xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
For additional information
on the Stage 1 DBPR
Call the Safe Drinking Water
Hotline at 1 -800-426-4791; visit
the EPA web site at
www.epa.gov/safewater; or
contact your State drinking
water representative.
Additional material is available
at www.epa.gov/safewater/
mdbp/implement.html.
816F02021
Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfec-
tion Byproducts Rule: Laboratory
Quick Reference Guide
Overview of the Rule
Title
Purpose
General
Description
Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR)
63 FR 69390 - 69476, December 16, 1998, Vol. 63, No. 241
Revisions to the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (IESWTR), the Stage 1
Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (Stage 1 DBPR), and Revisions to State Primacy
Requirements to Implement the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments
66 FR 3770, January 16, 2001, Vol. 66, No. 29
Improve public health protection by reducing exposure to disinfection byproducts. Some
disinfectants and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have been shown to cause cancer and
reproductive effects in lab animals and are suspected to cause bladder cancer and reproductive
effects in humans.
The Stage 1 DBPR is the first of a staged set of rules that will reduce the allowable levels of
DBPs in drinking water. The new rule establishes seven new standards and a treatment
technique of enhanced coagulation or enhanced softening to further reduce DBP exposure. The
rule is designed to limit capital investments and avoid major shifts in disinfection technologies
until additional information is available on the occurrence and health effects of DBPs.
Critical Deadlines and Requirements
January 1,2002
January 1,2004
Surface water systems and ground water systems under the direct influence of
surface water (GWUDI) serving > 10,000 people must comply with the Stage 1
DBPR requirements.
Surface water systems and GWUDI serving < 10,000, and all ground water systems
must comply with the Stage 1 DBPR requirements.
TTHM/HAA5
Bromatet
Chlorite
Chlorine/Chloramines
Chlorine dioxide
DBP precursors
(TOC/Alkalinty/SUVA)
Surface and GWUDI serving > 10,000
Surface and GWUDI serving 500 - 9,999
Surface and GWUDI serving < 500
Ground water serving > 10,000
Ground water serving < 10,000
Ozone plants
Chlorine dioxide plants
All systems
Chlorine dioxide plants
Conventional filtration systems
4/plant/quarter
1 /plant/quarter
1 /plant/year in month of warmest water
temperature*
1 /plant/quarter
1/plant/year in month of warmest water
temperature*
Monthly at entrance to distribution system
Daily at entrance to distribution system;
monthly in distribution system
Same location and frequency as Total
Coliform Rule sampling
Daily at entrance to distribution system
Monthly for total organic carbon and
alkalinity or the SUVA alternative
if an MCL is exceeded.
optional Bromide monitoring - See Stage 1
' System must increase monitoring to 1 sample per plant per quarter
T Reduced Bromate monitoring may be available based on results of
DBPR.
Laboratory Considerations
Obtain certification (or state approval) to perform new analyses.
Become familiar with new monitoring requirements.
Prepare for increased number of samples (e.g., storage, supplies, staff).
Schedule to accommodate large number of samples, holding times, and demands on instrumentation.
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TTHM*
(Sum of:
chloroform
bromodichloromethane
dibromochloromethane
bromoform)
EPA 502.2
0.080
EPA 524.2
Sodium thiosultate (immediately acidify to pH<2 with HCI, if VOCs are
included In analysis), OR ascorbic acid and immediate acidification to pH<2
with HCI. Samples must be dechlorlnated prior to acidification.
14 days at 4«C
40-120 mL glass
w/Teflon-lined septum
EPA 551.1
Sodium sulfite or ammonium chloride with a phosphate buffer (pH = 4.5 -
5.5).
14 days at 4BC/14 days
at <-10*C
60 mL glass vial
w/Teflon-llned septum
HAAS*
(Sum of:
monochloroacetic acid
dichloroacetic acid
trlchloroacetic acid
monobromoacetic acid
dibromoacetic acid)
EPA 552.1
Ammonium chloride
28 days at 49C away
from light/48 hours
>100 mL amber glass
w/Teflon-lined septum
0.060
EPA 552.2
Ammonium chloride
14 days at 4BCaway
from light/7 days at 49C
or 14 days at <-1 (PC
>50 mL amber glass
w/Teflon-lined septum
SM6251B
Ammonium chloride
9 days at 4fiC/21 days at
-11eC
40 - 60 mL glass vial
w/Teflon-lined septum
Bromate *
0.010
EPA 300.1
Ethylenediamine
28 days
> 30 mL plastic or glass
Bromide +
EPA 300.0
EPA 300.1
Ethylenediamine
28 days
> 30 mL plastic or glass
Chlorite +
(Daily at entrance to
distribution system)
SM 4500-CIO, E
None
Immediately
>500 mL plastic or glass
1.0
EPA 300.0
EPA 300.1
Ethylenediamine
14 days at 4°C protected
from light
> 30 mL opaque plastic
or glass
Chlorite *
(Monthly in distribution
system)
1.0
EPA 300.0
EPA 300.1
Ethylenediamine
14 days at 4SC protected
from light
> 30 mL opaque plastic
or glass
Free-4500-CI D, F, G, H
Chlorine
4.0 as CL
Combined - 4500-CI D, F, G
None
Immediately
> 500 mL plastic or glass
Total - 4500-CI D, E, F, G, I
Chi ora mines +
4.0 as CL
4500-CI D, E, F, G, I
None
Immediately
> 500 mL plastic or glass
Chlorine Dioxide +
0.8 as CIO,
4500-CIO, D, E
None
Immediately
> 500 mL plastic or glass
EPA 150.1, 150.2, 4500 H+B,
or ASTM D1293-95
None
Immediately
> 500 mL plastic or glass
DBP Precursors +
(TOC/Alkalinity/SUVA)
Treatment Technique:
Enhanced coagulation/
enhanced softening to
improve removal of DBP
precursors for suface
water systems using
conventional filtration
treatment or lime
softening.
SM 5310 B, C and D for TOC
or DOC portion of SUVA
Acidify TOC samples to pH < 2.
Filter DOC sample through 0.45 urn pore diameter filter as soon as possible
after collection (< 48 hours) and then acidify same as TOC.
28 days stored at 4%
and protected from light
>100 mL amber glass
w/Teflon-lined septum
SM 5910 B for UVaM portion of
SUVA
Filter through 0.45 urn pore diameter filter as soon as possible after
collection (< 48 hours).
< 48 hours stored at 49C
and protected from light
> 100 mL amber glass
w/Teflon-lined septum
ASTM D1067-92B or SM 2320
B or 1-1030-85 for alkalinity
None
14 days stored at 4eC
and protected from light
> 200 mL plastic or glass
1 - Note the sample volumes specified in this table are estimates. The actual sample container volumes should be specified by the laboratory(s) performing the analyses.
+ - Indicates the analysis must be performed by a party approved by the state.
* - Indicates the laboratory must be certified to analyze the sample.
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