600183015c

                    United States          Health Effects Research         PPA/finn/i a-j /m *
                    Environmental Protection   Laboratory                 tPA/600/1 -83/015e
                    Agency              Research Triangle Park NC 27711   September 1987
                    Research and Development                         Pesticides and Toxic Substances

&EPA           U.S.  Cancer

                    Mortality  Rates and
                    Trends, 1950-1979


                    Volume IV:  Maps
                                              by

                                      Wilson B. Riggan, Ph.D.*
                                      John P. Creason, Ph.D.*
                                      William C. Nelson, Ph.D.*
                                    Kenneth G. Manton, Ph.D.**
                                     Max A. Woodbury, Ph.D.**
                                         EricStallard**
                                      Alvin C. Pellom, Ph.D.***
                                    Jefferson Beaubier, Ph.D.****
                            "Environmental Epidemiology and Biometry Division
                                  Health Effects Research Laboratory
                                 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                              Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711


                                  **Center for Demographic Studies
                                         Duke University
                                   Durham, North Carolina 27706
                                     ***Northrop Services, Inc.
                              Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709


                                  ****Exposure Evaluation Division
                                     Office of Toxic Substances
                                U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
                                     Washington, DC 20460
                              For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government
                                    Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402

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                              Disclaimer

  This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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                                 Foreword

  The many benefits of our modern, developing, industrial society are accompanied
 by certain hazards. Careful assessment of the relative risk of existing and new man-
 made environmental hazards is necessary for the establishment of sound regulatory
 policy. These regulations serve to enhance the quality of our environment  in order
 to promote the public health and welfare and the productive capacity of our  Nation's
 population.
  The complexities of environmental problems originate in the deep interdependent
 relationships between the various physical and biological  segments of man's natural
 and social  world. Solutions to these environmental problems require an integrated
 program of research  and development using input from a number of disciplines. The
 Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle  Park,  NC and Cincinnati, OH
 conducts a coordinated  environmental health  research  program in toxicology,
 epidemiology,  and clinical studies  using human  volunteer subjects.  Wide ranges of
 pollutants known or  suspected to cause health problems are studied. The research
 focuses  on  air pollutants, water  pollutants, toxic  substances, hazardous  wastes,
 pesticides and non-ionizing radiation. The laboratory participates in the development
 and revision of air and water quality criteria and health  assessment documents on
 pollutants for  which  regulatory actions are being considered. Direct support to the
 regulatory function of the Agency is provided in the form of expert testimony and
 preparation of affidavits as well as expert advice to the Administrator to assure the
 adequacy of environmental regulatory decisions involving the protection of the health
 and welfare of all U.S. inhabitants.
  This atlas, volume  4 in our series, which  supplements the county tabulations
 presented in the first three volumes, an important Laboratory product, provides EPA
 and other governmental agencies, state and local health departments,  universities,
 and environmental control agencies with an historic data base and ready reference
 containing maps which show spatial and temporal patterns of cancer mortality.
  This report  contains maps of  the conterminous  United States which show the
 geographic variation in cancer mortality rates for  each of the three decades between
 1950 and 1979 as well as the variation in the trends (i.e.  the changes in these rates
 between the first and third decade). It supplements the three volume tabulation of
 cancer mortality rates and trends previously published in cooperation with the National
 Cancer Institute. With each map are graphs of the data distribution and corresponding
 national  rates. The maps use five class intervals for the cancer rates,  represented
 by grey tones ranging from black for the highest class to white for the lowest.
  These  maps and the information they provide about the geographic and temporal
 patterns  in cancer mortality may  be used in a  number of ways in  epidemiological
 investigation, such as aiding in the formulation of hypotheses about the environmental
determinants of human cancer or  standing as a ready reference for researchers and
other concerned groups.
                            F. Gordon Hueter, Ph.D.
                                   Director
                       Health Effects Research Laboratory

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                                 Abstract

  The reduction in deaths from contagious disease during the past century, and the
reduction in deaths from cardiovascular disease during the past decade and a half,
increase the relative importance of cancer mortality. With over 450,000  deaths  in
1984 cancer mortality ranks second only to deaths from heart disease [1 ].
  This atlas supplements the county tabulations in the first three volumes.  The maps
show patterns of cancer mortality rates for each of the four race-sex groups, for the
three decades 1950-59, 1960-69, and 1970-79,  as well as change maps reflecting
the changes in rank between the first and third decades. More common cancers among
the white population are mapped at the county level while the less common cancers
and non-white cancers are mapped at the state economic area  (SEA) level.
  Spatial variation of site-specific cancer mortality at the county or  state economic
area level can provide insights into possible etiologic or environmental factors and/
or the bases for more detailed epidemiological studies. One complication  with such
studies, especially for rare  cancer types, is that  unstable local area  rate  estimates,
resulting from small population sizes,  can  obscure the underlying spatial  pattern  of
disease risk. These cancer maps use more stable rate estimates by statistically weighting
the local area estimates toward the national level. Details of this procedure  have been
presented in a recent journal article by Manton et al. [2].
  Cancer mortality data as arranged in these  maps have many uses. For example,
the geographic and  temporal  differences  are  useful in developing  and  examining
hypotheses about the influence of various  environmental factors. The consistency of
such differences across race, sex and age groups can provide insight into other possible
causes. For local communities concerned about a specific cancer situation, these maps
provide both  a spatial and  temporal historic context  in which  to evaluate the local
conditions.
  The  continuing  improvement and steadily  declining cost of  all aspects  of
microcomputer operation, especially processing power, storage capacity, and graphic
output quality, have recently provided the means to produce inexpensive, high quality
maps at the county or state economic area level.  Maps such as these should become
even more important in the future as a valuable tool in assessing spatial and temporal
variation in cancer mortality.
                                       iv

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                                 Contents
Foreword	\\\
Abstract	iv
Acknowledgment	jx
Introduction and Summary	xj
Materials and Methods	xiv
  Source and Description of Data	xiv
  Statistical Methodology	xiv
  The Maps	,	Xvi
Technical Notes	xviii
  Area Recedes and Combinations of Counties	xviii
  Standard Million Population	xix
  Constructing Equivalent  Categories	xix
  Cancer Site Comparability Table	xix
References	xx
Maps	1

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Cancer Sites
ICD 9th Rev.
Page Number
Site
WM
WF
NM
NF*
Volume 1
140-208
140
141,143-
146,148,149
142
147
150
151
153,159.0
1 54 except 1 54.3
155,156
157
All cancers combined 	
Cancer of the lip 	
Cancer of the oral cavity
including tongue 	
Cancer of the salivary
gland 	
Cancer of the
nasopharynx 	
Cancer of the
esophagus 	
Cancer of the stomach 	
Cancer of the large
intestine 	
Cancer of the rectum 	
Cancer of the liver and
gallbladder including
bile ducts 	
Cancer of the pancreas 	
001
117
148
231
280
321
406
507
608
699
792
033
137
179
253
299
352
438
539
639
731
824
065
144
207
271
311
379
470
571
670
763
856
091
146
221
276
317
395
490
589
685
778
873
Volume II
160
161
162,163,165
170
171,164.1
172
173,154.3
174,175
179,181,182
180
183
185
186
188,189.3
1 89 except 1 89.3
Cancer of the nose, nasal
cavities, middle ear and
accessory sinuses 	
Cancer of the larynx 	
Cancer of the trachea,
bronchus and lung
including pleura and
other respiratory sites. . . .
Cancer of the bone
including jaw 	
Connective and soft
tissue cancer 	
Malignant melanoma
of skin 	
Nonmelanoma skin
cancer 	
Cancer of the breast 	
Cancer of the chorion and
uterus 	
Cancer of the cervix uteri
Cancer of the ovary,
fallopian tube and
broad ligament 	
Cancer of the prostate 	
Cancer of the testis 	
Cancer of the bladder and
other urinary organs 	
Cancer of the kidney and
ureter 	
001
053
117
222
297
364
435
506
' * *
730
782
814
904
023
083
150
251
323
394
465
523
581
631
682
846
935
041
100
182
278
348
423
491
555
762
808
876
965
048
112
204
288
356
429
499
561
613
663
714
891
978
*WM = White male
 WF = White female
 NM = Non-white male
 NF = Non-white female
                                   vi

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 Cancer Sites
                                                      Page Number
 ICD 9th Rev.
          Site
                                               WM
                                   WF
               NM
               NF*
                                 Volume III
 190
 191,192
 193
 194,164.0

 159.1,200,
 202.0,.1,.8,.9
 201
 203 except 203.1
 204-208,202.4,
  203.1
 152,158,159.2-
  .9,164.2-.9,184
  187,195-199
  202.2,.3,.5,.6
Cancer of the eye	
Cancer of the brain and
 other parts of the
 nervous system	
Cancer of the thyroid gland
Cancer of the thymus and
 other endocrine glands...
Lymphosarcoma and
 reticulum cell sarcoma
 including other
 lymphoma	
Hodgkin's disease	
Multiple myeloma	
Leukemias	

Secondary, site
 unspecified, and not
 previously listed
 cancers	
001
042
128

186
226
316
392
476
571
019
074
148

203
258
346
422
508
604
035
105
173

218
290
374
451
540
                                                              637
039
117
178

222
304
384
464
556
                                                  656
                                Volume IV
                                                  Page Number
Cancer Sites
ICD 9th Rev.
                    County
                                                            SEA
     Site
                                      WM    WF    WM   WF   NM
140-208          All cancers
                  combined	   002   006    	    010   014
140             Cancer of the lip	    018   	
141,143-146     Cancer of the oral
 148,149          cavity including
                  tongue	    022   026   030   034
147             Cancer of the
                  nasopharynx	    038   ...    042
150             Cancer of the
                  esophagus	    046   050   054   058
151              Cancer of the
                  stomach	   062   066    	    070   074
153,159.0        Cancer of the large
                  intestine	   078   082    	    086   090
154 except 154.3   Cancer of the
                  rectum	   094   098    	    102   106
155,156          Cancer of the liver
                  and gallbladder
                  including bile
                  ducts	   110   114    	    118   122
157             Cancer of the
                  pancreas	   126   130    	    134   138
161              Cancer of the
                  larynx	    142   146   150^ ...
162,163,165      Cancer of trachea,
                  bronchus, and lung
                  including pleura
                  and other
                  respiratory sites....   154   158    	    162   166
164.1,171         Con nective a nd soft
                  tissue cancer	    170   	
170              Cancer of the bone
                  including jaw	    174   178   	

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                                                  Page Number
Cancer Sites
ICD 9th Rev.
                                                            SEA
Site
  County     	
WM    WF    WM   WF    NM   NF*
172               Malignant
                   melanoma of
                   skin	    182   186    	
173,154.3         Nonmelanoma skin
                   cancer	    190   194    	
174,175           Cancer of the
                   breast	    198   202   	    206
179,181,182       Cancer of the chorion
                   & uterus	    210   	    214
180               Cancer of the
                   cervix uteri	    218   	    ...    222
183               Cancer of the ovary,
                   fallopian tube and
                   broad ligament	    226   	    230
185               Cancer of the
                   prostate	   234   	    238   ...
186               Cancer of the
                   testis	    242    	
188,189.3         Cancer of the bladder
                   and other urinary
                   organs	   246   250   	    254   258
189 except 189.3   Cancer of the kidney
                   and ureter	   262   266   	    270   ...
191,192           Cancer of the brain
                   and other parts of
                   the nervous
                   system	   274   278   	    282   286
 193               Cancer of the thyroid
                   gland	    290    294   	
 159.1,200,        Lymphosarcoma and
 202.0,.1,.8,.9      reticulum cell
                   sarcoma including
                   other lymphoma	    298    302   306   310
 201               Hogkin's disease	    314    318   	
 203  except203.1   Multiple myeloma      	    322    326   330   334
 204-208,202.4,    Leukemias	    338    342   	
 203.1
 152,158,          Secondary, site
  159.2-.9,164.2-    unspecified, and  not
  .9,184,187,195-    previously listed
  199,202.2,.3,      cancers	   346   350   	    354   358
  .5,.6

                                                               Page number

 Map of county boundaries	362

 Map of state economic area boundaries	363
                                    viii

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                           Acknowledgment

  We wish to acknowledge and thank Dr. Thomas Mason, National Cancer Institute,
for his helpful suggestions,  consultation, and long-term  support for and interest in
our work.
  We wish to acknowledge  support and help of other USEPA scientists, especially
Drs. Jack Griffith and Carl Hayes, EEB, EEBD, Dr. Thomas Curran, Warren  Freas, III,
William F. Hunt, Jr., OAQPS, and Dr. R. Clifton Bailey, AED, OWRS.
  We wish to acknowledge  support and help of Dr. Gene Lowrimore, formerly with
USEPA, and now with Duke University and an independent consultant. Also, we thank
Gregory and Sue Woodbury of Duke for their help especially with our mapping program
and the generation of the maps.
  We wish to acknowledge other scientists for their technical  review and  helpful
suggestions, especially Dr. Kenneth Bridbord, International Studies  Branch, Fogarty
International Center, NIH, Dr. John F. Finklea, Department of Public Health, University
of Alabama in Birmingham, Dr. Jean French, CDC, NIOSH, Atlanta, Dr. Roy Ing, Center
forEnvironmentalHealth.Atlanta, Dr. Michael D.Lebowitz, University of Arizona College
of Medicine, Dr. Clifford H. Patrick, U.S. Veterans Administration Medical Center, in
Durham, Dr. James H. Stebbings, Jr., Center for Human Radiobiology, Argonne National
Laboratory, and Dr. Marvin A. Schniederman retired from the National Cancer Institute
and currently a private  consultant.
  We thank the many  scientists who commented and provided valuable suggestions
during and following presentation of the statistical stabilization of mortality rates and
the mapping  procedure used  in this atlas.  We made these  presentations at local,
national, and  international seminars and professional meetings.
             Dedicated to the Late John Van Bruggen

who directed the data management activity and who painstakingly collected, verified,
and validated each data entry over a 20 year period. He looked forward to the publication
of these maps.
                                     ix

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                                               Section  1
                                      Introduction and Summary
Introduction
  The reduction in deaths from contagious disease during
the past century and from cardiovascular disease during
the past decade and a half, increase the relative importance
of cancer  mortality. With over 450,000 deaths in 1984,
cancer mortality ranks second only to deaths from heart
disease [1,3,4].  The increase in the  relative importance
of cancer mortality during the past three decades has been
accompanied by an unparalleled growth in urbanization,
industrial expansion, increased use of private automobiles
and other modes of transportation, and growth in chemical
production. There have also been major changes in  life
style and occupation, and many advances in the knowl-
edge,  detection, and  treatment of cancer  [3,5,6,7].
However, the lag time between the inception of the disease
and  the clinical diagnosis  suggests that the relevant
exposure leading to current  cancer deaths may vary from
a very short period of time for some leukemias up to 20
or more years for lung cancer.
  The  geographic distribution of cancer has been used
for various epidemiologic purposes.  U.S.  CANCER
MORTALITY BY COUNTY:   1950 -1969  by Mason and
McKay provided twenty year average ca ncer mortality rates
by county [8]. In this and two companion atlases by Mason
et al., the importance of analyses of county mortality data
is discussed [9,10].
  In U.S.  CANCER MORTALITY  RATES AND  TRENDS,
1950-1979: Volume 1-3 containing tables, not  maps, we
used a strategy  similar to that used by Mason and McKay
for screening county mortality data, but in place of twenty
year averages, we  presented rates by county for each of
the three  decades 1950-59, 1960-69 and 1970-79,  as
well as the trends, defined  as the percent change from
1950-59 to 1970-79 [11].  The above publications have
been most useful in identifying high risk areas, facilitating
correlational analyses to suggest potential risk  areas and
selecting areas for further study [12].
  Recently  NCI published ATLAS  OF U.S.   CANCER
MORTALITY AMONG WHITES:  1950-1980,  by  NCI
Epidemiology and Biostatistics  Program scientists Linda
W. Pickle,  Ph.D., Thomas J. Mason, Ph.D., Robert Hoover,
M.D., and  Joseph  F.  Fraumeni,  Jr., M.D., and by Neil
Howard, ORI, Inc.,  under contract to  NCI. [13].  This atlas
is an  update of an earlier NCI atlas by Mason et al.  [9].
This publication should be even more useful than NCI's
previous atlases by Mason  et al. in generating etiologic
clues and  identifying geographic areas  where cancer
investigators and public health officials might direct special
attention. NCI's  latest atlas not only updates their previous
publications, adding a third decade to the time period,  but
also provides an advancement in the graphic presentation
of quantitative  mortality data over time and  space. By
presenting the  mortality data separately by decade  the
format is similar to that used by us in [11 ].
  The current atlas is very similar to and complements
NCI's with differences reflecting  the difference in  the
mission of the two agencies. NCI is interested in developing
clues to the etiology of cancer and developing strategies
to prevent and/or  cure cancer, while EPA is  interested
in providing information with which  to  protect  the
population from the  harmful effect of  environmental
pollutants. As with the NCI atlas, we hope this atlas will
continue to stimulate research and serve as a tool to better
understand the true cause of cancer.
  This atlas, volume 4 in  our series, which supplements
the county tabulations presented in the first three volumes,
illustrates the geographic patterns of cancer mortality with
maps, for  males and females, whites and non-whites, for
the three  decades  just described.  Changes occurring in
county or SEA ranking between 1950-59 and 1970-79
are also mapped. More common cancers among the white
population are mapped at the county level, while less
common cancers and all non-white cancers are  mapped
at the state economic area (SEA) level.
  Cancer mortality data as arranged in these maps have
many uses. For  example,  the geographic and temporal
differences are  useful  in developing  and  examining
hypotheses about the influence of various environmental
factors. The consistency of such differences across race,
sex and age groups can provide insight into other possible
causes.  For local communities concerned about a specific
cancer situation  these maps provide both a spatial and
temporal  historic  context in which to  evaluate local
conditions.
  Spatial variation of site-specific cancer  mortality at the
county or  state economic  area level can provide insights
into  possible environmental  factors and/or provide the
bases for  more detailed epidemiological  studies, or
environmental monitoring. One complication with such
studies, especially for rare cancer types, is that unstable
local area  rate estimates, resulting  from small population
sizes, can obscure the underlying spatial pattern of disease
risk.  These cancer  maps use more stable rate estimates
by statistically weighting the  local area estimates toward
the national level. Manton et al. presented the  procedure
in a recent journal article [2].
  We used a two-step process to generate the maps. First,
we statistically adjusted the data to stabilize the rates using
an empirical Bayes procedure developed by EPA and the
Duke University Center for Demographic Studies [2,14].
We provide a more detailed  explanation  in Section 2.B.
We then downloaded the data to a microcomputer-based
mapping system that  imaged the  maps,  text, and two
supplemental graphs on a desktop  laser printer. The first
graph presents the frequency distribution of areas by rate
for the rate maps. The second graph presents the national
age specific rates. For the trend maps, the second graph
presents the national rates for each of the three decades.
                                                    xi

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  The continuing improvement and steadily declining cost
of all aspects  of  microcomputer operation,  especially
processing  power,  storage capacity, and graphic output
quality,  have recently provided the means to produce
inexpensive, high quality maps at the county or state
economic area level. Maps such as these should become
even more  important in  the future as a valuable tool in
assessing  spatial  and  temporal  variation in cancer
mortality.

Uses of These Maps
  Mapping  and the analysis of geographic patterns is not
new in epidemiological investigation. John Snow, in his
classic study of 1854, mapped individual cases of a cholera
epidemic in London, revealing a strong circular pattern
centered on the Broad Street water pump. Even though
the epidemic peaked prior to the removal of the pump's
handle,  this  is an important  historic example  of an
epidemiologist analyzing geographic patterns of morbidity
or mortality in the epidemiological investigation  of an
epidemic—be the epidemic from environmental exposure
or from contagious disease.  Many books  on planning
epidemiological studies  include a discussion  of Snow's
studies [15].
  The maps of mortality rates in this volume may be used
for various epidemiologic studies and purposes.  These
maps may be used to identify counties or groups of counties
with high cancer mortality rates,  large shifts  in rank of
areas over time, or both. Investigation into possible causes
can then proceed. Or, approaching the problem from the
other end, the maps may be used to locate counties with
unusual demographic, environmental,  industrial charac-
teristics, or employment patterns and determine whether
they exhibit elevated rates or unusual trends that might
be attributed to these characteristics. Since these maps
are sex specific, it is  possible to  compare the mortality
among  males  and  females.  High rates  in both sexes
suggest a possible relation to environmental exposure or
other factors unrelated  to sex, while high  rates among
men only suggest occupational or other sex-related factors.
This report may be used along  with other  secondary
information such  as data on ambient  environmental
pollution levels, emission data, employment patterns, and
demographic characteristics as part of a systematic cancer
research approach as described by Blot, et al. [12,16].
   Researchers may use this report to identify counties and
groups  of counties for  developing and implementing a
detailed  monitoring program of ambient environmental
pollutants,  or  for performing field work  such as case-
control  studies. Whether the study is an environmental
monitoring or  an epidemiological field study,  this report
provides a  method of screening cancer mortality data to
select areas most  suitable for study. Another  important
use of these maps will be as a graphic reference for the
EPA and other governmental  agencies,  state and local
health departments, universities, and citizens' groups. For
local  communities  concerned  about a  specific cancer
situation, this report provides both a spatial and temporal
historical context in which to evaluate the local condition.
   An EPA publication, THE CANCER MORTALITY ATLAS
DATA MANAGEMENT SYSTEM by Pellom et al., contains
the computer  programs used  to generate the stabilized
rate for the mapping system, their complete docu mentation
and instructions for running the programs. A professional
computer programmer should be able to prepare the data
to be used in generating the maps. These programs will
be  available  from the National Technical Information
Service (NTIS) [17].
  Another EPA publication, THE  CANCER  MORTALITY
ATLAS MAPPING  SYSTEM, by Pellom et al., contains the
computer programs, documentation, and instructions to
run the programs. This publication includes the specifi-
cation  of the  desktop laser printer to generate the maps
[18].
  These programs,  their  documentations, and their
instructions  will provide interested researchers in
epidemiology, biostatistics, geography, demography,  and
related departments  a rapid and  inexpensive means of
generating  maps.  We  hope these maps will  stimulate
additional research into the underlying causes and the
prevention of cancer.
Data Characteristics
  Several characteristics of the cancer  mortality data
mapped here can affect interpretation and should be kept
in mind. These are the accuracy and completeness of the
death certificate information, the  effect  of changes in
classification over time, coding and  population character-
istics, the effects of migration, and the long latency period
for many kinds of cancer.
  Several studies have compared the diagnostic classi-
fication  information on the death certificate to diagnostic
information from other sources  such as hospital records
and  autopsy results  [19,20,21,22]. These studies  have
generally shown the overall agreement between diagnosis
and underlying cause of death to be  very high for the most
frequent causes of mortality. Studies of completeness and
consistency of the demographic  information on the death
certificate have also shown high agreement  [20,22].
Although these results are very encouraging, the user
should be aware of potential limits in interpretation.
  Studies of temporal trends  in cancer mortality require
recognition of possible effects of the decennial revisions
of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) during
the thirty year  span  of our study  [23]. We discuss our
treatment of the comparability issue in Section 3.C. Check
the Cancer Site Comparability Table's footnote  on code
156 ICD 6 and 7, and code  193 ICD 6. We generated
equivalent codes for the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth
editions of the ICD. In Section 3.A, we discuss our method
of establishing  fixed equivalent county boundaries over
the thirty years.
  The rapid development of diagnostic procedures over
the term of  this study has  increased the precision with
which site-specific cancers are identified, but at  the level
of aggregation  used in this  report, diagnostic practice
should have little effect on the results for most sites.
  Population distribution by  age,  sex, and  race affect
cancer  mortality.  In  Section  3.B,  we present  the  U.S.
standard million population for  1970 which we used for
direct age standardization of mortality. Populations differ
for these characteristics not only across county boundaries
but also over time within counties due to migration, births,
deaths and possible changes in competing causes of death
[22,24].  The effect of these changes is complicated for
most types of cancer by the long time between exposure
to a  suspected carcinogen and the appearance  of  the
                                                     xii

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disease. Cause and effect cannot be determined from these
maps without additional data and investigation.
  A final reminder is that these cancer mortality maps
are presented in terms of geographic risk. Our  major
purpose is to examine the spatial and temporal differences
in order to  generate  hypotheses about possible environ-
mental factors. In this respect, this  report differs from
studies concerned with the temporal trends such as Pollack
and Horm [4]. The maps presented in this volume are a
prime  source in documenting geographic  patterns of
cancer rates and trends over the 30 year period. Despite
the constraints on  interpretation  imposed by  the data
characteristics mentioned above and discussed more fully
elsewhere [19-22], we believe these maps can contribute
significantly to many aspects of cancer research.
                                                     xiii

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                                               Section 2

                                        Materials and Methods
A.  Source and Description of Data
    These maps use data from the National Center for
    Health  Statistics  (NCHS) and the Bureau  of  the
    Census.

    1. Death Records:  General Characteristics

       • Years available: We have virtually all cancer
          death records for 1950-1979.

       • International Classification of  Diseases:  We
          used ICD codes from the ninth revision for 1979
          mortality for  our maps  and  the  table of
          contents. NCHS used the ICD adapted for  use
          in the U.S., the ICDA, instead of the unmodified
          ICD  codes from the eighth revision to classify
          and  code the  underlying cause of death for
          1968-1978 [25].  The comparability tables
          follow NCHS practice in the use of the ICD for
          editions 6, 7, and 9, and the ICDA for edition
          8 [25]. We have used ICD in place of ICDA when
          referring to editions in general discussion.

       • Each death record contains the county of
          residence, year and  month  of death,  age in
          years,  race (white or non-white), sex, and  ICD
          rubric. For more detail on death records,  see
          the Technical Appendix from Vital Statistics of
          the United States 1979 and other years [26].

    2. Death  Records: Special Characteristics

       • Mortality data coded for 1952 combined  the
          five  boroughs of New York City. We  used the
          average ratio for 1950, 1951, 1953, and 1954
          to estimate 1952 deaths in each borough [27].

       • New Jersey did not code race in 1962 or 1963
          [28]. F.  W.  McKay of the  National Cancer
          Institute gave us the estimates he used in their
          publications [8,9,10].

       • We  included all cancer deaths during 1972
          even though Vital Statistics of the United States
          1972 used only a fifty percent sample in their
          publication [29].

       • Over the 30 years covered in this report,  the
          International Classification of Disease [ICD] has
          undergone  four revisions: sixth,  seventh,
          eighth, and ninth [23]. We have included a table
          of comparative  ICD codes from each revision.
          Also in the table  codes from  the  sixth and
B.
      seventh revision are grouped together because
      for our purposes they are essentially identical.
      For comparability over the thirty years, we did
      not include Polycythemia Vera or Myelofibrosis
      [ICDA 208,209] since only the eighth edition
      classified these as cancer.

 3.  Population Records

    • Census years:  1950, 1960, 1970, and 1980.

    • Detail:  By county, race, and sex, 5 year age
      groups through 84 and 85+.

    • Population 1950 census:  The 1950 Bureau of
      Census populations for each county, race, and
      sex were for 5 year age groups through 74,
      75-84 and 85+. In  order to make the 1950
      county counts  consistent with 1960,  1970,
      1980  data,  we  used the U.S. race  and sex
      specific counts for age 75-79, and 80-84 from
      the U.S. Bureau of Census 20% enumeration
      sample to estimate the  percent of age 75-84
      who were in the 75-79  age group. Using this
      percentage we estimated the county counts in
      the 75-79  age group and  assigned  the
      remainder to the 80-84 age group.

   • Interpolation between census years:   We used
      simple  linear interpolation between census
      years to generate  mid-year  population
      estimates.

 4. Geographic Detail

   • "County" as  used in these maps refers to a
      county, a parish in Louisiana, an independent
      city, or to a combination of counties as shown
      in the Technical Notes.

   • Through the  years political boundaries have
      changed. Therefore to  keep a consistent
      geographic framework, we adopted a standard
      definition for counties and adjusted the data
      to it. The Technical Notes give details on these
      inconsistencies and their resolution [30].

Statistical Methodology

1. Local Area Mortality Rates and Their Variation

   • We used area in referring to county or SEA
      in the statistical discussion on the generation
      of stabilized rates.
                                                   xiv

-------
• One concern in creating these maps was the
  variability of county cancer death rates accum-
  ulated over a decade. For example, in [14] we
  ranked counties for white male bladder cancers
  by  deciles for each  decade. We found that
  between 1950-59 and 1960-69, 40 counties
  out of 306 shifted from the lowest to the highest
  decile and 38 shifted from the highest to the
  lowest decile. Contrast this with the case for
  lung  cancer for which the corresponding
  numbers are 11 and 9.


• Variability in the mortality  rates  for many
  cancer sites is largely due to the small number
  of deaths involved. The chance occurrence  or
  non-occurrence of a single death can have a
  disproportionate effect on  the rate  for a rare
  disease or for an area with a small population.
  Such statistical instability  makes the identifi-
  cation of "extreme"  rates  difficult and tends
  to conceal patterns by breaking up clusters of
  counties or SEAs  with  similar  rates.  We
  increase the stability of these rate estimates
  by  combining the event rate in  the  local area
  population with information from the event rate
  in the total population [31]. For these reasons,
  our stabilized rates  are generally better risk
  indicators than the observed rates.

• We used a  two-stage empirical Bayes (EB)
  procedure to create  the stabilized (composite)
  rate estimates used for the maps [2,14]. In the
  first  stage  empirical Bayes estimates are
  obtained  from the observed standarized mor-
  tality  ratios (SMRs) by assuming  that the
  number of deaths for each  area i is distributed
  as  a Poisson distribution,  conditional on the
  unobserved true standardized mortality ratio k,.
  The  true standardized motality  ratio ki  is
  assumed to be gamma distributed with mean
  1  and variance b. This leads to the familiar
  negative binomial marginal distribution for the
  number  of  deaths in an  area.  Because the
   Poisson  and the gamma distribution are
  conjugates the empirical Bayes estimates of ki
  are given by:

  k, = Bi(SMRi) + (1-B,)(1)

  a linear combination  of the  observed standard-
  ized  mortality ratio and  the  mean of the
  standardized mortality ratio prior distribution.
  The weight estimates, B>,  depend on  the
  variance  parameter  b which is obtained  by
  maximum likelihood  from the marginal nega-
  tive binomial distribution.  The  second stage
  empirical Bayes estimates  of age and county
  specific death rates are obtained by assuming
  a  model  in  which the true death  rates  for
  individuals are independently gamma distrib-
  uted with (1) mean values which are dependent
  on  both  area i and  age group a [i.e., ki(m.a)]
  and (2) variances that are proportional to mean
  values.
• The empirical Bayes age adjusted death rate
  (EBDRi) for each area is a composite of three
  age  adjusted mortality rates: (1) the direct
  method age adjusted death rate (DMDRi); (2)
  the indirect method age adjusted death rate
  (IMDRi); (3) the national age adjusted death rate
  (NDR).

• The weighting function eq. (1) is:

  EBDRi = W(DMDRi) + (1-W)
                       (1-B,)NDR]
  Where i indexes area, for county i = 1 ,...,3061 ,
  or for SEA  i = 1,...,507. B, is the first  stage
  empirical  Bayes weight which varies  by area
  reflecting the different stability  in rates  for
  areas of  different  sizes. The  second  stage
  empirical  Bayes weight W is  constant over
  areas because it reflects the residual variation
  in age specific death rates after the first stage
  statistical adjustment. This weight depends on
  the  proportionality constant in the  residual
  variance  expression which is obtained by
  maximum  likelihood from the second  stage
  conditional negative binomial distribution.

• We  have  as part of the stabilizing procedure
  a  statistical test  of  the negative binomial
  coefficients to determine whether we have
  sufficient  information in the data for meaning-
  ful maps. This provides  a very high probability
  that none of the maps will be based on random
  data.

• We define:

  yla = the number of deaths in area i, age  group
        a (within any selected category  of race,
        sex,  decade, and site),

  nia = the number of person-years of exposure
        associated with yia,
      = the observed age specific death rate in
        area i, age group a,

   No =  the  number of persons in the standard
        (million) population age  group a  (see
        Section 3.B),


•  In  conventional summation  notation,  we
   replace the index  i or a  with + to denote
   summation over the range of the index. Hence,

   y+a =  Z yia
      =  the  observed number of  deaths  in  the
        national population in age group a,

   n+a = Z no
      = the  number of person-years of exposure
        associated with y+«,

-------
   Vi+ =  Z yia                                    C.
      =  the observed number of deaths in area i,

   n,+ =  Z nia
      =  the number of person-years of exposure
        associated with yi+,


   N+ =  Z Na,
      =  the number of persons in the standard
        (million) population.

•  We use an asterisk to replace the  index i or
   a  in  designating the marginal death rates.
   Hence,

   m,a = y+a / n+a
      = the observed national death rate in age  *
         group a,

   mi. = yi+ / ni+
      = the observed death rate in area i.

•  Using the  above notations, the component
   adjusted mortality indexes are defined as,

   DMDRi = Z mla(Na) / N+,

   NDR  = Z m.a(Na) / N+,

   IMDRi = SMRi(NDR),

   where the observed standardized mortality ratio
   is defined as,

   SMRi = yi+ / Z m,fl(nta).


• The EB-estimate of the "true" death rate in area
   i, age group a,  is obtained as.
                              i) +   (1 -B,)(1 )]
     = W(mia) + (1 -
  where Bi and  W  are  obtained by maximum
  likelihood described above.


• The final empirical Bayes estimate is obtained
  by direct method age adjustment of the set of
  EB-estimates uia,  using Na from the standard
  (million) population,

  EBDRi = Z  uia(Na)  / N+,

  which yields (1).

• For full mathematical details see [2,14] and
  their  references. Also, the  raw data, the
  programs used to stabilize the rates and  to
  prepare the data for the mapping system, and
  a test data  set will be available from National
  Technical Information Service (NTIS) [1 7,1 8].
                                                   The Maps

                                                   1. General Description

                                                      • The maps present statistically stabilized directly
                                                        age adjusted mortality data for 31 site specific
                                                        cancersfor males and females, whites and non-
                                                        whites for the three decades 1950-59, 1960-
                                                        69, and 1970-79.

                                                      • The maps are grouped into sites, sex, and race.
                                                        The four maps comprising each set consist of
                                                        three rate maps, one for each  decade, and a
                                                        trend map displaying  the changes in area rank
                                                        between 1950-59 and 1970-79.

                                                      • The rates can be read as the number of deaths
                                                        per  hundred  thousand.  The  trends  are
                                                        expressed as changes in color code between
                                                        1950-59 and 1970-79.
   • The more common sites  among  the white
     population are mapped at the county level while
     the less common sites  among the white
     population and all sites among the non-white
     population are mapped  at the state economic
     area (SEA) level.

   • The county base map is on page 362 and SEA
     base map is on page 363.

2.  How to read the maps

   • Except for obvious differences between the rate
     and trend  maps, the maps presented in this
     atlas are  identically  organized.  We have
     therefore  decided to   remove what would
     otherwise  be  redundant  labelling and
     document common features of the maps in this
     section.

   • The maps  are grouped  into sets by site, sex,
     and race. The maps comprising each  set are
     organized so that  the rate maps for 1950-59
     and 1960-69 are on facing pages and the rate
     map for 1970-79  and  the trend map are  on
     the following pair of facing pages.

3.  Mortality Rate Maps

   • Percentiles were computed separately for the
     areas in each rate map as:

     pcth = TOO[ri/(n + 1)]

     where

     pctli = percentile for area i in the specified
           decade in ascending order,

     n = rank for area i, when sorted by  rate,

     n = number of ranked areas (3061 counties or
         507 SEAs)
                                            XVI

-------
      For the  rate maps, the data are divided into
      five  classes  based  on  percentiles  and
      represented by a unique gray tone. The class
      intervals in percentiles, and the color assigned
      to each class are
         Class   Percentile
                           Color
          1.

          2.

          3.

          4.

          5.
 0-74
.white
75-89	light gray

90-94	medium gray

95-97	dark gray

98-99	black
    • A graph of the density distribution occupies the
      lower left of the map window. The length  of
      the two color bars are proportional to the value
      range.  The  partitioning of the lower bar and
      the scale beneath it define the classes in terms
      of percentiles. The partitioning of the upper bar
      and the labels beneath it define the actual value
      range of  each class. The small black pointers
      denote the  national rate; one in terms of  its
      numeric value, the other in terms of percentiles.

    • For the rate maps, the lower right of the window
      contains  a graph of the national age-specific
      rates. For the trend maps, this position contains
      a table of the national adjusted rates by decade.

    • Below both  graphs  are two  labels. One
      identifies the disease(s) affecting the site  by
      their ICD (9th  revision)  code(s).  The  other
      identifies the map as by county or  by state
      economic area.

4.  Mortality Trend Maps.

    • The trend maps are based on changes in rank
      of areas between 1950-59 and 1970-79.

    • We define the coding variables as follows:

      C5o = color class for each area 1950-59;
      Cro = color class for each area 1970-79;
      TC =  trend classfor each area ofthetrend map;
      TC =  C?o - Cso

    • The five class intervals for the trend maps and
      the color assigned to each class are:
        Class   TC Class
                          Color
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
-4
-3,-2
-1,0,1
2,3
4
white
light gray
medium gray
dark gray
black
For trend maps the lower left window contains
a table which shows the relationship of  the
trend map color codes to the C50 and C70 color
classes. The medium gray on  the trend maps
indicates little  or no change in area rate
between 1950-59 and 1 970-79. The color black
indicates the maximum increase  in rate
between  1950-59 and 1970-79.  Color white
indicates the maximum  decrease  in rate
between 1950-59 and 1970-79. Hence, darker
colors  on the trend maps indicate  relative
deterioration over time  and  lighter colors
indicate relative improvement.
                                                XVII

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                                               Section 3

                                            Technical Notes
A.  Area Recedes and Combinations of Counties

  Changes in boundaries during the 30 year period made
it necessary to combine counties and cities  to have  a
defined  area which would not change over the period.
When changes in boundaries involve negligible percentage
of the population in the areas, we did not  combine the
areas. Virginia with independent cities located outside and
frequently between counties,  required the  most adjust-
ment. We combined the following areas.

1. Colorado

    a. Denver  includes Arapahoe County.

2. Georgia

    a. Muscogee County includes Chattahoochee County.

3. Montana

    a. Park  County includes the Montana  portion of
      Yellowstone National Park.

4. South Dakota

    a. Dewey  County  includes the former  Armstrong
      County.

    b. Jackson County includes the former Washabaugh
      County.

5. Virginia-Counties

    a. Albemarle County includes Charlottesville.

    b. Allegheny  County includes  Clifton  Forge  and
      Covington.

    c. Arlington County includes the city of  Falls Church.

    d. Augusta County includes the cities of  Staunton and
      Waynesboro.

    e. Bedford County includes Campbell County and the
       cities of Lynchburg and Bedford.

    f. Carroll  County includes Galax City  and Grayson
       County.

    g. Chesterfield County includes the cities of Richmond
       and Colonial Heights.

    h. Dinwiddie County includes Prince George County
       and the cities of Petersburg and Hopewell.
    i. Fairfax County includes the cities of Alexandria and
      Fairfax.

    j. Frederick County includes Winchester City.

    k. Greensville County includes the city of Emporia.

    I. Halifax County includes the city of South Boston.

   m. Henry County includes Martinsville City.

    n. James City County includes York and  New Kent
      Counties,  and  the cities of Williamsburg  and
      Poquoson.

    o. Montgomery County includes Radford City.

    p. Pittsylvania County includes Danville City.

    q. Prince William  County  includes Manassas and
      Manassas Park.

    r. Roanoke  County  includes Roanoke and Salem
      cities.

    s. Rockbridge County includes the cities of Buena
      Vista and Lexington.

    t. Rockingham County includes Harrisonburg City.

    u. Southhampton County includes Franklin City.

    v. Spottsylvania County includes Fredericksburg City.

    w. Washington County includes Bristol City.

    x. Wise County includes Norton City.

6.  Virginia-Cities

    a. Chesapeake includes the counties of Norfolk and
      Princess Anne, and  the cities of Norfolk, Ports-
      mouth, South Norfolk, and Virginia Beach.

    b. Hampton City includes Elizabeth City County.

    c. Newport News City includes Warwick.

    d. Suffolk City includes Nansemond County.

7.  Wisconsin

    a. Menominee County includes Oconto and Schwano
      Counties.
                                                   xviii

-------
 8. Wyoming

    a. Park County includes Teton  County  and the
       Wyoming portion of Yellowstone National Park.

 B.   Standard Million Population

  Population used is the 1970 U.S. population as shown
 below.
                    United States
      Standard Million Population by Age for 1970
Age
Population
All ages	1,000,000

< 5	84,416

  5-9	98,204

10-14	102,304

15-19	93,845

20-24	80,561

25-29	66,320

30-34	56,249

35-39	54,656

40-44	58,958

45-49	59,622

50-54	54,643

55-59	49,077

60-64	42,403

65-69	34,406

70-74	26,789

75-79	18,871

80-84	11,241

85+	7,435

Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census of Population: 1970,
General Population Characteristics, Final Report PC(1)-B


C.   Constructing  Equivalent  Cause  of Death
     Categories Across Years

  The maps in this volume cover 30 years spanning four
editions of the ICD, raising the  problem of comparing
periods when different rules of classification of underlying
cause of death were in effect. We did not want to create
artificially  increased rates by attributing deaths to a  site
specific cancer solely because of a change in classification
rules.  To  avoid  this potential  artifact, we  developed
comparability codes for translation  between the 6th, 7th,
8th,  and  9th edition (revision)  of  the  International
Classification of Diseases (see table below).
  Several authors have attempted to create equivalencies
between editions of the ICD [32,33]. The National Center
for Health Statistics conducted the most intensive studies
to test comparability by generating comparability ratios.
However, for some cancer sites no absolute equivalence
can ever be achieved. At the  level of aggregation we are
using, this should present few problems since whatever
effects remain should apply equally to all counties.
However, users of these maps should keep in mind the
potential problems relating to coding in equivalencies.
                          Cancer Site Comparability Table
Cancer Site
Oral cavity incl.
tongue
Nasopharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Large intestine
Rectum
Liver & gall
bladder
including
bile ducts
Pancreas
Larynx
Trachea,
bronchus &
lung, incl.
pleura & other
resp. sites
Bone
including
jaw
Connective
and soft
tissue
Malignant
melanoma of
skin
Non-melanoma
skin cancer
Breast
Cervix uteri
ICD 9
141,143-146,
148,149
147
150
151
153,159.0
1 54 except
154.3
155,156
157
161
162,163,165
170
164.1,171
172
173,154.3
174,175
180
ICDA8
141,143-146,
148,149
147
150
151
153
154
155,156,
197.8
157
161
162,163.0,
163.9
170
171,192.4,
192.5
172
1 73 except
173.5
174
180
ICD 6 & 7
141,143-146,
147,148
147
150
151
153
154
155*
157
161
162,163
196
197,193.3
193.4"
190
191
170
171
                                                   xix

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             Cancer Site Comparability Table

Cancer Site     (CD 9        ICDA8        ICD 6* & 7
Chorion, uterus  179,181,182
& uterus not
otherwise
specified

Ovary, fallopian  183
tube & broad
ligament
Prostate

Bladder &
other urinary
organs
185

188,189.3
181,182




183



185

188,189.9
172,173,174




175



177

181
Kidney & ureter
Brain & other
parts of the
nervous
system
Thyroid
gland
Lymphosarcoma
& reticulum
cell sarcoma
including other
lymphoma
Hodgkin's
disease
Multiple
myeloma
Leukemias
Secondary, site
unspecified &
not previously
listed cancers
1 89 except
189.3
191,192
193
159.1,200,
202.0,.!,. 8, .9
201
203 except
203.1
204-208,
202.4,203.1
152,158,
159.2-.9,
164.2-.9.184,
187,195-199,
202. 2, .3, .5, .6
189.0,189.1,
189.2
191,192
except 1 92.4,
192.5
193
200,202
201
203
204-207
152,158,159,
163.1,173.5,
184,187,195,
196.197.0-.7,
197.9,198,199
180
1 93 except
193.3,193.4**
194
200,202,205
201
203
204
152,156,158,
159,164,165,
176,179,198,
199
All cancers
              140-208
                           140-207
                          140-205
 *Code 156, ICD 6 and  7 secondary and unspecified cancers
  cannot be separated. For this reason, death rates for  1950-
  59 and 1970-79 are not comparable and the comparison should
  not be made.
"Code 193, ICD 6 cannot be subdivided. For this reason, deaths
  from  malignant neoplasm of the brain and other parts  of the
  nervous system for the years 1950-1957 contain deaths from
  malignant neoplasm of peripheral nerves  and  sympathetic
  nervous system.
 References
    1.   National Center for Health Statistics: Advance
        report of final mortality statistics,  1984. Monthly
        Vital  Statistics Report, Vol. 35, No. 6, Supp.(2).
        DHHS Pub.  No. (PHS) 86-1120. Public  Health
        Service. Hyattsville, MD Sept. 26, 1986.
 2.  Manton, K. G., E. Stallard, M. A. Woodbury, J. P.
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 3.  Toxic Substances  Strategy  Committee, Toxic
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 4.  Pollack, E. S. and J. W. Horm. Trends in Cancer
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 5.  Schottenfeld, D. and J. F. Haas. Carcinogens in
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 7.  Cederlof,  R., R. Doll,  B.  Fowler, L.   Friberg,  N.
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 8.  Mason, T. J.  and F. W.  McKay. U.S. CANCER
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 9.  Mason, T. J., F. W. McKay, R. Hoover, W. T. Blot,
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10.  Mason, T. J., F. W. McKay, R. Hoover, W. T. Blot,
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11.  Riggan, W.  B., J. Van Bruggen, J.  F. Acquavella,
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12.  Blot,  W. J., J. F. Fraumeni, Jr., T. J.  Mason, and
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13.  Pickle, L. J., T. J. Mason, N.  Howard, R.  Hoover,
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14.  Manton, K. G., E.  Stallard, M. A. Woodbury, W.
     B. Riggan, J.  P.  Creason, and T.  J.  Mason.
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15.  MacMahon, B., T. F. Pugh, and J. Ipsen. Epide-
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     Boston,  MA,  and other similar  text  books on
     methods.

16.  Blot, W. J., B. J. Stone, J. F. Fraumeni,  Jr., and
     L. E. Morris. Cancer Mortality in U.S. Counties with
     Shipyard Industries During World War II. Environ.
     Res.  18:281-290,1979.

17.  Pellom, A. C. and E. Stallard. The Cancer Mortality
     Atlas Data Management System.  EPA publication
     available from the  National Technical Information
     Service (in preparation).

18.  Pellom, A. C., G. F. Woodbury,  and S. Woodbury.
     The Cancer Mortality Atlas Mapping System. EPA
     publication available from the National Technical
     Information Service (in preparation).

19.  Percy, C.,  E. Stanek, and L. Gloeckler. Accuracy
     of Cancer Death  Certificates  and Its  Effect  on
     Cancer Mortality Statistics. Amer. J. Public Health,
     71,3:242-250, 1981.

20.  Marcus, S. C. Some Limitations  in the Use of
     Cancer Mortality Data in Epidemiological Studies.
     PROCEEDINGS OF THE 71st ANNUAL MEETING
     OF THE AIR POLLUTION  CONTROL ASSOCIA-
     TION, paper 78-6.2:1-12, 1978.

21.  Glasser, J. H. The Quality and Utility of Death
     Certificate Data. Amer. J. Public Health (editorial),
     71,3:231-233, 1981.

22.  Myers, G. C., and K. G. Manton. Accuracy of Death
     Certification. SOCIAL STATISTICS PROCEEDINGS
     OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION,
     321-325,  1983.

23.  World Health Organization. International Classi-
     fication of Diseases, fifth,  sixth, seventh, eighth,
     and ninth  revision. Geneva, 1940, 1953, 1957,
     1967, 1978.
      (PHS) 84-1101, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington,
      DC., 1984.

  27.  U.S.  Department of Health, Education, and
      Welfare. VITAL  STATISTICS OF  THE  UNITED
      STATES, 1952, Volume  II - Mortality Data, U.S.
      Govt. Print. Off., Washington, DC., 1955. (See page
      418 table 54 footnote 1.)

  28.  U.S.  Department of Health, Education, and
      Welfare. VITAL  STATISTICS OF  THE  UNITED
      STATES, 1962, Volume II -Mortality Part A, U.S.
      Govt. Print.  Off.,  Washington, DC., 1964. (See
      Section 6 page 6-9.)

  29.  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
      VITAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1972,
      Volume II  - Mortality, Part A. DHHS Publication
      (HRA) 76-1101, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., Washington,
      DC., 1976 (see Technical Appendix.)

* 30.  U.S. Bureau  of Census, Census of population:
      1960, Final Report PC(1)-A, and reports for 1970
      and 1980 on the number of inhabitants, (Footnote
      in table - Population and Land Area of Counties).

  31.  Manton, K. G. and E. Stallard. Methods for the
      analysis of mortality  risk across heterogeneous
      small populations: Examination of space-time
      gradients  in  cancer  mortality in  NC counties.
      Demography,  18:217-230, 1981.

  32.  Klebba, A. J. and J. H.  Scott. Estimates of Selected
      Comparability Ratios Based on Dual Coding of the
      1976 Death Certificates by the Eighth and Ninth
      Revisions  of  the  International  Classification  of
      Diseases.  National Center of Health Statistics
      MONTHLY VITAL  STATISTICS REPORT,  28, 11,
      February 29, 1980 (supplement).

  33.  Nectoux, J.  Comparison of the  7th and 8th
      Revisions of the ICD  and Tables of Equivalence
      in chapter IV of  CANCER INCIDENCE  IN FIVE
      CONTINENTS, Volume  III.  J. Waterhouse,  P.
      Correa, C. Muir, and  J. Powell, editors.  Agency
      for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 25-38, 1976.
24.  Polissar, L.  The  Effect of Migration  on the
     Comparison  of Disease Rates  in  Geographic
     Studies in the United States. Amer. J. Epidemiol.,
     111:175-182,1980.

25.  U.S.  Department of Health, Education,  and
     Welfare. International Classification of Diseases
     adapted  for  use in  the United  States, eighth
     revision, PHS publication 1693, 1967.

26.  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
     VITAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES, 1979,
     Volume  II - Mortality, Part A. DHHS Publication

-------

-------
U.S. CANCER MORTALITY
  RATES AND TRENDS
      1950-1979

    Volume IV: Maps

-------
                              All Cancers Combined
                              White Males: 1950 - 1959
50   60  70   80   90  100
ICD code(s): 140-208
by county

-------
All Cancers Combined
White Males: 1960 -1969
10   20  30  40   50   60  70   80   90  100
             ICD code(s): 140-208
             by county

-------
                                                  All Cancers Combined
                                                  White Males: 1970 - 1979
0   10  20   30   40   50  60  70   80   90  100
ICD code(s): 140-208
by county

-------
  All Cancers Combined
White Males: Relative Change
                          1960-69:  190.0
                          1970-79:  204.1
              ICD code(s): 140-208
              by county

-------
                                                 All Cancers Combined
                                                White Females: 1950 - 1959
0  10   20   30  40  50   60   70  80   90  100
                                                             ICD code(s): 140-208
                                                             by county

-------
                                             All Cancers Combined
                                            White Females: 1960 -1969
10   20  30  40   50  60  70   80  90   100
ICD code(s): 140-208
by county

-------
                                                       All Cancers Combined
                                                      White Females: 1970 -1979
oo
                                                                   ICD code(s): 140-208
                                                                   by county

-------
   o •$•% •%• *,,  1970-79
     •WVV-%
                                    All Cancers Combined
                                  White Females: Relative Change
rJf!^^4*  vfc^s
XP^/y*.   3?\ - Si tl. '&?'
 Nadonal Rates
1950-59:   141.6
1960-69:   132.4
1970-79:   131.7
                                                ICD code(s): 140-208
                                                by county

-------
 All Cancers Combined
Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
              ICD code(s): 140-208
              by state economic area

-------
 All Cancers Combined
Nonwhite Males: 1960 - 1969
              ICD code(s): 140-208
              by state economic area

-------
 All Cancers Combined
Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
0   10  20  30   40   50   60  70  80   90  100
               ICD code(s): 140-208
               by state economic area

-------
                                            All Cancers Combined
                                        Non white Males: Relative Change
>> '"•; W\sMiX '.   fc.s   JWrr-f *  Wff'  '**»?
      '•V'WV-%
 National Rates
1950 - 59:  166.3
1960-69:  209.5
1970-79:  231.6
                                                          ICD code(s): 140-208
                                                          by state economic area

-------
  All Cancers Combined
Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
               ICD code(s): 140-208
               by state economic area

-------
                                              All Cancers Combined
                                           Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
10   20   30  40   50   60  70  80   90  100
                                                           ICD code(s): 140-208
                                                           by state economic area

-------
                 All Cancers Combined
               Nonwhite Females: 1970-1979
80  90  100
ICD code(s): 140-208
by state economic area

-------
     All Cancers Combined
Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                National Rates
                                1950 - 59:  142.9
                                1960-69:  142.3
                                1970-79:  133.1
                   ICD code(s): 140-208
                   by state economic area

-------
00
                                                                  Cancer of the Lip
                                                               White Males: 1950 -1959
              10   20   30   40   50  60  70  80  90  100
ICD code(s): 140
by state economic area

-------
                                                          Cancer of the Lip
                                                       White Males: 1960 -1969
0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90
                                                                   ICD code(s): 140
                                                                   by state economic area

-------
   Cancer of the Lip
White Males: 1970-1979
              ICD code(s): 140
              by state economic area

-------
     Cancer of the Lip
White Males: Relative Change

                             National Rates
                            1950-59:  0.5
                            1960-69:  0.2
                            1970-79:  0.2
               ICD code(s): 140
               by state economic area

-------
to
to
                                                 Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue

                                                            White Males: 1950 -1959
                 20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
          0   10
ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149

by state economic area

-------
                                                 Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
                                                             White Males: 1960 - 1969
to
         0   10   20   30   40  50  60   70   80   90   100
ICDcode(s): 141,143-146,148,149
by state economic area

-------
                                   Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
                                               White Males: 1970 -1979
10   20   30   40  50  60  70   80   90  100
ICDcode(s): 141,143-146,148,149
by state economic area

-------
to
                                                Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
                                                          White Males: Relative Change
                   Ml
fe*>V .&:l, 1^1c
                                                                                     National Rates
                                                                                     1950-59:  4.8
                                                                                     1960-69:  4.8
                                                                                     1970 - 79:  4.6
                                                                         ICDcode(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                                                                         by state economic area

-------
to
                                                Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
                                                           White Females: 1950 - 1959
         0   10   20   30  40  50  60   70
                                            90  100
                                                                         ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                                                                         by state economic area

-------
                                               Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue

                                                         White Females: 1960 -1969
to
-4
                                           90
ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149

by state economic area

-------
to
(X
                                                  Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue

                                                             White Females: 1970 -1979
L-I--I J i i i i i i I i i i i I i i i i 1 i i i i I i i t_ i _ t i i i i I i i i i i i i i i I i t i i i

0   10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90  100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149

                                                                           by state economic area

-------
                        Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
                                 White Females: Relative Change
o >r % •%• %  1970 - 79
 WVV-%
                                                             l%0-69:   1.2
                                                             1970-79:   1.5
                                                 ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                                                 by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
          Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
                        ICDcode(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                        by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
          Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
                        ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                        by state economic area

-------
                                        Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
                                                  Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
  ••4
^ N^> X
L
0   10  20  30  40   50   60   70   80   90  100
                                                                         •*> * % tr-fe •$• % <&"?> -5- « «•
                                                                          '''
                                                                ICDcode(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                                                                by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
        Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                                      National Rates
                                      1950-59:   4.1
                                      1960-69:   5.4
                                      1970 - 79:   6.5
                         ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                         by state economic area

-------
                                      Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
                                               Nonwhite Females: 1950-1959
0   10  20   30   40
                                                             ICDcode(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                                                             by sute economic area

-------
Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
         Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
                        ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                        by state economic area

-------
OJ
                                                Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
                                                         Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
         0   10   20   30  40  SO   60   70
                                           90  100
ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149
by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Oral Cavity including Tongue
       Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                       National Rates
                                      1950-59:   1.3
                                      1960-69:   1.4
                                      1970-79:   1.7
                          ICD code(s): 141,143-146,148,149
                          by state economic area

-------
                                                       Cancer of the Nasopharynx
                                                          White Males: 1950 - 1959
OO
50   60  70   80   90  100
                                                                       ICD code(s): 147
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
                                                Cancer of the Nasopharynx
                                                   White Males: 1960 -1969
0    10  20   30   40   50  60   70
                                  90  100
                                                               ICDcode(s): 147
                                                               by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Nasopharynx
  White Males: 1970 -1979
               ICD code(s): 147
               by state economic area

-------
                                  Cancer of the Nasopharynx
                                   White Males: Relative Change
o *• *b * *f  1970 - 79
 WVV-%
                                                              1960-69:  0.4
                                                              1970-79:  0.4
                                                 ICD code(s): 147
                                                 by state economic area

-------
to
                                                            Cancer of the Nasopharynx
                                                             Nonwhite Males: 1950 - 1959
                                                                              < -fo   i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i i i i i i I i > i i i i i i i I i i i i I i i i
0    10  20   30   40   50   60   70  80   90   100
                                                                            ICD code(s): 147
                                                                            by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Nasopharynx
 Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
              ICD code(s): 147
              by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Nasopharynx
 Nonwhite Males: 1970 - 1979
I I I I I I I I I I I I I ' ' I	I I I I I I r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
0   10  20   30   40  50  60   70  80  90   100
                ICD code(s): 147
                by state economic area

-------
 Cancer of the Nasopharynx
Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                             National Rates
                            1950-59:   0.5
                            1960-69:   0.6
                            1970-79:   0.6
                ICD code(s): 147
                by state economic area

-------
                                             Cancer of the Esophagus
                                              White Males: 1950 -1959
10   20   30  40  50   60   70   80  90  100
ICD code(s): 150
by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Esophagus
 White Males: 1960 -1969
80   90  100
               ICDcode(s):150
               by state economic area

-------
                                                        Cancer of the Esophagus
                                                         White Males: 1970 -1979
oo
                                                                     ICD code(s): 150
                                                                     by sute economic area

-------
 Cancer of the Esophagus
White Males: Relative Change
                           1960 - 69:   4.3
                           1970-79:   4.4
               ICD code(s): 150
               by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Esophagus
White Females: 1950 -1959
              ICD code(s): 150
              by state economic area

-------
                                           Cancer of the Esophagus
                                           White Females: 1960 -1969
                \rv<* \
^
0  10   20  30  40   SO  60  70   80  90  100
                                                                   V*•*•"•»'*'* -V * *
                      ICDcode(s):150
                      by state economic area

-------
                              Cancer of the Esophagus
                              White Females: 1970 -1979
'•*   'VV*
0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90  100
                                                        %'&•*-&•%<&•* •&•«•&•
                                            ICD code(s): 150
                                            by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Esophagus
White Females: Relative Change
                             National Rates
                            1950-59:   1.1
                            1960-69:   1.1
                            1970-79:   1.2
                ICD code(s): 150
                by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Esophagus
Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
             ICD code(s): 150
             by state economic area

-------
                                             Cancer of the Esophagus
                                             Nonwhite Males: 1960 - 1969
10   20   30  40  50   60   70  80  90   100
                                                           ICD code(s): 150
                                                           by state economic area

-------
                                                         Cancer of the Esophagus
                                                        Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
Ul
                                                                     ICD code(s): 150
                                                                     by state economic area

-------
   Cancer of the Esophagus
Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                               National Rates
                              1950 - 59:   8.0
                              1960 - 69:   10.9
                              1970-79:   12.3
                  ICDcode(s):150
                  by state economic area

-------
00
                                                          Cancer of the Esophagus
                                                         Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
             10   20  30  40   SO   60   70  80  90   100
ICD code(s): 150
by state economic area

-------
Ol
                                                        Cancer of the Esophagus
                                                       Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
                                      80   90  100
ICD code(s): 150
by state economic area

-------
 Cancer of the Esophagus
Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
               ICD code(s): 150
               by slate economic area

-------
   Cancer of the Esophagus
Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                             1960-69:   2.5
                             1970-79:   3.0
                 ICD code(s): 150
                 by state economic area

-------
                                                       Cancer of the Stomach
                                                       White Males: 1950 -1959
o\
NJ
                                                                   ICDcode(s):151
                                                                   by county

-------
Cancer of the Stomach
White Males: 1960 -1969
10   20  30  40   50   60   70  80   90   100
             ICDcode(s):151
             by county

-------
                                             Cancer of the Stomach
                                             White Males: 1970 - 1979
10   20  30  40   SO   60  70   80   90  100
                                                          ICD code(s): 151
                                                          by county

-------
  Cancer of the Stomach
White Males: Relative Change
                           1960 - 69:  13.2
                           1970-79:  9.0
               ICDcode(s):151
               by county

-------
OS
OS
                                                          Cancer of the Stomach

                                                         White Females: 1950 -1959
             10  20  30   40   50  60  70   80   90  100
ICD code(s): 151

by county

-------
                                            Cancer of the Stomach
                                           White Females: 1960 -1969
10
    20  30  40   50   60  70   80   90  100
ICD code(s): 151
by county

-------
                                                       Cancer of the Stomach
                                                      White Females: 1970 - 1979
ON
00
                                                                   ICDcode(s):151
                                                                   by county

-------
                        Cancer of the Stomach
                     White Females: Relative Change
-;.A^
                                                  National Rates
                                                 1950 - 59:  10.7
                                                 1960-69:  6.7
                                                 1970-79:  4.3
                                     IC0code(s): 151
                                     by county

-------
 Cancer of the Stomach
Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
              ICD code(s): 151
              by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Stomach
Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
             ICDcode(s):151
             by state economic area

-------
                                                         Cancer of the Stomach
                                                        Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
to
                                                                     ICD code(s): 151
                                                                     by state economic area

-------
                                       Cancer of the Stomach
                                    Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
•                                   •  LVSa*
                                                                National Rates
                                                                1950 - 59:  28.0
                                                                1960-69:  23.1
                                                                1970-79:  15.8
                                                     ICD code(s): 151
                                                     by state economic area

-------
•-J
-p..
                                                            Cancer of the Stomach

                                                          Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
         0   10   20   30   40   50  60  70   80   90  100
ICD code(s): 151

by state economic area

-------
                                              Cancer of the Stomach
                                           Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
10   20   30  40   50   60  70  80   90   100
ICD code(s): 151
by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Stomach
Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
               ICD code(s): 151
               by state ecpnomic area

-------
-0
-J
                                                              Cancer of the Stomach
                                                         Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                                                                         National Rates
                                                                                        1950-59:  13.2
                                                                                        1960-69:  10.0
                                                                                        1970-79:  6.9
                                                                            ICD code(s): 151
                                                                            by state economic area

-------
00
                                                          Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                             White Males: 1950 -1959
10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 153,159.0
                                                                           by county

-------
                                            Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                White Males: 1960 -1969
10   20   30   40   50  60  70  80   90   100
                                                             ICD code(s): 153,159.0
                                                             by county

-------
                                                        Cancer of the Large Intestine

                                                           White Males: 1970 -1979
00
o
                                                                       ICD code(s): 153,159.0

                                                                       by county

-------
00
                                                             Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                               White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                             National Rates
                                                                                            1950-59:   17.1
                                                                                            1960 - 69:   18.3
                                                                                            1970-79:   20.0
                                                                               ICD code(s): 153,159.0
                                                                               by county

-------
                                                          Cancer of the Large Intestine

                                                            White Females: 1950 -1959
oo
to
             10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90  100
ICDcode(s): 153,159.0

by county

-------
00
                                                         Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                           White Females: 1960 -1969
0   10   20   30  40  50   60   70   80   90  100
                                                                           ICDcode(s): 153,159.0
                                                                           by county

-------
                                                          Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                            White Females: 1970 -1979
oo
         0   10   20   30   40   50  60  70  80   90   100
                                                                          ICD code(s): 153,159.0
                                                                          by county

-------
00
Ul
                                                           Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                           White Females: Relative Change
                                                                                          National Rates
                                                                                         1950-59:  18.0
                                                                                         1960-69:  17.1
                                                                                         1970-79:  16.4
                                                                             ICDcode(s): 153,159.0
                                                                             by county

-------
oo
                                                               Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                                 Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
                                                                                          '•*'•*•'•*'*'»'•*•'*'*'*'•>'*'**
              10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90   100
                                                                                ICDcode(s): 153,159.0
                                                                                by state economic area

-------
00
-J
                                                          Cancer of the Large Intestine

                                                            Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 153,159.0

                                                                           by state economic area

-------
oo
00
                                                           Cancer of the Large Intestine

                                                             Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
             10   20  30  40   SO   60  70  80  90  100
                                                                            ICD code(s): 153,159.0

                                                                            by state economic area

-------
oo
                                                              Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                             Non white Males: Relative Change
                                                                                             National Rates
                                                                                             1950 - 59:   10.8
                                                                                             1960 - 69:   14.0
                                                                                             1970-79:   16.2
                                                                                ICDcode(s): 153,159.0
                                                                                by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Large Intestine
 Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
                ICD code(s): 153,159.0
                by state economic area

-------
                                           Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                            Nonwhite Females: 1960-1969
                      w^
                                                                       -;              „
                                                                       'V-4 >%•*•%•-5> 
-------
                                                          Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                                           Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
to
0   10   20   30  40  50  60  70   80   90   100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 153,159.0
                                                                           by state economic area

-------
VO
OJ
                                             Cancer of the Large Intestine
                                            Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
               ^SSir* W ? ^m^-^zasmFWm*
                            -i- • W ^^fip^P
               ,t*J- ^'x.tTflv •.,
                  s^ M*,v«*iL*': "  '-^/feJ>'  - >*&

                                                                     National Rates
                                                                     1950 - 59:  12.0
                                                                     1960-69:  14.1
                                                                     1970 - 79:  14.9
                                                           ICD code(s): 153,159.0
                                                           by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Rectum
White Males: 1950 -1959
            ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
            by county

-------
vo
                                                              Cancer of the Rectum
                                                             White Males: 1960 -1969
             10   20   30   40   SO   60   70   80  90  100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                                                                           by county

-------
                                                           Cancer of the Rectum
                                                           White Males: 1970 - 1979
ON
                                                                       ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                                                                       by county

-------
   Cancer of the Rectum
White Males: Relative Change
                           1960 - 69:   7.5
                           1970-79:   5.8

               ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
               by county

-------
00
                                                              Cancer of the Rectum
                                                             White Females: 1950 -1959
             10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90  100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                                                                           by county

-------
 Cancer of the Rectum
White Females: 1960 -1969
70   80   90  100
               ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
               by county

-------
                  Cancer of die Rectum
                 White Females: 1970 - 1979
90   100
                             ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                             by county

-------
    Cancer of the Rectum
White Females: Relative Change
                              1960 - 69:  4.6
                              1970-79:  3.4


                  ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                  by county

-------
                                                 Cancer of the Rectum
                                               Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Rectum
Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
               ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
               by state economic area

-------
                                                      Cancer of the Rectum
                                                    Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90  100
                                                                  ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                                                                  by state economic area

-------
    Cancer of the Rectum
Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                                 National Rates
                                 1950 - 59:   6.1
                                 1960-69:   5.8
                                 1970-79:   5.0


                    ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                    by state economic area

-------
                                                 Cancer of the Rectum
                                              Nonwhite Females: 1950 - 1959
10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
                                                             ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                                                             by sute economic area

-------
   Cancer of the Rectum
Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
0   10   20   30   40   50  60  70  80  90   100
                ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                by state economic area

-------
                                                           Cancer of the Rectum

                                                        Nonwhite Females:  1970 -1979
o
oo
                                                                       ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)


                                                                       by state economic area

-------
      Cancer of the Rectum
Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                 National Rates
                                1950-59:   5.1
                                1960 - 69:   4.3
                                1970-79:   3.2
                   ICD code(s): 154 (except 154.3)
                   by state economic area

-------
                               Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts

                                                  White Males: 1950 -1959
L
                                                                        * % t»-«>-a-«<&-&-a-« «•
                                                                         '"''
0   10  20   30   40   SO  60  70   80   98  100
                                                              ICD code(s): 155,156

                                                              by county

-------
Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                 White Males: 1960 -1969
                              ICDcode(s):155,156
                              by county

-------
                           Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                                             White Males: 1970 -1979
10   20  30   40   50  60  70   80  90   100
ICD code(s): 155,156
by county

-------
Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                White Males: Relative Change
                                          1960 - 69:   3.7
                                          1970 - 79:   4.6
                               ICDcode(s):155,156
                               by county

-------
Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                White Females: 1950 -1959
SO   60  70   80  90   100
                             ICDcode(s): 155,156
                             by county

-------
                          Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                                           White Females: 1960 -1969
10   20  30   40   SO  60   70  80   90  100
ICD code(s): 155,156
by county

-------
                               Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                                                White Females: 1970 -1979
0  10   20   30  40   50   60  70   80  90  100
                                                            ICD code(s): 155,156
                                                            by county

-------
Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                White Females: Relative Change
                                            National Rates
                                            1950-59:   4.2
                                            1960-69:   3.9
                                            1970 - 79:   3.8
                                ICD code(s): 155,156
                                by county

-------
                                        Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                                                        Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
00
10   20  30  40   50   60  70   80   90  100
                                                                       ICD code(s): 155,156
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                 Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
	11 I I I	.III.	I I 11 I 11 I I I I
0    10  20  30   40   SO  60   70   80  90  100
                                ICD code(s): 155,156
                                by state economic area

-------
                                Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                                                Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
0   10  20   30   40   50  60   70   80  90   100
                                                              ICDcode(s):155,156
                                                              by stale economic area

-------
Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
               Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                                             National Rates
                                            1950 - 59:  3.0
                                            1960-69:  5.1
                                            1970-79:  6.9
                                 ICD code(s): 155,156
                                 by state economic area

-------
                                       Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                                                      Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
to
                                                                    ICDcode(s): 155,156
                                                                    by state economic area

-------
N)
                                       Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
                                                       Nonwhite Females: 1960 - 1969
         0  10   20   30   40  50   60   70
                                          90  100
ICD code(s): 155,156
by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
               Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
                             ICDcode(s):155,156
                             by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Liver and Gallbladder including Bile Ducts
              Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                             National Rates
                                            1950 - 59:   2.4
                                            1960-69:   3.1
                                            1970 - 79:   3.7
                                 ICD code(s): 155,156
                                 by state economic area

-------
to
                                                            Cancer of the Pancreas
                                                            White Males: 1950 -1959
             10   20   30  40  50  60   70   80   90  100
ICDcode(s):157
by county

-------
N>
-J
                                                            Cancer of the Pancreas

                                                            White Males: 1960 -1969
          0   10  20  30  40   50   60   70   80  90  100
ICD code(s): 157

by county

-------
S)
oo
                                                            Cancer of the Pancreas

                                                            White Males: 1970 - 1979
         0   10   20   30   40   50   60  70   80   90   100
ICD code(s): 157

by county

-------
  Cancer of the Pancreas
White Males: Relative Change
                             National Rates
                             1950 - 59:   9.3
                             1960 - 69:   10.9
                             1970-79:   10.9
                ICDcode(s):157
                by county

-------
 Cancer of the Pancreas
White Females: 1950 -1959
0   102030405060708090100
              ICDcode(s):157
              by county

-------
                                                 Cancer of the Pancreas
                                                White Females: 1960 -1969
0    10  20  30   40   50  60  70   80   90  100
ICD code(s): 157
by county

-------
                                                  Cancer of the Pancreas
                                                  White Females: 1970 - 1979
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I	I . I I I I I . I I I I I I I I
0   10  20  30   40  50  60  70  80  90  100
                                                               ICD code(s): 157
                                                               by county

-------
   Cancer of the Pancreas
White Females: Relative Change

                              National Rates
                              1950 - 59:  5.9
                              1960 - 69:  6.5
                              1970-79:  6.7
                  ICDcode(s):157
                  by county

-------
                                           Cancer of the Pancreas
                                          Nonwhite Males: 1950 - 1959
20   30   40  50  60   70   80   90
                                                       ICD code(s): 157
                                                       by sute economic area

-------
                                                          Cancer of the Pancreas
                                                        Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
LO
                                                                       ICD code(s): 157
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
 Cancer of the Pancreas
Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
             ICD code(s): 157
             by state economic area

-------
    Cancer of the Pancreas
Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                                 National Rates
                                1950 - 59:   8.6
                                1960-69:   11.9
                                1970-79:   11.8
                   ICD code(s): 157
                   by state economic area

-------
                                                          Cancer of the Pancreas
                                                       Nonwhite Females:  1950 -1959
00
                                                                      ICD code(s): 157
                                                                      by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Pancreas
Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
                ICD code(s): 157
                by state economic area

-------
                                                    Cancer of the Pancreas
                                                 Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
0   10   20   30  40  50  60   70   80   90  100
                                                                 ICD code(s): 157
                                                                 by state economic area

-------
     Cancer of the Pancreas
Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                National Rates
                               1950-59:   5.2
                               1960-69:   7.2
                               1970-79:   7.7
                   ICD code(s): 157
                   by state economic area

-------
                                                            Cancer of the Larynx
                                                           White Males: 1950 -1959
to
                                                                        ICDcode(s):161
                                                                        by state economic area

-------
                                                              Cancer of the Larynx
                                                             White Males: 1960 -1969
UJ
              10   20   30   40   SO  60  70  80   90   100
ICD code(s): 161
by state economic area

-------
                                                 Cancer of the Larynx
                                                 White Males: 1970 - 1979
10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
                                                             ICD code(s): 161
                                                             by state economic area

-------
   Cancer of the Larynx
White Males: Relative Change
                            1960-69:   2.7
                            1970-79:   2.7
                ICD code(s): 161
                by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Larynx
White Females: 1950 -1959
             ICD code(s): 161
             by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Larynx
White Females: 1960 -1969
              ICD code(s): 161
              by state economic area

-------
                                                           Cancer of the Larynx
                                                          White Females: 1970 -1979
00
                                                                       ICD code(s): 161
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
    Cancer of the Larynx
White Females: Relative Change
                            1960-69:   0.3
                            1970-79:   0.4
                ICD code(s): 161
                by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Larynx
Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
              ICDcode(s):161
              by state economic area

-------
  Cancer of the Larynx
Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
              ICD code(s): 161
              by sute economic area

-------
                                                           Cancer of the Larynx
                                                         Nonwhite Males: 1970 - 1979
K>
                                                                      ICD code(s): 161
                                                                      by state economic area

-------
     Cancer of the Larynx
Non white Males: Relative Change
                             1960-69:  3.1
                             1970-79:  3.7
                 ICD code(s): 161
                 by state economic area

-------
               Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                               White Males: 1950 -1959
0  10   20   30  40   50  60   70  80   90  100
                                                           ICD code(s): 162,163,165
                                                           by county

-------
              Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                              White Males: 1960-1969
0  102030405060708090100
ICD code(s): 162,163,165
by county

-------
               Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                                White Males: 1970 - 1979
0  10   20  30  40   50  60   70  80   90  100
                                                           ICDcode(s): 162,163,165
                                                           by county

-------
Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                               White Males: Relative Change
                                                         1960-69:  46.8
                                                         1970-79:  64.0
                                              ICD code(s): 162,163,165
                                              by county

-------
                       Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                                       White Females: 1950 -1959
OO
         I 111 111 111 11 I I 11111 I	I	
        0  10  20   30  40   50  60  70   80  90  100
                                                                   ICDcode(s): 162,163,165
                                                                   by county

-------
Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                 White Females: 1960 -1969
                                                           %> tr *-0-,
                                                         ',$.'•*' V »'•*•'*'*•' *" -V' *'V
0   10  20   30   40  50   60   70  80   90   100
                                                ICDcode(s): 162,163,165
                                                by county

-------
Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                               White Females: 1970 - 1979
                                           ICD code(s): 162,163,165
                                           by county

-------
Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                               White Females: Relative Change
                                                           National Rates
                                                          1950-59:   5.1
                                                          1960 - 69:   7.6
                                                          1970-79:   15.3
                                               ICD code(s): 162,163,165
                                               by county

-------
                       Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                                       Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
ON
NJ
            16   20  30   40   50  60   70  80   90  100
                                                                    ICDcode(s): 162.163,165
                                                                    by stale economic area

-------
Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
0   10  20   30  40  50   60  70   80  90  100
                                              ICD code(s): 162,163,165
                                              by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                               Nonwhite Males: 1970 - 1979
                                            ICDcode(s): 162,163,165
                                            by state economic area

-------
0\
                        Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                                       Nonwhite Males: Relative Change

                                                                                    National Rates
                                                                                    1950-59: 24.1
                                                                                    1960 - 69: 47.4
                                                                                    1970-79: 68.6
                                                                        ICD code(s): 162,163,165
                                                                        by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                              Nonwhite Females: 1950 - 1959
          70  80  90  100
                                            ICDcode(s): 162,163,165
                                            by state economic area

-------
              Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                            Nonwhite Females: 1960-1969
0  10   20  30  40   50  60   70
                                90  100
ICD code(s): 162,163,165
by state economic area

-------
                       Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                                                     Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
oo
                                                                  ICDcode(s): 162,163,165
                                                                  by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Trachea, Bronchus and Lung including Pleura and Other Respiratory Sites
                              Nonwhite Females: Relative Change

                                                            National Rates
                                                            1950 - 59:  4.7
                                                            1960 - 69:  7.5
                                                            1970-79:  13.5
                                                ICD code(s): 162,163,165
                                                by state economic area

-------
                                         Connective and Soft Tissue Cancer
                                                White Males: 1950 -1959
10   20   30   40   50   60  70  80   90   100
                                                             ICDcode(s): 164.1,171
                                                             by state economic area

-------
Connective and Soft Tissue Cancer
       White Males: 1960-1969
                           '•&'•*'•*'*'•*' V»'-V"*"*'"V*V
                     ICD code(s): 164.1,171
                     by state economic area

-------
to
                                                      Connective and Soft Tissue Cancer
                                                             White Males: 1970 -1979
         0   10   20   30   40   50  60  70   80   90   100
ICDcode(s): 164.1,171
by state economic area

-------
-J
u>
                                                     Connective and Soft Tissue Cancer
                                                          White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                      1960-69:  1.0
                                                                                      1970-79:  1.1
                                                                           ICD code(s): 164.1,171
                                                                           by state economic area

-------
                                             Cancer of the Bone including Jaw
                                                  White Males: 1950 -1959
0   10  20   30   40   50  60   70
                                 90  100
                                                              ICD code(s): 170
                                                              by state economic area

-------
                                           Cancer of the Bone including Jaw
                                                 White Males: 1960 -1969
0   10  20   30   40  50  60   70
                                 90   100
ICD code(s): 170
by state economic area

-------
                                          Cancer of the Bone including Jaw
                                                White Males: 1970 - 1979
10   20   30   40
                50
                 A
                    60  70
                               90   100
                                                               * 'o  -4- % *•* -fr % «• -fc -3- « «•
                                                                      ''''    ''
ICD code(s): 170
by state economic area

-------
-J
-J
                                                        Cancer of the Bone including Jaw
                                                            White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                         National Rates
                                                                                        1950-59:  1.7
                                                                                        1960-69:  1.2
                                                                                        1970-79:  1.0
                                                                            ICD code(s): 170
                                                                            by state economic area

-------
00
                                                    Cancer of the Bone including Jaw
                                                         White Females: 1950 -1959
60   70  80   90   100
                                                                       ICD code(s): 170
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
                                        Cancer of the Bone including Jaw
                                             White Females: 1960 -1969
10   20   30  40  50   60   70  80  90   100
ICD code(s): 170
by state economic area

-------
                                                   Cancer of the Bone including Jaw

                                                       White Females: 1970 -1979
00
o
                                                                    ICD code(s): 170

                                                                    by state economic area

-------
oo
                                               Cancer of the Bone including Jaw
                                                 White Females: Relative Change
                            OM;  *m
                              *?Afi*?53
                                                                           National Rates
                                                                           1950-59:  1.1
                                                                           1960 - 69:  0.8
                                                                           1970-79:  0.6
                                                                ICD code(s): 170
                                                                by state economic area

-------
oo
10
                                                       Malignant Melanoma of Skin
                                                           White Males: 1950 -1959
            10   2030   40   50  «0  TO   80   90  100
                                                                      ICD code(s): 172

                                                                      by state economic area

-------
                                                   Malignant Melanoma of Skin
                                                      White Males: 1960-1969
oo
                                                                 ICD code(s): 172
                                                                 by state economic area

-------
oo
                                                      Malignant Melanoma of Skin
                                                          White Males: 1970 -1979
                    30  40  SO   60  70  80   90  100
                                                                      ICD code(s): 172
                                                                      by state economic area

-------
00
                                                         Malignant Melanoma of Skin
                                                           White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                        National Rates
                                                                                       1950-59:   1.3
                                                                                       1960-69:   1.8
                                                                                       1970-79:   2.4
                                                                           ICD code(s): 172
                                                                           by state economic area

-------
                                                   Malignant Melanoma of Skin
                                                      White Females: 1950 - 1959
00
                                                                  ICD code(s): 172
                                                                  by state economic area

-------
                                                      Malignant Melanoma of Skin

                                                        White Females: 1960 -1969
oo
-J
         0   10   20  30  40   50  60  70   80  90   100
                                                                      ICD code(s): 172

                                                                      by state economic area

-------
oo
oo
                                                       Malignant Melanoma of Skin

                                                         White Females: 1970 - 1979
         0   10   20   30  40  50   60   70  80   90  100
                                                                      ICD code(s): 172

                                                                      by state economic area

-------
oo
                                                           Malignant Melanoma of Skin
                                                            White Females: Relative Change
                   1950 - 59
                         o. -&•%%• *f  1970-79
                          •WVV-%
 National Rates
1950-59:   1.0
1960-69:   1.2
1970-79:   1.5
                                                                            ICD code(s): 172
                                                                            by state economic area

-------
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
   White Males: 1950 -1959
0   10  20   30   40   SO  60  70
                                 90  100
                ICDcode(s): 173,154.3
                by state economic area

-------
                                              Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
                                                  White Males: 1960 -1969
0  10  20   30   40   50  60   70   80   90  100
ICD code(s): 173,154.3
by state economic area

-------
                                                      Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
                                                         White Males: 1970 -1979
to
                                        90   100
                                                                    ICDcode(s): 173,154.3
                                                                    by state economic area

-------
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
 White Males: Relative Change
                               National Rates
                              1950 - 59:   2.0
                              1960-69:   1.5
                              1970-79:   1.0
                  ICD code(s): 173,154.3
                  by state economic area

-------
                            Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
                              White Females: 1950 - 1959
50   60  70   80   90  100
                                           ICD code(s): 173,154.3
                                           by state economic area

-------
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
  White Females: 1960 -1969
               ICD code(s): 173,154.3
               by state economic area

-------
                                             Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
                                               White Females: 1970 - 1979
                                                                          *r-fc-0-<&<&•& •>)•«<&•
                                                                               ''
10
    20
            40
                50
                A
                   60
                       70
                               90   100
ICD code(s): 173,154.3
by state economic area

-------
                              Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
                              White Females: Relative Change
•• %WV<- .& ^SCCv?  *v  y   t   .. ^T~W-
                                                            National Rates
                                                           1950-59:   1.1
                                                           1960-69:   0.6
                                                           1970-79:   0.4
                                               ICD code(s): 173,154.3
                                               by state economic area

-------
                                                              Cancer of the Breast
                                                            White Females: 1950 -1959
OO
             10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
ICD code(s)i 174,175
by county

-------
  Cancer of the Breast
White Females: 1960 -1969
—	11 I 11 [ I
0    10   20   30   40   50  60  70   80   90   100
                ICD code(s): 174,175

                by county

-------
                                                 Cancer of the Breast
                                               White Females: 1970 - 1979
10   20   30   40  50  60  70   80   90   100
ICDcode(s): 174,175
by county

-------
N)
O
                                                                Cancer of the Breast
                                                            White Females: Relative Change

                                                                                           National Rates
                                                                                          1950 - 59:   26.3
                                                                                          1960-69:   26.4
                                                                                          1970-79:   27.0
                                                                              ICDcode(s): 174,175
                                                                              by county

-------
                                                              Cancer of the Breast
                                                             White Males: 1950 -1959
to
                                                                          ICDcode(s): 174,175
                                                                          by state economic area

-------
 Cancer of the Breast
White Males: 1960 -1969
                          -fc-4-% tr-fc-fr «<5-* ^ « «•
                           '•*•'*'*»'•*•'*'*'»'*'»'*•
10   20   30   40   SO   60   70   80   90  100
                ICD code(s): 174,175
                by state economic area

-------
 Cancer of the Breast
White Males: 1970 -1979
             ICD code(s): 174,175
             by state economic area

-------
                             Cancer of the Breast
                           White Males: Relative Change
6TV
* $ * 7 * -   -T^mc% * fv>hz%&*
\Z* I ** :  vk,.ml/x"\fe«a
          t  V * ' #f Vt 1 J*-'' ,' '  «SSB; jJKf.
      i> y / X% W5:«^:lfig
                                               National Rates
                                              1950-59:  0.3
                                              1960 - 69:  0.3
                                              1970-79:  0.3
                                      ICDcode(s): 174,175
                                      by state economic area

-------
                                                  Cancer of the Breast
                                              Nonwhite Females:  1950 -1959
10   20   30   40   SO   60   70   80   90  100
ICD code(s): 174,175
by state economic area

-------
    Cancer of the Breast
Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
               ICD code(s): 174,175
               by state economic area

-------
                                                            Cancer of the Breast

                                                        Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
S)
o
00
                                                                        ICD code(s): 174,175

                                                                        by state economic area

-------
      Cancer of the Breast
Nonwhite Females: Relative Change

                                 National Rates
                                1950-59:  21.3
                                1960-69:  23.2
                                1970-79:  22.5
                    ICD code(s): 174,175
                    by state economic area

-------
O
                                                     Cancer of the Chorion and Uterus
                                                          White Females: 1950 - 1959
            10   20   30   40   50  60   70   80   90  100
                                                                        ICDcode(s): 179,181,182
                                                                        by county

-------
                                          Cancer of the Chorion and Uterus
                                               White Females: 1960 - 1969
0   10   20   30  40  50   60  70  80   90  100
ICDcode(s): 179,181,182
by county

-------
                                                    Cancer of the Chorion and Uterus

                                                         White Females: 1970 -1979
to
t—1
to
            10   20   30  40  SO   60  70  80   90
                                                                      ICD code(s): 179,181,182

                                                                      by county

-------
to
                                                       Cancer of the Chorion and Uterus
                                                          White Females: Relative Change
                                                                                         National Rates
                                                                                        1950 - 59:  7.8
                                                                                        1960 - 69:  5.4
                                                                                        1970-79:  4.3
                                                                            ICDcode(s): 179.181,182
                                                                            by county

-------
                                                   Cancer of the Chorion and Uterus
                                                       Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
to
                                                                     ICDcode(s): 179,181,182
                                                                     by state economic area

-------
                                                    Cancer of the Chorion and Uterus
                                                       Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
to
                                       80  90   100
                                                                       ICDcode(s): 179,181,182
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
                                                    Cancer of the Chorion and Uterus
                                                       Nonwhite Females: 1970 - 1979
to
t—t
o\
                                                                     ICDcode(s): 179,181,182
                                                                     by state economic area

-------
N)
t—*
-J
                                                      Cancer of the Chorion and Uterus

                                                       Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                                                                      1960 - 69:   9.4

                                                                                      1970 - 79:   6.5
                                                                          ICDcode(s): 179,181,182

                                                                          by state economic area

-------
                                                            Cancer of the Cervix Uteri

                                                             White Females: 1950 -1959
to
K-*
oo
                                                                                •*•&••*> * * tr-fe •&•% <& -fc -i-««•

                                                                                    '''
                                                                          ICD code(s): 180

                                                                          by county

-------
                                                       Cancer of the Cervix Uteri
                                                        White Females: 1960 - 1969
K)
                                                                     ICD code(s): 180
                                                                     by county

-------
to
to
                                                       Cancer of the Cervix Uteri

                                                         White Females: 1970 - 1979
                                                                     ICDcode(s):180

                                                                     by county

-------
to
                                                           Cancer of the Cervix Uteri
                                                          White Females: Relative Change
                                                                                         National Rates
                                                                                        1950-59:  9.1
                                                                                        1960-69:  6.9
                                                                                        1970-79:  4.2
                                                                            ICDcode(s):180
                                                                            by county

-------
to
                                                        Cancer of the Cervix Uteri
                                                        Nonwhite Females: 1950- 1959
                                                                     ICDcode(s):180
                                                                     by state economic area

-------
                                                         Cancer of the Cervix Uteri

                                                        Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
to
NJ
00
                                           90   100
                                                                        ICD code(s): 180

                                                                        by state economic area

-------
                                                        Cancer of the Cervix Uteri
                                                        Nonwhite Females: 1970 - 1979
to
                                                                     ICDcode(s):180
                                                                     by state economic area

-------
S)
to
                                                            Cancer of the Cervix Uteri
                                                          Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                                                                          National Rates
                                                                                          1950-59:  21.2
                                                                                          1960 - 69:  17.3
                                                                                          1970-79:  10.2
                                                                             ICDcode(s):180
                                                                             by state economic area

-------
                                      Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament
                                                      White Females: 1950 -1959
ON
           10   20   30  40   50  60   70  80   90  100
                                                                  ICDcode(s):183
                                                                  by county

-------
                                     Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament

                                                      White Females: 1960 -1969
to
to
-J
            10  20  30  40  50  60  70  80   90  100
ICD code(s): 183

by county

-------
                                     Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament
                                                      White Females: 1970 - 1979
to
K>
oo
                  30   40  50   60  70   80
                                       90  100
                                                                  ICD code(s): 183
                                                                  by county

-------
N>
                                        Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament
                                                        White Females: Relative Change
                        o •&•%•%••%  1970 - 79
                         '•V'WV-%
 National Rates
1950-59:  8.6
1960 - 69:  8.9
1970-79:  8.8
                                                                         ICDcode(s):183
                                                                         by county

-------
to
u>
o
                                      Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament

                                                     Nonwhite Females: 1950-1959
            10  20   30  40  50   60  70   80  90  100
                                                                   ICDcode(s):183

                                                                   by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament
                Nonwhite Females: 1960-1969
   90   100
                .        „
    >»•*'•*•'•*'-*'*'*'»•*•'•»"'*•"« -V4*•


ICDcode(s):183

by state economic area

-------
                                     Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament
                                                    Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
N)
                                                                 ICDcode(s):183
                                                                 by state economic area

-------
S)
u>
us
                                        Cancer of the Ovary, Fallopian Tube and Broad Ligament

                                                      Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                                                                   National Rates

                                                                                   1950 - 59:  5.9

                                                                                   1960-69:  6.9

                                                                                   1970-79:  6.3
                                                                       ICDcode(s): 183

                                                                       by state economic area

-------
                                                    Cancer of the Prostate
                                                    White Males: 1950 -1959
0   10   20   30  40  50  60  70   80   90   100
ICDcode(s):185
by county

-------
                                                 Cancer of the Prostate
                                                 White Males: 1960-1969
                   SO   60  TO  80   90   100
0   10  20  30   40
ICDcode(s):185
by county

-------
                                                           Cancer of the Prostate

                                                           White Males: 1970 -1979
to
OJ
                                                                       ICDcode(s):185

                                                                       by county

-------
to
V>J
-J
                                                                Cancer of the Prostate
                                                             White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                           National Rates
                                                                                          1950-59:  20.7
                                                                                          1960-69:  19.7
                                                                                          1970-79:  20.3
                                                                              ICD code(s): 185
                                                                              by county

-------
                                                            Cancer of the Prostate
                                                          Nonwhite Males: 1950 - 1959
00
                                                                        ICDcode(s):185
                                                                        by state economic area

-------
                                                              Cancer of the Prostate

                                                            Nonwhite Males:  1960 -1969
to
u>
              10   20   30   4050   60   70   80   90   100
ICD code(s): 185

by state economic area

-------
                                 Cancer of the Prostate
                               Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
50   60   70   80  90  100
                                             ICD code(s): 185
                                             by state economic area

-------
                              Cancer of the Prostate
                          Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
tfSSSSK1' Cv'wf S$' w-J- -«v *   f f    v   •!  * X  XV"- 4iv*< •* ^*^
                     ^Ni-h^BE
                                                        National Rates
                                                        1950-59:  26.5
                                                        1960-69:  31.9
                                                        1970-79:  34.3
                                            ICDcode(s): 185
                                            by state economic area

-------
to
                                                                Cancer of the Testis
                                                               White Males: 1950 -1959
         0   10   TO   30   40   50   60   70
                                             90  100
                                                                           ICDcode(s):186
                                                                           by sute economic area

-------
                                                  Cancer of the Testis
                                                 White Males: 1960 -1969
10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90   100
ICDcode(s):186
by state economic area

-------
                                                              Cancer of the Testis
                                                             White Males: 1970 -1979
K)
                                                                         ICD code(s): 186
                                                                         by state economic area

-------
to
                                                                   Cancer of the Testis
                                                               White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                              National Rates
                                                                                             1950 - 59:   0.9
                                                                                             1960-69:   0.8
                                                                                             1970-79:   0.7
                                                                                 ICD code(s): 186
                                                                                 by state economic area

-------
Is)
                                             Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
                                                           White Males: 1950 - 1959
            10   20  30  40   SO   60   70  80   90  100
                                                                      ICDcode(s): 188,189.3
                                                                      by county

-------
Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
             White Males: 1960 -1969
40   50  60   70   80  90   100
                          ICDcode(s): 188,189.3
                          by county

-------
00
                                             Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
                                                          White Males: 1970 - 1979
            10-20   30  40  SO   60  70  80   90  100
                                                                      ICD code(s): 188,189.3
                                                                      by county

-------
vo
                                            Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
                                                       White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                  1960-69:   7.3
                                                                                  1970-79:   7.3
                                                                      ICDcode(s): 188,189.3
                                                                      by county

-------
to
u\
o
                                              Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs

                                                          White Females: 1950 -1959
                                                                                   %*"fc-fr «<&•*•&•««•

                                                                                         ''
         0   10  20  30   40   SO   60  70  80   90  100
ICDcode(s): 188,189.3

by county

-------
to
                                            Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
                                                        White Females: 1960 -1969
0   10  20   30   40  50   60   70  80   90  100
                                                                      ICD code(s): 188,189.3
                                                                      by county

-------
to
                                           Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
                                                       White Females: 1970 - 1979
                                                                   ICD code(s): 188,189.3
                                                                   by county

-------
Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
          White Females: Relative Change
                                     1960-69:  2.4
                                     1970 - 79:  2.1
                          ICD code(s): 188,189.3
                          by county

-------
Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
           Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
                         ICDcode(s): 188,189.3
                         by state economic area

-------
                                           Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
                                                      Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
to
                                                                     ICDcode(s): 188,189.3
                                                                     by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
           Nonwhite Males: 1970 - 1979
                        ICDcode(s): 188,189.3
                        by state economic area

-------
to
t/l
-J
                                             Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs

                                                       Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                                                                                    I960 - 69:  5.5

                                                                                    1970-79:  5.3
                                                                        ICDcode(s): 188.189.3

                                                                        by state economic area

-------
                                            Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs

                                                      Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
to
u<
00
                                                                    ICDcode(s): 188,189.3

                                                                    by state economic area

-------
                                            Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
                                                       Nonwhite Females: 1960-1969
to
             10  20   30   40  50   60   70  80   90   100
ICD code(s): 188,189.3
by state economic area

-------
Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
          Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
                        ICD code(s): 188,189.3
                        by state economic area

-------
ON
                                              Cancer of the Bladder and other Urinary Organs
                                                       Nonwhite Females: Relative Change

                                                      '   i,"'  **'4&^\£**'$&-\
                                                    -^
                                                                                     National Rates
                                                                                     1950-59:   3.1
                                                                                     1960 - 69:   3.2
                                                                                     1970-79:   2.7
                                                                         ICDcode(s): 188,189.3
                                                                         by state economic area

-------
to
                                                       Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                             White Males: 1950 - 1959
         0   10  20  30  40   50   60   70
                                           90  100
                                                                         ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                         by county

-------
to
o\
OJ
                                                       Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter

                                                            White Males: 1960 -1969
          0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)

by county

-------
to
                                                        Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                             White Males:  1970 -1979
         0    10  20  30  40   50   60   70   80   90  100
                                                                         ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                         by county

-------
OS
                                                       Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                           White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                       1960-69:  4.2
                                                                                       1970-79:  4.6

                                                                           ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                           by county

-------
to
                                                       Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                            White Females: 1950 -1959
10   20   30   40  50  60  70   80   90  100
                                                                         ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                         by county

-------
ON
                                                       Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                           White Females: 1960 -1969
10   20   30  40  SO  60   70   80   90  100
                                                                         ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                         by county

-------
to
o\
oo
                                                        Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter

                                                            White Females: 1970 -1979
I I I I I I I I I ' I '	I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I	I I I I I I

0   10  20.  30  40  50  60  70   80   90  100
                                                                          ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)

                                                                          by county

-------
to
o\
                                                        Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                           White Females: Relative Change
                                                                                         National Rates
                                                                                         1950 - 59:  2.0
                                                                                         1960-69:  2.1
                                                                                         1970-79:  2.1
                                                                            ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                            by county

-------
                                                 Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                     Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
*s
. ...ill

ll
                                                                                                0.1
0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90   100
       '•V'i'-V-i'V »'«V*V»'V 4V

ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
by state economic area

-------
to
                                                        Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                           Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
0   10   20   30   40  50  60   70   80   90   100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                           by state economic area

-------
                                                       Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                          Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
K)
                                                                        ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                        by state economic area

-------
to
                                                       Cancer of the Kidney and Ureter
                                                         Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                                                                                       1960-69:   3.0
                                                                                       1970-79:   3.2


                                                                           ICD code(s): 189 (except 189.3)
                                                                           by state economic area

-------
to
                                      Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                       White Males: 1950 -1959
                                                                  ICDcode(s): 191,192
                                                                  by county

-------
                                      Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System

                                                         White Males: 1960 -1969
to
-J
          ,111 i i
         0   10   20  30   40   50  60   70  80  90   100
ICD code(s): 191,192

by county

-------
                                          Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                             White Males: 1970 -1979
O\
                                                                                  '•i'-V-iV'i>W'-J.'-3>V
         0   10   20  30  40  50  60   70   80   90  100
                                                                         ICDcode(s):191,192
                                                                         by county

-------
to
                                         Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                          White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                       National Rates
                                                                                      1950 - 59:   4.0
                                                                                      1960-69:   4.4
                                                                                      1970-79:   4.9
                                                                          ICDcode(s): 191,192
                                                                          by county

-------
                                       Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                        White Females: 1950 -1959
oo
        0  10   20   30  40   50  60  70
                                        90   100
                                                                    ICDcode(s): 191,192
                                                                    by county

-------
Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                 White Females: 1960 -1969
0  10   20   30  40   50  60  70   80  90   100
                               ICD code(s): 191,192
                               by county

-------
to
oo
                                      Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                       White Females: 1970 -1979
        0   10  20   30  40  50   60  70   80  90   100
                                                                   ICDcode(s): 191,192
                                                                   by county

-------
oo
                                      Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                     White Females: Relative Change
                                                                                 1960 - 69:   2.9
                                                                                 1970-79:   3.3
                                                                      ICD code(s): 191,192
                                                                      by county

-------
to
(X
to
                                        Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System

                                                         Nonwhite Males: 1950 - 1959
        I I 11 1111 111 I I I 11 •	•' • • ' 11 I 1111 I
        0   10  20  30   40   50  60  70  80   90  100
                                                                      ICDcode(s): 191,192

                                                                      by state economic area

-------
oo
                                      Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                       Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
                                                                    ICDcode(s): 191,192
                                                                    by state economic area

-------
                                      Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                       Nonwhite Males: 1970 - 1979
oo
                                                                    ICDcode(s): 191,192
                                                                    by state economic area

-------
to

-------
00
                                      Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                     Nonwhite Females: 1950- 1959
                                                                   ICDcode(s): 191,192
                                                                   by state economic area

-------
                                      Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System

                                                     Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
to
oo
-J
                                                                    ICD code(s): 191,192

                                                                    by state economic area

-------
                                       Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System
                                                      Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
K)
oo
oo
                                                                   ICDcode(s): 191,192
                                                                   by state economic area

-------
N>
oo
                                       Cancer of the Brain and other parts of the Nervous System

                                                    Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                                                                  1960-69:  1.5

                                                                                  1970-79:  1.6
                                                                       ICDcode(s):191,192

                                                                       by state economic area

-------
                                                          Cancer of the Thyroid Gland

                                                             White Males: 1950 -1959
to
*>£>
O
         0    10  20  30  40   50   60   70
                                                                         ICD code(s): 193

                                                                         by state economic area

-------
to
                                                         Cancer of the Thyroid Gland
                                                            White Males: 1960 -1969
10   20   30   40   SO  60  70   80   90   100
                                                                          ICD code(s): 193
                                                                          by state economic area

-------
                                                       Cancer of the Thyroid Gland

                                                          White Males: 1970 -1979
to
vO
to
                                                                      ICD code(s): 193

                                                                      by state economic area

-------
to
                           '•V '
                                                           Cancer of the Thyroid Gland
                                                             White Males: Relative Change
 National Rates
1950-59:  0.5
1960-69:  0.4
1970-79:  0.4
                                                                             ICD code(s): 195
                                                                             by state economic area

-------
                                            Cancer of the Thyroid Gland
                                              White Females: 1950 -1959
A
                  ^ v«*%
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I , I !
0  10   20  30
                  50  60   70  80   90  100
                                                           ICD code(s): 193
                                                           by state economic area

-------
                                                         Cancer of the Thyroid Gland

                                                           White Females: 1960 -1969
to
<>£>
It
          0    10  20  30   40   SO   60   70  80  90   100
ICD code(s): 193

by state economic area

-------
to
v£>
O\
                                                         Cancer of the Thyroid Gland

                                                            White Females: 1970 -1979
         I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 11 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •. I	I
         0   10  20  30  40  50  60  70   80   90  100
                                                                         ICD code(s): 193

                                                                         by state economic area

-------
K>
\O
                                                           Cancer of the Thyroid Gland
                                                           White Females: Relative Change
                                                                                         National Rates
                                                                                        1950-59:   0.8
                                                                                        1960-69:   0.7
                                                                                        1970-79:   0.5
                                                                            ICD code(s): 193
                                                                            by state economic area

-------
                            Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                                                     White Males: 1950 -1959
00
                                                                ICD code(s): 159.1,200,202.0,.1,.8,.9
                                                                by state economic area

-------
                            Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                                                    White Males: 1960 -1969
VO
                                                                ICD code(s): 159.1,200,202.0,.1,.8,.9
                                                                by state economic area

-------
                            Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas

                                                    White Males: 1970 -1979
o
o
                                                                ICD code(s): 159.1,200,202.0,. 1..8..9


                                                                by state economic area

-------
u>
o
                              Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                                                      White Males: Relative Change
                                                                                 National Rates
                                                                                1950 - 59:  4.4
                                                                                1960 - 69:  5.6
                                                                                1970 - 79:  6.0
                                                                     ICD code(s): 159.1,200,202.0,. 1..8..9
                                                                     by state economic area

-------
                            Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                                                    White Females: 1950 - 1959
8
                                                                 ICDcode(s): 159.1,200,202.0,.1,.8,.9
                                                                 by state economic area

-------
                            Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas

                                                     White Females: 1960 -1969
o
t-K)
10  20   30  40   50  60   70  80  90  100
                                                                  ICDcode(s): 159.1,200^02.0,-1-8..9

                                                                  by sute economic area

-------
Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                        White Females: 1970 - 1979
      80   90  100
                                    ICD code(s): 159.1,200,202.0,-1..8..9
                                    by state economic area

-------
      Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                              White Females: Relative Change
o * % *r sf  1970 - 79
 "WVV-%
 National Rates
1950 - 59:  2.9
1960-69:  3.7
1970-79:  4.1
                                              ICD code(s): 159.1,200,202.0,.1,.8,.9
                                              by state economic area

-------
                            Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas

                                                    Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
o
ON
                                                                ICDcode(s): 159.1,200,202.0,-1.-8..9

                                                                by state economic area

-------
Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                       Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
                                     ICDcode(s): 159.1,200^02.0,-1.-8.-9
                                     by state economic area

-------
O
oo
                             Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas

                                                     Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
        0  10   20  30  40  50  60  70   80  90   100
                                                                  ICD code(s): 159.1,200,202.0,.1,.8,.9

                                                                  by state economic area

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Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                      Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                                                1960-69:  3.8
                                                1970-79:  3.8


                                      ICDcode(s): 159.1,200,202.0,. 1..8..9
                                      by state economic area

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Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                      Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
                                    ICDcode(s): 159.1,200,202.0,.1,.8,.9
                                    by state economic area

-------
Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                      Nonwhite Females: 1960-1969
                                    ICDcode(s): 159.1,200^02.0,. 1..8..9
                                    by state economic area

-------
                            Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                                                  Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
N>
                                                               ICDcode(s): 159.1,200,202.0,. 1..8..9
                                                               by state economic area

-------
      Lymphosarcoma and Reticulum Cell Sarcoma including other Lymphomas
                            Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
o ->r% * *  1970-79
 "WVV-%
                                                        1960-69:  2.1
                                                        1970-79:  2.2


                                             ICDcode(s): 159.1,200,202.0,.1,.8,.9
                                             by state economic area

-------
  Hodgkin's Disease
White Males: 1950-1959
10203040S06070M90100
             ICD code(8): 201
             by state economic area

-------
                                                 Hodgkin's Disease
                                               White Males: 1960-1969
102030405060708090100
ICD code(s): 201
by state economic area

-------
                                                              Hodgkin's Disease
                                                            White Males: 1970 -1979
ON
                                                                       ICD code(s): 201
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
    Hodgkin's Disease
White Males: Relative Change
                             National Rates
                             1950 - 59:   2.3
                             1960-69:   2.3
                             1970-79:   1.6
                ICD code(s): 201
                by state economic area

-------
                                                             Hodgkin's Disease
                                                          White Females: 1950 -1959
oo
                                                                       ICD code(s): 201
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
                                Hodgkin's Disease
                             White Females: 1960 -1969
50   60   70  80  90  100
ICD code(s): 201
by state economic area

-------
                                                  Hodgkin's Disease
                                               White Females: 1970-1979
10   20   30  40  50  60
                              90  100
                                                            ICD code(s): 201
                                                            by state economic area

-------
     Hodgkin's Disease
White Females: Relative Change
                              National Rates
                              1950-59:   1.3
                              1960-69:   1.4
                              1970-79:   1.0
                 ICD code(s): 201
                 by state economic area

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                                                                 Multiple Myeloma

                                                               White Males:  1950 - 1959
         0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90  100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)

                                                                           by state economic area

-------
NJ
                                                               Multiple Myeloma
                                                             White Males: 1960 -1969
                              SO   60   7080  90  100
ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
by stale economic area

-------
                                                             Multiple Myeloma
                                                           White Males: 1970 -1979
to
                                                                        ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
                                                                        by state economic area

-------
     Multiple Myeloma
White Males: Relative Change
   '    -*  -    *  v   -  V
   ,   V-   ;-       V-  <'-.V
                             National Rates
                            1950-59:   1.5
                            1960-69:   2.1
                            1970-79:   2.7
               ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
               by state economic area

-------
                                                             Multiple Myeloma
                                                           White Females: 1950 -1959
N>
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                                                                        ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)

                                                                        by state economic area

-------
   Multiple Myeloma
White Females: 1960 -1969
               ICD codc(s): 203 (cxcqjl 203.1)
               by state economic area

-------
                                                              Multiple Myeloma

                                                           White Females: 1970 -1979
K)
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                                                                       ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)

                                                                       by state economic area

-------
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                                                                  Multiple Myeloma
                                                            White Females: Relative Change
                                                                                           National Rates
                                                                                          1950-59:   1.0
                                                                                          1960-69:   1.5
                                                                                          1970-79:   1.8
                                                                             ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
                                                                             by state economic area

-------
    Multiple Myeloma
Nonwhite Males: 1950-1959
              ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
              by state economic area

-------
OJ
                                                                Multiple Myeloma
                                                            Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
         0   10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80  90  100
                                                                           ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
                                                                           by state economic area

-------
                                                              Multiple Myeloma
                                                          Nonwhite Males: 1970 - 1979
ts>
                                                                        ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
                                                                        by state economic area

-------
      Multiple Myeloma
Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                           1960-69:   3.4
                           1970 - 79:   4.6


               ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
               by state economic area

-------
                                                    Multiple Myeloma
                                               Nonwhite Females: 1950 -1959
                                                                       •*••*> -ir % <0-fc -fr %<& -fe ^ ««•
                                                                        '''
10   20   30   40   SO
60
A
                        70   80   90  100
                                                                ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
                                                                by state economic area

-------
                                                             Multiple Myeloma
                                                        Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
OJ
                                                                       ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
                                                                       by state economic area

-------
                                                             Multiple Myeloma

                                                        Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
U)
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                                                                         ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)

                                                                         by state economic area

-------
       Multiple Myeloma
Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                             1960-69:   2.2
                             1970-79:   3.1


                 ICD code(s): 203 (except 203.1)
                 by state economic area

-------
                                                                        Leukemias
                                                                 White Males: 1950 -1959
oo
10   20   30   40   SO   60   70  80   90   100
                                                                                 ICD code(s): 202.4,203.1,204-208
                                                                                 by sute economic area

-------
       Leukemias
White Males: 1960 -1969
            ICD code(s): 202.4,203.1,204-208
            by state economic area

-------
OJ
*>.
O
                                                                       Leukemias

                                                                White Males: 1970 -1979
                                               90  100
ICD code(s): 202.4.203.U04-208

by state economic area

-------
         Leukemias
White Males: Relative Change
                                National Rates
                               1950 - 59:   8.5
                               1960-69:   9.5
                               1970-79:   9.1
                  ICD code(s): 202.4,203.1,204-208
                  by state economic area

-------
        Leukemias
White Females: 1950 -1959
10   20   30   40   SO  60  70  80  90  100
               ICD code(s): 202.4,203.1^04-208
               by state economic area

-------
                                                                     Leukemias
                                                             White Females:  1960 -1969
u>
                                                                             ICD iode(s): 202.4,203.1,204-208
                                                                             by slate economic area

-------
       Leukemias
White Females: 1970 -1979
             ICD code(s): 202.4,203. U04-208
             by state economic area

-------
OJ
4^
Ln
                                                                       Leukemias

                                                             White Females: Relative Change
                                                                                          1960 - 69:  5.9

                                                                                          1970-79:  5.4
                                                                             ICD code(s): 202.4,203.1,204-208

                                                                             by state economic area

-------
LtJ
                                        Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                                                White Males: 1950 -1959
             10   20   30   40  50  60  70  80  90  100
                                                                            ICD code(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184.187,195-199,202.2,.3,.5,.6
                                                                            by county

-------
Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                        White Males: 1960 -1969
l_l._t-l I I I I I I I 1.1 1 I I 1.1 I I 1 I I I I I I I I 1.1.1.1 I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 1 l^g
0   10   20   30  40  50  60  70   80   90   100
                                      ICD code(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187>195-199,202.2,.3,.5>.6
                                      by county

-------
OJ
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00
                                        Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                                               White Males:  1970 -1979
10   20   30   40   SO  60  70  80  90  100
                                                                             ICD code(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199,202.2,.3,.5,6
                                                                             by county

-------
Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                     White Males: Relative Change
                                                 1960-69:   13.6
                                                 1970-79:   12.8
                                     ICD code(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199,202.2,.3,.5,.6
                                     by county

-------
                              Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                                    White Females: 1950 -1959
0   10   20   30   40   SO   60   70  80  90  100
                                                                  ICD code(s): 1521158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199^02.2,.3,.5,.6
                                                                  by county

-------
                          Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                               White Females: 1960 -1969
10   20   30   40   50   60   70   80   90  100
ICDcode(s):152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199^02.2,.3,.5,.6
by county

-------
                              Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                                    White Females: 1970 - 1979
0   10   20   30   40   SO   60   70   80   90  100
                                                                  ICDcode(s):152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199^02.2,.3,.5,.6
                                                                  by county

-------
Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                    White Females: Relative Change
                                                 1960-69:  11.1
                                                 1970-79:  10.1
                                    ICDcode(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199,202.2>.3,.5,.6
                                    by county

-------
                          Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                               Nonwhite Males: 1950 -1959
10   20   30   40   SO   60   70   80   90   100
                                                              ICD code(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,1871195-199^02.2,.3,.5,.6
                                                              by sUle economic area

-------
Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                     Nonwhite Males: 1960 -1969
      90   100
ICDcode(s):152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199,202.2,.3,.5,.6
by state economic area

-------
U)
                                        Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                                             Nonwhite Males: 1970 -1979
10   20   30   40   50  60   70   80   90   100
                                                                             ICD code(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187>195-199^Q2.2,.3,.5,.6
                                                                             by state economic area

-------
Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                   Nonwhite Males: Relative Change
                                                 1960-69:  18.4
                                                 1970-79:  18.1


                                     ICDcode(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199,202.2,.3,.5,.6
                                     by stale economic area

-------
                                      Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers

                                                          Nonwhite Females: 1950-1959
U)
u\
oo
                                                                          ICD code(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187.195-199^02.2,.3,.5,.6

                                                                          by state economic area

-------
                                       Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                                           Nonwhite Females: 1960 -1969
Lf\
                                                                            ICDcode(s):152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199,202.2,.3,:5,.6
                                                                            by state economic area

-------
O\
o
                                        Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                                                            Nonwhite Females: 1970 -1979
             10   20  30  40  50  60  70  80  90  100
                                                                            ICD code(s): 152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199^02.2,.31.5,.6
                                                                            by state economic area

-------
Secondary, Site Unspecified and Not Previously Listed Cancers
                  Nonwhite Females: Relative Change
                                                 1960-69:   15.4
                                                 1970 - 79:   13.5


                                     ICDcode(s):152,158,159.2-.9,164.2-.9,184,187,195-199202.2,.3,.5,.6
                                     by state economic area

-------
                                                  Counties of the United States

                                                     Number of Counties: 3072
ON
to

-------
State Economic Areas
 Number of SEA's: 506

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-------