RCRA
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
vvEPA
United States Solid Waste and
Environmental Protection Emergency Response
Agency (5305W)
EPA-530-K-04-005
September 2004
www.epa.gov/osw
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FOR MORE INFORMATION VISIT THE
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY COMPLIANCE
ASSISTANCE CENTER (CICA) AT
OR CONTACT YOUR STATE
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ฎ Recycled/Recyclable - Printed with vegetable oil based Inks on 100% (minimum 50% postconsumer) recycled paper.
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CONTENTS
Foreword 2
C&D Debris 3
Frequently Asked Questions about RCRA 4
Special Issues in C&D Debris 7
Hazardous Waste Requirements Checklist 10
The Life Cycle of a Typical Renovation/Construction Waste 12
Reduce the Amount of Waste You Generate 14
Other Environmental Laws Affecting the Construction Industry 17
Contacts and Resources 19
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FOREWORD
If you are involved with building construction, demolition, or renovation, your company creates
construction and demolition (C&D) debris. These materials can consist of three types of waste:
(1) Inert or nonhazardous waste; (2) hazardous waste as regulated by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA); and (3) items
that contain hazardous components that might be regulated by some states.
Most C&D debris is nonhazardous and is not regulated by EPA. Under RCRA, however, if you
generate hazardous waste you are required to follow certain procedures when generating, storing,
transporting, or disposing of it. In addition, many states have specific definitions of C&D debris that
effectively determine what materials are allowed to be disposed of in nonhazardous waste landfills,
C&D landfills, or incinerators. Even if federal or state regulations do not apply to your business, you
should make efforts to keep the hazardous components of the wastes you generate out of landfills to
conserve natural resources and protect human health and the environment. Follow the suggestions
outlined in this issue for ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle your waste.
RCRA IN FOCUS
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C&D DEBRIS
C&D debris is one type of solid waste. It is
a large and varied waste stream that includes
concrete, asphalt, wood, gypsum, and asphalt
shingles generated from the construction,
renovation, and demolition of buildings,
roads, bridges, and dams. Total C&D waste
was estimated to be 325 million tons in 2003.
C&D debris is not federally regulated, except
to the extent that solid waste landfills must fol-
low a few basic standards outlined in the Federal
Register at 40 CFR Part 257. States, therefore,
have the primary role in defining and regulating
the management of C&D debris.
Depending on your state's specific definition,
C&D debris can include the following discarded
materials:
Concrete, cinder blocks, drywall (sheetrock,
gypsum, or plaster), masonry, asphalt and
wood shingles, slate, and plaster.
Forming and framing lumber, plywood,
wood laminates, wood scraps, and pallets.
Steel, stainless steel, pipes, rebar, flashing,
aluminum, copper, and brass, residential and
commercial steel framing, structural steel,
steel utility poles.
Brick and decorative blocks.
Siding.
Doors and windows.
Plumbing fixtures.
Electrical wiring.
Non-asbestos insulation.
Wood, sawdust, brush, trees, stumps, earth,
fill, and rock and granular materials.
Many states exclude certain materials from
the legal definition of C&D debris, using terms
such as "hazardous," "unacceptable," "potential-
ly toxic," or "illegal". These wastes might or
might not meet the federal definition of haz-
ardous waste (see page 5). Those that do meet
the legal definition of hazardous waste are
required to be treated and/or disposed of in a
manner consistent with the federal or state
requirements for hazardous waste. Examples of
these wastes can include:
Waste paints, varnish, solvents, sealers, thin-
ners, resins, roofing cement, adhesives,
machinery lubricants, and caulk.
Drums and containers that once contained
the items listed above.
Treated wood, including lumber, posts, ties,
or decks, and utility poles.
Asbestos-containing items, such as certain
older types of floor tile, insulation, or other
materials containing asbestos. (Regulated by
the Toxic Substances Control Act [TSCA-see
page 18])
Lead-based paint, or lead flashing or solder.
Products containing mercury.
Other items that have inseparable hazardous
constituents.
C&D LANDFILLS
A large fraction of
C&D debris gener-
ated in the United States
ends up in C&D landfills.
(See 40 CFR 257.) Since
much of this waste
stream is inert, states do
not require these landfills
to provide all of the same
environmental protec-
tions as those licensed to
receive municipal solid
waste. Therefore, C&D
landfills generally have
lower tipping fees and
handle a large amount of
the C&D debris generat-
ed in the United States.
Most states regulate C&D
debris, although pro-
grams vary widely. For
example, some states
require liners or leachate
collection systems; a few
require both; and others
require neither. Visit
< www. cicacenter. org >
for more information.
Generators of C&D Debris
Many of those involved in generating C&D debris can save money by reusing, exchanging,
recycling, donating, and otherwise reducing the amount of C&D debris they throw away.
Donations to charitable organizations classified as 501 (c)3 are tax-deductible.
The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) estimates that as much as 8,000 pounds
of C&D debris is produced for every 2,000 square feet of house. A1995 NAHB survey esti-
mated that builders pay an average of $500 per home for waste removal.
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
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STATE
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
REQUIREMENTS
While states have
the primary
responsibility for regulat-
ing nonhazardous C&D
debris, they sometimes
also have primary respon-
sibility for regulating haz-
ardous waste. States can
receive legal permission,
known as authorization,
to implement EPAs
RCRA hazardous waste
program. State hazardous
waste programs are con-
sistent with, and are at
least as stringent as, the
federal hazardous waste
program. Always contact
your state authority to
determine which state
requirements apply to
your business.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
ABOUT RCRA
What Is RCRA?
RCRA is a federal law that encourages envi-
ronmentally sound methods for managing com-
mercial and industrial waste as well as house-
hold and municipal waste. It regulates facilities
that generate, transport, treat, store, or dispose
of hazardous waste.
The term "RCRA" is often used interchange-
ably to refer to the law, the regulations, and EPA
policy and guidance. The law describes the
waste management program mandated by
Congress that gave EPA authority to develop the
RCRA program. EPA regulations carry out the
Congressional intent by providing explicit,
legally enforceable requirements for waste
management. EPA guidance documents and
policy directives clarify issues related to the
implementation of the regulations.
All of the RCRA hazardous waste regulations
can be found in the Code of Federal Regulations
(CFR), Title 40, Parts 260 to 279. The CFR can
be purchased through the U.S. Government
Printing Office (GPO).
Who Is Regulated?
Any business that generates hazardous waste
is potentially subject to RCRA. You must con-
duct tests required by the regulations or use
your knowledge of and familiarity with the
waste you generate to determine whether it is
hazardous waste. You might be subject to sub-
stantial civil and criminal penalties if you fail to
properly or completely identify hazardous waste
generated by your business.
How Are Generators
Regulated?
If your business generates hazardous waste,
you must manage it according to regulations for
your specific generator type. Hazardous waste
generators are divided into three categories,
according to how much they generate in a calen-
dar month:
Large Quantity Generators (LQGs).
LQGs generate greater than or equal to 1,000
kg (approximately 2,200 Ib) of hazardous
waste per month or greater than 1 kg
(approximately 2.2 Ib) of acutely hazardous
waste per month.
Small Quantity Generators (SQGs).
SQGs generate greater than 100 kg
(approximately 220 Ib) but less than 1,000 kg
(approximately 2,200 Ib) of hazardous waste
per month.
Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity
Generators (CESQGs). CESQGs generate
less than or equal to 100 kg (approximately
220 Ib) of hazardous waste per month and
less than or equal to 1 kg (approximately 2.2
Ib) of acutely hazardous waste per month.
Most construction, demolition, and renova-
tion companies are considered CESQGs.
CESQGs must comply with three basic waste
management requirements to remain exempt
from the full hazardous waste regulations that
apply to generators of larger quantities of haz-
ardous waste (SQGs and LQGs).
Some states do not recognize the CESQG
class. Contact your state environmental agency
to find out if the CESQG status is recognized.
To find your appropriate state contact, visit
.
Under the federal RCRA requirements, your
generator status might change from one month
to the next as the quantity of waste you generate
changes. State requirements vary widely. You
must comply with whichever standard is applic-
able for a given month. In many cases, small
businesses that fall into different generator cate-
gories at different times choose to always satisfy
the more stringent requirements (usually state
requirements) to simplify compliance.
Generators must "count" the amount of waste
generated, which involves adding up the total
weight of all quantities of characteristic and list-
ed waste generated at a particular facility. Certain
wastes, such as those that are reclaimed or recy-
cled continuously on site, may not be counted
for the monthly total calculation under the fed-
eral regulations.
RCRA IN FOCUS
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What Is Hazardous Waste?
To be considered hazardous waste, a material first must be
classified as a solid waste. EPA defines solid waste as garbage,
refuse, sludge, or other discarded material (including solids,
semisolids, liquids, and contained gaseous materials). If your
waste is considered solid waste, you must then determine if it
is hazardous waste. Wastes are defined as hazardous by EPA if
they are specifically named on one of four lists of hazardous
wastes (listed wastes) or if they exhibit one of four character-
istics (characteristic wastes). Each type of RCRA hazardous
waste is given a unique hazardous waste code using the letters
D, F, K, P, or U and three digits (e.g., D001, F005, P039). See
page 6 for additional information on relevant C&D waste
codes.
Listed Wastes. Wastes are listed as hazardous because they
are known to be harmful to human health and the
environment when not managed properly, regardless of their
concentrations. The lists include the following three types of
waste:
Non-Specific Source Wastes. These are material-
specific wastes, such as solvents, generated by several
different industries. Waste codes range from F001 to F039.
Examples include ethyl benzene, methylene chloride, and
toluene.
Specific Source Wastes. These are wastes from
specifically identified industries. Waste codes range from
K001 to K161. C&D debris does not typically include
specific source wastes.
Discarded Commercial Chemical Products. Off-
specification products, container residuals, spill residue
runoff, or active ingredients that have spilled or are
unused and that have been, or are intended to be,
discarded. Waste codes for acutely hazardous chemicals
range from P001 to P205 and U001 to U411. An example
is U159, unused methyl ethyl ketone.
Characteristic Wastes. Even if your waste does not appear on
one of the hazardous waste lists, it still might be regulated as
hazardous waste if it exhibits one or more of the following
characteristics:
Ignitability. Ignitable wastes create fires under certain
conditions or are spontaneously combustible, and have a
flash point less than 60ฐC (140ฐF). One example is spent
solvents. The waste code for these materials is D001.
Corrosivity. Corrosive wastes are acids or bases that are
capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage tanks,
drums, and barrels. The waste code for these materials is
D002. C&D debris does not typically include corrosive
wastes.
Reactivity. Reactive wastes are unstable under "normal"
conditions. They can cause explosions, toxic fumes, gases,
or vapors when mixed with water. The waste code for
these materials is D003. C&D debris does not typically
include reactive wastes.
Toxicity. Toxic wastes are harmful or fatal when ingested
or absorbed. When toxic wastes are disposed of on land,
contaminated liquid might drain (leach) from the waste
and pollute ground water. Toxicity is defined through a
laboratory procedure called the Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP). Examples include
trichloroethylene, asphalt wastes, and lead pipe. The waste
codes for these materials range from D004 to D059.
Do Exclusions Exist?
The RCRA regulations contain many exclusions for
wastes and waste management practices that are not consid-
ered to be hazardous.
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
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What Are Some Typical RCRA
Wastes in C&D Debris?
The following table shows some examples of C&D
wastes that may be considered hazarous according to EPA's
definition.
Most construction, demolition, and renovation companies
are considered CESQGs. CESQGs must comply with three
basic waste management requirements to remain exempt from
the full hazardous waste regulations that apply to generators of
larger quantities of hazardous waste (SQGs and LQGs).
(1) Identify all hazardous waste that you generate on site.
Test procedures are described in an EPA document, Test
Methods for the Evaluation of Solid Waste, Physical/
Chemical Methods, SW-846. (See the SW-846Web site at
for more information.)
You can also use your knowledge of the waste to make this
determination; for example, you might know that the spent
solvent you are disposing of is an ignitable hazardous waste,
and therefore, you would not have to test for the
solvent's flashpoint.
(2) You may not store more than 2,200 Ibs (1,000 kg) of
hazardous waste on site at any time.
(3) You must ensure delivery of your hazardous waste to
an offsite treatment or disposal facility that is:
A state or federally regulated hazardous waste
management treatment, storage, or disposal facility.
A facility permitted, licensed, or registered by a state to
manage municipal or industrial solid waste.
A facility that uses, reuses, or legitimately recycles the
waste (or treats the waste prior to use, reuse, or recycling).
A "universal waste" handler or destination facility subject
to the universal waste requirements of 40 CFR Part 273.
(Universal wastes include certain batteries, recalled and
collected pesticides, mercury-containing thermostats,
and mercury-containing fluorescent bulbs.)
Note that some states require CESQGs to obtain an EPA
identification number and comply with certain storage standards.
For more information refer to the Code of Federal
Regulations (DCFR) Title 40 Parts 260 to 279, or visit
.
Activity
Land-Clearing, Wrecking,
and Demolition
Heavy Construction
Carpentry and Floorwork
Paint Preparation and
Painting
Specialty Contracting
Activities
Wastes Generated
Ignitable or toxic wreckage and debris, and
lead pipe.
Asphalt wastes, petroleum distillates, and
used oil.(Asphalt is widely recycled.)
Acetone, adhesives, coatings, methylene
chloride, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl
isobutyl ketone (MIK), mineral spirits, sol-
vents, toluene, treated wood, trichloroethyl-
ene, and xylene.
Acetone, chlorobenzene, glazes, methanol,
MEK, methylene chloride, paint, petroleum
distillates, pigments, solvents, stripping
compounds, toluene, and wastewater.
Acetone, adhesives, coatings, hexachloro-
ethane, kerosene, MEK, MIK, pigments,
solvents, toluene, wastewater, and xylene.
Possible RCRA Waste Codes
D001 (ignitable wreckage and debris), D008 (lead pipe, toxic wreckage
and lead-based paint debris), D009 (mercury-containing fluorescent
lamps), D023-D026 (toxic wreckage and debris containing cresols).
D001 (asphalt wastes, petroleum distillates, used oil sent for disposal),
D004 (arsenic), D006-D008 (used oil sent for disposal containing cad-
mium, chromium, or lead), D018 (asphalt wastes containing benzene).
D001 (acetone, adhesives, coatings, methylene chloride, MEK, MIK,
mineral spirits, solvents, trichloroethylene, toluene, xylene), D004 (treat-
ed wood), D023-D026, D037 (treated wood), D035 (MEK), D040
(trichloroethylene), F001 or F002 (trichloroethylene, methylene chlo-
ride), F003 (acetone, xylene, MIK), F005 (toluene, MEK), U002 (unused
acetone), U159 (unused MEK), U161 (unused MIK), U239 (unused
xylene), U220 (unused toluene), U080 (unused methylene chloride).
D001 (acetone, chlorobenzene, glazes, methanol, MEK, methylene
chloride, paint, petroleum distillates, solvents, stripping compounds,
toluene, wastewater), D007 (chromium pigments), D008 (lead pig-
ments), D021 (chlorobenzene), D035 (MEK), F001 and F002
(chlorobenzene), F003 (acetone, methanol), F005 (MEK, toluene),
U002 (unused acetone), U037 (unused chlorobenzene), U159 (unused
MEK), U220 (unused toluene).
D001 (acetone, adhesives, coatings, MEK, MIK, kerosene, solvents,
toluene, wastewater, xylene), D007 (chromium pigments), D008 (lead
pigments), D034 (hexachloroethane), D035 (MEK), F003 (acetone, MIK,
xylene), F005 (toluene, MEK), U002 (unused acetone), U131 (unused
hexachloroethane), U159 (unused MEK), U161 (unused MIK), U220
(unused toluene), U239 (unused xylene).
RCRA IN FOCUS
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SPECIAL ISSUES IN C&D DEBRIS
How Should I Manage
C&D Debris Containing
Mercury?
When preparing for demolition, contractors
should be aware that some items inside build-
ings contain mercury, which is an extremely
persistent and toxic human health and environ-
mental threat. Contractors should carefully sal-
vage these materials for proper recycling to pre-
vent mercury contamination.
Mercury-containing wastes must be managed
and disposed of as RCRA hazardous wastes if
they meet the toxicity characteristic for mercury
(waste code D009). Mercury-containing batteries,
thermostats, and lamps may be managed under
the Universal Waste Program, provided the state
does not regulate the wastes more stringently.
Items that contain mercury commonly found in
buildings include:
Fluorescent lamps, mercury vapor lamps,
metal halide lamps, high pressure sodium
lamps, and neon lamps. See .
Thermostat probes (found in gas-fired
appliances with pilot lights such as ranges,
ovens, clothes dryers, water heaters, furnaces,
and space heaters).
Thermostats, aquastats, pressurestats,
firestats, monometers, and thermometers.
Smoke detectors, emergency lighting
systems, and security systems and alarms.
Parts of sprinkler systems and coal conveyer
systems.
Elevator control panels.
Exit signs.
Barometers.
Silent wall switches.
Cathode ray tubes.
Old paint.
Salvaging mercury-containing products not
only keeps them from contaminating the soil
and surface waters near building demolition
sites, but it also prevents them from winding up
in landfills or recycling systems. Waste combus-
tors and hazardous waste treatment incinerators
are tightly regulated and must comply with all
EPA standards on air emissions.
Remember the following guidelines:
Isolate items that contain mercury and take
them to a mercury recycler or consolidation
site. Contact your county or state
environmental or solid waste office for
services available in your area. Do not
remove the mercury from items. Label and
store the mercury-containing devices to
ensure proper handling and disposal.
Never crush fluorescent lamps because
mercury could be released.
Contractors should be aware that specialty
buildings, such as hospitals, clinics,
laboratories, and dental offices, might have
additional mercury sources.
EMBER TO CHECK WITH T
APPROPRIATE STATE AND LOCAL
AUTHORITIES ABOUT HOW TO PROPERLY
HOLE AND DISPOSE OF MATERIALS IN
WHAT IS THE
UNIVERSAL
WASTE
PROGRAM?
The Universal Waste
Program is designed to
reduce the amount of haz-
ardous waste items in the
municipal solid waste stream,
to encourage recycling and
proper disposal of certain
common hazardous wastes,
and to reduce the regulatory
burden on businesses that
generate these wastes.
Specifically, it streamlines the
requirements related to noti-
fication, labeling, accumula-
tion time limits, employee
training, response to releases,
offsite shipments, tracking,
exports, and transportation of
"universal waste."
Wastes that are consid-
ered federal universal wastes
include batteries, agricultural
pesticides, thermostats,
lamps, cathode ray tubes, and
mercury-containing equip-
ment. Construction compa-
nies that handle large quanti-
ties of these federal universal
wastes can take advantage of
these special requirements
when handling hazardous
materials. The rule does not
apply to CESQGs (business-
es that generate less than 100
kilograms of universal wastes
per month), although EPA
encourages these businesses
to participate voluntarily in
collection and recycling pro-
grams. Additionally, compa-
nies should check with their
state agency regarding the
implementation of the
Universal Waste Rule in their
state.
For more information,
visit EPAs Universal Waste
Web page at .
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
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How Should I Manage Lead-Based
Paint Debris?
Lead-based paint has been banned since 1978, but many
older structures still have this paint on walls, woodwork, sid-
ing, windows, and doors. Construction and demolition -work-
ers can be exposed to lead contamination by cutting, scraping,
sanding, heating, burning, or blasting lead-based paint from
building components, metal bridges and metal storage tanks.
In addition to exposure to workers, lead-based paint debris or
dust can also make its way into soil, potentially contaminating
surface waters. Lead poisoning is a serious health threat for
adults and is especially damaging to young children. It can
cause anemia, reproductive disorders, and damage to the kid-
ney, liver, and brain. Lead is absorbed into the bloodstream,
soft tissue, and bones and teeth, where it breaks down
extremely slowly (from 50 days to 50 years).
C&D debris contaminated with lead-based paint must be
managed in different ways depending upon where the debris
came from and what it is.
C&D debris from commercial or industrial sites that
is contaminated with lead-based paint must be managed as
RCRA hazardous waste if a representative sample meets the
toxicity characteristic (D008).
Lead-based paint waste from removal or remedia-
tion activities, such as debris, paint chips, dust, and sludges,
that exhibit the toxicity characteristic must be managed and
disposed of as a RCRA hazardous waste. However, lead-based
paint being removed from households is excluded because it
is considered household waste, not hazardous waste.
Contractors working to renovate, remodel, or abate
lead-based paint in homes are allowed to dispose of lead-
based paint waste as household garbage. Contractors who
generate the waste in this manner do not need to determine
whether the waste meets the toxicity characteristic under
RCRA, but should contact their state agency for possible
additional requirements. This waste normally consists of
building parts, such as doors, window frames, painted wood-
work, and paint chips.
Anyone handling lead-based paint or lead-based paint
debriseven if it is not technically considered hazardous
wasteshould follow several guidelines to protect their
health and safety:
Collect paint chips, dust, dirt, and rubble in plastic trash
bags for disposal.
Store larger lead-based paint building parts in containers
until ready for disposal.
Use a covered dumpster (such as a roll-off container) to
store lead-based paint debris until the job is completed.
Contact your local solid waste agency to determine where
and how to dispose of lead-based paint debris.
Do not smoke, eat, or drink around lead-based paint
work.
Always wash your hands and face before smoking, eating,
or drinking.
Do not wear clothes home that have been covered in lead-
based paint dust.
Contractors working for publicly funded rehabilita-
tion or renovation projects in public housing must follow
the Department of Housing and Urban Development
(HUD) guidelines for lead-based paint. They must also fol-
low EPA rules regarding training and certification and
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
rules regarding hazard communication, personal protective
equipment, testing of blood lead levels, and other special
procedures.
8
RCRA IN FOCUS
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How Should I Manage Asbestos
Debris?
Asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) have been -widely
used for fire resistance and insulation in building construc-
tion since World War II. ACMs are most commonly found
Insulation (blown, rolled, and wrapped).
Resilient floor covering (tiles).
Asbestos siding shingles.
Asbestos cement products.
Asphalt roofing products.
Because it can cause a variety of health issues, including
scarring of the lung tissue and certain types of cancer,
asbestos is strictly regulated by both EPA and OSHA. The
Asbestos National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants (NESHAP), promulgated under the Clean Air Act,
is the regulation most commonly applied to the construction
industry (see page 17). Under NESHAP, some types of ACM
are regulated, while others are not subject to special disposal
requirements. The Asbestos NESHAP places ACM in three
distinct categories.
Friable ACM
Friable ACMs are able to be crumbled under hand
pressure and include sprayed-applied fireproofmg or
insulation. Friable ACMs are always regulated under
NESHAP when they are disturbed during demolition or
renovation.
Category 1 Non-Friable ACM
These materials, including floor tiles, are not considered
regulated ACM and do not need to be removed prior to
demolition or renovation. However, if they are subjected
to sanding, grinding, cutting, or abrading, are in poor con-
dition and friable, or if they will be burned, Category 1
Non-Friable ACM is considered regulated ACM and
must be removed accordingly.
Category 2 Non-Friable ACM
The treatment of Category 2 non-friable ACMs, which
includes asbestos cement, should be evaluated on a case-
by-case basis. If these materials are likely to be crushed,
pulverized, or reduced to powder during demolition or
renovation, they should be removed prior to project start
or treated as regulated ACM if exposed to these condi-
tions.
If regulated ACM is present at a site designated for demo-
lition or renovation, it must be properly packaged in leak-
tight containers or wrapped and disposed of at an approved
or licensed disposal site. State and local agencies that regulate
asbestos removal can supply a list of disposal sites, and can be
found in the government pages of local telephone directories.
NESHAP also requires contractors to follow specific work
practices when working with ACMs to ensure adherance to
its zero visible air emissions standard for asbestos removal.
Non-regulated ACM may be disposed of in landfills that
accept ordinary demolition waste.
Regardless of whether asbestos is present at a demolition
or renovation site, NESHAP regulations require contractors
to submit a written notice to the state or local pollution con-
trol agency or to the EPA Regional Office 10 working days
prior to the start of construction activities. Some EPA
Regions require that both EPA and the state or local office be
notified. Additionally, the building site must be inspected by
a certified asbestos inspector, and owners and operators must
have samples of materials suspected of containing ACM col-
lected and tested prior to the start of construction activities.
In addition to NESHAP regulations, some states also have
additional asbestos requirements which should also be con-
sidered during demolition and renovation projects.
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
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HAZARDOUS WASTE REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Managers of construction projects can use the following checklist to determine hazardous waste requirements under RCRA. You should also check state and local
hazardous waste requirements for construction projects.
What type of hazardous waste generator are you?
CESQG
SQG
LOG
REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS
Hazardous
Waste
Identification
EPA
Identification
Number
Hazardous
Waste
Accumulation
Hazardous
Waste Storage
If you generate less than 100 kilograms (220 pounds) of hazardous waste per month, you are a Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator
(CESQG). Most construction contractors do not fall under the federal definition. CESQG contractors may be subject to state and local requirements.
If you generate between 100 and 1,000 kilograms (220-2,200 pounds) of hazardous waste per month, you area Small Quantity Generator (SQG).
If you generate more than 1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) of hazardous waste per month, you are a Large Quantity Generator (LQG).
SQG LQG
REQUIREMENTS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATORS
Identify whether you generate hazardous waste to determine if you are subject to RCRA hazardous
waste regulations. Test procedures are described in "Test Methods for the Evaluation of Solid Waste,
Physical/Chemical Methods, SW-846," or tests can be performed by a local laboratory.
Obtain an EPA Identification number (i.e., a RCRA hazardous waste generator number) for each facility
within your company. EPA and states use this 12-character identification number to track hazardous
waste activities. To get an EPA identification number, submit Form 8700-12 (Notification of Regulated
Waste Activity), which is provided by your state hazardous waste agency. This is a one-time notification.
Contact your state regarding the need for renotification if circumstances at your facility change.
Waste must be properly accumulated in containers or tanks.
Waste must be properly accumulated in containers, tanks, drip pads, or containment buildings.
Hazardous waste containers must be closed, marked as "Hazardous Waste," and marked with the date
accumulation began.
Store hazardous waste containers in a secure location.
Perform weekly inspections of your hazardous waste containers.
You must have secondary containment measures in your hazardous waste storage area.
Hazardous waste storage areas must have fire suppression equipment.
Hazardous waste storage areas must have available radio or telephone communication.
-------
Preparation for
Transport
Manifest
Requirements
Preparedness
and Prevention
Used Oil
Standards
'
'
;
'
'
'
'
/
'
Use a licensed hazardous waste hauler for transport.
Before being transported, waste must be packaged, labeled, and marked in accordance with applicable
Department of Transportation (DOT) requirements. Call the DOT hazardous materials information hot-
line at (202) 366-4488 for information.
Properly label and mark your hazardous waste prior to transport.
Make sure that the transporter has the proper placards to identify the characteristics and dangers asso-
ciated with your waste.
Complete and sign the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest (see below).
Include the name, address, and EPA ID number of the hazardous waste generator (your site), the trans-
porter, and designated TSDF on the manifest.
Include a description of the waste's hazards on the manifest as required by DOT rules.
Provide the quantities of the waste being transported and the types of containers on the manifest.
Complete the certification.
Obtain a copy of the signed and dated manifest from the TSDF within 45 days of shipment for LQGs or
within 60 days for SQGs. If you did not receive a copy, you must submit an "exception report" to EPA.
Your site must have a specified emergency response procedure. (Note: a written contingency plan is
not required.)
Your site's basic safety information must be readily accessible to employees.
Site personnel familiar must be familiar with proper handling of hazardous waste and site emergency
procedures.
Your site must have an established personnel training program to educate workers on the proper han-
dling of hazardous waste.
You must have an emergency coordinator on site or on call at all times.
If you generate used oil, you are subject to a separate set of management standards from the
hazardous waste management standards if the used oil will be recycled. If the used oil is to be treated
and disposed of, perform the hazardous waste identification step listed above.
-------
THE LIFE CYCLE
OF A TYPICAL
RENOVATION/
CONSTRUCTION
WASTE
~^his example details the life cycle of just one
potential construction waste, solvents and
. paint, that might be regulated under RCRA.
The steps below illustrate the most common scenario
of activities a CESQG should conduct with this waste.
Other hazardous wastes could be produced by con-
struction, demolition, and renovation activities, and
other life cycles could be different depending on the
type and amount of waste, and the type of generator.
You might be able to significantly reduce the amount
of hazardous waste you must manage by reducing,
reusing, and recycling C&D debris. If these options are
not available, the following steps must be taken to
ensure proper management of the hazardous waste.
IDENTIFY WASTE
By running tests or using knowledge of the waste, identify
whether the waste solvents and paints are hazardous. Based
on these analyses, you determine that the appropriate
RCRA hazardous waste code is D001 (ignitable wastes).
PLACE WASTE IN ACCUMULATION UNIT
If the waste is not reusable, exchangeable, or recyclable,
ensure that it is delivered to one of several types of
facilities to which CESQGs may send wastes (e.g., haz-
ardous waste TSDFs, certain state licensed or permit-
ted municipal solid waste facilities, or recyclers).
I
RCRA IN FOCUS
-------
COUNT WASTE
As a second step, determine how much hazardous
waste you have produced in a calendar month. Do
not include waste that may be exempt from regula-
tion such as household hazardous waste, mercury-
containing batteries, thermostats, and lamps man-
aged under the Universal Waste Program. Also do
not include waste that is recycled on site without
prior storage or accumulation, and wastes discharged
in compliance with the Clean Water Act directly to a
sewer where the wastes mix with domestic sewage
and then pass to a Public Owned Treatment Works
(POTW).
DETERMINE GENERATOR
STATUS
Based on the waste counted, deter-
mine your generator status. In this
example, you have produced less
than 100 kg in the past month,
which means you are a CESQG in
this calendar month. If the amount
of waste you generate fluctuates
from month to month, you might
want to satisfy the more stringent
requirements each month to sim-
plify compliance.
OBTAIN EPA IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Before shipping waste off site for treatment, storage, or dis-
posal, you must package, label, and mark waste containers
in accordance with all applicable DOT requirements. For
more information, call the DOT Hotline at 800 467-4922.
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
13
-------
REDUCE THE
AMOUNT OF WASTE
You GENERATE
yt significant amount of money can be saved by those companies that take advan-
f-\ tage of the various reuse, exchange, recycling, or donation opportunities that
-/. Vexist. By reducing the amount of C&D debris that is thrown away, companies
also reduce their regulatory burden by avoiding the disposal of items that could be
considered hazardous waste.
The following are several options for reducing the amount of C&D debris requir-
ing disposal:
DECONSTRUCTION AND REUSE: Deconstruction
means the selective disassembly of buildings to facilitate the
reuse or recycling of valuable materials. This practice can
involve the recovery of materials such as wood, structural
brick, and highly functional finished components like -win-
dows, doors, cabinets, and decorative trim. Deconstruction is
labor-intensive but can produce environmental, economic,
and social benefits.
Reuse/Refurbish/Donate: Functional building or architec-
tural components, in addition to scrap materials, can often be
reused or refurbished. Some items could be used by your
company for your next building job, and many items can be
sold to used building materials stores, high-end salvaged
architectural materials exchanges, salvaged wood distributors,
scrap recyclers, individual homeowners, waste exchanges, or
other outlets. Consider placing an ad in the local newspaper
for excess salvage materials. If you can't sell the items you
have salvaged, some of them may be donated to at least save
money on disposal. Also, ask homeowners if they would like
to keep clean, usable materials for their own future projects.
Recycle: Some materials, like the ones in the table on page
15, can be sold to scrap recycling businesses or through mate-
rial exchanges. Sort materials as they are generated to maxi-
mize their recyclability and reuse. This practice is becoming
increasingly cost efficient as processing and disposal costs rise.
Visit for a com-
plete list and more information.
Be sure to prevent hazardous contamination of materials des-
tined for reuse or recycling. Consider accumulating various
wastes separately to facilitate recycling. If you are storing
waste that may be hazardous prior to recycling, you may have
to comply with certain RCRA requirements.
PREVENT POLLUTION: Contractors can take several
other pollution prevention and waste reduction measures as
shown in the table. Some of these suggestions require contrac-
tors to make decisions prior to arriving at the job site, while
others involve onsite activities.
BUYING GREEN: The recycling process is not complete
until you've purchased products made with recycled content.
Note that RCRA specifies that the federal government
and its contractors must purchase certain items with recov-
ered material (recycled) content. Based on extensive
research, EPA has designated several such construction prod-
ucts in the Comprehensive Procurement Guideline (CPG).
Visit for a complete list and more
information. Many additional construction products are
commercially available with recycled content or alternative,
less toxic materials.
14
RCRA IN FOCUS
-------
A QUICK GUIDE TO REDUCING C&D WASTE
Sell or Donate
for Reuse
Reuse on Site
Recycle
Prevent Pollution
and Reduce Waste
Buy Green
Cabinets, doors, plumbing, lighting fixtures, tile carpeting, door hinges, wall paneling, mirrors,
stairway bannisters, construcion-grade lumber, ornamental wood trim, clay tiles and bricks,
metals such as copper and aluminum electrical hardware or wire, and some plumbing hardware.
Historical fabric and architectural items from historic buildings.
Old-growth timbers.
Clean, uncontaminated concrete waste is used in some municipalities as aggregate for soil stabilization
or reprocessed for use in roads, foundation stone, and other projects. Check with your local licensed
landfill operator, earthmovers, or road construction personnel. Rubble (concrete, bricks, cinderblock,
and certain types of tile) can be crushed and sieved for use as an aggregate.
Joist cut-offs can be cut up and used as stakes for forming or for headers around floor openings. Wood
scraps can be used as bridging, splicers, wall components, filler, scabs, and spacers.
Leftover rigid insulation can be used as ventilation baffles or installed into house envelopes at joist
header assemblies.
Asphalt can be reused on site by heating pavement, injecting petroleum distillates, grinding, mixing,
and rerolling. It is estimated that 86 million tons of asphalt are recycled each year.
Metal recyclers often take aluminum or copper wiring scrap, other wiring fixtures, conduit, iron,
copper, brass, steel, lead piping, and appliances, such as refrigerators, freezers, washers, and stoves.
Uncontaminated scrap lumber or pallets can be recycled into furniture or chipped and used for
landscape mulch, compost, animal bedding, boiler fuel, or engineered building products. Sometimes
pallets can be returned to the vendors.
Gypsum scraps can be recycled in some locations.
Glass can be recycled into fiberglass or used in place of sand in paving material.
Asphalt shingles can be used in asphalt highway and road paving and pothole repair, (visit
< shinglerecycling.org>).
Thermal insulation (fiberglass, cellulose, rigid foam, foam-in-place).
Floor tiles (heavy duty/commercial use).
Carpet and carpet cushion.
Ask drywall suppliers to back-haul scrap drywall for use in new drywall production.
Keep drywall cutoffs easily accessible to use for small spaces.
Replace toxic solvents, adhesives, and coatings with less hazardous products, such as water-based or
low volatile organic compound (VOC) paint, adhesives, joint compounds, and sealants.
Reclaim solvents onsite for reuse, or contract with a recycling company.
To minimize spills while painting, clean spray guns by immersing only the front end in solvent. Clean
spray guns by passing solvent through gun and into a container, rather than spraying cleaning solvent
into the air.
Prepare smaller test batches of solvents and coatings.
Cover solvent, adhesive, and coating containers to prevent product evaporation.
Use solvent-based coatings with high levels of solids to reduce air emissions.
Arrange painting schedules to reduce wastes from cleaning equipment between tasks, shifts, or color
changes.
Thermal insulation (fiberglass, cellulose, rigid foam, foam-in-place).
Floor tiles (heavy duty/commercial use).
Carpet and carpet cushion.
Recycled-content siding (made of recycled cellulose fiber and concrete).
Salvaged wood floors and trim.
Recycled steel studs and steel roofing.
Strawboard for interior walls (made of straw pressed together with a low VOC, formaldehyde-free
adhesive).
Recycled-content roofing materials.
Plastic lumber products.
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
15
-------
REDUCE THE
AMOUNT OF WASTE
You GENERATE
How Should I Manage My Oil?
In the construction and demolition industry, many types
of vehicles and equipment require the use of motor oil.
Recycling is the preferred way of handling used oil to protect
the environment and to conserve natural resources. Used oil
can be re-refined into lubricants, re-processed into fuel oil,
and used as raw materials for the refining and petrochemical
industries. Used oil filters contain reusable scrap steel that
producers can use as scrap feed. If you maintain your own
vehicles, take the following steps to ensure the environment is
protected by recycling this valuable resource:
Follow good housekeeping practices and your state's used
oil management standards.
Do not mix used motor oil with anything.
Keep clean-up materials such as rags, sand, booms, or clay
kitty litter close at hand.
Contain spilled oil by spreading sand or other clean-up
material over and around the used motor oil.
Buy and maintain reusable clean-up materials when
possible.
Recycle used oil clean-up materials or send them to an
energy recovery facility when possible.
Reduce waste and save money by using extraction devices
(e.g., centrifuges, wringers and compactors) to recover
used motor oil from reusable clean-up materials.
Remove used motor oil from rags or other clean-up
materials and recycle the motor oil as you normally would.
Put used cleaning materials in the trash when they do not
contain any free-flowing oil and when they can no longer
be reused or recycled.
Send used motor oil to a re-refiner whenever possible.
Send used oil filters to a recycler whenever possible.
The recycling loop isn't complete until the materials that
are sent for recycling are remanufactured into new products
and purchased by consumers. Whenever possible, purchase
re-refined motor oil for vehicles and equipment. Search EPA's
Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines database for a listing
of re-refined motor oil dealers in your area
.
How Should I Manage My Used
Tires?
Typically the many vehicles used in the construction and
demolition industry will outlive their tires, requiring users to
find replacements when the original tires are no longer func-
tional. Discarded tires have always been and continue to be a
serious disposal problem, taking up large amounts of landfill
space and posing threats to human health and the environ-
ment. Salvaging used tires not only keeps them out of land-
fills, but provides the opportunity to save money on the
replacements.
When tires becomes worn, take them to a retreader or other
tire recycler. Technically, all types of tires can be retreaded.
Retreading involves adding a new layer of tread to a used tire.
Retreading tires not only saves landfill space, but also con-
serves the oil and energy used to make new tires. Retread tires
cost between 30 percent and 50 percent less than a new tire.
Search EPA's Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines data-
base for a listing of retread tire manufacturers in your area
.
If tire retreading is not an option, look into the various
state and private organizations that offer tire recycling pro-
grams. Recycled tires can be used in creating running tracks,
playground surfaces, and shoe soles. Scrap tires can also be
used in flooring/matting and as a soil amendment. Ground
tires provide cushioning and maintain traction and shape; for
this reason, they are increasingly used by highway depart-
ments as an asphalt additive to help extend the life of roads,
and as low density aggregate in embankment and fill applica-
tions. See EPA's consolidated tire web site at .
16
RCRA IN FOCUS
-------
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
AFFECTING THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
THE CLEAN WATER ACT
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act,
commonly known as the Clean Water Act
(CWA), is the federal program designed to
restore and maintain the integrity of the nation's
surface waters. CWA controls direct discharges
to surface waters (e.g., through a pipe) from
industrial processes or storm-water systems asso-
ciated with an industrial activity. It also regulates
indirect discharges, or discharges to publicly
owned treatment works (POTWs) through a
public sewer system, by requiring industrial
facilities to pretreat their waste before discharg-
ing to a public sewer. Industrial pollutants from
the construction industry that might be regulat-
ed by CWA include solvents and adhesives.
CWA Resources:
40 CFR Parts 100 to 129 and 400 to 503.
Internet access:
EPA Office of Water: (202) 564-2240
Your state water authority, Regional EPA
office, and local POTW
OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
UNDER THE CWA
The Oil Pollution Prevention regulations
were promulgated under the authority of the
CWA. These regulations establish requirements
for facilities to prevent oil spills from reaching
the navigable waters of the United States or
adjoining shorelines. The regulations apply to
non-transportation-related facilities with a spe-
cific aboveground or underground oil storage
capacity that, because of their location, can rea-
sonably be expected to discharge oil into the
navigable waters of the United States.
Oil Pollution Prevention Regulation
Resources:
40 CFR Part 112
Internet Access:
THE CLEAN AIR ACT
The Clean Air Act (CAA) regulates air pol-
lution. It includes national emission standards
for new stationary sources within particular
industrial categories. It also includes national
emission standards, which are designed to con-
trol the emissions of particular hazardous air
pollutants (HAPs). Construction sites generate
some HAPs, such as volatile organic com-
pounds in organic solvents and paints. The
CAA also seeks to prevent the accidental release
of certain hazardous chemicals and to minimize
the consequences of such releases.
CAA Resources:
40 CFR Parts 50 to 99
Control Technology Center, Office of Air
Quality, Planning and Standards, EPA,
General Information: (919) 541-0800;
Publications (919) 541-2777
Internet Access:
ASBESTOS NATIONAL EMISSIONS
STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS
AIR POLLUTANTS (NESHAP)
The Clean Air Act also regulates asbestos
renovations and demolitions. The Asbestos
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants (NESHAP) relating to demoli-
tions and renovations is a work practice stan-
dard, meaning it does not place specific numeri-
cal emission limitations for asbestos fibers on
asbestos demolitions and removals. Instead, it
requires specific actions to be taken to control
emissions. For more information about the
asbestos NESHAP, asbestos-related renovation
or demolition in buildings other than schools,
or transport and disposal of asbestos waste, con-
tact the Small Business Asbestos Ombudsman
at (800) 368-5888 or . For
questions regarding asbestos in private homes,
contact your state or regional EPA asbestos rep-
resentative at .
CFR GUIDE TO
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
REGULATIONS
To review the RCRA
regulations referred to
in this document, consult
the following citations in
40 CFR:
Part 260Hazardous
waste management
system: general.
Part 261 Identification
and listing of hazardous
waste.
Part 262 Standards
applicable to generators
of hazardous waste.
Part 263 Standards
applicable to transporters
of hazardous waste.
Part 264 Standards for
owners and operators of
hazardous waste and
specific types of
hazardous waste
management facilities.
Part 265 Interim
status standards for
owners and operators of
TSDFs.
Part 266 Standards for
the management of
specific hazardous
wastes and specific types
of hazardous waste
management facilities.
Part 268 Land disposal
restrictions.
Part 270EPA
administered permit
programs: the Hazardous
Waste Permit Program.
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
17
-------
CFR GUIDE TO
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
REGULATIONS
continued
m Part 271
Requirements for
authorization of state
hazardous waste
programs.
Part 272 Approved
state hazardous waste
management programs.
Part 273 Standards
for universal waste
management.
Part 279Standards
for the management of
used oil.
FOR MORE
INFORMATION
For additional infor-
mation on any of
these laws, visit
.
OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
AFFECTING THE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY
COMPREHENSIVE
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE,
COMPENSATION, AND LIABILITY
ACT (CERCLA OR SUPERFUND)
The Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, commonly known as
Superfund, authorizes EPA to respond to releas-
es, or threatened releases, of hazardous sub-
stances that may endanger public health, wel-
fare, or the environment, that might come from
any source. Superfund also grants EPA the
authority to force parties responsible for envi-
ronmental contamination to clean it up or to
reimburse response costs incurred by EPA. The
most important part of this act applicable to
construction sites is the hazardous substance
release reporting requirement. The person in
charge at your business must report to the
National Response Center (800 424-8802), any
release of a hazardous substance that exceeds a
designated "reportable quantity" for that sub-
stance within a 24-hour period.
Superfund Resources:
Internet Access:
THE EMERGENCY PLANNING AND
COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
The Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 created the
Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act (EPCRA). This law was designed to
improve community access to information about
potential chemical hazards and to facilitate the
development of chemical emergency response
plans by state and local governments. The
EPCRA regulations establish several types of
reporting obligations for facilities that store or
manage specified chemicals. Certain notification
requirements apply to construction sites that use
or store extremely hazardous substances. Also,
many of the chemicals used by the construction
industry, such as solvents, adhesives, and pig-
ments, may be considered hazardous chemicals
as defined by the Occupational Safety and
Health Act (OSHA). Contact your local OSHA
office if you have questions about whether the
chemicals used in your construction business
are considered hazardous under OSHA.
EPCRA Resources:
40 CFR Parts 350 to 372
The State Emergency Response Commission
.
Internet Access:
and
SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) man-
dates that EPA establish regulations to protect
human health from contaminants present in
drinking water. Under the authority of the
SDWA, EPA developed national drinking water
standards and created a joint federal-state system
to ensure compliance with these standards. EPA
also regulates underground injection of liquid
wastes under the SDWA to protect underground
sources of drinking-water.
SDWA Resources:
40 CFR Parts 141-148
SDWA Hotline: (800) 426-4791
Internet Access:
TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL
ACT
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
allows EPA to collect data on chemicals to evalu-
ate, assess, mitigate, and control risks which may
be posed by their manufacture, processing, and
use. Construction sites may be affected by some
of the TSCA requirements.
TSCA Resources:
40 CFR Parts 702 to 799
TSCA Hotline: (202) 554-1404
Internet Access:
18
RCRA IN FOCUS
-------
CONTACTS AND RESOURCES
U.S. EPA RESOURCES
EPA's Construction and Demolition
Debris Web Page
Web: www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/debris
Defines construction and demolition debris, provides
background information, and provides a link to EPAs
report, entitled "Characterization of Building-Related
Construction and Demolition Debris in the United
States."
Web: www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/solidwaste/
construction.htm
The Region 5 web site provides information on recy-
cling waste at construction and demolition sites.
Managing Your Environmental
ResponsibilitiesA Planning Guide
for Construction and Development
Available at www.cicacenter.org
RCRA Hazardous Waste Resources
Web: www.epa.gov/osw/topics.htm
Provides an alphabetical, clickable index of waste topics.
Links to other sections of the EPA site for more infor-
mation.
RCRA Information Center
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
RCRA Information Center (5305W)
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (703) 603-9230
Fax: (703) 603-9234
E-mail: rcra-docket@epamail.epa.gov
Holds and provides public access to all regulatory mate-
rials on RCRA and distributes technical and non-tech-
nical information on RCRA issues.
Envirosense
Web: www.epa.gov/envirosense/index.html
An EPA site containing technical, policy, and general
information on pollution prevention topics.
Headquarters Library
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Headquarters Library
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (3404T)
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 566-0556
Fax: (202) 566-0562
E-mail: library-hq@epa.gov
Web: www.epa.gov/natlibra/hqirc/about.htm
Maintains environmental reference materials for EPA
staff and the general public, including books, journals.
abstracts, newsletters, and audiovisual materials generat-
ed by government agencies and the private sector. Also
provides access to online computer service bulletin
boards and CD/ROM systems.
Jobs Through Recycling
Construction Web Page
Web: www.epa.gov/jtr/comm/construc.htm
Section of EPA's Jobs Through Recycling Web Site that
addresses recycling of construction materials. Provides
information on recycling markets for construction and
demolition debris.
Comprehensive Procurement
Guidelines
Web: www.epa.gov/cpg
EPAs Comprehensive Procurement Guideline Program
specifies recycled-content products, including construc-
tion materials, for federal government use.
National Lead Information Center
Phone: (800) 424-LEAD (5323)
Fax: (301) 585-6151
Web: www.epa.gov/lead/nlic.htm
Distributes information about lead hazards and their
prevention.
Pollution Prevention Information
Clearinghouse (PPIC)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Pollution Prevention Information Clearinghouse
(PPIC)
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW (7407)
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (202) 260-1023
Fax: (202) 260-4659
Email: ppic@epamail.epa.gov
A free, nonregulatory EPA service dedicated to reducing
or eliminating industrial pollutants through technology
transfer, education, and public awareness. Provides links
to EPA pollution prevention resources.
Small Business Ombudsman
Clearinghouse/Hotline
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Small Business Ombudsman (2131)
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20460
Phone: (800) 368-5888
Fax: (703) 305-6462
Web: www.smallbiz-enviroweb.org
Helps private citizens, small businesses, and smaller
communities with questions on all program aspects
within EPA
OTHER FEDERAL AND STATE
GOVERNMENT RESOURCES
Other Federal Resources
Army Corps Construction
Engineering Research Lab
ERDC-CERL
PO Box 9005
Champaign, IL 61826-9005
Web: www.cecer.army.mil
CERL, a part of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and
Development Center, conducts research and develop-
ment to support environmentally sustainable military
installations. To carry out its mission, CERL works
extensively with the academic community and public
industry, facilitating technology and knowledge transfer
between the private and government sectors.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
Superintendent of Documents
U.S. Government Printing Office
Phone: (866) 512-1800
(202)512-1800 (DC area)
Web: http://bookstore.gpo.gov
Most of the RCRA requirements are contained in Title
400, Parts 260 to 299 contains. Order from the U.S.
Government Printing Office.
Naval Facilities Engineering Service
Center
Web: http://enviro.nfesc.navy.mil
Engineering Services section of the Naval Facilities
Engineering Service Center.
U.S. Department of Transportation
(DOT)
Hazardous Materials Information Center
Phone: (800) 467-4922
Web: http://hazmat.dot.gov/
Provides information about DOT's hazardous materials
regulations.
U.S. General Services
Administration's Construction Waste
Management Database
Web: http://cwm.gsa.gov
Searchable online database contains nationwide infor-
mation on companies that haul, collect, and process
debris from construction projects.
USDA Forest Products Lab
One Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53726-2398
Phone: (608) 231-9200
Fax: (608) 231-9592
Web: www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/
recycling_wood.htm
The nation's leading wood research institute, recog-
nized nationally and internationally as an unbiased
source of information on wood science and use.
State Resources
Construction and Demolition Waste
Recovery: Processing, Recycling,
Burning and Transport
Web: www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/aw/air/reg/
asbestos/asbes6.htm
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Web site
outlines a number of issues related to construction and
demolition waste.
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
19
-------
Integrated Waste Management
Board's Construction and
Demolition (C&D) Recycling
Program
Web: www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo
A California Web site that allows users to search a
database of facilities within and outside of California
that collect specific types of construction and demo-
lition debris for reuse or recycling.
University of Florida Powell Center
for Construction & Environment
Rinker Hall Room 304
EO. Box 115703
Gainesville, FL 33711-5703
Contact: Dr. Charles Kibert
Phone: (352) 273-1189"
E-mail: ckibert@ufl.edu
Web:
Fosters the implementation of sustainability princi-
ples into the creation of the built environment.
ensuring that energy, water, materials, and land are
utilized efficiently and that renewable and recyclable
resources are emphasized.
MATERIALS EXCHANGE
RESOURCES
EPA's Listing of International,
National, and State-Specific
Material Exchanges
Web: www.epa.gov/jtr/comm/exchange.htm
Defines and describes materials and waste
exchanges, and provides contact information for
state, national, and international material exchanges.
Materials Exchange Organizations
Index
Web: www.recycle.net/recycle/exch
Alphabetical listing of materials exchanges.
RecycleXchange
Web: www.recyclexchange.com/exchange
Classified advertisements for buying and selling vari-
ous materials, including construction and demolition
debris.
Recycling Exchange Links on the
Small Business Environmental
Home Page
Web: www.smallbiz-enviroweb.org/pollution/
recycling_links.html
Listing of helpful resource links for small businesses
interested in increasing their recycling efforts.
TRADE, PROFESSIONAL,
AND ADVOCACY
ASSOCIATIONS AND
ORGANIZATIONS
Construction Industry Compliance
Assistance Center (CICA)
www.cicacenter.org
The CICA Web site provides plain language explana-
tions of environmental rules for the construction
industry and links to detailed information, including
state regulations.
Construction Materials Recycling
Association
EO. Box 644
Lisle, IL 60532
Phone: (630) 548-4510
Fax: (630) 548-4511
Email: turley@cdrecycling.org
Web: www.cdrecycling.org
Contact: William Turley
A national association that promotes the recycling
and reuse of construction and demolition materials.
American Association of State
Highway and Transportation
Officials (AASHTO)
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249
Washington, DC 20001
Fhone: (202) 624-5800
Fax: (202) 624-5806
Email: info@aashto.org
Web: www.transporation.org
Association representing highway and transportation
departments in all 50 states, the District of
Columbia, and Fuerto Rico.
Asphalt Recycling & Reclaiming
Association
FMB 250
#3 Church Circle
Annapolis, MD 21401
Phone: (410) 267-0023
Fax: (410) 267-7546
E-Mai: MemberServices@arra.org
Web: www.arra.org
Serves as a network for asphalt recycling information
exchange and technology transfer among profession-
als in the highway industry
Associated General Contractors of
America
333 John Carlyle Street
Suite 200
Alexandria, VA 22314
Phone: (703)548-3118
Fax: (703)548-3119
E-Mail: info@agc.org
Web: www.agc.org
Organization of construction contractors and indus-
try-related companies dedicated to improving the
construction industry by educating the industry
about the latest skills, technology, and products.
Select "Environmental Services" and
"Environmental Publications.
Building Deconstruction
Consortium
Web: www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/Library/
Sustain/BDC/bdc.html
A network of building professionals working to
maximize reuse of building materials. The network
identifies and develops technical resources to
encourage building material reuse that is fiscally
environmentally, and occupationally sound.
Center for Resourceful Building
Technology
RO. Box 100
Missoula, MT 59806
Phone: (406) 549-7678
Fax: (406) 549-4100
E-Mail: crbt@ncat.org
Web: www.crbt.org
Dedicated to promoting environmentally responsible
construction practices and containing information
on recycled-content building products and environ-
mental building techniques.
Deconstruction Institute
1143 Central Avenue
Sarasota, FL 34236
Phone: (941) 358-7730
Fax: (941) 362-4290
Web: www.deconstructioninstitute.com
Web site provides educational materials, tools and
techniques, networking, case studies, articles, facts.
and many other downloadable and interactive mod-
ules about the environmental impacts of building
deconstruction.
Institute for Local Self-Reliance
927 15th St. NW, 4th Floor
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (202) 898-1610
Web: www.ilsr.org
Organization helping community groups, govern-
ment leaders, and entrepreneurs develop environ-
mentally friendly economic strategies that contribute
to sustainable economic systems.
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RCRA IN FOCUS
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National Association of Demolition
Contractors (NADC)
16 North Franklin Street
Suite 203
Doylestown, PA 18901-3536
Phone: (800) 541-2412
Fax: (215) 348-8422
E-mail: info@dernolitionassociation.corn
Web: www.demolitionassociation.com
The National Association of Demolition
Contractors represents over 850 demolition contrac-
tors and 200 associated industry companies world-
wide. NADC facilitates education and communica-
tion regarding safety and technology between indus-
try members and regulators.
National Association of Home
Builders (NAHB)
1201 15th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20005
Phone: (800) 368-5242 or (202) 822-0200 within the
Washington, DC metropolitan area.
E-mail: info@NAHB.org
Web: www.nahb.org
Organization representing home builders.
Participates in a partnership, known as Build
American Beautiful, along with Keep American
Beautiful, Inc., a national nonprofit organization
dedicated to improving waste practices. Build
American Beautiful recognizes contractors who keep
construction sites clean and make efforts to recycle
and reduce wastes.
National Association of Home
Builders Research Center
400 Prince George's Blvd
Upper Marlboro, MD 20774
Phone: (301) 249-4000, (800) 638-8556
Fax: (301) 430-6180
E-mail: webmaster@nahbrc.org
Web: www.nahbrc.org
A wholly owned subsidiary of NAHB, which aims
to keep government agencies, manufacturers,
builders, and remodelers on the leading edge of
home construction technology.
The Recycled Materials Resource
Center
220 Environmental Technology Building
35 Calvos Road
Durham, NH 03824
Phone: (603) 862-4704
Fax: (603) 862-3957
E-Mail: rmrc@rmrc.unh.edu
Web: www.rmrc.unh.edu
National center that serves as the principal point of
contact for the use of recycled materials (pavements.
secondary waste, by-product materials) in the high-
way environment.
The Reuse People, Inc.
2100 Ferry Point #150
Alameda, CA 94501
Phone: (510) 522-2722
E-mail: info@TheReusePeople.org
Web: www.thereusepeople.org
A nonprofit corporation dedicated to reducing the
solid waste stream entering our landfills by diverting
and salvaging usable building materials and provid-
ing them to individuals, businesses and families.
including low-income families in Mexico.
Shinglerecycling.org
Web: www.shinglerecycling.org
An online resource center developed by EPA, the
University of Florida, CMRA, and the National
Roofing Contractors Association.
shinglerecycling.org provides comprehensive infor-
mation regarding shingle recycling, including barri-
ers to recycling, recycling markets, regulatory con-
cerns, and links to other resources.
Steel Recycling Institute
680 Andersen Drive
Pittsburgh PA 15220-2700
Phone: (800) YES-1-CAN (937-1226)
E-mail: sri@recycle-steel.org
Web: www.recycle-steel.org
National trade association representing the steel
industry and providing steel recycling information.
links, and a database of steel recyclers in the United
States.
U.S. Green Building Council
1015 18th Street, NW, Suite 805
Washington, DC 20036
Phone: (202) 82-USGBC (828-7422)
Fax: (202) 828-5110
Web: www.use
The mission of this coalition is to accelerate the
adoption of green building practices, technologies.
policies, and standards.
Used Building Materials
Association
1702 Walnut Street
Boulder, CO 80302
Phone: (303) 440-0703
Fax: (303) 441-4367
Web: www.ubma.org
A nonprofit organization that represents companies
and organizations involved in the acquisition and
redistribution of used building materials.
CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION, AND RENOVATION
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