Providing  Safe Drinking
             Water In  America
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)
Washington, DC 20460

EPA305-R-04-001
December 2004

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                           National  Summary  of
     Public  Water Systems Compliance  in  2002
INTRODUCTION
The National Public Water Systems Compliance
Report for 2002 describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its
state and tribal partners are meeting the goal of
ensuring that Americans receive safe drinking
water from public water systems. The report also
discusses the data we use to measure our
success and the progress we are making in our
efforts to increase its reliability and
completeness.
EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report for every calendar year. The

          Public Water Systems
 A Public Water System (PWS)  is a system that
 provides water for human consumption, if such
 system  has at least 15 service connections or
 regularly serves at  least 25 individuals at least 60
 days out of the year. A public water system can be
 one of three types:
 •  Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15
    service connections (which may include
    factories, schools, or places of housing that are
    on the same distribution system as residences)
    used by year-round residences or  regularly serve
    at least 25 year-round  residents.
 •  Non-transient Non-community Systems
    (NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same
    persons over six months per year  not at their
    residence (e.g., schools or factories that have
    their own water source).
 •  Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS)
    serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25)
    over six months per year not at their residence
    (e.g., campgrounds or highway rest stops that
    have their own water source).
report is an annual summary of violations at the
nation's public water systems. The report also
summarizes and evaluates annual reports
prepared by the states.1
The first part of this report draws information
from the Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPAs
national database,  to provide a national picture
of the maximum contaminant level, treatment
technique, significant monitoring and reporting,
significant consumer notification and variance or
exemption violations the states and tribes with
primacy reported to EPA for 2002. EPA
aggregates these reported violations at all public
water systems in states, commonwealths,
territories and in Indian country to present a
national summary  of violations, and then
presents summaries of significant monitoring
and reporting violations, significant public
notification violations, and violations of health-
based standards at the different kinds of public
water systems.
The second part of this report presents
information on public water systems  in Indian
country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A.
Summaries and evaluations of completeness  of
the states' annual public water systems  reports
for 2002 are presented in Appendix B.
PWS COMPLIANCE	

This report uses information from SDWIS/FED,
the national database where EPA records
information the states are required to report
about their public water systems. For the
national public water system compliance reports,
   The term "state" includes 57 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been approved to implement the drinking water
   program within their jurisdiction. It also includes the Navajo Nation, which received EPA approval to implement its drinking
   water program on December 6, 2000. Federal approval to implement the drinking water program is called primary
   enforcement authority, or "primacy." During calendar year 2002, EPA directly implemented the drinking water program in
   Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout most of Indian country other than the Navajo Nation. EPA is responsible
   for reporting violations in areas where the Agency implements the program.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                                   December 2004

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              How Does The Public Find  Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe?
 Information Sent to Customers:	

 Consumer Confidence Report —
 (http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/pdfs/quickrefguide
 _ccr.pdf) Every community water system is required to
 produce a  yearly report identifying the contaminants
 detected in its water and the risks of exposure to those
 contaminants. Large systems are required to mail their
 customers the report. While medium systems and small
 systems are required to produce the report, these
 systems may obtain a waiver from the mailing
 requirement. Very small systems are only required to
 print the report in the local newspaper. The annual
 water quality report or consumer confidence report
 (CCR) provides customers with a more complete picture
 of drinking water quality and systems operations. The
 annual CCR tells customers what is in their water,
 where it comes from, and where they can obtain
 additional  information.

 Public Notification Rule — (http://www.epa.gov/
 safewater/pws/pn/rulefact.html)  Public water systems
 must notify their customers if there has been a violation
 of drinking water standards. Public notification is
 intended to ensure that consumers will always know if
 there is a problem with their drinking water. Public
 water systems must notify the people who drink their
 water if the level of a contaminant  in the water exceeds
 EPA, State, or tribal drinking water regulations, if there
 is a waterborne  disease outbreak or any other situation
 that may pose a risk to the public health, if the water
 system fails to test its water as required, or if the
 system has a variance or exemption from  the
                                     regulations. Depending on the severity of the situation,
                                     water suppliers have 24 hours to one year to notify
                                     their customers. Public notification is provided in
                                     addition to the CCR.

                                     Information on the Internet:	

                                     Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) —
                                     Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act,
                                     individual water systems, contaminants that may be in
                                     drinking water, and what individuals can do to help
                                     protect sources of their drinking water.

                                     Additional Information:	

                                     Call the Community Water System — Billing statements
                                     should  provide a number to call with questions.

                                     State Public Water Systems Compliance Report —
                                     Each state's annual report discusses the violations  at its
                                     public water systems. Most state reports include a  list
                                     of violating facilities.

                                     National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
                                     (this report) — Summarizes all reported violations at
                                     America's public water systems.

                                     Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) —
                                     Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers
                                     order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA
                                     experts if they need more information.

                                     Envirofacts Web Site  (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) —
                                     Allows  the public to access EPA databases containing
                                     information on  environmental activities that  may affect
                                     air, water, and land anywhere in the United  States.
EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations
of primary drinking water regulations that
specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a
contaminant in water that is delivered to any
user of a  public water system (Maximum
Contaminant Level or  MCL); 2) techniques for
treating water to make it safe;  3) monitoring and
reporting requirements (how and when water
must be tested and the results reported);  and 4)
significant user notification violations.2  While
SDWIS/FED collects information on monitoring
and reporting violations, only "significant"
monitoring and reporting violations are counted
in this report. A "significant" monitoring and
                                       reporting violation occurs, with rare exceptions,
                                       when no samples are taken or no results are
                                       reported during a compliance period. Table A-l
                                       provides a more  detailed description of
                                       significant monitoring violations for the different
                                       rules. A significant user notification violation
                                       occurs when a community water system
                                       completely failed to provide to its users a
                                       required report.  Significant user notification
                                       violations include violations of the Consumer
                                       Confidence Report Regulation and violations of
                                       the Public Notification Regulations. The
                                       information provided in the Consumer
                                       Confidence Report will supplement public
   This report tabulates only "significant" monitoring and reporting and notification (e.g., CCR) violations. Table A-l presents
   descriptions of significant monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations.
December 2004
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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notification that water systems must provide to
their customers upon discovering any violation of
a contaminant standard. The CCR should not be
the primary notification of potential health risk
posed by drinking water, but will provide
customers with a snapshot of the quality of their
drinking water supply. Public notification helps
to ensure that consumers receive timely
information about problems with their drinking
water. These public notification requirements
have always been a part of the Safe Drinking
Water Act.

EPA routinely evaluates state programs by
conducting data verification audits, which
evaluate state compliance decisions and reporting
to SDWIS/FED, and conducting triennial national
summary evaluations. The results of EPAs
second  triennial review of data quality in
SDWIS/FED, Drinking Water Data  Reliability
Analysis and Action Plan (2003) (EPA 816-R-03-
021, March 2004), includes an evaluation of data
collected from 1999 through 2001. The first
triennial review, published in 2000, analyzed
drinking water data from 1996 through 1998 to
establish a data quality baseline. The second
review indicates that data in SDWIS/FED are
highly accurate,  but still incomplete.

The first triennial review of data quality for the
period 1996  through 1998 resulted in a detailed
data analysis report in 2000  and also produced
an action plan for states  and EPA to work
together to improve data quality. The  plan
resulted in actions which included  training state
personnel, streamlining reporting to SDWIS/FED,
making SDWIS error reporting and correction
more user-friendly, reducing rule complexity,
improving data verification audits (DVs),
following-up  with Regions after DVs, and
encouraging  states to notify water systems of
sampling schedules annually. Like the first
review, this second triennial review of data
quality is largely based on  DVs. The DVs,
conducted between 1999 and 2001, reflect data
for 1,890 randomly selected PWSs  in 31 states.
To support a comparative analysis, a  similar set
of analyses and methods were used in the second
review as in the first, where possible.

The data quality of core inventory data was high
and essentially remained the same  as that
determined for the first assessment (95% in the
first triennial review versus 96% in the second
triennial review). Data quality for enforcement
data improved from 72% to 80% and remained of
moderate quality. Notably, there were 80% fewer
enforcement actions from the first assessment.

Violations were grouped by maximum
contaminant level (MCL), treatment technique
(TT), and monitoring and reporting (M/R)
violations. MCL violations were further broken
down into Total Coliform Rule (TCR)  MCL
violations and Chemical and Radionuclides MCL
violations (i.e., Other MCL). Violations for the
lead and copper rule were not included in the
analysis. While quality has improved
considerably in several areas, the analysis of DV
findings found that the violations data reported
by states to  EPA were very accurate but
incomplete in  several important aspects, as
described below.

•   The overall data quality for health-based
    violations  (i.e., MCL and SWTR TT) improved
    from 40%  in the first round to 65%. The
    overall data quality for M/R violations
    increased from 9% to 23%.
•   The Total Coliform Rule had the highest data
    quality, improving from  68% in the first
    assessment to  75% in the second. Data
    quality is lower, but improving, for other
    health-based standards including Chemicals
    and Radionuclides and the Surface Water
    Treatment Rule. Data quality for M/R
    violations has improved, but is still low.
•   Most violation errors are due to incorrect
    compliance determinations by states, that is,
    violations not correctly identified as such.
    —  Compliance determination errors
       accounted for slightly more than 50% of
       all MCL errors, and  more than 85% of
       SWTR TT and M/R errors.

    —  Half of the  M/R errors were due to a
       failure of the state to assign a violation
       where  sample data was missing from
       state files.

    —  Data flow errors (data in state databases
       but not in SDWIS/FED) accounted for 9%
       of all errors.

    —  Over-reporting of violations found in
       SDWIS/FED accounted for fewer than 2%
       of all errors. This is comparable to
       findings from the first assessment.

•   Data quality estimates are similar across
    water system types.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                                    December 2004

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More discussions of data quality concerns and
EPA's recommendations appear later in this
report.
FINDINGS	

In 2002,  160,541 public water systems
together served almost 295 million users. The
actual number of individuals served was
smaller, because millions of Americans drank
water from, and were counted as users by,
more than one public water system during the
course of the year.

          Percentage of Systems by Type
            • Transient Non-Community
            • Community
            D Non-Transient Non-Community

    53,245 community water systems served
    more than 267 million people in their
    primary residences.

    18,609 non-transient non-community
    systems (schools, factories) served 6 million
    people in places they frequented.

    88,687 transient non-community systems
    (campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a
    constantly changing user base of almost 22
    million people.
                                    Most public water systems were small, but
                                    large systems served a majority of the people
                                    who drank water from a public water system.
                                                                  Size vs. Users Served3
                                     100%

                                      80%'

                                      60%'

                                      40%'

                                      20%'
                                               95%
                                             77%
                        14%
                                                                    2%
                                               Small Systems           Large Systems

                                           • Percentage of Systems   • Percentage of Users Served

                                     •   95% of America's public water systems
                                        (including nearly all of the transient non-
                                        community systems) served 3,300 or fewer
                                        users. Together, these 151,924 small systems
                                        provided service to 14% of all users.

                                     •   2% of America's  public water systems served
                                        more than 10,000 users. Together, these
                                        3,840 large systems provided service to 77%
                                        of all users.

                                    As reported to SDWIS/FED, most of America's
                                    public water systems had no significant
                                    violations.
                                    It  is important to note that the triennial review
                                    revealed that only 65% of the apparent MCL
                                    violations and 23% of the apparent monitoring
                                    and reporting violations had been reported to
                                    SDWIS/FED  (although what percent of the
                                    unreported monitoring and reporting violations
                                    are significant violations is unknown). Since that
                                    report,  EPA and its state partners have worked
                                    towards the identification and resolution of any
                                    problems that may have produced data
                                    discrepancies in the past, and to prevent the
                                    occurrence of future problems. Because these
                                    ongoing efforts will result in significant
                                    corrections and additions to the data in
                                    SDWIS/FED, this 2002 report offers broad
                                    national findings rather than detailed analysis
                                    comparing previous  National compliance
                                    statistics.
3  Because fewer than 3% of public water systems are "medium" in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because
   only 9% of the population is served by them, this report omits a separate discussion of "medium" systems.
December 2004
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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      PWS with Reported Significant Violations
       • No Reported Significant Violations
       D Reported Significant Violations of Some Kind


•   For 73% of the public water systems in
    America, there was no report of a health-
    based violation nor were there reports of
    significant monitoring and reporting
    violations.

The primacy states reported either a health-
based violation,  a significant monitoring and
reporting violation, or a significant consumer
confidence report violation at approximately
43,500 public water systems in 2002.

•   Approximately 25,500 (24%) out of over
    107,000 non-community water systems had
    significant violations.
•   Forty-six (19%) out of almost 240 larger non-
    community water systems serving more than
    3,300 users had significant violations.
    Together these 46 larger non-community
    systems served only about 700,000 (2.5%)
    users of the 28 million users served by non-
    community water systems.
•   Approximately 25,500 (24%) out of over
    107,000 small non-community water systems
    serving 3,300 or fewer systems had
    significant violations. Together these small
    systems with  significant violations  served only
    3.4 million users out of the 28 million users
    served by non-community water systems.
•   Less than  18,000 (34%) out of the  over
    53,000 community water systems had
    significant violations.  Of the 267 million
    users served in their primary residence by
    community water systems,  over 53 million
    received their water from one of the violating
    community water systems.
•   Just over 1,800 (21%) of the almost 8,400
    larger community water systems serving
    more than 3,300 users had significant
    violations. These violating larger community
    systems served almost 47 million of the 267
    million users served in their primary
    residence by community water systems.
•   Of the over 44,800 small community water
    systems serving 3,300 users or less in their
    primary residence, approximately 16,100
    (36%) had significant violations. Less than
    6.9 million users were served by these small
    community water systems.
Most Americans received drinking water from
public water systems that recorded no
significant violations in 2002.

              Users Served by PWS
      Without Reported Significant Violations
          • Users Served by PWS without
             Reported Significant Violations
          • Users Served by PWS with
             Reported Significant Violations

    80% of the population served by public water
    systems received drinking water from a
    system that reported no violations of a
    health-based standard, was not cited for a
    significant violation of a monitoring and
    reporting requirement, and issued a
    consumer confidence report, if required.
    80% of the population served by community
    water systems received drinking water from
    a system that reported no violations of a
    health-based standard, was not cited for a
    significant violation of a monitoring and
    reporting requirement, and issued a
    consumer confidence report as required.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                                    December 2004

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                               Health-Based Violations  and  Illness
 It is important to note that a public water system's
 violation of a  health-based standard does not mean
 that the people who drank the system's water got
 sick. A health-based violation means either that the
 system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged
 as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system
 has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has
 judged necessary to protect its  users from an
 unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the
 regulated contaminant is present in source water.
 Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting
 from health-based violations, among them the
 duration of the violation, whether or not the violation
 occurred in an isolated section  of a complex public
 water system, and  the extent to which contamination
 exceeds the allowable level. While modern treatment
 systems have substantially reduced the  incidence of
 waterborne disease, drinking water contamination
 remains a  significant health risk management
 challenge.  Studies by the Centers for Disease Control
 (CDC) indicate that between  1980 and  1998 there
 were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to contamination
 in drinking  water resulting in an estimated 511,000
 cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996; Levy et
 al., 1998;  Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of
 outbreaks in the U.S. occurred  at surface water
 systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness
 were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium
 outbreak in Milwaukee, Wl, which resulted in an
 estimated 403,000 cases  (MacKenzie et al. 1994;
 McDonald  et  al. 2001).

 The number of waterborne disease outbreaks
 identified and reported  in the CDC database is
 believed, however,  to understate the actual incidence
 of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and
                                       Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997).
                                       Recognized and reported waterborne disease
                                       outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to
                                       waterborne pathogens that cause acute
                                       gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal
                                       discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such
                                       illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy
                                       people, many individuals experiencing these
                                       symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where
                                       medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may
                                       not be identified through routine testing.
                                       Consequently, outbreaks are often not  recognized in a
                                       community or, if recognized, are not traced  to a
                                       drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but
                                       probably significant portion of waterborne disease is
                                       endemic (i.e.,  isolated cases not associated with  an
                                       outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to
                                       recognize.

                                       EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide
                                       an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy
                                       people, but also for populations that are at greater
                                       risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive
                                       subpopulations include children (especially the very
                                       young), the elderly, the malnourished,  pregnant
                                       women, the disease-impaired (e.g., those with
                                       diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad category of
                                       those with compromised immune systems, such as
                                       AIDS patients, those with  autoimmune disorders  (e.g.,
                                       rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple
                                       sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on
                                       chemotherapy (Rose, 1997).  Immunocompromised
                                       persons are more likely than healthy individuals to
                                       contract waterborne disease, the severity and duration
                                       of their illness is often greater, and  they  are at a
                                       greater risk of death.
December 2004
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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The vast majority of the 114,585 violations
the states reported to SDWIS/FED in 2002
were for a public water system's  significant
failure to monitor and report, rather than a
violation of a standard.
       Type of Reported Significant Violations
               • Monitoring and Reporting
               D Health-Based
               D Monitoring and Reporting CCR

    If a system did not monitor the quality of its
    water, it is impossible to know if it has
    violated a health-based requirement. For this
    reason, a system's significant failure to
    monitor and report is a major  violation that
    must be addressed  and corrected.
    39% of the 91,530 significant monitoring and
    reporting violations reported by the states
    were violations of the monitoring and
    reporting requirements of the Total Coliform
    Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes
    of public water systems.
94% of America's public water systems
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2002.
   PWS With No Reported Health-Based Violations
  D Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations
  • Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations

The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total
Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based
standard most frequently violated.

    Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
                                                                 Chem      TCR        LCR      SWTR

                                                           SDWIS/FED recorded 14,028 violations of
                                                           health-based standards in 2002. 69% of these
                                                           violations were violations of the MCL for the
                                                           Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be
                                                           met by all types and sizes of public water
                                                           systems.4
   For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical contami-
   nants (Chem) — violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants —
   compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample
   resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); and
   4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in drinking
   water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                                     December 2004

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As reported to SDWIS/FED, 87% of community
water systems complied with the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule.
•   The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule
    requires all community water systems to
    provide an annual report to customers
    identifying the contaminants detected in their
    water and the health risks associated with
    those contaminants.
•   In calendar year 2002, 7,149 community
    water systems were found to have a
    "significant" violation of the CCR Rule,
    meaning that the community water system
    completely failed to provide the required
    report.
•   There were 9,027 reported violations of the
    CCR Rule in 2002.

No violations  of variances or exemptions were
reported to SDWIS/FED during 2002.
•   Under Federal law, states can grant variances
    or exemptions to public water systems in
    limited  circumstances allowing them to install
    alternative technology or giving them more
    time to  meet a standard if public health is
    adequately protected in the interim. The
    states did not report any violations of
    variances and exemptions for the few public
    water systems that were operating under a
    variance or exemption in 2002.

EPA and its state partners continue to take
enforcement actions against violators.5
During 2002, states and EPA initiated
enforcement actions in response to  drinking
water violations at public water systems  in their
jurisdictions. For new rules, EPA generally has
primary enforcement authority until the  States
receive primacy for each new rule. EPA
implemented the drinking water program in
Wyoming, the District of Columbia,  and in Indian
country,  except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency
initiated enforcement responses in these areas
and occasionally in the states, often at a  state's
invitation. Together, EPA and the  states initiated
over 1,100  formal enforcement actions, each
action potentially addressing multiple violations.
                                     •   In 2002 the states issued a total of 891
                                         formal enforcement actions, including 559
                                         administrative orders without penalty, 308
                                         administrative orders with penalty, 16 civil
                                         referrals to the states' Attorneys General, and
                                         8 civil cases filed.
                                     •   During the same period, EPA issued a total of
                                         277 formal enforcement actions, including
                                         274 Federal administrative orders, and three
                                         Federal Bilateral Compliance Agreements
                                         (BCA) signed.
                                     These totals do not take into account informal
                                     enforcement actions, compliance assistance, or
                                     the public water systems that returned to
                                     compliance before EPA and state procedures
                                     would require initiation of a formal response.

                                     EPA designates  a public water system a signifi-
                                     cant noncomplier if the system has serious,
                                     frequent or persistent violations that may pose a
                                     threat to public health. States and EPA give
                                     significant noncompliers priority attention  in
                                     their efforts to return violators to compliance and
                                     address violations with enforcement actions. For
                                     2002 EPA and the states focused more of their
                                     attention on returning to compliance significant
                                     noncompliers that were identified as such in
                                     2002.
                                     •   In calendar  year 2002, EPA designated
                                         15,276 public water systems significant
                                         noncompliers, which was comparable to the
                                         number of public water systems designated
                                         as noncompliers in 2000 and 2001. Most of
                                         these significant noncompliers in all these
                                         years served 3,300 or fewer users.
                                     •   In 2002 states and EPA addressed 3,850
                                         significant noncompliers. Of the
                                         noncompliers addressed, 2,581 (67%) were
                                         new significant noncompliers identified in
                                         2002. The other 1,269 were systems
                                         addressed as significant noncompliers in
                                         2001 and  earlier.
   There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal
   enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns
   the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal
   enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations  in a
   single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one reporting
   year are generally not initiated until early in the following year.
December 2004
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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•   The totals for significant noncompliers
    addressed do not take into account public
    water systems that are no  longer significant
    noncompliers because of informal
    enforcement actions or compliance
    assistance, or public water systems that
    returned to compliance before EPA and state
    procedures would require  initiation of a
    formal response.

DATA QUALITY	

The data used in this report came from EPA's
national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is
composed of data that primacy states are
required to submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter.
EPA uses information in SDWIS/FED to assess
progress in the implementation of regulations, to
develop national enforcement and compliance
priorities, and to provide information to the
public.
EPA periodically conducts data verifications
(independent, on-site audits) of primacy state
and tribal drinking water programs to ensure
that the primacy state is determining compliance
in accordance with Federal regulations. Data
verifications help detect differences  between data
in a state's files (whether electronic  or hard copy)
and data in SDWIS/FED.
As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts
described in past National Public Water Systems
Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of
data verifications conducted from 1999 to 2001
and previously from 1996 through 1998. The
most recent (1999-2001) audits,  which covered
31 states, analyzed data from  1,890 public water
systems. The data audits reviewed inventory
information (identifying systems,  their number,
their size, and their type), apparent violations
that either were reported or should  have been
reported, and any enforcement actions initiated.
EPA's review showed that the quality of the
information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is
improving, but the data are incomplete. This
finding principally reflects differences between
state and EPA regulatory interpretation rather
than a preponderance of data  management
issues. Most of the SDWIS/FED data quality
problems EPA identified were  instances where
violations that should have been recorded and
reported did not appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA
found that only a small percentage of this
incompleteness is because SDWIS/FED will
accept only properly transferred data.
EPA's analysis of the data verifications found:

•   95% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was
    accurate and complete.

•   The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations
    data improved from the first assessment to
    the second from 68% to 75% for the Total
    Coliform Rule standard, but is low for other
    health-based standards and for monitoring
    and reporting.

•   Most of the discrepancies between apparent
    and reported violations are because of
    unrecorded and unreported violations. This
    accounts for 62% of all discrepancies related
    to maximum contaminant level/treatment
    technique violations and 86% of all
    discrepancies related to monitoring and
    reporting violations.

•   Only 23% of apparent monitoring and
    reporting violations had been reported to
    SDWIS/FED.

•   65% of the apparent MCL/treatment
    technique violations had been reported to
    SDWIS/FED.

•   SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete
    information on 82% of the enforcement
    actions found in the states' records.

•   This report is not a measure of the quality of
    drinking water itself.

EPA continues to work with its state partners to
identify and resolve any problems that may have
produced data discrepancies in the past and to
ensure that complete and accurate
documentation is available  to help assess the
safety of the nations' drinking water.

•   While the drinking water violation data have
    shown improvements from the 1996-1998
    timeframe to the 1999-2001 timeframe, they
    are incomplete and will be evaluated for the
    2002-2004 timeframe.

•   EPA has set up a workgroup with the
    Association of State Drinking Water
    Administrators (ASDWA) to implement its
    updated 2003 Data Reliability Analysis and
    Action Plan (DRAAP). Implementation of the
    plan will begin in 2005.

•   EPA has negotiated grant conditions with
    several states based upon the 2003 DRAAR
    Under these grant conditions, the states
    would follow quality assurance/quality control
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                                   December 2004

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    plans for drinking water violation data
    reported to EPA and address the differences
    in interpretation of the regulation.

•   EPA will be working with all states to
    implement the EPA Order 5360.1 A2 dealing
    with requirements for quality management
    systems.

•   Changes to modernize SDWIS database
    should reduce data quality problems in the
    future from data entry to transmission.
    SDWIS Modernization focused on changes to
    make the quality checking function available
    to states before they send data to EPA, to
    provide a data entry format consistent with
    contemporary commercial data transfer
    formats, and  to reduce the complexity of data
    entry into SDWIS/FED by standardizing
    processing.

EPA continued to implement actions under the
National Infrastructure Assurance  Plan: Water
Supply Section for the purpose of improving the
security of the critical drinking water
infrastructure. The Agency also has in place as a
counter-terrorism measure a policy restricting
the availability of location data on PWS intakes
and wells, and continues a public/private
partnership with  water utilities to improve the
security of the nation's drinking water.


ENFORCEMENT AND  COMPLIANCE
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS	

Primacy States and EPA engage in a variety of
activities to help public water systems  remain in
and return to compliance, including formal
enforcement actions,  informal actions, and
compliance and technical assistance. State and
EPA compliance assistance efforts to help a
source remain in or return to compliance may
include:

•   conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys
    at public water systems (i.e., an on-site
    review of the  water sources, facilities,
    equipment, operations, and maintenance to
    evaluate their adequacy in producing and
    distributing safe drinking water);

•   helping systems invest in preventive
    measures;

•   providing financial assistance for system
    improvements through the Drinking Water
    State Revolving Fund and other State funding
    programs;
                                    •   reviewing water system plans and
                                        specifications;

                                    •   conducting training sessions;

                                    •   holding public information meetings;

                                    •   lending specialized monitoring equipment;
                                        and

                                    •   publishing informational bulletins and
                                        newsletters on training events and other
                                        educational opportunities.

                                    When a drinking water violation is detected and
                                    it is determined that compliance assistance is not
                                    the best tool to return a source to compliance,
                                    EPA guidelines require a response from the
                                    primacy agency as a condition  of funding.
                                    Acceptable responses include a variety of formal
                                    and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts
                                    to return a violating public water system to
                                    compliance as quickly as possible.

                                    Generally, the primacy agency's first responses to
                                    violations are informal actions, such as:

                                    •   compliance assistance as appropriate;
                                    •   reminder letters;
                                    •   warning letters;
                                    •   notices of violation;
                                    •   field visits; and
                                    •   telephone calls.
                                    If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy
                                    agency must initiate a formal enforcement
                                    response that requires the violating public water
                                    system to return to compliance. Formal
                                    enforcement responses  include:

                                    •   citations;

                                    •   administrative orders with  or without
                                        penalties;

                                    •   civil referrals to state attorneys general or to
                                        the Department of Justice;

                                    •   other sanctions such as denying permission
                                        for system expansion; and

                                    •   filing criminal charges.

                                    If a situation poses an imminent risk to public
                                    health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency
                                    order that requires the public water system to
                                    take the steps necessary to protect public health
                                    and return the system to compliance.
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INFORMATION ON AND
EVALUATION OF STATE REPORTS	

EPA reviewed each 2002 annual state report to
determine if it met the requirements of the  1996
Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state
reports are summarized in Table B-l in
Appendix B. Table B-l  shows whether a state:

•   submitted a report  to EPA;

•   included all required elements;

•   satisfied its statutory requirement to publish
    and distribute summaries of the report that
    inform the public of the availability of the full
    report;

•   identified the size and  type of violating
    systems;

•   discussed the compliance assistance and
    enforcement activities the state undertook in
    response to violations;

•   included a list of PWSs with MCL or
    treatment technique violations, as EPA
    recommended in its guidance to states on
    preparing their reports;

•   provided information to the public on
    availability of the reports; and

•   included additional information of interest to
    the public, such as  the number of public
    water systems in the state, their sizes and
    types, and background on the Safe Drinking
    Water Act and its implementation.
STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES	

EPA provides a state-by-state summary of
information reported in each state report in
Appendix B. The standardized format includes
an overall summary of the violations data the
Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report
(i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment
technique violations, significant monitoring and
reporting violations, and variances and
exemptions). The summary for each state also
tells how to obtain a copy of the state's full
report. The annual summary is based on
violations reported in the calendar year of 2002.

In some instances, the  data reported by a state in
July of 2003 may not agree with data currently in
SDWIS/FED. EPAs and the states' continual
efforts to ensure that the information in the
SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible
may have resulted in updates and corrections to
the data since the state published its report.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Most Americans received water from systems
which reported no violations of health-based
standards, and for which the states reported no
significant violations of monitoring and reporting
requirements.

There are some differences in the numbers of
violations reported in 2001 and 2002. The total
number of violations increased by 3.7% from
2001. The number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements increased
by about 3,100 — a 3.5% increase in violations
between 2001 and 2002. In 2002, America's
public water systems detected  and reported 306
fewer violations of health-based standards — a
2% decrease from 2001. The total violations
include health-based and significant monitoring
and reporting violations, along with violations of
the CCR.

In 2002,  states reported the largest number of
violations for the Chemical Contaminant Group.
The Chemical Contaminant Group represented
the group with the largest significant violations
for the monitoring and reporting requirements.
The 44,688 significant violations of monitoring
and reporting requirements of the Chemical
Contaminant Group represent 49% of all
significant monitoring and reporting violations
reported  by the states in 2002. The most violated
health-based  standard continues to be the Total
Coliform Rule. The 9,680 violations of the health-
based standards for the Total Coliform Rule
represent 69% of all reported violations of health-
based standards in 2002. For community water
systems,  the number of Total Coliform Rule
violations increased slightly from  2001. Health-
based violations of the rule decreased 5%, while
significant monitoring and reporting violations
increased 5%.

The number of significant violations reported
since 1999 has been trending upward.  The most
recent increase, however, was smaller than
previous  reporting years. During the same period
roughly 14%  of the violations reported  are
violations of health-based standards, while the
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
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December 2004

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remaining approximately 87% of the violations
are significant monitoring and reporting
violations. Likewise the number of significant
monitoring and reporting violations has
increased steadily since 1999. Violations of the
health-based standards fluctuated between small
increases (5%) to small decreases (2-3%) during
this period.  EPA incorporated the following
recommendations for fiscal years 2000, 2001,
and 2002.

States and EPA should continue working
together to  address significant violations of
monitoring and reporting and notification
requirements.

States and EPA should continue working
together to  address violations ofMCL and
treatment technique requirements.

Recognizing the importance  of consistent, long-
term efforts  to protect the public from microbial
contaminants of drinking water, EPA has made
assuring compliance with the drinking water
microbial rules part of its core drinking water
enforcement and compliance program beginning
in fiscal year 2005.

EPA Regions are working with states to evaluate
how well public water systems, especially large
systems, comply with the microbial rules and
whether enforcement actions are being initiated
when appropriate. Regions and states are also
identifying and evaluating microbial risks to
watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement
and compliance  efforts on ensuring the safety of
drinking water sources. Considerable effort will
also be devoted to training and compliance
assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of
small public water systems to maintain
compliance both with established rules and with
new microbial rules such as the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the
Ground Water Rule. In Indian country, where
almost all public water systems are small, EPA
will focus resources on ensuring compliance with
the microbial rules  and the standards for nitrates
in drinking water through implementation of its
new strategy for the FY05-07 Tribal National
Compliance  and Enforcement Priority.

With respect to the  rest of the drinking water
program, states and EPA are continuing their
efforts to implement the recommendations of the
national public water system reports:
                                    •  EPA provides funding to support nine
                                       technology assistance centers that help small
                                       systems with training, technical assistance,
                                       and technology demonstrations.

                                    •  States and EPA help promote compliance
                                       with existing drinking water requirements by
                                       conducting numerous assistance activities,
                                       such as on-site visits and the development
                                       and distribution of easy-to-read guides and
                                       checklists.

                                    •  EPA funding established and maintains the
                                       Local Government Environmental Assistance
                                       Network (LGEAN),  a source of free
                                       information on current  and developing SDWA
                                       requirements (as well as technical assistance,
                                       peer counseling, and financial guidance).
                                       LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at
                                       www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-
                                       TO-LGEAN (865-4326).

                                    •  EPA is developing a list of approved
                                       compliance technologies that will encourage
                                       small systems to use the existing flexibility in
                                       the regulations in selecting treatment for
                                       drinking water while still providing adequate
                                       public health protection.

                                    •  The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement
                                       actions against violating public water systems
                                       both to discourage  violations and to ensure
                                       public health protection.

                                    EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders
                                    should continue to work cooperatively to
                                    improve the quality of compliance data.

                                    Since September 1998, the findings and
                                    recommendations of the national public water
                                    systems reports have been  incorporated into
                                    EPAs ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of
                                    data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report,
                                    EPA noted that  compliance  data  in many
                                    individual state reports differed from the data
                                    reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states,
                                    and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our
                                    data quality goal should be "100% complete,
                                    accurate, and timely data submitted by public
                                    water systems and primacy agencies, consistent
                                    with SDWA reporting requirements." Further
                                    analysis and discussions among the stakeholders
                                    led to establishment of interim milestones for
                                    how soon that goal will be achieved.

                                    EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders
                                    made significant progress on most of the data
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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recommendations of the earlier national reports
— in some instances achieving full
implementation. Among the major
accomplishments, EPA has:

•   improved the display of drinking water data
    in Envirofacts;

•   characterized and quantified the data quality
    problem;

•   taken interim steps to improve data quality,
    including improvements to the data entry
    tools states use to put information in
    SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism
    that enables water systems to  confirm the
    accuracy of data before it is accepted  by
    SDWIS/FED; and

•   made a long-term commitment to achieve and
    maintain data quality goals.

More remains to be done to achieve the goal of
100% accurate, complete, and timely
information. Some of the next steps EPA, states,
and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed
to undertake include:

•   streamlining data reporting and reducing rule
    complexity;

•   conducting more training to ensure regulatory
    staff can accurately determine compliance
    with drinking water rules and data entry staff
    can upload complete and accurate data to
    SDWIS/FED;
making SDWIS/FED error reports more user
friendly and understandable to state drinking
water managers;

encouraging states to issue annual reminders
to water systems of their compliance
monitoring schedules;

providing states with individual, prioritized
recommendations for improving their data
quality;

performing more frequent data verification
audits;

calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data
quality every 3 years, or more frequently if
data from a sufficient number of data
verifications are available;

working with the Association of State
Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) to
implement its updated 2003 Data Reliability
Analysis and Action  Plan  (DRAAP).
Implementation of the plan will begin in
2005;

negotiating grant conditions with several
states to encourage them  to follow quality
assurance/quality control plans for drinking
water violation data  reported to EPA and
address the differences in interpretation of
the regulation; and

working with all states to implement the EPA
Order 5360.1 A2 dealing with requirements
for  quality management systems.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                      Page 13
December 2004

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    National Summary of Compliance  for  Public
      Water  Systems in  Indian  Country  in  2002
INTRODUCTION
This section of the 2002 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are
meeting the goal of ensuring that public water
systems in Indian country provide safe drinking
water.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
INDIAN COUNTRY	

Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary
enforcement authority (known as primacy) to
administer the drinking water program provided
they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and
1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As
of 2002, only the Navajo Nation has received
primacy for most public water systems on the
Navajo  Reservation. For the purposes of this
report,  EPA, therefore, administers the drinking
water program in the rest of Indian country.

A glossary of terms used  in this report appears
in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by
this section appears in Appendix C.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA	

Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages
outside of Indian country are not included in this
section of the report. Similarly, compliance
figures for  18 public water systems in Indian
country located in Oklahoma are not included in
this section of the report. In both cases, this
information is found in the state reports for
Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state
reports do not, however, contain separate
information on these public water systems.
DATA QUALITY	

This report uses information from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System/Federal
Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national
database where EPA records information on
public water systems in Indian country. Public
water systems in Indian country are required to
report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the
information to determine compliance with the
national primary drinking water regulations of
SDWA.

This report also discusses the limitations in the
data EPA uses to measure its success and the
steps it is taking to increase data reliability and
completeness. The report also discusses EPAs
compliance assistance, enforcement, and
financial assistance programs. EPA plans to
continue its data quality efforts during 2003 to
ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and
accurate information. A complete discussion of
data quality is in the National Summary of Public
Water Systems Compliance in 2002 under the
section entitled Data Quality.
FINDINGS	

In 2002, 978 public water systems in Indian
country served 735,889 users.

•  755 community water systems served
   617,075 people in their primary residences.
•  115 non-transient non-community systems
   (schools and factories) served 94,460 people
   in places they frequented.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country
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December 2004

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    108 transient non-community systems
    (campgrounds and highway rest stops)  served
    24,354 people who passed through.

          Percentage of Systems by Type
                                        Systems with Reported Significant Violations
             D Transient Non-Community
             • Community
             D Non-Transient Non-Community
Almost all public water systems in Indian
country were small. These small systems
provide drinking water to the majority of the
public who drank water in Indian country.

•   96% of public water systems in Indian
    country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These
    936 small systems served 63% of the people
    who received water from public water
    systems in Indian country. Conversely, the
    other 42 public water systems in Indian
    country serve 37% of the people who received
    water from public water systems in Indian
    country.


As reported to SDWIS/FED, most public water
systems in Indian country did not have
violations.

•   753 of 978 water systems (77%) had no
    reported health-based or significant reporting
    violations.
                                                                   D No Reported Violations
                                                                   D Violations of Some Kind
                                    93% of public water systems in Indian country
                                    reported no violations of a health-based
                                    drinking water standard in 2002.

                                    •   110 health-based violations in Indian country,
                                        including multiple violations by some
                                        systems, were reported to SDWIS/FED in
                                        2002. The Maximum Contaminant Level
                                        (MCL) for the Total Coliform Rule (95%) was
                                        the health-based standard most frequently
                                        violated.

                                        Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule

                                      100% —           95%
                                      90%
                                      80%
                                      70%
                                                              Chem       TCR       LCR      SWTR
                                                                 • Percentage of Health-Based Violations
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The vast majority of violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2002 were for a public water
system's significant failure to monitor and
report, rather than health-based MCL or a
treatment technique violations detected and
reported by a system.

•   Of the 1,037 violations reported to
    SDWIS/FED in 2002, 800 (77%) were
    significant violations of monitoring and
    reporting requirements. If a system did not
    monitor the quality of its water, it is
    impossible to know  if it has violated health-
    based requirements. For this reason, a
    system's significant failure to monitor and
    report is a major violation that must be
    addressed and corrected.

•   Public water systems in Indian country
    represent 0.6% of all public water systems in
    the United States and were responsible for
    0.9% of all monitoring and  reporting
    violations at public water systems reported to
    SDWIS/FED in 2002.

                Type of  Violations
              D Health-based
              • Monitoring and Reporting
              D CCR
As reported to SDWIS/FED, 90% of community
water systems in Indian country complied with
the Consumer Confidence Report Rule.

•   The Consumer Confidence Report Rule
    requires all community water systems to
    provide an annual report to customers
    identifying the contaminants detected in their
    water and the health risks associated with
    those contaminants.
    In calendar year 2002, 77 community water
    systems in Indian country were found to have
    a "significant" violation of the Consumer
    Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the
    community water  system completely failed to
    provide the required report.
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
AND ENFORCEMENT	

EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public
water systems in Indian country comply with
SDWA regulations.

EPA's tribal compliance assistance program is
designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA
by building cooperative working relationships
with utility managers, operators, other tribal
environmental staff, and tribal elected officials.
The program emphasizes information exchanges,
operation assistance, and water quality
monitoring.

EPA gives information and assistance directly to
tribal public water system operators, utility
managers,  and owners through training sessions,
newsletters, telephone support, and system visits.
On-site technical assistance is provided by
engineers and qualified staff who work with
tribes to assess current compliance status,
develop monitoring schedules and compliance
plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA
coordinates many of these activities with other
federal agencies, including the Indian Health
Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.
Coordination also occurs with non-governmental
organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including
the Native American Water Association, the Rural
Water Association, and the Rural Community
Assistance Corporation.

EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement
actions against owners or operators of public
water systems in Indian country if a system is not
in compliance with SDWA. In most cases,  EPA
relies on compliance assistance and informal
enforcement actions to facilitate  a trib ally-owned
or -managed public water system's return  to
compliance. When a formal enforcement action is
appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative
orders, including emergency administrative
orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the
Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the
Administration of Environmental Programs on
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country
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Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84)
and the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles
Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency's
approach to bringing civil administrative or
judicial enforcement actions against systems
owned, operated, or managed by tribal
governments.

Public water systems are required to monitor for
89 different contaminants and conduct analyses
using a variety of EPA-approved analytical
methods. Where a system fails to perform
monitoring for some or all of the required
contaminants, a separate monitoring and
reporting violation is recorded for each missed
contaminant. Each of these violations is
enforceable.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE	

EPA provides financial assistance to public water
systems in Indian country to help build tribal
capacity to operate and maintain systems in
compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a
long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes
grants,  training, and technical assistance as they
develop their environmental programs. EPAs
Indian General Assistance Program builds tribal
capacity by providing grants to plan, develop, and
establish environmental protection programs,
including drinking water programs.

EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking
water program priorities. EPA allotted
approximately $2.7 million (3% of the set-aside of
public water  systems appropriations) for
implementing the  Tribal Public Water System
Supervision Program in fiscal year 2002.
Through this program, EPA awards grants to
tribes and tribal organizations to address various
aspects of the drinking water program.

In addition to the  3% set-aside, EPA received an
additional $3 to $4 million in fiscal year 2002 for
addressing drinking water needs on Indian lands.
EPA is focusing on activities such as:

•   capacity development projects;

•   source water and wellhead protection
    projects;

•   development of a voluntary operator
    certification program for tribes;

•   provision of operator training and
    certification to tribal operators;
                                    •   consolidation of PWSs;

                                    •   distribution system improvements;

                                    •   community water system extensions;

                                    •   replacement of water mains;

                                    •   adding new wells;

                                    •   treatment improvements; and

                                    •   construction of new pumphouses.


                                    In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an
                                    infrastructure funding  program was established
                                    to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the
                                    appropriation for the national Drinking Water
                                    State Revolving Fund program is set aside for
                                    American Indian communities and Alaska Native
                                    Villages. The initial  set-aside from the 1997
                                    appropriation amounted  to $19.25 million.
                                    Subsequent set-asides  have been: $10.87 million
                                    in fiscal year 1998;  $11.625 million in fiscal year
                                    1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; $12.347
                                    million in fiscal year 2001; and $12.75 million in
                                    fiscal year 2002.

                                    Finally, technical assistance and training for
                                    small tribally-owned or -operated public water
                                    systems are also provided. Through the
                                    cooperative agreements, small tribal public water
                                    systems receive information on training and
                                    technical assistance, wellhead and ground water
                                    protection, and source water protection.


                                    CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

                                    In 2002, EPA Regions reported that 77% of the
                                    public water systems in Indian country did not
                                    report a violation of a health-based standard, a
                                    significant monitoring and reporting violation, or
                                    a significant consumer notification violation. This
                                    represents an overall increase from 2001 when
                                    60% of facilities did not report a violation of a
                                    health-based standard, a significant monitoring
                                    and reporting violation, or a significant consumer
                                    notification violation.

                                    During 2002, there  was a noticeable decrease in
                                    the total number of significant violations of
                                    monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian
                                    country (from 983 in 2001 to 799 in 2002).

                                    EPA continues to implement two primary
                                    recommendations from previous reports:
                                    (1) improve collection and maintenance of
                                    compliance data for public water systems  in
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Indian country; and (2) place a priority on
decreasing the number of monitoring and
reporting violations to gain a full understanding
of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will
accomplish these recommendations by:

•   improving the inventory of public water
    systems in Indian country;

•   improving the collection and entry into
    SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement
    information in a timely manner to avoid
    keeping multiple records;

•   continuing to work with tribal  governments,
    utility managers, and water system operators
    to improve  compliance with monitoring and
    reporting requirements and with health-based
    standards, particularly the Total Coliform
    Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule;

•   increasing EPA's field presence, conducting
    more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging
    in targeted technical and compliance
    assistance and enforcement; and

•   continuing to support and encourage capital
    improvements for public water systems to
    improve the infrastructure (and therefore
    compliance with SDWA requirements) of
    public water systems in Indian country,
    including grants provided under the Drinking
    Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement
    Program.

Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to
compliance and enforcement issues at public
water systems owned, operated, or managed by
tribal governments in a manner consistent with
SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles. Where compliance
assistance is ineffective or where, among other
things, there is a significant threat to human
health or the environment, EPA takes appropriate
steps to return systems to compliance, including
formal enforcement actions.

Beginning in federal fiscal year 2005, EPA's Office
of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance plans
to focus increased attention on environmental
issues in Indian country through implementation
of its new Strategy for the Tribal National
Compliance and Enforcement Priority. One of the
goals is to improve compliance with drinking
water standards by the  end of fiscal year 2007.
Between fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2008,
EPA will work to improve the quality of public
water system data, provide additional compliance
assistance, and reduce the number of systems
that are out of compliance for key microbial
rules. In addition, as part of this strategy, EPA is
planning to conduct by  2008 data verifications
for the nine EPA regions which have direct
implementation authority for tribal drinking
water programs.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country
                         Page 19
December 2004

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   Appendix A



Glossary of Terms

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Administrative Order
Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a
State to address noncompliance at a public water
system, usually by means of a compliance
schedule with enforceable milestone dates.

Chemical Rules
Refers collectively to regulations that protect the
public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper),
and radioactivity in drinking water.

Community Water System
A public water system that serves at least 15
service connections used by year-round residents
or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents (e.g., homes, apartments and
condominiums that are occupied year-round as
primary residences).

Consumer Confidence Rule
Requires community water  systems to prepare
and provide to their customers annual consumer
confidence reports on the quality of the water
delivered by the systems.

Federally-recognized Indian Tribe
An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo,
community,  or Alaska Native Village that the
Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as
an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally
Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25
U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the
Department of the Interior,  the list of federally-
recognized tribes is updated periodically and
published in the Federal Register.  The latest list
of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available
at 65 Federal Register 12398  (March 13, 2000).

Health-based Violation
A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant
Level or a Treatment Technique requirement.

Inorganic Chemicals
These non-carbon based compounds (such as
metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur
naturally in  some sources of drinking water or be
introduced by human activity. EPA has
established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants.
Violations of standards for lead and copper are
addressed separately.

Large System
A public water system that serves more than
10,000 people.
Lead and Copper Rule
Requires a public water system to take steps to
minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper
in drinking water by monitoring for these
contaminants, installing corrosion control where
required, and, where necessary, educating the
public about ways to reduce exposure. A system
may also be required to treat its source water or
replace lead service lines.

Maximum Contaminant  Level
The maximum permissible level of a contaminant
in water delivered to any user of a public water
system.

Monitoring and Reporting Violation
Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and
reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-
specific minimum testing schedules and
operational reporting requirements. Those
monitoring and reporting violations considered
"significant" for the purposes of the state and
national public water system compliance reports
are described below in Table A-l.

Nitrate and Nitrite
Inorganic compounds that can enter water
supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff,
livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater
discharges.

Non-transient Non-community Water System
A non-community public water system that
regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons
over six months per year. A typical example of a
non-transient non-community water system is a
school or an office building that has its own
water source, such as a drinking water well.

Organic Chemicals
These carbon-based compounds, such as
solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water
through a variety of means, including factory
discharges or runoff from  crop lands. EPA has
established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants.

Primacy
The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA,
States, and Tribes to work as partners  to ensure
delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any
State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility
for operation and oversight of the drinking water
program within its borders. In order to receive
this responsibility (called "primary enforcement
authority" or "primacy"), a State or Tribe must
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A
                        Page A-l
December 2004

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show, among other things, that it has adopted
drinking water regulations that are at least as
stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate
its capacity both to enforce those regulations and
to implement other activities necessary to ensure
compliance.

In the absence  of State or Tribal primacy, EPA
assumes responsibility for administering the
drinking water program for that area. Of the 56
eligible States (defined to  include
Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of
Columbia), all but Wyoming and the  District of
Columbia have primacy. During calendar year
2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the
drinking water program within these two
jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for
the Navajo Nation.

Primary Drinking Water Regulations
These are regulations that apply to public water
systems; specify contaminants which, in the
judgment of the Administrator, may have an
adverse effect on the health  of persons;  and
specify for each such contaminant either a
maximum contaminant level or a treatment
technique.

Public Water System
A system for the provision to the  public of water
for human consumption through  pipes or other
constructed conveyances,  if such  system has at
least 15 service connections or regularly serves at
least 25 individuals at least 60 days  out of the
year. A public water system  can be either a
community water system, a non-transient non-
community water system, or a transient non-
community water system.

Radionuclides
Radioactive particles, such as radium-226,
radium-228, gross alpha,  and beta
particle/photon radioactivity, can  occur naturally
in water or may result from human activity. EPA
has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters,
alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228.

Regional Offices
Responsible for implementing Environmental
Protection Agency programs within their
respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices
cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and
local agencies, as well as with industry, academic
                                    institutions, and other private groups to ensure
                                    that Regional needs are addressed and that
                                    Federal environmental laws are upheld.

                                    Small  Systems
                                    Public  water systems that serve no more than
                                    3,300 people.

                                    Surface Water Treatment Rule
                                    The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
                                    requires a public water system served by surface
                                    water or by ground water under the influence of
                                    surface water to take steps (such as disinfection,
                                    filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed
                                    control) to reduce potential exposure to
                                    microbiological contamination.

                                    Total Coliform Rule
                                    Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water
                                    distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria,
                                    which are found in decaying organic material and
                                    in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are
                                    usually not harmful to human health, their
                                    presence may indicate the presence of other,
                                    more dangerous microbial contamination.

                                    SDWIS/FED
                                    EPAs database for collecting safe drinking water
                                    monitoring results from oversight agencies.
                                    SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water
                                    Information System. Public Water Systems are
                                    required to report all monitoring results to the
                                    primary enforcement authority.  States with
                                    primacy, or EPA where it administers the
                                    program, analyze the monitoring results,
                                    determine compliance, and report violations to
                                    EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records
                                    of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED
                                    records only violations, not results that
                                    demonstrate compliance  with drinking water
                                    standards.

                                    Total Trihalomethanes
                                    These chemicals can be by-products of chemical
                                    processes used to disinfect drinking water.

                                    Transient Non-community Water System
                                    A non-community water system that regularly
                                    serves  at least 25 people  (but not the same 25)
                                    over six months per year. A typical example is a
                                    campground or a highway rest stop that has its
                                    own water source, such as a drinking water well.
December 2004
Page A-2
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A

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Treatment Technique
In cases where EPA has determined it is not
technically or economically feasible to establish
an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a
treatment technique. These are treatment
methods required by EPA to minimize the level of
a contaminant in drinking water.

Variances and Exemptions
A public water system that cannot comply with a
drinking water standard because of poor source
water quality, or, in the case of small systems,
inadequate financial resources, can be granted a
variance to comply with less stringent, but still
protective standards based on a specific EPA-
approved technology available to the system.  An
exemption allows a PWS with compelling
circumstances (including economic
considerations) additional time to achieve
compliance with applicable SDWA requirements,
so long as public health is adequately protected.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A                           Page A-3   •  December 2004

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                   TABLE A-l: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS  FOR
                       ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM  REPORTS
Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water
Treatment Rule
Lead and
Copper Rule
c Phase 1, II, MB,
and V Rules
h
Total
e Trihalomethanes
m Radionuclides
Violation Type
Major routine
Major repeat
Major (filtered)
Major (unfiltered)
Initial lead and
copper tap
Follow-up or
routine lead
and copper tap
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Description
No samples collected during a
compliance period
No follow-up samples
collected after a positive total
coliform sample or no
speciation
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Either failed to collect the
initial tap samples, and then
failed to correct that omission
within a) 3 months for large
systems, b) 6 months for
medium systems, or c) 12
months for small systems; or
failed to submit the associated
report
Failed to collect 1 or more
required samples
Failed to collect any required
samples2
Failed to collect any required
samples
Failed to collect any required
samples
SDWIS
Violation Code1
23
25
36
31
51
52
03
03
03
SDWIS
Contaminant Code
3100
3100
None
None


By contaminant
2950
4000, 4100,
4010
1  EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting
   violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.
2  Failure to collect "any required samples" means none of the required samples were collected.
December 2004
Page A-4
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A

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           TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR
                      PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2002
Applicability of Regulations
Contaminant/Rule
Organic Contaminants
Total Trihalomethanes
Contaminants
(TTHM)
Inorganic Contaminants
Nitrate and Nitrite
Contaminants
Radionuclides
Contaminants
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Community
Water Systems
All
Only systems serving more
than 10,000
All
All
All
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
All
Non-transient Non-
Community Water Systems
All
None
All except arsenic
and fluoride
All
None
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
All
Transient Non-Community
Water Systems
Only epichlorohydrin
and acrylamide
None
None
All
None
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
None
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A
Page A-5
December 2004

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       Appendix B

Summaries of State Annual
   Compliance Reports

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CONTENTS
Alabama	B-7
Alaska  	B-8
American Samoa	B-9
Arizona  	B-10
Arkansas  	B-11
California	B-12
Colorado  	B-13
Connecticut  	B-14
Delaware  	B-15
District of Columbia	B-16
Florida	B-17
Georgia	B-18
Guam	B-19
Hawaii	B-20
Idaho	B-21
Illinois  	B-22
Indiana	B-23
Iowa	B-24
Kansas 	 B-25
Kentucky	B-26
Louisiana	B-27
Maine	B-28
Maryland	B-29
Massachusetts	B-30
Michigan	B-31
Minnesota	B-32
Mississippi	B-33
Missouri	B-34
Montana	B-35
Nebraska  	 B-36
Nevada  	 B-37
New Hampshire	B-38
New Jersey	B-39
New Mexico	B-40
New York	B-41
North Carolina	B-42
North Dakota	B-43
Northern Mariana Islands	B-44
Ohio	B-45
Oklahoma	B-46
Oregon  	 B-47
Pennsylvania	B-48
Puerto Rico	B-49
Rhode Island	B-50
South Carolina	B-51
South Dakota	B-52
Tennessee	B-53
Texas	B-54
Utah	B-55
Vermont	B-56
Virgin Islands	B-57
Virginia	B-58
Washington	B-59
West Virginia	B-60
Wisconsin	B-61
Wyoming	B-62
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                       Page B-l
December 2004

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This Appendix presents a summary of each state
report in a standardized format. The format
includes an overall summary of the violations
data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments  (i.e.,
violations with respect to maximum contaminant
levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations,
significant monitoring and reporting
requirements, significant notification violations,
and variances and exemptions).

 This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the
 States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors
 must be taken into account before drawing conclusions
 about a State program. For example, public water  systems
 are required to report all violations to the State, but State
 drinking water programs vary in the regulations they
 choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus
 attention  and resources on one particular rule may have
 discovered and reported many more violations of that rule
 than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A
 disproportionate number of violations in a State could also
 indicate that the State needs to work with its public water
 systems to improve their compliance.
 Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided
 in the State summaries within the context of each  State
 and its individual drinking water program.

In 2002, EPA received State Public Water System
Compliance Reports from 48 of the 57 primacy
states, Commonwealths, Territories, and tribes.  As
in past years, American Samoa, Guam, and the
Northern Mariana Islands did not submit reports,
and, with limited exceptions,  did not supply
information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive a
report from Arizona, Iowa, Kentucky,
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the Navajo
Nation. Appendix B supplies what information is
available in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at
public water systems in the Pacific territories.
Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and
most Indian Tribes did not have primary
enforcement responsibility for drinking water in
calendar year 2002, EPA prepared reports for
those jurisdictions.

Violations for 2002	
EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment
technique, and significant monitoring and
reporting violations 1 reported by each state in
five categories:
1
•   Violations of chemical contaminant
    requirements2
•   Violations of the Total Coliform Rule
•   Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule
•   Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule
•   Significant Notification Violation
EPA summarizes the numbers of individual
public water systems in violation in each of these
five categories, as reported by the state.
If a state's report did not include information in a
category, EPAs summary notes the omission.

2002 Totals	
EPA also summarizes the total number  of
systems in each state, the total number of
violations reported, and  the total number of
PWSs in violation, if the  state reported this
information. When states did not provide
information on the total  number of public water
systems, EPA supplied that information from the
SDWIS/FED.

Systems in Violation	
Systems in Violation is defined as the number of
different systems with a  reported violation of this
type. Some states counted a system with multiple
violations or violations in more than one category
as one violating system.  Other states counted a
violating system each time it had a violation,  or
once for each of the regulatory categories in
which it had a violation.  If EPAs  review  of a
state's report indicated some violating systems
were counted more than once,  an asterisk notes
that the state's number possibly  overcounts
violating systems.


Variances and Exemptions	
There were no reported violations of variances
and exemptions in 2002.

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual
Public Water Systems  Report	
If a state's report includes  information on how to
obtain a copy of the report, that  information  is
provided on the state summary page in  this
Appendix.
   A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total
   Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A.
2  MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and
   radionuelide contaminants.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                          Page B-3
December 2004

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                                    Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Navajo Nation
Nebraska
Submitted
Report
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR

X
MCL
X
X
M/R
X
X
TT
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems


Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X
Identified Each
System with
MCL and TT
Violations
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information1
X
X
Did not submit report.
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X


X

X


X


X
X
X


X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X


X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X


X
X
X
X


X

X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X





X
X
X
X
X
X


X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
  December 2004  •   Page B-4
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                           Table  B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States (continued)
State
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Submitted
Report
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR

X
X

X
X
X
MCL

X
X
X
X
X
X
M/R

X
X
X
X
X
X
TT

X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported
on V/E

X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information

X
X
X
X
X
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems

X





Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses

X

X
X


Identified Each
System with
MCL and TT
Violations
X
X

X
X
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability

X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information1

X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X






X





X

X
X

X
X




X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X


X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-5
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Alabama 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
 : The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
705
120**
299
 ' This number is approximate; the state report indicated that 83% of the total number of systems were in complete compliance.
Where to Obtain the  2002 Annual State  Public Water Systems  Report
Alabama's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEM
Drinking Water Branch
R 0. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL 36130-1463
Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html
E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us
Alabama's State Report can also be reviewed at the ADEM field offices in Birmingham, Decatur, and Mobile.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-7
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Alaska 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,582
694
3,570
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Alaska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEC
DW/WW Program
555 Cordova Street
Anchorage, AK 99501
Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm
Telephone: (907) 269-7647
December 2004
Page B-8
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                             American Samoa 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
22
NR
112
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
American  Samoa did not publish an Annual  Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-9
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Arizona 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,665
NR
6,014
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arizona did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-10
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Arkansas 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
**The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,159
250
483
Where to Obtain the  2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arkansas' State Report is  available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Arkansas Department of Health
Shared Services
4815 West Markham Street
Litttle Rock, AR  72205-2032
Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/viol.htm
Attention: David Quattlebaum, Compliance/Enforcement Officer
Telephone:  (501) 661-2623
Fax:  (501)  661-2032
E-mail: dquattlebaum@healthyarkansas.com
Arkansas' State Report is  also available at all  local health units in Arkansas.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-l 1
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                               State of California 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
*The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
** Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,000t
NR
1,816
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

California's State Report is available by contacting:

Department of Health Services
Division of Drinking Water and Environmental Management
601  North 7th Street, MS 92
RO. Box 942732
Sacramento, CA  94234-7320

Web Site:  http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/publications/pubindex.htm

Telephone: (916)323-6111
December 2004
Page B-12
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Colorado 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,078
NR
882
Where to Obtain the  2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Colorado's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
CADM-B2
4300 Cherry Creek Drive  South
Denver, CO 80246

Web Site: http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/Drinking_Water/Drinking_Water_Program_Home.htm

Attention: Annual Compliance Report
Lori Gerzina
WQCD Compliance Assurance & Data Management Unit

Telephone: (303) 692-3587

E-mail: lori.gerzina@state.co.us
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-13
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Connecticut 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,020
NR
4,766
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Connecticut's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Drinking Water Division Offices
Department of Public Health
450 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, CT  06106-1365
Web Site:  http://www.dph.state.ct.us/BRS/Water/DWD.htm

Telephone: (860) 509-7333
December 2004
Page B-14
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Delaware 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
611*
79
94
 The state report gives two different counts in the report. The greater of the two counts is shown here.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Delaware's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Office of Drinking Water
Division of Public Health
Blue Hen Corporate Center
655 Bay Road, Suite 203
Dover, DE 19903

Web Site:  http://www.state.de.us/dhss/dph/hsp/files/acr2002report.pdf

Telephone: (302) 739-5410
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-15
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                             District of Columbia 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2
1
2
Where to Obtain the  2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
District of Columbia's Report is available by accessing EPA Region Ill's web site or by contacting:
Drinking Water Branch (3WP22)
U.S. EPA Region III
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029
Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm
Attention: George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager
Telephone: (215) 814-5781
FAX: (215) 814-2318
E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov
December 2004
Page B-16
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                                State of Florida 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,500
NR
1,359
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Florida's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-17
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                                State of Georgia 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,262f
1,193
2,034**
** Total violations in the report (2,034) differs from the calculated total (1,361).
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Georgia's State  Report is available by contacting:
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
Drinking Water  Program
Information Management Unit
2 Martin  Luther King, Jr. Drive,  Suite 1362 East
Atlanta, GA 30334
Attention:  Doug Davenport
Telephone: (404)  651-5162
December 2004
Page B-18
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                                  Guam 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12
NR
2
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-19
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Hawaii 2002  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
132
4
37
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Hawaii's State Report is available by contacting:
William Wong, RE., Chief
Hawaii Department of Health
Safe Drinking Water Branch
Environmental Management Division
919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308
Honolulu, HI  96814-4920
Telephone: (808)  586-4258
Fax:  (808) 586-4351
E-mail: bwong@eha.health.state.hi.us
December 2004
Page B-20
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                                    State of Idaho 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,067
790
1,328
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State  Public Water Systems Report
Idaho's State Report is available by accessing the  state's web site or by contacting:
Idaho  Department of Environmental Quality's regional offices or the state's seven district health departments.
Web Site:  http://www.deq.state.id.us/water/acr.htm
DEQ Regional Offices and  District Health Departments
North Idaho
Coeur d'Alene Regional Office
2110 Ironwood Parkway
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
(208) 769-1422

North Central Idaho
Lewiston Regional Office
1118 F Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208) 799-4370

South Central Idaho
Twin Falls Regional Office
601  Pole Line Road, Suite 2
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208)736-2190

Southeast Idaho
Pocatello Regional Office
444  Hospital Way, #300
Pocatello, ID 83201
(208) 236-6160
Southwest Idaho
Boise Regional Office
1445 North Orchard
Boise,  ID 83706-2239
(208) 373-0550

Eastern Idaho
Idaho Falls Regional Office
900 N. Skyline, Suite B
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
(208) 528-2650
Health District 1
Panhandle Health District Dept.
322 Marion
Sandpoint, ID 83864
(208) 265-6384

Health District 2
North Central District Dept.
215 10th Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208)799-3100

Health District 3
Southwest District Health Dept.
920 Main Street
Caldwell, ID  83605
(208) 455-5403

Health District 4
Central District  Health Dept.
707 North Armstrong Place
Boise, ID 83704
(208) 327-8522
Health District 5
South Central District Health Dept.
1020 Washington Street North
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208)734-5900, Ext. 213

Health District 6
Southeastern District Health Dept.
1901 Alvin Ricken Drive
Pocatello, ID 83201-2727
(208) 233-9080, Ext. 320

Health District 7
District Seven Health Dept.
254 "E" Street
Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597
(208) 523-5382
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                                                            Page B-21
                                             December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Illinois 2002  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,693
458
1,693
Where to Obtain  the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Illinois' State Report  is available by contacting:
Illinois EPA's Division of Public Water Supplies
Telephone: (217) 782-9470
December 2004
Page B-22
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Indiana 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,468
1,983
7,314**
** Total violations in the report (7,312) differs from the calculated total (7,314).
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or contacting:
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Office of Water Management
Drinking Water Branch
Web Site:  http://www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/compliance.html
Telephone: (317) 308-3280
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-23
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Iowa 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,967
NR
1,305
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Iowa did not publish an Annual Report.  EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-24
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Kansas 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
**The state report gives different counts throughout the report. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,086
305
468
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Kansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Bureau of Water
1000 SW Jackson, Suite 420
Topeka, KS 66612-1367
Web Site: http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/pws
Attention: Patti J. Cray
Telephone: (785) 296-3016
Fax:  (785) 296-5509
E-mail: pcroy@kdhe.state.ks.us
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-25
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                             State of Kentucky 2002 PWS Compliance Report
 Violations Category
 Chemical Contaminant Group
 Total Coliform Rule
 Surface Water Treatment
 Lead and Copper Rule
 Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
655
NR
330
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kentucky did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-26
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Louisiana 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,850
219
281*
 : Total violations in the report (281) differs from the calculated total (275).
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report

Louisiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals
Office of Public Health
Engineering Services
6867 Bluebonnet, Suite 222
Baton Rouge, LA 70810

Telephone: (225) 765-5038
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-27
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Maine 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,008
874
1,705
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
The state report did not  provide information regarding public availability.
December 2004
Page B-28
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                              State of Maryland 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** All community water systems submitted a CCR, but not all reports were submitted on time.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,785
527
802
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maryland's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nancy Reilman
Maryland Department of the Environment
Water Supply Program
Web Site:  http://www.mde.state.md.us
Telephone: (410) 631-3729
E-mail: nreilman@mde.state.md.us
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-29
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                           State of Massachusetts 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,779
NR
369
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-30
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                              State of Michigan 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12,190
1,737
2,680
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Michigan's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Water Division
RO. Box 30273
Lansing, Ml 48909
Web Site: http://www.michigan.gov/deq
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-31
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Minnesota 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems
** The state report gives two different counts in the tables. The count from the summary table is shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
8,258
439
578
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Minnesota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Minnesota Department of Health
Division of Environmental Health
Drinking Water Protection Section
121  East Seventh Place
RO. Box 64975
St. Paul, MN  55164-0975

Web Site: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report02.html

Telephone:  (651) 215-0770

Fax:  (651)215-0775
December 2004
Page B-32
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Mississippi 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible undercounting of violations due to the grouping of individual violations.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,426
NR
334
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
The State's contact for the drinking water program is:
Joan Cockrell
Compliance and Enforcement Branch
Telephone: (601) 576-7528
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-33
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Missouri 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,803
NR
2,136
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Missouri's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Public Drinking Water Program
RO. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Web Site: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/pdwp
Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331
December 2004
Page B-34
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Montana 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,103
NR
1,438
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report

Montana's State Report is available by contacting:

Public Water Supply Section
Community Services Bureau
Permitting & Compliance  Division
Montana Department of Environmental Quality
RO. Box 200901
Helena, MT  59620-0901

Telephone: (406) 444-4400
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-35
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Nebraska 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,374
NR
643
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nebraska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services Regulation and Licensure
301 Centennial  Mall South
Lincoln, NE  68509
Web Site:  http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm
Attention: Jo Ann Wagner
Telephone: (402) 471-2541
Fax: (402) 471-6436
E-mail: jwagner@inebraska.com
Nebraska's State Report is also  available through the Nebraska Library Commission.
December 2004
Page B-36
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Nevada 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
617t
224
375
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The state report did not provide information regarding public availability.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-37
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                           State of New Hampshire 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Total number of violations on page 12 and A-4 in report (357) differs from the calculated total (358). Counts from the text of the report are
shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,218
NR
809
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
New Hampshire's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau
6 Hazen Drive
RO. Box 95
Concord, NH  03301
Web Site:  http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb
Attention:  Laurie Cullerot
Telephone: (603) 271-2954
E-mail: lcullerot@des.state.nh.us
December 2004
Page B-38
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                              State of New Jersey 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,138
NR
10,930
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State  Public Water Systems Report
New Jersey's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site:  http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/violations2002.pdf
New Jersey's State Report is also available at libraries and county and local health offices.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-39
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                            State of New Mexico 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,317
NR
450
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report

New Mexico's State Report is available by contacting:
Drinking Water Bureau
New Mexico Environment Department
525 Camino de los Marquez
Santa Fe, NM 87505
December 2004
Page B-40
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                               State of New York 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
t State submitted the information without a breakdown by rule, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,207
3,500
6,514*
* The total number of violations in the report (6,514) differs from the total calculated from SDWIS/FED (3,974).
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New York's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site:  http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/2002_compliance_report.html
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-41
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                             State of North Carolina 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
8,006
4,791**
13,279***
** Total number of systems in violation is based on the reported total violations of 13,279.
*** Total violations in the report (13,279) differs from the calculated total (28,083).
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline
Telephone: (800) 426-4791
North Carolina Public Water Supply Section
Telephone: (919) 715-3243
Web Site: www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws
E-mail: Martha.Fillinger@ncmail.net
December 2004
Page B-42
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                             State of North Dakota 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
534
83
IIP*
** Total violations in the report (166) differs from the calculated total (111). This may be because the State report includes several "minor"
violations which the EPA does not require states to include in the ACR.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
North Dakota's State Report is available by contacting:
North Dakota Department of Health
Division of Municipal Facilities
RO. Box 5520
1200 Missouri Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58506-5520
Attention:  LeeAnn Tillotson
Telephone: (701) 328-5293
Fax: (701) 328-5200
E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-43
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                          Northern Mariana Islands 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
129
NR
0
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-44
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                                State of Ohio 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives  different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,621
3,357
9,090
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Ohio's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
PWS Annual Compliance Report
Ohio EPA — DDAGW
RO. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43216-1049
Web Site: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html
Telephone: (614) 644-2752
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-45
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Oklahoma 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,655
229**
509
 ' Systems violating only the Consumer Confidence Report Rule are not included.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Oklahoma's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division, 8th Floor
707 N. Robinson
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677

Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division
RO. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677

Web Site:  http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html
December 2004
Page B-46
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                               State of Oregon 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,740
1,548
3,487
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oregon's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:
Web Site: http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp/
Oregon's State report will also be published in the newsletter "The Pipeline."
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-47
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                             State of Pennsylvania 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report indicates that data was obtained from SDWIS.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,064
1,773
7,426**
** Total violations in the report (6,707) differs from the calculated total (7,426) because violations of the Consumer Confidence Report Rule
were not included.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Pennsylvania's State Report is available by accessing the  state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management
RO. Box 8467, llth Floor RCSOB
Harrisburg, PA  17105-8467
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us
Telephone:  (717) 787-5017
December 2004
Page B-48
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                                 Puerto Rico 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
497
NR
3,956
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Puerto Rico's Report is available by contacting:

Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
Ponce de Leon Avenue, #431  Nacional Plaza
9th Floor, Suite 903
Hato  Rey, PR  00917
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-49
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                           State of Rhode Island 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
485
NR
45
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Rhode Island did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-50
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                           State of South Carolina 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,520
240
428
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems  Report
South Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
SCDHEC's Bureau of Water
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water
Attention: Bruce Bleau
Telephone: (803) 898-4154
Fax:  (803)898-3795
E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.sc.gov
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-51
December 2004

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                            State of South Dakota 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
 Violations Category
 Chemical Contaminant Group
 Total Coliform Rule
 Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
 Consumer Confidence Report
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
697
NR
803
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Dakota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site:  http://www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/Drinking/annual02.pdf
December 2004
                 Page B-52
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                                State of Tennessee 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives two different counts in the report. The greater number is listed here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,165
356***
310
*** Includes violations of Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and By-Product Precursors.

Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems  Report
Tennessee's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Division of Water Supply — Central Office
401  Church Street
6th Floor, L&C Tower
Nashville, TN  37243-1549
Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/DWprogram.php#reports
Telephone: (615) 532-0191
Regional Environmental Assistance Centers (EACs)—Division of Water Supply, 1-888-891-8332
Chattanooga EAC
Division of Water Supply
Suite 550 — State Office Building
540 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013
1-888-891-8332

Columbia EAC
Division of Water Supply
2484 Park Plus Drive
Columbia, TN 38401
1-888-891-8332
Cookeville EAC
Division of Water Supply
121 South Willow
Cookeville, TN 38502
1-888-891-8332

Johnson City EAC
Division of Water Supply
2305 Silverdale Road
Johnson City, TN 37601-2162
1-888-891-8332
Knoxville EAC
Division of Water Supply
Suite 220 — State Plaza
2700 Middlebrook Pike
Knoxville, TN 37219
1-888-891-8332

Nashville EAC
Division of Water Supply
711 R. S. Gass Boulevard
Nashville, TN 37216
1-888-891-8332

Jackson EAC
Division of Water Supply
362 Carriage House Drive
Jackson, TN 38305-2222
1-888-891-8332
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                                               Page B-53
                      December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                                State of Texas 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
 : The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission conducts Chemical Contaminant Group monitoring for all systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,653
896
1,174
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report

Texas' State Report is available by contacting:

Buck Henderson
Public Drinking Water Section (MC155)
Water Supply Division
Texas  Natural Resources Conservation Commission

Telephone: (512) 239-0990
December 2004
Page B-54
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                                 State of Utah 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
960t
NR
583
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The state report did not  provide information  regarding public availability.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-55
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Vermont 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,372
NR
635
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Vermont's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
Vermont Water Supply Division
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, VT 05671-0403

Web Site: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wquality.htm

Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500
Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400
December 2004
Page B-56
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                                 Virgin Islands 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
350
96
155
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The Virgin Islands' Report is available by contacting:
Department of Planning and Natural  Resources
Division of Environmental Protection
Virgin Islands'  Report is also available at all public libraries, the University of the Virgin Islands' (UVI) library, UVI's
Water Resource Research Institute, and  at local  laboratories.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-57
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                               State of Virginia 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,575
719
1,372
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems  Report
Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Virginia's Department of Health field offices or central office.
Central Office
109 Governor Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Web Site: httpAV/vww.vdh.state.va.us
December 2004
Page B-58
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                             State of Washington 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,162
1,457
2,434
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Washington's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Department of Health
Division of Drinking Water
RO. Box 47822
Olympia,WA  98504-7822

Web Site:  http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcementyenflink2.htm
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-59
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                                State of West Virginia 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence  Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,373
569
2,188*
* Calculated total (2,188) differs from reported total (1,903) by 285, which is the number of Consumer Confidence Report violations.
Where to Obtain the  2002 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
West Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Web Site: http://www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/rd&c/reports.asp
Environmental Engineering Division
Office of Environmental Health Services
Bureau for Public Health
Department of Health and  Human Resources
815 Quarrier Street
Charleston, WV 25301
(304) 558-6714

Wheeling District Office
Methodist Building, Suite 117
12th & Chapline Streets
Wheeling, WV 26003
(304)238-1145

Philippi  District Office
209 South Main Street
Philippi, WV 26416
(304) 457-2296
                     Kearneysville District Office
                     44 Wiltshire Road
                     Kearneysville, WV 25430
                     (304) 725-9453

                     Beckley District Office
                     Bair Building, Suite 200
                     103 North Kanawha Street
                     Beckley, WV 25801
                     (304) 256-6666

                     St. Albans District Office
                     808 B Street, Suite G
                     St. Albans, WV 25177
                     (304)722-0611
December 2004
Page B-60
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2002
                             State of Wisconsin 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,472
2,154
7,285
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State  Public Water Systems Report

Wisconsin's State Report is available by contacting:

Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater
State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
RO. Box 7921
Madison, Wl  53707

Telephone: (608) 266-6669
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-61
December 2004

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Violations for 2002
                              State of Wyoming 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
736
NR
369
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wyoming's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
EPA's Region 8 Environmental Information Services Center
Web Site:  http://www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html
Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917
E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov
December 2004   •   Page B-62
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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    Appendix C



Map of Indian Lands

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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix C
Page C-l   •  December 2004

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