND - BDL
BDL - 1.0
BDL
ND
BDL
ND - 160
ND - 8UO
BDL
ND - <55
5,900
<3U - 66
ND - 260
ND
ND
55
Vo I ume I I
section
number
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
I I I
III.
III.
III.
III.
III.
I I I
I I I
I I I
.3.
.3.
.3.
.3.
.3.
.3.
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.1
.3.
.3.
.3.
I
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.U
1.5
1.9
.10
.16
.18
.20
.21
2.1
2.2
2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to naphthalene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for naphthalene indicate that acute and chronic toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 2,300 and 620 yg/L,
respectively, -and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are
more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for naphthalene indicate that acute toxicity to salt-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 2,350 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of naphthalene
to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for naphthalene.
Date: 9/25/81 1.10.15-6
-------
Compound: Phenanthrene
Formula:
:oAo;
Alternate Names; Phenanthrin
CAS tt; 85-01-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7, 1-28]:.
molecular weight: 178.2
melting point °C: 101
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 340
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 6.8 x 10"4
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 1.29
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.46
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.08 x 10'4 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Data inconclusive; photolysis is probably greatly hindered by
strong adsorption
oxidation: Chlorine and/or ozone in sufficient quantities may oxidize
phenanthrene
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Volatilization can occur but it is too slow to compete
with adsorption
sorption: Probably the dominant transport process; organic particulates
preferred
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization and
biodegradation are the principal fates
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.16-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Phenanthrene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
215
0.44
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (aD
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
34
3.1
0.001
95
9.4
0.9
CaD Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
0.0001
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
_j
— o c
0 0 C
E
2
"X
X
1.0
^
•-*
••'
1
,. -
•^
•
^
s
"* "
-^f-
•
• pH=5.3
0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. (C^), mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent Extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
I.10.1&-2
-------
o
0:
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF PHENANTHRENE
00
LO
I
OJ
Number
of
Industry samples
Auto and Other Laundries (a) (h)
Coa 1 Min ing ( b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing (h)
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (j)
Coi 1 Coating ( k)
Electrica 1 /Electron ic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d) (k)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a) (i)
Text! le Mills (b) (f )
Timber Products Processing (h)
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 (ig/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
22
46
18
5
13
78
3
53
122
15
75
33
21
3
21
3
68
12
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations, [jig/L
detections Minimum
9
1
9
4
7
24
1
16
93
5
14
0
NA
2
2
3
2
10
1.1 I ntroduct ion
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the number of
(h) Data presented are for anthracene/phenanthrene
,
samp les.
0.9
8.0
28
NO
0.0
<3.0
ND
0.0
ND
NA
<5.0
660
0.4
1.0
10
for additional informat
not detections.
Maximum
470
12
130
<1,100
30
290
<10
<470
2,000
5.0
3,000
NA
<10
1,800
27
12
39,000
ion.
Mean
<100
<63
<350
<10
26
<87
150
2.8
46
1,500
<7.5
1,200
9.7
7.0
8,800
(i) Data presented are for phenanthrene/tr ich loroethy lene.
(j) Detections may include values less than 5 ng/L
(k) Reference reports 0.0 ng/L for detections less
,
than detection I
i m i t 10 (ig / L .
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
CD
rt
to
03
U)
M
I— '
o
i.
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
OF PHENANTHRENE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a) (h)
Coal Mining (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing (h)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating ( i )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( f )
Timber Products Processing (h)
Number
of
samples
5
51
6
25
16
53
11
60
28
26
1
21
63
9
Number
of
detect ions
5
1
4
10
13
12
2
5
0
NA
1
0
1
9
Detected
Mini mum
2.0
1.4
<1 .0 1
0.0
<4.0
0.5
ND
NA
10
concentrat
Maximum
66
3.0
<10
.1 x 10E5
15
<3,200
5.0
140
NA
12
1.0
37,000
ions, uq/L
Mean
<20
<6.2
<15,000
2.0
<280
2.8
11
7.2
4,400
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Data presented are for anthracene/phenanthrene.
(i) Reference reports 0.0 u,g/L for detections less than
detection limit 10 pg/l.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperbo'ard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
I—1
0
1— •
ON
1
Ui
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR PHENANTHRENE
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu lar
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn (a )
- 1 ime
-sodium hydroxide
-unspecified (a)
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
Chemical Reduction
Fi It rat ion
Flotation (a)
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed i mentation
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Ful 1 sea le
2
1
7
3
1
1
1
1 U
5
1
1
5
1
1
Range of
remova I . %
98* - 99*
NM
92* - >99
NM
NM
NM
>99
67
45 - >98
>99
99*
0
66
NM
Range of
effluent
cone.. uq/L
BDL - BDL
BDL
ND - BDL
ND - BDL
BDL
ND
ND
ND - 3,200
0.2 - 600
ND
BDL
BDL - 40
280
BDL
Vo 1 ume 1 1
section
number
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
I I 1.3.1
I I I .3. 1
I I I .3. 1
I I I .3.1
I I 1.3.1
I I I .3.
1
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.U
1.9
.10
.11*
.16
.18
.20
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value;
(a) Data presented are for-anthracene/phenanthrene.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.16-6
-------
Compound: Pyrene
Formula:
Alternate Names: Benzo(d,e,f)phenanthrene
CAS ft; 129-00-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7] :
molecular weight: 202
melting point, °C: 150
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 393
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 6.85 x 10"7
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.14
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.32 (calculated)
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7]-.
photolysis: Low solubility probably hinders photolysis; relatively
unimportant fate
oxidation: Chlorine and/or ozone in sufficient quantities can oxidize
dissolved pyrene
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably not as important as adsorption as a transport
process; rate uncertain
sorption: Adsorption onto suspended particles, biota, and sediment is
probably the dominant transport process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation accompanied by metabolization;
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) are degraded
in tne environment; PAH's with four or more aromatic
rings degrade slowly with long half-lives
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.10.17-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.17-2
-------
o
02
NS
00
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF PYRENE
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Co i 1 Coat ing ( i )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing (j)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
of
of
samples detections
2
49
20
18
5
13
78
2
53
7
7
78
33
18
21
3
1
71
12
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5
(i) Reference reports 0.0 U9/L for detections
than detection limit 10 jig/L.
(j) Interference during analysis may cause va
H9/L.
less
I ue to be
1
6
18
1
3
5
1
0
22
6
3
11
0
NA
3
1
1
1
12
Introduction for add
h igh.
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Mini mum
1.0
3.0
20
ND
0.0
6.0
ND
5.0
ND
NA
5.0
ND
10
itional informat
Maximum
0.3
25
15,000
1 .0
98
<10
11
<1 , 1 00
190
5.5
7,000
NA
16
6.0
6,700
1.0
22,000
ion.
Mean
9.0
<1 , 100
40
<10
5.5
<83
57
5.2
130
540
11
2.0
3,900
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF PYRENE
(D
M
ho
-O
CO
(*>
M
0
"b
.0
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coat ing ( f )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills
Rubber Processing (g)
Textile Mil Is (b) (d)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
1
53
21
25
16
53
59
28
17
21
3
1
65
9
Number
of
detect ions
1
1
18
10
5
21
7
0
NA
3
0
1
7
9
Detected concentrat
Minimum Maximum
0.3
2.0
3.0 1,100
<0.3 U1
0.0 0.0
<10 3,200
ND 180
NA NA
<0.1 7.0
<1U
1.0 1.0
10 9,400
ions. UQ/L
Mean
<110
<9.6
0.0
<190
11
30
<2.5
1.0
1,200
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less than
detection limit 10 ug/L.
(g) Interference during analysis may cause value to be high.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
G
ta
rt
(D
ho
•P-
^5 POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR PYRENE
u
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
- 1 ime
-unspec i f ied
M
Coagulation and Flocculation
o
Fi 1 1 rat ion
^ Flotation
Ul
Oi 1 Sepa ration
Reverse Osmosis
Sedimentation
Ultraf i Itration
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
2
1
1
1
1
1
2 2
2
1
2
1 7
1
5
Range of
Range of effluent
removal. % cone.. uq/L
95* - 98* BDL - BDL
67 0.1
91* BDL
90 1.0
>99 NO
NM BDL
0-10 0.09 - 3,200
0 0.3 - 18
>99 ND
99* _ >99* BDL - BDL
15 - >99 ND - 21
NM ND
78 BDL - 0.3
Vo I ume 1 1
section
number
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.1
I 1 1 .3.1
I I 1.3.1
I 1 1.3.1
I I I .3.1
1 I I .3.
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
•\.5
1.9
.10
.14
.16
.18
.21
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.10.17-6
-------
Compound: Aroclor 1016
Formula: A mixture of mono, di, and trichloro isomers of the
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). Approximately 41% chlorine
by weight
Alternate Names; None
CAS ft; Not assigned
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-19, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 257.9*
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 325-356
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 4 x 10"4 (estimated)
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 0.42
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.38
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.8 x 10'4 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.11.1-5
^Average.
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Too slow to be important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Slow volatilization is the cause of global distribution of
PCB's, but is inhibited by adsorption
sorption: PCB's are rapidly adsorbed onto solids, especially organic matter,
and are often immobilized in sediments, but may reenter solution
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation; mono-, di- and tri-chlorinated
biphenyls are gradually biodegraded. Increasing re-
sistance to biodegradation with increasing chlorine
content
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.11.1-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.11.1-2
-------
ft
(D
1/24/83
M
t — '
l — '
1
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (c)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additions
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Includes data for Aroclor 1016, 1232,
Number
of
samples
46
25
53
7
9
17
I information.
1248, and 1260.
AROCLOR 1016
Number
of
detect ions
0
11
17
0
0
6
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations. iig/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
0.06 20 2.4
<5 830 <160
1.8 <10 <7.3
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
«B
NJ
00
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF AROCLOR 1016
Treated wastewater
M
M
1
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
49
6
53
6
17
Number
of
detections
0
4
13
0
4
Detected
Mini mum
1.0
<5.0
<10
concentrat ions.
Maximum
5.3
480
<10
Mean
2.2
<58
<10
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Includes data for Aroclor 1016, 1232, 1248, and 1260.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR AROCLOR 1016
i-i
t— '
•
t— '
1
Ln
Treatment process
Coagulation and Flocculat ion
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Ul traf i 1 1 rat ion
BDL, below detection limit; NM,
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
1
1
2
1
not meaningful; *approximate value.
Range of
remova I , %
NM
16
NM
98
99*
Range of
eff I uent
cone. , uq/L
BDL
480
7.9
BDL - 8.0
BDL
V'o 1 time 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1 . 3 .
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.1
I I 1.3.1
1 1 1 .3. 1
1
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.21
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to polychlorinated biphenyls.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For polychlorinated biphenyls the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 0.014 yg/L as a 24-hour average. The
available data indicate that acute toxicity to freshwater aquatic life probably
will only occur at concentrations above 2.0 yg/L and that the 24-hour average
should provide adequate protection against acute toxicity.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For polychlorinated biphenyls the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 0.030 yg/L as a 24-hour average. The
available data indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic life probably
will only occur at concentrations above 10 yg/L and that the 24-hour average
should provide adequate protection against acute toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of PCBs through ingestion of contaminated water
and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration should be
zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical. [There is no
recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However, zero level
may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may
result in incremental increase -of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated
at 10~5, 10~6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a proba-
bility of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 0.79 ng/1, 0.079 ng/1, and 0.0079 ng/1, respec-
tively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms
only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 0.79 ng/1, 0.079 ng/1,
and 0.0079 ng/1, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.11.1-6
-------
Compound; Aroclor 1221
Formula: A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls which is approximately
21% chlorine by weight
Alternate Names; None
Cas ft; 111-042-82
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-19, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 200.7*
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 275-320
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 6.7 x 10~3 (estimated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 15 (estimated)
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.8 (estimated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.24 x 10~4 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability.- D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.11.1-5
^Average.
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: Too slow to be important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Slow volatilization distributes PCB's globally, but is
inhibited by adsorption
sorption: PCB's are rapidly adsorbed onto solids, especially organic matter,
and are often immobilized in sediment, but may reenter solution
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation; mono-, di-, and tri-chlorinated
biphenyls are gradually biodegraded. Increasing re-
sistance to biodegradation with increasing chlorine
content
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.11.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Arocior 1221 (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
242
0.70
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
19
0.01
100
9.3
0.001
520
52
5.7
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
l.UUU
z
o
CD
cr
" 100
01
Q
ill
CO
cc
o
CO
Q
« 10
E
2
-^
X
1.0
/
t
i
/
/
/
/*
m
/
/
S
*
£ J
^
^
/
, • •
,•'
/
• pM=5.3
/
s
f
0.0001
ANALYTICAL METHOD:
0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONC. CCf). mg/L
Solvent extraction - G.C.
1.0
Date: 10/8/82
1.11.2-2
-------
rt
(D
1/24/83
1
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (c)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
NDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samp les
46
19
53
7
9
17
OF AROCLOR 1221
Number
of
detect ions
0
11
16
0
0
5
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations. (jiq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
0.09 16 2.1
3.0 1,UOO <260
0.1 <10 <8.0
t~* See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
t-o
i
w
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Includes data for Aroclor 1221,
12U2, and 125U.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
rt
n>
N5
.p-
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF AROCLOR 1221
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Coal Mining (a)
I~H
M Aluminum Forming
Jo Foundries (b)
*" Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samp les
49
8
53
6
17
Number
of
detect ions
0
7
21
0
5
Detected
Mini mum
0.5
<5.0
<5.0
concent rat ions.
Maximum
6.1
650
<10
Mean
1.8
-------
o
p
rt
h- *
t-o
00
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR AROCLOR 1221
Range of
Number of data points Range of effluent
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale removal, % cone., uq/L
Coagulation and Flocculation 1 NM BDL
Fi 1 trat ion 1 20 650
Oil Separation 2 97 BDL - 6.0
I""1 BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful.
i — *
S3
1
Oi
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.1.5
I I 1.3.1.9
I I I . 3. 1 . 14
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.11.2-6
-------
Compound; Aroclor 1232
Formula; A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls which is approximately
32% chlorine by weight
Alternate Names: None
CAS tt: 111-411-65
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-28]:
molrcular weight: 232.2*
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 290-325
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 4.06 x 10'3 (estimated)
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 1.45 (estimated)
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.2 (estimated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 8.64 x 10"* atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.11.1-5
*Average.
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Too slow to be important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Slow volatilization distributes PCB's globally, but is
inhibited by adsorption
sorption: PCB's are rapidly adsorbed onto solids, especially organic matter,
and are often immobilized in sediment, but may reenter solution
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation, mono-, di-, and tri-chlorinated
biphenyls are gradually biodegraded. Increasing re-
sistance to biodegradation with increasing chlorine
content
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.11.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Arocior 1232 (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
630
0.73
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
7.7
0.01
45
4.1
0.001
240
24
2.2
(a] Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
I.UUU
CARBON
0
0
g ADSORBED/grr
o
E
5
*^
X
1.0
/
/
/
I
*
\
S
i
, '
1
s
s
1 1
^_
i
K"
1
s
*
s
S
/
S
f
s
«
\'
/*
s
1
X
• pH=5.3
0.0001
0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf). mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.11.3-2
-------
*
A
• •
1/24/83
t— i
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (c)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
sa moles
t6
U
53
(b) 7
9
17
AROCLOR 1232
Raw wastewater
Numbe r
of Detected concentrations. ua/L
detections Minimum Maximum Mean
0
2 1.U 3.2 2.3
17 <5.0 830 <160
0
0
6 0.5 <10 <6.9
1
LO
£ See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Includes data for Aroclor 1016, 1232, 1248, and 1260.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
to
-P-
oo
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF AROCLOR 1232
Treated wastewater
M
*
I-1
I-"
u>
1
.p-
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
49
6
53
6
17
Number
of
detect ions
0
3
13
0
4
Detected
Mini mum
1.2
<5.0
<10
concentrat ions.
Maximum
360
480
<10
Mean
120
<58
<10
See Section 1.1 Introduction for add itionaI information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Includes data for Aroclor 1016, 1232, 1248, and 1260.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(U
rt
-O-
00
M
*
1
Ul
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE
Number of data points Range of
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale removal.
Coagulation and Flocculation 1 NM
Fi It rat ion 1 16
Oil Separation 2 98
Ultraf i Itration 1 99*
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
FOR AROCLAR 1232
Range of
ef f I uent
% cone. . uq/L
BDL
H8Q
BDL - 8.0
BDL
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.1.5
I I 1.3.1.9
I I I . 3 . 1 . 1 U
I I I .3.1.21
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.11.3-6
-------
Compound -. Aroclor 1242
Formula; A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls which is approximately 42%
chlorine by weight
Alternate Names: None
CAS tt; 534-692-19
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-19] :
molecular weight: 266.5*
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 325-366
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 4.06 x 10'4
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.24
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.11
Henry's law constant (25°C): 5.7 x 10~4 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.11.1-5
^Average.
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Inhibited by presence of oxygen, but possibly the only
degradative pathway for highly chlorinated PCB's
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Slow volatilization causes global dispersion of PCB's, but-
is inhibited by adsorption
sorption: PCB's are rapidly adsorbed onto solids, especially organic matter,
and are often immobilized in sediment, but may reenter solution
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation; mono-, di-, and tri-chlorinated
biphenyls are gradually biodegraded. Increasing re-
sistence to biodegradation with increasing chlorine
content
other reactions/interactions.- Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.11.4-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.11.4-2
-------
0
(U
rt
; 1/24/83
M
1— •
1— •
1
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (d)
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) ( c )
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
46
3
53
15
33
3
17
3
50
AROCLOR 1242
Number
of
detections
0
1
16
6
0
NA
8
1
1
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
U.5
3.0 1,400
0.01 1.2
NA NA
0.2 <10
NO 9.9
1.0
uq/L
Mean
<260
0.58
10
<5.9
3.0
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Includes data for Aroclor 1221, 1242, and 125U.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
(a
ft
to
00
U)
INDUSTRIAL
OCCURRENCE OF
AROCLOR 1242
Treated wastewater
M
E
-P-
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (c)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills
Number
of
samp les
49
7
53
8
28
3
17
3
Number
of
detections
0
3
21
4
0
NA
4
0
Detected
Mini mum
1.3
<5.0
0.28
NA
<10
concentrat ions.
Maximum
110
650
0.5
NA
<10
Mean
38
<49
0.39
6.7
<10
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Includes data for Aroclor 1221, 1242, and 125U.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
(u
N>
00
UJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR AROCLOR 12U2
Number of data points Ranqe of
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
Coagulation and Flocculation 1 NM
Filtration 1 20
Flotation 1 0
• Oil Separation 2 97
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL
650
0.5
BDL - 6.0
Vo 1 ume 1 1
section
number
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1
1.5
1.9
.10
.It
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful.
I
Ln
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.11.4-6
-------
Compound: Aroclor 1248
Formula-. A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls which is
approximately 48% chlorine by weight
Alternate Names: None
CAS ft; 126-722-96
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2]:
molecular weight: 299.5*
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 340-375
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 4.94 x lO'4
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.054
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.75 (estimated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.5 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.11.1-5
^Average.
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: _Inhibited by presence of oxygen, but possibly the only
'degradative pathway for highly chlorinated PCB's
oxidation: Stable to oxidation
hydrolysis: Stable to hydrolysis
volatilization: Slow volatilization may be the cause of global dispersion of
PCB's, but volatility is inhibited by adsorption
sorption: PCB's are rapidly adsorbed onto solids, especially with high organic
content, and are often immobilized in sediment, but may reenter
solution
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation: PCB's with high chlorine
content are resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.11.5-1
-------
.RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.11.5-2
-------
a
(D
1/24/83
M
t— »
t— •
1
LO
INDUSTRIAL
1 ndustry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (e)
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (d) •
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
46
5
53
4
7
73
9
3
17
30
AROCLOR 1248
Number
of
detections
0
4
17
3
0
1
0
NA
4
6
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
0.16 65
<5.0 830
ND 1,800
ND 32
NA NA
ND 10
Mean
25
<160
650
0.74
4.0
2.2
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Includes data for Aroclor 1016, 1232, 1248, and 1260.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
CD
oo
OJ
INDUSTRIAL
OCCURRENCE
OF AROCLOR 1248
Treated wastewater
H
1— '
1
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (c)
Numbe r
of
samples
49
12
53
53
6
3
17
21
Number
of
detections
0
4
13
0
0
NA
4
2
Detected
Minimum
1.0
<5.0
ND
NA
<10
ND
concentrat ions.
Maximum
160
480
7.0
NA
<10
<1.0
Mean
43
<58
0.62
0.01
<10
0.33
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the
number of samples, not detections.
(d) Includes data for Aroclor 1016, 1232, 1248, and 1260.
(e) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
D>
rt
NJ
OO
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE
Number of data points Range of
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale removal.
Coagulation and Flocculation 1 NM
Filtration 1 16
Oi I Separation 2 98
^ Ultraf i Itration 1 99*
FOR AROCLOR 12U8
Range of
effluent
% cone.. uq/L
BDL
U80
BDL - 8.0
BDL
Vo 1 ume 1 1
section
number
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1
1.5
1.9
.1U
.21
Ul
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.11.5-6
-------
Compound: Aroclor 1254
Formula; A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls which is
approximately 54% chlorine by weight
Alternate Names,: None
CAS ft; 110-976-91
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-15, 1-19]
molecular weight: 328.4*
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 365-390
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 7.71 x 10"5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.012
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 6.03 (estimated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 8.37 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.11.1-5
^Average.
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: Suppressed by presence of oxygen, but possibly the only
degradative mechanism for highly chlorinated PCB's
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Slow volatilization distributes PCB's globally, but is
inhibited by adsorption
sorption: PCB's are rapidly adsorbed onto solids, especially organic matter,
and are often immobilized in sediment, but may reenter solution
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation: essentially non-biodegradable
because of highly chlorinated isomer content
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.11.6-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Arocior 1254 (i-s, 1-16):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
Not reported
65.4
0.60
0.92
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION fa)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
55
0.01
240
22
0.001
964
96
8.6
100I
CARBON
o
g ADSORBED/gm
b
E
2
•~,
X
0.1
/
s
i
/
/
s
1
s
t '
•
^
y
'
— —
S"
.
**
/
s
?
• pH not reported
0.0001
0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONC. CCjJ, mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Not Specified
Date: 1/24/83
1.11.6-2
-------
O
0)
l-o
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF AROCLOR 125U
^T Raw wastewater
CO
U)
r
i — '
i — *
'a\
I
LO
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (e)
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and- Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (d)
Number
of
samples
U6
H
53
1
7
75
33
2
17
87
Number
of
detect ions
0
3
16
3
1
1
0
NA
U
20
Detected
Min imum
0.29
3.0
ND
ND
NA
<10
ND
concent rat ions.
Maximum
63
1,400
1,100
5.0
52
NA
<10
28
MQ/L
Mean
22
<260
390
1. 1
0.01
<10
1 .2
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samp.les, not detections.
(e) Includes data for Aroclor 1221, 1242, and 125U.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
to
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF AROCLOR 125U
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa I M i n i ng ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (c)
Number
of
samp les
U9
7
53
55
28
3
17
78
Number
of
detect ions
0
3
21
0
0
NA
1
12
Detected
Mini mum
1.0
<5.0
ND
NA
<10
ND
concentra t ions.
Maximum
76
650
9.8
NA
<10
2.0
Mean
26
10 u.g/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on the
number of samples, not detections.
(d) Includes data for Aroclor 1221, 1242, and 125U.
(e) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
to
rt
(D
IsJ
.p-
oo
POLLUTANT REMOVAB ILI TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR AROCLOR 1254
Treatment process
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 ra t i on
Oi 1 Sepa ration
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
1
2
Range of
Range of effluent
removal. % cone.. uq/L
NM BDL
20 650
97 BDL - 6.0
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.1.5
1 1 1.3.1.9
1 1 1.3.1. Hi
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful.
I
Ln
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.11.6-6
-------
Compound: Aroclor 1260
Formula: A mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls which is approximately
60% chlorine by weight
Alternate Names: None
CAS tt; 110-968-25
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2] :
molecular weight: 375.7*
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 385-420
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 4.05 x 10"5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.0027
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 7.14 (estimated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 7.1 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability.- N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.11.1-5
*Average.
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Inhibited by presence of oxygen, but possibly the only
degradative mechanism for highly chlorinated PCB's
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Slow volatilization distributes PCB's globally, but is
inhibited by adsorption
sorption: PCB's are rapidly adsorbed onto solids, especially organic matter
and are often immobilized in sediment, but may reenter solution
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation: essentially non-biodegradable
because of highly chlorinated isomer content
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.11.7-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Arocior 1250 (1-8, 1-16):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
Not reported
29.4
0.30
1.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L.
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
61
0.01
134
12
0.001
270
27
2.4
IUU
CARBON
o
g ADSORBED/gm
b
E
2
~-.
X
0.1
,,--
. — •
I—
•^
^^
f , -•"
**~
**
f r
• ; **-~^
• pH not reported
0.00001
0.0001 0.001 0.01
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
0.1
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Not specified.
Date: 1/24/83
1.11.7-2
-------
o
P>
rt
TO
K>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF AROCLOR 1260
_** Raw wastewater
00
u»
l-l
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (c)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
U6
3
53
7
9
17
Number
of
detections
0
2
17
0
0
11
Detected concentrations. u.q/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
0.16 27 1«4
<5.0 830 <160
-------
u
03
N>
00
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF AROCLOR 1260
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
U9
u
53
6
17
Number
of
detections
0
3
13
0
*
Detected
Mini mum
O.U1
<5.0
<10
concentrat ions.
Maximum
1.6
U80
<10
Mean
1.0
<58
<10
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Includes data for Aroclor 1016, 1232, 1248, and 1260.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
to
rt
n>
i— »
fO
00
to
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data points
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale
Coagulation and Flocculation 1
Fi I trat ion 1
Oi I Separat ion 2
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on 1
i— »
ALTERNATIVE
Range of
remova 1 .
NM
16
98
99*
FOR AROCLOR 1260
Range of
effluent
% cone. . uq/L
BDL
480
BDL - 8.0
BDL
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
I I I .3.1.5
I I 1.3.1.9
I I 1 .3.1 .14
I I I. 3. 1.21
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.11.7-6
-------
Compound.- Methyl chloride
Formula •. H
Cl-C-H
H
Alternate Names; Chloromethane;
Monochloromethane
CAS ft; 74-87-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 50.59
melting point, °C: -97.7
boiling point (760 torr), °C: -24.2
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 3,765
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 6,450-7,250
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 0.91
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 3.68 x 10~2 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Information lacking, probably unimportant
oxidation: Information lacking, probably unimportant
hydrolysis: Slow hydrolysis, unimportant in comparison to volatilization
volatilization: Volatilization to the atmosphere is rapid and is a major
transport process for removal of methyl chloride
sorption: No data available, sorption onto sediments and suspended particu-
lates probably unimportant
biological processes.- Data lacking, biodegradation and bioaccumulation are
not expected to be important fates
other reactions/interactions.- Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/Q2 1.12.1-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.12.1-2
-------
o
ro
1/24/83
i— i
NJ
1
OJ
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Coa 1 Win ing (a )
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Porcelain Enameling (e)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
same 1 es
47
3
53
149
7
1
8
33
3
METHYL CHLORIDE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
0
78 ND 4,700
0
0
0
1 45
NA NA NA
Mean
600
0.01
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections,
(e) Methyl chloride was not detected during the screening
program and was not detected in the verification program.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
CO
rt
TO
to
•O
00
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
^ Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
L -i
r^
1° Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
K-*
JL. Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Text! le Mi 1 Is (a) (c)
OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
51
53
20
14
28
3
64
OF METHYL CHLORIDE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
6 1.0 960
0
0
NA NA NA
1 20
Mean
480
0.01
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
u
rt
(D
1 — »
M
OO
U3
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-alum
Flotation
n Reverse Osmosis
rsj Sedimentation
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
Number of data points Ranqe of
Pilot scale Full scale removal,
1 NM
1 NM
1 NM
3 8U
METHYL CHLORIDE
Range of
effluent
% cone. , uq/L
38
30
U5
BDL - 39
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I 1 .3. 1
I I I. 3.1.
I I I .3.1.
I I I .3.1.
.3
10
16
18
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.1-6
-------
Compound: Methylene chloride
Formula: cl
I
Cl-C-H
I
H
Alternate Names: Dichloromethane; Methylene dichloride;
Methane dichloride; Methylene bichloride
CAS tt; 74-09-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-5]:
molecular weight: 84.94
melting point, °C: -95
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 39.8
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 362
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 16,700
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.25
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.19 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation.
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Photochemical reactions in aqueous media are probably unimportant
oxidation: Information lacking, probably unimportant
hydrolysis: Not important fate process
volatilization: Due to high vapor pressure, volatilization to the atmosphere
is rapid and is a major transport process
sorption: Data lacking, sorption by inorganic and organic materials not
expected to be important fate mechanism
biological processes: Data lacking, bioaccumulation not expected, biodegrada-
tion may be possible in acclimated systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data,
ADSORBABILITY
Methylene chloride (1-8):
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.8
1.30
1.16
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION ta)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
10,000
0.01
>100,000
14,000
0.001
>100,000
>100,000
21,000
Ca3 Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.8
10
o
CO
Qi
O
cr>
O
LU
QQ
C£
O
l/l
Q
<
01
X
1.0
0
0.01
pH-5.8
0.001
0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
i.o
ANALYTICAL METHOD'. G.C. - Purge and Trap
10
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.2-2
-------
CD
ft
m
NJ
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF METHYLENE CHLORIDE
K3
K3
I
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling (j)
Explosives Manufacturing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mi 1 Is (b) (g)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5
(j) Methylene chloride was detected during the
program, however, there is no verification
Number
of
samp les
26
17
1
17
66
28
53
162
11
1
1
5
6
80
19
31
16
151
1
3
10
75
5
Raw
Number
of
detect ions
13
43
1
16
22
18
13
109
11
0
1
5
6
11
NA
22
11
73
1
3
1
22
5
ion 1.1 Introduction for addit
ug/u
screen ing
data.
wastewater
Detected concentrat ionst ug/L
Mini mum
<0.1
3.0
<2 . 0 2 .
ND
7.5
1.0
ND
0.01
3.
190
110
ND
NA
1.0 1.
3.0
ND
<0.1
1 . 1
3.0
6.0
ional informat
Maximum
510
11,000
0.56
1 x 10E5
30
2,100
2,100
7,600
53,000
1 x 10E6
6,600
80,000
88,000
NA
3 x 10E5
1,600
2,500
<67
59
<10
2,600
700
ion.
Mean
<80
1,200
<5,500
<8.8
<220
260
310
5,100
1,900
19,000
680
1,100
7,800
>320
23
<19
26
110
210
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Co iI Coating.
-------
o
03
rt
ro
S3
00
U)
to
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF METHYLENE CHLORIDE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Found ries
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (d)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Timber Products Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
samp les
7
51
6
28
53
5
5
71
41
19
16
139
4
12
67
5
Number
of
detect ions
6
47
6
28
25
5
5
10
NA
15
13
58
4
2
16
5
1.1 Introduction for add
Detected
Mini mum
2.0
3.0
<10
3.0
5.0
340
10
ND
NA
29
3.0
ND
<1 . 0
10
1.0
13
concentrat ions,
Maximum
6,000
71,000
230
1 , 000
9,600
5,600
8,100
4,200
NA
31,000
>100
3,100
<340
32
58
1,900
uq/L.
Mean
1,200
5,700
<48
<220
<540
2,000
1,600
110
32
5,000
<43
14
<1 10
21
17
560
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
CoiI Coating.
-------
a
93
rr
(D
i — •
N5
00
OJ
M
I — •
1
01
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR METHYLENE
Number of data points
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-unspec if fed
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 ime
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 trat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Reverse Osmosis
Sedimentation
Stripping
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Trickl ing F i 1 ters
Pi lot sea le
9
2
1
1
9
5
1
5
1
Ful I sea le
2
6
4
2
1
2
3
3
2
10
5
2
11
2
8
7
CHLORIDE
Range of Volume 1 1 1
Range of effluent section
removal. % cone.. uq/L number
0-92 1.8
NM 15
90 - >99 NO
13 - 94 330
33 BDL
NM
90 1.0
94 BDL
42
NM ND
56 - 90 70
5 - >99 ND
0-84 2.0
>17 330
0-64 4.0
17 - >99 BDL
54 - 87 90,000
>57 <270
38-99 0.9
0-97 <5.0
NM 1
- 940
- 61
- 13,000
- 9,800
- 2.0
31
- 90
- 130
14
- 60
- <630
- 31,000
- 6,000
- 630
- 6.0
-1,100
- 3.0 x 10E5
- 320
- 250
- 2,000
.0
I I I .3. 1 . 1
I I I .3.1 .2
1 1 1 .3.1 .3
I I I .3.1.3
1 1 1 .3. 1 .4
1 1 1 .3.1 .5
1 1 1.3.1.9
I I I .3.1.10
1 II. 3. 1.14
1 I I .3.1.16
I I I .3.1.18
I I 1 .3.1 .19
1 1 1 .3. 1.21
1 1 1.3.2.1
I I I. 3. 2. 2
I I I. 3. 2. 5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.12.2-6
-------
Compound: Chloroform
Formula:
Cl
C1-C-C1
H
Alternate Names: Trichloromethane
CAS ft; 67-66-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 119.4
melting point, °C: -63.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 61.7
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 150
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 8,200
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.97
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.39"x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.3-5
Probable Fate [1-7, 1-20]:
photolysis: Not significant in aqueous systems
oxidation: Could be important in sunlight
hydrolysis: Not likely to occur
volatilization: Volatilization is a major transport process for removal of
chloroform from aqueous mediums
sorption: Data lacking, sorption by inorganic and organic particulate materials
not expected to be important fate mechanism
biological processes: Weak to moderate bioaccumulation, no biomagnification;
may be biodegraded in acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, chloroform (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
2.6
0.73
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION faD
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON. Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1,900
0.01
11,000
1,000
.»
0.001
50,000
6,000
540
fa} Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
CARBON
b
g ADSORBED/gm
p
E
2
*•»
X
0.01
s
s
s
{
t
+
-------
o
OJ
ro
-P-
oo
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHLOROFORM
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Meta 1 F i n i sh i ng ( b ) ( h )
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Explosives Manufacturing
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! leMMIs(b)(g)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
28
HI
1
34
18
3U
13
28
53
101
22
4
1
3
6
95
32
58
29
16
154
5
2
11
78
5
Number
of
detections
23
25
1
29
12
32
6
15
11
84
11
U
1
3
6
32
9
NA
17
9
103
5
2
3
3U
5
Detected
Mini mum
0.7
3.0
<3
2.0
2.0
ND
5.5
1.0
ND
1.0
<10
10
10
NO
NA
NA
<5.0
<5.0
ND
1.9
1.1
0.17
1.0
10
concentrat ions
Ma x i mum
35,000
480
85
1,400
HI
12,000
<10
50
470
690
26
<10
540
1,100
2.8 x 10E5
1,800
35
NA
900
100
9,700
27
>4.8
<10
640
20
j-ua/k-
Mean
<2,700
95
<110
<17
10 u,g/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5 |ig/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Co iI Coa ting.
-------
0
(to
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHLOROFORM
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Texti le Mills (b) (g)
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
7
51
27
6
21
53
5
2
5
81
28
46
19
16
142
5
11
95
5
Number
of
detections
7
HO
23
3
16
24
U
2
5
30
8
NA
12
7
79
5
2
19
5
Detected
Mini mum
0.8
1.0
5.0
<10
8.0
7.0
5.0
10
<1.0
NO
NA
NA
11
<5.0
ND
0.93
0.25
2.0
3.0
concentrations.
Maximum
28
480
280
10
66
1,1*00
61
1,100
170
2,900
10
NA
4,700
66
1,200
4.1
<10
1,000
23
UQ/L
Mean
13
60
<53
<10
<21
<150
33
560
<28
98
5.1
6.3
<450
<20
31
1.9
<5.1
78
11
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >'\0 jig/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
ft)
rt
(D
i—
10
00
Co
M
I—"
1
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-g ranula r
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
- 1 i me
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-unspecified
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
-1 ime
Chemical Reduction
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Flotation
Oi 1 Separation
Reverse Osmosis
Sedimentation
Stripping
Solvent Extraction
U 1 1 ra f i 1 1 ra t i on
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Trickl ing Fi Iters
LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1 1
1
7
3
6
1
1
1
1
2
2
2 9
6
3
5
9
5
1
2
1 20
5
1
ALTERNATIVE FOR
Range of
remova 1 . %
74 - >99
NM
46 - >99
94
>99
33
55
NM
NM
NM
35
50
20 - >99
NM
0 - 93*
0-74
49 - >99
NM
>46
9 - >99
0 - >99
NM
CHLOROFORM
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
ND - 18
BDL
ND - 550
4.0 - 4,700
ND - BDL
2.0
5.0
11
0.2
BDL - 2.0
25 - 48
BDL - 500
ND - 24
20 - 67
BDL - 31
2.0 - 230
ND - 65,000
ND
<43 - 62
ND - 58
ND - 1,000
19
Vo I ume 1
section
number
1 1 1 .3
1 1 1.3
1 1 1 .3
1 1 1.3
1 1 1.3
1 1 1.3
1 1 1.3
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
II 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3
1 1 1 . 3
1 1 1.3
1 1
.1.1
. 1 .2
.1.3
.1.3
.1.4
.1.5
.1.9
1.10
1.14
1.16
1.18
1.19
1 .20
1.21
.2. 1
.2.2
.2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to chloroform.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for chloroform indicate that acute toxicity to fresh-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 28,900 yg/L, and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than the
three tested species. Twenty-seven-day LC50 values indicate that chronic
toxicity occurs at concentrations as low as 1,240 yg/L, and could occur at
lower concentrations among species or other life stages that are more sensi-
tive than the earliest life cycle stage of the rainbow trout.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The data base for saltwater species is limited to one test and no state-
ment can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of chloroform through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
would be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical. [There
is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However, zero
level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which
may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are esti-
mated at 10"5, 10~6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 1.90 yg/L, 0.19 yg/L, and 0.019 yg/L, respec-
tively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms
only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 157 yg/L, 15.7 yg/L, and
1.57 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk
levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is
presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment
on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.3-6
-------
Compound: Carbon tetrachloride
Formula; _.,
C1-C-C1
Alternate Names: Tetrachloromethane; Methane tetrachloride;
Perchloromethane,- Benzinoform
CAS ft; 56-23-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 153.8
melting point, °C: -22,9
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 76.5
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 90
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 785
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.64
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 30.2 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.4-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Not important in aquatic environment
oxidation: Information not available for aquatic systems, slow rate of
reaction with hydroxyl radicals
hydrolysis: Not likely to occur
volatilization: Volatilization is rapid and is an important transport process
for the removal of tetrachloromethane from aquatic systems
sorption: Little data available, but adsorption onto sediments rich in
organic material possible
biological processes: Weak to moderate bioaccumulation; no biomagnification;
may be biodegraded in acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.4-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Carbon tetrachloride (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
11.1
0.83
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (aD
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
550
0.01
4,100
370
0.001
28,000
2,800
250
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
IUU
CARBON
o
g ADSORBED/gm
b
E
-».
X
0.1
_,
s
s
•
s
s
s
s
»
s
s
•
/
/
/
2
'
• pH = 5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf), mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
Date: 1/24/83
1.12.4-2
-------
o
01
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
NJ
03
U>
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Electrica 1 /Electronic Components (c)
Found ries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographid Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling (h)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
c) Analytic method not specified.
d) Screening plus additional data.
e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
f) Detections >10 ug/L.
g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Carbon tetrachloride was not detected during
of
samp
2
47
1
9
3
53
88
6
1
1
59
33
32
26
16
2
11
1.1
the
program, and was not detected in the verification
of
les detections
2
0
1
2
0
15
65
1
1
1
8
1
NA
10
1
2
1
Introduction for add
screen ing
program.
Detected concentrations
Min imum
2.0
30
<10
ND
ND
NA
1.0
U.7
itional informat
Maximum
850
23
110
U80
10,000
3.6
<10
29
2,300
1.0
NA
30,000
<10
35
<1.0
ion.
. ug/L
Mean
U30
70
-------
o
rt
(D
oo
00
ro
I
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Min ing ( b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing 10 ug/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
samp les
2
51
6
53
1
45
28
25
19
16
2
11
Number
of
detect ions
2
0
1
7
1
8
0
NA
2
3
2
0
Detected
Mini mum
1.0
<10
ND
NA
<65
<10
<0.17
concentrat ions.
Maximum
200
40
55
<1 . 0
1,700
NA
1,800
<10
14
liq/L
Mean
100
<1 6
89
5.2
<930
<10
<7 . 1
ion 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
G
P
it
(D
OO fULLU 1 AN 1 KLNUVABI LM Y/ 1 KLAI AB 1 LM Y WAb 1 LWA 1 LK IKtAIMLNI ALItKNAMVt |-UK UAKBUN 1 t 1 KAUHLUK 1 Ut
UJ
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a turn
-combined precipitants
- 1 i me
-sodium hydroxide
-unspec if fed
M Chemical Reduction
[so F i 1 trat ion
Y~ Flotation
Ln
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
2
2
4
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1 1
1
Range of
remova I . %
64* - 64*
94
>99 - >99
NM
NM
>99
NM
89 - >99
75
NM
>99
98
NM
Range of
effluent
cone.. uq/L
BDL - BDL
<10 - 1,800
ND - 65
ND - BDL
ND
ND
BDL
ND - 55
BDL - 210
43
ND
BDL - 0.1
61
Vo I ume I I I
sect ion
number
I I 1.3.1.1
I I I .3.1 .3
I I I .3. 1 .4
I I I .3.1.9
I I 1.3.1.10
I I 1.3.1.14
I I 1.3.1.18
I II .3.2.1
I I I. 3. 2. 2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to carbon tetrachloride.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available date for carbon tetrachloride indicate that acute toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 35,200 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of carbon
tetrachloride to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for carbon tetrachloride indicate that acute toxicity
to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 50,000 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available"concerning the chronic toxicity of carbon
tetrachloride to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of carbon tetrachloride through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10~6, and 10'7. [A risk of 10"5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 4.0 yg/L, 0.40 yg/L, and 0.04
yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 69.4 yg/L, 6.94
yg/L, and 0.69 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. This risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.4-6
-------
Compound; Chloroethane
Formula: H H
I I
H-C-C-C1
I I
H H
Alternate Names; Ethyl chloride; monochloroethane;
Hydrochloric ether; Muriatic ether
CAS tt; 75-00-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 64.52
melting point, °C: -136
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 12.3
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1,000
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 5,740
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.54
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.46 x 10"2 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.5-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Information not available pertaining to rate of photodissociation
in aqueous environment
oxidation: Photooxidation in the aquatic environment probably occurs at a
slow rate
hydrolysis: Probably cannot compete with volatilization
volatilization: Probable primary transport mechanism
sorption: No data available
biological processes: Data lacking, biodegradation may be possible in
acclimated systems. Bioaccumulation is not expected
to be important fate
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.5-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, chioroethane (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
0.59
0.95
1.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
14,000
0.01
>100,000
12,000
0.001
>100,000
>100,000
11,000
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1U.U
O
CO
O
£ i n
mg ADSORBED/g
.=»
1— <
s
X
n m
y
- • ^— —
i
^
^
•
l'
/
/
'
• PH-S.3
0.01
ANALYTICAL METHOD:
0.1 1.0
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
G.C. - Purge and Trap
10.0
100
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.5-2
-------
0
CD
ft
ro
to *
oo
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
H Synthetic Resins
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samo les
47
53
7
2
33
9
OF CHLOROETHANE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
0
0
0
2 8,000
0
NA NA
concentrations. u.q/L
Maximum Mean
13,000 10,000
NA U1
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
^ (a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
pi
ft
(D
S3
-P-
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHLOROETHANE
S3
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samp les
51
53
1
2
28
8
Number
of
detect ions.
0
0
1
2
0
NA
Detected
Min imum
100
NA
concentrations.
Maximum
520
110
NA
Mean
260
2.5
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
03
N>
CXl
OJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CHLOROETHANE
Treatment process
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
Range of
removaI. %
Range of
effIuent
cone.. ug/L
VoIume I I I
sect ion
number
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu lar
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a I urn
27 - >99
NM
ND - 240,000
17
I I I .3.1.1
II I.3.1.3
ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to chlorinated ethanes.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available freshwater data for chlorinated ethanes indicate that
toxicity increases greatly with increasing chlorination, and that acute toxic-
ity occurs at concentrations as low as 118,000 yg/L for 1,2-dichlcJroethane,
18,000 yg/L for two trichloroethanes, 9,320 yg/L for two tetrachloroethanes,
7,240 yg/L for pentachloroethane, and 980 yg/L for hexachloroethane. Chronic
toxicity occurs at concentrations as low as 20,000 yg/L for 1,2-dichloroethane,
9,400 yg/L for 1,1,2-trichloroethane, 2,400 yg/L for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane,
1,100 yg/L for pentachloroethane, and 540 yg/L for hexachloroethane. Acute
and chronic toxicity would occur at lower concentrations among species that
are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available saltwater data for chlorinated ethanes indicate that toxic-
ity increases greatly wth increasing chlorination and that acute toxicity to
fish and invertebrate species occurs at concentrations as low as 113,000 yg/L
for 1,2-dichloroethane, 31,200 yg/L for 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 9,020 yg/L for
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 390 yg/L for pentachloroethane, and 940 yg/L for
hexachloroethane. Chronic toxicity occurs at concentrations as low as 281
yg/L for pentachloroethane. Acute and chronic toxicity would occur at lower
concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure to 1,2-dichloroethane through ingestion of con-
taminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concen-
tration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemi-
cal. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10~6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 9.4 yg/L, 0.94 yg/L, and
0.094 yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 2,430
yg/L, 243 yg/L, and 24.3 yg/L respectively. Other concentrations representing
different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk
estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an
Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.5-6
-------
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 18.4 mg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of 1,1,1-
trichloroethane ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the
ambient water criterion is determined to be 1.03 g/L.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of 1,1,2-trichloroethane through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10~5, 10~6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 6.0 yg/L, 0.6 yg/L, and 0.06
yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 418 yg/L, 41.8
yg/L, and 4.18 yg/L respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an !'acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane through ingestion
of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
concentration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10'6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 1.7 yg/L, 0.17 yg/L, and
0.017 yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 107
yg/L, 10.7 yg/L, and 1.07 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations represent-
ing different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The
risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not repre-
sent an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of hexachloroethane through ingestion of con-
taminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concen-
tration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemi-
cal. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10'5, 10~6, and 10'7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 19 yg/L, 1.9 yg/L, and 0.19
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.5-7
-------
yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 87.4 yg/L, 8.74
yg/L, and 0.87 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for monochloro-
ethane.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for 1,1-dichloro-
ethane.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for 1,1,1,2-tetra-
chloroethane.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for pentachloro-
ethane.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.5-8
-------
Compound: 1,1-Dichloroethane
Formula: c^ H
H— C— C — H
Ji I
Alternate Names; Ethylidene chloride;
Ethylidene dichloride
CAS tt; 75-34-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 98.96
melting point, °C: -97.0
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 57.3
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 180
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 5,500
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.79
Henry's law constant (25°C): 5.45 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.5-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Information lacking
oxidation: Photooxidation in aquatic environment probably occurs at a
slow rate
hydrolysis: Probably cannot compete with volatilization
volatilization: Owing to high vapor pressure, volatilization to the atmosphere
should be major transport process
sorption: No data available
biological processes: Data lacking; bioaccumulation not expected, biodegrada-
tion may be possible in acclimated systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.6-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1, l-Dichloroethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
1.79
0.53
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1,700
0.01
6,500
600
0.001
22,000
2,200
200
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
o r1
'.» o c
E
2
X
001
/
m
-------
o
rt
rc
00
UJ
I
UJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1.1-DICHLOROETHANE
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of
of
Industry samples detections
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Text! le Mills (b) (f )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ng/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5 ng/L.
2
U7
21
1
18
18
25
53
13
7
19
33
11
26
12
70
.1
2
0
1
1
9
1
2
1
12
0
1
0
NA
U
3
5
Introduction for add
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Mini mum
0.5
ND
77
<10
ND
ND
NA
<5.0
5.0
1.0
itional informat
Maximum
<3.0
20
100
30
77
10
55
1,100
180
NA
16
22
1U
ion.
Mean
<1.8
<10
77
<10
420
20
200
<1 0
12
7.0
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
e»
n>
i-4
I"O
.£•
co
OJ
t— 1
1— >
NJ
ON
-p-
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
A 1 urn i num Fo rm i ng
Coi 1 Coating (f )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) ( d )
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
51
1
6
53
33
28
10
18
12
6U
1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations,^
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
2 0.0 0.0
0
1 ND 20
0
NA NA NA
2 <10 180
0
1 2.0
u.q/|_
Mean
0.0
1.U
9.1
<95
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Detections >10 u,g/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Reference reports 0.0 (ig/L for detections less than
detection limit 10 M9/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
(T
(0
00
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LITY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1 , 1-DICHLOROETHANE
M
^
i
I
Ul
Treatment process
Activate'd Carbon Adsorption
-granu la r
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
- 1 ime
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
- 1 i me
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Oi 1 Separation
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
i
8 1
1
1
1
3 4
1
1
3
Range of
remova 1 , %
42 - >99
NM
NM
NM
0 - >99
NM
0
>99 - >99
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
ND - 45,000
BDL
4.0
BDL
ND - 180
93
2.0
ND - ND
Vo I ume I I
section
number
I I I .3.
I I I .3.
I I I. 3.
I I I .3.
I I I .3.
I I I .3. 1
I I I .3. 1
I I I .3.
I
1 . 1
1 .2
1.3
1.3
1.9
.14
.18
2. 1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.6-6
-------
Compound: 1,2-Dichloroethane
Formula: rl n
—^__ V---I- v J-
H C C H
H H
Alternate Names; Ethylene dichloride;
Glycol dichloride
CAS ft; 107-06-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 98.98
melting point, °C: -35.4
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 83.5
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 61
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 8,690
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.48
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.10 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.5-5
Probable Fate '[1-7] :
photolysis: Information not available
oxidation: Photooxidation in the aquatic environment occurs at a slow rate
hydrolysis: Hydrolysis is probably too slow to be an important process
volatilization: Due to high vapor pressure, volatilization to the atmosphere
is rapid and is major transport process
sorption: Information not available
biological processes: May be biodegraded in acclimated systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.7-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,2-Dichloroethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
3.57
0.83
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
1,700
0.01
13,000
1,200
0.001
86,000
8,600
780
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
0 -••
'--.be
E
2
-^
X
0.01
./
/
/
4
y
•
s
^
+s
F
r
' I
/
/
S
\
)'
f '
m pH = 5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. CC^), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.7-2
-------
0
rt
n>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
00
LO
I
LO
Raw wastewater
I ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa I Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Found r ies
Meta I F in i sh i ng ( b) (g )
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Texti le Mills (b) (f)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a ) Screen ing data .
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 |ig/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
samp I es
2
47
1
18
3
53
13
26
5
85
33
29
26
16
15
70
Number
of
detect ions
2
0
1
0
1
4
10
17
5
12
0
NA
8
1
3
2
ion 1.1 Introduction for add
Detected concentrations, u,q/L
Min imum
<2.0
5.0
ND
0.02
<1.0
ND
NA
<5.0
ND
U.O
itional informat
Maximum
500
79
<10
170
2,100
6,000
14,000
560
NA
210
16
5.0
6.0
ion.
Mean
<250
<49
550
2,400
<3,000
21
12,000
<58
1.0
5.0
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
to
it
(D
M INDUSTRIAL
N3 ' ~
-O
00
w Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
• Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
to Synthetic Resins
Y* Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
-C-
Petroleum Refining (a)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (e)
OCCURRENCE OF 1 , 2-DICHLOROETHANE
Treated wastewater
Number
of
samples
51
53
17
5
70
28
27
18
16
15
Number
of
detect ions
2
2
11
5
8
0
NA
1
3
Detected
Mini mum
1.0
<10
0.23
<1.0
ND
NA
<5.0
ND
concentrat ions.
Maximum
1.0
<10
80
300
240
NA
170
2
Mean
1.0
<10
24
<71
11
180
<70
0.5
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >1Q [ig/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Meanis not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enamel'ing.
-------
o
rt
ft)
OO
OJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
Treatment process
Number of data points
Pi lot seale FuI I sea le
Range of
removaI. %
Range of
effluent
cone.. uq/L
Vo I utne I I I
sect ion
number
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a I urn
-combined precipitants
Fi 11 ra t i on
Stripp ing
Solvent Extraction
Activated Sludge
12
6
2
21 - >99
>99
>99
ND - 7.6 x 10E5
ND - 90
ND - ND
I I 1.3.1.1
I I I.3.1.3
NM 170 I I I. 3. 1.9
70 - 99 22 - 4.k x 10E5 III.3.1.19
8U - >99 <20,000 - 97,000 I I I.3.1.20
>99 ND - 290 I I I.3.2.1
ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.12.7-6
-------
Compound; 1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Formula; C2. H
I I
Cl— C—C H
Cl H
Alternate Names; Methyl chloroform; Chlorotene;
Genklene; Baltana
CAS tt; 71-55-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 133.4
melting point, °C: -30.4
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 74.1
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 96.0
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 480-4,400
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.17
Henry's law constant (25°C): 4.92 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.5-5
Probable Fate [1-7];
photolysis: Information lacking, does not appear to be a major aquatic fate
oxidation: Information lacking, probably not important aquatic fate
hydrolysis: Slow hydrolysis to acetic and hydrochloric acids and vinylidene
chloride suggested
volatilization: Volatilization to the atmosphere is rapid and is a major
transport process
sorption: Information lacking, may be important fate mechanism
biological processes: Information lacking, some bioaccumulation and biodegra-
dation indicated for acclimated systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.8-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,1, l-Trichloroethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
2.48
0.34
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON. Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
800
0.01
1,900
180
0.001
4,300
430
39
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
IUU
CARBON
0
g ADSORBED/gm
o
E
2
^.
X
0.1
-^
^^
M
f •
^***r
•
**lr
£L
..^
•
•*"
! -
• pH=5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (CD, mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C.-Purge and Trap
Date: 1/24/83
1.12.8-2
-------
u
It
(D
• •
I—1
K>
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
S3
00
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of of Detected concentrations. uq/L
Industry samp
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Co i 1 Coa ting ( j )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d) (j)
Porcelain Enameling (k)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5 M9/L
(j) Reference reports 0.0 |ag/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 ug/L.
(k) 1, 1 , 1-trichloroethane was not detected during
19
47
1
9
18
1
44
43
28
53
94
33
1
1
58
33
33
26
16
81
1
11
73
1.1
t
the
program and was not detected in the verification
les detections Minimum Maximum
9
4
1
7
3
1
31
20
12
10
78
13
1
1
5
9
NA
14
0
35
1
1
21
Introduction
screening
program.
<2.0 3,
3.0
0
<10
<10
ND
0.0 3,
3.0 7,
<10 16,
ND 1.3 X
0.0 1,
ND
NA
NA
5.0
ND 2,
0
2.0 1,
for additional information
300
23
.14
420
10
530
30
100
700
000
10E6
600
-------
o
(T
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
ro
00
U)
S3
•
00
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Co i 1 Coat ing ( i )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Gum and Wood Chemicals
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 |ig/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Reference reports 0.0 u,g/L for detections
detection limit 10 ng/L.
Number
of
samp les
3
51
12
1
9
53
8
1
36
28
30
18
16
72
1
11
67
Number
of
detect ions
2
11
7
1
3
1 U
5
1
0
5
NA
11
0
12
1
0
6
ion 1.1 Introduction for add
less than
Detected
Mini mum
14
1.0
5.0
0.0
9.0
0.15
ND
NA
NA
5.0
ND
1.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
860
3.0
200
3.0
21
2,200
3.3
830
10
10
NA
560
17
0.33
130
UQ/L
Mean
UUO
2.0
-------
o
(U
rt
n>
oo
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1, 1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
vw
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
- 1 ime
-sodium hydroxide
-unspec i f fed
M Chemical Reduction
[^ F i 1 trat ion
oo Flotation
I
Ln
Oi 1 Separation
Sed imentat ion
Stripping
Ul traf i It rat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
Number of data points
Pi lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
1 1
3
3
6
2
1
2
9
4
1
6
1
1
8
1
Range of
remova 1 . %
>99 - >99
>55
NM
NM
0 - >99
NM
75
86 - >99
22 - >99
NM
19 - 88
9
99
94 - >99
96
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
ND - 1.9
10 - <170
44 - 120
ND - 28
ND - 1.0
0.1
0.3 - 1.0*
ND - 4,400
ND - 860
190
2.0 - 2,500
42,000
5.0
ND - 33
22
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.9
.10
.14
.18
.19
.21
2.1
2.2
ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; ^approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.12.8-6
-------
Compound; 1,1,2-Trichloroethane
Formula:
Cl Cl
I I
Cl C C H
I I
H H
Alternate Names: Vinyl trichloride
CAS ft; 79-00-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-20, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 133.4
melting point, °C: -36.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 113
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 19
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 4,500
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.17
Henry's law constant (25°C): 8.46 x 10"» atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.5-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: No data available pertaining to rate of photolysis in aquatic
environment
oxidation: Oxidation in aquatic systems not expected to be important fate
hydrolysis: Too slow to be significant
volatilization: Volatilization is important fate mechanism
sorption: Information lacking, may be important fate mechanism
biological processes: Bioaccumulation not important; resistant to
degradation by microorganisms
other reactions/interactions: Information unavailable
Date.- 12/22/82 1.12.9-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
5.81
0.60
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Z
o
00
O
E
_cn
O
LU
GO
C£
O
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
620
0.01
2,700
250
0.001
11,000
1,100
99
CaD Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
100
10
1.0
0.1
lpH = 5.3
0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
T
10
Date: 1/24/83
1.12.9-2
-------
o
(U
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
oo
UJ
I
Co
Raw wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries \
Metal Finishing (b) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Rubber Processing
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
samp les
2
U7
1
18
3
53
97
7
1
72
33
17
26
1
Number
of
detect ions
2
0
1
1
0
3
61
0
0
2
0
NA
5
1
1.1 Introduction for add
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
<0.7 3,000 <1
0.4
10
<10 20
ND 1,300
ND 29
NA NA
<5.0 2,800
<0.1
itional information.
|iq/L
Mean
,500
<1 3
160
1 . 1
130
<570
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.9-4
-------
CT
ro
i — >
S3
OO
UJ
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 L 1 TY
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
M -combined precipitants
- 1 i me
j^ -sodium hydroxide
>£> Fi 1 trat ion
Stripping
Solvent Extraction
U 1 traf i 1 trat ion
Activated Sludge
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1 , 1 , 2-TR 1 CHLOROETHANE
Range of
Number of data points Range of effluent
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone., uq/L
1 >99 ND
1 NM <11
U >99 - >99 ND - <5.0
1 NM ND
1 50 1.0
2 NM 7.0 - 2,100
5 98 - >99 NO - 200
1 90 16,000
1 NM ND
1 NM BDL
Vo I time I I I
sect ion
number
I I I .3.1.1
I I I .3.1.3
I I I .3.1.9
1 1 1 .3.1.19
1 1 1 .3.1.20
1 1 1 .3.1.21
1 1 1 .3.2. 1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.9-6
-------
Compound; 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Formula: cl Cl
I I
H C C H
ii ii
Alternate Names; sym-Tetrachloroethane;
Acetylene tetrachloride
CAS ft; 79-34-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 167.8
melting point, °C: -36
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 146
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 5
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 2,900
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.56
Henry's law constant (25°C): 4.32 x 10"4 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability .• N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.5-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Probably not significant in aquatic environment
oxidation: Not important in aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Too slow to be important
volatilization: Probable primary transport process
sorption: Data inconclusive
biological processes: Too slow to compete with volatilization
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.10-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
10.6
0.37
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (aD
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, C{ mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
200
0.01
510
50
0.001
1,200
120
11
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1UU
z
o
CO
cc
<
0 10
g ADSORBED/gm
o
E
2
»•»
X
0.1
**
*
m
•' m
•""'
^
1
*'
^*
. "^
_^f
^
m pH = 5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (C{), mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C.-Purge and Trap
Date: 1/24/83
1.12.10-2
-------
G
P
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
to
oo
to
o
CO
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mi n ing ( b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Suppl ies (d)
Porcelain Enameling (i)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
Number
of
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
samples detections Minimum Maximum
1
U7
1
18
53
6
7
2
99
33
12
1
16
1
11
68
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduct
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) 1 , 1 ,2,2-Tetrachloroethane was not detected
0
0
1 0.04
3 10 18
1 <10
U ND 570
0
2 <10 <10
5 ND 35
0
NA NA ' NA
0
0
1 <0 . 1
1 2U
2 1.0 21
ion for additional information.
uo/L
Mean
13
1/tO
<10
2.5
7.5
11
during the screening
program and was not detected in the verification program.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.10-4
-------
o
rr
n>
1X3
-C-
OO
1— 1
1 — '
1X3
1 — i
o
1
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1,1,2,
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Str i pp i ng
Solvent Extraction
Ul traf i 1 1 rat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal, %
1 >99
2 NM
5 99 - >99
1 91
1 NM
1 1 >99
2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
Range of Vo lume I I I
effluent section
cone. , UQ/L number
I I I .3. 1 .1
680
0.7 - 18 I I I .3.1.9
ND - 78,000 I I I .3.1.19
4,200 I I 1.3.1.20
ND III .3.1.21
ND - BDL I I I .3.2. 1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.10-6
-------
Compound: Hexachloroethane
Formula;
I I
Cl - C - C - Cl
Alternate Names; Perchloroethane;
Carbon hexachloride
CAS tt: 67-72-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 236.7
melting point, °C: 187 (sealed tube)
boiling point (777 torr) , °C: 186 (sublimes)
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.4
solubility in water (22°C) , mg/L: 50
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.34 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 9.85 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability : D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.5-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Not important in aquatic environment
oxidation: Not important in aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Information not available
volatilization: Some volatilization occurs, importance as a fate mechanism
unknown
sorption: No data available
biological processes: High log octanol/water partition coefficient indicates
possibility of bioaccumulation. Biodegradation may
occur in acclimated systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.11-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Hexachloroethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
96.5
0.38
0.93
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
20
0.01
60
5.3
0.001
140
14
1.3
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
l.UUU
CARBON
o
O
g ADSORBED/gm
o
E
2
^
X
1.0
'
1
i i
^
-
'•'
•
• i
-^
***
•
^ * "
jf,***r
^f>
1
m pH=5.3
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
REMARKS: Compound contained an impurity which was estimated to be
20% using integrated areas from computer output.
Date: 10/8/82 1.12.11-2
-------
a
P
(D
1/24/83
M
t— •
to
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
U9
1
53
13
15
33
6
OF HEXACHLOROETHANE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
0
1
1
1
1 ND
0
NA NA
concentrations.
Maximum
10
<10
U9
23
NA
Mean
1.5
2,200
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
It
0>
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEXACHLOROETHANE
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samp les
53
53
2
7
28
•
Number
of
detect ions
1
0
1
0
0
NA
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
3.0
1.0
ND 5.0
NA NA
_M9/L_
Mean
NA
0.01
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound; Vinyl chloride
Formula: Cl H
„><„
Alternate Names: Chloroethene; Monochloroethylene;
Monovinylchloride; MVC; Chloroethylene
CAS ft; 75-01-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 62.50
melting point, °C: -154
boiling point (760 torr), °C: -13.4
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 2,660
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 1.1
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 0.60
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.6 x 10"2 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.12-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Light-induced transformations of vinyl chloride can occur through
indirect photolysis in water containing photosensitizers, direct
photolysis insignificant
oxidation: Experiments indicate that vinyl chloride is decomposed in water by
reactive radicals, when present in sufficient concentration
hydrolysis: Owing to rapid volatilization, hydrolysis should not be a signifi-
cant aquatic fate
volatilization: Volatilization to the atmosphere is rapid and is a major
transport process
sorption: Sorption by inorganic and organic materials not expected to be
important fate mechanism
biological processes: Resistant to biodegradation. Bioaccumulation is not
believed to be important fate process
other reactions/interactions: Vinyl chloride could be converted to more highly
chlorinated compounds in aqueous environment
where high concentrations of chlorine/chloride
exist
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.12-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.12-2
-------
o
05
rt
ft)
i — >
NJ
-P~
OO
1 — >
NJ
1 — i
N3
1
1 ndustry
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a
Text! le Mills (b) (d)
NA, not available. See Section 1.1
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean ca Iculated using medians.
(e) Reference reports 0.0 (ig/L for
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
47
53
(e) 22
9
33
12
) 1
70
Introduction for add
.
detections less
OF VINYL CHLORIDE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
1 0.0
0
0
NA NA NA
1 12
1 11
itional information.
Mfl/k-
Mean
750
than detection limit 10 M9/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
rt
CD
oo
U)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF VINYL CHLORIDE
I-1
NJ
NJ
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samples
51
53
H
28
9
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
0
NA
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations. U.Q/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
NA NA 29
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
0
K>
rt
(D
N5
-P-
oo
M
I—•
N5
1—•
N5
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR VINYL CHLORIDE
Range of Vo lume 1 1
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
1 52
I
effluent section
cone.. uq/L number
I
1,100
I I. 3.
1 .1
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to vinyl chloride.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
No freshwater organisms have been tested with vinyl cloride and no state-
ment can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
No saltwater organisms have been tested with vinyl chloride and no state-
ment can be made concerning acute or chronic toxicity.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of vinyl chloride through ingestion of con-
taminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10~5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10"5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 20 yg/L, 2.0 yg/L, and 0.2
yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, exlcuding consumption of water, the levels are 5,246 yg/L, 525
yg/L, and 52.5 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.12-6
-------
Compound; 1,2-Dichloropropane
Formula; H Cl H
I ! I
Cl C C C H
I I I
H H H
Alternate Names; Propylene chloride;
Propylene dichloride
CAS tt; 78-87-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 113.0
melting point, °C; -100
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 96.8
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 42
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 2,700
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.28
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.82 x 10'3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: A-Significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.13-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Unknown
oxidation: Unknown
hydrolysis: Probably cannot compete with volatilization
volatilization: Volatilization most important transport process
sorption: Potential adsorption on clays
biological processes: This compound can be used as a carbon source by several
soil bacteria; biodegradation may be possible in
acclimated systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.13-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,2-Dichloropropane (1-8):
ABSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
5.86
0.60
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
600
0.01
2,700
240
0.001
11,000
1,100
96
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
CARBON
0
g ADSORBED/gm
b
E
2
^»
X
0.1
^
^
• ' •
•'
f'
Is
If .,
^
/
1
S
i*
1
_
• pH = 5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. (C), mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.13-2
-------
o
Co
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
•p- Raw wastewater
00
to
1— 1
1— '
K5
1 — '
OJ
1
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Text i 1 e Mills (a) ( d )
Number
of
samples
47
53
7
6
32
14
25
70
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
4
1
0
NA
«*
4
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
ND 2.0
37
NA NA
<10 480
2.0 100
uq/L
Mean
0.5
350
<130
49
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
p>
to
-P-
oo
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,2-D1CHLOROPROPANE
OJ
I
1 ndustry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Number
of
samples
51
53
28
1U
18
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
NA
2
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
NA NA
12 200
UQ/L
Mean
25
110
NA, not available. See Section I.I Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and .verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
rt
ID
h—
(S3
oo
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LITY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1 ,2-DI CHLOROPROPANE
NJ
1— '
1
Number of dataj^oints Range of
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular 2 65* - >99
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-combined precipitants 1 58
Fi It rat ion 1 NM
Flotation 1 NM
Activated Sludge 2 >99 - >99
Range of Vol ume 1 1
effluent section
cone. . uq/L number
1 1 1.3.
ND - BDL
1 1 1 .3.
200
BDL 1 1 1 .3.
930 III. 3.1
ND - ND 1 1 1 .3.
1
1.1
1.3
1.9
.10
2. 1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to dichloropropanes.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for dichloropropanes indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 23,000
and 5,700 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for dichloropropanes indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 10,300
and 3,040 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for dichloro-
propanes .
Date: 9/25/81 1.12.13-6
-------
Compound; 1,3-Dichloropropene
Formula;
CXL<" /O1
H NC1 if \
(trans) (cis)
Alternate Names; 1,3-Dichloropropylene
CAS #; 542-75-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 111.0
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 104 (cis isomer); 112 (trans isomer)
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 25
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 2,700 (cis isomer); 2,800 (trans isomer)
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.98
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.55 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability.- A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.14-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: No data available; direct photolysis of this compound in water
expected to be slow
oxidation: Not important in aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Very slow hydrolysis to 3-chloroallyl alcohol occurs
volatilization: Volatilization should be a major transport process
sorption: Sorption occurs on soils, especially those high in organic content
biological processes: Bioaccumulation may occur but will be slight; microbial
degradation possible especially in acclimated sewage
systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.14-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,3-Dichloropropene, (1,2-Dichloropropene) (1-8):
ADSORB ABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
8.21
0.46
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
320
0.01
1,000
93
0.001
3,000
300
27
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1UU
CARBON
o
g ADSORBED/gm
b
E
2
•^
X
0.1
^
•
*>*
\-
.''
•
, s*
^s"
ft
- *
•pH=5J
0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. CC^D. mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
10
Date: 1/24/83
1.12.14-2
-------
O
OJ
.— )•
(B
1/24/83
M
Ni
i__»
INDUSTRIAL
1 ndustry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Text Me Mills ( a ) ( d )
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
U7
53
7
32
10
1
68
1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
0
0
0
0
NA NA
0
1
concentrat ions^ UXL/L
Maximum Mean
NA 3,400
2.0
I
UJ
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Pi
rt
fl>
NJ
•C-
00
U>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
NJ
Industry
Coa I M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Text i I e Mills ( a ) ( c )
Number
of
samples
51
53
28
10
1
62
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations, ug/L
detections Minimum Maximum
0
0
0 -
NA NA NA
0
2 1.0 10
Mean
79
6.0
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
BJ
ft
o>
00
W POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CIS 1 , 3-DICHLOROPROPENE
Range of Vo I ume I 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Treatment process _ Pi lot sea le Ful I scale _ remova I . % _ cone. . uq/L _ number
Activated Sludge 1 NM 5.6 1 1 1. 3. 2.1
NM, not meaningful.
Ol
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR TRANS 1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
Range ofVoIumeTT1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale remova I. % cone.. uq/L number
Activated Sludge 1 NM 3.9 I 11.3.2.1
NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to dichloropropenes.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for dichloropropenes indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 6,060
and 244 pg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for dichloropropenes indicate that acute toxicity to
saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 790 yg/L, and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of dichloro-
propenes to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of
dichloropropenes ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms,
the ambient water criterion is determined to be 87 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of dichloro-
propenes ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient
water criterion is determined to be 14.1 mg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.12.14-6
-------
Compound; Hexachlorobutadiene
Formula: ci ci ci
I I I
c= c — c = c
I I I
CI CI CI
Alternate Names; HCBD; Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene
CAS ft; 87-68-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 260.8
melting point °C: -21
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 215
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.15
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L; 2
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.74
Henry's law constant (25°C): 10.3 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability.- D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria.- See page 1.12.15-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Absorption of sunlight too weak to make photolysis important
oxidation: Information not available
hydrolysis: Information not available
volatilization: Volatilization may be an important transport process
sorption: Strongly adsorbed by humus and organic soil matter
biological processes: Bioaccumulation occurs in some aquatic organisms;
no information on biodegradation in the environment;
May occur in acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.15-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Hexachlorobutadiene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
258
0.45
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE. POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.8
0.01
30
2.8
0.001
87
8.6
0.78
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
3 8
E
2
•-»
X
1.0
^
S~
**
-•;
^
^
•
^
^
x1
. '
_^
• pH=5.3
0.0001
0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. (CJ, mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C.-Purge and Trap
Date: 1/24/83
1.12.15-2
-------
o
(a
KJ
oo
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEXACHLOROBUTAD 1 ENE
Raw wastewater
M
NJ
Ul
UJ
1 ndustry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samples
49
1
53
7
33
6
Number
of
detections
0
1
0
0
0
NA
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
4
NA NA 62
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
03
N)
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE
Ln
I
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Number
of
samples
53
53
28
5
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
NA
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
NA NA
uq/L
Mean
0.01
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.15-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to hexachlorobutadiene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for hexachlorobutadiene indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 90 and
9.3 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species
that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for hexachlorobutadiene indicate that acute toxicity
to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 32 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of hexachloro-
butadiene to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of hexachlorobutadiene through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10'5, 10'6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 4.47 yg/L, 0.45 yg/L, and
0.045 yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 500
yg/L,.50 yg/L, and 5.0 yg/L respectively. Other concentrations representing
different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk
estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an
Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.15-6
-------
Compound: Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
Formula; el Cl
\ / Cl
>=c ^ <
c=c -— ci
/ \
Cl Cl
Alternate Names; HCCPD;
Perchlorocyclopentadiene
CAS ft; 77-47-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 272.8
melting point, °C: -9.9
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 239
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 0.081
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 1.8
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.99
Henry's law constant (25°C): 16.4 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.16-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Near-surface photolysis is an important process
oxidation: No specific data available
hydrolysis: Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis to tetrachlorocyclopentadienone
could occur only if HCCPD is adsorbed onto clay surface
volatilization: Appears to be important in flowing waters
sorption: Based on data for hexachlorobutadiene, adsorption onto organic
matter may be important
biological processes: Bioaccumulated in many organisms; biodegradation
in the environment is unknown; may occur in acclimated
sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.16-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
370
0.17
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
3.6
0.01
5.9
0.54
0.001
8.9
0.88
0.08
(a} Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
3 S §
0 0 O
0 O 0
E
2
X
10
0.0
*•
^— •
^l
-
• - — I"
-.1
01 0.01
..—•-"
•—
•=
^
0.1
• pH=5.3
1.0
10
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.16-2
-------
ho
J>
oo
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
Industry
Coa 1 Mi n ing (a )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samp les
U9
53
7
33
Number
of
detections
0
1
0
0
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrat ions^ u.q/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
<10
J_4 See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
ON
^ (a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
OJ
rf
n>
CO
LO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTADIENE
Coa
1 M i n i ng
Industry
(a)
Foundries
Ore
M i n i ng
and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
53
53
28
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations. M9/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.16-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to hexachlorocyclopentadiene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for hexachlorocyclopentadiene indicate that acute and
chronic toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low
as 7.0 and 5.2 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations
among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for hexachlorocyclopentadiene indicate that acute
toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 7.0 ng/L
and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive
than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of
hexachlorocyclopentadiene to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For comparison purposes, two approaches were used to derive criterion
levels for hexachlorocyclopentadiene. Based on available toxicity data, for
the protection of public health, the derived level is 206 yg/L. Using avail-
able organoleptic data, for controlling undesirable taste and odor quality of
ambient water, the estimated level is 1.0 yg/L. It should be recognized that
organoleptic data as a basis for establishing a water quality criterion have
limitations and have no demonstrated relationship to potential adverse human
health effects.
Date: 9/25/81 1.12.16-6
-------
Compound: Methyl bromide
Formula: H
H-C-Br
Alternate Names: Bromome thane ; Terabol;
Monobromome thane; Embafume
CAS tt; 74-83-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 94.94
melting point, °C: -93.6
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: 4.6
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1,420
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 900
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.1
Henry's law constant (25°C): 0.22 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradablilty : Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Probably not significant in aquatic systems
oxidation: Information not available for the aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Unvolatilized methyl bromide should undergo hydrolysis with
a half-life of less than 20 days
volatilization: Rapid volatilization is the dominant transport process
sorption: Too slow to compete with volatilization
biological processes: Not expected to be important; no data found
other reactions/ interactions : Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.17-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.17-2
-------
0
p
It
(D
-C-
00
NJ
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF METHYL BROMIDE
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Electrica 1 /Electronic Components (b)
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
U7
3
7
7
33
Number
of
detections
0
0
U
0
0
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
ND 2.0
_ug/L_
Mean
0.5
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
to
rt
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF METHYL BROMIDE
Coa 1 Mining
Foundries
Ore Mining
1 ndustr.v
(a)
and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
51
53
28
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound; Dichlorobromomethane
Formula: Rr.
i
C1-C-C1
A
Alternate Names; Bromodichloromethane
CAS tt; 75-27-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 163.8
melting point, °C: -57.1
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 90
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 50
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.88
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 2.12 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.18-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Information not available
oxidation: Information not available
hydrolysis: Too slow to be important
volatilization: Volatilization has been demonstrated, probably an important
transport mechanism
sorption: No information, but adsorption onto activated carbon has been
demonstrated
biological processes: Moderate potential for bioaccumulation; metaboliza-
tion by some aquatic species is known to occur;
biodegradation may occur in acclimated sewage systems
reactions/interactions: Dichlorobromomethane may be formed by a haloform re-
action following chlorination of drinking water if
sufficient bromide is present
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.18-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Dichlorobromomethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
7.9
0.61
1.00
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
500
0.01
2,100
190
0.001
8,700
860
78
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
j ADSORBED/gm CARBON
-* -- c
o o c
E
2
X
0.1
3
^
0>"
,/•
S
*
jS
s
s
I
*
- - I
s
, '
• pH = 5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1 1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cj), mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.18-2
-------
o
BJ
rt
to
-p-
oo
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DICHLOROBROMOMETHANE
oo
I
OJ
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of of Detected concentrations. uq/L
Industry samoles detections Minimum
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Rubber Processing
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 |ig/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
23
U7
1
18
U
53
18
22
3
1
68
33
16
28
16
5U
1
70
I .1
5
0
1
2
2
6
11
2
3
1
3
0
NA
1
1
1
1
1
I ntroduct ion
<0.9
10
<6.0
2.0
ND
0.03
<10
ND
NA
ND
for additional informat
Maximum
27
35
10
<10
37
10
O.U7
<10
<1.0
19
NA
27
2U
1U
<0.33
7.0
ion.
Mean
<11
10
<8.0
<12
2.0
0.25
<10
1.3
15
6.9
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating.
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DICHLOROBROMOMETHANE
NJ
J>
CD
OJ
M
*
NJ
CO
\
•p-
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Foundries
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
Rubber Processing
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( e )
Timber Products Processing
Number
of
samples
6
51
53
1
60
28
11
18
16
45
1
64
2
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
5
1
5
2
NA
0
0
4
1
2
2
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
<10 23
<1.0
ND 18
NA 10
NA NA
ND 5.0
<0.13
2.0 10
10 10
Mean
<13
3.0
6.6
7.3
0.5
6.0
10
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Detections >10 ng/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR D ICHLOROBROMOMETHANE
M
h-1
00
Ln
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Fi It rat ion
Flotation
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points Ranqe of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
1 NM
1 1 NM
1 >99
1 NM
1 2 >99
Range of Vol ume 1 1
effluent section
cone.. UQ/L number
1 1 1.3.
BDL
BDL - <10 I I I .3.
ND M 1.3.1
2.0 I I I .3.1
ND - 1.5 1 1 1 .3.
1
1.1
1.9
.10
.18
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to halomethanes.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for halomethanes indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 11,000 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of halo-
methanes to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for halomethanes indicate that acute and chronic
toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as 12,000
and 6,400 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among
species that are more sensitive than those tested. A decrease in algal cell
numbers occurs at concentrations as low as 11,500 yg/L.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcino-
genic effects due to exposure of chloromethane, bromomethane, dichloromethane,
bromodichloromethane, tribromomethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, trichloro-
fluoromethane, or combinations of these chemicals through ingestion of con-
taminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water con-
centration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the
lifetimes are estimated at 10'5, 10"6, and 10~7. [A risk of 10"5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 1.9 yg/L, 0.19 yg/L, and
0.019 yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 157
yg/L, 15.7 yg/L, and 1.57 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations represent-
ing different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The
risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not repre-
sent an Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.18-6
-------
Compound; Chlorodibromomethane
Formula:
Br
Br-C-Cl
ii
Alternate Names: Dibromochloromethane
CAS tt; 124-48-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 208.3
melting point, °C: <-20
boiling point (48 torr), °C: 119-120
vapor pressure (10.5°C), torr: 15
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.09
Henry's law constant (25°C): 0.783 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Information not available
oxidation: Information not available; not likely to occur
hydrolysis: Too slow to be important
volatilization: Volatilization has been demonstrated, probable important
transport mechanism
sorption: No information, but adsorption onto activated carbon has been
demonstrated
biological processes: Information not available, but bioaccumulation may
occur; resistant to microbial degradation
other reactions/interactions: May be formed by haloform reaction after
chlorination of water if sufficient bromide
is present
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.19-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Chlorodibromomethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
4.8
0.34
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON. Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
410
0.01
980
89
0.001
2,200
210
19
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
r* -* c
o o c
E
2
-^
X
0.1
^
(
.-^
^
«:
+*"
**
•.*
,
, ••"^
^
•
1^,
»*
,pH = 5.3
I
— *
i-
RESIDUAL CONG. (CA mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
Date: 1/2A/83
1.12.19-2
-------
G
rt
(D
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE
c»
LO
VO
CO
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mi n ing ( b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (f)
NA, not available; HO, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
of
samp
5
U7
1
28
53
16
22
68
33
12
26
12
1.1
of
les detections
3
0
1
5
1
10
10
6
0
NA
2
1
Introduction for add
Detected
Min imum
<0.3
5.0
NO
l.U
NO
NA
22
ND
concent rat ions.
Maximum
12
2
<10
<10
10
12
81
NA
U3
5.0
l-tq/L
Mean
<5.U
<9.0
2.0
5.2
5.U
11
32
1.5
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
ti-
ro
ho
*-
00
u>
M
I-1
ho
VO
1
INDUSTRIAL
1 ndustry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) (e)
OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
51
53
3
36
28
9
19
3
62
OF CHLORODIBROMOMETHANE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations,
detections Minimum Maximum
0
1 <10
3 32 32
5 NO 2,800
0
NA NA NA
0
0
1 1.0
uq/L
Mean
32
250
6.7
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 M9/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
a>
rt
CD
•P-
00
M
1— •
ro
^
VD
1
Ul
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY
Treatment process
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 rat ion
Sedimentation
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected;
WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CHLOROD 1 BROMOMETHANE
Range of
Number of data points Range of effluent
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone., uq/L
1 NM ND
1 75* BDL
1 NM <10
3 >99 ND - 1.0*
NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
I I I .3.1
II I .3.1
I I I .3.1
1 1 1.3. 1.
.3
.5
.9
18
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.19-6
-------
Compound; Bromoform
Formula: Br
Br-C-Br
H
Alternate Names; Tribromomethane;
Methenyl tribromide
CAS ft; 75-25-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]
molecular weight: 252.8
melting point, °C: 8.3
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 150
vapor pressure (34°C), torr: 10
solubility in water, mg/L: 3,010 at 15°C; 3,190 at 30°C
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.30
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 0.532 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Information not available for aquatic environment
oxidation: Information not available for aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Much too slow to be important
volatilization: Specific information not available; some volatilization
may occur
sorption: Specific information not available; carbon data suggests that some
sorption may occur on other particulates
biological processes: Specific information not available; potential for
bioaccumulation,- appears to be resistant to microbial
degradation
other reactions/interactions; Possibly produced by haloform reaction
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.20-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Bromoform (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
19.6
0.52
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (aD
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, C, mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
150
0.01
560
51
0.001
1,900
190
17
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
r* — c
o o c
2
^.
X
0.1
s
s
*
-------
0
rt
(D
K3
INDUSTR
IAL OCCURRENCE
OF BROMOFORM
•^ Raw wastewater
CO
U>
M
M
N3
N3
O
1
UJ
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (a)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (d)
Number
of
same les
47
1
53
5
7
66
33
U
18
Number
of
detect ions
0
1
2
3
0
5
0
NA
1
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
0.06
<10 <10
ND 10
ND 65
NA NA
ND 120
uq/L
Mean
<10
3
6.8
7.5
20
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >'\Q u.g/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
0
(to
CD
U>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BROMOFORM
Treated wastewater
M
I-"
KJ
KJ
0
1
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (c)
Number
of
samples
51
53
U9
28
u
18
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
3
0
NA
1
Detected concentrations. ug/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
ND HH 2.1
NA NA 7.5
ND 62 10
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 |ig/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except.as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
u
p
(0
s>
oo
to
*
ro
o
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR BROMOFORM
Treatment process
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
Range of
remova 1 . %
NM
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
3.0
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1 .3.2.
1
NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.20-6
-------
Compound: Dichlorodifluoromethane
Formula; cj
F-6-C1
J-
Alternate Names: Fluorocarbon-12;
Freon-12
CAS ft; 75-71-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 129,9
melting point, °C: -158
boiling point (760 torr), °C: -29.8
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 4,306
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 280
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.16
Henry's law constant (25°C): 2.88 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.18-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Probably not important in aquatic systems
oxidation: Not important in aquatic systems
hydrolysis: Too slow to be important
volatilization: Very rapid volatilization removes most of the compound
from water
sorption; Some potential for adsorption exists, but is greatly limited
by volatilization
biological processes: Potential for bioaccumulation and transformation
is offset by volatilization
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.21-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.21-2
-------
O
CD
00
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
47
53
7
33
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
0
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrat ionSj uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
03
rt
N)
TO
N)
N)
I-1
I
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
Treated wastewater
1 ndustry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
51
53
28
Number
of
detections
0
0
0
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
jjq/L
Mean
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound; Trichlorofluoromethane
Formula: c^
Cl-i-Cl
Alternate Names.- Fluorocarbon-11;
Freon-11
CAS tt; 75-69-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 137.4
melting point, °C: -111
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 23.8
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 667
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 1,100
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.53
Henry's law constant (25°C): 58.3 x 10'3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.18-5
Probable J'ate [1-7] :
photolysis: Not important in aquatic systems'
oxidation: Not expected to be important
hydrolysis: Not important under environmental conditions
volatilization: Rapid volatilization is the major transport process
sorption.- Potential for adsorption is greatly limited by volatilization
biological processes: Rapid volatilization precludes bioaccumulation
or degradation
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.22-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Trichlorofluoromethane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
5.6
0.24
0.90
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
280
0.01
530
48
0.001
930
92
8.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
b o c
E
2
^
X
0.1
-- —
~—
I
m
. '
_,
—
^
• •"^ •
•-
• pH=5.3
0.01
0.1 1.0 10.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
100.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.22-2
-------
o
rt
fl>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
to
-P-
oo
OJ
Raw wastewater
Number Number
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (g)
Text Me Mills ( b ) ( f )
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
of
of
samples detections
2
47
18
3
53
2
1U
9
33
11
12
76
ion 1.1
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
5
NA
1
2
Introduction for add
Detected
Minimum
2.6 x 10E5
ND
NA
NA
ND
27
concent rat ions,_
Maximum
2.0
2.9 x 10E5 2.8
8.1
100
10
NA
8.0
45
UQ/L
Mean
x 10E5
12
5.0
5.5
2.0
36
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
0
OJ
rt
(D
I-1
N)
4>
00
OJ
M
I-1
ro
•
ro
N)
1
1
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Pulp and Paperboard Mills
Texti le Mills (b) (d).
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samp les
2
51
53
8
11
28
9
3
67
TR I CHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
1 5.0
7 14 37
0
1 1.3
0
3 NA 10
NA NA NA
0
7 2.0 2,100
Mean
21
1.7
6.7
330
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
G
CO
rt
m
* •
I—-
N>
4>
00
u>
M
co
co
co
I
<_n
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 L 1 TY/TREATAB 1 LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR TR 1 CHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granu lar
F i 1 1 rat ion
F lotat ion
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-non-aerated
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
2 NM
22 NM
1 >99
6 96
1 >99
Range of Vo I ume I I
effluent section
cone.. ua/L number
I I I. 3.
BDL - 69
BDL - 6.0 1 I I. 3.
ND I I I .3.1
1.7-2,100 I I I .3.
I I I .3.
ND
I
1.1
1.9
.10
2.1
2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.22-6
-------
Compound ; Trichloroethylene
Formula:
cl
Cl
Alternate Names: Trichloroethene;
Ethylene trichloride;
Ethinyl trichloride;
Tri-Clene
CAS tt; 79-01-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 131.4
melting point, °C: -73
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 87
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 57.9
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 1,100
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.29
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 11.7 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.23-5
Probable Fate [1-7] :
photolysis: Little information on aqueous systems,- probably does not occur
oxidation: Not important except for photooxidation
hydrolysis: Not important under environmental conditions
volatilization: Rapid volatilization is the major transport process
sorption: Some sorption on particulates especially those high in organic
content. However, this process cannot compete with volatilization
as a transport process
biological processes: Evidence of bioaccumulation, but not magnification,
exists; may be biodegraded by acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.23-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Trichloroethylene (1-8) :
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
28
0.62
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
130
0.01
620
56
0.001
2,600
260
23
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
100
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
b o
E
2
»x
X
0.1
^
/
'
JS
t
,*'
?>
..s
s
^
J
?
-^M-
s
/
• pH"S.3
0.0001
0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cf, mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. Purge and Trap
Date: 1/24/83
1.12.23-2
-------
o
D>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE
00
U)
N3
U)
OJ
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (j)
Co i 1 Coa ting ( k )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a) (!)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
Number
of
samples
18
47
1
18
1
53
43
28
53
124
36
1
95
33
33
28
16
69
1
3
11
78
Number
of
detections
11
1
1
2
1
23
16
13
13
92
18
1
17
0
NA
19
0
28
1
3
2
24
Detected
Mini mum
<0.5
10
ND
0.0
6.0
<10
ND
0.02
ND
NA
<5.0
ND
0.4
0.57
1.0
concent rat
Maximum
800
3.0
20
20
430
10
3,100
3,500
280
1.3 x 10E5
120
<10
900
NA
40,000
850
<0.1
27
<4.0
5,600
ions, u.g/L
Mean
<240
15
<5.7
170
<300
<72
8,500
14
59
43
<2,600
49
9.7
<2.3
300
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ug/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Data presented are for phenanthrene/trichloroethylene.
(j) Detections may include values less than 5 Ug/L.
(k) Reference reports 0.0 ug/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 ug/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
u
{U
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TRICHLOROETHYLENE
oo
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Co i 1 Coat ing ( i )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ng/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
samples
2
51
10
8
53
8
1
81
28
29
18
16
63
1
10
91
T
Number
of
detections
2
3
5
3
15
5
1
12
0
NA
8
1
3
1
0
16
1.1 Introduction for add
reated wastewater
Detected concentrations,^
Mini mum
6
1.0
3.0
0.0
<10
0.1
ND
NA
<10
ND
1.0
itional informat
Maximum
30
3.0
64
14
140
5.0
11
330
NA
300
<1 0
11
<0. 1
130
ion.
UQ/L
Mean
18
2.0
<20
4.7
<30
1.3
16
5.9
<84
0.7
33
(i) Reference reports 0.0 ng/L for detections less than
detection limit 10 ug/L.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted.
-------
a
(U
rt
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATAB1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR TR ICHLOROETHYLENE
1-1 Range of
N3
oo
OJ
M
»— *
•
Co
Ol
Treatment process
Chemical Oxidation
-ozone
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a 1 urn
-combined precipitants
- 1 i me
-sodium carbonate
-sodium hydroxide
-unspec i f ied
Chemical Precipitation with Filtration
-1 ime
Chemical Reduction
Fi It rat ion
Flotat ion
Reverse Osmosis
Sed imentat ion
Stripping
Activated Sludge
Trickl ing Fi 1 ters
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
5
3
5
1
1
1
1
2
5 7
2
2
u
3
13
1
Range of
remova I . %
NM
10 - >99
>99 - >99
>99
NM
NM
NM
NM
NM
0 - >99
86
17*
21 - 93
23 - >99
0 - >99
NM
eff 1
cone
0
ND
ND
ND
1
2
0.1*
ND
6.0
BDL
33
ND
ND
uent
.. UQ/L
.9
- 190
- 300
- 0.1
.0
11
1U
.1
- 1.0
- 2,000
- 30
- 0.14
- 3,000
- 34,000
- 8U
1
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
III. 3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1 .3.1
I I I .3.1
I I I. 3.
I I I. 3.
I
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.U
1.9
.10
.16
.18
.19
2.1
2.5
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to trichloroethylene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for trichloroethylene indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 45,000 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of tri-
chloroethylene to sensitive freshwater aquatic life but adverse behavioral
effects occur to one species at concentrations as low as 21,900 yg/L.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for trichloroethylene indicate that acute toxicity to
saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 2,000 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of trichloro-
ethylene to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic
effects due to exposure of trichloroethylene through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10~5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 27 yg/L, 2.7 yg/L, and 0.27 yg/L, respectively.
If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only,
excluding consumption of water, the levels are 807 yg/L, 80.7 yg/L, and 8.07
yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk levels
may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is pre-
sented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment on
an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.23-6
-------
Compound ; 1 ,1-Dichloroethylene
Formula;
\
Cl H
Alternate Names: 1 , 1-Dichloroethene; Vinylidine chloride;
Vinylidene chloride; 1,1 -DCE
CAS ft; 75-35-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 96.94
melting point, °C: -122
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: 37
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 591
solubility in water (20°C) , mg/L: 400
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.48 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 15.0 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria-. See page 1.12.24-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Aquatic photodissociation is precluded by volatilization
oxidation: Information not available for the aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Too slow to be important
volatilization: Rapid volatilization is the main transport process
sorption: Probably cannot compete with volatilization as a transport process
biological processes: Very low potential for bioaccumulation,- biodegradation
probably too slow to be important; may occur in
acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.24-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 1,1-Dichloroethylene (l-8):
ADSORBABIUTY
FOeUNOLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coet. r
pH
5.3
4,91
0.54
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
O
oo
O
E
•S?
o
LU
CO
a*
o
o»
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
640
0.01
2.400
220
0.001
8.600
850
77
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
100
10
1.0
0.1
= 5.3
0.001 0.01 0.1 i,0
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
f
10
Dates 10/8/82
1.12.24-2
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,1-DICHLOROETHYLENE
rt
(D
00
U>
r-o
to
1
OJ
Raw wastewater
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Coi 1 Coating ( j )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling (k)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text! le Mills (b) (g)
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See Section
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 ng/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Number
of
Number
of
samples detections
5
47
1
6
17
30
28
53
128
7
1
k
85
32
22
27
1
3
11
72
1.1 1 ntroduct
3
3
1
3
5
2
5
0
72
0
0
4
9
2
NA
9
1
3
0
4
ion for add
Detected
M i n imum
<2.0
3.0
18
NO
0.0
<10
ND
10
ND
NA
NA
<5.0
11
10
concentrat ions.
Maximum
23
3.0
0.03
140
<10
36
71
10,000
20
6,100
10
NA
620
<1.7
25
84
uq/L
Mean
<9.3
3.0
61
<5.0
18
<25
650
14
170
6.6
200
<79
18
41
itional information.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5 ug/L.
(j) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for detections less
than detection limit 10 i^g/L.
(k) 1 , 1-d ichloroethylene was not detected during
program and was not detected in the verificat
the screening
ion program.
Information represents data from the USEPA verific9tion program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
to
to
.e-
i
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1 , 1 -DICHLOROETHYLENE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa I M i n i ng ( a )
Co i 1 Coa t i ng
Foundries
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (c)
Text! le Mills (a) (e)
Number
of
samples
51
3
53
2
59
28
15
18
1
12
64
Number
of
detections
3
0
0
2
8
0
NA
U
1
1
U
Detected concentrations. ug/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
3.0 3.0 3.0
10 10 10
ND U,100 120
NA NA 6.8
6.0 22 <12
<10
1.0 UU 15
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(d) Detections >10 ng/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
(0
rr
(T)
i— i
•P-
00
u>
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATABI L 1 TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 1 , 1 -DICHLOROETHYLENE
Range of
!__
!°
.p-
Ul
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-a lum
-combined precipitants
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1 1
2
2
2 4
2
2
Range of
remova I . %
>99
>99
>99
40 - 76*
87
41
eff 1
cone
ND
ND
ND
ND
40
<1.7
uent
. . uq/L
- 1.4
- <10
- 22
- 130
- 70
- 5.8
Vo 1 ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 I 1 .3. 1
I I I .3.
1
1.1
1.3
1.9
.18
2. 1
ND, not detected; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to dichloroethylenes.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for dichloroethylenes indicate that acute toxicity to
freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 11,600 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No definitive data are available concerning the chronic toxicity
of dichlorethylenes to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for dichlorethylenes indicate that acute toxicity to
saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 224,000 yg/L and
would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than
those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of di-
chloroethylenes to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of 1,1-dichloroethylene through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
concentration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10'6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 0.33 yg/L, 0.033 yg/L, and
0.0033 yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of
aquatic organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 18.5
yg/L, 1.85 yg/L, and 0.185 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations represent-
ing different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guideline's. The
risk estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not repre-
sent an Agency.judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for 1,2-dichloro-
ethylene.
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.24-6
-------
Compound; 1,2-Trans-dichloroethylene
Formula: H ,,-1
- H Cl
Cl H
Alternate Names; Trans-l,2-dichloroethene;
Trans-acetylene dichloride;
Dioform; sym dichloroethylene
CAS tt; 540-59-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 96.94
melting point, °C: -50
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 47.5
vapor pressure (14°C), torr: 200
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 600
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.48 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 5.32 x 10~3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.24-5
Probable Fate [1-8]:
photolysis: Information not available for the aquatic environment
oxidation: Information not available for the aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Probably too slow to be important
volatilization: Rapid volatilization is the major transport process
sorption: Not important
biological processes: Very low potential for bioaccumulation; biodegradation
probably too slow to be important; may degrade in
acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.25-1
-------
Carbon AdSOrption Data, 1, 2-Trans-dichloroethylene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
6.7
3.05
0.51
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
950
0.01
3,400
310
0.001
11,00
1,100
100
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 6.7
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
^
0 0 C
E
2
>»•
X
0.1
4
-'
^
i
s*
^
=
^
^
^
•\'
m PH=6.7
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
RESIDUAL CONG. (C^D, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.25-2
-------
o
CU
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1,2-TRANS-DICHLOROETHYLENE
N>
-P-
oo
U>
NJ
NJ
I
Raw wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mi n ing ( b )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (g) (h)
Coi 1 Coat ing ( i )
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Sect
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 \ig/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Detections may include values less than 5
(i) Reference reports 0.0 u.g/L for detections
than detection limit 10 ug/L.
Number
of
samples
5
U7
18
24
17
30
3
53
22
13
1
78
32
28
25
16
1
68
Number
of
detect ions
3
1
1
7
U
3
0
2
17
1
1
11
0
NA.
3
1
1
6
ion 1.1 Introduction for add
IJ9/L.
less
Detected concentrat ions^ uq/L
Minimum
<2.0
<0.3
ND
0.0
<11
ND
ND
NA
<5.0
2.0
i t iona I informat
Max imum
460
10
30
110
<10
43
U3
1,700
2,200
10
U80
NA
260
20
3.3
360
ion.
Mean
<160
<18
<5.0
25
<27
190
16
61
<92
66
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
p>
ft
(0
M
NJ
-C-
oo
u>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 1 ,2-TRANS-DICHLOROETHYLENE
Treated wastewater
M
M
NJ
NJ
l/i
-e-
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Coi 1 Coating
Foundries
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text! le Mills (a) (d)
Number
of
samples
51
3
53
1
51
28
25
18
16
62
Number
of
detections
11
0
2
1
U
1
NA
6
1
1
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
ND 10
<10 <10
10
ND 75
270
NA NA
<5.0 190
<10
7.0
uq/L
Mean
2.0
<10
H.H
12
10 u.g/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
rt
fl>
1/24/83
M
H- '
N>
10
99
2 32 - >99
Range of Volume 1 1
effluent section
cone.. iiq/L number
1.1 - 1,100
2.1
190
<5.0
21
BDL
31 - 690
5.0 - 19
ND - 1.3 x 10E6
ND - 8.2
I 1 I. 3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 11.3.
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
I 1 1.3.1
I I I .3.1
1 I I .3.
1
1 . 1
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.9
.18
.19
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.12.25-6
-------
Compound ; Tetrachloroethylene
Formula: ci
Cl Cl
Alternate Names; Tetrachloroethene;
Ethylene tetrachloride;
Perchloroethylene
CAS tt; 127-18-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-7, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 165.8
melting point, °C: -22.7
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 121
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 14
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 150-200
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.88
Henry's law constant (25°C): 28.7 x 10'3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: A-significant degradation, gradual adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.12.26-5
Probable Fate [1-7]:
photolysis: Information not available for the aquatic environment
oxidation: Not significant in the aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Probably too slow to be important
volatilization: Rapid volatilization is the primary transport process
sorption: Too slow to compete with volatilization
biological processes: Moderate potential for bioaccumulation; possible
biodegradation by higher organisms; may degrade
in acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.26-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Tetrachloroethylene (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
50.8
0.56
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION,Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
64
0.01
260
23
0.001
940
93
8.5
(a) Carbon closes in mg/L at pH 5.3
1,000
O
CD
ce
<
o
E
CO
on
o
C71
X
100
10
1.0
lpH = 5.3
0.001
0.01 0.1
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
1.0
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: G.C. - Purge and Trap
Date: 10/8/82
1.12.26-2
-------
o
ft)
rt
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
00
I
(-0
Raw wastewater
Number Number
of
Industry samp
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Inorganic Chemicals Manufacturing (b)
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Battery Manufacturing (h) (i)
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (h) 1
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Porcelain Enameling
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1
(a ) Screen ing data .
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(i) Detections may include values less than 5 u.g/L.
(j) Tetrachloroethylene was not detected during the
27
47
1
9
18
4
18
28
53
15
21
4
95
33
19
29
16
96
1
1
11
78
. 1
of
les detections
20
0
1
5
4
4
5
15
9
78
10
2
18
2
NA
21
1
17
1
1
2
24
Introduction for add
Detected concentrations. u.g/L
Win imum
0.5
<10
10
5.0
ND
0.2
<1 o
ND 1 .
0.01
<10
ND
NA
NA
<5.0
ND
0.4
1.0
i t iona I i nformat
Maximum
93,000 <1
36
1,200
150
<4,000 <1
<10
800
370
1 X 10E5
96
<10
310
11
NA
4,900
>50
220
1.4
15
<10
1,100
ion.
Mean
1 .000
<370
56
9,000
<6.0
<120
<1 1 0
4,200
8.9
<10
15
7.8
5,100
<680
13
<5.2
180
screen ing
program, and was not detected in the verification
program.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Co iI Coat ing.
-------
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
rt-
(D
h-1
NJ
-O
oo
£
Ni
1
-P-
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills (h)
Rubber Processing
Steam Electric Power Plants (e)
Text i 1 e Mills ( b ) ( g )
Number
of
samp les
6
51
12
16
53
8
81
28
It
19
16
87
1
11
96
Number
of
detect ions
5
17
6
Tt
19
6
11
1
NA
8
2
6
1
0
19
Detected
Mini mum
2.0
1.0
5.0
<0.3
1.0
1.3
ND
NA
6.0
ND
1.0
concentrations,
Maximum
1,000
81
70
3,000
1,000
2.5
190
1.1
NA
700
57
<0.1
370
Mean
U60
12
<2U
<250
<88
1.9
1 ty
[t~7
<190
2.3
59
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(f) Detections >10 &ig/L.
(g) Mean calculated using medians.
(h) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
G
(B
rt
n>
i— •
IS5
CO
CO
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
Treatment process
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular 2 1
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-alum 6
-combined precipitants 3
- I i me 2
-sodium carbonate 1
M -sodium hydroxide 1
•
N3
N3
I
01
-unspecified
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 rat ion
F lotat ion
Oi 1 Sepa ration
Sed i mentation
Stripping
Ul traf i Itration
Activated Sludge
Lagoons
-aerated
1
2
4 8
6
3
7
3
2
12
1
Range of
remova I . %
>99
95
0
0
13
50
37
93
55
68
- >99
- >99
NM
NM
>99
NM
38
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- >99
- 99
- >99
>99
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL
ND
ND
ND
<
BDL
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
16
ND
- 32
- 700
- 7.0
- 1.0
17
ND
= 10
- 5.0
- 210
- 1,000
- 71
- 93
- 6,800
- 200
- to
ND
Vo I ume I I
section
number
I I 1 .3.
II 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1.3.
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1 .3. 1
1 II .3.1
I II. 3.1
I I I .3.1
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1.3.
1
1 .1
1.3
1.5
1.9
.10
.14
.18
.19
.21
2.1
2.2
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to tetrachloroethylene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for tetrachloroethylene indicate that acute and
chronic toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as
5,280 and 840 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations
among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for tetrachloroethylene indicate that acute and
chronic toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occur at concentrations as low as
10,200 and 450 yg/L, respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations
among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of tetrachloroethylene through ingestion of
contaminated water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
concentration should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. [There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen].
However, zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the
levels which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the life-
time are estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10"5, for example,
indicates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000
people exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 8.0 yg/L, 0.8 yg/L, and 0.08
yg/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 88.5 yg/L, 8.85
yg/L, and 0.88 yg/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date-. 12/22/82 1.12.26-6
-------
Compound; Allyl chloride
Formula; H H H
\=C-C-cl
H A
Alternate Names; Chloroallylene; 3-Chloro-l-propene;
3-Chloropropylene; 2-Propenyl chloride
CAS ft; 107-05-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-18, 1-28] :
molecular weight: 76.53
melting point, °C: -134
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 44-45
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 368
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Slightly soluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : >0.4 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate;
photolysis: Information not available for the aquatic environment
oxidation: Information not available for the aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Slow hydrolysis to allyl,alcohol
volatilization: Major transport fate
sorption: Information unavailable
biological processes: Information unavailable
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.27-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.27-2
-------
Compound; 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid
Formula; H Cl 0
H—C—C—C—OH
H Cl
Alternate Names; 2,2-Dichloropropanoic acid
CAS ft: 75-99-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4] :
molecular weight: 143
melting point, °C; Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C; 185-190
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L; Very soluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate;
photolysis: C-Cl bond can photolyze
oxidation: Probably not important
hydrolysis: Slow hydrolysis to a-ketopropionic acid
volatilization: Probably not important
sorption-. Information not available
biological processes: Information not available
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.12.28-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.28-2
-------
Compound; Phosgene
Formula: rl
XL
"Si
Alternate Names; Chloroformyl chloride;
Carbonyl chloride;
Carbonic acid dichloride
CAS tt; 75-44-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6] :
molecular weight: 98.92
melting point, °C: -118
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 8.1
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1,220
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available, compound decomposes
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate;
photolysis: Can occur, but cannot compete with hydrolysis
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Rapid hydrolysis to C02 and HCl principal fate
volatilization: Probably does not compete with hydrolysis
sorption: Data not available
biological processes: Data not available
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.12.29-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12,29-2
-------
Compound; Ethylene dibromide
Formula; H H
Br-C-C-Br
AA
Alternate Names.- Ethylene bromide;
1,2-Dibromoethane;
Glycoldibromide; EDB
CAS ft; 106-93-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 187.9
melting point, °C: 9.97
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 132
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 11
solubility in water (30°C), mg/L: 4,310
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 8.82 x 10"4 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate;
photolysis: Information not available for the aquatic environment
oxidation: Information not available for the aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Slow
volatilization: Probable major transport mechanism
sorption: Information not available
biological processes: Information not available
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.30-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.30-2
-------
Compound ; Epichlorohydrin
Formula; H H
Alternate Names; 3-Chloro-l,2-epoxypropane;
(Chloromethyl) ethylene oxide
CAS tt: 106-89-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-18, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 92.53
melting point, °C: -48.0
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 116
vapor pressure (16.6°), torr: 10
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Insoluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.42 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate:
photolysis: Information not available for the aquatic environment
oxidation: Information not available for the aquatic environment
hydrolysis: Slow
volatilization: Probable major transport mechanism
sorption: Information unavailable
biological processes: Information unavailable
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.12.31-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.12.31-2
-------
Compound ; a-Endosulfan
Formula: Cl.
Cl
Alternate Names: 6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-l,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-
6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo(3)-dioxathiepin-3-oxide
Cas_J: 115-29-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-21]:
molecular weight: 407
melting point, °C: 108-110
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 1 x 10"5
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 0.53
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.55
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.1-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: C-Cl bond photolysis is possible, could be important
oxidation: Probably not important
hydrolysis: Hydrolysis of sulfite group may be rapid; probably important
above pH 7
volatilization: Could be important
sorption: Is an important process
biological processes: Bioaccumulates: resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.1-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, a-Endosuifan (.1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
194
0.50
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L.
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
15
0.01
50
4.6
0.001
160
16
1.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1UU
CARBON
o
g ADSORBED/gm
b
E
2
•^.
X
0.1
^
^~
s*
*
"
^f
I
S
^
}
*
I
. ^f
, ^"
S*
s
'''
^
•
*s
^
• pH = 5.3
*•"
„
I
r
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01
RESIDUAL CONC. (Cf), mg/L
0.1
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
REMARKS: Data were obtained on a mixture containing 62% alpha and 38% beta
isomers.
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.1-2
-------
o
fa
rt
(D
t— •
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
OF ALPHA-ENDOSULFAN
*^ Raw wastewater
oo
u>
M
l — >
l — >
1
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) ( d )
Number
of
samples
45
5
53
9
7
56
33
17
50
Number
of
detect ions
3
2
10
6
0
1
1
0
1
Detected concent rationsj
Minimum Maximum
0.1 2.2
1.2 1.8
<5.0 <5.0
ND 28
ND 15
10
1.0
uq/L
Mean
1.5
1.5
<5.0
10
3.2
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 uxj/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
to
CO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ALPHA-ENDOSULFAN
Treated wastewater
M
CO
1
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
47
17
53
34
28
17
Number
of
detections
0
5
2
0
0
0
Detected
Min imum
0.01
<5.0
ND
concentrations.
Maximum
28
<5.0
0.6
uq/L
Mean
6.0
<5.0
0.2
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >1Q ug/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of a 11 subcategories due to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paper-board Mills.
-------
to
rt
ffi
c»
U5
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ALPHA-ENDOSULFAN
H
U>
1
Ul
Treatment process
Oi 1 Sepa rat i on
Sedimentat ion
Ul traf i 1 trat ion
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
1
1
Range of
remova I , %
>99
NM
NM
Range of
effluent
cone. . nq/L
ND
BDL
BDL
Vo I ume I I
sect ion
number
I I I. 3.1
I I 1.3.1
I I 1.3.1
I
.14
.18
.21
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to endosulfan.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For endosulfan the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life as
derived using the Guidelines is 0.056 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the con-
centration should not exceed 0.22 yg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For endosulfan the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.0087 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 0.034 yg/L at any time.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of endo-
sulfan ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient
water criterion is determined to be 74 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of endo-
sulfan ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient
water criterion is determined to be 159 yg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.13.1-6
-------
Compound; Endosulfan sulfate
Formula:
Alternate Names: 6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-l,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-
6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepin-3,3-dioxide
Case #: 1031-07-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-8]:
molecular weight: 423
melting point, °C: 198-201
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 0.117
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.66
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.1-5
Probable Fate [1-1]:
photolysis: No information available
oxidation: Probably not important
hydrolysis: Probably an important process
volatilization: No information available
sorption: Sorption is probably an important fate
biological processes: Resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Endosulfan sulfate (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
686
0.81
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.5
0.01
60
5.5
0.001
390
39
3.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
IUU
CARBON
o
o>
g ADSORBED/
o
E
2
X
0.1
A
/
i
/
i
/
• s
/
• f
•V-
.t
/
7
^
/
/
s
-f
>
/•
/
/
/
\\s
^
/
/
• pH«5.3
s
1
0.00001
0.0001 0.001 0.01
RESIDUAL CONC. (C^), mg/L
0.1
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.2-2
-------
o
CO
ft
1/24/83
M
t-o
1
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
46
53
*
(b) 7
(c) (d) 26
33
17
ENDOSULFAN SULFATE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
0
6 <5.0 <5.0
k 0.9 16
0
0 ND 0.03
0
1 <5.0
uq/L
Mean
<5.0
10
NA
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 iig/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
03
00
S3
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ENDOSULFAN SULFATE
1 ndustry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
U9
53
8
28
17
Number
of
detections
0
1
0
0
0
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
<5.0 <5.0
ND 0.2
Mean
<5.0
0.1
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ug/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound: p-Endosulfan
Formula: ci Cl
Cl
Alternate Names: 6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-l,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-
6,9-methano-2,4,3-benzo(e)dioxathiepin-3-oxide
CAS tt; 115-29-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-21]:
molecular weight: 407
melting point, °C: 207-209
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 1 x 10~5
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 0.28
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.62
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.1-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: C-Cl bond photolysis is possible, could be important
oxidation: Probably not important
hydrolysis: Hydrolysis of sulfite group could be rapid, probably important
above pH 7
volatilization: Could be important
sorption: Is an important process
biological processes: Resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.3-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, e-Endosuifan (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coel. r
PH
5.3
615
0.83
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
10
0.01
74
6.7
0.001
500
50
4.5
(a] Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
ng ADSORBED/gm CARBON
b o
2
^
X
0.1
X
^
7
/
/
'
/
'\
g
f
\-
U"
/
• >
/
*
/
s
•
^
S
1
'
•
X
/\
/
/
• pH=5.3
*"
7
0.00001 0.0001 0.001 0.01
RESIDUAL CONC. (C^), mg/L
0.1
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
REMARKS: Data were obtained on a mixture containing 62% alpha and 38% beta
isomers.
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.3-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
1— •
W
OJ
OJ
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Suppl ies
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text! le Mills (a) (d)
ND, not detected. See Section 1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
45
53
2
(b) 7
(c) (e) (f) U2
33
17
50
1.1 Introduction for additiona
BETA-ENDOSULFAN
Raw
Number
of
detect ions
2
7
2
0
1
0
1
1
1 information.
wastewater
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
2.2 2.2
<5.0 <5.0
0.2 6.0
ND 15
13
5.0
M-9/k_
Mean
2.2
<5.0
3.0
3.1
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ng/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
fu
rt
It
H-1
NJ
00
M
UJ
*
UJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
Industry samples
Coal Mining (a) 47
Foundries 53
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (d) 38
Ore Mining and Dressing (a) 28
Pet ro 1 eum Ref i n i ng ( a ) 17
BETA-ENDOSULFAN
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
0
7 <5.0 <5.0
0 ND 0.2
0
0
UQ/L
Mean
<5.0
0.1
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 Mg/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paper-board Mills.
-------
Alternate Names: Hexachlorocyclohexane;
Benzenehexachloride;
HCCH; HCH; TBH
CAS tt; 319-84-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-6]:
molecular weight: 290.8
melting point, °C: 157-158
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Decomposes at 288
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 2.5 x 10'5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 2.0
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.81
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.4-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: C-C1 bond photolysis can occur, not important in aquatic systems
oxidation: Not an important process
hydrolysis: Very slow, not important
volatilization: Information contradictory as to how important process is
sorption: Important for transport to anaerobic sediments
biological processes: Some bioaccumulation; biodegradation could be important
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.4-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, CX-BHC (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.4
303
0.43
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.0
0.01
24
2.2
0.001
64
6.4
0.6
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.4
l.UUU
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
o i
E
2
^
X
1.0
^^
**~
^tZ.
m
m
f
'•
,x
^
-------
o
(0
rt
(0
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ALPHA-BHC
to
OD
Raw wastewater
Number
of
Industry samples
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Leather Tanning and Finishing (g)
A 1 urn i num Fo rm i ng
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text i 1 e Mills ( a ) ( e )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 ng/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Data presented are for a Ipha-BHC/beta-BHC.
(h) Mean is not representative of all subcategories
to lack of data.
45
18
3
3
53
10
7
77
33
3
1
17
50
Number
of
detections
5
0
1
0
9
7
0,
0
5
NA
0
1
5
.1 Introduction for add
due
Detected
Mini mum
1.1
<5.0
ND
ND
NA
NA
2.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
2.6
1.0
26
18
0.2
10
NA
<10
5.0
uq/L
Mean
2.1
<7.0
6.0
0.1
5.3
10
U.O
itional information.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
U>
-P-
1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ALPHA-BHC
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Petroleum Refining
Text Me Mills ( a ) ( d )
Number
of
samples
47
21
53
47
28
3
1
17
50
Number
of
detect ions
3
8
13
0
3
NA
0
0
1
Detected
Min imum
0.1
0.01
<5.0
ND
NA
NA
concentrat ions.
Maximum
2.2
18
6.0
0.7
5.0
NA
1.0
Mean
1.5
4.3
<5.0
0.1
5.0
10
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Detections >10 u,g/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(U
N>
oo
OJ
M
U>
1
Ol
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi It rat ion
Oi 1 Separation
Sedimentat ion
U 1 traf i 1 1 rat ion
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
1 NM
1 91*
1 1 77
2 86*
1 NM
1 79*
ALPHA - BHC
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
1.9
BDL
1.9 - 6.0
ND - BDL
BDL
BDL
Vo I ume I I
section
number
I I I .3.
I I 1 .3.
I I I .3.
I I I .3. 1
I I I. 3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1
7.1
1.5
1.9
.14
.18
.21
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to hexachlorocyclohexane.
Lindane
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For lindane the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.080 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 2.0 yg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For saltwater aquatic life the concentration of lindane should not exceed
0.16 yg/L at any time. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity
of lindane to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
BHC
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for a mixture of isomers of BHC indicate that acute
toxicity to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 100
yg/L and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more
sensitive than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic
toxicity of a mixture of isomers of BHC to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for a mixture of isomers of BHC indicate that acute
toxicity to saltwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 0.34
yg/L and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are more
sensitive than those tested. No data are available concerning the chronic
toxicity of a mixture of isomers of BHC to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of alpha-HCH through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the lifetimes
are estimated at 10"5, 10~6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example, indi-
cates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people
exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 92 ng/L, 9.2 ng/L, and 0.92 ng/L,
respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.4-6
-------
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 310 ng/L,
31.0 ng/L, and 3.1 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing
different risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk
estimate range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an
Agency judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic
effects due to exposure of beta-HCH through ingestion of contaminated water
and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration should be
zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical. [There is no
recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However, zero level
may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may
result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the lifetimes are esti-
mated at 10~5, 10~6, and 10" 7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people ex-
posed]. The corresponding criteria are 163 ng/L, 16.3 ng/L, and 1.63 ng/L,
respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, exluding consumption of water, the levels are 547 ng/L, 54.7
ng/L, and 5.47 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcinogenic
effects due to exposure of tech-HCH through ingestion of contaminated water
and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration should be
zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical. [There is no
recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However, zero level
may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may
result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the lifetimes are esti-
mated at 10~5, 10~6, and 10'7. [A risk of 10~5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people ex-
posed]. The corresponding criteria are 123 ng/L, 12.3 ng/L, and 1.23 ng/L,
respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 414 ng/L, 41.4
ng/L, and 4.14 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of gamma-HCH through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentrations
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10"5, 10~6, and 10'7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 186 ng/L, 18.6 ng/L, and 1.86 ng/L, respectively.
If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms only,
excluding consumption of water, the levels are 625 ng/L, 62.5 ng/L, and 6.25
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.4-7
-------
ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk levels
may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is pre-
sented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment on
an "acceptable" risk level.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for delta-HCH.
Using the present guidelines, a satisfactory criterion cannot be derived
at this time due to the insufficiency in the available data for epsilon-HCH.
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.4-8
-------
Compound: [J-BHC
Formula:
Alternate Names: Hexachlorocyclohexane;
Benzene hexachloride;
HCCH; HCH; TBH
CAS ft; 319-85-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-6]:
molecular weight: 290.8
melting point, °C: 309
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Sublimes
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 2.8 x 10"7
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.24
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.80
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.4-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: C-C1 photolysis can occur, not important in aquatic systems
oxidation: Not an important process
hydrolysis: Very slow, not important
volatilization: Information contradictory as to how important process is
sorption: Important for transport to anaerobic sediments
biological processes: Some bioaccumulation,- biodegradation could be important
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.5-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, B-BHC (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.4
220
0.49
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
13
0.01
43
3.9
0.001
130
13
1.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.4
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
_i O C
o o c
E
2
^s.
X
1.0
^
4^
1
I
s*
S*
+
m
m
i '
^
s*
s
,'\
^
.^
^
^
•
1
2
>
s-
• pH = 5.4
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. (Cj), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
REMARKS: Isotherm measured using a mixture containing 71% beta isomer and
29% alpha isomer.
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.5-2
-------
o
0>
it
n>
I— '
NJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BETA-BHC
*~ Raw wastewater
00
to
M
i—1
u>
Cn
UJ
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Leather Tanning and Finishing (g)
A 1 urn i num Fo rm i ng
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text! le Mills (a) (e)
Number
of
samples
U5
18
3
U
53
7
7
85
33
17
50
Number
of
detections
6
0
1
0
8
U
0
0
5
3
2
Detected
Mini mum
0.33
<5.0
ND
ND
NA
0.7
1.0
concentrations.
Maximum
2.2
18
70
U.O
U.5
10
<5.0
1.0
uq/L
Mean
1.5
<15
1.0
0.3
6.1
<3.6
1.0
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 |ig/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Data presented are for a Ipha-BHC/beta-BHC.
(h) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/2A/83
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF BETA-BHC
Treated wastewater
M
U>
1
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text Me Mills ( a ) ( c )
Number
of
samples
U7
11
53
55
28
17
50
Number
of
detections
3
13
12
0
1
1
1
Detected
Min imum
0.26
0.02
<5.0
ND
concentrations
Maximum
2.2
5.0
55
0.3
5.0
<5.0
1.0
. uq/L
Mean
1.6
<0.55
<11
0.1 '
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ug/L.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
(B
NJ
00
U>
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LI TY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
M
•
U>
V
Ul
Treatment process
Coagulation and Flocculation
Fi 1 1 rat ion
Oi 1 Separation
Sed imentat ion
Ultraf i 1 tration
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
1
2
1
1
1
Range of
remova 1 . %
NM
21
NM
NM
50*
>99
BETA - BHC
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
BDL
55
BDL - BDL
BDL
BDL
ND
Vo 1 ume 1 1
section
number
1 1 1.3.
1 11.3.
1 1 1 .3.1
1 1 1.3.1
1 1 1 .3. 1
1 1 1.3.
1
1.5
1.9
.It
.18
.21
2.1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.5-6
-------
Compound;
Formula:
6-BHC
Cl
Alternate Names; Benzenehexachloride;
Hexachlorocyclohexane;
HCCH; HCH; TBH
CAS ft; 319-86-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-6]:
molecular weight: 290.8
melting point, °C: 138-139
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1.7 x 10"5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 31.4
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.14
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.4-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: C-Cl bond photolysis can occur, not important in aquatic systems
oxidation: Not an important process
hydrolysis: Very slow, not important
volatilization: Information contradictory as to how important process is
sorption: Important for transport to anaerobic sediments
biological processes: Some bioaccumulation; biodegradation could be important
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82
1.13.6-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.13.6-2
-------
ft
fl>
ho
.e-
co
u>
M
OJ
a^
1
UJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DELTA-BHC
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f) (g)
ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text! le Mills (a) (e)
Number
of
samples
U5
3
53
11
7
50
33
3
1
17
50
Number
of
detections
5
0
7
7
0
0
2
NA
0
2
2
Detected
Minimum
0.1
<5.0
ND
ND
NA
NA
<5.0
3.0
concentrations.
Maximum
2.2
20
11
U.O
5.0
NA
12
5.0
_M3/L_
Mean
1.U
<7.0
2.6
0.35
5.0
10
<8.5
U.O
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 jig/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paper-board Mills.
-------
o
0)
rt
(D
M
S3
*>
^
00
^ INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DELTA-BHC
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
A 1 um i num Fo rm i ng
Foundries
M Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d) (e)
£~j Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
°^ Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
^ Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (b)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
U7
1
53
37
28
3
1
17
Number
of
detections
3
0
9
0
2
NA
0
0
Detected
Mini mum
0.1
<5.0
NO
NA
NA
concentrations.
Maximum
2.2
20
0.5
5.0
NA
ug/L
Mean
1.5
<7.2
0.2
5.0
10
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound:
Formula:
gamma-BHC
Cl-/
Alternate Names: Hexachlorocyclohexane; Benzenehexachloride;
HCCH; HCH; TBH; Main isomer in Lindane (at least
99 percent)
CAS tt; 58-89-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-6, 1-9]:
molecular weight: 290.8
melting point, °C: 112
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 9.4 x 10"6
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 7.5
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.72
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.4-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: C-C1 bond photolysis can occur, not important in aquatic systems
oxidation: Probably not an important process
hydrolysis: Very slow, not important
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Important for transport to anaerobic sludges
biological processes: Biotransformation most important process
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82
1.13.7-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, gamma-BHC (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coel. r
PH
5.3
256
0.49
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
40
3.4
0.001
115
11
1.0
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
I,UUU
Z
O
CD
DC
<
0 inn
g ADSORBED/gm
_ t
o <
E
5
•~.
X
1.0
^
/
S
S
,
^
S^
^
^
• '
1*
^
^
. . m
s*
s
i
i
^
i *^~
•*
• pH = 5.3
•
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (CJ, mg/L
10
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.7-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
M
H
CO
~J
1
CO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF GAMMA-BHC
Raw wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (b)
Electrica 1 /Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g) (h)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (b)
Soap and Detergent Manufacturing (a)
Text! le Mills (b) (f)
Number
of
samples
U5
H
53
5
8
75
33
3
17
1
50
Number
of
detect ions
5
0
16
H
0
0
H
NA
1
1
3
Detected
Mini mum
0.43
<5.0
NO
NO
NA
NA
5.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
2.2
20
9.0
0.2
10
NA
<5.0
2.2
5.0
MflZL
Mean
1.9
<6.1
U.O
0.06
6.2
0.01
5.0
NA, not available; NO, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ng/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(h) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
CD
CO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF GAMMA-BHC
u>
I
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Texti le Mills (a) (c)
Number
of
samp les
47
53
55
28
3
17
50
Number
of
detect ions
2
20
0
0
NA
0
2
Detected
Mini mum
2.2
<5.0
ND
NA
1.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
2.2
20
0.1
NA
5.0
uq/L
Mean
2.2
<5.8
0.1
0.01
3.0
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ug/L.
(c) Man calculated using medians.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
a
to
ro
•P-
oo
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR GAMMA - BHC
1— 1
U)
Treatment process
F i 1 1 rat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points Range of
Pilot scale Full scale removal. %
1 64*
1 >99
Range of
effluent
cone. . nq/L
BDL
ND
Vo I ume I I
I
sect ion
number
I
I
I I .3.
I I .3.
1.9
2. 1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; *approximate value.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.7-6
-------
Compound: Aldrin
Formula:
H
Alternate Names: 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-l,4,4a,5,8,Sa-ftexahydro-oxo-l,4-
endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene; HHDN
CAS tt; 309-00-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-4, 1-15, 1-22]:
molecular weight: 365
melting point, °C: 104
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 6 x 10~6
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.017-0.18
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.17
Henry's law constant (25°C): 0.496 x 10'3 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.8-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Direct photolysis is slow; indirect photolysis may be important
oxidation: Reacts to form dieldrin
hydrolysis: Too slow to be important
volatilization: Probably an important process
sorption.- Can be an important process
biological processes: Biotransformation of aldrin to dieldrin is probably
the dominant transformation process in aquatic systems;
resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.8-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Aidrin (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
651
0.92
0.97
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
0.01
110
9.7
0.001
880
88
8.0
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
100
o
CO
Q£
<
O
E
-51
o
L±J
CO
QC.
O
tn
o
<
X
S
•—
o
0.1
0.00001
PH=5.3
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
RESIDUALCONC. (Cf), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.8-2
-------
a
(0
rt
to
• •
(-•
N>
*>
oo
u>
M
u>
oo
I
OJ
Industry
Coa f M i n i ng ( a )
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (e)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
45
3
53
4
7
(f) 55
33
6
17
OF ALDRIN
Numbe r
of
detections
1
0
9
3
0
0
0
NA
2
Raw wastewater
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
6.4
<5.0 <10 <6.0
ND 11 5.0
ND 7.0 0.48
NA NA 10
<5.0 12 <8.5
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 ug/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Mean is not representative of a 11 subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ALDRIN
Treated wastewater
M
M
U>
•
00
1
4>
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
U7
53
39
28
6
17
Number
of
detect ions
2
11
0
2
NA
0
Detected
Minimum
2.2
<5.0
ND
NA
NA
concentrations.
Maximum
2.2
10
0.5
10
NA
uq/L
Mean
2.2
<5.U
0.2
6.6
10
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ug/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1,13.8-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a)(l) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to aldrin.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For freshwater aquatic life the concentration of aldrin should not exceed
3.0 yg/L at any time. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity
of aldrin to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For saltwater aquatic life the concentration of aldrin should not exceed
1.3 yg/L at any time. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity
of aldrin to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of aldrin through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10"5, 10'6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10~5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed],
The corresponding criteria are 0.74 ng/L, 0.074 ng/L, and 0.0074 ng/L, respec-
tively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms
only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 0.79 ng/L, 0.079 ng/L,
and 0.0079 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.8-6
-------
Compound: Dieldrin
Formula: H
Alternate Names: HEOD; 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7,-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-
octahydro-l,4-endo, exo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene
CAS tt; 60-57-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4]:
molecular weight: 381
melting point, °C: 175-176
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1.78 x 10"7
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.20
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 5.8 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.9-5
Probable Fate [1-1]:
photolysis: Direct photolysis may be important
oxidation: Probably not important
hydrolysis: Hydrolysis of epoxide, too slow to be important
volatilization: Is an important process
sorption-. Probably an important process
biological processes: Moderate bioaccumulation; resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.9-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Dieidrin (1-8):
ABSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
606
0.51
0.94
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
4.8
0.01
17
1.6
0.001
56
5.5
0.5
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
l.UUU
z
O
CD
cc
<
mn
g ADSORBED/gm
-» c
0 C
E
2
^
X
1.0
^r
£ —
s
s
\
•
• ^
^
•
^>
S*
^
*
\
^r
jf
„ ' "
pr^
S
S
*
^
1 1
• pH = 5.3
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.9-2
-------
o
rt
N)
-P-
00
10 ug/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
to
it
CD
i-1
to
-c-
co
u>
M
!-•
U>
•
VO
1
-P-
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF DIELDRIN
Coal Mining
Foundries
Nonferrous
Ore Mining
Text! le Mi 1
NA, not ava
Industry
(a)
Metals Manufacturing (b)
and Dressing (a)
Is (a) (c)
liable; NO, not detected.
Number
of
samples
47
53
(d) (e) 55
28
50
T
Number
of
detections
0
6
0
2
2
See Section 1.1 Introduction for add
reated wastewater
Detected concentrations^
Mini mum
<5.0
NO
NA
1.0
itional informat
Maximum
<5.0
O.U
10
5.0
ion.
Uq/L
Mean
<5.0
0.1
6.6
3.0
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(c) Mean calculated using medians.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.9-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to dieldrin.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For dieldrin the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.0019 mg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 2.5 mg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For dieldrin the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.0019 mg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 0.71 mg/L at any time.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of dieldrin through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentrations
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 0.71 mg/L, 0.071 ng/L, and 0.0071 ng/L, respec-
tively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms
only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 0.76 mg/L, 0.076 ng/L,
0.076 ng/L respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk
levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is
presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment
on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.9-6
-------
Compound: 4,4'-DDE
Formula;
Cl
Alternate Names: Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene;
1,l-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene
CAS ft; 72-55-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-8, 1-28].-
molecular weight: 318
melting point, °C: 88-90
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 6.5 x 10"6
solubility in water (25°C), pg/L: 1.2-120
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.69
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 2.34 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.11-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Photooxidation to chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated
benzophenones occurs; could be important in aquatic systems
oxidation: No information available
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: Probably an important process
sorption: Is an important process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation is an important process;
resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82
1.13.10-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 4,4'DDE (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
232
0.37
0.82
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
9.0
0.01
23
2.1
0.001
55
5.5
0.5
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
0.0000001
0.000001
0.00001
CARBON
o c
g ADSORBED/gm
b
E
5
~»
X
0.1
• •
I
•-"
[
f*
*•*
1 1
, ^•^
^
n**
f 9
• •• :
*
1
• pH = 5.3
0.0001
0.001
RESIDUAL CONC. CCJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.10-2
-------
Is)
.p-
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 4,4'DDE
Raw wastewater
h- 1
OJ
o
1
OJ
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
45
3
53
4
7
70
33
17
Number
of
detect ions
1
1
16
4
0
0
1
1
Detected concentrations^
Minimum Maximum
2.2
2.0
<5.0 20
0.01 53
ND 0.4
5.0
7.0
uq/L
Mean
<6.9
14
NA
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
rt
n>
oo
u>
M
*
(->
O
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 4, 4 'DDE
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
47
16
53
(d) 45
28
17
Number
of
detections
0
14
9
0
0
0
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations
Minimum Maximum
<0.01 7.0
<5.0 <10
NO 0.2
. ua/L
Mean
<0.76
<5.6
0.05
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of a 11 subcategories due
to lack of data;
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
POLLUTANT REMOVAB 1 LI TY/TREATA8 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR
M
(— '
LO
0
Ln
Number of data points
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale
Coagulation and Flocculation 1
Oi 1 Sepa rat ion 2
Sedimentation 1
Ultraf i It rat ion 1
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
Range of
remova 1 . %
NM
NM
NM
64*
4, 4 'DDE
Range of Volume 1 1
effluent section
cone.. uq/L number
BDL 1 1 1 .3.
BDL - BDL 1 1 1 .3.1
BDL 1 1 1 .3. 1
BDL II 1.3.1
I
1.5
.14
.18
.21
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.13.10-6
-------
Compound; 4,4'-DDT
Formula;
Cl
Alternate Names: Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane;
Chloro-phenotane; Dicophane;
1,1,l-Trichloro-2,2,-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane
CAS tt; 50-29-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-2, 1-3]:
molecular weight: 354.5
melting point, °C: 108-109
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 185
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1.9 x 10"7
solubility in water (25°C), yg/L: <1.5-5.5
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.98
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.11-5
Probable Fate [1-1]:
photolysis: Photooxidation to DDE occurs slowly; indirect photolysis may be
important
oxidation: Information not available for aquatic environment
hydrolysis: May be important under certain conditions
volatilization: Is an important process
sorption: Is an important process
biological processes: Biotransformation and bioaccumulation are important
processes; resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82
1.13.11-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, A.A'DDT (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
322
0.50
0.89
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.8
0.01
31
2.8
0.001
98
9.7
0.9
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
IUU
CARBON
o
3 ADSORBED/gm
o
2
•-»
X
0.1
^
^
I
v 2 •
I .S^
I
•
+s
* "
J^
s?
m
i
-•-
^^
^
^
• pH=5.3
0.000001
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
RESIDUAL CONC. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.11-2
-------
to
03
LO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF U,U'DDT
Raw wastewater
M
CO
I—1
M
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
U5
53
U
7
75
33
Number
of
detections
0
16
3
0
0
0
Detected concentrations. ug/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
<5.0 20 <5.9
ND 10 4.0
ND 1.0 0.1
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
rt
M
to
-e-
oo
u>
M
LO
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
Industry samples
Coal Mining (a) 47
Foundries 53
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (d) 55
Ore Mining and Dressing (a) 28
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additiona
OF 4, 4 'DDT
Number
of
detections
1
16
0
0
1 informatic
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
2.2
<5 . 0 20 <6 . 2
ND 0.4 0.065
in.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ng/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
u
00
U>
1— 1
•
I—1
u>
1-^
I—1
Ul
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR 4, 4 'DDT
Treatment process
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granula r
Coagulation and Flocculation
F i 1 1 rat ion
BDL, below detection limit; NM,
Range of
Number of data points Range of effluent
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone.. uq/L
1 NM BDL
1 76* BDL
1 NM BDL
not meaningful; *approximate value.
Vo I ume III
sect ion
number
I I 1.3.1.1
I I 1.3.1.5
I I I .3.1.9
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to DDT and metabolites.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
DDT
For DDT and its metabolites the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic
life as derived using the Guidelines is 0.0010 yg/L as a 24-hour average and
the concentration should not exceed 1.1 \ig/L at any time.
TDE
The available data for TDE indicate that acute toxicity to freshwater
aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 0.6 yg/L and would occur at
lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of TDE to sensitive fresh-
water aquatic life.
DDE
The available data for DDE indicate that acute toxicity to freshwater
aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 1,050 yg/L and would occur at
lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of DDE to sensitive
freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
DDT
For DDT and its metabolites the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life
as derived using the Guidelines is 0.0010 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the con-
centration should not exceed 0.13 yg/L at any time.
TDE
The available data for TDE indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic
life occurs at concentrations as low as 3.6 yg/L and would occur at lower con-
centrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested. No data
are available concerning the chronic toxicity of TDE to sensitive saltwater
aquatic life.
DDE
The available data for DDE indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater aquatic
life occurs at concentrations as low as 14 yg/L and would occur at lower con-
centrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested. No data
Date: 9/25/81 1.13.11-6
-------
are available concerning the chronic toxicity of DDE to sensitive saltwater
aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of DDT through ingestion of contaminated water
and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration should be
zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical. [There is no
recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However, zero level
may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels which may
result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are estimated
at 10'5, 10'6, and 10'7. [A risk of 10~5, for example, indicates a probabil-
ity of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed]. The
corresponding criteria are 0.24 ng/L, 0.024 ng/L, and 0.0024 ng/L, respec-
tively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms
only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 0.24 ng/L, 0.024 ng/L,
and 0.0024 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment of an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.11-7
-------
-------
Compound; 4,4'-DDD
Formula:
Cl
Alternate Names; l,l-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane
CAS tt; 72-54--S
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-4, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 320.0
melting point, °C: 112
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (30°C), torr: 10.2 x 10"7
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.02-0.09
log octanol/water. partition coefficient: 5.99
Henry's law constant (25°C); 2.16 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.11-5
Probable Fate [1-2];
photolysis: Not important
oxidation: Not important
hydrolysis: Not important
volatilization: May be an important process
sorption: Is an important process
biological processes: Biotransformation and bioaccumulation are important
processes; resistant to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.12-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, 4,4'DDD (i-8, i-ie):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
Not reported
1.7
0.89
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
GO. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
4,100
0.01
0.001
g ADSORBED/gm GARBON
0
o o
0 0 C
-* _l _l
E
X
0.0001
2s
4
• ,
X
S
/
/
—p
s
I
f
/
\
7
.
1
• pH not
reported
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. CC«D, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD'- Not specified
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.12-2
-------
00
LO
M
OJ
1
LO
Industry
Coa 1 Mi n ing (a )
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (d)
Texti le Mills (a) (e)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
45
53
3
7
(f) (g) 39
33
17
11
50
OF U,Jt'DDD
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
1
5 <5.0
3 1.0
0
0 ND
1
1
1
1
concentrat ions.
Maximum
2.2
<5.0
10
U.O
6.7
<5.0
<0.01
5.0
uq/L
Mean
<5.0
5.0
1.0
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Verification data plus surveillance and
analysis program data.
(d) Detections >10 ^g/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(T) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
p
to
co
LO
h-l
LO
ro
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF U.U'DDD
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Steam Electric Power Plants (b)
Number
of
samples
17
53
(e) to
28
17
11
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
1 2.2
5 <5.0 <5.0
0 ND 0.2
0
0
0
UQ/L
Mean
<5.0
0.1
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Verification data plus surveillance and
Analysis program data.
(c) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound: Endrin
Formula:
Cl
Alternate Names; 1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-l,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-
octahydro-l,4-endo,endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene
CAS tt; 72-20-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-2, 1-23, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 380.9
melting point, °C: 235 decomposes
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 2 x 10"7
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.26
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 5.6 (calculated)
Henry's law constant (25°C): 0.5 x 10'6 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.13-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: Photoisomerization occurs, may be important
oxidation: Probably not important
hydrolysis: Hydrolysis of epoxide, too slow to be important
volatilization: Data not available but volatility is likely
sorption: Data not available but sorption is likely
biological processes: Bioaccumulation is an important process; resistant
to biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.13-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Endrin d-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
666
0.80
0.95
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.5
0.01
60
5.4
0.001
380
37
3.4
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at
5.3
• jWW
CARBON
o
O
g ADSORBED/gm
o
E
2
*^
X
1.0
/
/
/
\
1 >
/
^
s
^L
/
^
^-i
•
, /
' S
. .
/
/
ff
/
• pH = 5.3
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (CJ. mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.13-2
-------
o
IB
rt
• *
N5
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ENDRIN
Raw wastewater
M
CO
U>
1
LO
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samp les
U6
53
2
7
77
33
Number
of
detect ions
0
6
2
0
0
0
Detected concentrations, uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
<5 . 0 <5 . 0 <5 . 0
7.0 10 8.0
ND 5.U 0.3
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
p>
oo
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ENOR1N
M
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Meta
Ore Mining and
Is Manufacturing (b) (c) (d)
Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
U9
53
47
28
Number
of
detect ions
0
1
0
1
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
<5.0
ND O.U
5.0
liq/L
Mean
0.1
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 ug/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.13-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to endrin.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For endrin the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.0023 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 0.18 yg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For endrin the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.0023 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 0.037 yq/L at any time.
Human Health
The ambient water quality criterion for endrin is recommended to be
identical to the existing drinking water standard which is 1.0 yg/L. Analysis
of the toxic effects data resulted in a calculated level which is protective
of human health against the ingestion of contaminated water and contaminated
aquatic organisms. The calculated value is comparable to the present stan-
dard. For this reason a selective criterion based on exposure solely from
consumption of 6.5 grams of aquatic organisms was not derived.
Date: 12/22/82 I.13.13-<
-------
Compound; Kelthane
Formula -.
Alternate Names: Kelthanethanol;
Dicofol;
2,2,2-Trichloro-l,l-di-(4-chlorophenyl) ethanol
CAS ft: 115-32-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-18, 1-23] :
molecular weight: 370.5
melting point, °C: 77-78
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 77-78
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water.- Almost totally insoluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes.-
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data-. Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.14-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.14-2
-------
Compound: Naled
Formula:
Cl Br
Cl—C—C—O—?—OCH3
Br H 6CH3
Alternate Names-. Bromex; Orthodibrom;
Phosphoric acid;
l,2-dibromo-2,2-Dichloroethyl dimethyl ester
CAS ft: 300-76-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-18] :
molecular weight: 380.8
melting point, °C: 26
boiling point (0.5 torr), °C: 110
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 2 x 10"4
solubility in water: Almost totally insoluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate.- Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.15-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.15-2
-------
Compound: Dichlone
Formula: O
Cl
Cl
Alternate Names; Phygon; US Rubber 604;
2,3-Dichloro-l, 4-naphthoquinone,•
Sanquinon
CAS ft; 117-80-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-18]:
molecular weight: 227.0
melting point, °C: 195
boiling point (2 torr), °C: 275
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Insoluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.16-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.16-2
-------
Compound; Kepone
Formula:
Cl
Cl
Cl /cl
/ ^1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.17-2
-------
Compound ; Diuron
Formula ; cl HO
Alternate Names; 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-l ,1-dimethylurea
CAS tt: 330-54-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-21, 1-23]
molecular weight: 233.1
melting point, °C: 158-159
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: Decomposes at 180
vapor pressure (50°C), torr: 0.31 x 10"5
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 42
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate ; Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.18-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.18-2
-------
Compound.- Endrin aldehyde
Formula: CL/CI
Alternate Names: 1,2,4-Methenocyclopenta (c,d)pentalene-r-
carboxaldehyde,2,2a,3,3,4,7-hexachlorodecahydro
CAS ft; 7421-93-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2] :
molecular weight: 380.9
melting point, °C.- 145-149
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability.- Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.13-5
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.19-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.13.19-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ENDRIN ALDEHYDE
Raw wastewater
M
»
LO
•
VO
1
UJ
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Aluminum Forming
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (d)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
45
3
53
9
7
75
33
Number
of
detections
2
1
13
6
0
0
0
Detected
Mini mum
2.2
4.0
NO
ND
concentrations.
Maximum
2.2
58
20
14
0.6
_HS/L^
Mean
2.2
<6.8
6.0
0.15
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
01
rt
(D
I-1
to
•t-
oo
u>
M
I-1
to
I-1
VO
1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
Industry samples
Coal Mining (a) 47
Aluminum Forming 16
Foundries 53
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (d) 55
Ore Mining and Dressing (a) 28
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for add i
OF ENDRIN ALDEHYDE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concent rations^
detections Minimum Maximum
0
3 0.3 1U
5 <5.0 20
0 ND 0.6
0
tional information.
Mean
6.1
<8.0
0.12
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 u.g/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
t-0
00
CO
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ENDRIN ALDEHYDE
Number of data points
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale
M
I—*
u>
1— •
vo
Oi 1 Separat ion
Ul traf i 1 1 rat ion
BDL, below detection
1
1
limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
Range of Vo lume I I I
Range of effluent section
removal. % cone.. uo/L number
>99 ND III. 3. 1.14
NM BDL I I I. 3. 1.21
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.13.19-6
-------
Compound: Heptachlor
Formula:
5C1
6C1
Alternate Names: 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-
methanoindene
CAS tt; 76-44-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-2, 1-15, 1-21, 1-23]
molecular weight: 373.3
melting point, °C: 95-96
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 3 x 10~4
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.056-0.18
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 4.40
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.48 x 10"3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.20-5
Probable Fate [1-2]:
photolysis: Photoisomerization occurs, rate undetermined
oxidation: Information not available
hydrolysis: Hydrolyzes rapidly to 1-hydroxychlordane which is stable
volatilization: Data not available but volatility is likely
sorption: Probably an important process, but no reliable data available
biological processes: Will bioaccumulate if not hydrolyzed; resistant to
biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82
1.13.20-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Heptachior (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
1,220
0.95
0.78
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION [a]
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON. Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
6.6
0.01
64
5.9
0.001
580
57
5.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
1.000
o
o
r-
Noauvo '
g ADSORBED/gir
o
E
5
X
1.0
/
/
f
f
*
\p
•,
/
>/m
j
/
.
i
•
y
/
/
•'
/
s
• pH=5.3
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
RESIDUAL CONC. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 1/24/83
1.13.20-2
-------
Date: 1/24/83
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEPTACHLOR
Raw wastewater
M
to
O
u>
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing
Petroleum Refining (b)
Text He Mills ( b ) ( e )
Number
of
samp les
1
U5
53
3
7
75
33
17
50
Number
of
detections
0
2
7
2
0
0
1
2
3
Detected
Min imum
2.2
<5.0
ND
ND
<5.0
5.0
concentrat ions.
Maximum
2.2
20
0.3
0.5
7.5
<5.0
6.0
Mean
2.2
<7.1
0.1
0.1
<5.0
5.0
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 M9/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
p>
n
(V
• •
H1
N>
4>
g INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF HEPTACHLOR
Treated wastewater
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (e) (f)
!_, Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
u>
[^ Petroleum Refining (b)
^ Text! le Mi 1 Is (b) (d)
Number
of
samples
1
47
53
55
28
17
50
Numbe r
of
detections
0
2
11
0
2
1
1
Detected
Mini mum
2.2
<5.0
NO
NA
concentrations.
Maximum
2.2
31
0.7
10
<5.0
2.0
Mean
2.2
<8.7
0.06
6.6
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Date: 1/24/83
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATAB 1 LI TY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR HEPTACHLOR
M
OJ
to
O
Ul
Number of data points
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale
Activated Carbon Adsorption
-granular 1
Coagulation and Flocculation 1
Fi 1 trat ion 1
Activated Sludge 1
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful; "approximate value.
Range of
Range of effluent
removal. % cone.. uq/L
NM BDL
6U* BDL
NM BDL
75 1.6
Vo I ume I I
sect ion
number
III.
III.
III.
III.
3.
3.
3.
3.
1
1 . 1
1.5
1.9
2.1
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (l) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to heptachlor.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For heptachlor the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life as de-
rived using the Guidelines is 0.0038 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the con-
centration should, not exceed 0.52 yg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For heptachlor the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.0036 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 0.053 yg/L at any time.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of heptachlor through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk, over the lifetimes
are estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10'7. [A risk of I0~s, for example, indi-
cates a probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people
exposed]. The corresponding criteria are 2.78 ng/L, 0.28 ng/L, and 0.028
ng/L, respectively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic
organisms only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 2.85 ng/L, 0.29
ng/L, and 0.029 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different
risk levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate
range is presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency
judgment on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.20-6
-------
Compound; Heptachlor epoxide
Formula;
Cl
Alternate Names: 1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-2,3-epoxy-2,3,3a,4,7,7a-
hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene
CAS tt; 1024-57-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-2, 1-15]:
molecular weight: 389.3
melting point, °C: 157-160
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.35-0.20
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.65
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3.2 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.20-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: Possible dechlorination of C=C double bond
oxidation: Probably not important
hydrolysis: Stable to hydrolysis
volatilization: Information not available but volatility is likely
sorption: Sorption on clay and algae
biological processes: Strong bioaccumulation,- biotransformation occurs very
slowly, but could be important; resistant to
biodegradation
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.21-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Heptachlor epoxide (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
1,038
0.70
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/l
Co- mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
4.3
0.01
24
2.2
0.001
120
12
1.1
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
_*
-* c
-* 0 C
O O G
E
2
^'
X
1.0
/
/
ft
1
^
&
1
/
"/
/
,'
"
s
/
/
'
/ I
,
s
<•''
f
/
S
/"
>
s
• PH=5.3
0.0001
0.001 0.01 0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. CCf}, mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.21-2
-------
o
rt
fD
M
N3
00
to
H
•
M
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Electrical/Electronic Components (b)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (a) (f)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (f)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Text! le Mills (a) (e)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samples
U5
3
53
1
7
(g) 72
33
17
50
OF HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected
detections Minimum
3 0.2
0
5 <5.0
1
0
0 ND
0
1
1
concentrations
Maximum
2.2
<5.0
0.01
0.2
<5.0
1.0
. uq/L
Mean
1.6
<5.0
0.055
NO, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Analytic method not specified.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Detections >10 ug/L.
(e) Mean calculated using medians.
(f) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(g) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
G
Pi
rt
n>
M
oo
OJ
M
I-1
OJ
M
I-1
-O-
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
NO, not detected. See Section 1
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samo les
47
53
(b) (c) (d) 53
28
17
. 1 Introduction for add it
OF HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
1 2.2
7 <5 . 0 <5 . 0
0 ND 0.7
0
0
ional information.
Mean
<5.0
0.01
(b) Detections >10 |ag/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound: Carbofuran
Formula: OOCHNCH3
Alternate Names [1-1]: 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methyl-
carbamate; Methyl carbamic acid; 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-
dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl ester
CAS tt; 156-36-62
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-9, 1-23, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 221.3
melting point, °C: 150-153
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 2 x 10"5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 700
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 8.28 x 10'9 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate : Not available
photolysis -.
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.22-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.22-2
-------
Compound: Mercaptodimethur
Formula: g ^
Alternate Names; Methiocarb;
Mesurol
CAS ft; 2032-65-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-18] :
molecular weight: 225.3
melting point, °C: 117-118
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Negligible
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Insoluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.23-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.23-2
-------
Compound: Chlordane
Formula:
Cl
Technical chlordane is a mixture of
chlorinated products with as many as
45 components as identified by gas
chromatography. Major components are
cis and trans isomers of chlordane
Alternate Names; 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-octachloro-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-
methanoindane; trans-Chlordane
CAS #; 5103-71-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-15, 1-23]:
molecular weight: 406
melting point, °C: 103-105 (trans)
boiling point (2 torr), °C: 175
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 1 x 10~5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 1.85, 0.056
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 2.78
Henry's law constant (25°C): 4.8 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole'1
biodegradability: N-not significantly degraded
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.24-5
Probable Fate [1-2] :
photolysis: Information not available on aqueous systems
oxidation: Information not available
hydrolysis: Compound stable in aqueous systems
volatilization: Volatilization can occur, but slowly
sorption: Specific information not available, however, sorption on particulates
is highly likely to occur
biological processes.- Bioaccumulation is an important process with concentra-
tion factors of 102 - 104; compound is very resistant
to microbial degradation
other reactions/interactions: Not important
Date: 12/22/82
1.13.24-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, chiordane (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.3
245
0.38
0.95
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
8.8
0.01
23
2.1
0.001
56
5.6
0.5
(a} Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.3
Q ADSORBED/gm CARBON
3 I I
E
2
^
X
1.0
,-
-
-
"•"
,
•
•
*"•
•
**"
I
_ -
^— ^
1
^*
^*"
? 1 e
^
•
-
• pH = 6.3
1.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
RESIDUAL CONG. (CJ, mg/L
1.0
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Solvent extraction - G.C.
Date: 1/24/83
1.13.24-2
-------
G
to
00
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHLORDANE
Raw wastewater
1 ndustry
Coa 1 Min i ng (a )
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
^ Foundries
^ Metal Finishing (a) (d)
*~ Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
U6
18
19
53
2
7
75
33
Number
of
detections
0
1
12
6
2
0
0
0
Detected concentrations, uq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
<10
<0.01 1.9 <0.2
<5.0 38 <10
0.8 13 7.0
ND 1.2 0.1U
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 ug/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(e) Mean is not representative of all subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
to
N>
00
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF CHLORDANE
OJ
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (b) (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Petroleum Refining (a)
Number
of
samples
U9
53
57
28
17
Number
of
detections
0
12
0
0
0
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
<5.0 2U
ND 1.6
Mean
<6.6
0.88
ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Detections >10 U-g/L.
(c) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(d) Mean is not representative of a I I subcategories due
to lack of data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
00
OJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABI LITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR CHLORDANE
M
h- «
i*5
t-o
1
Ln
Number of data points
Treatment process Pilot scale Full scale
Fi 1 trat ion 1
Activated Sludge 1
BDL, below detection limit; NM, not meaningful.
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
Range of effluent section
removal. % cone.. u.q/L number
37 24 II 1.3.1.9
NM BDL I I I. 3. 2.1
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to chlordane.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For chlordane the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.0043 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 2.4 yg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For chlordane the criterion to protect saltwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.0040 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 0.09 yg/L at any time.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of chlordane through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10~5, 10"6, and 10"7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 4.6 ng/L, 0.46 ng/L, and 0.046 ng/L, respec-
tively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms
only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 4.8 ng/L, 0.48 ng/L, and
0.048 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk
levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is
presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment
on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.24-6
-------
Compound: Toxaphene
Formula:
Cl
Alternate Names: Polychlorocam'phene
CAS tt; 8001-35-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-2, 1-15, 1-22, 1-24]:
molecular weight: 414 (average for mixture of chlorinated camphenes)
melting point, °C: 70-90
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Decomposes >120
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 0.2-0.4
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 0.5-3.0
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 3.3 + 0.4
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 4.89 x 10'3 atmos. m3 mole"1
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: See page 1.13.25-5
Probable Fate [1-2]
photolysis: Not an important process
oxidation: Information not available
hydrolysis: Too slow to be important
volatilization: May be an important process
sorption: Is an important process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation is an important process; biodegraded in
anaerobic systems, but not in aerobic systems
other reactions/interactions.- Unknown
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.25-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.25-2
-------
G
to
f-O
.p-
oo
LO
M
U>
to
Ui
1
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TOXAPHENE
Industry
Coa 1 Mining ( a )
Found ries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (c) (d)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See
Number
of
samples
46
53
7
29
32
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations.
detections Minimum Maximum
0
1 <5.0
0
0 ND O.U
0
MS/k.
Mean
NA
Section l.l Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
(c) Detections >10 uxj/L.
(d) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
ho
•e-
oo
1-0
Ln
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF TOXAPHENE
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng
Foundries
Nonferrous
0 re Mini ng
(a)
Meta
and
Is Manufacturing
Dressing (a)
Number
of
samp les
49
53
16
27
Number
of
detections
0
0
0
0
Detected concentrations. (iq/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.25-5
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to toxaphene.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
For toxaphene the criterion to protect freshwater aquatic life as derived
using the Guidelines is 0.013 yg/L as a 24-hour average and the concentration
should not exceed 1.6 yg/L at any time.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
For saltwater aquatic life the concentration of toxaphene should not
exceed 0.070 yg/L at any time. No data are available concerning the chronic
toxicity of toxaphene to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the maximum protection of human health from the potential carcin-
ogenic effects due to exposure of toxaphene through ingestion of contaminated
water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water concentration
should be zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this chemical.
[There is no recognized safe concentration for a human carcinogen]. However,
zero level may not be attainable at the present time. Therefore, the levels
which may result in incremental increase of cancer risk over the lifetime are
estimated at 10"5, 10"6, and 10'"7. [A risk of 10"5, for example, indicates a
probability of one additional case of cancer for every 100,000 people exposed].
The corresponding criteria are 7.1 ng/L, 0.71 ng/L, and 0.07 ng/L, respec-
tively. If the above estimates are made for consumption of aquatic organisms
only, excluding consumption of water, the levels are 7.3 ng/L, 0.73 ng/L, and
0.07 ng/L, respectively. Other concentrations representing different risk
levels may be calculated by use of the Guidelines. The risk estimate range is
presented for information purposes and does not represent an Agency judgment
on an "acceptable" risk level.
Date: 12/22/82 1.13.25-6
-------
Compound; Captan
Formula;
!
Alternate Names; N-(trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-l,2-dicarboxylic
acid,imide
CAS tt; 133-06-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-18, 1-22, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 300.6
melting point, °C: 158-164
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Decomposes near melting point
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 6 x 10"5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: <0.5
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): >4.7 x 10~5 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 12/22/82' 1.13.26-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.13.26-2
-------
Compound; Carbaryl
Formula: H o
CH3-N-C-O
Alternate Names; 1-Naphthyl methylcarbamate;
Methylcarbamic acid;
1-naphthyl ester; Sevin
CAS tt; 63-25-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-18, 1-28] ;
molecular weight: 201.2
melting point, °C: 142
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: <0.005
solubility in water (30°C), mg/L: 40
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C)-. <3.2 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria.- Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.27-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.27-2
-------
Compound; Coumaphos
Formula:
AlternateNames; 0-(3-Chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-l-benzopyran-
7-yl),0,0-diethyl phosphorothioate;
Co-Ral
C&S tt; 56-72-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-21, 1-23, 1-28]s
molecular weight: 362.8
melting point, °C: 90-92
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1 x 10"7
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 1.5
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 3,2 x 10"8 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability? Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
ProbableFate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization;
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date.- 10/8/82 1.13.28-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13*28-2
-------
Compound; Diazinon
Formula: CH3 „
.CX
CH3CH20§
P-0
CH3
Alternate Names: 0,0-Diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl)ester
CAS ft; 333-41-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 304.4
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (2 K 1CT3 torr), °C: 83-84
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1.4 x 10"*
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 40
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (20°C) : 1.4 x 10"6 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability.- Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.29-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.13.29-2
-------
Compound; Dicamba
Formula:
Cl
Alternate Names: Banvel;
3,6-Dichloro-o-anisic acid
CAS #: 1918-00-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-21, 1-23]
molecular weight: 221.0
melting point, °C: 114-116
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (100°C), torr: 3.75 x 10~3
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 4,500
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.30-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.30-2
-------
Compound; Dichlobenil
Formula:
Alternate Names: Casoron 113;
2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile
CAS ft; 1194-65-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-23, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 172
melting point, °C: 139-145
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 270
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 5.5 x 10"*
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 25
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (20°C): 5.0 x 10'6 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.31-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.31-2
-------
Compound; Malathion
Formula:
CH3°\I
P-S-C-C-O-CH2CH3
CH3° H2C-C-O-CH2CH3
Alternate Names; Diethyl mercaptosuccinate;
s-ester with 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate
CAS #; 121-75-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-21, 1-22]:
molecular weight: 330
melting point, °C: 2.85
boiling point (0.7 torr), °C: 156-157 (slight decomposition)
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 4 x 10"5
solubility in water, mg/L: 145
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate ; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption-.
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.32-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13,32-2
-------
Compound; Methyl parathion
Formula:
Alternate Names.- 0,0-Dimethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate
CAS ft: 298-00-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-21, 1-26, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 263.2
melting point, °C: 35-36
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Thermally unstable
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.97 x 10'5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 55-60
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°): 5.4 x 10"8 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate ; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.33-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Methyl parathion (1-8, 1-16):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
Not reported
0.11
0.38
0.99
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON. Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
20,000
0.01
52,000
4,700
0.001
125,360
12,400
1,130
g ADSORBED/gm CARBON
o
o P r|
E
^»
X
0.001
0.0
— '
*
. **Z- —
^
^
"i
\
001 0.001
| ^^"
""'
0.01
• pH not
reported
0.1
1.
RESIDUAL CONC. CC.D. mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Not specified.
Date: 1/24/83
1.13.33-2
-------
Compound; Parathion
Formula;
CH3CH20 |
XJL0-(( }>-N02
CH3CH20/
Alternate Names: 0,0-Diethyl-O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate
CAS ft; 56-38-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-23, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 291.3
melting point, °C: 6.1
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 375
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 3.78 x I0's
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 24
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 6.1 x 10"7 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability.- Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate •. Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.34-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Parathion u-8, 1-16):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
Not reported
0.08
0.27
1.0
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
21,000
0.01
43,000
3,900
0.001
80,600
8,000
730
CARBON
0
'->. C
g ADSORBED/gm
o
o
E
•>.•
X
0.001
•
r ' "
••-""""
_^-
—~
*r-
m~
*•
• pH not
reported
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1.0
RESIDUAL CONG. CCJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Not specified.
Date: 1/24/83
1.13.34-2
-------
Compound; Guthion
Formula: _ .9
Alternate Names; Azinphos-methyl;
Benzotriazinedithiophosphoric acid dimethoxy ester
CAS ft; 86-50-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-23, 1-25, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 317.3
melting point, °C: 73-74
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Decomposes at 200
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: <3.8 x 10"*
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 33
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : <3.8 x 10"6 attnos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability (25°C): <3.8 x 10'6 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.35-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 I.13.35-2
-------
Compound; Ethion
Formula: c q
?]/OCH2CH3
CH3CHaCr OCH2CH3
Alternate Names; 0,0,0',0'-Tetraethyl-S,S'-methylene-bisphosphoro-
dithioate
CAS tt; 563-12-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25]:
molecular weight: 384.5
melting point, °C: -12 to -13
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 1.5 x 10"6
solubility in water: Slightly soluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant; Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.36-1
-------
RESERVED
Date; 1/24/83 1.13.36-2
-------
Compound; Isoprene
Formula; H H
I I
C=C-C=CH2
H CH3
Alternate Names; 2-Methyl-l,3-butadiene
CAS #; 78-79-5
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25] :
molecular weight: 68.13
melting point, °C: —120
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 34.1
vapor pressure (15.4°C), torr: 400
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L; Almost totally insoluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis;
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes;
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.37-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.37-2
-------
Compound;
Formula:
Chlorpyrifos
Cl
OCH2CH3
' OCH2CH3
Alternate Names; Dursban; 0,0-Diethyl-0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-
phosphorothioate; Lorsban; Dowco 179
CAS tt; 2921-88-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25, 1-28] :
molecular weight: 350.6
melting point, °C: 41-42
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 1.8 x 10~5
solubility in water (35°C), mg/L: 2
log octanol/water partition coefficie.nt: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 4.1 x 10"6 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82
1.13.38-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.38-2
-------
Compound; Dichlorvos
Formula; o H
CH30 || | Cl
P-0-C=C^
CH3CT XC1
Alternate Names; 2,2-Dichlorovinyl-0,0-dimethyl phosphate
CAS ft; 62-73-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-9, 1-23, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 221
melting point, °C: Not available
holing point (20 torr), °C: 140
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1.2 x 10"2
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L; 10,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (20°C): 3.4 x 10"7 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria-. Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date; 10/8/82 I..13.39-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1,13.39-2
-------
Compound: Diquat
Formula:
Alternate Names: Usually exists as diquat dibromide
CAS ft; 85-00-7 (Diquat dibromide)
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Diquat Dibromide [1-25]
molecular weight: 344.1
melting point, °C: 335-340
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Decomposes 335-340
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 700,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.40-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 I-. 13.40-2
-------
Compound: Disulfoton
Formula; g
CHsCHaO^ ||
?-S-CH2-CH2-S-CH2CH3
CH3CH2Cr
Alternate Names; 0,0-Diethyl-S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate
CAS ft; 298-04-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25, 1-28] :
molecular weight: 274.4
melting point, °C: >-25
boiling point (1.5 torr), °C: 132-133
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 1.8 x 10"4
solubility in water (23°C), mg/L: 25
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (20°C) : 2.5 x 10'6 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate : Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.41-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.41-2
-------
Compound; Mevinphos
Formula:
A
Alternate Names.- Phosdrin;
2-Methoxycarbonyl-l-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate
CAS ft; 7786-34-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25] :
molecular weight: 224.2
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (1 torr), °C: 106-108
vapor pressure (21°C), torr: 2.9 x 10"3
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.42-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.42-2
-------
Compound; Mexacarbate
Formula:
CH3
Alternate Names; Zectran;
4-Dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl-N-methylcarbamate
CAS ft; 315-18-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-23, 1-25]:
molecular weight: 222.3
melting point, °C: 85
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (139°C), torr: <0.1
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 100
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate : Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions-.
Carbon Adsorption Data.- Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.43-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.43-2
-------
Compound; Trichlorfon
Formula :
-C-CC13
HsC-C/ II
Alternate Names: Dylox;
Dimethyl(2,2,2-trichloro-l-hydroxyethyl) phosphonate
CAS ft; 52-68-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-21, 1-23, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 257
melting point, °C: 81-82
boiling point (0.1 torr), °C: 100
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 7.8 x 10~6
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 154,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 1.71 x 10"11 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability : Not available
water quality criteria.- Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.44-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.44-2
-------
Compound; Propargite
Formula:
-c-c-o-s-oc-c=c
H2C CH2 H H
H3C-CH2
Alternate Names; Omite;
2-(p-tert-Butylphenoxy) cyclohexyl-2-proponyl sulfite
CAS ft: 2312-35-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-23] :
molecular weight: 350
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Insoluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.45-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.45-2
-------
Compound; Carbon disulfide
Formula: S=C=S
Alternate Names; Dithiocarbonic anhydride
CAS tt; 75-15-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 76.14
melting point, °C: -111
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 46.3
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 360
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 2,940
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.33 x 10"2 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes.-
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.13.46-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.13.46-2
-------
Compound : Acetaldehyde
Formula;
h 1 1 ernat e Names .- Ethanal;
Ethyl aldehyde
CAS_J: 75-07-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-25, 1-28]:
molecular weights 44.05
melting point, °C: -124
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 21
vapor pressure (20°C) , torr: 740
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (15°C) : 3.24 x 10" 5 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: 93% acetaldehyde removal (measured as BOD) obtained in
5-day static activated sludge test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis -.
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data : Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14,1-1
-------
S3
00
OJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ACETALDEHYDE
Treatment process
Solvent Extraction
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
5
Range of
remova 1 . %
15-97
Range of
effluent
cone. , uq/L
4,000 - 1.1 x
Vo I ume I I
sect ion
number
10E6 I I 1 .3. 1 ,
1
.20
-------
Compound; Acetic acid
Formula:
Alternate Names: Ethanoic acid;
Methane carboxylic acid;
Vinegar acid
CAS ft; 64-19-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-28] :
molecular weight: 60.05
melting point, °C: 16.7
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 118
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 11.4
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 1.08 x 10'6 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability : 50% theoretical oxidation of 500 ppm acetic acid by
phenol acclimated sludge after 12 hr aeration
water quality criteria.- Not included
Probable Fate ; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.2-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Acetic Acid (i-s, 1-16):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
pH
4.0
0.44
0.72
0.96
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
z
O
CD
o:
<
o
E
O)
•^
Q
01
CO
QC
O
CO
Q
<
o>
E
C0. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
11,000
0.01
62,000
5,600
0.001
328,000
32,500
3,000
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 4.0
100
0
0.1
pH=4.0
1D
10
100
1,000
RESIDUAL CONG. CCJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Not specified.
10,000
Date: 1/24/83
1.14.2-2
-------
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.2-4
-------
Compound: Allyl alcohol
Formula;
„ H H
;C=C-C-OH
* i
AlternateNames; 2-Propen-l-ol
CAStt; 107-18-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-25, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 58.08
melting point, °C: -50
boiling point (760 torr), °Cs 96-97
vapor pressure (25°C), torr.- 23.8
solubility in water, mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (15°C): 1.0 x 10"6 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: 57% allyl alcohol removal (measured in BOD removal)
obtained in 10-day static activated sludge test for
initial allyl alcohol concentrations of 1,000 mg/L
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data .• Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.3-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.3-2
-------
Compound: Amyl acetate
Formula:
O CH3
II I
H3C-C-0-CH2CH2-C-H
CH3
Alternate Names: Isoamyl acetate;
Acetic acid 3-methylbutyl ester
CAS #; 123-92-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25, 1-28] :
molecular weight: 130.1
melting point, °C: -78.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 142
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 6
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 2,500
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 4.1 x 10"4 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes.-
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.4-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.4-2
-------
Compound: n-Butyl acetate
Formula: o
Alternate Names; Acetic acid butyl ester;
Butyl ethanoate
CAS fl; 123-86-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-9, 1-25, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 116.2
melting point, °C: -77.9
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: 125-126
vapor pressure (25°C) , torr: 15
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 8,300
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 4.68 x 10"4 atmos m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability : 7% of theoretical oxygen demand removed in 5-day BOD test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate.- Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization :
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/ interactions :
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.5-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.5-2
-------
Compound: Butyric acid
Formula.-
^
OH
Alternate Names: Butanoic acid;
Ethylacetic acid;
Propylformic acid
CAS tt; 107-92-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-25]:
molecular weight: 88.12
melting point, °C: -7.9
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 164
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 0.84
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: 25% of theoretical oxygen demand removed in 12 hr static
activated sludge test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.6-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.6-2
-------
Compound: Formaldehyde
Formula; H
>°
H
Alternate Names; Methanal;
Formalin;
Oxomethane
CAS ft; 50-00-0
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6] :
molecular weight: 30.0
melting point, °C: -118 to -92
boiling point (760 torr), °C: -21 to -19
vapor pressure (-88°C), torr: 10
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: 60% of theoretical oxygen demand removed in 5-day BOD test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes;
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data.- Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.7-1
-------
o
pi
ft
n>
to
00
OJ
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABI LITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR FORMALDEHYDE
Treatment process
i j
Rotating Biological Contactor
i — >
i
Range of Vo lume 1 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone., uq/L number
2 61-83 25,000 - 37,000 III.3.2.U
-------
Compound: Formic acid
Formula : XO
" - H-C^
\)H
Alternate Names: Methanoic acid;
Hydrogen carboxylic acid;
Formylic acid
CAS l ; 64-18-6
Physical , Chemical , and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-25]:
molecular weight: 46.03
melting point, °C: 8.4
boiling point (760 torr), °C; 101
vapor pressure (24°C), torr: 40
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability : 70% of theoretical oxygen demand removed in 24 hr
static activated sludge test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate ; Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization :
sorptions
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.8-1
-------
ftt
rt
(D
oo
CO
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR FORMIC ACID
M
I—1
4S
•
oo
I
N3
Treatment process
Solvent Extraction
ND, not detected.
Range of Volume 1 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone.. uq/L number
5 55 - >99 ND - 8.6 x 10E5 I I 1. 3. 1.20
-------
Compound-. Fumaric acid
Formula: ov
>x S»
HO C=C
Alternate Names: Trans-l,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid;
Trans-butenedioic acid;
Allomaleic acid
CAS tt; 110-17-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-25]-.
molecular weight: 116.1
melting point, °C: 300 to 302 (sealed tube)
boiling point (1.7 torr), °C: Sublimes at 165
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 7,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: 1.7% of theoretical oxygen demand removed after 24 hr
static activated sludge test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption-.
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.9-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.9-2
-------
Compound; Maleic acid
Formula:
>
« Hd O
Alternate Names; Cis-l,2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid;
Toxilic acid;
Cis-butenedioic acid
CAS ft; 110-16-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-25]:
molecular weight.- 116.1
melting point, °C: 130.5
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Decomposes at 135
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Freely soluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability-. 4.5% of theoretical oxygen demand removed after 12 hr
static activated sludge test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data.- Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.10-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.10-2
-------
Compound ; Methyl methacrylate
-C-0
CH3 O
Alternate Names: 2-Methyl-propenoic acid;
methyl ester
CAS tt; 80-62-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6] :
molecular weight: 100.1
melting point, °C: -48
boiling point (760 torr) , °C: 100-101
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 37
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Slightly soluble
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability : 47% theoretical oxidation of 10 mg/L methyl methacrylate
observed in 10-day static activated sludge test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis :
oxidation:
hydrolysis :
volatilization :
sorption:
biological processes.-
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.11-1
-------
RESERVED
Dates 1/24/83 1.14,11-2
-------
Compound; Propionic acid
Formula:
^o
CH3CH2C/
OH
Alternate Names; Propanoic acid;
Methylacetic acid
CAS ft; 79-09-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6]:
molecular weight: 74.08
melting point, °C: -20.8
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 141
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 3.5
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Miscible
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: 40% of theoretical oxygen demand removed after 24 hr
static activated sludge test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate : Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.12-1
-------
NJ
js
00
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR PROP I ON 1C ACID
Treatment process
Solvent Extraction
Number of data points
Pilot scale Full scale
1
Range of
remova 1 . %
71
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
23,000
Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
sect ion
number
I I 1.3.1.20
NJ
-------
Compound: Vinyl acetate
Formula:
CH3C-C-CH=CH2
Alternate Names: Acetic acid;
ethenyl ester;
1-Acetoxyethylene
CAS ft; 108-05-4
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-25, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 86.10
melting point, °C: -93.2
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 72.2-72.3
vapor pressure (21°C), torr: 100
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 20,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 5.94 x 10'4 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: 42% theoretical oxidation of 10 mg/L vinyl acetate
observed in 10-day static activated sludge test
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data.- Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.13-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.13-2
-------
Compound; Adipic acid
Formula:
HO-C-(CH2U-C-OH
Alternate Names: 1,6-Hexanedioic acid;
1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid
CAS ft; 124-04-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 146.1
melting point, °C: 153
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 338
vapor pressure (159°C), torr: 1
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: 14,400
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C): 5.4 x 10"ai atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria-. Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization .-
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.14-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Adipic acid (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
3.0
20
0.47
0.60
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
Co- rng/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
130
0.01
430
39
0.001
1,300
130
12
(a) Carbon closes in mg/L at pH 3.0
c
c
T-
NO9UVO
g ADSORBED/gm
-i
o <
E
2
>•*
X
1.0
^*
**
.
'
_ ^
• ^
*s^
•
^
f
^
,
• pH=3.0
0.1
1.0
10
100
1,000
RESIDUAL CONG. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Organic Carbon
Date: 10/8/82
1.14.14-2
-------
Compound; Crotonaldehyde
Formula;
CH3CH=CHC
Alternate Names; 2-Butenal
CAS tt; 123-73-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6, 1-9, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 70.09
melting point, °C: -74
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 104-105
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L; 180,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (20°C): 1.4 x 10'5 atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: 37% of theoretical oxygen demand removed in 5-day BOD test
water quality criteria.- Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions-.
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.15-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.15-2
-------
Compound; Acrolein
FOrmUla; B2C-CH-C-H
Alternate Names: Aqualin; Acrylaldehyde;
2-Propenal; Allylaldehyde
CAS ft; 107-02-8
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-14, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 56.1
melting point, °C: -87.7
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 52.5
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 220
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 400,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: -0.090
Henry's law constant (15°C): 7.7 x 10"5 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.14.16-5
Probable Fate;
photolysis: Probable photooxidation in atmosphere
oxidation: Can occur slowly
hydrolysis: Not an important process
volatilization: Principal transport mechanism
sorption: Not an important process
biological processes: Biotransformation occurs readily; biodegradation not
important in the environment; may degrade in acclimated
sewage systems
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Date: 12/22/82 1.14.16-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, Acroiein (1-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. Coef. r
PH
5.2
1.2
0.65
0.98
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION Ca)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Cf mg/L
CQ. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0.01
0.1
3,500
0.01
17,000
1,500
0.001
76,800
7,600
690
Ca) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.2
1UU
CARBON
0
g ADSORBED/gm
b
E
2
X
0.1
/
/
/>
)
*
S
^
I -^
^
'
,•'
/
s
• pH = 5.2
0.1
1.0
10
100
1.000
RESIDUAL CONC. (CJ, mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
Date: 10/8/82
1.14.16-2
-------
u
03
rt
ro
NJ
.p-
OO
OJ
M
-P*
1
OJ
1 ndustry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (c)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthet ic Resins
Text! le Mills (b) (d)
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE
Number
of
samp les
1
47
53
7
33
6
66
OF ACROLEIN
Raw wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations. uq/L
detections Minimum Maximum Mean
0
0
0
0
0
NA NA NA 310
1 200
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Screening plus additional data.
(d) Mean calculated using medians.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
N3
*>
2 INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ACROLEIN
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coal Mining (b)
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
M
J_, Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
.0 Synthetic Resins
£ Texti le Mills (b) (c)
i
Number
of
samples
1
51
53
28
3
62
Treated wastewater
Number
of Detected concentrations,^
detections Minimum Maximum
1 360
0
0
0
NA NA NA
1 87
|j.g_Z_L_
Mean
1.7
NA, not available. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Mean calculated using medians
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
p>
N5
oo
U)
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ACROLEIN
Treatment process
Fi 1 1 rat ion
F lotat ion
Range of Vo 1 ume 1 1 1
Number of data points Range of effluent section
Pilot scale Full scale removal. % cone.. uq/L number
1 >99 ND I I I .3. 1 .9
1 NM 360 I I I .3.1 .10
ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a)(l) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to acrolein.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for acrolein indicate that acute and chronic toxicity
to freshwater aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 68 and 21 yg/L,
respectively, and would occur at lower concentrations among species that are
more sensitive than those tested.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for acrolein indicate that acute toxicity to saltwater
aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 55 yg/L and would occur at
lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those tested.
No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of acrolein to sensitive
saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of acrolein
ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 320 yg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of acrolein
ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 780 yg/L.
Date: 12/22/82 1.14.16-6
-------
Compound; Furfural
Formula:
Alternate Names; Furfurole; 2-Furancarbonyl;
2-Furaldehyde; Fural;
Furfuraldehyde; Furole
CAS ft; 98-01-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6, 1-12, 1-27]:
molecular weight: 96.09
melting point, °C: -38.7
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 162
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: ~1.65
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 91,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability.- 96% furfural removal (measured as COD removal) obtained
at 20°C in activated sludge at a rate of 37 mg COD/g dry
inoculum/hr
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate.- Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption.-
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data; Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.17-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.14.17-2
-------
Compound; Propylene oxide
Formula; cH3
o
Alternate Names: 1,2-Epoxy-propane;
Methyloxiron
CAS tt; 75-56-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-4, 1-6, 1-27, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 58.08
melting point, °C: -104
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 34.3
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: ~530
solubility in water, mg/L: 650,000 at 30°C; 405,000 at 20°C
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (15°C) : 1.28 x 10"* atmos. m3 mole'1 (calculated)
biodegradability: 75% propylene oxide removal (measured as BOD removal)
obtained in 5-day static activated sludge test on a
333 mg/L solution
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate ; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.14.18-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 I.14.18-2
-------
Compound; Methyl mercaptan
Formula: H
I
H-C-S-H
H
Alternate Names; Methanethiol; Mercaptomethane;
Methyl sulfhydrate; Thiomethyl alcohol
CAS ft: 74-93-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-25, 1-28] ;
molecular weight: 48.10
melting point, °C: -123
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 5.95
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: 1,500
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 23,330
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 3.85 x Id'3 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes.-
other reactions/interactions.-
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.15.1-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.15.1-2
-------
Compound; Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid
Formula:
Alternate Names: Benzenesulfonic acid;
dodecyl ester;
Dodecylbenzenesulfonate
CAS ft; 1886-81-3
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-12]:
molecular weight: 326.5
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (25°C), mg/L: Not available
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: 99% removal (measured as COD removal) obtained at 20°C
in activated sludge at a rate of 11 mg COD/g dry
inoculum/hr
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption; •
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions-.
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.15.2-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.15.2-2
-------
Compound: Cyclohexane
Formula:
Alternate Names: Hexahydrobenzene;
Hexamethylene•
Hexanaphthene
CAS ft; 110-82-7
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 84.16
melting point, °C: 6.3
boiling point (760 torr), °C? 81
vapor pressure (20°C), torr: 77
solubility in water (20°C), mg/L: 55
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant (25°C) : 0.16 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate; Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.15.3-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.15,3-2
-------
Compound: Isophorone
Formula:
CH3
Alternate Names; Trimethylcyclohexenone;
Isooctaphenone,-
3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-l-one
CAS tt: 78-59-1
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-6, 1-28]:
molecular weight: 138.2
melting point, °C: -8
boiling point (760 torr), °C: 215
vapor pressure (20°C), torr.- 0.38
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 12,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.7
Henry's law constant (25°C): 5.8 x 10~6 atmos. m3 mole"1 (calculated)
biodegradability: D-significant degradation, rapid adaptation
water quality criteria: See page 1.15.4-5
Probable Fate;
photolysis: Information not available, but photolysis is likely to occur
oxidation: Information not available
hydrolysis: Information not available, but probably is stable
volatilization; Information not available, but volatility is unlikely
sorption: High aqueous solubility precludes sorption
biological processes: Bioaccumulation is unlikely; may degrade in
acclimated sewage systems
other reactions/interactions:
Date: 12/22/82 1.15.4-1
-------
Carbon Adsorption Data, isophorone (i-8):
ADSORBABILITY
FREUNDLICH
PARAMETERS
K
1/n
Corr. CoeL r
pH
5.5
32
0.39
0.93
CALCULATED CARBON REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE INDICATED CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION (a)
SINGLE STAGE POWDERED CARBON, Gf mg/L
Co. mg/L
1.0
0.1
0,01
0.1
70
0.01
190
17
0.001
460
46
4.2
(a) Carbon doses in mg/L at pH 5.5
I.UUV
CARBON
o
o
g ADSORBED/gm
i*
o
E
2
X
1.0
. „ H
• "i
^
^
^*
^**
^,
1
"1
1
.
: i C* —
^
»pH=5.5
0.01
0.1
1.0
10
100
RESIDUAL CONG. (C ), mg/L
ANALYTICAL METHOD: Total Carbon
Date: 10/8/82
1.15.4-2
-------
0
(U
oo
OJ
Ln
i
OJ
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF ISOPHORONE
Raw wastewater
Number Number
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Leather Tanning and Finishing
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coat ing
Electrical/Electronic Components (c)
Foundries
Metal Finishing (b) (g)
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (d)
Explosives Manufacturing
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (e) (g)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills
Text! le Mills (b) (f )
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Screening plus additional data.
(e) Detections >10 ug/L.
(f) Mean calculated using medians.
(g) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based
of
samp
1
U9
5
18
21
78
1
53
12
7
1
58
33
2
27
21
3
66
Sect ion 1.1
on
of
les detections
1
1
2
0
3
3
0
2
8
1
0
2
0
NA
2
2
3
1
Introduction for add
Detected concentrations. uq/L
Min imum
<2.0
<3.0
18
<10
ND
ND
NA
22,000
2,500
8.0
it iona I informat
Maximum
190
310
55
39
520
<1 o
310
1.0
29
NA
22,000
3,600
15
110
ion.
Mean
<28
<19
200
<10
87
1.2
0.01
22,000
3,000
11
the number of samples, not detections.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Porcelain Enameling.
-------
o
tu
ID
1/24/83
M
l->
<_n
-O
-P-
INDUSTRIAL
Industry
Auto and Other Laundries (a)
Coa 1 Mining ( b )
Iron and Steel Manufacturing (a)
Aluminum Forming
Coi 1 Coating ( f )
Foundries
Nonferrous Metals Manufacturing (d) (e)
Ore Mining and Dressing (b)
Organic Chemicals and Plastics and
Synthetic Resins
Paint and Ink Formulation (c)
Petroleum Refining (b)
Pulp and Paperboard Mills
OCCURRENCE OF
Number
of
samples
1
53
5
1
16
53
12
28
2
19
21
3
ISOPHORONE
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
1
0
1
7
0
0
NA
U
0
0
Treated wastewater
Detected concentrat ionSj \*q/L
Minimum Maximum Mean
170
0.0 560 140
3.0 28 <12
ND 6.0 3.0
NA NA 5.0
13 100 U6
NA, not available; ND, not detected. See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening data.
(b) Screening and verification data.
(c) Analytic method not specified.
(d) Detections >10 l-ig/L.
(e) Minimum, maximum, and mean are based on
the number of samples, not detections.
(f) Reference reports 0.0 H9/L for detections less than
detection limit 10
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Porcelain Enameling.
-------
00
POLLUTANT REMOVABILITY/TREATABILITY WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE FOR ISOPHORONE
h- 1
l — i
U1
1
Ul
Treatment process
Chemical Precipitation with Sedimentation
-combined precipitants
- 1 i me
F 1 ota t ion
Sed imentat ion
Activated Sludge
Number of data points
P i lot sea le Fu 1 1 sea le
1
2
1
5
1
Range of
remova I . %
NM
7
>99
35 - >99
NM
Range of
effluent
cone. . uq/L
100
ND - 560
ND
ND - 110
BDL
Vol ume 1 1
sect ion
number
1 1 1 .3.
1 1 1 .3. 1
1 1 1 .3. 1
1 1 1 .3.
1
1.3
.10
.18
2. 1
BDL, below detection limit; ND, not detected; NM, not meaningful.
-------
SUMMARY OF WATER QUALITY CRITERIA [1-56]
The following water quality criteria have been developed by USEPA
pursuant to section 304 (a) (1) of the Clean Water Act. These summaries apply
to isophorone.
Freshwater Aquatic Life
The available data for isophorone indicate that acute toxicity to fresh-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 117,000 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of isophorone
to sensitive freshwater aquatic life.
Saltwater Aquatic Life
The available data for isophorone indicate that acute toxicity to salt-
water aquatic life occurs at concentrations as low as 12,900 yg/L and would
occur at lower concentrations among species that are more sensitive than those
tested. No data are available concerning the chronic toxicity of isophorone
to sensitive saltwater aquatic life.
Human Health
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of isophorone
ingested through water and contaminated aquatic organisms, the ambient water
criterion is determined to be 5.2 mg/L.
For the protection of human health from the toxic properties of isophorone
ingested through contaminated aquatic organisms alone, the ambient water criterion
is determined to be 520 mg/L.
Date: 9/25/81 1.15.4-6
-------
Compound:
Formula:
Alternate Names: Strychnidin-10-one
CAS tt; 57-24-9
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-3, 1-9]
molecular weight: 334.4
melting point, °C: 268-290
boiling point (5 torr), °C: 270
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 156
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption:
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82
1.15.5-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.15.5-2
-------
Compound: 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Formula:
Cl ^-^ XT ^-^ Cl
Alternate Names: TCDD
CAS tt: 1746-01-6
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-1, 1-2]:
molecular weight: 322
melting point, °C: 303-305
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 0.0002
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate.- No specific data, but TCDD is extremely toxic and very
resistant to all forms of degradation
photolysis: Will be an important process if reactive substrates are available
oxidation: Not an important process
hydrolysis: Does not occur
volatilization: Not important
sorption: Important process
biological processes: Bioaccumulation probably an important process
other reactions/interactions: Unknown
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.15.6-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.15.6-2
-------
G
rt
ID
00
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN
Raw wastewater
M
£
^
1
OJ
Industry
Coal Mining (a)
Foundries
Photographic Equipment/Supplies (b)
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
49
53
7
33
Number
of
detections
0
0
0
0
Detected concentrations,
Minimum Maximum
uq/L
Mean
See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
(b) Screening plus additional data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Battery Manufacturing, Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
o
to
H-
NJ
00
U>
INDUSTRIAL OCCURRENCE OF 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DI0X1N
Treated wastewater
Industry
Coa 1 M i n i ng ( a )
Foundries
Ore Mining and Dressing (a)
Number
of
samples
53
53
28
Number
of
detect ions
0
0
0
Detected concentrations.
Minimum Maximum
JisZL_
Mean
I
-p- See Section 1.1 Introduction for additional information.
(a) Screening and verification data.
Information represents data from the USEPA verification program except as noted. The pollutant was not detected
during the screening program and therefore was not sampled in the verification program for the following industries:
Coil Coating, Porcelain Enameling, Pulp and Paperboard Mills.
-------
Compound: Zinc phenol sulfonate
Formula:
Alternate Names: Zinc salt of 4-Hydroxy-benzenesulfonic acid
CAS #; 127-82-2
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties [1-9] :
molecular weight: 411.7
melting point, °C: Not available
boiling point (760 torr), °C: Not available
vapor pressure (25°C), torr: Not available
solubility in water (temp, unknown), mg/L: 625,000
log octanol/water partition coefficient: Not available
Henry's law constant: Not available
biodegradability: Not available
water quality criteria: Not included
Probable Fate: Not available
photolysis:
oxidation:
hydrolysis:
volatilization:
sorption.-
biological processes:
other reactions/interactions:
Carbon Adsorption Data: Not available
Date: 10/8/82 1.15.7-1
-------
RESERVED
Date: 1/24/83 1.15.7-2
-------
1.16 REFERENCES FOR VOLUME I
1-1. Fairchild, E.J., R. J. Lewis, Sr., and R. L. Tatken.
Registry of toxic effects of chemical substances, Volume
II. NIOSH-78-104B, National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1977.
1-2. Callahan, M.A., M.W. Slimak, N.W. Gabel, I.P. May, C.F.
Fowler, et al. Water-related environmental fate of 129
priority pollutants, Volume I. EPA-440/4-79-029a. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1979.
1-3. The Chemical Rubber Company. Handbook of chemistry and
physics, 48th Edition. Cleveland, Ohio, 1967.
1-4. CRC Press, Inc. CRC handbook of chemistry and physics,
58th Edition. Cleveland, Ohio, 1977.
1-5. Sorg, T.J., O.T. Love, Jr., and G.S. Logsdon. Manual of
treatment techniques for meeting interim primary drinking
water regulations. EPA-600/8-77-005. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 1977. 73 pp.
1-6. Verschueren, K. Handbook of environmental data on organic
chemicals. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, New
York, 1977.
1-7. Callahan, M.A., M.W. Slimak, N.W. Gabel, I.P. May, C. F.
Fowler et al. Water-related environmental fate of 129
priority pollutants, Volume II. EPA-440/4-79-029b. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1979.
1-8. Dobbs, R.A., and J. M. Cohen. Carbon adsorption isotherms
for toxic organics. EPA-600/8-80-023. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, April 1980. 332 pp.
1-9. Merck and Co., Inc. The Merck index, Ninth Edition.
Rahway, New Jersey, 1976.
1-10. Fochtman, E.G., and W. Eisenberg. Treatability of carcino-
genic and other hazardous organic compounds. Illinois
Institute of Technology Research Institute, Chicago,
Illinois. 58 pp.
1-11. Callahan, M.A., M. W. Slimak, N.W. Gabel, I.P. May, C. F.
Fowler, et al. Water-related environmental fate of 129
priority pollutants, Volume III, ethers, phthalate esters,
and nitrosamines. EPA-440/4-79-029c. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1979.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-1
-------
1-12. Fitter, P. Determination of biological degradability of
organic substances. Water Research, 10:1-5, 1976.
1-13. National Library of Medicine. Off-line bibliographic
citation list generated from the toxicology data bank by
MEDLARS II. National Library of Medicine's National
Interactive Retrieval Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 11 June
1979. Part I.
1-14. McGraw Hill, Inc. Lange's handbook of chemistry, 12th
Edition. New York, New York, 1979.
1-15. Warner, H.P., J. M. Cohen, and J. C. Ireland. Determina-
tion of Henry's law constants of selected priority pollut-
ants. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
Ohio, April 1980. 14 pp.
1-16. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report on visit of
D. Stephan and W. Cawley, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, to Calgon Environmental Systems Division, Calgon
Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 9 April 1979. 132
pp.
1-17. Spencer, W. F., and W. J. Farmer. Assessment of the vapor
behavior of toxic chemicals. Contribution of Federal Re-
search, SEA, USDA, and the University of California,
Riverside, California.
1-18. National Library of Medicine. Off-line bibliographic
citation list generated from the toxicology data bank by
MEDLARS II. National Library of Medicine's National
Interactive Retrieval Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 11 June
1979. Part II.
1-19. Tucker, E.S., V. M. Saeger, and O. Hicks. Activated
sludge primary biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls,
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri, March 1975. 9 pp.
1-20. Interscience Encyclopedia, Inc. Encyclopedia of chemical
technology, Volume 5, 3rd Edition. New York, New York,
1978.
1-21. Meister Publishing Co. 1976 farm chemicals handbook.
Willoughby, Ohio, 1976.
1-22. Ferguson, T. L., F. J. Bergman, G. R. Cooper, R. T. Li,
and F. I. Honea. Determination of incinerator operating
conditions necessary for safe disposal of pesticides.
EPA-600/2-75-041, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, Ohio. July 1975. 415 pp.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-2
-------
1-23. Ouellette, R. P., and J. A. King. Chemical week pesti-
cides register. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, New
York, 1977.
1-24. Guyer, G. D., P. Adkisson, K. DuBois, C. Menzie, H. P.
Nicholson. Toxaphene status report. EPA-540/9-71-005.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, B.C.,
1971. p. 10.
1-25. National Library of Medicine. Off-line bibliographic
citation list generated from the toxicology data bank by
MEDLARS II. National Library of Medicine's National
Interactive Retrieval Service, Bethesda, Maryland, 11 June
1979. Part III.
1-26. Midwest Research Institute. Substitute chemical program-
initial scientific and minieconomic review of methyl para-
thion. Criteria and Evaluation Division, Office of Pesti-
cide Programs. EPA-540/1-75-004, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, D.C., February 1975. 187 pp.
1-27. Jordan, T. E. Vapor pressure of organic compounds.
Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, New York, 1954.
p. 104.
1-28. Water Purification Associates. Removal of low concentra-
tions of toxic pollutants from wastewaters by steam and
air stripping, Appendix: Henry's Law constants (Draft
Report). Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory,
Cincinnati, Ohio., October 1981. Unpaginated.
1-29. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the auto and other laundries point source category. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. 157 pp.
1-30. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the coal mining point source category. EPA
440/1-81/057-b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington,
D.C.; 1981. 429 pp.
1-31. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the inorganic chemicals manufacturing point
source category. EPA-440/1-79/007. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials,
Washington, D.C.; 1979. 934 pp.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-3
-------
1-32. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the iron and steel manufacturing point
source category. EPA-440/l-80/024-b. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste
Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Volumes II-VI.
1-33. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the leather tanning and finishing point
source category. EPA-440/1-79/016. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.,; 1979. 381 pp.
1-34. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the aluminum forming point source category. EPA-440/
1-80/073-a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, B.C.;
1980. 604 pp.
1-35. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the battery manufacturing point source category.
EPA-440/l-80/067a. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1980. 823 pp.
1-36. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the coil coating point source category.
EPA-440/l-81/071-b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1981. 481 pp.
1-37. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the electrical and electronic components point source
category. EPA-440/l-80/075-a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously paginated.
Updated with:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards to the electrical and electronic components
point source category. EPA-440/l-82/075b. Prepared for
Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water, Washington,
D.C.; 1982.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-4
-------
1-38, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the foundries (metal molding and casting) point source
category. EPA-440/l~80/070-a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1980. 860 pp.
1-39. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the metal finishing point source category. EPA-440/
1-80/091-A. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.;
1980. Variously paginated.
Updated with:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for metal finishing point source category.
EPA-440/l-82/091~b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water Regulations and Standards,
Washington, D.C.; 1982. Variously paginated.
1-40. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the photographic equipment and supplies segment of the
photographic point source category. EPA-440/l-80/077-a.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Waste Management, Washington, D.C.; 1980. Variously
paginated.
1-41. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the porcelain enameling point source cate-
gory. EPA-440/l-81/072-b. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1981. 515 pp.
1-42. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Final development
document for proposed effluent limitations guidelines, new
source performance standards and pretreatment standards
for the explosives manufacturing point source category;
subcategory E, formulation and packaging of blasting
agents, dynamite, and pyrotechnics. Performed by Hydro-
science for the Effluent Guidelines Division, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.; 1979. Vari-
ously paginated.
1-43. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Technical review of
the best available technology, best demonstrated technology,
and pretreatment technology for the gum and wood chemicals
point source category. Prepared by Environmental Science
and Engineering, Inc., for the Office of Water and Hazardous
Materials, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, D.C., 1978. Variously paginated.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-5
-------
Updated with:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for gum and wood point source category. EPA-440/l-79/078b.
Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office of Water
and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; December 1979.
246 pp.
1-44. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Contractor's engi-
neering report for the development of effluent limitations
guidelines and standards for the pharmaceutical manufac-
turing point source category. EPA-440/l-80/084-a. Pre-
pared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.;
1980. Variously paginated.
1-45. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the nonferrous metals manufacturing point source
category. EPA-440/l-79/019-a. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1979. 622 pp.
1-46. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft development
document for BAT effluent limitations guidelines and new
source performance standards for ore mining and dressing
industry. Contract No. 68-01-4845. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1979. Variously
paginated.
Updated with:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the ore mining and dressing point source
category. EPA-440/l-82/061b. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water, Washington, B.C.;
1982.
1-47. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft engineering
report for development of effluent limitations guidelines
for the paint manufacturing industry (BATEA, NSPS, Pre-
treatment). Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.;
1979. Variously paginated.
1-48. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Draft engineering
report for development of effluent limitations guidelines
for the ink manufacturing industry (BATEA, NSPS, Pretreat-
ment). Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office
of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1979.
Variously paginated.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-6
-------
Updated with:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the ink formulating point source category.
EPA-440/l-79/090b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1979.
1-49. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for proposed effluent limitations guidelines, new
source performance standards, and pretreatment standards
for the petroleum refining point source category. EPA-440/
1-79/014-b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Waste Management, Washington, D.C;
1979. 366 pp.
1-50. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the pulp, paper and paperboard and the
builders paper and board mills point source categories.
EPA-440/l-80/025-b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1980. 632 pp.
1-51. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Review of the best
available technology for the rubber processing point
source category. Contract No. 68-01-4673. Prepared by
Envirodyne Engineers, Inc., for Effluent Guidelines Divi-
sion, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C.; 1978. Variously paginated.
1-52. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Economic analysis
of effluent guidelines for the soap and detergent indus-
try. EPA 230/2-73/026 (PB 256313). Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1976.
1-53. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the steam electric point source category.
EPA 440/1-80/029-b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Washing-
ton, D.C.; 1980. 597 pp.
1-54. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the textile mills point source category.
EPA-440/l-79/022-b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water and Waste Management, Wash-
ington, D.C.; 1979. 678 pp.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-7
-------
1-55. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed develop-
ment document for effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the timber products processing point source
category. EPA-440/l-79/023-b. Prepared for Effluent
Guidelines Division, Office of Water and Waste Management,
Washington, D.C.; 1979. 427 pp.
Updated with:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Final development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the timber products point source category. EPA-440/
1-81/023. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division,
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.;
1981. 498 pp.
1-56. 45 Federal Register, No. 231. Water quality criteria
documents: availability; Appendix A-Summary of water
quality criteria. November 23, 1980. pp. 79318-79379.
1-57. Tabak, Henry H., Stephen Quave, Charles Mashni, Edwin F.
Barth. 1981. Biodegradability studies with organic
priority pollutant compounds. In: Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation October 1981. pp. 1503-1518.
1-58. Sittig, Marshall (Editor). 1980. Priority toxic pollut-
ants, health impacts and allowable limits. Noyes Data
Corporation, New Jersey. 348 pages.
1-59. Cohen, Jesse M. 1981. Letter, Jesse M. Cohen, Chief,
Physical-Chemical Treatment Section; Wastewater Research
Division, USEPA, to Bob Stevens, WAPORA, 13 April 1981,
19p.
1-60. Tabak, Henry H. No Date. Biodegradability studies for
predicting fate of organic priority pollutants. To be
published in: Proceedings of ADAC Symposium on Test
Protocols for Environmental Fate and Movement of Toxi-
cants, 94th Annual ADAC Meeting; Oct. 1980. Arlington VA.
1-61. Bunch, R.L., and C.W. Chambers. 1967. A biodegradability
test for organic compounds. In; Journal of the Water
Pollution Control Federation: Vol. 39, p. 181.
1-62. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1979. Treatability
of carcinogenic and other hazardous organic compounds.
EPA-600/2-79-097. Prepared by I IT Research Institute.
1-63. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Biodegrada-
tion and carbon adsorption of carcinogenic and hazardous
organic compounds. EPA-600/2-81-032. Prepared by IIT
Research Institute.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-8
-------
1-64. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Development docu-
ment for effluent limitations and guidelines for the ore
mining and dressing point source category. EPA-440/1-78/
( 061e. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines Division, Office
'of Water and Hazardous Materials, Washington, D.C.; 1978.
913 pp.
Updated with:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Proposed development
document for effluent limitations guidelines and standards
for the ore mining and dressing point source category.
EPA-440/l-82/061b. Prepared for Effluent Guidelines
Division, Office of Water, Washington, D.C.; 1982. 640 pp.
1-65. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Project recommenda-
tions for the soap and detergent manufacturing industry
(SIC 2814) BAT/Toxics Study. Prepared for Effluent Guide-
lines Division, Washington, D.C.; 1976. 26 pp.
1-66. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pharmaceutical
manufacturing, plant data. Effluent Guidelines Division,
Washington, D.C.; 1978/1979.
Date 12/1/82 1.16-9
-------
-------
1.17 CROSS REFERENCE OF COMPOUND NAMES
Acenaphthene 1.10.9-1
Acenaphthylene . 1.10.10-1
Acetaldehyde 1.14.1-1
Acetic acid ..... ... ,1.14.2-1, 1.14.13-1
Acetic acid butyl ester 1.14.5-1
Acetic acid 3-methylbutyl ester 1.14.4-1
1-Acetoxyethylene 1.14.13-1
trans-Acetylene dichloride 1.12,25-1
Acetylene tetrachloride 1.12.10-1
Acrolein 1.14.16-1
Acrylaldehyde 1.14.16-1
Acrylonitrile 1.7.7-1
Adipic acid 1.14.14-1
Aldifen 1.8.8-1
Aldrin ....... 1.13.8-1
Allomaleic acid 1.14.9-1
Allyl alcohol 1.14.3-1
Allylaldehyde 1.14.16-1
Allyl chloride 1.12.27-1
Aminobenzene 1.9.13-1
1-Aminobutane 1.7.8-1
Aminoethane 1.7.11-1
Aminomethane ..... ... 1.7.12-1
Aminophen 1.9.13-1
Amosite 1.4.3-1
Amphibole .1.4.3-1
Amyl acetate 1.14.4-1
Aniline 1.9.13-1
Anthophylite 1.4.3-1
Anthracene 1.10.11-1
Antimony 1.4.1-1
Aqualin 1.14.16-1
Aroclor 1016 I.11.1-1
Aroclor 1221 1.11.2-1
Aroclor 1232 1.11.3-1
Aroclor 1242 1.3,1.4-1
Aroclor 1248 1.11.5-1
Aroclor 1254 ..... . 1.11.6-1
Aroclor 1260 1.11.7-1
Arsenic . . 1.4.2-1
Asbestos 1.4.3-1
Azinphos-methyl 1.13.35-1
Bacillol . 1.8.14-1
Baltana 1.12.8-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-1
-------
Banvel 1.13.30-1
BaP 1.10.5-1
B(b)F 1.10.3-1
BBP . 1.6.6-1
BCME 1.5.1-1
1,2-Benzacenaphthlene 1.10.13-1
1,2-Ben2anthracene 1.10.2-1
1-Benzazine . . 1.9.17-1
Benz(e)acephenanthrylene 1.10.3-1
Benzene 1.9.1-1
Benzenecarboxylic acid 1.9.14-1
Benzene chloride 1.9.2-1
Benzenedicarboxylic acid dioctyl ester 1.6.5-1
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid
dibutyl ester 1.6.3-1
Benzene-o-dicarboxylic acid
di-n-butyl ester 1.6.3-1
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid 1.6.2-1
o-Benzenedicarboxylic acid
dioctyl ester 1.6.4-1
1,3-Benzenediol 1.8.9-1
Benzenehexachloride 1.13.4-1
1.13.5-1
1.13.6-1
1.13.7-1
Benzenesulfonic acid .... 1.15.2-1
2,3-Benzidene 1.10.14-1
Benzidine 1.7.4-1
Benzinoform ...... 1.12.4-1
Benzo(a)anthracene 1.10.2-1
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 1.10.3-1
Benzo(k)fluoranthene 1.10.4-1
2,3-Benzofluoranthene 1.10.3-1
3,4-Benzofluoranthene . . . 1.10.3-1
11,12-Benzofluoranthene 1.10.4-1
Benzo( j,k)fluorene 1.10.13-1
Benzoic acid 1.9.14-1
Benzol .... 1.9.1-1
Benzo(ghi)perylene 1.10.8-1
1,12-Benzoperylene 1.10.8-1
Benzo(a)phenanthrene 1.10.12-1
Benzo(d,e,f)phenanthrene 1.10.17-1
1,2-Benzophenanthrene 1.10.12-1
2,3-Benzophenanthrene 1.10.2-1
Benzo(a)pyrene . 1.10.5-1
3,4-Benzopyrene ... . 1.10.5-1
Benzo(b)pyridine . . 1.9.17-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-2
-------
Benzotriazinedithiophosphoric acid
dimethoxy ester 1.13.35-1
Benzyl butyl phthalate 1.6.6-1
Benzylchloride 1.9.15-1
Beryllium 1.4.4-1
B(k)F 1.10.4-1
a-BHC 1.13.4-1
e-BHC 1.13.5-1
Y-BHC 1.13.7-1
6-BHC 1.13.6-1
N,N'-Bianiline 1.7.6-1
(l,l'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine 1.7.4-1
4,4'-Biphenyldiamine 1.7.4-1
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane 1.5.7-1
Bis(&-chloroethyl) ether 1.5.2-1
Bis(&-ehloroethyl) 1.5.2-1
Bis(fi-chloroethyl) formal 1,5,7-1
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether 1.5.3-1
Bis(chloromethyl) ether 1.5.1-1
Bis(2-chloro-l-methylethyl) ether 1.5.3-1
Bis-CME 1.5.1-1
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester 1.6.5-1
Bis(2-ethylhexyljester phthalic acid 1.6.5-1
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1.6.5-1
Bromex 1.13.15-1
Bromodichloromethane 1.12.18-1
4-Bromodiphenyl ether ... . .1.5.6-1
Bromoform 1.12.20-1
Bromomethane .1.12.17-1
l-Bromo-4-phenoxybenzene 1.5.6-1
4-Bromophenyl ether 1.5.6-1
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 1.5.6-1
p-Bromophenyl phenyl ether 1.5.6-1
1, 4-Butanedicarboxylic acid 1.14.14-1
Butanoic acid 1.14.6-1
2-Butenal 1.14.15-1
cis-Butenedioic acid ..... . . , ,1.14.10-1
trans-Butenedioic acid ..... 1.14.9-1
n-Butyl acetate ..... 1.14.5-1
Butylamine 1.7.8-1
Butyl benzyl phthalate 1.6.6-1
Butyl ethanoate 1.14.5-1
2-(p1-tert-Butyl phenoxy) cyclohexyl-
2-proponyl sulfite 1.13.45-1
n-Butyl phthalate 1.6.3-1
Butyric acid 1.14.6-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-3
-------
Cadmium 1.4.5-1
Captan 1.13.26-1
Carbaryl 1.13.27-1
Carbinamine 1.7.12-1
Carbofuran 1.13.22-1
Carbolic acid 1.8.1-1
Carbon disulfide 1.13.46-1
Carbon hexachloride 1.12.11-1
Carbonic acid dichloride 1.12.29-1
Carbon tetrachloride 1.12.4-1
Carbonyl chloride 1.12.29-1
Casoron 133 1.13.31-1
Chinoline 1.9.17-1
Chromium 1.4.6-1
Chrysene 1.10.12-1
Chrysotile 1.4.3-1
Chlordane 1.13.24-1
trans-Chlordane 1.13.24-1
Chlorex 1.5.2-1
Chloroallylene 1.12.27-1
Chlorobenzene 1.9.2-1
l-Chloro-2-(b-chloroethoxy) ethane 1.5.2-1
4-Chloro-m-cresol 1.8.12-1
p-Chloro-m-cresol 1.8.12-1
Chlorodibromomethane 1.12.19-1
4-Chlorodiphenyl ether 1.5.5-1
3-Chloro-l,2-epoxypropane 1.12.31-1
Chloroethane 1.12.5-1
Chloroethene 1.12.12-1
(2-Chloroethoxy) ethene 1.5.4-1
Chloroethylene 1.12.12-1
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether 1.5.4-1
Chloroform 1.12.3-1
Chloroformyl chloride 1.12.29-1
2-Chloro-5-hydroxytoluene 1.8.12-1
Chloromethane 1.12.1-1
(Chloromethyl) ethylene oxide 1.12.31-1
0-(3-Chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-l-
benzopyran-7-yl),0,0-diethyl
phosphorothioate 1.13.28-1
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 1.8.12-1
2-Chloronaphthalene I.10.1-1
fS-Chloronaphthalene 1.10.1-1
Chlorophen . .1.8.5-1
2-Chlorophenol 1.8.2-1
o-Chlorophenol 1.8.2-1
Chlorophenotane 1.13.11-1
l-Chloro-4-phenoxybenzene 1.5.5-1
4-Chlorophenyl ether 1.5.5-1
4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether 1.5.5-1
p-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether 1.5.5-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-4
-------
3-Chloro-l-propene 1.12.27-1
3-Chloropropylene 1.12.27-1
Chlorotene 1.12.8-1
a-Chlorotoluene ... 1.9.15-1
Chlorpyrifos 1.13.38-1
Cinnamene . 1,9.16-1
Copper . .1.4.7-1
Co-Ral 1,13.28-1
Coumaphos 1.13.28-1
Cresol 1.8.14-1
Cresylic acid 1.8.14-1
Cresyol 1.8.14-1
Crocidolite 1.4.3-1
Crotonaldehyde 1.14.15-1
Cyanides (Total) 1.4.8-1
Cyanoethylene . 1.7.7-1
Cyclohexane 1.15.3-1
Cyclohexatriene 1.9.1-1
DBA 1.10.7-1
DB(a,h)A 1.10.7-1
DBF 1.6.3-1
1,1-DCE 1.12.24-1
2,4-DCP 1,8.3-1
4/4'-DDD 1.13.12-1
4,4'-DDE 1.13.10-1
4,4'-DDT , .1.13.11-1
Decachloroketone 1.13.17-1
1,13,3,33,4,5,5,5a,5b,6-Decachloro-
octahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclo-
buta( cd)pentalen-2-one 1.13.17-1
DEHP 1.6.5-1
DEP 1.6.2-1
4,4' -Diaminodiphenyl 1.7.4-1
Diaminoethane .... 1.7.10-1
1,2-Diaminoethane . 1.7.10-1
Diazinon 1.13.29-1
1,2,5,6-Dibenzanthracene . . 1.10.7-1
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 1.10.7-1
1,2,5, 6-Dibenzonaphthalene . 1.10.12-1
Dibromochloromethane 1.12.19-1
1,2-Dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl dimethyl ester 1.13.15-1
1,2-Dibromoethane 1.12.30-1
Dibutyl phthalate 1.6.3-1
Di-n-butyl phthalate 1.6.3-1
Dicamba 1,13.30-1
Dichlobenil . .1.13.31-1
Dichlone 1.13.16-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-5
-------
3, 6-Dichloro-o-anisic acid 1.13.30-1
1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1.9.3-1
1, 3-Dichlorobenzene 1.9.4-1
1, 4-Dichlorobenzene 1.9.5-1
m-Dichlorobenzene 1.9.4-1
o-Dichlorobenzene 1.9.3-1
p-Dichlorobenzene 1.9.5-1
3,3 '-Dichlorobenzidine 1.7.5-1
2, 6-Dichlorobenzonitrile 1.13.31-1
1,l-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane 1.13.12-1
1,l-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene 1.13.10-1
Dichlorobromomethane 1.12.18-1
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diamino-
(l,l'-biphenyl) 1.7.5-1
3,3-Dichlorodiethyl formal 1.5.7-1
Dichlorodiethyl methylal 1.5.7-1
Dichlorodif luoromethane 1.12.21-1
Dichlorodiisopropyl ether 1.5.3-1
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene 1.13.10-1
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 1.13.11-1
1,1-Dichloroethane 1.12.6-1
1,2-Dichloroethane 1.12.7-1
1,1-Dichloroethene 1.12.24-1
trans-l,2-Dichloroethene 1.12.25-1
sym-Dichloroethylene 1.12.25-1
1,1-Dichloroethylene 1.12.24-1
1,2-trans-Dichloroethylene 1.12.25-1
2, 2 '-Dichloroisopropyl ether 1.5.3-1
Dichloromethane 1.12.2-1
sym-Dichloromethyl ether 1.5.1-1
2,3-Dichloro-l,4-naphthoquinone 1.13.16-1
2,4-Dichlorophenol 1.8.3-1
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-l, 1-dimethylurea 1.13.18-1
1, 2-Dichloropropane 1.12.13-1
2,2-Dichloropropanoic acid 1.12.28-1
1,3-Dichloropropene 1.12.14-1
2 , 2-Dichloropropionic acid 1.12.28-1
1,3-Dichloropropylene . .1.12.14-1
2/2-Dichlorovinyl-0/0-dimethyl phosphate 1.13.39-1
Dichlorvos 1.13.39-1
Dicofol 1.13.14-1
Dicophane 1.13.11-1
Dieldrin 1.13.9-1
Diethylamine 1.7.9-1
Diethylether 1.6.2-1
0,0-Diethyl-S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl]
phosphorodithioate 1.13.41-1
Di(2-ethylhexyl)orthophthalate 1.6.5-1
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 1.6.5-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-6
-------
0,0-Diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-6-
methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) ester 1.13.29-1
Diethyl mercaptosuccinate 1.13.32-1
Diethyl phthalate 1.6.2-1
O,O-Diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-
pyridyl )-phosphorothioate 1.13.38-1
0,Q-Diethyl-S-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl]phosphorodithialate. .1.13.41-1
2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-
benzofuranol methylcarbamate 1.13.22-1
2/3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl ester 1.13.22-1
1, 3-Dihydroxybenzene 1.8.9-1
4-Dimethylamino-3, 5-xylyl N-methylcarbamate 1.13.43-1
DimethyIbenzenes 1.9.18-1
O,O-Dimethyl-0-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate 1.13.33-1
Dimethylnitrosamine 1.7.1-1
2,4-Dimethylphenol . . 1.8.10-1
Dimethyl phthalate 1.6.1-1
Dimethyl(2,2, 2-trichloro-l-hydroxyethyl)
phosphonate 1.13.44-1
4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol 1.8.13-1
2/4-Dinitro-6-methyl-phenol 1.8.13-1
2,4-Dinitrophenol 1.8.8-1
2,4-Dinitrotoluene . 1.9.11-1
2,6-Dinitrotoluene ... 1.9.12-1
Dinitrotoluol 1.9.11-1
1.9.12-1
Dioctyl-o-benzenedicarboxylate 1.6.4-1
n-Dioctyl phthalate ........ .1.6.4-1
Di-n-octyl phthalate .... .1.6.4-1
Di-sec-octyl phthalate 1.6.5-1
Dioform 1.12.25-1
Diphenylenemethane 1.10.14-1
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine 1.7.6-1
Diphenylnitrosoamine 1.7.2-1
Di-n-propylnitrosoamine 1.7.3-1
Diquat 1.13.40-1
Diquat dibromide . 1.13.40-1
Disulfoton 1.13.41-1
Dithiocarbonic anhydride 1.13.46-1
Diuron 1.13.18-1
DMP 1.6.1-1
DNOC 1.8.13-1
2,4-DNP 1.8.8-1
DNT 1.9.11-1
Dodecylbenzenesulfonate ... 1.15.2-1
Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid . 1.15.2-1
Dodecyl ester . 1.15.2-1
DOP .1.6.4-1
Dowco 179 1.13.38-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-7
-------
Dowtherm-E 1.9.3-1
Dursban 1.13.38-1
Dylox . .1.13.44-1
EDB 1.12.30-1
Embafume 1.12.17-1
a-Endosulfan 1.13,1-1
g-Endosulfan 1.13.3-1
Endosulfan sulfate 1.13.2-1
Endrin 1.13.13-1
Endrin aldehyde 1.13.19-1
Epichlorohydrin 1.12.31-1
1,2-Epoxy-propane . .1.14.18-1
s-ester with O,O-dimethylphosphorodithioate. 1.13.32-1
Ethanal 1.14.1-1
1,2-Ethanediamine 1.7.10-1
Ethanoic acid ..... 1.14.2-1
Ethenyl ester 1.14.13-1
Ethinyl trichloride 1.12.23-1
Ethion 1.13.36-1
Ethylacetic acid 1.14.6-1
Ethyl aldehyde , 1.14.1-1
Ethylamine . 1.7.11-1
Ethylbenzene 1.9.8-1
1.9.16-1
Ethylbenzol 1.9.8-1
Ethyl chloride 1.12.5-1
Ethylene bromide 1.12.30-1
Ethylenediamine 1.7.10-1
Ethylene dibromide 1.12.30-1
cis-1, 2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid 1.14.10-1
trans-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid 1.14.9-1
Ethylene dichloride ....... 1.12.7-1
1,8-Ethylenenaphthalene . . 1.10.9-1
Ethylene tetrachloride 1.12.26-1
Ethylene trichloride 1.12.23-1
2-Ethylhexyl phthalate 1.6.5-1
Ethylidene chloride 1.12.6-1
Ethylidene dichloride 1.12.6-1
Ethyl phthalate 1.6.2-1
Fluoranthene 1.10.13-1
Fluorene .... .1.10.14-1
Fluorocarbon-11 .... .1.12.22-1
Fluorocarbon-12 . .... .1.12.21-1
Formaldehyde . ..... I.14.7-1
Formalin .... 1.14.7-1
Formic acid 1.14.8-1
Formylic acid 1.14.8-1
Freon-11 1.12.22-1
Freon-12 1.12.21-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-8
-------
Fumaric acid 1.14.9-1
Fural 1.14.17-1
2-Furaldehyde 1.14.17-1
2-Furancarbonyl 1.14.17-1
Furfural 1.14.17-1
Furfuraldehyde 1.14.17-1
Furfurole 1.14.17-1
Furole 1.14.17-1
Genklene 1.12.8-1
Glycoldibromide 1.12.30-1
Glycol dichloride 1.12.7-1
Green Oil 1.10-11-1
Guthion 1.13.35-1
Halowax I.10.1-1
KCB 1.9.7-1
HCBD 1.12.15-1
HCCH 1.13.4-1
1.13.5-1
1.13.6-1
1.13.7-1
HCCPD 1.12.16-1
HCH 1.13.4-1
1.13.5-1
1.13.6-1
1.13.7-1
HEOD 1.13.9-1
HHDN 1.13.8-1
Heptachlor 1.13.20-1
Heptachlor epoxide 1.13.21-1
1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-2,3-epoxy-
2,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindene 1.13.21-1
l,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-3a,4,7,7a-
tetrahydro-4, 7-methanoindene 1.13.20-1
Hexachlorobenzene 1.9.7-1
Hexachlorobutadiene 1.12.15-1
Hexachloro-1, 3-butadiene 1.12.15-1
Hexachlorocyclohexane 1.13.4-1
1.13.5-1
% 1.13.6-1
1.13.7-1
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 1.12.16-1
1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-
1,4,4a,8,8a-oc tahydro-1,4-endo,
endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene 1.13.13-1
1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-
1,4,43,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-
endo, exo-5, 8-dimethanonaphthalene 1.13.9-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-9
-------
Hexachloroethane 1.12.11-1
1,2,3,4,10,10-Hexachloro-l,4,43,5,8,8a-
hexahydro-oxo-1,4-endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene . . . 1.13.8-1
6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-l,5,5a,6,9,9a-
hexahydro-6,9-methano-2 , 4, 3-
benzodioxathiepin-3,3-dioxide 1.13.2-1
6,7,8,9,10,10-Hexachloro-l, 5,53,6,9, 9a-
hexahydro-6,9-methano-2,4,3-
benzo(e)dioxathiepin-3-oxide 1.13.1-1
1.13.3-1
Hexahydrobenzene 1.15.3-1
Hexamethylene 1.15.3-1
Hexanaphthene 1.15.3-1
1, 6-Hexanedioic acid 1.14.14-1
Hydrazobenzene 1.7.6-1
Hydrochloric ether 1.12.5-1
Hydrogen carboxylic acid 1.14.8-1
Hydroxybenzene 1.8.1-1
Hydroxybenzenes 1.8.11-1
4-Hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid, zinc salt 1.15.7-1
l-Hydroxy-2,4-dimethylbenzene 1.8.10-1
2-Hydroxyni trobenzene 1.8.6-1
4-Hydroxynitrobenzene 1.8.7-1
m-Hydroxyphenol 1.8.9-1
Hydroxytoluene 1.8.14-1
Idryl 1.10.13-1
Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 1.10.6-1
IP 1.10.6-1
Isoamyl acetate 1.14.4-1
Isooctaphenone 1.15.4-1
Isophorone 1.15.4-1
Isoprene 1.13.37-1
Kelthane 1.13.14-1
Kelthanethanol 1.13.14-1
Kepone 1.13.17-1
Lead 1.4.9-1
Lindane 1.13.7-1
Liquid silver 1.4.10-1
Lorsban .1.13.38-1
Malathion 1.13.32-1
Maleic acid 1.14.10-1
Mercaptodimethur 1.13.23-1
Mereaptomethane 1.15.1-1
Mercurialin 1.7.12-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-10
-------
Mercury 1.4.10-1
Merex 1.13.17-1
Mersurol 1.13.23-1
Metadichlorobenzene 1.9.4-1
Methacide 1.9.10-1
Methanal 1.14.7-1
Methanamine 1.7.12-1
Methane carboxylic acid 1.14.2-1
Methane dichloride 1.12.2-1
Methane tetrachloride 1.12.4-1
Methanethiol 1.15.1-1
Methanoic acid 1.14.8-1
1,2,4-Methenocyclopenta(c,d)pentalene-
r-carboxaldehyde,2,23,3,3, 4, 7-
hexachlorodecahydro 1.13.19-1
Methenyl tribromide 1.12.20-1
Methiocarb 1.13.23-1
2-Methoxycarbonyl-l-methylvinyl
dimethyl phosphate 1.13.42-1
Methylacetic acid - 1.14.12-1
Methylamine 1.7.12-1
Methylbenzene 1.9.10-1
Methylbenzol 1.9.10-1
Methyl bromide 1.12.17-1
2-Methyl-l/3-butadiene 1.13.37-1
Methyl carbamic acid 1.13.22-1
Methylcarbamic acid 1.13.27-1
Methyl chloride 1.12.1-1
Methyl chloroform 1.12.8-1
l-Methyl-2/4-dinitrotoluene 1.9.11-1
Methylene bichloride 1.12.2-1
Methylene chloride 1.12.2-1
Methylene dichloride 1.12.2-1
Methyl ester 1.14.11-1
Methyl mercaptan 1.15.1-1
Methyl methacrylate 1.14.11-1
Methyl nitrobenzene 1.9.19-1
N-Methyl-N-nitrosomethanamine 1.7.1-1
Methyloxiron 1.14.18-1
Methyl parathion 1.13.33-1
Methylphenol 1.8.14-1
Methyl phthalate 1.6.1-1
2-Methyl-propenoic acid 1.14.11-1
Methyl sulfhydrate 1.15.1-1
Methyltoluenes 1.9.18-1
Mevinphos 1.13.42-1
Mexacarbate 1.13.43-1
Monobromomethane 1.12.17-1
Monochlorobenzene 1.9.2-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-11
-------
Monochloroethane 1.12.5-1
Monochloroethylene 1.12.12-1
Monochloromethane 1.12.1-1
Monoethylamine 1.7.11-1
Monomethylamine 1.7.12-1
Monovinylchloride 1.12.12-1
Muriatic ether 1.12.5-1
MVC 1.12.12-1
Naled 1.13.15-1
Naphthalene 1.10.15-1
Naphthanthracene 1.10.2-1
Naphthene 1.10.15-1
Naphthenic acid 1.9.20-1
1-Naphthyl ester 1.13.27-1
1-Naphthyl methylcarbamate 1.13.27-1
Nickel 1.4.11-1
Nitrobenzene 1.9.9-1
Nitrobenzol 1.9.9-1
2-Nitrophenol 1.8.6-1
4-Nitrophenol 1.8.7-1
o-Nitrophenol 1.8.6-1
p-Nitrophenol 1.8.7-1
N-Nitrosodimethylamine 1.7.1-1
N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine 1.7.3-1
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine 1.7.2-1
N-Nitroso-N-phenyl benzamine 1.7.2-1
N-Nitroso-N-propyl-1-propanamine 1.7.3-1
Nitrotoluene 1.9.19-1
N-methyl-N-nitrosomethanamine 1.7.1-1
l,2,4,5,6,7,8,8-0ctachloro-3a,4,7,7a-
tetrahydro-4, 7-methanoindane 1.13.24-1
Octyl phthalate 1.6.4-1
Oil of mirbane 1.9.9-1
Omite 1.13.45-1
Orthodibrom 1.13.15-1
Orthodichlorobenzene . . .1.9.3-1
Oxomethane 1.14.7-1
1, l'-Oxybis(2-chloroethane) 1.5.2-1
Oxybis(chloromethane) 1.5.1-1
2,2 '-Oxybis(l-chloropropane) 1.5.3-1
Parachlorometa cresol 1.8.12-1
Paradichlorobenzene 1.9.5-1
Paramoth 1.9.5-1
Paranaphthalene 1.10.11-1
Parathion 1.13.34-1
PCP 1.8.5-1
Pentachlorol 1.8.5-1
Pentachlorophenol 1.8.5-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-12
-------
Perchlorobenzene 1.9.7-1
Perchlorocyclopentadiene 1.12.16-1
Perchloroethane 1.12.11-1
Perchloroethylene 1.12.26-1
Perchloromethane 1.12.4-1
Phenanthrene 1.10.16-1
Phenanthrin 1.10.16-1
Phenic acid 1.8.1-1
Phenol 1.8.1-1
Phenoyl hydroxides 1.8.11-1
Phenylamine 1.9.13-1
2,3-o-Phenylenepyrene 1.10.6-1
Phenylethane 1.9.8-1
Phenylethylene 1.9.16-1
Phenyl hydrate 1.8.1-1
Phenyl hydroxide 1.8.1-1
Phenylmethane 1.9.10-1
Phosdrin 1.13.42-1
Phosgene 1.12.29-1
Phosphoric acid 1.13.15-1
Phthalic acid, dimethyl ester 1.6.1-1
Phygon 1.13.16-1
Pigment metal 4 1.4.9-1
Polychlorocamphene 1.13.25-1
Propanoic acid 1.14.12-1
Propargite 1.13.45-1
2-Propenal 1.14.16-1
2-Propen-l-ol 1.14.3-1
Propenonitrile 1.7.7-1
2-Propenyl chloride 1.12.27-1
Propionic acid 1.14.12-1
Propylene chloride 1.12.13-1
Propylene dichloride 1.12.13-1
Propylene oxide 1.14.18-1
Propylformic acid 1.14.6-1
Pyrene 1.10.17-1
Quinoline 1.9.17-1
Resorcin 1.8.9-1
Resorcinol 1.8.9-1
Sanquinon 1.13.16-1
Selenium 1.4.12-1
Sevin 1.13.27-1
Silver 1.4.13-1
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-13
-------
Strychnidin-10-one 1.15.5-1
Strychnine 1.15.5-1
Styrene 1.9.16-1
Tar camphor 1.10.15-1
TBH 1.13.4-1
1.13.5-1
I.13.6-1
1.13.7-1
TCDD 1.15.6-1
Terabol 1.12.17-1
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1.15.6-1
sym-Tetrachloroethane 1.12.10-1
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1.12.10-1
Tetrachloroethene 1.12.26-1
Tetrachloroethylene 1.12.26-1
Tetrachloromethane 1.12.4-1
0,0,0',0'-Tetraethyl-S,S'-methylene-
bisphosphorodithioate 1.13.36-1
Tetra Olive NZG I. 10. 11-1
Tetraphene 1.10.2-1
Thallium 1.4.14-1
Thiomethyl alcohol 1.15.1-1
Tokresol 1.8.14-1
Toluene 1.9.10-1
Toluol 1.9.10-1
Total phenols 1.8.11-1
Toxaphene 1.13.25-1
Toxilic acid 1.14.10-1
Tremolite 1.4.3-1
Tribromomethane 1.12.20-1
Tri-Clene .1.12.23-1
Trichlorfon 1.13.44-1
unsym-Trichlorobenzene 1.9.6-1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1.9.6-1
1,1,l-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane 1.13.11-1
2,2,2-Trichloro-l,1-di-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol 1.13.14-1
1,1,1-Trichloroethane . . . 1.12.8-1
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1.12.9-1
Trichloroethene 1.12.23-1
Trichloroethylene 1.12.23-1
Trichlorof luoromethane 1.12.22-1
Trichloromethane 1.12.3-1
N-(Trichloromethylthio)-4-cyclohexene-
1,2-dicarboxylic acidimide 1.13.26-1
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 1.8.4-1
Tricresol 1.8.14-1
Triethylamine 1.7.13-1
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1984-432-453
Date: 12/22/82 1.17-14
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