Pesticides Industry
Sales and Usage
2000 and 2001
Market Estimates
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Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage
2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
By
Timothy Kiely
David Donaldson
Arthur Grube, Ph.D.
Biological and Economic Analysis Division
Office of Pesticide Programs
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC 20460
May 2004
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance provided by the following reviewers:
• Allen Jennings, United States Department of Agriculture;
• Chuck Benbrook, Benbrook Consulting Services;
• Susan Kegley, Pesticide Action Network, North America;
• George Farnsworth and Gary Spolarich, California Department of Pesticide Regulation;
• Greg Malcolm, Doane Marketing Research, Inc.;
• Dennis Fugate, Kline & Co., Inc.;
• Leonard Gianessi, CropLife Foundation;
• Sarah Hoffman, United States Department of Agriculture; and
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reviewers.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page i
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contents
Contents
Sections
1. Introduction Page 1
2. 2000 and 2001 Sales Page 4
2.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures Page 4
2.2 Value of U.S. Pesticides: Producer Level Page 5
2.3 Pesticide Expenditures in the U.S.: Users Page 6
2.4 Pesticide and Farm Expenditures intheU.S Page 7
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage Page 8
3.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Amount Used Page 8
3.2 Pesticide Supply in the U.S.: Producer Level Page 9
3.3 Pesticide Amount Used in the U.S.: Total Page 10
3.4 Amount of Pesticides Used in the U.S.: Conventional Page 12
3.5 Share of U. S. Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sectors Page 13
3.6 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients in the U.S.
Agricultural Market Sector Page 14
3.7 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients in the U.S.
Non-Agricultural Market Sectors Page 15
3.8 Amount of Organophosphate Insecticides Used intheU.S Page 16
3.9 Pesticide Amount Used in the U.S.: Other Page 18
3.10 Pesticide Amount Used in the U.S.: Specialty Biocides and Chlorine/Hypochlorites Page 19
4. Producers and Users Page 20
4.1 Pesticide Producers and Users Page 20
5. Historical Data Page 21
5.1 Annual Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S.: 1982 -2001 Page 21
5.2 Annual Amount of Pesticides Used in the U.S.: 1982-2001 Page 26
6. Glossary Page 32
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contents
Tables
2. 2000 and 2001 Sales
Table 2.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures at User Level by Pesticide Type, 2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 4
Table 2.2 Value of U.S. Pesticide Production, Imports, Exports, and Supply at Producer Level Page 5
Table 2.3 User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type and Market Sector,
2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 6
Table 2.4 Farm Production Expenditures in the U.S Page 7
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
Table 3.1 World and U.S. Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 8
Table 3.2 U.S. Pesticide Production, Imports, Exports, and Supply in Amount of Active Ingredient Produced at
the Producer Level Page 9
Table 3.3 Amount of Pesticides Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Group, 2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 10
Table 3.4 Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 12
Table 3.5 Share of U.S. Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sector Shares, 2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 13
Table 3.6 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Agricultural Market Sector, 2001, 1999, 1997, and 1987 Estimates Page 14
Table 3.7 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Home and Garden Market Sector, 200 land 1999 Estimates Page 15
Table 3.8 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector, 2001 and 1999 Estimates Page 15
Table 3.9 Amount of Organophosphate Insecticide Active Ingredients Used in the U.S.,
All Market Sectors, 1980 - 2001 Estimates Page 16
Table 3.10 Most Commonly Used Organophosphate Insecticide Active Ingredients,
All Market Sectors, 2001 and 1999 Estimates Page 17
Table 3.11 Other Pesticides Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 18
Table 3.12 Specialty Biocides Used in the U.S. by End Use Market, 2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 19
Table 3.13 Chlorine/Hypochlorites Used in the U. S. by End Use Market, 2000 and 2001 Estimates Page 19
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contents
Tables (Continued)
4. Producers and Users
Table 4.1 Number of U.S. Pesticide Producers, Formulators, and Distributors Page 20
Table 4.2 Land in Farms, Land Harvested, Number of Farms, and Farms Using Pesticides Page 20
Table 4.3 Number of Commercial Pest Control Firms and Number of Certified Applicators Page 20
Table 4.4 Number of U.S. Households Using Pesticides Page 20
5. Historical Data
Table 5.1 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U. S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, All Market Sectors Page 22
Table 5.2 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U. S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, Agricultural Market Sector Page 23
Table 5.3 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector Page 24
Table 5.4 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U. S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, Home and Garden Market Sector Page 25
Table 5.5 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, All Market Sectors Page 27
Table 5.6 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, Agricultural Market Sector Page 28
Table 5.7 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector Page 29
Table 5.8 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, Home and Garden Market Sector Page 30
Table 5.9 Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sector Shares, 1964 -2001 Page 31
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page v
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Contents
Figures
2. 2000 and 2001 Sales
Figure 2.1 World and U. S. Pesticide Expenditures at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2001 Estimates Page 5
Figure 2.2 User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2001 Estimates Page 7
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
Figure 3.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Amounts of Active Ingredient at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2001 Estimates Page 9
Figure 3.2 Amount of Pesticides Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Group, 2001 Estimates Page 11
Figure 3.3 Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2001 Estimates Page 13
Figure 3.4 Total Amount of Organophosphate and All Other Insecticides Active Ingredients Used in
the U.S. in All Market Sectors, 1980-2001 Page 17
5. Historical Data
Figure 5.1 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U. S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, All Market Sectors Page 22
Figure 5.2 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U. S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982-2001 Estimates, Agricultural Market Sector Page 23
Figure 5.3 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector Page 24
Figure 5.4 Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U. S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982-2001 Estimates, Home and Garden Market Sector Page 25
Figure 5.5 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, All Market Sectors Page 27
Figure 5.6 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982-2001 Estimates, Agricultural Market Sector Page 28
Figure 5.7 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates, Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector Page 29
Figure 5.8 Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type, 1982-2001 Estimates, Home and Garden Market Sector Page 30
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1. Introduction
1. Introduction
Purpose of Report
Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug,
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in cooperation with the States and
other agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USD A), is responsible for regulating the production and use of pesticides in the United States. This report
provides contemporary and historical economic information on the U.S. pesticide producing and using sectors
covered by these state and federal regulatory programs. Economic profile information covers a variety of topics,
particularly the pesticide market with respect to dollar values and quantities of active ingredient. The EPA
Pesticide Program has issued such market reports since 1979.
This report is intended only to present objective economic profile and trend information reflecting the
best available information on pesticide sales and use. It does not attempt to interpret, reach conclusions about, or
make inferences about the data. Detailed analysis of causal factors or implications, such as potential impacts on
human health, the environment, or the economy, falls beyond the scope of this project.
We caution the reader not to infer too much from changes in the amount of pesticides used from year to
year. Changes in the amount of pesticides used are not necessarily correlated to changes in the level of pest
control or changes in the human health and environmental risks associated with pesticide use.
Data Sources
Neither EPA nor any other agency has a program devoted specifically to estimating the overall pesticide
market in terms of dollars spent and quantity of active ingredient used on an annual basis. This report uses the
best available information from the public domain and proprietary sources. The numbers in the report represent
approximate values rather than precise values with known statistical properties.
The Agency has a wide variety of public and proprietary information upon which to base estimates of
pesticide sales and use. The Pesticide Data Center in the Biological and Economic Analysis Division (BEAD) of
EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) maintains extensive files and library materials. These materials
cover different pesticide types and groupings in the agricultural market sector, which account for a majority of
the use of conventional pesticides, and in non-agricultural market sectors. The Agency uses three national
database services for the agricultural sector, including one from the USD A, and a number of more specific data
sources. Similar data sources cover the non-agricultural sectors. EPA also uses proprietary data sources, with
vendor permission, to estimate agricultural and non-agricultural market sectors. These proprietary data sources,
produced by well-known organizations, also serve pesticide registrants and other private sector firms analyzing
the U.S. pesticide market.
Overview of Contents/Scope of Report
This report profiles the U.S. pesticide industry for the years 2000 and 2001. Data, estimated using
several different parameters (e.g., pesticide type, pesticide group, market sector), appear in tabular format. The
scope of the report is largely inclusive of the U.S. pesticide industry and includes data on expenditures, volume,
imports, exports, firms, individuals involved in production and use of pesticides, number of pesticides, and
number of certified applicators, among other topics. The report includes graphical representations of the data
where useful. Although most of the information covers the years 2000 and 2001, this report also includes a
historical section.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 1
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1. Introduction
Following this Introduction (Section 1), Section 2 summarizes U.S. and world pesticide user
expenditures in 2000 and 2001, and Section 3 summarizes U.S. and world pesticide amounts used in 2000 and
2001. Section 4 presents background information on pesticide market sectors. Finally, Section 5 presents
historical data summarizing pesticide expenditures and estimates of amount used since 1982.
The writing of the 2002 and 2003 pesticides industry sales and usage report is scheduled to begin once
all of the supporting pesticide sales and usage data for 2003 are published (Fall 2004). If you have questions
regarding this report or need further information, please contact the authors at the following address:
Biological and Economic Analysis Division
Office of Pesticide Programs (7503 C)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Ariel Rios Building
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20460
You may also contact the authors by e-mail or (telephone): kiely.timothy@epa.gov (703-308-8112),
donaldson.david@epa.gov (703-308-9546), and grube.arthur@epa.gov (703-308-8095).
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2. 2000 and 2001 Sales
2. 2000 and 2001 Sales
2.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures
World pesticide expenditures totaled more than $32.5 billion in 2000 and nearly $32.0 billion in 2001
(see Table 2.1). Expenditures on herbicides accounted for the largest portion of total expenditures (more than
40%), followed by expenditures on insecticides, fungicides, and other pesticides, respectively. Total
expenditures were down in 2001 due to decreased spending on all pesticide types.
U.S. pesticide expenditures totaled more than $11 billion in 2000 and 2001, in proportions similar to
those of world expenditures, with a relatively larger proportion of total U.S. expenditures on herbicides (see
Figure 2.1). U.S. expenditures accounted for more than 3 3% of total world expenditures on pesticides, more
than 40% of world expenditures on herbicides, more than 33% of world expenditures on insecticides, and more
than 10% and 25% of world expenditures on fungicides and other pesticides, respectively.2 The Agency based
its estimates of world and U.S. pesticide expenditures on the estimated pesticide expenditures and estimated
changes in pesticide expenditures by type derived from public and proprietary EPA databases. See Section 2.3
for a more detailed look at U.S. expenditures on pesticides in 2000 and 2001.
Table 2.1
World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Year
Type
World Market
Mil$
%
U.S. Market
Mil$
%
U.S. Percentage
of World Market
2000
Herbicides1
Insecticides2
Fungicides2
Other3
Total
14,319
9,102
6,384
2,964
32,769
44
28
19
9
100
6,365
3,129
860
811
11,165
57
28
8
7
100
44
34
13
27
34
2001
Herbicides1
Insecticides2
Fungicides2
Other3
Total
14,118
8,763
6,027
2,848
31,756
44
28
19
9
100
6,410
3,124
835
721
11,090
58
28
8
7
100
45
36
14
25
35
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table does not cover wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/
hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, Cropnosis Limited data, and EPA proprietary data.
1. "Herbicides" include herbicides and plant growth regulators.
2. "Insecticides" and "fungicides" exclude sulfur and petroleum oil.
3. "Other" includes nematicides, fumigants, rodenticides, molluscicides, aquatic and fish/bird pesticides, other
miscellaneous conventional pesticides, plus other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
Page 4—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2. 2000 and 2001 Sales
40,000
32,000
•3 24,000 - -
a
3 16,000 - -
8,000 -
Figure 2.1
World and U.S. Pesticide Expenditures at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2001 Estimates
• World Market
D U.S. Market
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Pesticide Type
Other
Total
2.2 Value of U.S. Pesticides: Producer Level
Table 2.2 summarizes the 2000 and 2001 average U.S. value of pesticides at the producer level, includ-
ing production, import, export, and supply (total and net). Pesticide sales related to U.S. production and con-
sumption of pesticides comprised $9.3 billion of domestic production, $1.0 billion of imports, $1.6 billion of
exports, and $8.7 billion of net supply at the producer level.
Table 2.2
Value of U.S. Pesticide Production, Imports, Exports, and Supply
at Producer Level
Category
Production
Imports
Total Supply
Exports
Net Supply
Annual Sales
(Billions of Dollars)
Average of 2000 and 2001
9.3
1.0
10.3
1.6
8.7
Note: Excludes industrial wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Includes
conventional pesticides and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA Foreign Agricultural
Service's Trade Internet System (http://www.fas.usda.gov/ustrade), and EPA proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 5
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
2. 2000 and 2001 Sales
2.3 Pesticide Expenditures in the U.S.: Users
U.S. expenditures at the user level for conventional and other pesticides totaled more than $11 billion in
both 2000 and 2001 (see Table 2.3). The conventional and other pesticides included in the estimates are herbi-
cides, insecticides, fungicides, nematicides, fumigants, sulfur, petroleum oil, and others. The estimates exclude
expenditures on specialty biocides, wood preservatives, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Reductions in spending in the agricultural sector on all pesticide types more than offset increases in
spending in the non-agricultural sectors (industry/commercial/government, home and garden) in 2001, resulting
in a decline in total 2001 expenditures. Expenditures in the agriculture sector accounted for more than two-
thirds of total expenditures in both years. Herbicide expenditures dominated in all sectors except the home and
garden sector, where insecticides comprised nearly 60% of all expenditures (see Figure 2.2). The estimated ex-
penditures rely on the estimated changes in pesticide expenditures by sector and type provided in public and pro-
prietary EPA databases.
Table 2.3
User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Year
Market Sector
Herbicides / Plant
Growth Regulators
Mil$
2000
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
5,007
762
596
6,365
%
Insecticides /
Miticides
Mil $ %
Fungicides
Mil$
79
12
9
100
1,411 45
468 15
1,250 40
3,129 100
647
172
41
860
%
Other1
Mil$
75
20
5
100
547
83
181
811
%
Total
Mil$
67
10
22
100
7,612
1,485
2,068
11,165
%
68
13
19
100
2001
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
4,987
792
631
6,410
78
12
10
100
1,326 42
510 16
1,288 41
3,124 100
615
172
48
835
74
21
6
100
476
61
184
721
66
8
26
100
7,404
1,535
2,151
11,090
67
14
19
100
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table does not cover industrial wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys and EPA proprietary data.
See Tables 5.1 to 5.4 for 1982-2001 estimates.
1. "Other" includes nematicides, fumigants, rodenticides, molluscicides, aquatic and fish/bird pesticides, other miscellaneous conventional pesti-
cides, plus other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
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2. 2000 and 2001 Sales
Figure 2.2
User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2001 Estimates
7,000
[] Agriculture
0 Mdusliy/CbrmreKad/Govemnent
• Horns & Garden
Herbicides
Insecticides Fungicides
Pesticide Type
Other
2.4 Pesticide and Farm
Expenditures in the U.S.
Pesticides are an important component of
total farm expenditures and are integral to farm
budgeting and management. U.S. pesticide expendi-
tures in 2000 and 2001 totaled 3.9% and 3.7% of total
farm expenditures, respectively (see Table 2.4). Total
farm expenditures increased slightly in 2001 while
pesticide expenditures declined. Total farm expendi-
tures are based on USDA estimates and pesticide ex-
penditure estimates from Table 2.3.
Table 2.4
Farm Production Expenditures
in the U.S.
Expenditure
(Billion $)
Pesticides
Total
Pesticides as %
of Total
2000
$7.6
$193.6
3.9%
2001
$7.4
$200.8
3.7%
Source: EPA Estimates (Table 2.3); USDA/
National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)
(http ://www.usda. gov/nass).
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3.1 World and U.S. Pesticide Amount Used
World pesticide amount used exceeded 5.0 billion pounds in 2000 and 2001 (see Table 3.1). Herbicides
accounted for the largest portion of total use, followed by other pesticide use, insecticide use, and fungicide
use. Total world pesticide amount used decreased in 2001 for all pesticide types.
U.S. pesticide amount used in both 2000 and 2001 exceeded 1.2 billion pounds, in proportions similar
to those of world pesticide use, with a larger portion of total U.S. pesticide use on herbicides and other pesticides
(see Figure 3.1). U.S. pesticide amount used accounted for more than 20% of total world pesticide amount used,
more than 25% of world herbicide amount used, less than 10% of world insecticide amount used, and approxi-
mately 15% and 30% of world fungicides and other pesticide amount used, respectively. The estimates of world
and U.S. pesticide use rely on estimated pesticide amount used and estimated changes in pesticide amount used
by type derived from public and proprietary EPA databases. Subsequent sections provide a more detailed analy-
sis of U.S. pesticide amount used in 2000 and 2001.
Table 3.1
World and U.S. Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Year
Type
World Market
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
U.S. Market
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
U.S. Percentage
of World Market
2000
Herbicides1
Insecticides
Fungicides
Other2
Total
1,944 36
1,355 25
516 10
1,536 29
5,351 100
542 44
122 10
74 6
496 40
1,234 100
28
9
14
32
23
2001
Herbicides1
Insecticides
Fungicides
Other2
Total
1,870 37
1,232 24
475 9
1,469 29
5,046 100
553 46
105 9
73 6
472 39
1,203 100
30
9
15
32
24
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table does not cover wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/
hypochlorites. The abbreviation "a.i." stands for active ingredient.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, Cropnosis Limited data, USDA/NASS data (http://
www.usda.gov/nass), and EPA proprietary data.
1. "Herbicides" include herbicides and plant growth regulators.
2. "Other" includes nematicides, fumigants, rodenticides, molluscicides, aquatic and fish/bird pesticides, other
miscellaneous conventional pesticides, plus other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
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3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
Figure 3.1
World and U.S. Pesticide Amounts of Active Ingredient at User Level
by Pesticide Type, 2001 Estimates
6,000
5,000
4,000
=
s
o
PH
3,000
=
o
2,000
1,000
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Pesticide Type
Other
Total
3.2 Pesticide Supply in the U.S.: Producer Level
Table 3.2 summarizes the 2000 and 2001 average U.S. distribution of pesticides at the producer level,
including amount of production, amount of imports, amount of exports, and amount of supply (total and net).
Pesticide amount related to U.S. pesticide production and consumption comprised 1.6 billion pounds of domestic
production, 0.1 billion pounds of imports, 0.4 billion pounds of exports, and 1.3 billion pounds of net supply.
Table 3.2
U.S. Pesticide Production, Imports, Exports, and Supply
in Amount of Active Ingredient Produced at the Producer Level
Category
Production
Imports
Total Supply
Exports
Net Supply
Active Ingredient
(Billions of Pounds)
Average of 2000 and 2001
1.6
0.1
1.7
0.4
1.3
Note: Excludes industrial wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. Includes
conventional pesticides and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil).
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA Foreign Agricultural
Service's Trade Internet System (http://www.fas.usda.gov/ustrade), and EPA proprietary data.
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3.3 Pesticide Amount Used in the U.S.: Total
Total pesticide amount used in the United States approximated 5 billion pounds in both 2000 and 2001
(see Table 3.3). This estimate includes the conventional, other, wood preservative, specialty biocide, and
chlorine/hypochlorite pesticide groups. With more than 2.5 billion pounds used, chlorine/hypochlorites
exceeded all other pesticide groups combined (see Figure 3.2). The estimates of use by group rely on the
estimated amount used and changes in estimated amount used by pesticide group derived from public and
proprietary EPA databases. A discussion of the amount used of each pesticide group in 2000 and 2001 appears
in subsequent sections (see footnotes to Table 3.3 for locations).
Table 3.3
Amount of Pesticides Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Group, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Pesticide Group
Conventional Pesticides1
Other Pesticides2
Specialty Biocides3
Chlorine/Hypochlorites4
Wood Preservatives5
Total
Total (Million Pounds)
2000 2001
926 888
308 315
353 363
2,532 2,609
809 797
4,928 4,972
1. See Table 3.4 (conventional pesticides) for additional details and specific source
information.
2. "Other pesticides" include other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g. sulfur and petroleum
oil). See Table 3.11 (other pesticides) for additional details and specific source
information.
3. See Table 3.12 (specialty biocides) for additional details and specific source
information.
4. See Table 3.13 (chlorine/hypochlorites) for additional details and specific source
information.
5. Source: American Wood Preservatives Institute (AWPI) and EPA proprietary data.
"Wood Preservatives" include creosote, pentachlorophenol, and chromated copper arsenate
(CCA).
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3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
Figure 3.2
Amount of Pesticides Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Group, 2001 Estimates
Chlorine/Hypochlorites (52%)
Conventional Pesticides (18%)
Other Pesticides (6%)
Wood Preservatives (16%)
Specialty Biocides (7%)
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3.4 Amount of Pesticides Used in the U.S.: Conventional
Table 3.4 shows that conventional pesticide amount used in 2000 and 2001 totaled 926 and 888 million
pounds of active ingredient, respectively. This category of pesticide use was second highest among all pesticide
groups in the U.S. after chlorine/hypochlorites. Table 3.4 shows the breakout of this use by pesticide type and
market sector. Pesticide types in this group include herbicides, plant growth regulators, insecticides, miticides,
fungicides, nematicides, fumigants, and others.1 The amount used in the agricultural sector accounted for the
majority of the total amount used in both years, with the two non-agricultural sectors (industry/commercial/
government and home & garden) cumulatively accounting for less than 25% of the total use in each year (see
Table 3.4). The amount used in the agriculture sector accounted for the majority of the total amount used by
pesticide type in both years as well - more than 60% of the total amount used of each type, except for fungicides
in 2000 (59%) and 2001 (58%). Figure 3.3 graphs the distribution of use by pesticide type and sector. The
estimated use levels rely on the estimated amount used and changes in amount used of conventional pesticides
by sector and type derived from public and proprietary EPA databases.
Table 3.4
Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Year
Sector
Herbicides / Plant
Growth Regulators
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
Insecticides /
Miticides
Mil Ibs
of a.i.
%
Fungicides
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
Nematicide /
Fumigant
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
Other
Conventional1
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
Total
Mil Ibs
of a.i.
%
2000
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
432 80
48 9
62 11
542 100
90
17
15
122
74
14
12
100
44 59
19 26
11 15
74 100
131 84
24 15
1 1
156 100
25 78
6 19
1 3
32 100
722
114
90
926
78
12
10
100
2001
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
433 78
49 9
71 13
553 100
73
15
17
105
70
14
16
100
42 58
19 26
12 16
73 100
102 80
24 19
1 1
127 100
25 83
4 13
1 3
30 100
675
111
102
888
76
13
11
100
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table does not cover industrial wood preservatives, specialty biocides, chlorine/hypochlorites, and other chemicals
used as pesticides (e.g., sulfur and petroleum oil). The abbreviation "a.i." stands for active ingredient.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass/), and EPA proprietary data.
See Tables 5.5 to 5.8 for 1982-2001 estimates.
1. "Other Conventional" pesticides include rodenticides, molluscicides, aquatic and fish/bird pesticides, and other miscellaneous conventional pesticides.
Page 12—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
Figure 3.3
Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2001 Estimates
jUU
of Pound
I i
0, ->W
a
o
zUU
luu -
o -
•
[] Agriculture
[] Indus Irv'/Commenaal/GovenimsTit
• Hnire XT. Qtrden
1 1
^^_ ^_^ 1 i
Herbicides/ Insecticides/ Fungicides Fumigants/ Other
Plant Growth Miticides Nematicides
Regulators
Pesticide Type
3.5 Share of U.S. Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sectors
Table 3.5 shows the agricultural and non-agricultural market share of total conventional pesticides
consumed in 2000 and 2001. The agricultural sector accounts for more than 75% of the total amount of
conventional pesticides used in both years. See Table 5.9 in the Historical Data section of this report for data
covering the years 1964 through 2001.
Table 3.5
Share of U.S. Amount of Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sector Shares, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Year
2000
2001
U.S.
Mil Ibs of a.i.
926
888
Agricultural Market Sector
Mil Ibs of a.i.
722
675
% of U.S.
78
76
Non-Agricultural Market Sector
Mil Ibs of a.i.
%ofU.S
204 22
213 24
Note: Conventional pesticides only, excluding sulfur, petroleum oil and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric
acid and insect repellents), wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
See Table 5.9 for 1964 - 2001. The abbreviation "a.i." stands for active ingredient.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass), and EPA
proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 13
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3.6 Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients in the U.S.
Agricultural Market Sector
Table 3.6 shows the 25 most commonly used conventional pesticide active ingredients in the
agricultural sector in 2001 and selected earlier years. Glyphosate was the most used active ingredient in 2001
(between 85 million and 90 million pounds), displacing atrazine, which had been the most used active ingredient
in agriculture for a number of years. Fifteen of the top 25 active ingredients used are herbicides; three are
fungicides; two are insecticides; four are fumigants; and one is a plant growth regulator. The rankings rely on
the estimated pounds of conventional pesticides used in the agricultural sector, taken from public and proprietary
EPA databases.
Table 3.6
Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Agricultural Market Sector, 2001,1999,1997, and 1987 Estimates
(Ranked by Range in Millions of Pounds of Active Ingredient)
Active Ingredient
Glyphosate
Atrazine
Metam Sodium
Acetochlor
2,4-D
Malathion
Methyl Bromide
Dichloropropene
Metolachlor-s
Metolachlor
Pendimethalin
Trifluralin
Chlorothalonil
Copper Hydroxide
Chlorpyrifos
Alachlor
Propanil
Chloropicrin
Dimethenamid
Mancozeb
Ethephon
EPTC
Simazine
Dicamba
Sulfosate
Type
H
H
Fum
H
H
I
Fum
Fum
H
H
H
H
F
F
I
H
H
Fum
H
F
PGR
H
H
H
H
2001
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Range
85-90
74-80
57-62
30-35
28-33
20-25
20-25
20-25
20-24
15-22
15-19
12-16
8-11
8-10
8-10
6-9
6-9
5-9
6-8
6-8
5-8
5-8
5-7
5-7
3-7
1999
Rank
2
1
3
4
6
7
5
11
12
8
10
9
13
15
16
17
18
14
20
21
24
19
NA
22
NA
Range
67-73
74-80
60-64
30-35
28-33
28-32
28-33
17-20
16-19
26-30
17-22
18-23
9-11
8-10
8-10
7-10
7-10
8-10
6-8
6-8
5-6
7-9
NA
6-8
NA
1997
Rank
5
1
3
7
8
NA
4
6
NA
2
9
10
15
13
14
12
22
25
20
17
NA
18
NA
16
NA
Range
34-38
75-82
53-58
31-36
29-33
NA
38-45
32-37
NA
63-69
24-28
21-25
7-10
10-13
9-13
13-16
6-8
5-6
6-9
7-10
NA
7-10
NA
7-10
NA
1987
Rank
17
1
15
NA
5
NA
NA
4
NA
o
5
10
6
19
19
14
2
13
NA
NA
21
NA
8
NA
23
NA
Range
6-8
71-76
5-8
NA
29-33
NA
NA
30-35
NA
45-50
10-13
25-30
5-7
5-7
6-9
55-60
7-10
NA
NA
4-6
NA
17-21
NA
4-6
NA
Note: List is limited to conventional pesticides and does not include sulfur and petroleum oil usage (see Table 3.11 for estimates).
H indicates herbicide; I, insecticide; Fum, fumigant; F, fungicide; and PGR, plant growth regulator. NA indicates that an estimate is not available.
Source: EPA estimates based on USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass) and EPA proprietary data.
Page 14—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3.7 Most Commonly
Used Conventional
Pesticide Active
Ingredients in the
U.S. Non-Agricultural
Market Sectors
Tables 3.7 and 3.8 show the
ten most commonly used conventional
pesticide active ingredients in the two
non-agricultural sectors (home &
garden and industry/commercial/
government) in both 2001 and 1999. In
both sectors, 2,4-D was the most used
active ingredient, with between eight
and eleven million pounds used in the
home and garden sector (see Table 3.7),
and between 16 and 18 million pounds
used in the industry/commercial/
government sector (see Table 3.8).
Seven of the top ten in the home and
garden sector are herbicides and three
are insecticides. Six of the top ten in
the industry/commercial/government
sector are herbicides, two are
fungicides, and two are insecticides. As
noted in Table 3.8, due to the fact that
some applicators apply pesticide in both
markets, there may be some usage
reported in one market that may have
occurred in the other. The rankings
rely on the estimated amount used of
conventional pesticides in the non-
agricultural sector taken from EPA
proprietary databases.
Table 3.7
Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Home and Garden Market Sector, 2001 and 1999 Estimates
(Ranked by Range in Millions of Pounds of Active Ingredient)
Active Ingredient
2,4-D
Glyphosate
Pendimethalin
Diazinon
MCPP
Carbaryl
Dicamba
Malathion
DCPA
Benefm
Type
H
H
H
I
H
I
H
I
H
H
2001
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Range
8-11
5-8
3-6
4-6
4-6
2-4
2-4
2-4
1-3
1-3
1999
Rank
1
2
NA
5
o
J
1
4
9
10
8
Range
7-9
5-8
NA
2-4
3-5
2-4
3-5
1-3
1-3
1-3
Note: Does not include moth controls: Paradiclorobenzene (30 - 35 million pounds per year)
and naphthalene (2-4 million pounds per year). Also does not include insect repellent N,N-
diethyl-meta-toluamide (5-7 millions pounds per year).
H indicates herbicide and I, insecticide. NA indicates that an estimate is not available.
Source: EPA proprietary data.
Table 3.8
Most Commonly Used Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredients,
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector, 2001 and 1999 Estimates
(Ranked by Range in Millions of Pounds of Active Ingredient)
Active Ingredient
2,4-D
Glyphosate
Copper Sulfate
Pendimethalin
Chlorothalanil
Chlorpyrifos
Diuron
MSMA
Triclopyr
Malathion
Type
H
H
F
H
F
I
H
H
H
I
2001
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Range
16-18
13-15
4-6
3-5
2-4
2-4
2-4
2-4
1-3
1-3
1999
Rank
1
2
3
4
7
5
8
6
10
9
Range
17-20
11-14
5-7
3-5
2-4
3-5
2-4
2-4
1-3
1-3
Note: Includes applications to homes and gardens by professional applicators. Does not
include sulfur or petroleum oil. H indicates herbicide; I, insecticide; and F, fungicide.
Source: EPA proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 15
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3.8 Amount of Organophosphate Insecticides Used in the U.S.
Table 3.9 shows the total amount of organophosphate insecticide used in 1980, 1985, and annually
since 1990. The top ten active ingredients in this pesticide class include malathion, chlorpyrifos, terbufos,
diazinon, methyl-parathion, phorate, acephate, phosmet, azinphos-methyl, and dimethoate (see Table 3.10).
Since the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) in 1996, this class of conventional pesticides has
been a primary focus of EPA reregistration activities. For more information on the active ingredients included in
this pesticide class and their reregistration and registration status, go to U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs
Web site at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/op/.
The amount of organophosphate insecticides used has declined nearly 45% since 1980, from an esti-
mated 131 million pounds in 1980 to 73 million pounds in 2001 (see Figure 3.4). Since 1980, however, organo-
phosphate use as a percent of total insecticide use has increased, from 58% in 1980 to 70% in 2001. The in-
crease in use in 1999 was due mainly to the increased amount of malathion used as part of the USDA-sponsored
Boll Weevil Eradication Program (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/weevil/). Malathion use in this program de-
creased over the last two years, resulting in a decline in total organophosphate use. The estimates of organo-
phosphate insecticide use rely on the estimated amount used and changes in the amount used of organophos-
phates from public and proprietary EPA databases.
Table 3.9
Amount of Organophosphate Insecticide Active Ingredients Used in the U.S.,
All Market Sectors, 1980 - 2001 Estimates
Year
1980
1985
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
All Insecticides
Mil Ibs of a.i.
228
161
121
114
116
115
124
125
116
112
103
126
122
105
Organophosphates
Mil Ibs of a.i. % of All Insecticides
131 58
114 71
85 70
82 72
84 72
79 69
83 67
80 64
75 65
73 65
66 64
91 72
88 72
73 70
Note: The abbreviation "a.i." stands for active ingredient.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS
(http://www.usda.gov/nass/), and EPA proprietary data.
Page 16—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
Figure 3.4
Total Amount of Organophosphate and All Other Insecticides Active Ingredients
Used in the U.S. in All Market Sectors, 1980 - 2001
250
200 -
•a
I 150
a.
I 100
50 -
0
Organophosphate Insecticide
All Other Insecticides
1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
Table 3.10
Most Commonly Used Organophosphate Insecticide Active Ingredients,
All Market Sectors, 2001 and 1999 Estimates
(Ranked by Range in Millions of Pounds of Active Ingredient)
Active Ingredient
Malathion
Chlorpyrifos
Diazinon
Terbufos
Acephate
Phorate
Methyl Parathion
Phosmet
Azinphos-Methyl
Dimethoate
2001
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Range
23-32
11-16
4-7
3-5
2-3
2-3
1-3
1-2
1-2
1-2
1999
Rank
1
2
4
3
7
6
5
9
8
10
Range
30-38
13-19
4-7
5-7
2-3
2-3
2-4
1-2
1-2
1-2
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/
NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass/), and EPA proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 17
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3.9 Pesticide Amount Used in the U.S.: Other
The total amount of other pesticides used in the U.S. was more than 300 million pounds in 2000
and 2001 (see Table 3.11). The pesticides in this group include sulfur and petroleum oil and other
chemicals used as pesticides, such as sulfuric acid, insect repellants (e.g., DEBT), moth control products
(e.g., paradichlorobenzene), and others.1 Nearly all of the sulfur and oil used (85%) is in the agricultural sector,
while the use of the other pesticides in this group is mainly in the agricultural and home and garden sectors
(93%). The increase in the amount used in 2001 resulted mainly from an increase in the use of sulfur and
petroleum oil in the agricultural sector. The amount of sulfur and petroleum oil and of the other pesticides used
in this group in the non-agricultural sectors did not change substantially between 2000 and 2001. Nearly
three-fourths of the total amount of sulfur, oil, and other pesticides used was in the agricultural sector. The
estimated use levels rely on the amount used and changes in the amount used of sulfur, oil, and other pesticides
by sector and type derived from public and proprietary EPA databases.
Table 3.11
Other Pesticides Used in the U.S.
by Pesticide Type and Market Sector, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Year
Sector
Sulfur & Oil
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
Other1
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
Total
Mil Ibs %
of a.i.
2000
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
166 85
14 7
15 8
195 100
60 53
8 7
45 40
113 100
226 73
22 7
60 19
308 100
2001
Agriculture
Ind/Comm/Gov
Home & Garden
Total
172 86
14 7
15 7
201 100
60 53
8 7
46 40
114 100
232 74
22 7
61 19
315 100
Note: Totals may not add due to rounding. Table estimates do not include industrial wood preservatives,
specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites. The abbreviation "a.i." stands for active ingredient.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/
nass), and EPA proprietary data.
See Tables 5.5 to 5.8 for 1982-2001 estimates.
1. "Other" includes sulfuric acid, insect repellents, zinc sulfate, moth control chemicals (e.g., Paradichloro-
benzene and naphthalene), and other miscellaneous chemicals produced largely for non-pesticidal
purposes.
Page 18—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
3. 2000 and 2001 Usage
3.10 Pesticide Amount Used in the U.S.: Specialty Biocides and
Chlorine/Hypochlorites
Tables 3.12 and 3.13 show the total amount of specialty biocides and chlorine/hypochlorites by end-use
market in the U.S. in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Specialty biocides include water treatment chemicals,
disinfectants and sanitizers, and products for other uses, such as in adhesives and sealants, leather, etc. More
than two-thirds of the total amount of specialty biocides comprised water treatment chemicals. Chlorine/
hypochlorites serve as water disinfectants, with 60% of their amount used in potable and waste water and 40% in
recreational water. The estimates of the amount used rely on EPA proprietary databases and industry
projections.
Table 3.12
Specialty Biocides Used in the U.S.
by End Use Market, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Year
End Use
Total
Mil Ibs %
2000
Recreational and Industrial
Water Treatment1
Disinfectants and Sanitizers2
Other Specialty Biocides3
Total
237 67
64 18
52 15
353 100
2001
Recreational and Industrial
Water Treatment1
Disinfectants and Sanitizers2
Other Specialty Biocides3
Total
244 67
65 18
54 15
363 100
Source: EPA estimates based on EPA proprietary data.
1. "Recreational and Industrial Water Treatment" does not include
hypochlorite or chlorine consumption, which is reported separately
in Table 3.13.
2. "Disinfectants and Sanitizers" includes industrial/institutional
applications and household cleaning products. Specialty biocides
only. Does not include hypochlorite or chlorine consumption, which
is reported separately.
3. "Other Specialty Biocides" includes biocides for adhesives and
sealants, leather, synthetic latex polymers, metalworking fluids,
paints and coatings, petroleum products, plastics, and mineral
slurries.
Table 3.13
Chlorine/Hypochlorites Used in the U.S.
by End Use Market, 2000 and 2001 Estimates
Year
End Use
Total
Mil Ibs
%
2000
Disinfectant of Potable and
Waste Water
Disinfectant for Recrea-
tional Water
Total
1,520
1,012
2,532
60
40
100
2001
Disinfectant of Potable and
Waste Water
Disinfectant for Recrea-
tional Water
Total
1,566
1,043
2,609
60
40
100
Note: The estimated amount has not changed from 1998/1999
due to a lack of available data.
Source: EPA estimates based on EPA proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 19
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
4. Producers and Users
4. Producers and Users
4.1 Pesticide Producers and Users
Table 4.1 lists estimates of the number of firms that are pesticide producers, formulators, and distribu-
tors. Table 4.2 lists estimates of farm land, acres harvested, and the number of farms using pesticides and
fertilizers. Table 4.3 lists estimates of the number of pest control firms and certified pesticide applicators.
Table 4.4 lists estimates of the number of households using pesticides.
Table 4.1
Number of U.S. Pesticide Producers,
Formulators, and Distributors
Table 4.3
Number of Commercial Pest Control Firms
and Number of Certified Applicators
Major Pesticide Producers
Other Pesticide Producers
Major Pesticide Formulators
Other Pesticide Formulators
Major Distributors and
Establishments
Other Distributors and
Establishments
18
100
150 - 200
2,000
250-350
16,900
Commercial Pest Control Firms
Private1 Certified Applicators
Commercial2 Certified Applicators
33,100
693,181
421,730
Source: Estimates based on 1992 EPA National Home and Garden
Pesticide Use Survey and 2001 EPA estimates of the number of certi-
fied private and commercial pesticide applicators.
1. Private certified applicators refers primarily to individual farmers.
2. Commercial certified applicators refers to professional
pesticide applicators.
Source: EPA estimates based on EPA proprietary data.
Table 4.2
Land in Farms, Land Harvested, Number
of Farms, and Farms Using Pesticides
Table 4.4
Number of U.S. Households Using Pesticides
Land in Farms (acres)
Land Harvested (acres)
Total Number of Farms
Total Number of Farms with Cropland
Total Number of Farms with Harvested
Cropland
Number of Farms Using Chemicals for:
Insects on Crops/Hay
Nematodes
Diseases on Crops/Orchards
Weed/Grass/Brush
Defoliation/Fruit Thinning
Any or all of the above
Any or all of the above plus fertilizer
94 1M
311M
2.156M
1.661M
1.411M
366,000
43,000
112,000
685,000
51,000
941,000
1,325,000
Pesticide Type
Insecticides
Fungicides
Herbicides
Repellents
Disinfectants
Any Pesticides
U.S. Households
59 Million
14 Million
41 Million
53 Million
59 Million
78 Million
Note: In 2000 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the U.S.
population to be 281.4 million with
105.5 million households.
Source: EPA estimates based on 1992 EPA National Home and
Garden Survey and 2000 U.S. Census Bureau population esti-
mates (http : //quickfacts .census . gov/
qfd/states/).
Source: 1997 USDA Census of Agriculture (http://www.nass/
usda.gov/Census), 2003 USDA Agricultural Statistics (http://
www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/agstats/htm). M = million
Page 20—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 5. Historical Data
5. Historical Data
5.1 Annual Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S.: 1982 - 2001
Tables 5.1 through 5.4 and corresponding figures summarize annual user expenditures on pesticides
since 1982. Table 5.1 summarizes user expenditures on pesticides in all markets combined, while Tables 5.2, 5.3
and 5.4 and corresponding figures summarize user expenditures in the agricultural, industry/commercial/
government, and home and garden markets, respectively. In each market, user expenditures on pesticides have
increased in total and by type since 1982, although the total amount fluctuated from year to year.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 21
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.1
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
All Market Sectors
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
3,772
3,870
4,488
3,920
3,858
3,973
4,121
4,305
4,473
4,682
Insecticides
2,014
2,074
1,809
1,823
1,759
2,008
1,964
1,978
2,083
2,139
Fungicides
and Other
540
731
708
963
967
1,049
1,190
1,141
1,171
1,223
Total
6,326
6,675
7,005
6,706
6,584
7,030
7,275
7,424
7,727
8,044
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
5,004
5,094
5,944
6,276
6,599
6,846
6,853
6,368
6,365
6,410
Insecticides
2,198
2,479
2,722
3,017
2,849
2,957
2,872
3,046
3,129
3,124
Fungicides
and Other
1,183
1,259
1,408
1,488
1,521
1,528
1,691
1,741
1,671
1,556
Total
8,385
8,832
10,074
10,781
10,969
11,331
11,416
11,155
11,165
11,090
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys and EPA proprietary data.
Figure 5.1
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
All Market Sectors
12,000
10,000
3,000 -
Q 6,000 -
•s
5«
a
•J 4,000 -
1
2,000 -
Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides and Others
V V
ojt> o9 oP
vO c\t> rM
Year
Page 22—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.2
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Agricultural Market Sector
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
2,465
2,800
3,390
2,900
2,775
2,935
3,080
3,255
3,463
3,644
Insecticides
1,109
1,261
903
990
914
1,145
1,010
978
1,067
687
Fungicides
and Other
268
450
418
615
600
650
775
800
842
884
Total
3,842
4,511
4,711
4,505
4,289
4,730
4,865
5,033
5,372
5,215
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
3,915
3,987
4,808
5,112
5,399
5,610
5,632
5,012
5,007
4,987
Insecticides
1,058
1,123
1,293
1,607
1,480
1,551
1,427
1,370
1,411
1,326
Fungicides
and Other
829
895
1,036
1,107
1,128
1,124
1,209
1,243
1,194
1,091
Total
5,802
6,005
7,137
7,826
8,007
8,285
8,268
7,625
7,612
7,404
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys and EPA proprietary data.
Figure 5.2
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Agricultural Market Sector
P
e
o
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000 -
2,000 -
1,000 -
0
Herbicides
Insecticides
n> qb nfa cA q% q°l
cv^ cv^ cv^ cw cw cv^
Fungicides and Others
oio c<\
Year
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 23
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.3
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
852
720
720
600
642
576
600
630
593
616
Insecticides
305
288
365
315
316
330
394
317
307
328
Fungicides
and Other
142
144
150
180
192
210
240
180
169
176
Total
1,299
1,152
1,235
1,095
1,150
1,116
1,234
1,127
1,069
1,120
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
648
660
679
700
721
743
728
794
762
792
Insecticides
378
406
533
527
458
386
425
463
468
510
Fungicides
and Other
186
191
197
202
208
214
292
289
255
233
Total
1,212
1,257
1,409
1,429
1,387
1,343
1,445
1,546
1,485
1,535
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys and EPA proprietary data.
Figure 5.3
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
1,800
1,600
07
\' \' \' \' \'
\^
VVVVVVVVVV'V
Year
Page 24—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.4
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Home and Garden Market Sector
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
445
350
378
420
441
462
441
420
417
423
Insecticides
600
525
542
518
529
534
601
683
710
724
Fungicides
and Other
130
137
140
168
175
189
175
161
160
162
Total
1,175
1,012
1,060
1,106
1,145
1,185
1,217
1,264
1,287
1,309
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Expenditure (Millions of Dollars)
Herbicides/
PGR
441
446
456
465
479
493
493
562
596
631
Insecticides
762
870
895
883
910
1,020
1,020
1,213
1,250
1,288
Fungicides
and Other
168
174
175
179
185
190
190
209
222
232
Total
1,371
1,490
1,526
1,527
1,574
1,703
1,703
1,984
2,068
2,151
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys and EPA proprietary data.
Figure 5.4
Annual User Expenditures on Pesticides in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Home and Garden Market Sector
2,500
2,000
| 1500
"3
P
g 1,000
o
Year
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 25
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 5. Historical Data
5.2 Annual Amount of Pesticides Used in the U.S.: 1982 - 2001
Tables 5.5 through 5.8 and corresponding figures summarize annual pounds of pesticides used since
1982. Table 5.5 summarizes the amount of pesticides used in all markets combined, while Tables 5.6, 5.7 and
5.8 and corresponding figures summarize the amount of pesticides used in the agricultural, industry/commercial/
government, and home and garden markets, respectively. In each market, except home and garden, the amount
of pesticides used has decreased in total since 1982, although the total amount fluctuated from year to year.
Page 26—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.5
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
All Market Sectors
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
620
573
634
611
590
532
557
567
564
546
Insecti-
cides
198
185
173
161
151
141
132
123
121
114
Fungi-
cides
117
115
109
110
109
100
99
98
91
86
Other
Conv1
149
148
145
138
138
133
137
154
173
182
Other2
298
287
284
284
278
269
266
251
252
226
Total
1,382
1,308
1,345
1,304
1,266
1,175
1,191
1,193
1,201
1,154
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
554
527
583
556
578
568
555
534
542
553
Insecti-
cides
116
115
124
125
116
112
103
126
122
105
Fungi-
cides
81
80
79
77
79
81
86
79
74
73
Other
Conv1
189
192
199
203
222
197
168
173
188
157
Other2
246
248
244
249
234
270
294
332
308
315
Total
1,186
1,162
1,229
1,210
1,229
1,228
1,206
1,244
1,234
1,203
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass), and EPA proprietary data.
1. Other conventional pesticides include nematicides, fumigants, and other conventional pesticides.
2. "Other" includes sulfur, petroleum, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents).
Figure 5.5
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
All Market Sectors
1,600 -,
Year
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 27
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.6
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Agricultural Market Sector
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
503
455
516
501
481
425
450
460
455
440
Insecti-
cides
141
131
122
113
105
98
91
85
82
77
Fungi-
cides
59
59
56
59
59
52
54
54
50
47
Other
Conv1
101
100
100
94
94
91
95
113
133
144
Other2
207
196
194
194
188
180
177
161
164
140
Total
1011
941
988
961
927
846
867
873
884
848
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
450
425
485
461
481
470
465
428
432
433
Insecti-
cides
78
72
80
85
81
79
69
93
90
73
Fungi-
cides
45
47
48
49
51
53
54
45
44
42
Other
Conv1
150
154
163
170
190
165
136
140
156
127
Other2
161
166
163
168
152
188
212
250
226
232
Total
884
864
939
933
955
955
936
956
948
907
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass), and EPA proprietary data.
1. Other conventional pesticides include nematicides, fumigants, and other conventional pesticides.
2. "Other" includes sulfur, petroleum, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents).
Figure 5.6
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Agricultural Market Sector
1,200
Year
Page 28—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.7
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
80
80
78
70
68
65
64
63
63
60
Insecti-
cides
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
27
27
26
Fungi-
cides
41
40
38
37
36
34
32
31
31
30
Other
Conv1
45
45
41
41
41
39
39
38
38
37
Other2
24
24
24
23
23
22
22
22
22
21
Total
223
221
212
201
197
188
184
181
181
174
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
58
56
52
48
49
49
41
52
48
49
Insecti-
cides
27
30
30
28
24
20
21
19
17
15
Fungi-
cides
28
25
23
20
20
20
24
24
19
19
Other
Conv1
36
36
34
31
30
30
30
31
30
28
Other2
21
20
20
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
Total
170
167
159
149
145
141
138
148
136
133
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass), and EPA proprietary data.
1. Other conventional pesticides include nematicides, fumigants, and other conventional pesticides.
2. "Other" includes sulfur, petroleum, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents).
Figure 5.7
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Industry/Commercial/Government Market Sector
250
200 -
150 -
•o
a
o
PH
a
o
Year
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 29
-------
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.8
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Home and Garden Market Sector
Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
37
38
40
40
41
42
43
44
46
46
Insecti-
cides
24
22
20
18
16
14
13
12
12
12
Fungi-
cides
17
16
15
14
14
14
13
13
10
9
Other
Conv1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
Other2
67
67
67
67
67
67
67
68
66
65
Total
148
146
145
142
141
140
139
139
136
134
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Million Pounds of Active Ingredient
Herbi-
cides/
PGR
46
46
46
47
48
49
49
54
62
71
Insecti-
cides
12
13
13
12
12
13
13
14
15
17
Fungi-
cides
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
11
12
Other
Conv1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Other2
64
62
61
59
60
60
60
60
60
61
Total
132
131
130
128
130
132
132
140
150
163
Note: Excludes wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass), and EPA proprietary data.
1. Other conventional pesticides include nematicides, fumigants, and other conventional pesticides.
2. "Other" includes sulfur, petroleum, and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellents).
Figure 5.8
Annual Amount of Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S. by Pesticide Type, 1982 - 2001 Estimates
Home and Garden Market Sector
180
160
•o
a
I
a
o
Year
Page 30—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
5. Historical Data
Table 5.9
Conventional Pesticide Active Ingredient Used in the U.S.
Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Market Sector Shares, 1964 - 2001
Year
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Total U.S.
Million Pounds of
Active Ingredient
617
658
682
712
742
763
760
793
843
882
964
1013
1041
1084
1106
1144
1121
1118
1084
1021
1061
1020
988
906
925
942
949
928
940
914
984
961
996
958
912
912
926
888
Agricultural Sector
Million Pounds of % of total
Active Ingredient U.S.
366 59
396 60
414 61
429 60
457 62
491 64
499 66
528 67
575 68
607 69
688 71
729 72
753 72
794 73
813 74
843 74
826 74
831 74
804 74
745 73
794 75
767 75
739 75
666 74
690 75
712 76
720 76
708 76
723 77
698 76
776 79
765 80
803 81
767 80
724 79
706 77
722 78
675 76
Non- Agricultural Sector
Million Pounds of
Active Ingredient
251
262
268
283
285
272
261
265
268
275
276
284
288
290
293
301
295
287
280
276
267
253
249
240
235
230
229
220
217
216
208
196
193
191
188
206
204
213
Note: Conventional pesticides only, excluding sulfur, petroleum oil and other chemicals used as pesticides (e.g., sulfuric acid and insect repellants),
wood preservatives, specialty biocides, and chlorine/hypochlorites.
Source: EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, USDA/NASS (http://www.usda.gov/nass), and EPA proprietary data.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 31
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 6. Glossary
6. Glossary
ACTIVE INGREDIENT (A.I.): The chemical or substance component of a pesticide product intended to kill, re-
pel, attract, mitigate, or control a pest, or that acts as a plant growth regulator, desiccant, or nitrogen stabilizer.
The remainder of a formulated pesticide product consists of one or more "inert ingredients" (e.g., water, solvents,
emulsifiers, surfactants, clay, and propellants), which are there for reasons other than pesticidal activity.
AGRICULTURAL USER SECTOR (OR MARKET): Pesticides applied by owner/operators and custom/
commercial applicators to farms and facilities involved in the production of raw agricultural commodities, princi-
pally food, fiber, and tobacco; includes non-crop and post-harvest use as well as crop and field applications.
CERTIFIED APPLICATOR: A person who is authorized to apply "restricted-use" pesticides as a result of meeting
requirements for certification under FIFRA-mandated programs. Applicator certification programs are conducted
by states, territories, and tribes in accordance with national standards set by EPA. "Restricted-use pesticides" may
be used only by or under the direct supervision of specially trained and certified applicators.
COMMERCIAL APPLICATOR: A person applying pesticides as part of a business, applying pesticides for hire,
or a person applying pesticides as part of his or her job with another (not for hire) type of business, organization,
or agency. Commercial applicators often are certified, but need to be so only if they use restricted-use pesticides.
CROPLIFE AMERICA: Formerly the American Crop Protection Association (ACPA), which publishes an annual
pesticide industry profile (ACPA Industry Profile). The profile is a survey of pesticide sales provided by partici-
pating ACPA members.
CONVENTIONAL PESTICIDES: Pesticides that are chemicals or other substances developed and produced pri-
marily or only for use as pesticides. An example is DDT, which was developed and used almost exclusively as a
pesticide. Also includes biological and biochemical pesticides, e.g., Bacillus thuringiensis.
ECONOMIC USER SECTORS (OR MARKETS): In this report, estimates of quantities used and user expendi-
tures for pesticides are broken out separately for the three general economic user sectors (or markets) as follows:
agriculture, industrial/commercial/governmental, and home & garden. These three sectors/markets are defined
elsewhere in this glossary.
FDA: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is
involved in regulation of pesticides in the U.S., particularly enforcement of tolerances in food and feed
products.
FFDCA: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the law that controls pesticide residues in food and feed.
FIFRA: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the law that generally controls pesticide sale
and use.
FQPA: The Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996 amended the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Roden-
ticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).
HOME AND GARDEN USER SECTOR (OR MARKET): Involves pesticides applied by homeowners to homes
and gardens, including lawns and single- and multiple-unit housing. Does not include pesticides for home & gar-
den applications by professional applicators.
INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/GOVERNMENTAL USER SECTOR (OR MARKET): Involves pesticides ap-
plied by professional applicators (by owner/operators/employees and custom/commercial applicators) to industrial,
commercial, and governmental facilities, buildings, sites, and land; plus custom/commercial applications to homes
and gardens, including lawns. May also be referred to as "professional market" for pesticides.
NON-AGRICULTURAL SECTORS: General term referring to a combination of home & garden and industrial/
commercial/governmental sectors.
Page 32—2000 and 2001 Market Estimates
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 6. Glossary
OTHER PESTICIDES: Chemicals registered as pesticides but that are produced and marketed mostly for other
purposes, i.e., multi-use chemicals. Notable examples are sulfur, petroleum products (e.g., kerosene, oils, and
distillates), salt, and sulfuric acid.
PESTICIDE: May be used to refer to an active ingredient (as defined above) or formulated pesticide product
registered under FIFRA.
PESTICIDE USER EXPENDITURES: Dollar value of purchases by persons or businesses applying pesticides,
such as farmers, commercial pesticide applicators, and homeowners. Reported numbers are nominal values for
the years indicated (i.e., not adjusted or indexed for inflation).
PESTICIDE USAGE: Refers to actual applications of pesticides, generally in terms of quantity applied or units
treated.
PRIVATE APPLICATOR: A category of applicator certification for farmers and/or employees, such that they
can legally apply restricted-use pesticides or supervise others doing so who are not certified.
PRODUCER LEVEL: Refers to pesticide manufactures of registrants.
PROFESSIONAL MARKET: Sales of pesticides for application to industrial/commercial/governmental sector
and to homes and gardens, by certified/commercial applicators.
PROPRIETARY DATA: Pesticide industry market research data that EPA purchases from private data research
companies. These data are for EPA use only and cannot be divulged without vendor consent. Companies
include Doane Marketing Research, Inc.; Kline and Company, Inc.; SRI, Inc.; Wood Mackenzie; and Mike
Bukley, Inc.
SAFER PESTICIDES: Pesticides designated as "safer" (or "reduced risk") by EPA exhibit favorable
characteristics affecting health or environmental risks, resistance management, and integrated pest management.
Reduced-risk pesticides may be conventional pesticides posing less risk, or biopesticides with unique modes of
action, low use volume, lower toxicity, target species specificity, or natural occurrence.
SPECIALTY BIOCIDES: This report provides estimates for end uses as follows: swimming pools, spas, and
industrial water treatment (excluding chlorine/hypochlorites, which are reported separately); disinfectants and
sanitizers (including industrial/institutional applications and household cleaning products); and other specialty
biocides (including biocides for adhesives and sealants, leather, synthetic latex polymers, metal-working fluids,
paints and coatings, petroleum products, plastics, and textiles). These categories of end use are covered by
FIFRA. Other end uses of specialty biocides (e.g., hospital/medical antiseptics, food/feed preservatives,
cosmetics/toiletries) are regulated by the FDA under FFDCA and are not covered in this report.
TOLERANCE: The maximum amount of a pesticide allowable in a food or feed product before it is considered
adulterated, usually specified in parts per million.
USDA/FATUS: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Trade of U.S. Publicly available data
on U.S. agricultural imports and exports (http://www.ers.usda.gov/db/fatus).
USDA NASS: The U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Publicly available
data on U.S. agricultural pesticide use (http://www.uda.gov/nass/).
USER LEVEL: Refers to pesticide users (i.e., growers, farmers, home owners, and professional pesticide
Applicators).
WOOD PRESERVATIVES: Pesticide active ingredients used in treatment of wood to protect it from insects,
fungi, and other pests. This report presents total use of wood preservative chemicals in industrial plants, the bulk
of which is for pressure treatment. The major categories of pesticide chemicals included in this report as
industrial wood preservatives are water-borne preservatives (mainly chromated copper arsenic), oil-borne
preservatives (e.g., copper naphthenate and pentachlorophenol), creosote, creosote-coal tar, and creosote
petroleum.
Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage Report—Page 33
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United States Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances (7503C)
EPA-733-R-04-001
vwwv.epa.gov/pesticides
May 2004
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