Providing Safe Drinking Water In America 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public A/ater Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Dublic Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Wate Systems 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 slational Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public A/ater Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public A/ater Systems 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Dublic Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems 2002 National Public Wat Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Dublic Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems 200 slational Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public A/ater Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public ------- Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A) Washington, DC 20460 EPA305-R-04-001 December 2004 ------- National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance in 2002 INTRODUCTION The National Public Water Systems Compliance Report for 2002 describes how the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its state and tribal partners are meeting the goal of ensuring that Americans receive safe drinking water from public water systems. The report also discusses the data we use to measure our success and the progress we are making in our efforts to increase its reliability and completeness. EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems Compliance Report for every calendar year. The Public Water Systems A Public Water System (PWS) is a system that provides water for human consumption, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year. A public water system can be one of three types: Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15 service connections (which may include factories, schools, or places of housing that are on the same distribution system as residences) used by year-round residences or regularly serve at least 25 year-round residents. Non-transient Non-community Systems (NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same persons over six months per year not at their residence (e.g., schools or factories that have their own water source). Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS) serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25) over six months per year not at their residence (e.g., campgrounds or highway rest stops that have their own water source). report is an annual summary of violations at the nation's public water systems. The report also summarizes and evaluates annual reports prepared by the states.1 The first part of this report draws information from the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPAs national database, to provide a national picture of the maximum contaminant level, treatment technique, significant monitoring and reporting, significant consumer notification and variance or exemption violations the states and tribes with primacy reported to EPA for 2002. EPA aggregates these reported violations at all public water systems in states, commonwealths, territories and in Indian country to present a national summary of violations, and then presents summaries of significant monitoring and reporting violations, significant public notification violations, and violations of health- based standards at the different kinds of public water systems. The second part of this report presents information on public water systems in Indian country. A glossary of terms used in this report appears in Appendix A. Summaries and evaluations of completeness of the states' annual public water systems reports for 2002 are presented in Appendix B. PWS COMPLIANCE This report uses information from SDWIS/FED, the national database where EPA records information the states are required to report about their public water systems. For the national public water system compliance reports, The term "state" includes 57 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been approved to implement the drinking water program within their jurisdiction. It also includes the Navajo Nation, which received EPA approval to implement its drinking water program on December 6, 2000. Federal approval to implement the drinking water program is called primary enforcement authority, or "primacy." During calendar year 2002, EPA directly implemented the drinking water program in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout most of Indian country other than the Navajo Nation. EPA is responsible for reporting violations in areas where the Agency implements the program. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary December 2004 ------- How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe? Information Sent to Customers: Consumer Confidence Report (http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/pdfs/quickrefguide _ccr.pdf) Every community water system is required to produce a yearly report identifying the contaminants detected in its water and the risks of exposure to those contaminants. Large systems are required to mail their customers the report. While medium systems and small systems are required to produce the report, these systems may obtain a waiver from the mailing requirement. Very small systems are only required to print the report in the local newspaper. The annual water quality report or consumer confidence report (CCR) provides customers with a more complete picture of drinking water quality and systems operations. The annual CCR tells customers what is in their water, where it comes from, and where they can obtain additional information. Public Notification Rule (http://www.epa.gov/ safewater/pws/pn/rulefact.html) Public water systems must notify their customers if there has been a violation of drinking water standards. Public notification is intended to ensure that consumers will always know if there is a problem with their drinking water. Public water systems must notify the people who drink their water if the level of a contaminant in the water exceeds EPA, State, or tribal drinking water regulations, if there is a waterborne disease outbreak or any other situation that may pose a risk to the public health, if the water system fails to test its water as required, or if the system has a variance or exemption from the regulations. Depending on the severity of the situation, water suppliers have 24 hours to one year to notify their customers. Public notification is provided in addition to the CCR. Information on the Internet: Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act, individual water systems, contaminants that may be in drinking water, and what individuals can do to help protect sources of their drinking water. Additional Information: Call the Community Water System Billing statements should provide a number to call with questions. State Public Water Systems Compliance Report Each state's annual report discusses the violations at its public water systems. Most state reports include a list of violating facilities. National Public Water Systems Compliance Report (this report) Summarizes all reported violations at America's public water systems. Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA experts if they need more information. Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) Allows the public to access EPA databases containing information on environmental activities that may affect air, water, and land anywhere in the United States. EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations of primary drinking water regulations that specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system (Maximum Contaminant Level or MCL); 2) techniques for treating water to make it safe; 3) monitoring and reporting requirements (how and when water must be tested and the results reported); and 4) significant user notification violations.2 While SDWIS/FED collects information on monitoring and reporting violations, only "significant" monitoring and reporting violations are counted in this report. A "significant" monitoring and reporting violation occurs, with rare exceptions, when no samples are taken or no results are reported during a compliance period. Table A-l provides a more detailed description of significant monitoring violations for the different rules. A significant user notification violation occurs when a community water system completely failed to provide to its users a required report. Significant user notification violations include violations of the Consumer Confidence Report Regulation and violations of the Public Notification Regulations. The information provided in the Consumer Confidence Report will supplement public This report tabulates only "significant" monitoring and reporting and notification (e.g., CCR) violations. Table A-l presents descriptions of significant monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations. December 2004 Page 2 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary ------- notification that water systems must provide to their customers upon discovering any violation of a contaminant standard. The CCR should not be the primary notification of potential health risk posed by drinking water, but will provide customers with a snapshot of the quality of their drinking water supply. Public notification helps to ensure that consumers receive timely information about problems with their drinking water. These public notification requirements have always been a part of the Safe Drinking Water Act. EPA routinely evaluates state programs by conducting data verification audits, which evaluate state compliance decisions and reporting to SDWIS/FED, and conducting triennial national summary evaluations. The results of EPAs second triennial review of data quality in SDWIS/FED, Drinking Water Data Reliability Analysis and Action Plan (2003) (EPA 816-R-03- 021, March 2004), includes an evaluation of data collected from 1999 through 2001. The first triennial review, published in 2000, analyzed drinking water data from 1996 through 1998 to establish a data quality baseline. The second review indicates that data in SDWIS/FED are highly accurate, but still incomplete. The first triennial review of data quality for the period 1996 through 1998 resulted in a detailed data analysis report in 2000 and also produced an action plan for states and EPA to work together to improve data quality. The plan resulted in actions which included training state personnel, streamlining reporting to SDWIS/FED, making SDWIS error reporting and correction more user-friendly, reducing rule complexity, improving data verification audits (DVs), following-up with Regions after DVs, and encouraging states to notify water systems of sampling schedules annually. Like the first review, this second triennial review of data quality is largely based on DVs. The DVs, conducted between 1999 and 2001, reflect data for 1,890 randomly selected PWSs in 31 states. To support a comparative analysis, a similar set of analyses and methods were used in the second review as in the first, where possible. The data quality of core inventory data was high and essentially remained the same as that determined for the first assessment (95% in the first triennial review versus 96% in the second triennial review). Data quality for enforcement data improved from 72% to 80% and remained of moderate quality. Notably, there were 80% fewer enforcement actions from the first assessment. Violations were grouped by maximum contaminant level (MCL), treatment technique (TT), and monitoring and reporting (M/R) violations. MCL violations were further broken down into Total Coliform Rule (TCR) MCL violations and Chemical and Radionuclides MCL violations (i.e., Other MCL). Violations for the lead and copper rule were not included in the analysis. While quality has improved considerably in several areas, the analysis of DV findings found that the violations data reported by states to EPA were very accurate but incomplete in several important aspects, as described below. The overall data quality for health-based violations (i.e., MCL and SWTR TT) improved from 40% in the first round to 65%. The overall data quality for M/R violations increased from 9% to 23%. The Total Coliform Rule had the highest data quality, improving from 68% in the first assessment to 75% in the second. Data quality is lower, but improving, for other health-based standards including Chemicals and Radionuclides and the Surface Water Treatment Rule. Data quality for M/R violations has improved, but is still low. Most violation errors are due to incorrect compliance determinations by states, that is, violations not correctly identified as such. Compliance determination errors accounted for slightly more than 50% of all MCL errors, and more than 85% of SWTR TT and M/R errors. Half of the M/R errors were due to a failure of the state to assign a violation where sample data was missing from state files. Data flow errors (data in state databases but not in SDWIS/FED) accounted for 9% of all errors. Over-reporting of violations found in SDWIS/FED accounted for fewer than 2% of all errors. This is comparable to findings from the first assessment. Data quality estimates are similar across water system types. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary December 2004 ------- More discussions of data quality concerns and EPA's recommendations appear later in this report. FINDINGS In 2002, 160,541 public water systems together served almost 295 million users. The actual number of individuals served was smaller, because millions of Americans drank water from, and were counted as users by, more than one public water system during the course of the year. Percentage of Systems by Type Transient Non-Community Community D Non-Transient Non-Community 53,245 community water systems served more than 267 million people in their primary residences. 18,609 non-transient non-community systems (schools, factories) served 6 million people in places they frequented. 88,687 transient non-community systems (campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a constantly changing user base of almost 22 million people. Most public water systems were small, but large systems served a majority of the people who drank water from a public water system. Size vs. Users Served3 100% 80%' 60%' 40%' 20%' 95% 77% 14% 2% Small Systems Large Systems Percentage of Systems Percentage of Users Served 95% of America's public water systems (including nearly all of the transient non- community systems) served 3,300 or fewer users. Together, these 151,924 small systems provided service to 14% of all users. 2% of America's public water systems served more than 10,000 users. Together, these 3,840 large systems provided service to 77% of all users. As reported to SDWIS/FED, most of America's public water systems had no significant violations. It is important to note that the triennial review revealed that only 65% of the apparent MCL violations and 23% of the apparent monitoring and reporting violations had been reported to SDWIS/FED (although what percent of the unreported monitoring and reporting violations are significant violations is unknown). Since that report, EPA and its state partners have worked towards the identification and resolution of any problems that may have produced data discrepancies in the past, and to prevent the occurrence of future problems. Because these ongoing efforts will result in significant corrections and additions to the data in SDWIS/FED, this 2002 report offers broad national findings rather than detailed analysis comparing previous National compliance statistics. 3 Because fewer than 3% of public water systems are "medium" in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because only 9% of the population is served by them, this report omits a separate discussion of "medium" systems. December 2004 Page 4 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary ------- PWS with Reported Significant Violations No Reported Significant Violations D Reported Significant Violations of Some Kind For 73% of the public water systems in America, there was no report of a health- based violation nor were there reports of significant monitoring and reporting violations. The primacy states reported either a health- based violation, a significant monitoring and reporting violation, or a significant consumer confidence report violation at approximately 43,500 public water systems in 2002. Approximately 25,500 (24%) out of over 107,000 non-community water systems had significant violations. Forty-six (19%) out of almost 240 larger non- community water systems serving more than 3,300 users had significant violations. Together these 46 larger non-community systems served only about 700,000 (2.5%) users of the 28 million users served by non- community water systems. Approximately 25,500 (24%) out of over 107,000 small non-community water systems serving 3,300 or fewer systems had significant violations. Together these small systems with significant violations served only 3.4 million users out of the 28 million users served by non-community water systems. Less than 18,000 (34%) out of the over 53,000 community water systems had significant violations. Of the 267 million users served in their primary residence by community water systems, over 53 million received their water from one of the violating community water systems. Just over 1,800 (21%) of the almost 8,400 larger community water systems serving more than 3,300 users had significant violations. These violating larger community systems served almost 47 million of the 267 million users served in their primary residence by community water systems. Of the over 44,800 small community water systems serving 3,300 users or less in their primary residence, approximately 16,100 (36%) had significant violations. Less than 6.9 million users were served by these small community water systems. Most Americans received drinking water from public water systems that recorded no significant violations in 2002. Users Served by PWS Without Reported Significant Violations Users Served by PWS without Reported Significant Violations Users Served by PWS with Reported Significant Violations 80% of the population served by public water systems received drinking water from a system that reported no violations of a health-based standard, was not cited for a significant violation of a monitoring and reporting requirement, and issued a consumer confidence report, if required. 80% of the population served by community water systems received drinking water from a system that reported no violations of a health-based standard, was not cited for a significant violation of a monitoring and reporting requirement, and issued a consumer confidence report as required. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary December 2004 ------- Health-Based Violations and Illness It is important to note that a public water system's violation of a health-based standard does not mean that the people who drank the system's water got sick. A health-based violation means either that the system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has judged necessary to protect its users from an unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the regulated contaminant is present in source water. Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting from health-based violations, among them the duration of the violation, whether or not the violation occurred in an isolated section of a complex public water system, and the extent to which contamination exceeds the allowable level. While modern treatment systems have substantially reduced the incidence of waterborne disease, drinking water contamination remains a significant health risk management challenge. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) indicate that between 1980 and 1998 there were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to contamination in drinking water resulting in an estimated 511,000 cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996; Levy et al., 1998; Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of outbreaks in the U.S. occurred at surface water systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium outbreak in Milwaukee, Wl, which resulted in an estimated 403,000 cases (MacKenzie et al. 1994; McDonald et al. 2001). The number of waterborne disease outbreaks identified and reported in the CDC database is believed, however, to understate the actual incidence of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997). Recognized and reported waterborne disease outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to waterborne pathogens that cause acute gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy people, many individuals experiencing these symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may not be identified through routine testing. Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a community or, if recognized, are not traced to a drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but probably significant portion of waterborne disease is endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to recognize. EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy people, but also for populations that are at greater risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive subpopulations include children (especially the very young), the elderly, the malnourished, pregnant women, the disease-impaired (e.g., those with diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad category of those with compromised immune systems, such as AIDS patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised persons are more likely than healthy individuals to contract waterborne disease, the severity and duration of their illness is often greater, and they are at a greater risk of death. December 2004 Page 6 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary ------- The vast majority of the 114,585 violations the states reported to SDWIS/FED in 2002 were for a public water system's significant failure to monitor and report, rather than a violation of a standard. Type of Reported Significant Violations Monitoring and Reporting D Health-Based D Monitoring and Reporting CCR If a system did not monitor the quality of its water, it is impossible to know if it has violated a health-based requirement. For this reason, a system's significant failure to monitor and report is a major violation that must be addressed and corrected. 39% of the 91,530 significant monitoring and reporting violations reported by the states were violations of the monitoring and reporting requirements of the Total Coliform Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes of public water systems. 94% of America's public water systems reported no violations of a health-based drinking water standard in 2002. PWS With No Reported Health-Based Violations D Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based standard most frequently violated. Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule Chem TCR LCR SWTR SDWIS/FED recorded 14,028 violations of health-based standards in 2002. 69% of these violations were violations of the MCL for the Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be met by all types and sizes of public water systems.4 For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical contami- nants (Chem) violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); and 4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in drinking water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary December 2004 ------- As reported to SDWIS/FED, 87% of community water systems complied with the Consumer Confidence Report Rule. The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule requires all community water systems to provide an annual report to customers identifying the contaminants detected in their water and the health risks associated with those contaminants. In calendar year 2002, 7,149 community water systems were found to have a "significant" violation of the CCR Rule, meaning that the community water system completely failed to provide the required report. There were 9,027 reported violations of the CCR Rule in 2002. No violations of variances or exemptions were reported to SDWIS/FED during 2002. Under Federal law, states can grant variances or exemptions to public water systems in limited circumstances allowing them to install alternative technology or giving them more time to meet a standard if public health is adequately protected in the interim. The states did not report any violations of variances and exemptions for the few public water systems that were operating under a variance or exemption in 2002. EPA and its state partners continue to take enforcement actions against violators.5 During 2002, states and EPA initiated enforcement actions in response to drinking water violations at public water systems in their jurisdictions. For new rules, EPA generally has primary enforcement authority until the States receive primacy for each new rule. EPA implemented the drinking water program in Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and in Indian country, except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency initiated enforcement responses in these areas and occasionally in the states, often at a state's invitation. Together, EPA and the states initiated over 1,100 formal enforcement actions, each action potentially addressing multiple violations. In 2002 the states issued a total of 891 formal enforcement actions, including 559 administrative orders without penalty, 308 administrative orders with penalty, 16 civil referrals to the states' Attorneys General, and 8 civil cases filed. During the same period, EPA issued a total of 277 formal enforcement actions, including 274 Federal administrative orders, and three Federal Bilateral Compliance Agreements (BCA) signed. These totals do not take into account informal enforcement actions, compliance assistance, or the public water systems that returned to compliance before EPA and state procedures would require initiation of a formal response. EPA designates a public water system a signifi- cant noncomplier if the system has serious, frequent or persistent violations that may pose a threat to public health. States and EPA give significant noncompliers priority attention in their efforts to return violators to compliance and address violations with enforcement actions. For 2002 EPA and the states focused more of their attention on returning to compliance significant noncompliers that were identified as such in 2002. In calendar year 2002, EPA designated 15,276 public water systems significant noncompliers, which was comparable to the number of public water systems designated as noncompliers in 2000 and 2001. Most of these significant noncompliers in all these years served 3,300 or fewer users. In 2002 states and EPA addressed 3,850 significant noncompliers. Of the noncompliers addressed, 2,581 (67%) were new significant noncompliers identified in 2002. The other 1,269 were systems addressed as significant noncompliers in 2001 and earlier. There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations in a single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one reporting year are generally not initiated until early in the following year. December 2004 PageS 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary ------- The totals for significant noncompliers addressed do not take into account public water systems that are no longer significant noncompliers because of informal enforcement actions or compliance assistance, or public water systems that returned to compliance before EPA and state procedures would require initiation of a formal response. DATA QUALITY The data used in this report came from EPA's national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is composed of data that primacy states are required to submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter. EPA uses information in SDWIS/FED to assess progress in the implementation of regulations, to develop national enforcement and compliance priorities, and to provide information to the public. EPA periodically conducts data verifications (independent, on-site audits) of primacy state and tribal drinking water programs to ensure that the primacy state is determining compliance in accordance with Federal regulations. Data verifications help detect differences between data in a state's files (whether electronic or hard copy) and data in SDWIS/FED. As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts described in past National Public Water Systems Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of data verifications conducted from 1999 to 2001 and previously from 1996 through 1998. The most recent (1999-2001) audits, which covered 31 states, analyzed data from 1,890 public water systems. The data audits reviewed inventory information (identifying systems, their number, their size, and their type), apparent violations that either were reported or should have been reported, and any enforcement actions initiated. EPA's review showed that the quality of the information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is improving, but the data are incomplete. This finding principally reflects differences between state and EPA regulatory interpretation rather than a preponderance of data management issues. Most of the SDWIS/FED data quality problems EPA identified were instances where violations that should have been recorded and reported did not appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA found that only a small percentage of this incompleteness is because SDWIS/FED will accept only properly transferred data. EPA's analysis of the data verifications found: 95% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was accurate and complete. The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations data improved from the first assessment to the second from 68% to 75% for the Total Coliform Rule standard, but is low for other health-based standards and for monitoring and reporting. Most of the discrepancies between apparent and reported violations are because of unrecorded and unreported violations. This accounts for 62% of all discrepancies related to maximum contaminant level/treatment technique violations and 86% of all discrepancies related to monitoring and reporting violations. Only 23% of apparent monitoring and reporting violations had been reported to SDWIS/FED. 65% of the apparent MCL/treatment technique violations had been reported to SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete information on 82% of the enforcement actions found in the states' records. This report is not a measure of the quality of drinking water itself. EPA continues to work with its state partners to identify and resolve any problems that may have produced data discrepancies in the past and to ensure that complete and accurate documentation is available to help assess the safety of the nations' drinking water. While the drinking water violation data have shown improvements from the 1996-1998 timeframe to the 1999-2001 timeframe, they are incomplete and will be evaluated for the 2002-2004 timeframe. EPA has set up a workgroup with the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) to implement its updated 2003 Data Reliability Analysis and Action Plan (DRAAP). Implementation of the plan will begin in 2005. EPA has negotiated grant conditions with several states based upon the 2003 DRAAR Under these grant conditions, the states would follow quality assurance/quality control 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary December 2004 ------- plans for drinking water violation data reported to EPA and address the differences in interpretation of the regulation. EPA will be working with all states to implement the EPA Order 5360.1 A2 dealing with requirements for quality management systems. Changes to modernize SDWIS database should reduce data quality problems in the future from data entry to transmission. SDWIS Modernization focused on changes to make the quality checking function available to states before they send data to EPA, to provide a data entry format consistent with contemporary commercial data transfer formats, and to reduce the complexity of data entry into SDWIS/FED by standardizing processing. EPA continued to implement actions under the National Infrastructure Assurance Plan: Water Supply Section for the purpose of improving the security of the critical drinking water infrastructure. The Agency also has in place as a counter-terrorism measure a policy restricting the availability of location data on PWS intakes and wells, and continues a public/private partnership with water utilities to improve the security of the nation's drinking water. ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Primacy States and EPA engage in a variety of activities to help public water systems remain in and return to compliance, including formal enforcement actions, informal actions, and compliance and technical assistance. State and EPA compliance assistance efforts to help a source remain in or return to compliance may include: conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys at public water systems (i.e., an on-site review of the water sources, facilities, equipment, operations, and maintenance to evaluate their adequacy in producing and distributing safe drinking water); helping systems invest in preventive measures; providing financial assistance for system improvements through the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund and other State funding programs; reviewing water system plans and specifications; conducting training sessions; holding public information meetings; lending specialized monitoring equipment; and publishing informational bulletins and newsletters on training events and other educational opportunities. When a drinking water violation is detected and it is determined that compliance assistance is not the best tool to return a source to compliance, EPA guidelines require a response from the primacy agency as a condition of funding. Acceptable responses include a variety of formal and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts to return a violating public water system to compliance as quickly as possible. Generally, the primacy agency's first responses to violations are informal actions, such as: compliance assistance as appropriate; reminder letters; warning letters; notices of violation; field visits; and telephone calls. If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy agency must initiate a formal enforcement response that requires the violating public water system to return to compliance. Formal enforcement responses include: citations; administrative orders with or without penalties; civil referrals to state attorneys general or to the Department of Justice; other sanctions such as denying permission for system expansion; and filing criminal charges. If a situation poses an imminent risk to public health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency order that requires the public water system to take the steps necessary to protect public health and return the system to compliance. December 2004 Page 10 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary ------- INFORMATION ON AND EVALUATION OF STATE REPORTS EPA reviewed each 2002 annual state report to determine if it met the requirements of the 1996 Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state reports are summarized in Table B-l in Appendix B. Table B-l shows whether a state: submitted a report to EPA; included all required elements; satisfied its statutory requirement to publish and distribute summaries of the report that inform the public of the availability of the full report; identified the size and type of violating systems; discussed the compliance assistance and enforcement activities the state undertook in response to violations; included a list of PWSs with MCL or treatment technique violations, as EPA recommended in its guidance to states on preparing their reports; provided information to the public on availability of the reports; and included additional information of interest to the public, such as the number of public water systems in the state, their sizes and types, and background on the Safe Drinking Water Act and its implementation. STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES EPA provides a state-by-state summary of information reported in each state report in Appendix B. The standardized format includes an overall summary of the violations data the Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report (i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment technique violations, significant monitoring and reporting violations, and variances and exemptions). The summary for each state also tells how to obtain a copy of the state's full report. The annual summary is based on violations reported in the calendar year of 2002. In some instances, the data reported by a state in July of 2003 may not agree with data currently in SDWIS/FED. EPAs and the states' continual efforts to ensure that the information in the SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible may have resulted in updates and corrections to the data since the state published its report. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Most Americans received water from systems which reported no violations of health-based standards, and for which the states reported no significant violations of monitoring and reporting requirements. There are some differences in the numbers of violations reported in 2001 and 2002. The total number of violations increased by 3.7% from 2001. The number of significant violations of monitoring and reporting requirements increased by about 3,100 a 3.5% increase in violations between 2001 and 2002. In 2002, America's public water systems detected and reported 306 fewer violations of health-based standards a 2% decrease from 2001. The total violations include health-based and significant monitoring and reporting violations, along with violations of the CCR. In 2002, states reported the largest number of violations for the Chemical Contaminant Group. The Chemical Contaminant Group represented the group with the largest significant violations for the monitoring and reporting requirements. The 44,688 significant violations of monitoring and reporting requirements of the Chemical Contaminant Group represent 49% of all significant monitoring and reporting violations reported by the states in 2002. The most violated health-based standard continues to be the Total Coliform Rule. The 9,680 violations of the health- based standards for the Total Coliform Rule represent 69% of all reported violations of health- based standards in 2002. For community water systems, the number of Total Coliform Rule violations increased slightly from 2001. Health- based violations of the rule decreased 5%, while significant monitoring and reporting violations increased 5%. The number of significant violations reported since 1999 has been trending upward. The most recent increase, however, was smaller than previous reporting years. During the same period roughly 14% of the violations reported are violations of health-based standards, while the 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary Page 11 December 2004 ------- remaining approximately 87% of the violations are significant monitoring and reporting violations. Likewise the number of significant monitoring and reporting violations has increased steadily since 1999. Violations of the health-based standards fluctuated between small increases (5%) to small decreases (2-3%) during this period. EPA incorporated the following recommendations for fiscal years 2000, 2001, and 2002. States and EPA should continue working together to address significant violations of monitoring and reporting and notification requirements. States and EPA should continue working together to address violations ofMCL and treatment technique requirements. Recognizing the importance of consistent, long- term efforts to protect the public from microbial contaminants of drinking water, EPA has made assuring compliance with the drinking water microbial rules part of its core drinking water enforcement and compliance program beginning in fiscal year 2005. EPA Regions are working with states to evaluate how well public water systems, especially large systems, comply with the microbial rules and whether enforcement actions are being initiated when appropriate. Regions and states are also identifying and evaluating microbial risks to watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement and compliance efforts on ensuring the safety of drinking water sources. Considerable effort will also be devoted to training and compliance assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of small public water systems to maintain compliance both with established rules and with new microbial rules such as the Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the Ground Water Rule. In Indian country, where almost all public water systems are small, EPA will focus resources on ensuring compliance with the microbial rules and the standards for nitrates in drinking water through implementation of its new strategy for the FY05-07 Tribal National Compliance and Enforcement Priority. With respect to the rest of the drinking water program, states and EPA are continuing their efforts to implement the recommendations of the national public water system reports: EPA provides funding to support nine technology assistance centers that help small systems with training, technical assistance, and technology demonstrations. States and EPA help promote compliance with existing drinking water requirements by conducting numerous assistance activities, such as on-site visits and the development and distribution of easy-to-read guides and checklists. EPA funding established and maintains the Local Government Environmental Assistance Network (LGEAN), a source of free information on current and developing SDWA requirements (as well as technical assistance, peer counseling, and financial guidance). LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877- TO-LGEAN (865-4326). EPA is developing a list of approved compliance technologies that will encourage small systems to use the existing flexibility in the regulations in selecting treatment for drinking water while still providing adequate public health protection. The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement actions against violating public water systems both to discourage violations and to ensure public health protection. EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders should continue to work cooperatively to improve the quality of compliance data. Since September 1998, the findings and recommendations of the national public water systems reports have been incorporated into EPAs ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report, EPA noted that compliance data in many individual state reports differed from the data reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our data quality goal should be "100% complete, accurate, and timely data submitted by public water systems and primacy agencies, consistent with SDWA reporting requirements." Further analysis and discussions among the stakeholders led to establishment of interim milestones for how soon that goal will be achieved. EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders made significant progress on most of the data December 2004 Page 12 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary ------- recommendations of the earlier national reports in some instances achieving full implementation. Among the major accomplishments, EPA has: improved the display of drinking water data in Envirofacts; characterized and quantified the data quality problem; taken interim steps to improve data quality, including improvements to the data entry tools states use to put information in SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism that enables water systems to confirm the accuracy of data before it is accepted by SDWIS/FED; and made a long-term commitment to achieve and maintain data quality goals. More remains to be done to achieve the goal of 100% accurate, complete, and timely information. Some of the next steps EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed to undertake include: streamlining data reporting and reducing rule complexity; conducting more training to ensure regulatory staff can accurately determine compliance with drinking water rules and data entry staff can upload complete and accurate data to SDWIS/FED; making SDWIS/FED error reports more user friendly and understandable to state drinking water managers; encouraging states to issue annual reminders to water systems of their compliance monitoring schedules; providing states with individual, prioritized recommendations for improving their data quality; performing more frequent data verification audits; calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data quality every 3 years, or more frequently if data from a sufficient number of data verifications are available; working with the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) to implement its updated 2003 Data Reliability Analysis and Action Plan (DRAAP). Implementation of the plan will begin in 2005; negotiating grant conditions with several states to encourage them to follow quality assurance/quality control plans for drinking water violation data reported to EPA and address the differences in interpretation of the regulation; and working with all states to implement the EPA Order 5360.1 A2 dealing with requirements for quality management systems. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary Page 13 December 2004 ------- ------- National Summary of Compliance for Public Water Systems in Indian Country in 2002 INTRODUCTION This section of the 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report describes how the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are meeting the goal of ensuring that public water systems in Indian country provide safe drinking water. PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN INDIAN COUNTRY Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary enforcement authority (known as primacy) to administer the drinking water program provided they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and 1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As of 2002, only the Navajo Nation has received primacy for most public water systems on the Navajo Reservation. For the purposes of this report, EPA, therefore, administers the drinking water program in the rest of Indian country. A glossary of terms used in this report appears in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by this section appears in Appendix C. PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages outside of Indian country are not included in this section of the report. Similarly, compliance figures for 18 public water systems in Indian country located in Oklahoma are not included in this section of the report. In both cases, this information is found in the state reports for Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state reports do not, however, contain separate information on these public water systems. DATA QUALITY This report uses information from the Safe Drinking Water Information System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national database where EPA records information on public water systems in Indian country. Public water systems in Indian country are required to report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the information to determine compliance with the national primary drinking water regulations of SDWA. This report also discusses the limitations in the data EPA uses to measure its success and the steps it is taking to increase data reliability and completeness. The report also discusses EPAs compliance assistance, enforcement, and financial assistance programs. EPA plans to continue its data quality efforts during 2003 to ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and accurate information. A complete discussion of data quality is in the National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance in 2002 under the section entitled Data Quality. FINDINGS In 2002, 978 public water systems in Indian country served 735,889 users. 755 community water systems served 617,075 people in their primary residences. 115 non-transient non-community systems (schools and factories) served 94,460 people in places they frequented. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country Page 15 December 2004 ------- 108 transient non-community systems (campgrounds and highway rest stops) served 24,354 people who passed through. Percentage of Systems by Type Systems with Reported Significant Violations D Transient Non-Community Community D Non-Transient Non-Community Almost all public water systems in Indian country were small. These small systems provide drinking water to the majority of the public who drank water in Indian country. 96% of public water systems in Indian country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These 936 small systems served 63% of the people who received water from public water systems in Indian country. Conversely, the other 42 public water systems in Indian country serve 37% of the people who received water from public water systems in Indian country. As reported to SDWIS/FED, most public water systems in Indian country did not have violations. 753 of 978 water systems (77%) had no reported health-based or significant reporting violations. D No Reported Violations D Violations of Some Kind 93% of public water systems in Indian country reported no violations of a health-based drinking water standard in 2002. 110 health-based violations in Indian country, including multiple violations by some systems, were reported to SDWIS/FED in 2002. The Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for the Total Coliform Rule (95%) was the health-based standard most frequently violated. Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule 100% 95% 90% 80% 70% Chem TCR LCR SWTR Percentage of Health-Based Violations December 2004 Page 16 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country ------- The vast majority of violations reported to SDWIS/FED in 2002 were for a public water system's significant failure to monitor and report, rather than health-based MCL or a treatment technique violations detected and reported by a system. Of the 1,037 violations reported to SDWIS/FED in 2002, 800 (77%) were significant violations of monitoring and reporting requirements. If a system did not monitor the quality of its water, it is impossible to know if it has violated health- based requirements. For this reason, a system's significant failure to monitor and report is a major violation that must be addressed and corrected. Public water systems in Indian country represent 0.6% of all public water systems in the United States and were responsible for 0.9% of all monitoring and reporting violations at public water systems reported to SDWIS/FED in 2002. Type of Violations D Health-based Monitoring and Reporting D CCR As reported to SDWIS/FED, 90% of community water systems in Indian country complied with the Consumer Confidence Report Rule. The Consumer Confidence Report Rule requires all community water systems to provide an annual report to customers identifying the contaminants detected in their water and the health risks associated with those contaminants. In calendar year 2002, 77 community water systems in Indian country were found to have a "significant" violation of the Consumer Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the community water system completely failed to provide the required report. COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE AND ENFORCEMENT EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public water systems in Indian country comply with SDWA regulations. EPA's tribal compliance assistance program is designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA by building cooperative working relationships with utility managers, operators, other tribal environmental staff, and tribal elected officials. The program emphasizes information exchanges, operation assistance, and water quality monitoring. EPA gives information and assistance directly to tribal public water system operators, utility managers, and owners through training sessions, newsletters, telephone support, and system visits. On-site technical assistance is provided by engineers and qualified staff who work with tribes to assess current compliance status, develop monitoring schedules and compliance plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA coordinates many of these activities with other federal agencies, including the Indian Health Service and the Bureau of Reclamation. Coordination also occurs with non-governmental organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including the Native American Water Association, the Rural Water Association, and the Rural Community Assistance Corporation. EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement actions against owners or operators of public water systems in Indian country if a system is not in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA relies on compliance assistance and informal enforcement actions to facilitate a trib ally-owned or -managed public water system's return to compliance. When a formal enforcement action is appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative orders, including emergency administrative orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the Administration of Environmental Programs on 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country Page 17 December 2004 ------- Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84) and the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Tribal Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency's approach to bringing civil administrative or judicial enforcement actions against systems owned, operated, or managed by tribal governments. Public water systems are required to monitor for 89 different contaminants and conduct analyses using a variety of EPA-approved analytical methods. Where a system fails to perform monitoring for some or all of the required contaminants, a separate monitoring and reporting violation is recorded for each missed contaminant. Each of these violations is enforceable. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE EPA provides financial assistance to public water systems in Indian country to help build tribal capacity to operate and maintain systems in compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes grants, training, and technical assistance as they develop their environmental programs. EPAs Indian General Assistance Program builds tribal capacity by providing grants to plan, develop, and establish environmental protection programs, including drinking water programs. EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking water program priorities. EPA allotted approximately $2.7 million (3% of the set-aside of public water systems appropriations) for implementing the Tribal Public Water System Supervision Program in fiscal year 2002. Through this program, EPA awards grants to tribes and tribal organizations to address various aspects of the drinking water program. In addition to the 3% set-aside, EPA received an additional $3 to $4 million in fiscal year 2002 for addressing drinking water needs on Indian lands. EPA is focusing on activities such as: capacity development projects; source water and wellhead protection projects; development of a voluntary operator certification program for tribes; provision of operator training and certification to tribal operators; consolidation of PWSs; distribution system improvements; community water system extensions; replacement of water mains; adding new wells; treatment improvements; and construction of new pumphouses. In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an infrastructure funding program was established to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the appropriation for the national Drinking Water State Revolving Fund program is set aside for American Indian communities and Alaska Native Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997 appropriation amounted to $19.25 million. Subsequent set-asides have been: $10.87 million in fiscal year 1998; $11.625 million in fiscal year 1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; $12.347 million in fiscal year 2001; and $12.75 million in fiscal year 2002. Finally, technical assistance and training for small tribally-owned or -operated public water systems are also provided. Through the cooperative agreements, small tribal public water systems receive information on training and technical assistance, wellhead and ground water protection, and source water protection. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In 2002, EPA Regions reported that 77% of the public water systems in Indian country did not report a violation of a health-based standard, a significant monitoring and reporting violation, or a significant consumer notification violation. This represents an overall increase from 2001 when 60% of facilities did not report a violation of a health-based standard, a significant monitoring and reporting violation, or a significant consumer notification violation. During 2002, there was a noticeable decrease in the total number of significant violations of monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian country (from 983 in 2001 to 799 in 2002). EPA continues to implement two primary recommendations from previous reports: (1) improve collection and maintenance of compliance data for public water systems in December 2004 Page 18 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country ------- Indian country; and (2) place a priority on decreasing the number of monitoring and reporting violations to gain a full understanding of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will accomplish these recommendations by: improving the inventory of public water systems in Indian country; improving the collection and entry into SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement information in a timely manner to avoid keeping multiple records; continuing to work with tribal governments, utility managers, and water system operators to improve compliance with monitoring and reporting requirements and with health-based standards, particularly the Total Coliform Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule; increasing EPA's field presence, conducting more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging in targeted technical and compliance assistance and enforcement; and continuing to support and encourage capital improvements for public water systems to improve the infrastructure (and therefore compliance with SDWA requirements) of public water systems in Indian country, including grants provided under the Drinking Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement Program. Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to compliance and enforcement issues at public water systems owned, operated, or managed by tribal governments in a manner consistent with SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal Enforcement Principles. Where compliance assistance is ineffective or where, among other things, there is a significant threat to human health or the environment, EPA takes appropriate steps to return systems to compliance, including formal enforcement actions. Beginning in federal fiscal year 2005, EPA's Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance plans to focus increased attention on environmental issues in Indian country through implementation of its new Strategy for the Tribal National Compliance and Enforcement Priority. One of the goals is to improve compliance with drinking water standards by the end of fiscal year 2007. Between fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2008, EPA will work to improve the quality of public water system data, provide additional compliance assistance, and reduce the number of systems that are out of compliance for key microbial rules. In addition, as part of this strategy, EPA is planning to conduct by 2008 data verifications for the nine EPA regions which have direct implementation authority for tribal drinking water programs. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country Page 19 December 2004 ------- ------- Appendix A Glossary of Terms ------- ------- Administrative Order Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a State to address noncompliance at a public water system, usually by means of a compliance schedule with enforceable milestone dates. Chemical Rules Refers collectively to regulations that protect the public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper), and radioactivity in drinking water. Community Water System A public water system that serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly serves at least 25 year-round residents (e.g., homes, apartments and condominiums that are occupied year-round as primary residences). Consumer Confidence Rule Requires community water systems to prepare and provide to their customers annual consumer confidence reports on the quality of the water delivered by the systems. Federally-recognized Indian Tribe An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo, community, or Alaska Native Village that the Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25 U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the Department of the Interior, the list of federally- recognized tribes is updated periodically and published in the Federal Register. The latest list of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000). Health-based Violation A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant Level or a Treatment Technique requirement. Inorganic Chemicals These non-carbon based compounds (such as metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur naturally in some sources of drinking water or be introduced by human activity. EPA has established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants. Violations of standards for lead and copper are addressed separately. Large System A public water system that serves more than 10,000 people. Lead and Copper Rule Requires a public water system to take steps to minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper in drinking water by monitoring for these contaminants, installing corrosion control where required, and, where necessary, educating the public about ways to reduce exposure. A system may also be required to treat its source water or replace lead service lines. Maximum Contaminant Level The maximum permissible level of a contaminant in water delivered to any user of a public water system. Monitoring and Reporting Violation Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and reporting schedule or violation of contaminant- specific minimum testing schedules and operational reporting requirements. Those monitoring and reporting violations considered "significant" for the purposes of the state and national public water system compliance reports are described below in Table A-l. Nitrate and Nitrite Inorganic compounds that can enter water supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff, livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater discharges. Non-transient Non-community Water System A non-community public water system that regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons over six months per year. A typical example of a non-transient non-community water system is a school or an office building that has its own water source, such as a drinking water well. Organic Chemicals These carbon-based compounds, such as solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water through a variety of means, including factory discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants. Primacy The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA, States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility for operation and oversight of the drinking water program within its borders. In order to receive this responsibility (called "primary enforcement authority" or "primacy"), a State or Tribe must 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A Page A-l December 2004 ------- show, among other things, that it has adopted drinking water regulations that are at least as stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate its capacity both to enforce those regulations and to implement other activities necessary to ensure compliance. In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA assumes responsibility for administering the drinking water program for that area. Of the 56 eligible States (defined to include Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have primacy. During calendar year 2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the drinking water program within these two jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for the Navajo Nation. Primary Drinking Water Regulations These are regulations that apply to public water systems; specify contaminants which, in the judgment of the Administrator, may have an adverse effect on the health of persons; and specify for each such contaminant either a maximum contaminant level or a treatment technique. Public Water System A system for the provision to the public of water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances, if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the year. A public water system can be either a community water system, a non-transient non- community water system, or a transient non- community water system. Radionuclides Radioactive particles, such as radium-226, radium-228, gross alpha, and beta particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally in water or may result from human activity. EPA has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters, alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228. Regional Offices Responsible for implementing Environmental Protection Agency programs within their respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and local agencies, as well as with industry, academic institutions, and other private groups to ensure that Regional needs are addressed and that Federal environmental laws are upheld. Small Systems Public water systems that serve no more than 3,300 people. Surface Water Treatment Rule The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) requires a public water system served by surface water or by ground water under the influence of surface water to take steps (such as disinfection, filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed control) to reduce potential exposure to microbiological contamination. Total Coliform Rule Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria, which are found in decaying organic material and in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are usually not harmful to human health, their presence may indicate the presence of other, more dangerous microbial contamination. SDWIS/FED EPAs database for collecting safe drinking water monitoring results from oversight agencies. SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water Information System. Public Water Systems are required to report all monitoring results to the primary enforcement authority. States with primacy, or EPA where it administers the program, analyze the monitoring results, determine compliance, and report violations to EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED records only violations, not results that demonstrate compliance with drinking water standards. Total Trihalomethanes These chemicals can be by-products of chemical processes used to disinfect drinking water. Transient Non-community Water System A non-community water system that regularly serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25) over six months per year. A typical example is a campground or a highway rest stop that has its own water source, such as a drinking water well. December 2004 Page A-2 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A ------- Treatment Technique In cases where EPA has determined it is not technically or economically feasible to establish an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a treatment technique. These are treatment methods required by EPA to minimize the level of a contaminant in drinking water. Variances and Exemptions A public water system that cannot comply with a drinking water standard because of poor source water quality, or, in the case of small systems, inadequate financial resources, can be granted a variance to comply with less stringent, but still protective standards based on a specific EPA- approved technology available to the system. An exemption allows a PWS with compelling circumstances (including economic considerations) additional time to achieve compliance with applicable SDWA requirements, so long as public health is adequately protected. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A Page A-3 December 2004 ------- TABLE A-l: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS Rule Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule c Phase 1, II, MB, and V Rules h Total e Trihalomethanes m Radionuclides Violation Type Major routine Major repeat Major (filtered) Major (unfiltered) Initial lead and copper tap Follow-up or routine lead and copper tap Regular monitoring Regular monitoring Regular monitoring Description No samples collected during a compliance period No follow-up samples collected after a positive total coliform sample or no speciation Collected less than 90% of samples required during a compliance period Collected less than 90% of samples required during a compliance period Either failed to collect the initial tap samples, and then failed to correct that omission within a) 3 months for large systems, b) 6 months for medium systems, or c) 12 months for small systems; or failed to submit the associated report Failed to collect 1 or more required samples Failed to collect any required samples2 Failed to collect any required samples Failed to collect any required samples SDWIS Violation Code1 23 25 36 31 51 52 03 03 03 SDWIS Contaminant Code 3100 3100 None None By contaminant 2950 4000, 4100, 4010 1 EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code. 2 Failure to collect "any required samples" means none of the required samples were collected. December 2004 Page A-4 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A ------- TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2002 Applicability of Regulations Contaminant/Rule Organic Contaminants Total Trihalomethanes Contaminants (TTHM) Inorganic Contaminants Nitrate and Nitrite Contaminants Radionuclides Contaminants Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Lead and Copper Rule Community Water Systems All Only systems serving more than 10,000 All All All All Some Only PWSs using surface water sources or ground water sources under the direct influence of surface water All Non-transient Non- Community Water Systems All None All except arsenic and fluoride All None All Some Only PWSs using surface water sources or ground water sources under the direct influence of surface water All Transient Non-Community Water Systems Only epichlorohydrin and acrylamide None None All None All Some Only PWSs using surface water sources or ground water sources under the direct influence of surface water None 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A Page A-5 December 2004 ------- ------- Appendix B Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports ------- ------- CONTENTS Alabama B-7 Alaska B-8 American Samoa B-9 Arizona B-10 Arkansas B-11 California B-12 Colorado B-13 Connecticut B-14 Delaware B-15 District of Columbia B-16 Florida B-17 Georgia B-18 Guam B-19 Hawaii B-20 Idaho B-21 Illinois B-22 Indiana B-23 Iowa B-24 Kansas B-25 Kentucky B-26 Louisiana B-27 Maine B-28 Maryland B-29 Massachusetts B-30 Michigan B-31 Minnesota B-32 Mississippi B-33 Missouri B-34 Montana B-35 Nebraska B-36 Nevada B-37 New Hampshire B-38 New Jersey B-39 New Mexico B-40 New York B-41 North Carolina B-42 North Dakota B-43 Northern Mariana Islands B-44 Ohio B-45 Oklahoma B-46 Oregon B-47 Pennsylvania B-48 Puerto Rico B-49 Rhode Island B-50 South Carolina B-51 South Dakota B-52 Tennessee B-53 Texas B-54 Utah B-55 Vermont B-56 Virgin Islands B-57 Virginia B-58 Washington B-59 West Virginia B-60 Wisconsin B-61 Wyoming B-62 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-l December 2004 ------- ------- This Appendix presents a summary of each state report in a standardized format. The format includes an overall summary of the violations data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e., violations with respect to maximum contaminant levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations, significant monitoring and reporting requirements, significant notification violations, and variances and exemptions). This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors must be taken into account before drawing conclusions about a State program. For example, public water systems are required to report all violations to the State, but State drinking water programs vary in the regulations they choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus attention and resources on one particular rule may have discovered and reported many more violations of that rule than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A disproportionate number of violations in a State could also indicate that the State needs to work with its public water systems to improve their compliance. Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided in the State summaries within the context of each State and its individual drinking water program. In 2002, EPA received State Public Water System Compliance Reports from 48 of the 57 primacy states, Commonwealths, Territories, and tribes. As in past years, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands did not submit reports, and, with limited exceptions, did not supply information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive a report from Arizona, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the Navajo Nation. Appendix B supplies what information is available in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at public water systems in the Pacific territories. Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and most Indian Tribes did not have primary enforcement responsibility for drinking water in calendar year 2002, EPA prepared reports for those jurisdictions. Violations for 2002 EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment technique, and significant monitoring and reporting violations 1 reported by each state in five categories: 1 Violations of chemical contaminant requirements2 Violations of the Total Coliform Rule Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule Significant Notification Violation EPA summarizes the numbers of individual public water systems in violation in each of these five categories, as reported by the state. If a state's report did not include information in a category, EPAs summary notes the omission. 2002 Totals EPA also summarizes the total number of systems in each state, the total number of violations reported, and the total number of PWSs in violation, if the state reported this information. When states did not provide information on the total number of public water systems, EPA supplied that information from the SDWIS/FED. Systems in Violation Systems in Violation is defined as the number of different systems with a reported violation of this type. Some states counted a system with multiple violations or violations in more than one category as one violating system. Other states counted a violating system each time it had a violation, or once for each of the regulatory categories in which it had a violation. If EPAs review of a state's report indicated some violating systems were counted more than once, an asterisk notes that the state's number possibly overcounts violating systems. Variances and Exemptions There were no reported violations of variances and exemptions in 2002. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual Public Water Systems Report If a state's report includes information on how to obtain a copy of the report, that information is provided on the state summary page in this Appendix. A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A. 2 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and radionuelide contaminants. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-3 December 2004 ------- Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States State Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Navajo Nation Nebraska Submitted Report X X Reported on Violation Categories CCR X MCL X X M/R X X TT X X Reported on V/E X X Provided Inventory Information X X Identified Size and Type of Violating Systems Discussed Compliance and Enforcement Responses X X Identified Each System with MCL and TT Violations X X Provided Information to Public on Availability X X Provided Additional Information1 X X Did not submit report. Did not submit report. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Did not submit report. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Did not submit report. X X X X X X X X X X X X Did not submit report. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Did not submit report. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Did not submit report. X X X X X X X X X X 1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance. December 2004 Page B-4 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States (continued) State Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Northern Mariana Islands Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Submitted Report X X X X X X X Reported on Violation Categories CCR X X X X X MCL X X X X X X M/R X X X X X X TT X X X X X X Reported on V/E X X X X X X Provided Inventory Information X X X X X X Identified Size and Type of Violating Systems X Discussed Compliance and Enforcement Responses X X X Identified Each System with MCL and TT Violations X X X X X X Provided Information to Public on Availability X X X X X X Provided Additional Information1 X X X X X X Did not submit report. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Did not submit report. X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-5 December 2004 ------- ------- Violations for 2002 State of Alabama 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report : The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 705 120** 299 ' This number is approximate; the state report indicated that 83% of the total number of systems were in complete compliance. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Alabama's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: ADEM Drinking Water Branch R 0. Box 301463 Montgomery, AL 36130-1463 Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us Alabama's State Report can also be reviewed at the ADEM field offices in Birmingham, Decatur, and Mobile. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-7 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Alaska 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,582 694 3,570 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Alaska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: ADEC DW/WW Program 555 Cordova Street Anchorage, AK 99501 Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm Telephone: (907) 269-7647 December 2004 Page B-8 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 American Samoa 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 22 NR 112 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-9 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Arizona 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,665 NR 6,014 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Arizona did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. December 2004 Page B-10 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Arkansas 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. **The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,159 250 483 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Arkansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Arkansas Department of Health Shared Services 4815 West Markham Street Litttle Rock, AR 72205-2032 Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/viol.htm Attention: David Quattlebaum, Compliance/Enforcement Officer Telephone: (501) 661-2623 Fax: (501) 661-2032 E-mail: dquattlebaum@healthyarkansas.com Arkansas' State Report is also available at all local health units in Arkansas. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-l 1 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of California 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report *The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. ** Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 6,000t NR 1,816 t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report California's State Report is available by contacting: Department of Health Services Division of Drinking Water and Environmental Management 601 North 7th Street, MS 92 RO. Box 942732 Sacramento, CA 94234-7320 Web Site: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/publications/pubindex.htm Telephone: (916)323-6111 December 2004 Page B-12 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Colorado 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2,078 NR 882 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Colorado's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Water Quality Control Division CADM-B2 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South Denver, CO 80246 Web Site: http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/Drinking_Water/Drinking_Water_Program_Home.htm Attention: Annual Compliance Report Lori Gerzina WQCD Compliance Assurance & Data Management Unit Telephone: (303) 692-3587 E-mail: lori.gerzina@state.co.us 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-13 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Connecticut 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. ** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 3,020 NR 4,766 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Connecticut's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Drinking Water Division Offices Department of Public Health 450 Capitol Avenue Hartford, CT 06106-1365 Web Site: http://www.dph.state.ct.us/BRS/Water/DWD.htm Telephone: (860) 509-7333 December 2004 Page B-14 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Delaware 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 611* 79 94 The state report gives two different counts in the report. The greater of the two counts is shown here. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Delaware's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Office of Drinking Water Division of Public Health Blue Hen Corporate Center 655 Bay Road, Suite 203 Dover, DE 19903 Web Site: http://www.state.de.us/dhss/dph/hsp/files/acr2002report.pdf Telephone: (302) 739-5410 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-15 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 District of Columbia 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2 1 2 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report District of Columbia's Report is available by accessing EPA Region Ill's web site or by contacting: Drinking Water Branch (3WP22) U.S. EPA Region III 1650 Arch Street Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029 Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm Attention: George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager Telephone: (215) 814-5781 FAX: (215) 814-2318 E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov December 2004 Page B-16 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- State of Florida 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations for 2002 Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 6,500 NR 1,359 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Florida's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site: Web Site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-17 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Georgia 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2,262f 1,193 2,034** ** Total violations in the report (2,034) differs from the calculated total (1,361). t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Georgia's State Report is available by contacting: Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division Drinking Water Program Information Management Unit 2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, Suite 1362 East Atlanta, GA 30334 Attention: Doug Davenport Telephone: (404) 651-5162 December 2004 Page B-18 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 Guam 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 12 NR 2 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-19 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Hawaii 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 132 4 37 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Hawaii's State Report is available by contacting: William Wong, RE., Chief Hawaii Department of Health Safe Drinking Water Branch Environmental Management Division 919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308 Honolulu, HI 96814-4920 Telephone: (808) 586-4258 Fax: (808) 586-4351 E-mail: bwong@eha.health.state.hi.us December 2004 Page B-20 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Idaho 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2,067 790 1,328 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Idaho's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Idaho Department of Environmental Quality's regional offices or the state's seven district health departments. Web Site: http://www.deq.state.id.us/water/acr.htm DEQ Regional Offices and District Health Departments North Idaho Coeur d'Alene Regional Office 2110 Ironwood Parkway Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814 (208) 769-1422 North Central Idaho Lewiston Regional Office 1118 F Street Lewiston, ID 83501 (208) 799-4370 South Central Idaho Twin Falls Regional Office 601 Pole Line Road, Suite 2 Twin Falls, ID 83301 (208)736-2190 Southeast Idaho Pocatello Regional Office 444 Hospital Way, #300 Pocatello, ID 83201 (208) 236-6160 Southwest Idaho Boise Regional Office 1445 North Orchard Boise, ID 83706-2239 (208) 373-0550 Eastern Idaho Idaho Falls Regional Office 900 N. Skyline, Suite B Idaho Falls, ID 83402 (208) 528-2650 Health District 1 Panhandle Health District Dept. 322 Marion Sandpoint, ID 83864 (208) 265-6384 Health District 2 North Central District Dept. 215 10th Street Lewiston, ID 83501 (208)799-3100 Health District 3 Southwest District Health Dept. 920 Main Street Caldwell, ID 83605 (208) 455-5403 Health District 4 Central District Health Dept. 707 North Armstrong Place Boise, ID 83704 (208) 327-8522 Health District 5 South Central District Health Dept. 1020 Washington Street North Twin Falls, ID 83301 (208)734-5900, Ext. 213 Health District 6 Southeastern District Health Dept. 1901 Alvin Ricken Drive Pocatello, ID 83201-2727 (208) 233-9080, Ext. 320 Health District 7 District Seven Health Dept. 254 "E" Street Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597 (208) 523-5382 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-21 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Illinois 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 5,693 458 1,693 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Illinois' State Report is available by contacting: Illinois EPA's Division of Public Water Supplies Telephone: (217) 782-9470 December 2004 Page B-22 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Indiana 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 4,468 1,983 7,314** ** Total violations in the report (7,312) differs from the calculated total (7,314). Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or contacting: Indiana Department of Environmental Management Office of Water Management Drinking Water Branch Web Site: http://www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/compliance.html Telephone: (317) 308-3280 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-23 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Iowa 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,967 NR 1,305 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Iowa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. December 2004 Page B-24 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Kansas 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. **The state report gives different counts throughout the report. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,086 305 468 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Kansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Kansas Department of Health and Environment Bureau of Water 1000 SW Jackson, Suite 420 Topeka, KS 66612-1367 Web Site: http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/pws Attention: Patti J. Cray Telephone: (785) 296-3016 Fax: (785) 296-5509 E-mail: pcroy@kdhe.state.ks.us 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-25 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Kentucky 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 655 NR 330 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Kentucky did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. December 2004 Page B-26 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Louisiana 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,850 219 281* : Total violations in the report (281) differs from the calculated total (275). Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Louisiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals Office of Public Health Engineering Services 6867 Bluebonnet, Suite 222 Baton Rouge, LA 70810 Telephone: (225) 765-5038 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-27 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Maine 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2,008 874 1,705 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report The state report did not provide information regarding public availability. December 2004 Page B-28 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- State of Maryland 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations for 2002 Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. ** All community water systems submitted a CCR, but not all reports were submitted on time. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 3,785 527 802 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Maryland's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Nancy Reilman Maryland Department of the Environment Water Supply Program Web Site: http://www.mde.state.md.us Telephone: (410) 631-3729 E-mail: nreilman@mde.state.md.us 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-29 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Massachusetts 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,779 NR 369 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. December 2004 Page B-30 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- State of Michigan 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations for 2002 Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 12,190 1,737 2,680 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Michigan's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Water Division RO. Box 30273 Lansing, Ml 48909 Web Site: http://www.michigan.gov/deq 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-31 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Minnesota 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems ** The state report gives two different counts in the tables. The count from the summary table is shown here. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 8,258 439 578 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Minnesota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Minnesota Department of Health Division of Environmental Health Drinking Water Protection Section 121 East Seventh Place RO. Box 64975 St. Paul, MN 55164-0975 Web Site: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report02.html Telephone: (651) 215-0770 Fax: (651)215-0775 December 2004 Page B-32 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Mississippi 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible undercounting of violations due to the grouping of individual violations. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,426 NR 334 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report The State's contact for the drinking water program is: Joan Cockrell Compliance and Enforcement Branch Telephone: (601) 576-7528 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-33 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Missouri 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2,803 NR 2,136 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Missouri's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Missouri Department of Natural Resources Public Drinking Water Program RO. Box 176 Jefferson City, MO 65102 Web Site: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/pdwp Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331 December 2004 Page B-34 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Montana 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2,103 NR 1,438 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Montana's State Report is available by contacting: Public Water Supply Section Community Services Bureau Permitting & Compliance Division Montana Department of Environmental Quality RO. Box 200901 Helena, MT 59620-0901 Telephone: (406) 444-4400 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-35 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Nebraska 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,374 NR 643 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Nebraska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services Regulation and Licensure 301 Centennial Mall South Lincoln, NE 68509 Web Site: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm Attention: Jo Ann Wagner Telephone: (402) 471-2541 Fax: (402) 471-6436 E-mail: jwagner@inebraska.com Nebraska's State Report is also available through the Nebraska Library Commission. December 2004 Page B-36 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Nevada 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 617t 224 375 t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report The state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-37 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of New Hampshire 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Total number of violations on page 12 and A-4 in report (357) differs from the calculated total (358). Counts from the text of the report are shown here. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2,218 NR 809 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report New Hampshire's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau 6 Hazen Drive RO. Box 95 Concord, NH 03301 Web Site: http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb Attention: Laurie Cullerot Telephone: (603) 271-2954 E-mail: lcullerot@des.state.nh.us December 2004 Page B-38 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- State of New Jersey 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations for 2002 Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 4,138 NR 10,930 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report New Jersey's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site. Web Site: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/violations2002.pdf New Jersey's State Report is also available at libraries and county and local health offices. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-39 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of New Mexico 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,317 NR 450 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report New Mexico's State Report is available by contacting: Drinking Water Bureau New Mexico Environment Department 525 Camino de los Marquez Santa Fe, NM 87505 December 2004 Page B-40 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of New York 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report t State submitted the information without a breakdown by rule, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 10,207 3,500 6,514* * The total number of violations in the report (6,514) differs from the total calculated from SDWIS/FED (3,974). Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report New York's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site. Web Site: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/2002_compliance_report.html 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-41 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of North Carolina 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 8,006 4,791** 13,279*** ** Total number of systems in violation is based on the reported total violations of 13,279. *** Total violations in the report (13,279) differs from the calculated total (28,083). Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report North Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline Telephone: (800) 426-4791 North Carolina Public Water Supply Section Telephone: (919) 715-3243 Web Site: www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws E-mail: Martha.Fillinger@ncmail.net December 2004 Page B-42 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- State of North Dakota 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations for 2002 Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 534 83 IIP* ** Total violations in the report (166) differs from the calculated total (111). This may be because the State report includes several "minor" violations which the EPA does not require states to include in the ACR. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report North Dakota's State Report is available by contacting: North Dakota Department of Health Division of Municipal Facilities RO. Box 5520 1200 Missouri Avenue Bismarck, ND 58506-5520 Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson Telephone: (701) 328-5293 Fax: (701) 328-5200 E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-43 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 Northern Mariana Islands 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 129 NR 0 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. December 2004 Page B-44 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Ohio 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. ** The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 5,621 3,357 9,090 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Ohio's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: PWS Annual Compliance Report Ohio EPA DDAGW RO. Box 1049 Columbus, OH 43216-1049 Web Site: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html Telephone: (614) 644-2752 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-45 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Oklahoma 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,655 229** 509 ' Systems violating only the Consumer Confidence Report Rule are not included. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Oklahoma's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Department of Environmental Quality Water Quality Division, 8th Floor 707 N. Robinson Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677 Department of Environmental Quality Water Quality Division RO. Box 1677 Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677 Web Site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html December 2004 Page B-46 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- State of Oregon 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations for 2002 Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 2,740 1,548 3,487 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Oregon's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site: Web Site: http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp/ Oregon's State report will also be published in the newsletter "The Pipeline." 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-47 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Pennsylvania 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * The state report indicates that data was obtained from SDWIS. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 10,064 1,773 7,426** ** Total violations in the report (6,707) differs from the calculated total (7,426) because violations of the Consumer Confidence Report Rule were not included. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Pennsylvania's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Department of Environmental Protection Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management RO. Box 8467, llth Floor RCSOB Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467 Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us Telephone: (717) 787-5017 December 2004 Page B-48 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 Puerto Rico 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 497 NR 3,956 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Puerto Rico's Report is available by contacting: Department of Health Public Water Supply Supervision Program Ponce de Leon Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza 9th Floor, Suite 903 Hato Rey, PR 00917 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-49 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Rhode Island 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 485 NR 45 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Rhode Island did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. December 2004 Page B-50 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of South Carolina 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,520 240 428 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report South Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: SCDHEC's Bureau of Water 2600 Bull Street Columbia, SC 29201 Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water Attention: Bruce Bleau Telephone: (803) 898-4154 Fax: (803)898-3795 E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.sc.gov 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-51 December 2004 ------- State of South Dakota 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations for 2002 Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possibly overcounts violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 697 NR 803 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report South Dakota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site. Web Site: http://www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/Drinking/annual02.pdf December 2004 Page B-52 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Tennessee 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. ** The state report gives two different counts in the report. The greater number is listed here. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,165 356*** 310 *** Includes violations of Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and By-Product Precursors. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Tennessee's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Division of Water Supply Central Office 401 Church Street 6th Floor, L&C Tower Nashville, TN 37243-1549 Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/DWprogram.php#reports Telephone: (615) 532-0191 Regional Environmental Assistance Centers (EACs)Division of Water Supply, 1-888-891-8332 Chattanooga EAC Division of Water Supply Suite 550 State Office Building 540 McCallie Avenue Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013 1-888-891-8332 Columbia EAC Division of Water Supply 2484 Park Plus Drive Columbia, TN 38401 1-888-891-8332 Cookeville EAC Division of Water Supply 121 South Willow Cookeville, TN 38502 1-888-891-8332 Johnson City EAC Division of Water Supply 2305 Silverdale Road Johnson City, TN 37601-2162 1-888-891-8332 Knoxville EAC Division of Water Supply Suite 220 State Plaza 2700 Middlebrook Pike Knoxville, TN 37219 1-888-891-8332 Nashville EAC Division of Water Supply 711 R. S. Gass Boulevard Nashville, TN 37216 1-888-891-8332 Jackson EAC Division of Water Supply 362 Carriage House Drive Jackson, TN 38305-2222 1-888-891-8332 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-53 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Texas 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report : The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission conducts Chemical Contaminant Group monitoring for all systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 6,653 896 1,174 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Texas' State Report is available by contacting: Buck Henderson Public Drinking Water Section (MC155) Water Supply Division Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission Telephone: (512) 239-0990 December 2004 Page B-54 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Utah 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 960t NR 583 t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report The state report did not provide information regarding public availability. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-55 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Vermont 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,372 NR 635 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Vermont's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation Vermont Water Supply Division 103 South Main Street Waterbury, VT 05671-0403 Web Site: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wquality.htm Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500 Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400 December 2004 Page B-56 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 Virgin Islands 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 350 96 155 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report The Virgin Islands' Report is available by contacting: Department of Planning and Natural Resources Division of Environmental Protection Virgin Islands' Report is also available at all public libraries, the University of the Virgin Islands' (UVI) library, UVI's Water Resource Research Institute, and at local laboratories. 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-57 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Virginia 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 3,575 719 1,372 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Virginia's Department of Health field offices or central office. Central Office 109 Governor Street Richmond, VA 23219 Web Site: httpAV/vww.vdh.state.va.us December 2004 Page B-58 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Washington 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 4,162 1,457 2,434 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Washington's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Department of Health Division of Drinking Water RO. Box 47822 Olympia,WA 98504-7822 Web Site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcementyenflink2.htm 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-59 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of West Virginia 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 1,373 569 2,188* * Calculated total (2,188) differs from reported total (1,903) by 285, which is the number of Consumer Confidence Report violations. Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report West Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: Web Site: http://www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/rd&c/reports.asp Environmental Engineering Division Office of Environmental Health Services Bureau for Public Health Department of Health and Human Resources 815 Quarrier Street Charleston, WV 25301 (304) 558-6714 Wheeling District Office Methodist Building, Suite 117 12th & Chapline Streets Wheeling, WV 26003 (304)238-1145 Philippi District Office 209 South Main Street Philippi, WV 26416 (304) 457-2296 Kearneysville District Office 44 Wiltshire Road Kearneysville, WV 25430 (304) 725-9453 Beckley District Office Bair Building, Suite 200 103 North Kanawha Street Beckley, WV 25801 (304) 256-6666 St. Albans District Office 808 B Street, Suite G St. Albans, WV 25177 (304)722-0611 December 2004 Page B-60 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Violations for 2002 State of Wisconsin 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 11,472 2,154 7,285 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Wisconsin's State Report is available by contacting: Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources RO. Box 7921 Madison, Wl 53707 Telephone: (608) 266-6669 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B Page B-61 December 2004 ------- Violations for 2002 State of Wyoming 2002 PWS Compliance Report Violations Category Chemical Contaminant Group Total Coliform Rule Surface Water Treatment Rule Lead and Copper Rule Consumer Confidence Report * Possible overcounting of violating systems. Total Number of Regulated Systems Total Number of Systems in Violation Total Number of Violations 736 NR 369 Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report Wyoming's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting: EPA's Region 8 Environmental Information Services Center Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917 E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov December 2004 Page B-62 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B ------- Appendix C Map of Indian Lands ------- ------- 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix C Page C-l December 2004 ------- ------- |