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O&M Report Template for
Ground Water Remedies
(with Emphasis on Pump and Treat Systems)
One of a Series on Optimization
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Office of Solid Waste OSWER 9283.1-22FS
and Emergency Response EPA 542-R-05-010
(5102G) April 2005
vwwv.cluin.org
www.epa.gov/superfund
O&M Report Template for
Ground Water Remedies
(With Emphasis on Pump and Treat Systems)
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DISCLAIMER
This document provides references to models and processes in use by outside parties and other Federal Agencies.
Mention of these models and processes does not imply endorsement for specific purposes.
This fact sheet is not intended to be a detailed instruction manual. In addition, this fact sheet is not a regulation;
therefore, it does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, States, or the regulated community, and may
not apply to a particular situation based upon the circumstances. The document offers technical recommendations
to EPA, States and others who manage or regulate long-term ground water remedies as part of the Superfund
program or other cleanup programs. EPA and State personnel may use other approaches, activities and
considerations, either on their own or at the suggestion of interested parties. Interested parties are free to raise
questions and objections regarding this document and the appropriateness of using these recommendations in a
particular situation, and EPA will consider whether or not the recommendations are appropriate in that situation.
This fact sheet may be revised periodically without public notice. EPA welcomes public comments on this
document at any time and will consider those comments in any future revision of this document.
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PREFACE
This fact sheet provides a recommended report template that can be used to present information on the operations
and maintenance (O&M) of a ground water remedy, particularly for those remedies including pump and treat
(P&T). It is part of a series of fact sheets that the EPA Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology
Innovation (OSRTI) is preparing as guidance to the ground water remediation community on effectively and
efficiently designing and operating long-term ground water remedies. This series is available at
www. cluin.org/optimization and consists of the following fact sheets, plus others that will be available in the
future.
Elements for Effective Management of Operating Pump and Treat Systems
OSWER9355.4-27FS-A, EPA 542-R-02-009, December 2002
Cost-Effective Design of Pump and Treat Systems
OSWER 9283.1-20FS, EPA 542-R-05-008, April 2005
Effective Contracting Approaches for Operating Pump and Treat Systems
OSWER 9283.1-2IPS, EPA 542-R-05-009, April 2005
O&M Report Template for Ground Water Remedies (with Emphasis on Pump and Treat Systems)
OSWER 9283.1-22FS, EPA 542-R-05-010, April 2005
In addition, access to a wider range of EPA documents is available at www.cluin.org.
The recommendations contained in this series of fact sheets are based on professional experience in designing and
operating long-term ground water remedies and on lessons learned from conducting Remediation System
Evaluations (RSEs) at Superfund-fmanced P&T systems. The results of the first 20 RSEs conducted at Superfund-
financed P&T systems are summarized in Pilot Project to Optimize Superfund-Financed Pump and Treat Systems:
Summary Report and Lessons Learned (EPA 542-R-02-008a), and the site-specific recommendations from the
evaluations are available in the individual RSE reports (EPA 542-R-02-008b through 542-R-02-008u). The
content of these fact sheets is relevant to almost any P&T system. Therefore, these documents may serve as
resources for managers, contractors, or regulators of any P&T system, regardless of the regulatory program. Most
elements of this report template are also pertinent to other ground water remedies.
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A. INTRODUCTION
Operating ground water remedies such as pump and
treat (P&T) systems generally require operation and
maintenance (O&M) activities to occur over a long
period of time, sometimes decades. Routine O&M
reports accomplish the following:
present operational data associated with the
treatment plant, and identify operational problems
and/or system modifications associated with the
treatment plant
summarize subsurface data that have been
collected, and interpret progress towards short-
term and long-term remedy goals
suggest system modifications to improve
performance, reduce costs, and/or increase
likelihood of site closeout
Contractors typically prepare these reports annually
once the system is operating routinely, but in some
cases, reports are prepared quarterly or semi-annually.
Effective O&M reports are much more than a series of
data tables and/or maps for the most recent reporting
period. O&M reports should also include an
interpretation of the data with respect to system
performance (subsurface and above-ground) and
historical trends. O&M reports should be prepared and
submitted as soon after the end of the reporting period
as is practicable, so that the data and associated
interpretations can be used as a basis for system
modifications in a timely manner.
Interpreting data, preparing reports, and submitting data
and/or reports can be facilitated by electronic data
management. Spreadsheet, database, and/or geographic
information system (GIS) software allows data to be
stored, retrieved, interpreted, updated, and plotted in a
timely and cost-effective manner. It also facilitates
generating report tables and figures, and it significantly
reduces the possibility of entry errors. Therefore, site-
related data (including ground water quality, water
levels, and process monitoring results) should be
managed electronically whenever possible. Data
should also be submitted electronically whenever
possible because it facilitates data management for all
site stakeholders. This includes the exchange of data
between laboratories, consultants, site representatives,
and site regulators. In some cases, this may mean
sharing or submitting spreadsheets, database files or
even graphics or plotting files. Some regulatory
Organization of this Document
A. INTRODUCTION 1
B. SUGGESTED STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
OF AN O&M REPORT 2
C. O&M REPORT TEMPLATE 2
Letter of Transmittal 3
Title Page 4
Executive Summary 5
Table of Contents 7
1.0 Introduction 9
2.0 Operations Summary 13
3.0 Subsurface Performance Summary . 17
4.0 Suggested System Modifications . . 23
APPENDIX A: SAMPLE TABLES
APPENDIX B: SAMPLE FIGURES
agencies have developed specific formats for
electronic data deliverables. The use of commonly-
used software or non-proprietary open data standards
(e.g., XML) should help facilitate data retrieval,
particularly after long-term storage.
With regard to reports, it is often appropriate to submit
an electronic (e.g., PDF) version of the O&M report in
addition to or instead of a hard copy. The electronic
version facilitates distributing the report to a wider
audience, such as owners of adjacent impacted
properties, the public, or remedy evaluation teams.
The purpose of this document is to provide site
managers, contractors, and regulators with a
recommended report template for preparing effective
O&M reports. Although this fact sheet provides
important information to be included in an O&M
report, it does not replace the need for active
management and oversight to ensure a protective and
cost-effective remedy that is optimized over time
based on O&M data. In addition, even though
preparing an O&M report involves interpreting data
and documenting potential modifications to improve
the system, it does not replace the value of performing
independent optimization evaluations. Independent
evaluations are designed to provide objective
evaluation of the remedy and provide
recommendations for potential improvements. For
additional information on how O&M reports relate to
overall management and optimization of a P&T
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system, the reader is referred to Elements for Effective
Management of Operating Pump and Treat Systems,
December 2002 (EPA 542-R-02-009/OSWER
9355.4-27FS-A).
B. SUGGESTED STRUCTURE AND
CONTENT OF AN O&M REPORT
C. O&M REPORT TEMPLATE
Each site is unique, and it is not possible to provide a
template for the content of an O&M report that is
suitable for every site. However, this document does
provide a suggested structure for an O&M report, and
also provides suggested items that should typically be
included in the content of an O&M report. Sample
tables (Appendix A) and sample figures (Appendix B)
are included to highlight items discussed within this
document and to serve as a guide for format and/or
content of such tables and figures in an O&M report.
An O&M report generally contains the following
sections:
letter of transmittal and title page
executive summary
table of contents
introduction
operations summary
subsurface performance summary
suggested system modifications
tables and figures
Tables and figures are included to present data and
support interpretations discussed in the text. The
location of tables and figures within the O&M report is
a stylistic preference. In most cases, the tables and
figures are placed at the end of the document (prior to
any appendices) or at the end of chapters where they are
referenced. In other cases, tables and figures are placed
immediately after they are referenced in the text, but
this approach complicates formatting of the document.
In some cases, the O&M report will also include
appendices. The appendices might include raw data,
copies of letters, copies of permits, chain of custody
forms, or any other information that does not fit easily
into the main body of the report.
The remainder of this document provides a
recommended O&M report template, organized
according to the typical sections of an O&M report
listed earlier. The following conventions are utilized:
Plain text is used to list sections or subsections
that should be included in the O&M report, and
to list items that should generally appear in the
specific section or subsection being discussed.
Text enclosed in brackets ("[ ]") indicates that
site-specific information should be added, as
appropriate.
Plain text boxes (unshaded, outlined with plain
lines) present samples of report content (such as a
sample cover letter).
Text boxes with shadow-style outlines are used at
the end of sections or subsections to list sample
tables (in Appendix A) or sample figures (in
Appendix B) that pertain to that specific section
or subsection, and to highlight important aspects
of those samples.
It is not the intent of this document to provide a report
template, or sample tables and figures, that can be
directly applied for all sites. Some site-specific issues
that might add additional complexity to an O&M
report include the following:
multiple aquifers are impacted by contaminants
multiple contaminant types (e.g., metals, volatile
organic compounds, pesticides, etc.) are present
multiple media are being sampled (e.g., ground
water, surface water, sediments)
For remedies other than P&T, there may be some
sections in this report template that do not apply. For
instance, a monitored natural attenuation (MNA)
remedy may not have an "operations summary"
section, since there is no active treatment system. In
other cases, there may be multiple treatment systems,
such as P&T coupled with soil vapor extraction (SVE)
or free-product recovery in a source area. This may
require additional sections of text, and/or additional
tables and figures, compared to this report template.
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Sample Letter of Transmittal
[Letter-Head of Organization Sending Report]
[date report signed or sent]
[name of person receiving report]
[address of person receiving the report, line 1]
[address of person receiving the report, line 2]
[address of person receiving the report, line 3]
Reference: [reference line 1]
[reference line 2]
Dear [fill in as appropriate]:
[Organization sending report] is pleased to submit [number of copies] copies of the attached [annual, quarterly,
etc.] O&M report for [site name and/or system name] located in [location]. This report summarizes O&M
activities for the period [begin date] to [end date]. This report is submitted in accordance with [any regulatory
stipulations]. The supporting data are being submitted electronically [describe format and method of
submittal].
[Summary of any non-routine items that merit mention in the letter of transmittal].
If there are any questions regarding this report, please contact [name] at [phone number and/or email address].
Sincerely,
[signature]
[printed name of sender]
[title]
Enclosures: O&M report [indicate number of volumes if more than 1]
[any other enclosures, such as electronic data]
cc: [list name and organization of others receiving the report, indicate if "cover letter only"]
The reference line(s) indicate the following:
the nature of the report contents (e.g., "O&M Progress Report")
the frequency associated with this reporting (e.g., "annual", "quarterly", etc.)
the reporting period (e.g., "January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003")
the site name and location, and regulatory case number for the site (if applicable)
Non-routine items of importance that merit inclusion in the letter include a discharge of effluent that exceeded
permit limits, a major change to the system or system status, a change of contractor, a change in the individual or
organization submitting the report, major community relations activity, or a major new finding in the subsurface.
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TITLE PAGE
Sample Title Page
[annual, quarterly, etc.] O&M Report
Reporting Period [begin date] to [end date]
[site name and/or system name]
[site location]
[regulatory identification number, if applicable]
Submitted To:
[name of person receiving report]
[address of person receiving the report, line 1 ]
[address of person receiving the report, line 2]
[address of person receiving the report, line 3]
Prepared By:
[name/organization sending report]
[address of sender, line 1]
[address of sender, line 2]
[phone number of sender]
[date report signed/prepared]
[signature lines, if appropriate]
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Purpose of Report
Provide a brief (i.e., one paragraph) introduction that identifies the following:
type of remedy that the report covers (e.g., P&T or some other ground water remedy)
the site name and location
whether or not this report is associated with a specific reporting frequency (e.g., annual, quarterly)
the reporting period ( "begin date" to "end date" )
any regulatory stipulation mandating the submission of this report and/or the contents of the report
This section should generally be duplicated from Section 1.1 of the main report.
Operations Summary
Include the following:
a brief statement indicating the extent of system downtime (if any) during the reporting period, and
whether or not any downtime was "non-routine"
a statement indicating whether or not process monitoring indicated any exceedances of treatment system
discharge limits during the reporting period
a statement indicating whether or not there were any significant operational problems (sub-surface or
above-ground) during the reporting period
a statement indicating whether or not noteworthy system modifications were made or other non-routine
maintenance was conducted (sub-surface or above-ground) during the reporting period
for sites with significant public involvement, a statement indicating any contact with the public or public
officials with respect to the remedy
if staffing changes were made, a statement to this effect with new names and contact information
The purpose of including these statements in the executive summary is to clearly indicate to the reader whether or
not non-routine items occurred during the reporting period, and if so, the general nature of those items. The details
associated with these items should be provided in the body of the report.
Interpretation of Progress with Respect to System Goals
Include the following:
a brief statement of the goals of the P&T system (e.g., containment and/or restoration, and the relative
priority if multiple goals are present)
a brief statement indicating if data collected during the reporting period (e.g., water levels, ground water
concentrations, etc.) are consistent or inconsistent with expectations and/or previous data (if not, include
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a brief description of the difference)
a statement indicating if short-term remedy goals are being met, based on an interpretation of data
collected and implementation of institutional controls
a statement indicating if longer-term remedy goals are being met or when they will likely be met, based
on an interpretation of data collected and implementation of institutional controls
a statement indicating whether or not new inconsistencies or gaps in the current "site conceptual model"
have been identified based on an interpretation of O&M data and whether or not the site conceptual
model has been updated accordingly
Details regarding these interpretations should be provided in the body of the report.
Suggested Modifications to Ground Water Remedy and/or Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) Program
Include the following:
a statement indicating whether or not there are any recommendations in this report to modify or enhance
the ground water remedy and/or LTM program
a brief description of any such recommendations
The details of recommended modifications, the rationale behind those recommendations, and estimated costs
and/or savings associated with the recommendations will generally be provided in the body of the report.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sample Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Operations Summary
3 0 Subsurface Performance Summary
4.0 Suggested System Modifications
List of Tables
[table number and title for each table]
List of Figures
[figure number and title for each figure]
List of Appendices
[appendix letter and title for each Appendix]
[page]
[page]
[page]
[page]
[page]
[page]
For longer O&M reports, it is appropriate to also include subsections in the Table of Contents. If tables and
figures appear at the end of the report or the end of each section (the most common approaches), there is no need to
provide page numbers for each table and figure.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT
Provide a brief (i.e., one paragraph) introduction that identifies the following:
type of remedy that the report covers (e.g., P&T or some other ground water remedy)
the site name and location (generally references a site location figure)
whether or not this report is associated with a specific reporting frequency (e.g., annual, quarterly)
the reporting period this report pertains to
any regulatory stipulation mandating the submission of this report and/or the contents of the report
This section should be duplicated in the first section of the Executive Summary.
Sample Tables or Figures Relevant to Section 1.1
Figures (see Appendix B)
- Site Vicinity and Well Locations (Sample Figure 1)
Figures illustrating map features should include a north arrow, a graphic scale, and a legend. Ideally enough
key features are included to provide adequate orientation to the reader, but not so much detail that the reader
is distracted from the most important site features.
1.2 BRIEF SUMMARY OF SITE CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Identify the following in this section to briefly describe the site conceptual model:
historic and continuing sources of ground water contamination, including soil contamination and non-
aqueous phase liquid (NAPL)
site hydrogeology, including depth to ground water, ground water flow direction (horizontal and
vertical), approximate ground water flow magnitude, interaction of ground water with surface water
potential human and ecological receptors
historic and current extent of contaminant plume with respect to sources, potential receptors, and other
landmarks such as property boundaries
brief description of historic site remedies, such as source removal or control activities, that impact the
site conceptual model
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1.3 STATEMENT OF REMEDY GOALS AND CONDITIONS FOR TERMINATING
THE GROUND WATER REMEDY
Identify the following in this section:
brief description of the current ground water remedy (including extension of water lines, institutional
controls, etc.) as outlined in a decision document, order, or permit
the short-term and long-term remedy goals (cleanup, containment, or both)
if both cleanup and containment are goals, the relative priority of each remedy goal as stated in decision
documents or agreed upon by the site stakeholders
the items to be measured to evaluate whether or not the goals are attained and if progress is being made
with respect to those goals
conditions that must be met to terminate all (or some) components of the ground water remedy as stated
in decision documents or agreed upon by the site stakeholders
Also indicate if there is an impending change in responsibility for operation of the remedy, such as a Superfund
"Fund-lead" site about to be turned over to a state, and the reason for the change.
1.4 REMEDY DESCRIPTION
1.4.1 Pump and Treat System Description
Provide a brief description of the extraction and treatment systems, including the following:
the number of extraction wells and the approximate total flow rate
a map indicating the locations of the extraction wells, the treatment plant, and discharge point
the treatment components and general design parameters of each component
where treated water is discharged
For other long-term ground water remediation technologies, such as in-situ bioremediation, the items described in
this section could be replaced or augmented by other pertinent items, such as injection wells, injection volumes,
etc.
1.4.2 Other Remedy Components
In this section, also identify other long-term ground water remedy components, such as institutional controls, that
augment the P&T system. For institutional controls, include the following:
what the institutional control is intended to accomplish
who it is designed to inform and what area it applies to
how the institutional control is implemented and maintained (e.g., zoning ordinance, deed restriction,
recurring notices to property owners, etc.)
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when the institutional control was implemented or will be implemented
the party that is responsible for compliance
1.5 INTERACTION WITH PUBLIC AND/OR AGENCIES
Indicate if there has been any significant interaction with the public or with regulators during the current reporting
period, or if such interaction is planned for the next reporting period. This might include items such as visits to the
site by concerned private citizens or community groups, or a site visit by regulatory agencies as part of a five-year
review.
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2.0 OPERATIONS SUMMARY
2.1 SYSTEM DOWNTIME
2.1.1 Routine
Include the following in this section:
if system does not run continuously by design, briefly explain why (this could alternatively be explained
in a general system description presented in the introduction of the report)
dates system was down for routine reasons, and briefly indicate the purpose for each downtime event
2.1.2 Non-Routine
Include the following in this section:
dates system was down for non-routine reasons - indicate the cause, and indicate what actions were taken
to resolve the situation
actions that have been taken (or are expected to be taken) to avoid the same situation from occurring in
the future or to otherwise minimize downtime in the future
Some evaluation should be made as whether or not such downtime may have resulted in unacceptable migration of
contaminants, or if any investigation is merited to reach such a conclusion.
2.2 OPERATIONAL DATA AND PROCESS MONITORING DATA
2.2.1 Plant Influent and Effluent, and Efficiency of Above-Ground Treatment Components
Include the following in this section:
treatment plant process monitoring schedule that clearly indicates the sampling locations within the
treatment plant, and the frequency for monitoring different parameters
flow rates and total volume treated (compare to historic values and design values)
influent concentrations (compare to historic values and design values, and also compare to treatment
plant discharge criteria to determine if treatment is actually required)
any new or unexpected constituents detected in the influent
effluent concentrations (compare to discharge criteria and historic values); any values that exceed
discharge criteria should be highlighted and an explanation should be included
compare plant influent concentrations to plant effluent concentrations to determine treatment efficiency
of the entire treatment system (compare to design treatment efficiency)
if there is process monitoring between treatment components, present and discuss the treatment
efficiency of individual treatment components
other data or information regarding efficiency, such as pressure differentials for filters, air-to-water ratios
for air strippers, etc.
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If actual values for flow rate, influent concentrations, or mass loading are very different from design values, an
evaluation of alternative treatment technologies may be merited to determine if there is a more cost-effective
option. Also, any additional sources of flow and/or mass loading to the system (e.g., purge water from well
sampling, filter backwash, water from other operations at the site, etc.) should be indicated.
Sample Tables or Figures Relevant to Section 2.2.1
Tables (see Appendix A)
- Treatment Plant Process Monitoring Schedule (Sample Table 1)
- Treatment Plant Flow Rate, VOC Influent Concentration, and VOCMass Loading (Sample Table 2)
- Treatment Plant Influent/Effluent Concentrations and Air Stripper Efficiency (Sample Table 3)
Parameter-specific discharge criteria should be included on tables that summarize effluent concentrations, and
effluent values that exceed discharge limits should be highlighted using holding and/or shading such that the
reader can easily identify them. Explanations for exceedances should be included as a footnote to the table
whenever possible and/or included in the text of the report. Also note that concentration values that are "not
detected" should always be presented in a manner that clearly identifies the detection limit, ff calculations
are made that are based on non-detect values (such as the "air stripper efficiency" or an average
concentration) a footnote should be used to indicate how non-detects were represented in the calculations.
Often, one-half of the detection limit is used for such calculations.
Figures (see Appendix B1
- Plant Influent Flow Rate over Time, Compared with Design Flow Rate (Sample Figure 2)
- Plant Influent VOC Concentration over Time, Compared with Design Concentration (Sample Figure 3)
- Plant Monthly Mass Loading and Cumulative Mass Loading (Sample Figure 4)
These figures illustrate historical data in addition to data from the current reporting period. The sample
figures clearly indicate the current reporting period, allowing the reader to compare recent data to historical
data. Design values are also included on the sample figures so the reader can easily discern if actual data are
consistent with design values. Axes for graphs should be clearly identified. Units used (such as "ug/1" for
concentrations) should be clearly identified in axis labels, titles, or legends. Annotations should be added to
figures when feasible to explain data that deviate from typical or expected values.
Note: Use footnotes on tables/figures to provide equations for calculations that are not obvious.
2.2.2 Extraction Well Data
Include the following in this section:
flow rates at extraction wells (compare to design values and to the maximum, minimum, and average of
the historic values); any significant changes should be highlighted, and an explanation should be
included
concentrations at extraction wells (compare to historic values)
specific capacities at extraction wells (compare to design estimates and historic values)
Specific capacity is the pumping rate divided by the in-well drawdown relative to non-pumping (i.e., "static")
conditions. Decreases in specific capacity indicate the potential for well fouling, and measuring specific capacity
may be important if there is a record of well fouling at the site. It is not always easy to compute specific capacity
because the static water level is often not determined on a regular basis, and generally cannot be determined
without shutting down pumping wells on a temporary basis. At many sites, it is not appropriate to shut down wells
even temporarily, and such shutdowns should be justified by an evaluation that unacceptable migration of
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contaminants will not occur. If static water level cannot be determined by intentionally shutting down pumping
wells until they recover (or by another means), it may be necessary to estimate the static water level for calculating
specific drawdown based on prior values (such as those determined during unintentional system shutdowns) or
based on extrapolation of water levels measured outside the zone of influence.
Sample Tables or Figures Relevant to Section 2.2.2
Tables (see Appendix A)
- Extraction Wells: Pumping Rates and VOC Concentrations (Sample Table 4)
- Specific Capacity at Extraction Wells (Sample Table 5)
Figures (see Appendix B)
-Average Flow Rates (Monthly) for Extraction Wells (Sample Figure 5)
Declining extraction rates and/or declining specific capacities are indicative of potential fouling of the
extraction well, and suggest the potential need for well rehabilitation. At some sites individual extraction
wells may be pumping water that is below all pertinent ground water criteria, and discontinuing the pumping
at those wells may be appropriate if that pumping is not required for plume capture.
2.3 UTILITIES, CONSUMABLES, AND WASTE HANDLING/DISPOSAL
2.3.1 Utilities Used
Include the following in this section:
electricity and gas usage, and a list of components which use the majority of those resources
water usage (indicate what it is used for)
sewer usage (indicate discharge fee if one applies) for either a publicly owned treatment works (POTW)
where treated or untreated ground water is discharged or for a sanitary sewer if those costs are significant
phone/fax/internet costs (if they are significant)
2.3.2 Consumables Used
Identify the purpose of each item, quantities used, and replacement frequency (e.g., liquid GAC, vapor GAC,
chemical additions, ion exchange resin, etc.).
2.3.3 Waste Handling/Disposal
Include the following in this section:
types and quantities of waste generated (such as metals sludge, spent cartridge filters, etc.)
where waste is disposed of (including manifest tracking number)
any required waste sampling, and results of such sampling
If waste manifests are included as an appendix to the report, provide a reference to that appendix in this section.
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2.4 PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED WITH P&T COMPONENT OPERATION
2.4.1 Subsurface
Indicate problems identified (e.g., pump failures, well fouling, piping leaks, flooded vaults, etc.), and explain how
the problems have been (or will be) addressed.
2.4.2 Above-Ground Treatment System
Indicate problems identified (e.g., equipment failures, safety problems, etc.), and explain how the problems have
been (or will be) addressed.
2.5 SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
2.5.1 Routine Maintenance
Summarize the routine maintenance activities performed during the reporting period, and identify planned routine
maintenance for the next reporting period.
2.5.2 System Modifications and Non-Routine Maintenance
Summarize any system modifications or non-routine maintenance performed during the reporting period, including
the reason the activity was performed and the results of the actions that were taken. If the remedy was modified,
identify how the effectiveness of that modification may be tracked over time. Identify non-routine maintenance
planned for the next reporting period (e.g., pump replacement, well rehabilitation, etc.). Identify schedule for
major equipment replacement or reconstruction.
2.6 OTHER OPERATIONS INFORMATION
There may be important operations information that is not covered in the above sections. This section could be
used to provide information such as the following:
effectiveness of any institutional controls in accomplishing its intended goal, including the information
collected and reviewed to evaluate this effectiveness
any changes in contact information or the project team, including office-based contacts or treatment
plant operators
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3.0 SUBSURFACE PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
3.1 SAMPLING EVENTS PERFORMED DURING THIS REPORTING PERIOD
Include the following in this section:
a site location map indicating sampling locations
a list or table of sampling dates and sampling locations for water level measurements and water quality
data (indicate which constituents were analyzed), and similar information for any other media sampled
such as sediment, surface water, or air
an indication of how the sampling in the current reporting period relates to an overall sampling schedule
(e.g., "as per the O&M plan, sampling in this quarter was only performed at eight wells, while sampling
next quarter will be performed at all 15 site wells")
sampling and analysis methods
for ground water wells, a "well construction" table that provides the following:
* well name
* date drilled
> x-y coordinates (in a coordinate system that is identified)
* ground surface elevation
> measuring point, and how it is identified (such as "top of casing")
* total depth
> aquifer screened
* screen interval (top/bottom screen in ft MSL and/or depth from ground surface)
Sample Tables or Figures Relevant to Section 3.1
Tables (see Appendix A)
- Well Construction Information (Sample Table 6)
Figures (see Appendix B)
- Site Vicinity and Well Locations (Sample Figure 1)
Wells screening different hydrogeologic units should be clearly differentiated on figures.
3.2 SAMPLING RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION
3.2.1 Water Levels
Include the following in this section:
a table of water level measurements from the current reporting period that includes the following
* well name
* aquifer or unit monitored
* measuring point elevation
* date
17
-------
* depth to water
> water level elevation
if appropriate, historical water level measurements (either in same table, a separate table, or an appendix)
potentiometric surface contour maps (one map for each hydrostratigraphic unit of concern), for one or
more dates during the reporting period
* measured values should be indicated
> target capture zone and interpreted capture zone should be indicated whenever possible
* indicate if contouring was done by hand or with software
> if software is used for the contouring, indicate the software used, the options selected for
interpolating the data, and if any "pseudo data points" were added
for sites where vertical flow is important, patterns of vertical flow evaluated in text, tables, and figures
(The end result should be an understanding of flow in three dimensions. Such evaluation can include
water levels at clustered locations with wells that screen in different aquifers or horizons and interpreted
maps illustrating locations of upward and downward flow. The upward and downward flow could be
indicated at cluster locations or can be based on contoured water levels in different aquifers or horizons.)
if appropriate, hydrographs of individual wells to illustrate changes in water level versus time, and/or
hydrographs for well pairs to illustrate head differences between the two locations overtime (i.e., to
establish upward or downward flow, inward flow across a boundary, etc.)
Sample Tables or Figures Relevant to Section 3.2.1
Tables (see Appendix A)
- Water Level Measurements, October 2002 (Sample Table 7)
-Historical Water Level Elevations, ft MSL (Sample Table 8)
Water level depths and elevations are generally reported to two decimal places. It is very important to clearly
indicate whether specific data pertain to a "depth" or an "elevation". If data pertain to a depth, the measuring
point should also be indicated so elevations can be established. For tables that span multiple pages, it is
suggested that page numbers include the total number of pages in the table, so the reader can determine if
pages are missing.
Figures (see Appendix B)
- Shallow Water Levels, October 2002 (Sample Figure 6)
- Water Levels at PZ-2 versus Extraction Rate ofEW-2 (Sample Figure 7)
- Hydrograph for MW-14 andMW-14D Well Cluster (Sample Figure 8)
Note on the potentiometric surface map for shallow water levels that the actual measured values are indicated
in addition to the contours, and that the contouring method is indicated. Also note that the target capture
zone and interpreted capture zone are included on the figure. Potentiometric surface maps should include a
north arrow, graphic scale, legend, and enough basemap features to adequately orient the reader. On
hydrographs that illustrate water level versus time, axes should be clearly labeled. Note that one of these
figures uses two different y-axes (water levels and pumping rates), with each axis clearly labeled including
units of measurement. The scale of the y-axis should be selected so that variations in graphed values that are
important can in fact be discerned by the reader. Sample Figure 8 illustrates a hydrograph used to interpret
vertical flow potential (upward versus downward) at a specific location. Maps can also be used for such
interpretations over space for a specific point in time.
18
-------
3.2.2 Ground Water Concentrations
Include the following in this section:
a table that provides the following data:
* well name
> aquifer or unit monitored
* constituent and regulatory criteria for the constituent
> date sampled
* concentration (highlight values that exceed regulatory criteria)
* units of measurement
* any laboratory flags (e.g., "D", "J", etc.)
> sampling method (if the sampling method has changed or multiple methods are used at the site)
non-detect values reported in a manner that indicates the constituent was not detected above a specific
value, such as "ND(10)" or "<10" (Non-detect values should not simply be reported as ND)
if appropriate, historical concentration measurements (either in the same table, a separate table, or an
appendix)
maps indicating the extent of contamination ("Bubble maps", where the size of the bubble increases or
color changes as concentration increases, may be effective for illustrating concentrations, either alone, or
in conjunction with a contour map. Bubble sizes or colors should be explained in a legend and
consideration should be given to choosing colors so that bubbles can be easily distinguished if the figure
is printed in black and white. The concentration ranges that correspond to the various bubbles should be
tied to meaningful values, such as the cleanup level or various orders of magnitude above the cleanup
level.)
the following information if concentration contours are generated:
> measured values
* method of contouring (e.g., by hand or with software)
> if software is used for the contouring, the name of the software, the options selected for
interpolating the data, and if any "pseudo data points" were added (The reader should be able to
produce a similar plot based on the information provided.)
* any changes in contour methods or the number of data points if contour methods or the number of
data points have changed since previous reports
if appropriate, plots of concentration versus time at individual wells or groups of wells to illustrate trends
3.2.3 Other Monitoring Results
O&M monitoring may also be performed for the following other media:
surface water
sediment
air
Include tables, figures, and/or appendices to present current and historical sampling results for these media as
appropriate.
19
-------
Sample Tables or Figures Relevant to Section 3.2.2
Tables (see Appendix A)
- Historical Concentration Data at Monitoring Wells (Sample Table 9)
This is one of many formats that can be used. The format selected depends on the number of constituents, the
number of wells, and the number of sampling events. For tables that span multiple pages (often the case), it is
suggested that page numbers include the total number of pages in the table, so the reader can determine if
pages are missing. Ground water criteria should be indicated on the table, and values that exceed the criteria
should be highlighted using bolding and/or shading so they are easily identified. Values that are "not
detected" should always be presented in a manner that clearly identifies the detection limit.
Figures (see Appendix B)
- Shallow Benzene Concentrations, October 2002 (Sample Figure 9)
- Benzene Concentration versus Time atMW-8, MW-8D, andMW-9 (Sample Figure 10)
The sample map for shallow benzene concentrations is a "bubble map", where the size of the bubble increases
as concentrations increase. The legend is essential for such figures. It is recommended that bubble sizes
allow concentrations below pertinent criteria to be easily identified. "Non-detect" values should be indicated
with a unique symbol so they can be easily identified. Measured values should be displayed whenever
possible. Concentration maps should include a north arrow, graphic scale, legend, and enough basemap
features to adequately orient the reader. On the graphs of concentration versus time, axes should be clearly
labeled. A logarithmic scale is often used for the y-axis because concentration ranges are so large. When
using a logarithmic scale a value of "0" is not permitted, so values that are "not detected" should be plotted at
one-half the detection limit, the detection limit, or an assigned value such as "0.1". The approach used for
plotting "non-detects" should be indicated on the figure. Ground water criteria can also be indicated on the
figure for clarity.
3.3 INTERPRETATION OF PROGRESS TOWARD SYSTEM GOALS
3.3.1 Progress with Respect to Short-Term Goals
Discuss if short-term goals (see Section 1.2) are being met, based on an interpretation of O&M data. Explain how
the data support the conclusion. Statistical analysis of the data may be helpful in identifying/evaluating trends or
comparing concentrations to baseline or cleanup levels because it helps eliminate bias during data interpretation.
3.3.2 Progress with Respect to Long-Term Goals
Discuss if long-term goals are being met (see Section 1.2) based on an interpretation of O&M data. Explain how
the newly collected data and data trends support that conclusion. Compare the data to preset milestones, provide
an estimate as to when long-term goals are expected to be achieved, and explain the basis for that estimate.
Indicate if consideration of modified remedial strategy (more aggressive or less aggressive) and/or consideration of
Technical Impracticability is appropriate. Statistical analysis of the data may be helpful in identifying/evaluating
trends or comparing concentrations to baseline or cleanup levels because it helps eliminate bias during data
interpretation. For additional information on statistical tools, the reader is referred to the following documents:
Gibbons, R. and D. Coleman, Statistical Methods for Detection and Quantification of Environmental
Contamination, John Wiley & Sons, 2001
Methods for Evaluating the Attainment of Cleanup Standards, Volume 2: Ground Water, U.S. EPA,
1992 (EPA 230-R-92-014)
20
-------
3.3.3 Gaps or Inconsistencies in Site Conceptual Model
Indicate whether or not there are gaps in the conceptual understanding of contaminant sources and/or contaminant
transport at the site that prevent an adequate assessment of system effectiveness and progress towards remedy
goals. If such gaps in the site conceptual model exist, suggest data collection activities that would mitigate the
gaps, including a cost-benefit assessment as to whether or not such data collection should be pursued. When
appropriate, provide a time table for when those suggested activities could be implemented. If new data have been
collected that alters the site conceptual model, discuss how the site conceptual model has been modified.
21
-------
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22
-------
4.0 SUGGESTED SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS
4.1 SUGGESTIONS FOR SYSTEM MODIFICATION
Include suggestions for system modifications to improve performance, reduce costs, and/or increase likelihood of
achieving cleanup goals. Components of O&M to be considered for modifications include the following:
ground water extraction
above-ground treatment
disposal of treated water
long-term monitoring program
Evaluate potential modifications based on system inefficiencies, technological developments, modified regulations,
and recent revisions to the site conceptual model. Include an estimate of costs to implement the recommendations,
and estimate the increase or decrease in annual costs likely to result from the recommendation. Summarize the
findings and recommendations from recent evaluations and the progress toward implementing those
recommendations.
23
-------
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-------
APPENDIX A:
SAMPLE TABLES
The sample tables presented herein are intended to highlight items discussed within this document and to serve as a
guide for format and/or content of such tables in an O&M report. Obviously, it is not possible to provide sample
tables that directly apply to all sites. Some site-specific issues that might add additional complexity include the
following:
multiple aquifers impacted by contaminants
multiple contaminant types (e.g., metals, VOCs, pesticides, etc.)
multiple remedies (e.g., P&T coupled with soil vapor extraction (SVE) or free product recovery)
multiple media where sampling is performed (e.g., ground water, surface water, sediments)
There may also be site-specific requirements that mandate different formats and/or additional content to be
displayed in tables.
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Sample Table 1. Treatment Plant Process Monitoring Schedule
«A
(EQ tank eff)
metals II quarterly
VOC's I quarterly
B
(filter eff)
quarterly
C
(air stripper eff)
quarterly
D
(GAC-1 eff)
quarterly
E
(GAC-2 eff)
monthly
monthly
Sampling Points
A: Effluent from equalization tank (blended influent to treatment plant, prior to filters)
B: Effluent from filters (prior to air stripper)
C: Effluent from air stripper
D: After first of two GAG vessels operated in series
E: After second of two GAC vessels operated in series (plant effluent)
-------
Sample Table 2. Treatment Plant Flow Rate, VOC Influent Concentration, and VOC Mass Loading
Month
Jan-99
Feb-99
Mar-99
Apr-99
May-99
Jun-99
Jul-99
Aug-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Nov-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Mar-00
Apr-00
May-00
Jun-00
Jul-00
Aug-00
Sep-00
Oct-00
Nov-00
Dec-00
Jan-01
Feb-01
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01
Jan-02
Feb-02
Mar-02
Apr-02
May-02
Jun-02
Jul-02
Aug-02
Sep-02
Oct-02
Nov-02
Dec-02
Jan-03
Feb-03
Mar-03
Apr-03
May-03
Jun-03
Jul-03
Au g -03
Sep-03
Oct-03
Nov-03
Dec-03
Flow Rate
(gpm)
62.2
65.1
64.2
65.3
64.0
64.3
63.3
67.6
62.9
48.6
62.6
64.7
65.7
63.3
65.0
63.5
65.3
58.2
57.4
58.1
54.9
54.9
55.0
68.4
66.0
67.2
62.5
68.0
63.2
64.5
62.1
64.5
59.9
55.2
54.2
51.8
50.8
48.4
65.9
62.9
66.2
62.1
63.8
68.3
67.5
63.3
65.6
59.6
68.1
61.7
64.7
63.9
62.5
61.9
62.1
64.2
64.3
66.2
67.0
65.0
Design
Flow Rate
(gpm)
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Influent
VOC Cone.
(ug/L)
1194.4
843.7
870.5
806.4
1008.4
666.8
623.2
561.8
686.5
692.2
629.1
622.8
400.3
517.0
563.8
484.7
571.5
557.2
582.7
548.2
397.8
444.4
364.4
373.7
337.2
358.8
349.4
326.3
Design Influent
VOC Cone.
(ug/L)
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
Mass Loading
This Month
(Ibs)
26.7
19.8
20.1
18.9
23.2
15.4
14.2
13.7
15.5
12.1
14.2
14.5
14.5
14.5
9.4
9.4
9.4
10.8
10.8
10.8
11.1
11.1
11.1
11.9
11.9
11.9
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.9
12.9
12.9
12.6
12.6
12.6
10.2
10.2
10.2
9.4
9.4
9.4
9.9
9.9
9.9
8.8
8.8
8.8
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.8
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
7.6
Design Mass Loading
Per Month
(Ibs)
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
71.9
Cumulative
Mass Loading
(Ibs)
26.7
46.5
66.6
85.5
108.7
124.2
138.4
152.0
167.6
179.7
193.8
208.3
222.8
237.3
246.7
256.0
265.4
276.2
287.0
297.9
309.0
320.1
331.3
343.2
355.1
367.0
379.9
392.7
405.6
418.5
431.4
444.4
456.9
469.5
482.0
492.3
502.5
512.7
522.1
531.5
541.0
550.9
560.8
570.8
579.6
588.5
597.3
605.3
613.3
621.3
629.2
637.0
644.9
652.9
660.9
668.9
676.9
685.0
693.1
700.7
Notes: Mass per Month (Ibs) = Q (gpm) * C (ug/L) * 3.785L/gallon * 1440min/day * 2.2lbs/1 E9ug * SOday/month
-------
Sample Table 3. Treatment Plant Influent/Effluent Concentrations and Air Stripper Efficiency
Month
Discharge Limit
Jan-99
Feb-99
Mar-99
Apr-99
May-99
Jun-99
Jul-99
Aug-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Nov-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Mar-00
Apr-00
May-00
Jun-00
Jul-00
Aug-00
Sep-00
Oct-00
Nov-00
Dec-00
Jan-01
Feb-01
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01
Jan-02
Feb-02
Mar-02
Apr-02
May-02
Jun-02
Jul-02
Aug-02
Sep-02
Oct-02
Nov-02
Dec-02
Jan-03
Feb-03
Mar-03
Apr-03
May-03
Jun-03
Jul-03
Aug-03
Sep-03
Oct-03
Nov-03
Dec-03
Influent
Benzene
(ug/L)
5
1194.4
843.7
870.5
806.4
1008.4
666.8
623.2
561.8
686.5
692.2
629.1
622.8
400.3
517.0
563.8
484.7
571.5
557.2
582.7
548.2
397.8
444.4
364.4
373.7
337.2
358.8
349.4
326.3
Influent
Nickel
(ug/L)
200
29.6
16.8
41.4
42.0
41.9
29.1
21.7
34.2
38.4
10.8
29.1
16.7
32.5
12.8
38.5
29.8
29.1
34.3
30.6
26.0
21.7
28.5
30.6
14.4
15.8
35.2
19.7
37.7
Influent
Lead
(ug/L)
50
25.2
23.8
28.7
27.3
25.2
11.3
18.8
21.2
32.2
10.9
28.4
19.9
23.5
7.6
30.1
14.7
20.8
22.8
23.2
32.9
11.5
12.2
27.8
35.8
33
26.5
20.1
23.4
Effluent
Benzene*
(ug/L)
5
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
9.4**
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
Effluent
Nickel
(ug/L)
200
20.8
15.6
25.0
27.3
29.2
14.0
18.5
16.4
26.8
10.3
16.1
14.6
20.7
11.2
22.8
20.5
13.5
10.2
18.7
12.0
19.3
26.7
16.7
22.3
17.8
21.3
26.9
17.8
17.1
17.1
29.1
15.5
22.4
11.0
15.2
24.8
12.5
20.2
11.5
25.6
24.4
12.9
20.3
15.6
13.2
15.8
26.7
10.5
12.6
18.9
14.8
26.2
14.2
20.3
25.1
24.9
13.5
27.6
22.6
29.1
Effluent
Lead
(ug/L)
50
13.1
9.2
16.2
18.0
19.4
8.0
11.4
9.8
17.6
5.2
9.6
8.4
13.0
5.9
14.6
12.9
7.6
5.2
11.5
6.5
12.0
17.5
10.0
14.2
10.8
13.5
17.7
10.9
10.4
10.3
19.3
9.1
14.3
5.7
8.9
16.1
15.8
13.0
7.1
15.2
8.9
7.5
9.0
12.7
13.9
20.0
18.6
16.4
9.4
8.1
16.2
17.1
18.7
8.6
19.0
11.6
18.2
6.9
14.5
17.6
Benzene Between
Air Stripper and GAC
(ug/L)
19.2
7.1
13.9
11.1
15.4
10.3
9.1
5.6
11.8
5.7
10.7
3.7
4
3.9
2.9
1.1
5.2
5.1
5
4.9
5.5
ND(1)
4.3
3.9
2.3
1.8
ND(1)
ND(1)
Air Sripper
Efficiency***
(%)
98.39%
99.16%
98.40%
98.62%
98.47%
98.46%
98.54%
99.00%
98.28%
99.18%
98.30%
99.41%
99.00%
99.25%
99.49%
99.77%
99.09%
99.08%
99.14%
99.11%
98.62%
99.89%
98.82%
98.96%
99.32%
99.50%
99.86%
99.85%
* ND(1) indicates sample was "not detected" above a detection limit of 1.0 ug/l
** Exceedance of discharge criteria due to fouled carbon, more frequent carbon changeouts instituted thereafter
*** If sample between stripper and GAC was "not detect", the air stripper efficiency is calculated using half the detection limit
-------
Sample Table 4. Extraction Wells: Pumping Rates and VOC Concentrations
Month
Jan-99
Feb-99
Mar-99
Apr-99
May-99
Jun-99
Jul-99
Aug-99
Sep-99
Oct-99
Nov-99
Dec-99
Jan-00
Feb-00
Mar-00
Apr-00
May-00
Jun-00
Jul-00
Aug-00
Sep-00
Oct-00
Nov-00
Dec-00
Jan-01
Feb-01
Mar-01
Apr-01
May-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01
Jan-02
Feb-02
Mar-02
Apr-02
May-02
Jun-02
Jul-02
Aug-02
Sep-02
Oct-02
Nov-02
Dec-02
Jan-03
Feb-03
Mar-03
Apr-03
May-03
Jun-03
Jul-03
Aug-03
Sep-03
Oct-03
Nov-03
Dec-03
EW-1
3.4
5.0
3.8
3.8
4.6
3.7
3.8
5.0
3.3
4.0
3.3
4.6
4.9
3.2
3.1
4.2
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.8
4.5
3.7
3.9
4.9
3.7
3.3
4.6
3.5
4.9
3.7
3.0
3.0
4.7
3.2
3.5
3.1
3.8
3.1
4.7
4.3
4.7
4.7
4.1
3.5
4.2
3.6
3.7
3.6
4.1
4.3
3.8
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.6
3.2
3.4
4.0
4.1
3.3
Pumping F
EW-2
16.4
19.6
19.3
18.1
19.0
17.4
18.6
19.3
15.4
19.8
17.0
18.7
16.7
17.3
19.3
19.0
16.5
14.0
11.0
10.2
9.6
9.8
8.4
18.8
19.2
19.4
16.0
19.9
15.6
18.7
18.2
19.7
18.2
16.5
18.6
19.0
16.7
19.0
17.9
17.8
18.6
16.0
18.7
20.0
18.5
15.3
19.6
15.3
19.2
16.3
18.1
18.0
15.4
16.0
16.9
16.1
18.8
17.8
18.2
16.8
?ate (qpm)
EW-3
42.4
40.5
41.1
43.4
40.4
43.2
40.9
43.3
44.2
24.8
42.3
41.4
44.1
42.8
42.6
40.3
44.9
40.4
42.7
44.1
40.8
41.4
42.7
44.7
43.1
44.5
41.9
44.6
42.7
42.1
40.9
41.8
37.0
35.5
32.1
29.7
30.3
26.3
43.3
40.8
42.9
41.4
41.0
44.8
44.8
44.4
42.3
40.7
44.8
41.1
42.8
42.4
43.7
42.8
41.6
44.9
42.1
44.4
44.7
44.9
Total
62.2
65.1
64.2
65.3
64.0
64.3
63.3
67.6
62.9
48.6
62.6
64.7
65.7
63.3
65.0
63.5
65.3
58.2
57.4
58.1
54.9
54.9
55.0
68.4
66.0
67.2
62.5
68.0
63.2
64.5
62.1
64.5
59.9
55.2
54.2
51.8
50.8
48.4
65.9
62.9
66.2
62.1
63.8
68.3
67.5
63.3
65.6
59.6
68.1
61.7
64.7
63.9
62.5
61.9
62.1
64.2
64.3
66.2
67.0
65.0
VOC
EW-1
3983.2
3613.2
2067.8
2959.1
2544.2
2989.7
3086.9
2720.8
2665.7
3487.5
Concentration
EW-2
2836.8
1625.9
1234.6
907.6
584.0
696.7
751.3
874.2
471.0
179.2
(ua/n
EW-3
335.5
218.9
210.9
154.5
243.3
142.9
116.4
64.5
121.4
124.3
-------
Sample Table 5. Specific Capacity at Extraction Wells
Sample Date
1/13/1999
4/6/1999
7/15/1999
10/5/1999
4/7/2000
10/1/2000
4/12/2001
10/14/2001
4/9/2002
10/3/2002
4/14/2003
10/16/2003
Pumpina Rate (acml
EW-1
3.6
3.8
3.7
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.5
3.3
4.1
3.8
3.7
4.2
EW-2
17.0
18.2
18.6
19.4
19.4
7.6
19.9
17.5
17.0
16.3
18.0
18.8
EW-3
44.4
41.0
40.3
40.4
40.8
42.2
43.0
32.5
40.8
44.4
45.0
43.9
In-Well Drawdown (ft)
EW-1
12.54
13.11
13.44
12.93
13.22
12.24
11.43
11.88
13.32
13.01
12.34
14.11
EW-2
25.32
26.29
25.77
26.78
37.44
45.33
25.00
22.32
20.87
18.33
21.10
20.88
EW-3
24.22
23.95
24.33
24.00
25.00
27.34
35.33
40.98
24.04
25.22
25.39
24.87
Specific Capacity (acm/ft)
EW-1
0.29
0.29
0.28
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.31
0.28
0.31
0.29
0.30
0.30
EW-2
0.67
0.69
0.72
0.72
0.52
0,17
0.80
0.78
0.81
0.89
0.85
0.90
EW-3
1.83
1.71
1.66
1.68
1.63
1.54
1.22
0.79
1.70
1.76
1.77
1.77
Notes: (1) specific capacity is pumping rate divided by in-well drawdown, shaded values indicate significant decreases in specific capacity that suggest well fouling
(2) well EW-2 rehabilitated November 2000, well EW-3 rehabilitated January 2002
-------
Sample Table 6. Well Construction Information
WellJD
MW-1
MW-2
MW-3
MW-4
MW-5
MW-6
MW-7
MW-8
MW-9
MW-10
MW-11
MW-1 2
MW-1 3
MW-14
MW-1 5
MW-1 6
MW-1 7
PZ-1
PZ-2
PZ-3
MW-8D
MW-11D
MW-14D
EW-1
EW-2
EW-3
Date
Completed
Apr-95
Apr-95
Apr-95
Nov-95
Nov-95
Nov-95
Nov-95
Nov-95
Nov-95
May-96
May-96
May-96
May-96
May-96
May-96
May-96
May-96
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-95
May-96
May-96
Nov-97
Nov-97
Nov-97
X Coord
(ft)
2197.08
1777.64
1907.00
1966.36
1816.00
1616.64
2225.08
1942.00
1760.00
2050.36
1802.00
1924.36
1844.00
1936.17
1952.36
2106.08
1987.36
1959.36
1817.87
1982.37
1945.00
1805.00
1940.17
1938.64
1805.64
1993.8
Y Coord
(ft)
1992.72
2020.44
1978.72
1929.72
1901.72
1793.36
1796.72
1730.36
1601.00
1594.00
1464.64
1307.28
1205.92
1244.00
814.20
835.20
964.56
1174.28
1763.40
1761.77
1734.36
1468.64
1247.00
1167.56
1786.08
1786.08
Ground Surface
Elevation
(ft MSL)
653.97
651 .49
656.06
645.74
647.98
646.77
655.58
647.07
656.89
657.02
656.70
652.99
658.51
653.47
682.1 1
681.12
684.22
665.07
659.14
642.92
646.95
658.35
655.18
666.00
661.12
642.99
Measuring Point
TOC* Elevation
(ft MSL)
655.47
652.99
657.56
647.24
649.48
648.27
657.08
648.57
658.39
658.52
658.20
654.49
660.01
654.97
683.61
682.62
685.72
666.57
660.64
644.42
648.45
659.85
656.68
Total Depth
(ft)
62.77
71.37
62.17
53.65
47.42
52.31
50.64
63.45
50.58
46.87
57.33
54.70
57.66
55.91
50.33
55.00
41.72
44.22
59.44
39.46
80.66
93.43
89.96
60.00
105.00
85.00
Aquifer
Screened **
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
D
D
D
S
S
S
Depth To
Top Screen
(ft)
50.00
55.00
50.00
38.00
35.00
40.00
37.00
35.00
40.00
35.00
38.00
37.00
38.00
40.00
34.00
37.00
31.00
25.00
55.00
39.00
108.00
118.00
113.00
25.00
60.00
40.00
Depth To
Bottom Screen
(ft)
60.00
65.00
60.00
48.00
45.00
50.00
47.00
45.00
50.00
45.00
48.00
47.00
48.00
50.00
44.00
47.00
41.00
35.00
65.00
49.00
118.00
128.00
123.00
55.00
100.00
80.00
Elevation
Top Screen
(ft MSL)
603.97
596.49
606.06
607.74
612.98
606.77
618.58
612.07
616.89
622.02
618.70
615.99
620.51
613.47
648.1 1
644.12
653.22
640.07
604.14
603.92
538.95
540.35
542.18
641 .00
601.12
602.99
Elevation
Bottom Screen
(ft MSL)
593.97
586.49
596.06
597.74
602.98
596.77
608.58
602.07
606.89
612.02
608.70
605.99
610.51
603.47
638.1 1
634.12
643.22
630.07
594.14
593.92
528.95
530.35
532.18
61 1 .00
561.12
562.99
1 TOC indicates "Top of Casing"
** S indicates the shallow aquifer,
and D indicates the deep aquifer
-------
Sample Table 7. Water Level Measurements, October 2003
Well ID
MW-1
MW-2
MW-3
MW-4
MW-5
MW-6
MW-7
MW-8
MW-9
MW-10
MW-11
MW-1 2
MW-1 3
MW-1 4
MW-1 5
MW-1 6
MW-1 7
PZ-1
PZ-2
PZ-3
MW-8D
MW-11D
MW-14D
Aquifer
Screened *
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
D
D
D
TOC
Elevation
(ft MSL)
655.47
652.99
657.56
647.24
649.48
648.27
657.08
648.57
658.39
658.52
658.20
654.49
660.01
654.97
683.61
682.62
685.72
666.57
660.64
644.42
648.45
659.85
656.68
Depth to
Water
(ft)
49.73
47.64
51.74
37.79
38.97
28.53
36.84
36.91
30.52
31.26
21.75
11.93
15.36
12.33
9.47
8.29
18.49
21.72
34.28
19.12
7.45
35.61
9.82
Water Level
Elevation
(ft MSL)
605.74
605.35
605.82
609.45
610.51
619.74
620.24
611.66
627.87
627.26
636.45
642.56
644.65
642.64
674.14
674.33
667.23
644.85
626.36
625.30
641.00
624.24
646.86
' S indicates the shallow aquifer, and D indicates the deep aquifer
-------
Sample Table 8. Historical Water Level Elevations (ft MSL)
Page 1 of 2
Well ID
Aquifer
Monitored
01/01/99
04/01/99
07/01/99
10/01/99
01/01/00
04/01/00
07/01/00
10/01/00
01/01/01
04/01/01
07/01/01
10/01/01
01/01/02
04/01/02
07/01/02
10/01/02
01/01/03
04/01/03
07/01/03
10/01/03
MW-1
Shallow
606.11
604.73
603.44
603.92
606.88
604.32
602.05
602.46
605.86
605.37
603.98
605.06
606.71
602.86
601 .88
602.37
605.69
604.96
604.29
605.74
MW-2
Shallow
605.12
605.56
602.16
604.70
604.96
604.90
600.71
605.77
605.45
605.27
604.73
605.54
605.07
604.74
605.56
605.74
605.42
605.35
605.44
605.35
MW-3
Shallow
606.11
606.47
602.85
606.61
606.52
606.44
601 .64
606.05
605.65
605.72
606.40
606.78
606.48
606.28
606.26
605.33
605.82
605.34
606.27
605.82
MW-4
Shallow
609.09
609.38
605.90
609.24
609.46
609.75
604.95
608.77
609.21
608.74
609.09
608.53
608.81
608.82
609.37
609.80
609.32
609.10
609.07
609.45
MW-5
Shallow
610.08
610.05
606.48
610.48
610.08
609.65
605.20
610.36
609.90
609.54
610.03
609.86
609.76
609.66
609.87
610.80
610.39
610.27
609.59
610.51
MW-6
Shallow
619.26
619.59
615.72
619.34
619.06
619.49
614.34
619.65
619.32
619.21
619.59
620.02
619.71
619.82
618.96
619.69
619.54
620.02
618.77
619.74
MW-7
Shallow
620.20
620.24
616.96
620.22
620.11
619.85
616.02
620.05
620.46
620.84
619.92
620.85
620.58
620.74
620.01
620.13
620.28
620.40
620.39
620.24
MW-8
Shallow
61 1 .57
61 1 .88
608.32
61 1 .40
61 1 .44
611.41
607.47
61 1 .52
61 1 .79
61 1 .62
61 1 .78
61 1 .86
612.31
610.95
61 1 .87
612.13
61 1 .67
612.10
61 1 .66
61 1 .66
MW-9
Shallow
627.94
628.20
625.27
628.28
628.14
627.99
623.02
628.35
627.94
627.63
627.88
627.92
627.92
628.26
627.59
628.11
627.68
627.78
628.36
627.87
MW-10
Shallow
627.44
627.04
624.24
627.47
627.49
627.76
622.69
627.09
627.51
627.95
627.63
627.35
627.17
627.32
627.65
627.60
627.12
627.07
627.49
627.26
MW-11
Shallow
636.37
636.84
633.04
635.98
636.05
635.58
632.40
635.82
636.15
635.92
636.10
636.80
636.59
637.05
635.92
636.18
636.64
636.86
636.40
636.45
-------
Sample Table 8. Historical Water Level Elevations (ft MSL)
Page 2 of 2
Well ID
Aquifer
Monitored
01/01/99
04/01/99
07/01/99
10/01/99
01/01/00
04/01/00
07/01/00
10/01/00
01/01/01
04/01/01
07/01/01
10/01/01
01/01/02
04/01/02
07/01/02
10/01/02
01/01/03
04/01/03
07/01/03
10/01/03
MW-12
Shallow
642.32
642.44
638.72
642.32
641 .91
641 .83
638.34
642.32
641 .97
642.23
642.54
641 .92
642.05
641 .98
642.75
642.84
642.49
642.65
642.73
642.56
MW-13
Shallow
644.80
644.66
641 .26
644.81
645.26
644.84
640.38
645.56
645.17
645.52
644.57
644.65
644.45
644.07
644.60
645.16
644.85
645.19
644.47
644.65
MW-14
Shallow
642.82
642.83
639.22
642.15
642.53
642.28
638.74
642.71
642.38
642.17
643.22
643.12
642.79
643.14
643.19
642.29
642.66
642.43
642.53
642.64
MW-15
Shallow
674.66
674.82
671 .09
674.77
674.55
674.81
669.95
674.40
674.86
674.52
675.10
674.34
674.29
674.73
674.87
674.41
674.28
674.60
674.22
674.14
MW-16
Shallow
674.56
674.86
671 .62
674.85
674.68
674.47
670.52
674.57
674.13
673.70
674.60
674.62
674.19
674.64
674.67
674.29
674.50
674.93
674.07
674.33
MW-17
Shallow
667.62
667.14
664.50
667.45
667.27
667.41
662.95
667.69
667.43
667.24
667.60
667.63
667.23
667.21
667.21
667.33
667.30
667.76
667.61
667.23
PZ-1
Shallow
644.80
645.24
641 .84
644.59
644.49
644.63
640.11
644.82
644.59
644.85
644.33
644.57
644.39
644.00
644.54
645.43
645.07
645.53
644.37
644.85
PZ-2
Shallow
606.61
607.01
603.51
606.95
606.79
607.24
607.25
61 1 .07
606.49
606.50
606.53
607.19
607.00
607.19
606.58
606.20
606.47
606.30
606.53
606.36
PZ-3
Shallow
605.12
605.45
601 .73
605.50
605.12
605.16
600.40
605.61
605.39
605.75
605.11
610.58
610.20
604.90
605.30
605.51
605.42
604.96
604.95
605.30
MW-8D
Deep
641.51
641.41
638.19
641 .99
641 .82
642.29
637.24
642.36
641 .87
642.35
641 .43
641 .28
641 .42
641 .53
641 .58
640.69
641 .09
641 .32
641 .69
641 .00
MW-1 1 D
Deep
623.86
623.44
620.98
623.52
623.87
624.08
619.18
624.63
624.27
623.81
623.46
624.23
623.90
623.64
624.24
623.70
624.11
624.15
624.14
624.24
MW-14D
Deep
646.34
646.73
643.04
645.99
646.32
646.69
641 .53
646.30
646.06
646.43
645.96
646.22
646.62
646.26
646.12
646.59
646.74
646.64
646.35
646.86
-------
Sample Table 9. Historical Concentration Data at Monitoring Wells
Monitoring
Well
MCL
MW-1
(shallow)
MW-2
(shallow)
Date
Jan-98
Apr-98
Jul-98
Oct-98
Oct-99
Oct-00
Oct-01
Oct-02
Jan-98
Apr-98
Jul-98
Oct-98
Oct-99
Oct-00
Oct-01
Oct-02
Benzene
(Hg/L)
5
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
Toluene
(Hg/L)
1000
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
Ethyl
Benzene
(Mg/L)
700
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
Total
Xylenes
(Mg/L)
10000
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
Total Nickel
(Mg/L)
...
9.7
5.6
8.3
7.2
5.5
5.0
10.6
5.6
5.6
11.6
14.9
8.0
11.8
10.4
8.0
13.5
Total
Lead
(Hg/L)
15
5.4
5.0
8.4
9.5
5.5
7.6
9.2
6.1
6.2
6.0
5.7
5.9
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.3
{data omitted for many wells for this example}
MW-8
(shallow)
MW-8D
(deep)
MW-9
(shallow)
Jan-98
Apr-98
Jul-98
Oct-98
Oct-99
Oct-00
Oct-01
Oct-02
Jan-98
Apr-98
Jul-98
Oct-98
Oct-99
Oct-00
Oct-01
Oct-02
Jan-98
Apr-98
Jul-98
Oct-98
Oct-99
Oct-00
Oct-01
Oct-02
3153,5
3684.2
2209,1
2324.8
3191,7
4197.4
1614,8
2728.8
ND(1)
ND(1)
0.7J
1.3
ND(1)
ND(1)
1.1
ND(1)
120.0
53.0
18.2
2.4
ND(1)
ND(1)
1.3
ND(1)
91.5
121.6
103.1
108.2
131.3
75.6
144.5
141.9
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
ND(1)
5.2
9.0
13.4
14.2
14.6
14.9
6.0
13.3
2.6
ND(2)
ND(2)
4.5
3.0
ND(2)
3.9
4.4
30.5
27.3
30.7
31.4
20.2
33.2
37.8
25.8
26.5
12.8
20.7
14.3
29.7
18.3
23.1
11.4
22.3
21.0
17.1
22.7
24.5
12.8
13.2
28.8
16.3
17.2
7.8
13.8
6.6
11.5
10.4
12.1
{data omitted for remaining wells for this example}
Notes:
ND(1) indicates sample was "not detected" above a detection limit of 1.0 ug/l
J indicates "estimated value"
Values above the MCL are shaded and bolded
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APPENDIX B:
SAMPLE FIGURES
The sample figures presented herein are intended to highlight items discussed within this document and to serve as
a guide for format and/or content of such figures in an O&M report. Obviously, it is not possible to provide
sample figures that directly apply to all sites. Some site-specific issues that might add additional complexity
include the following:
multiple aquifers impacted by contaminants
multiple contaminant types (e.g., metals, VOCs, pesticides, etc.)
multiple remedies (e.g., P&T coupled with soil vapor extraction (SVE) or free product recovery)
multiple media where sampling is performed (e.g., ground water, surface water, sediments)
There may also be site-specific requirements that mandate different formats and/or additional content to be
displayed on figures.
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This page is intentionally left blank.
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Sample Figure 1. Site Vicinity and Well Locations
MW-2
Residential Area
MW-3
V
MW-4
MW-1
w
MW-5r
Rpz-:
EW-3
2 PZ-3lV
MW-8.
MW-7.
or
MV^-
-18
MW-9
MW-1 1 MW-1 1 D
MW-10
Agricultural Area
MW-19
I
MW-12
MW-1VMW-14D
MW-13
MW-17
MW-1 5
MW-1 6
Industrial Area
LEGEND
Shallow Piezometer
Shallow Extraction Well
Shallow Monitoring Well
Deep Monitoring Well
Buildings
Facility Boundary
C~~| Former Lagoon
100 0 100 200 Feet
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Sample Figure 2. Plant Influent Flow Rate Over Time, Compared With Design Flow Rate
120.0
100.0
80.0
40.0
20.0
Historic System Flow Rate
Design Flow Rate
EW-2 Rehabilitated
EW-3 Rehabilitated
EW-3 Pump Down 10 Days
Current Reporting Period
0.0
Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00 Dec-00 Jul-01 Dec-01 Jul-02 Dec-02 Jul-03 Dec-03
Month
Note: Although flow rate is less than design flow rate, capture appears sufficient based on water level map interpretations
-------
Sample Figure 3. Plant Influent VOC Concentration Over Time, Compared With Design Concentration
2400
2200
2000
-Historic Influent Concentration
Design Influent Concentration
Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00 Dec-00 Jul-01 Dec-01 Jul-02 Dec-02 Jul-03 Dec-03
Month
Note: Actual influent VOC's are far less than design values, cost-benefit analysis regarding alternative treatment technologies should be performed
-------
Sample Figure 4. Plant Monthly Mass Loading and Cumulative Mass Loading
80
70
60
50
O)
1 40
o
re
30
20
10
0
Mass per Month (Ibs) = Q (gpm) * C (ug/L) * 3.785L/gallon * 1440min/day * 2.2lbs/1E9ug * SOday/month
-Mass Loading (Ibs)
Design Mass Loading per Month
Cumulative Mass Loading (Ibs)
700
600
500
800
400
re
re
300
3
O
200
100
0
Jan-99 Jul-99 Jan-00 Jul-00 Dec-00 Jul-01 Dec-01 Jul-02 Dec-02 Jul-03 Dec-03
Month
Note: Actual mass loading is far less than design values, cost-benefit analysis regarding alternative treatment technologies should be performed
-------
Sample Figure 5. Average Flow Rates (Monthly) for Extraction Wells
EW-1 (Design Flow Rate: 10 gpm)
EW-2 (Design Flow Rate: 40 gpm)
EW-3 (Design Flow Rate: 50 gpm)
Current Reporting Period
EW-3 Rehabilitated
EW-3 Pump Down 10 Days
EW-2 Rehabilitated
n-99
Jul-99
Jan-00
Jul-00
Dec-00
Jul-01
Month
Dec-01
Jul-02
Dec-02
Jul-03
Dec-03
-------
Sample Figure 6. Shallow Water Levels (October 2002)
MVV-2 _--"
605.35 MW-3
605*. 82
I609'.45r
LEGEND
.--640 Water Level Contour
S"~ Interpreted Capture Zone
s ' Target Capture Zone
Shallow Piezometer
^ Shallow Extraction Well
^ Shallow Monitoring Well
A Deep Monitoring Well
^D Buildings
^3 Facility Boundary
I I Former Lagoon
Water level data contoured using
SURFER kriging (default options)
100 0 100 200 Feet
-------
Sample Figure 7. Water Levels at PZ-2 versus Extraction Rate of EW-2
612
610
600
Jan-99 Jul-99 Feb-00 Aug-00
Mar-01 Sep-01
Time
Apr-02 Nov-02 May-03 Dec-03
-------
Sample Figure 8. Hydrograph for MW-14 and MW-14D Well Cluster
650
648
MW-14 -*-MW-14D
Current Reporting Period
* Seasonal water supply pumping from nearby wells
(discontinued after Summer 2000)
638
Jan-99 Jul-99 Feb-00 Aug-00
Mar-01 Sep-01
Time
Apr-02 Nov-02 May-03 Dec-03
-------
Sample Figure 9. Shallow Benzene Concentrations (October 2002)
/ / /
MVy-2
ND(1) MW-3
MW-5r
ND(1)L
ND(1)
MVy-6
EW-2
MW-1 8
ND(1)
/400 MW-8
/ 2729
MVy-9
ND(1)
MW-1 1
0
351
-3
-7
MW-10
*
MW-1 9
ND(1)
MW-12
MW-13
2005 I
MW-1 4
EW-1(
3488
5001
ND(1)
NA
NA
LEGEND
Benzene Concentration
(MCL = 5 ug/L)
x ND (Non Detect)
<= 5 ug/L
5-50 ug/L
50-500 ug/L
0 > 500 ug/L
- NA (Not Analyzed)
/ Target Capture Zone
^D Buildings
Facility Boundary
Former Lagoon
100 0 100 200 Feet
-------
Sample Figure 10. Benzene Concentration versus Time at MW-8, MW-8D, and MW-9
10000
0.1
Dec-97 Jul-98 Feb-99 Aug-99 Mar-00 Sep-00 Apr-01 Oct-01 May-02 Dec-02
Date
Note: For samples that are "not detected", the value plotted is half the detection limit
-------
NOTICE:
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency funded the preparation of this document by GeoTrans, Inc. under General Service
Administration Contract GS06T02BND0723 to S&K Technologies, Inc., Bremerton, Washington; EPA Contract No. 68-C-02-
092 to Dynamac Corporation, Ada, Oklahoma; and EPA Contract No. 68-W90-0065 to ICF Consulting, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
This document may be downloaded from EPA's Clean Up Information (CLUIN) System at http://www.cluin.org. Hard copy
versions are available free of charge from the National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP) at the
following address:
U.S. EPA NSCEP
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419
Phone: (800) 490-9198 or (513) 489-8190
Fax:(513)489-8695
-------
S.EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
OSWER9283.1-22FS
EPA542-R-05-010
April 2005
www.cluin.org
www.epa.gov/superfund
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