United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5102G)
542F05002
www.epa.gov/tio
www.cluin.org
Measurement and Monitoring
Technologies for the 21st Century
Through the Measurement and Monitoring Technologies
for the 2ist Century (2iM2) initiative, EPA's Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) is encouraging
the deployment of promising measurement and
monitoring technologies. The initiative identifies
technology needs, sponsors research and demonstration of
new technologies, and maintains a searchable, regularly
updated database of citations and abstracts relevant to
recent work in the identified needs areas.
NEEDS AREAS/FIELD PROJECTS.
Each year the 21M2 project solicits
suggestions from regional and headquarters
waste programs for new technologies or test methods that they would like to develop or deploy. The submitted
suggestions have identified "needs areas" for characterization or monitoring problems that lack a satisfactory technical
solution. Eighteen topics in 10 needs areas (see chart on page 2) have been recognized that reflect evolving requirements
across all waste programs. To date, 21M2 has sponsored 19 projects. Completed project results are described in the
following reports, available at http://www.clu-in.org/programs/2lm2/proiects/
Field Test of an Ultraviolet Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometer for Remote Air Toxics Sensing
Perchlorate Screening Study: Low Concentration Method for the Determination of Perchlorate in Aqueous
Samples Using Ion Selective Electrodes
Measurement of Fugitive Emissions at a Region I Landfill
Guidance on the Use of Passive-Vapor-Diffusion Samplers to Detect Volatile Organic Compounds in
Ground-Water-Discharge Areas, and Example Applications in New England
In addition to hosting information on sponsored projects and the status of technology demonstrations and methods
development, the website also contains other useful tools:
Literature Citation Database. The 21M2 project gathers intelligence on a quarterly basis from commercially
published material and the gray literature to identify new information relevant to the needs areas. Citations and abstracts
found in these quarterly updates are maintained in a searchable database. Over 3,000 references are available, including
199 articles about techniques for locating or monitoring light or dense NAPLs and 859 articles on sensors.
Specialized Literature Searches. Literature searches are conducted periodically on topics of particular interest, such
as nanosensors. The collected citations and abstracts are posted on the website in a PDF file and also are merged into
the main citation database. Special searches have been performed on a variety of topics:
Nanotubes, Nanopores, Nanoclusters and Other Foundations for Nanosensors,
Geophysical Methods for Locating and/or Monitoring DNAPLs,
Open-Path Monitoring Techniques,
Landfill and Containment Leak Detection in the Vadose Zone,
Perchlorate Analysis
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Characterization and Monitoring Technology Focus Areas. This section highlights detailed background
information on selected technologies that can be used for monitoring and measurement efforts in the needs areas. These
background papers contain a description of how a technology works, what it has been and can be used for, and an
extensive bibliography. The technology descriptions also list briefcase studies to demonstrate both proven and emerging
uses. Technology descriptions have been developed for sampling equipment for obtaining sediment and pore water
samples, and for open path monitoring systems that use UV-DOAS, OP-FTIR, LIDAR, Raman spectroscopy, and
tunable diode lasers.
The table below identifies the needs areas and specific topics of interest within them that fall within the focus of the
21M2 Initiative.
Needs Areas
Air Emissions Monitoring
Mining Sites Characterizing and Monitoring
Contaminated Sediment Characterization
Field Screening and/or Analytical Methods
Indoor Air Quality
In Situ Monitoring Systems
Laboratory Analytical Methods
In Situ Remedies Performance Evaluation
Non-Invasive Subsurface Chemical Detection
Underground Storage Tanks
Specific Topics
Continuous emissions monitors for thermal hazardous waste
treatment systems
• Remote sensing for fence-line monitoring for fugitive emissions
Monitoring technologies for mine waste sites
Sampling and analytical technologies for potentially contaminated
sediment
• Dioxin
MTBE in soil and groundwater
Perchlorate, particularly in water samples
• Pesticides and their degradation products
Monitoring vapor intrusion into buildings
Sensor technologies for long-term groundwater monitoring
In situ sensors for monitoring groundwater contamination and/or
treatment system performance
Leak detection technologies for small municipal landfills
New methods for determining total cyanides and cyanide speciation
In situ remediation systems and natural attenuation monitoring
Technologies for locating and monitoring DNAPL contamination
Non-invasive monitoring technologies for mercury and heavy
metals in soils
Internal inspection methods for internally lined underground
storage tanks (USTs)
• Leak detection methods for USTs and pipes
Additional Information
More information on the 21M2 program is available from several sources:
• 21M2 Program, http://cli4in.org/programs/21m2/or
• Michael Adam, U.S. EPA, 703-603-9915, adam.michael@epa.gov
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