Providing Safe Drinking
Water In America
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public
A/ater Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report 2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2002 National Public
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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)
Washington, DC 20460
EPA305-R-04-001
December 2004
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National Summary of
Public Water Systems Compliance in 2002
INTRODUCTION
The National Public Water Systems Compliance
Report for 2002 describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its
state and tribal partners are meeting the goal of
ensuring that Americans receive safe drinking
water from public water systems. The report also
discusses the data we use to measure our
success and the progress we are making in our
efforts to increase its reliability and
completeness.
EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report for every calendar year. The
Public Water Systems
A Public Water System (PWS) is a system that
provides water for human consumption, if such
system has at least 15 service connections or
regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60
days out of the year. A public water system can be
one of three types:
Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15
service connections (which may include
factories, schools, or places of housing that are
on the same distribution system as residences)
used by year-round residences or regularly serve
at least 25 year-round residents.
Non-transient Non-community Systems
(NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same
persons over six months per year not at their
residence (e.g., schools or factories that have
their own water source).
Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS)
serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25)
over six months per year not at their residence
(e.g., campgrounds or highway rest stops that
have their own water source).
report is an annual summary of violations at the
nation's public water systems. The report also
summarizes and evaluates annual reports
prepared by the states.1
The first part of this report draws information
from the Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPAs
national database, to provide a national picture
of the maximum contaminant level, treatment
technique, significant monitoring and reporting,
significant consumer notification and variance or
exemption violations the states and tribes with
primacy reported to EPA for 2002. EPA
aggregates these reported violations at all public
water systems in states, commonwealths,
territories and in Indian country to present a
national summary of violations, and then
presents summaries of significant monitoring
and reporting violations, significant public
notification violations, and violations of health-
based standards at the different kinds of public
water systems.
The second part of this report presents
information on public water systems in Indian
country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A.
Summaries and evaluations of completeness of
the states' annual public water systems reports
for 2002 are presented in Appendix B.
PWS COMPLIANCE
This report uses information from SDWIS/FED,
the national database where EPA records
information the states are required to report
about their public water systems. For the
national public water system compliance reports,
The term "state" includes 57 states, commonwealths, and territories that have been approved to implement the drinking water
program within their jurisdiction. It also includes the Navajo Nation, which received EPA approval to implement its drinking
water program on December 6, 2000. Federal approval to implement the drinking water program is called primary
enforcement authority, or "primacy." During calendar year 2002, EPA directly implemented the drinking water program in
Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout most of Indian country other than the Navajo Nation. EPA is responsible
for reporting violations in areas where the Agency implements the program.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
December 2004
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How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe?
Information Sent to Customers:
Consumer Confidence Report
(http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/pdfs/quickrefguide
_ccr.pdf) Every community water system is required to
produce a yearly report identifying the contaminants
detected in its water and the risks of exposure to those
contaminants. Large systems are required to mail their
customers the report. While medium systems and small
systems are required to produce the report, these
systems may obtain a waiver from the mailing
requirement. Very small systems are only required to
print the report in the local newspaper. The annual
water quality report or consumer confidence report
(CCR) provides customers with a more complete picture
of drinking water quality and systems operations. The
annual CCR tells customers what is in their water,
where it comes from, and where they can obtain
additional information.
Public Notification Rule (http://www.epa.gov/
safewater/pws/pn/rulefact.html) Public water systems
must notify their customers if there has been a violation
of drinking water standards. Public notification is
intended to ensure that consumers will always know if
there is a problem with their drinking water. Public
water systems must notify the people who drink their
water if the level of a contaminant in the water exceeds
EPA, State, or tribal drinking water regulations, if there
is a waterborne disease outbreak or any other situation
that may pose a risk to the public health, if the water
system fails to test its water as required, or if the
system has a variance or exemption from the
regulations. Depending on the severity of the situation,
water suppliers have 24 hours to one year to notify
their customers. Public notification is provided in
addition to the CCR.
Information on the Internet:
Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater)
Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act,
individual water systems, contaminants that may be in
drinking water, and what individuals can do to help
protect sources of their drinking water.
Additional Information:
Call the Community Water System Billing statements
should provide a number to call with questions.
State Public Water Systems Compliance Report
Each state's annual report discusses the violations at its
public water systems. Most state reports include a list
of violating facilities.
National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
(this report) Summarizes all reported violations at
America's public water systems.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791)
Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers
order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA
experts if they need more information.
Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro)
Allows the public to access EPA databases containing
information on environmental activities that may affect
air, water, and land anywhere in the United States.
EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations
of primary drinking water regulations that
specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a
contaminant in water that is delivered to any
user of a public water system (Maximum
Contaminant Level or MCL); 2) techniques for
treating water to make it safe; 3) monitoring and
reporting requirements (how and when water
must be tested and the results reported); and 4)
significant user notification violations.2 While
SDWIS/FED collects information on monitoring
and reporting violations, only "significant"
monitoring and reporting violations are counted
in this report. A "significant" monitoring and
reporting violation occurs, with rare exceptions,
when no samples are taken or no results are
reported during a compliance period. Table A-l
provides a more detailed description of
significant monitoring violations for the different
rules. A significant user notification violation
occurs when a community water system
completely failed to provide to its users a
required report. Significant user notification
violations include violations of the Consumer
Confidence Report Regulation and violations of
the Public Notification Regulations. The
information provided in the Consumer
Confidence Report will supplement public
This report tabulates only "significant" monitoring and reporting and notification (e.g., CCR) violations. Table A-l presents
descriptions of significant monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations.
December 2004
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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notification that water systems must provide to
their customers upon discovering any violation of
a contaminant standard. The CCR should not be
the primary notification of potential health risk
posed by drinking water, but will provide
customers with a snapshot of the quality of their
drinking water supply. Public notification helps
to ensure that consumers receive timely
information about problems with their drinking
water. These public notification requirements
have always been a part of the Safe Drinking
Water Act.
EPA routinely evaluates state programs by
conducting data verification audits, which
evaluate state compliance decisions and reporting
to SDWIS/FED, and conducting triennial national
summary evaluations. The results of EPAs
second triennial review of data quality in
SDWIS/FED, Drinking Water Data Reliability
Analysis and Action Plan (2003) (EPA 816-R-03-
021, March 2004), includes an evaluation of data
collected from 1999 through 2001. The first
triennial review, published in 2000, analyzed
drinking water data from 1996 through 1998 to
establish a data quality baseline. The second
review indicates that data in SDWIS/FED are
highly accurate, but still incomplete.
The first triennial review of data quality for the
period 1996 through 1998 resulted in a detailed
data analysis report in 2000 and also produced
an action plan for states and EPA to work
together to improve data quality. The plan
resulted in actions which included training state
personnel, streamlining reporting to SDWIS/FED,
making SDWIS error reporting and correction
more user-friendly, reducing rule complexity,
improving data verification audits (DVs),
following-up with Regions after DVs, and
encouraging states to notify water systems of
sampling schedules annually. Like the first
review, this second triennial review of data
quality is largely based on DVs. The DVs,
conducted between 1999 and 2001, reflect data
for 1,890 randomly selected PWSs in 31 states.
To support a comparative analysis, a similar set
of analyses and methods were used in the second
review as in the first, where possible.
The data quality of core inventory data was high
and essentially remained the same as that
determined for the first assessment (95% in the
first triennial review versus 96% in the second
triennial review). Data quality for enforcement
data improved from 72% to 80% and remained of
moderate quality. Notably, there were 80% fewer
enforcement actions from the first assessment.
Violations were grouped by maximum
contaminant level (MCL), treatment technique
(TT), and monitoring and reporting (M/R)
violations. MCL violations were further broken
down into Total Coliform Rule (TCR) MCL
violations and Chemical and Radionuclides MCL
violations (i.e., Other MCL). Violations for the
lead and copper rule were not included in the
analysis. While quality has improved
considerably in several areas, the analysis of DV
findings found that the violations data reported
by states to EPA were very accurate but
incomplete in several important aspects, as
described below.
The overall data quality for health-based
violations (i.e., MCL and SWTR TT) improved
from 40% in the first round to 65%. The
overall data quality for M/R violations
increased from 9% to 23%.
The Total Coliform Rule had the highest data
quality, improving from 68% in the first
assessment to 75% in the second. Data
quality is lower, but improving, for other
health-based standards including Chemicals
and Radionuclides and the Surface Water
Treatment Rule. Data quality for M/R
violations has improved, but is still low.
Most violation errors are due to incorrect
compliance determinations by states, that is,
violations not correctly identified as such.
Compliance determination errors
accounted for slightly more than 50% of
all MCL errors, and more than 85% of
SWTR TT and M/R errors.
Half of the M/R errors were due to a
failure of the state to assign a violation
where sample data was missing from
state files.
Data flow errors (data in state databases
but not in SDWIS/FED) accounted for 9%
of all errors.
Over-reporting of violations found in
SDWIS/FED accounted for fewer than 2%
of all errors. This is comparable to
findings from the first assessment.
Data quality estimates are similar across
water system types.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
December 2004
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More discussions of data quality concerns and
EPA's recommendations appear later in this
report.
FINDINGS
In 2002, 160,541 public water systems
together served almost 295 million users. The
actual number of individuals served was
smaller, because millions of Americans drank
water from, and were counted as users by,
more than one public water system during the
course of the year.
Percentage of Systems by Type
Transient Non-Community
Community
D Non-Transient Non-Community
53,245 community water systems served
more than 267 million people in their
primary residences.
18,609 non-transient non-community
systems (schools, factories) served 6 million
people in places they frequented.
88,687 transient non-community systems
(campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a
constantly changing user base of almost 22
million people.
Most public water systems were small, but
large systems served a majority of the people
who drank water from a public water system.
Size vs. Users Served3
100%
80%'
60%'
40%'
20%'
95%
77%
14%
2%
Small Systems Large Systems
Percentage of Systems Percentage of Users Served
95% of America's public water systems
(including nearly all of the transient non-
community systems) served 3,300 or fewer
users. Together, these 151,924 small systems
provided service to 14% of all users.
2% of America's public water systems served
more than 10,000 users. Together, these
3,840 large systems provided service to 77%
of all users.
As reported to SDWIS/FED, most of America's
public water systems had no significant
violations.
It is important to note that the triennial review
revealed that only 65% of the apparent MCL
violations and 23% of the apparent monitoring
and reporting violations had been reported to
SDWIS/FED (although what percent of the
unreported monitoring and reporting violations
are significant violations is unknown). Since that
report, EPA and its state partners have worked
towards the identification and resolution of any
problems that may have produced data
discrepancies in the past, and to prevent the
occurrence of future problems. Because these
ongoing efforts will result in significant
corrections and additions to the data in
SDWIS/FED, this 2002 report offers broad
national findings rather than detailed analysis
comparing previous National compliance
statistics.
3 Because fewer than 3% of public water systems are "medium" in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because
only 9% of the population is served by them, this report omits a separate discussion of "medium" systems.
December 2004
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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PWS with Reported Significant Violations
No Reported Significant Violations
D Reported Significant Violations of Some Kind
For 73% of the public water systems in
America, there was no report of a health-
based violation nor were there reports of
significant monitoring and reporting
violations.
The primacy states reported either a health-
based violation, a significant monitoring and
reporting violation, or a significant consumer
confidence report violation at approximately
43,500 public water systems in 2002.
Approximately 25,500 (24%) out of over
107,000 non-community water systems had
significant violations.
Forty-six (19%) out of almost 240 larger non-
community water systems serving more than
3,300 users had significant violations.
Together these 46 larger non-community
systems served only about 700,000 (2.5%)
users of the 28 million users served by non-
community water systems.
Approximately 25,500 (24%) out of over
107,000 small non-community water systems
serving 3,300 or fewer systems had
significant violations. Together these small
systems with significant violations served only
3.4 million users out of the 28 million users
served by non-community water systems.
Less than 18,000 (34%) out of the over
53,000 community water systems had
significant violations. Of the 267 million
users served in their primary residence by
community water systems, over 53 million
received their water from one of the violating
community water systems.
Just over 1,800 (21%) of the almost 8,400
larger community water systems serving
more than 3,300 users had significant
violations. These violating larger community
systems served almost 47 million of the 267
million users served in their primary
residence by community water systems.
Of the over 44,800 small community water
systems serving 3,300 users or less in their
primary residence, approximately 16,100
(36%) had significant violations. Less than
6.9 million users were served by these small
community water systems.
Most Americans received drinking water from
public water systems that recorded no
significant violations in 2002.
Users Served by PWS
Without Reported Significant Violations
Users Served by PWS without
Reported Significant Violations
Users Served by PWS with
Reported Significant Violations
80% of the population served by public water
systems received drinking water from a
system that reported no violations of a
health-based standard, was not cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement, and issued a
consumer confidence report, if required.
80% of the population served by community
water systems received drinking water from
a system that reported no violations of a
health-based standard, was not cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement, and issued a
consumer confidence report as required.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
December 2004
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Health-Based Violations and Illness
It is important to note that a public water system's
violation of a health-based standard does not mean
that the people who drank the system's water got
sick. A health-based violation means either that the
system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged
as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system
has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has
judged necessary to protect its users from an
unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the
regulated contaminant is present in source water.
Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting
from health-based violations, among them the
duration of the violation, whether or not the violation
occurred in an isolated section of a complex public
water system, and the extent to which contamination
exceeds the allowable level. While modern treatment
systems have substantially reduced the incidence of
waterborne disease, drinking water contamination
remains a significant health risk management
challenge. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) indicate that between 1980 and 1998 there
were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to contamination
in drinking water resulting in an estimated 511,000
cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996; Levy et
al., 1998; Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of
outbreaks in the U.S. occurred at surface water
systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness
were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium
outbreak in Milwaukee, Wl, which resulted in an
estimated 403,000 cases (MacKenzie et al. 1994;
McDonald et al. 2001).
The number of waterborne disease outbreaks
identified and reported in the CDC database is
believed, however, to understate the actual incidence
of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and
Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997).
Recognized and reported waterborne disease
outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to
waterborne pathogens that cause acute
gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal
discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such
illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy
people, many individuals experiencing these
symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where
medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may
not be identified through routine testing.
Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a
community or, if recognized, are not traced to a
drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but
probably significant portion of waterborne disease is
endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an
outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to
recognize.
EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide
an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy
people, but also for populations that are at greater
risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive
subpopulations include children (especially the very
young), the elderly, the malnourished, pregnant
women, the disease-impaired (e.g., those with
diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad category of
those with compromised immune systems, such as
AIDS patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g.,
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple
sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on
chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised
persons are more likely than healthy individuals to
contract waterborne disease, the severity and duration
of their illness is often greater, and they are at a
greater risk of death.
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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The vast majority of the 114,585 violations
the states reported to SDWIS/FED in 2002
were for a public water system's significant
failure to monitor and report, rather than a
violation of a standard.
Type of Reported Significant Violations
Monitoring and Reporting
D Health-Based
D Monitoring and Reporting CCR
If a system did not monitor the quality of its
water, it is impossible to know if it has
violated a health-based requirement. For this
reason, a system's significant failure to
monitor and report is a major violation that
must be addressed and corrected.
39% of the 91,530 significant monitoring and
reporting violations reported by the states
were violations of the monitoring and
reporting requirements of the Total Coliform
Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes
of public water systems.
94% of America's public water systems
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2002.
PWS With No Reported Health-Based Violations
D Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations
Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations
The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total
Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based
standard most frequently violated.
Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
Chem TCR LCR SWTR
SDWIS/FED recorded 14,028 violations of
health-based standards in 2002. 69% of these
violations were violations of the MCL for the
Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be
met by all types and sizes of public water
systems.4
For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical contami-
nants (Chem) violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants
compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample
resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); and
4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in drinking
water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
December 2004
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As reported to SDWIS/FED, 87% of community
water systems complied with the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule.
The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule
requires all community water systems to
provide an annual report to customers
identifying the contaminants detected in their
water and the health risks associated with
those contaminants.
In calendar year 2002, 7,149 community
water systems were found to have a
"significant" violation of the CCR Rule,
meaning that the community water system
completely failed to provide the required
report.
There were 9,027 reported violations of the
CCR Rule in 2002.
No violations of variances or exemptions were
reported to SDWIS/FED during 2002.
Under Federal law, states can grant variances
or exemptions to public water systems in
limited circumstances allowing them to install
alternative technology or giving them more
time to meet a standard if public health is
adequately protected in the interim. The
states did not report any violations of
variances and exemptions for the few public
water systems that were operating under a
variance or exemption in 2002.
EPA and its state partners continue to take
enforcement actions against violators.5
During 2002, states and EPA initiated
enforcement actions in response to drinking
water violations at public water systems in their
jurisdictions. For new rules, EPA generally has
primary enforcement authority until the States
receive primacy for each new rule. EPA
implemented the drinking water program in
Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and in Indian
country, except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency
initiated enforcement responses in these areas
and occasionally in the states, often at a state's
invitation. Together, EPA and the states initiated
over 1,100 formal enforcement actions, each
action potentially addressing multiple violations.
In 2002 the states issued a total of 891
formal enforcement actions, including 559
administrative orders without penalty, 308
administrative orders with penalty, 16 civil
referrals to the states' Attorneys General, and
8 civil cases filed.
During the same period, EPA issued a total of
277 formal enforcement actions, including
274 Federal administrative orders, and three
Federal Bilateral Compliance Agreements
(BCA) signed.
These totals do not take into account informal
enforcement actions, compliance assistance, or
the public water systems that returned to
compliance before EPA and state procedures
would require initiation of a formal response.
EPA designates a public water system a signifi-
cant noncomplier if the system has serious,
frequent or persistent violations that may pose a
threat to public health. States and EPA give
significant noncompliers priority attention in
their efforts to return violators to compliance and
address violations with enforcement actions. For
2002 EPA and the states focused more of their
attention on returning to compliance significant
noncompliers that were identified as such in
2002.
In calendar year 2002, EPA designated
15,276 public water systems significant
noncompliers, which was comparable to the
number of public water systems designated
as noncompliers in 2000 and 2001. Most of
these significant noncompliers in all these
years served 3,300 or fewer users.
In 2002 states and EPA addressed 3,850
significant noncompliers. Of the
noncompliers addressed, 2,581 (67%) were
new significant noncompliers identified in
2002. The other 1,269 were systems
addressed as significant noncompliers in
2001 and earlier.
There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal
enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns
the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal
enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations in a
single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one reporting
year are generally not initiated until early in the following year.
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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The totals for significant noncompliers
addressed do not take into account public
water systems that are no longer significant
noncompliers because of informal
enforcement actions or compliance
assistance, or public water systems that
returned to compliance before EPA and state
procedures would require initiation of a
formal response.
DATA QUALITY
The data used in this report came from EPA's
national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is
composed of data that primacy states are
required to submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter.
EPA uses information in SDWIS/FED to assess
progress in the implementation of regulations, to
develop national enforcement and compliance
priorities, and to provide information to the
public.
EPA periodically conducts data verifications
(independent, on-site audits) of primacy state
and tribal drinking water programs to ensure
that the primacy state is determining compliance
in accordance with Federal regulations. Data
verifications help detect differences between data
in a state's files (whether electronic or hard copy)
and data in SDWIS/FED.
As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts
described in past National Public Water Systems
Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of
data verifications conducted from 1999 to 2001
and previously from 1996 through 1998. The
most recent (1999-2001) audits, which covered
31 states, analyzed data from 1,890 public water
systems. The data audits reviewed inventory
information (identifying systems, their number,
their size, and their type), apparent violations
that either were reported or should have been
reported, and any enforcement actions initiated.
EPA's review showed that the quality of the
information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is
improving, but the data are incomplete. This
finding principally reflects differences between
state and EPA regulatory interpretation rather
than a preponderance of data management
issues. Most of the SDWIS/FED data quality
problems EPA identified were instances where
violations that should have been recorded and
reported did not appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA
found that only a small percentage of this
incompleteness is because SDWIS/FED will
accept only properly transferred data.
EPA's analysis of the data verifications found:
95% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was
accurate and complete.
The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations
data improved from the first assessment to
the second from 68% to 75% for the Total
Coliform Rule standard, but is low for other
health-based standards and for monitoring
and reporting.
Most of the discrepancies between apparent
and reported violations are because of
unrecorded and unreported violations. This
accounts for 62% of all discrepancies related
to maximum contaminant level/treatment
technique violations and 86% of all
discrepancies related to monitoring and
reporting violations.
Only 23% of apparent monitoring and
reporting violations had been reported to
SDWIS/FED.
65% of the apparent MCL/treatment
technique violations had been reported to
SDWIS/FED.
SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete
information on 82% of the enforcement
actions found in the states' records.
This report is not a measure of the quality of
drinking water itself.
EPA continues to work with its state partners to
identify and resolve any problems that may have
produced data discrepancies in the past and to
ensure that complete and accurate
documentation is available to help assess the
safety of the nations' drinking water.
While the drinking water violation data have
shown improvements from the 1996-1998
timeframe to the 1999-2001 timeframe, they
are incomplete and will be evaluated for the
2002-2004 timeframe.
EPA has set up a workgroup with the
Association of State Drinking Water
Administrators (ASDWA) to implement its
updated 2003 Data Reliability Analysis and
Action Plan (DRAAP). Implementation of the
plan will begin in 2005.
EPA has negotiated grant conditions with
several states based upon the 2003 DRAAR
Under these grant conditions, the states
would follow quality assurance/quality control
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December 2004
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plans for drinking water violation data
reported to EPA and address the differences
in interpretation of the regulation.
EPA will be working with all states to
implement the EPA Order 5360.1 A2 dealing
with requirements for quality management
systems.
Changes to modernize SDWIS database
should reduce data quality problems in the
future from data entry to transmission.
SDWIS Modernization focused on changes to
make the quality checking function available
to states before they send data to EPA, to
provide a data entry format consistent with
contemporary commercial data transfer
formats, and to reduce the complexity of data
entry into SDWIS/FED by standardizing
processing.
EPA continued to implement actions under the
National Infrastructure Assurance Plan: Water
Supply Section for the purpose of improving the
security of the critical drinking water
infrastructure. The Agency also has in place as a
counter-terrorism measure a policy restricting
the availability of location data on PWS intakes
and wells, and continues a public/private
partnership with water utilities to improve the
security of the nation's drinking water.
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
Primacy States and EPA engage in a variety of
activities to help public water systems remain in
and return to compliance, including formal
enforcement actions, informal actions, and
compliance and technical assistance. State and
EPA compliance assistance efforts to help a
source remain in or return to compliance may
include:
conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys
at public water systems (i.e., an on-site
review of the water sources, facilities,
equipment, operations, and maintenance to
evaluate their adequacy in producing and
distributing safe drinking water);
helping systems invest in preventive
measures;
providing financial assistance for system
improvements through the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund and other State funding
programs;
reviewing water system plans and
specifications;
conducting training sessions;
holding public information meetings;
lending specialized monitoring equipment;
and
publishing informational bulletins and
newsletters on training events and other
educational opportunities.
When a drinking water violation is detected and
it is determined that compliance assistance is not
the best tool to return a source to compliance,
EPA guidelines require a response from the
primacy agency as a condition of funding.
Acceptable responses include a variety of formal
and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts
to return a violating public water system to
compliance as quickly as possible.
Generally, the primacy agency's first responses to
violations are informal actions, such as:
compliance assistance as appropriate;
reminder letters;
warning letters;
notices of violation;
field visits; and
telephone calls.
If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy
agency must initiate a formal enforcement
response that requires the violating public water
system to return to compliance. Formal
enforcement responses include:
citations;
administrative orders with or without
penalties;
civil referrals to state attorneys general or to
the Department of Justice;
other sanctions such as denying permission
for system expansion; and
filing criminal charges.
If a situation poses an imminent risk to public
health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency
order that requires the public water system to
take the steps necessary to protect public health
and return the system to compliance.
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INFORMATION ON AND
EVALUATION OF STATE REPORTS
EPA reviewed each 2002 annual state report to
determine if it met the requirements of the 1996
Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state
reports are summarized in Table B-l in
Appendix B. Table B-l shows whether a state:
submitted a report to EPA;
included all required elements;
satisfied its statutory requirement to publish
and distribute summaries of the report that
inform the public of the availability of the full
report;
identified the size and type of violating
systems;
discussed the compliance assistance and
enforcement activities the state undertook in
response to violations;
included a list of PWSs with MCL or
treatment technique violations, as EPA
recommended in its guidance to states on
preparing their reports;
provided information to the public on
availability of the reports; and
included additional information of interest to
the public, such as the number of public
water systems in the state, their sizes and
types, and background on the Safe Drinking
Water Act and its implementation.
STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES
EPA provides a state-by-state summary of
information reported in each state report in
Appendix B. The standardized format includes
an overall summary of the violations data the
Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report
(i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment
technique violations, significant monitoring and
reporting violations, and variances and
exemptions). The summary for each state also
tells how to obtain a copy of the state's full
report. The annual summary is based on
violations reported in the calendar year of 2002.
In some instances, the data reported by a state in
July of 2003 may not agree with data currently in
SDWIS/FED. EPAs and the states' continual
efforts to ensure that the information in the
SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible
may have resulted in updates and corrections to
the data since the state published its report.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Most Americans received water from systems
which reported no violations of health-based
standards, and for which the states reported no
significant violations of monitoring and reporting
requirements.
There are some differences in the numbers of
violations reported in 2001 and 2002. The total
number of violations increased by 3.7% from
2001. The number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements increased
by about 3,100 a 3.5% increase in violations
between 2001 and 2002. In 2002, America's
public water systems detected and reported 306
fewer violations of health-based standards a
2% decrease from 2001. The total violations
include health-based and significant monitoring
and reporting violations, along with violations of
the CCR.
In 2002, states reported the largest number of
violations for the Chemical Contaminant Group.
The Chemical Contaminant Group represented
the group with the largest significant violations
for the monitoring and reporting requirements.
The 44,688 significant violations of monitoring
and reporting requirements of the Chemical
Contaminant Group represent 49% of all
significant monitoring and reporting violations
reported by the states in 2002. The most violated
health-based standard continues to be the Total
Coliform Rule. The 9,680 violations of the health-
based standards for the Total Coliform Rule
represent 69% of all reported violations of health-
based standards in 2002. For community water
systems, the number of Total Coliform Rule
violations increased slightly from 2001. Health-
based violations of the rule decreased 5%, while
significant monitoring and reporting violations
increased 5%.
The number of significant violations reported
since 1999 has been trending upward. The most
recent increase, however, was smaller than
previous reporting years. During the same period
roughly 14% of the violations reported are
violations of health-based standards, while the
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remaining approximately 87% of the violations
are significant monitoring and reporting
violations. Likewise the number of significant
monitoring and reporting violations has
increased steadily since 1999. Violations of the
health-based standards fluctuated between small
increases (5%) to small decreases (2-3%) during
this period. EPA incorporated the following
recommendations for fiscal years 2000, 2001,
and 2002.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address significant violations of
monitoring and reporting and notification
requirements.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address violations ofMCL and
treatment technique requirements.
Recognizing the importance of consistent, long-
term efforts to protect the public from microbial
contaminants of drinking water, EPA has made
assuring compliance with the drinking water
microbial rules part of its core drinking water
enforcement and compliance program beginning
in fiscal year 2005.
EPA Regions are working with states to evaluate
how well public water systems, especially large
systems, comply with the microbial rules and
whether enforcement actions are being initiated
when appropriate. Regions and states are also
identifying and evaluating microbial risks to
watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement
and compliance efforts on ensuring the safety of
drinking water sources. Considerable effort will
also be devoted to training and compliance
assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of
small public water systems to maintain
compliance both with established rules and with
new microbial rules such as the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the
Ground Water Rule. In Indian country, where
almost all public water systems are small, EPA
will focus resources on ensuring compliance with
the microbial rules and the standards for nitrates
in drinking water through implementation of its
new strategy for the FY05-07 Tribal National
Compliance and Enforcement Priority.
With respect to the rest of the drinking water
program, states and EPA are continuing their
efforts to implement the recommendations of the
national public water system reports:
EPA provides funding to support nine
technology assistance centers that help small
systems with training, technical assistance,
and technology demonstrations.
States and EPA help promote compliance
with existing drinking water requirements by
conducting numerous assistance activities,
such as on-site visits and the development
and distribution of easy-to-read guides and
checklists.
EPA funding established and maintains the
Local Government Environmental Assistance
Network (LGEAN), a source of free
information on current and developing SDWA
requirements (as well as technical assistance,
peer counseling, and financial guidance).
LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at
www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-
TO-LGEAN (865-4326).
EPA is developing a list of approved
compliance technologies that will encourage
small systems to use the existing flexibility in
the regulations in selecting treatment for
drinking water while still providing adequate
public health protection.
The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement
actions against violating public water systems
both to discourage violations and to ensure
public health protection.
EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders
should continue to work cooperatively to
improve the quality of compliance data.
Since September 1998, the findings and
recommendations of the national public water
systems reports have been incorporated into
EPAs ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of
data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report,
EPA noted that compliance data in many
individual state reports differed from the data
reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states,
and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our
data quality goal should be "100% complete,
accurate, and timely data submitted by public
water systems and primacy agencies, consistent
with SDWA reporting requirements." Further
analysis and discussions among the stakeholders
led to establishment of interim milestones for
how soon that goal will be achieved.
EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders
made significant progress on most of the data
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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recommendations of the earlier national reports
in some instances achieving full
implementation. Among the major
accomplishments, EPA has:
improved the display of drinking water data
in Envirofacts;
characterized and quantified the data quality
problem;
taken interim steps to improve data quality,
including improvements to the data entry
tools states use to put information in
SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism
that enables water systems to confirm the
accuracy of data before it is accepted by
SDWIS/FED; and
made a long-term commitment to achieve and
maintain data quality goals.
More remains to be done to achieve the goal of
100% accurate, complete, and timely
information. Some of the next steps EPA, states,
and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed
to undertake include:
streamlining data reporting and reducing rule
complexity;
conducting more training to ensure regulatory
staff can accurately determine compliance
with drinking water rules and data entry staff
can upload complete and accurate data to
SDWIS/FED;
making SDWIS/FED error reports more user
friendly and understandable to state drinking
water managers;
encouraging states to issue annual reminders
to water systems of their compliance
monitoring schedules;
providing states with individual, prioritized
recommendations for improving their data
quality;
performing more frequent data verification
audits;
calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data
quality every 3 years, or more frequently if
data from a sufficient number of data
verifications are available;
working with the Association of State
Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) to
implement its updated 2003 Data Reliability
Analysis and Action Plan (DRAAP).
Implementation of the plan will begin in
2005;
negotiating grant conditions with several
states to encourage them to follow quality
assurance/quality control plans for drinking
water violation data reported to EPA and
address the differences in interpretation of
the regulation; and
working with all states to implement the EPA
Order 5360.1 A2 dealing with requirements
for quality management systems.
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National Summary of Compliance for Public
Water Systems in Indian Country in 2002
INTRODUCTION
This section of the 2002 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are
meeting the goal of ensuring that public water
systems in Indian country provide safe drinking
water.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
INDIAN COUNTRY
Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary
enforcement authority (known as primacy) to
administer the drinking water program provided
they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and
1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As
of 2002, only the Navajo Nation has received
primacy for most public water systems on the
Navajo Reservation. For the purposes of this
report, EPA, therefore, administers the drinking
water program in the rest of Indian country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by
this section appears in Appendix C.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA
Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages
outside of Indian country are not included in this
section of the report. Similarly, compliance
figures for 18 public water systems in Indian
country located in Oklahoma are not included in
this section of the report. In both cases, this
information is found in the state reports for
Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state
reports do not, however, contain separate
information on these public water systems.
DATA QUALITY
This report uses information from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System/Federal
Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national
database where EPA records information on
public water systems in Indian country. Public
water systems in Indian country are required to
report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the
information to determine compliance with the
national primary drinking water regulations of
SDWA.
This report also discusses the limitations in the
data EPA uses to measure its success and the
steps it is taking to increase data reliability and
completeness. The report also discusses EPAs
compliance assistance, enforcement, and
financial assistance programs. EPA plans to
continue its data quality efforts during 2003 to
ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and
accurate information. A complete discussion of
data quality is in the National Summary of Public
Water Systems Compliance in 2002 under the
section entitled Data Quality.
FINDINGS
In 2002, 978 public water systems in Indian
country served 735,889 users.
755 community water systems served
617,075 people in their primary residences.
115 non-transient non-community systems
(schools and factories) served 94,460 people
in places they frequented.
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December 2004
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108 transient non-community systems
(campgrounds and highway rest stops) served
24,354 people who passed through.
Percentage of Systems by Type
Systems with Reported Significant Violations
D Transient Non-Community
Community
D Non-Transient Non-Community
Almost all public water systems in Indian
country were small. These small systems
provide drinking water to the majority of the
public who drank water in Indian country.
96% of public water systems in Indian
country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These
936 small systems served 63% of the people
who received water from public water
systems in Indian country. Conversely, the
other 42 public water systems in Indian
country serve 37% of the people who received
water from public water systems in Indian
country.
As reported to SDWIS/FED, most public water
systems in Indian country did not have
violations.
753 of 978 water systems (77%) had no
reported health-based or significant reporting
violations.
D No Reported Violations
D Violations of Some Kind
93% of public water systems in Indian country
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2002.
110 health-based violations in Indian country,
including multiple violations by some
systems, were reported to SDWIS/FED in
2002. The Maximum Contaminant Level
(MCL) for the Total Coliform Rule (95%) was
the health-based standard most frequently
violated.
Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
100% 95%
90%
80%
70%
Chem TCR LCR SWTR
Percentage of Health-Based Violations
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
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The vast majority of violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2002 were for a public water
system's significant failure to monitor and
report, rather than health-based MCL or a
treatment technique violations detected and
reported by a system.
Of the 1,037 violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2002, 800 (77%) were
significant violations of monitoring and
reporting requirements. If a system did not
monitor the quality of its water, it is
impossible to know if it has violated health-
based requirements. For this reason, a
system's significant failure to monitor and
report is a major violation that must be
addressed and corrected.
Public water systems in Indian country
represent 0.6% of all public water systems in
the United States and were responsible for
0.9% of all monitoring and reporting
violations at public water systems reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2002.
Type of Violations
D Health-based
Monitoring and Reporting
D CCR
As reported to SDWIS/FED, 90% of community
water systems in Indian country complied with
the Consumer Confidence Report Rule.
The Consumer Confidence Report Rule
requires all community water systems to
provide an annual report to customers
identifying the contaminants detected in their
water and the health risks associated with
those contaminants.
In calendar year 2002, 77 community water
systems in Indian country were found to have
a "significant" violation of the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the
community water system completely failed to
provide the required report.
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
AND ENFORCEMENT
EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public
water systems in Indian country comply with
SDWA regulations.
EPA's tribal compliance assistance program is
designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA
by building cooperative working relationships
with utility managers, operators, other tribal
environmental staff, and tribal elected officials.
The program emphasizes information exchanges,
operation assistance, and water quality
monitoring.
EPA gives information and assistance directly to
tribal public water system operators, utility
managers, and owners through training sessions,
newsletters, telephone support, and system visits.
On-site technical assistance is provided by
engineers and qualified staff who work with
tribes to assess current compliance status,
develop monitoring schedules and compliance
plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA
coordinates many of these activities with other
federal agencies, including the Indian Health
Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.
Coordination also occurs with non-governmental
organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including
the Native American Water Association, the Rural
Water Association, and the Rural Community
Assistance Corporation.
EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement
actions against owners or operators of public
water systems in Indian country if a system is not
in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA
relies on compliance assistance and informal
enforcement actions to facilitate a trib ally-owned
or -managed public water system's return to
compliance. When a formal enforcement action is
appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative
orders, including emergency administrative
orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the
Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the
Administration of Environmental Programs on
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
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December 2004
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Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84)
and the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles
Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency's
approach to bringing civil administrative or
judicial enforcement actions against systems
owned, operated, or managed by tribal
governments.
Public water systems are required to monitor for
89 different contaminants and conduct analyses
using a variety of EPA-approved analytical
methods. Where a system fails to perform
monitoring for some or all of the required
contaminants, a separate monitoring and
reporting violation is recorded for each missed
contaminant. Each of these violations is
enforceable.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
EPA provides financial assistance to public water
systems in Indian country to help build tribal
capacity to operate and maintain systems in
compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a
long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes
grants, training, and technical assistance as they
develop their environmental programs. EPAs
Indian General Assistance Program builds tribal
capacity by providing grants to plan, develop, and
establish environmental protection programs,
including drinking water programs.
EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking
water program priorities. EPA allotted
approximately $2.7 million (3% of the set-aside of
public water systems appropriations) for
implementing the Tribal Public Water System
Supervision Program in fiscal year 2002.
Through this program, EPA awards grants to
tribes and tribal organizations to address various
aspects of the drinking water program.
In addition to the 3% set-aside, EPA received an
additional $3 to $4 million in fiscal year 2002 for
addressing drinking water needs on Indian lands.
EPA is focusing on activities such as:
capacity development projects;
source water and wellhead protection
projects;
development of a voluntary operator
certification program for tribes;
provision of operator training and
certification to tribal operators;
consolidation of PWSs;
distribution system improvements;
community water system extensions;
replacement of water mains;
adding new wells;
treatment improvements; and
construction of new pumphouses.
In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an
infrastructure funding program was established
to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the
appropriation for the national Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund program is set aside for
American Indian communities and Alaska Native
Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997
appropriation amounted to $19.25 million.
Subsequent set-asides have been: $10.87 million
in fiscal year 1998; $11.625 million in fiscal year
1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; $12.347
million in fiscal year 2001; and $12.75 million in
fiscal year 2002.
Finally, technical assistance and training for
small tribally-owned or -operated public water
systems are also provided. Through the
cooperative agreements, small tribal public water
systems receive information on training and
technical assistance, wellhead and ground water
protection, and source water protection.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In 2002, EPA Regions reported that 77% of the
public water systems in Indian country did not
report a violation of a health-based standard, a
significant monitoring and reporting violation, or
a significant consumer notification violation. This
represents an overall increase from 2001 when
60% of facilities did not report a violation of a
health-based standard, a significant monitoring
and reporting violation, or a significant consumer
notification violation.
During 2002, there was a noticeable decrease in
the total number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian
country (from 983 in 2001 to 799 in 2002).
EPA continues to implement two primary
recommendations from previous reports:
(1) improve collection and maintenance of
compliance data for public water systems in
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
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Indian country; and (2) place a priority on
decreasing the number of monitoring and
reporting violations to gain a full understanding
of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will
accomplish these recommendations by:
improving the inventory of public water
systems in Indian country;
improving the collection and entry into
SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement
information in a timely manner to avoid
keeping multiple records;
continuing to work with tribal governments,
utility managers, and water system operators
to improve compliance with monitoring and
reporting requirements and with health-based
standards, particularly the Total Coliform
Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule;
increasing EPA's field presence, conducting
more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging
in targeted technical and compliance
assistance and enforcement; and
continuing to support and encourage capital
improvements for public water systems to
improve the infrastructure (and therefore
compliance with SDWA requirements) of
public water systems in Indian country,
including grants provided under the Drinking
Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement
Program.
Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to
compliance and enforcement issues at public
water systems owned, operated, or managed by
tribal governments in a manner consistent with
SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles. Where compliance
assistance is ineffective or where, among other
things, there is a significant threat to human
health or the environment, EPA takes appropriate
steps to return systems to compliance, including
formal enforcement actions.
Beginning in federal fiscal year 2005, EPA's Office
of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance plans
to focus increased attention on environmental
issues in Indian country through implementation
of its new Strategy for the Tribal National
Compliance and Enforcement Priority. One of the
goals is to improve compliance with drinking
water standards by the end of fiscal year 2007.
Between fiscal year 2005 and fiscal year 2008,
EPA will work to improve the quality of public
water system data, provide additional compliance
assistance, and reduce the number of systems
that are out of compliance for key microbial
rules. In addition, as part of this strategy, EPA is
planning to conduct by 2008 data verifications
for the nine EPA regions which have direct
implementation authority for tribal drinking
water programs.
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Appendix A
Glossary of Terms
-------
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Administrative Order
Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a
State to address noncompliance at a public water
system, usually by means of a compliance
schedule with enforceable milestone dates.
Chemical Rules
Refers collectively to regulations that protect the
public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper),
and radioactivity in drinking water.
Community Water System
A public water system that serves at least 15
service connections used by year-round residents
or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents (e.g., homes, apartments and
condominiums that are occupied year-round as
primary residences).
Consumer Confidence Rule
Requires community water systems to prepare
and provide to their customers annual consumer
confidence reports on the quality of the water
delivered by the systems.
Federally-recognized Indian Tribe
An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo,
community, or Alaska Native Village that the
Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as
an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally
Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25
U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the
Department of the Interior, the list of federally-
recognized tribes is updated periodically and
published in the Federal Register. The latest list
of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available
at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000).
Health-based Violation
A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant
Level or a Treatment Technique requirement.
Inorganic Chemicals
These non-carbon based compounds (such as
metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur
naturally in some sources of drinking water or be
introduced by human activity. EPA has
established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants.
Violations of standards for lead and copper are
addressed separately.
Large System
A public water system that serves more than
10,000 people.
Lead and Copper Rule
Requires a public water system to take steps to
minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper
in drinking water by monitoring for these
contaminants, installing corrosion control where
required, and, where necessary, educating the
public about ways to reduce exposure. A system
may also be required to treat its source water or
replace lead service lines.
Maximum Contaminant Level
The maximum permissible level of a contaminant
in water delivered to any user of a public water
system.
Monitoring and Reporting Violation
Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and
reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-
specific minimum testing schedules and
operational reporting requirements. Those
monitoring and reporting violations considered
"significant" for the purposes of the state and
national public water system compliance reports
are described below in Table A-l.
Nitrate and Nitrite
Inorganic compounds that can enter water
supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff,
livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater
discharges.
Non-transient Non-community Water System
A non-community public water system that
regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons
over six months per year. A typical example of a
non-transient non-community water system is a
school or an office building that has its own
water source, such as a drinking water well.
Organic Chemicals
These carbon-based compounds, such as
solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water
through a variety of means, including factory
discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has
established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants.
Primacy
The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA,
States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure
delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any
State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility
for operation and oversight of the drinking water
program within its borders. In order to receive
this responsibility (called "primary enforcement
authority" or "primacy"), a State or Tribe must
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
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December 2004
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show, among other things, that it has adopted
drinking water regulations that are at least as
stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate
its capacity both to enforce those regulations and
to implement other activities necessary to ensure
compliance.
In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA
assumes responsibility for administering the
drinking water program for that area. Of the 56
eligible States (defined to include
Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of
Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of
Columbia have primacy. During calendar year
2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the
drinking water program within these two
jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for
the Navajo Nation.
Primary Drinking Water Regulations
These are regulations that apply to public water
systems; specify contaminants which, in the
judgment of the Administrator, may have an
adverse effect on the health of persons; and
specify for each such contaminant either a
maximum contaminant level or a treatment
technique.
Public Water System
A system for the provision to the public of water
for human consumption through pipes or other
constructed conveyances, if such system has at
least 15 service connections or regularly serves at
least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the
year. A public water system can be either a
community water system, a non-transient non-
community water system, or a transient non-
community water system.
Radionuclides
Radioactive particles, such as radium-226,
radium-228, gross alpha, and beta
particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally
in water or may result from human activity. EPA
has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters,
alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228.
Regional Offices
Responsible for implementing Environmental
Protection Agency programs within their
respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices
cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and
local agencies, as well as with industry, academic
institutions, and other private groups to ensure
that Regional needs are addressed and that
Federal environmental laws are upheld.
Small Systems
Public water systems that serve no more than
3,300 people.
Surface Water Treatment Rule
The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
requires a public water system served by surface
water or by ground water under the influence of
surface water to take steps (such as disinfection,
filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed
control) to reduce potential exposure to
microbiological contamination.
Total Coliform Rule
Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water
distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria,
which are found in decaying organic material and
in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are
usually not harmful to human health, their
presence may indicate the presence of other,
more dangerous microbial contamination.
SDWIS/FED
EPAs database for collecting safe drinking water
monitoring results from oversight agencies.
SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water
Information System. Public Water Systems are
required to report all monitoring results to the
primary enforcement authority. States with
primacy, or EPA where it administers the
program, analyze the monitoring results,
determine compliance, and report violations to
EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records
of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED
records only violations, not results that
demonstrate compliance with drinking water
standards.
Total Trihalomethanes
These chemicals can be by-products of chemical
processes used to disinfect drinking water.
Transient Non-community Water System
A non-community water system that regularly
serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25)
over six months per year. A typical example is a
campground or a highway rest stop that has its
own water source, such as a drinking water well.
December 2004
Page A-2
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
-------
Treatment Technique
In cases where EPA has determined it is not
technically or economically feasible to establish
an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a
treatment technique. These are treatment
methods required by EPA to minimize the level of
a contaminant in drinking water.
Variances and Exemptions
A public water system that cannot comply with a
drinking water standard because of poor source
water quality, or, in the case of small systems,
inadequate financial resources, can be granted a
variance to comply with less stringent, but still
protective standards based on a specific EPA-
approved technology available to the system. An
exemption allows a PWS with compelling
circumstances (including economic
considerations) additional time to achieve
compliance with applicable SDWA requirements,
so long as public health is adequately protected.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A Page A-3 December 2004
-------
TABLE A-l: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR
ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS
Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water
Treatment Rule
Lead and
Copper Rule
c Phase 1, II, MB,
and V Rules
h
Total
e Trihalomethanes
m Radionuclides
Violation Type
Major routine
Major repeat
Major (filtered)
Major (unfiltered)
Initial lead and
copper tap
Follow-up or
routine lead
and copper tap
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Description
No samples collected during a
compliance period
No follow-up samples
collected after a positive total
coliform sample or no
speciation
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Either failed to collect the
initial tap samples, and then
failed to correct that omission
within a) 3 months for large
systems, b) 6 months for
medium systems, or c) 12
months for small systems; or
failed to submit the associated
report
Failed to collect 1 or more
required samples
Failed to collect any required
samples2
Failed to collect any required
samples
Failed to collect any required
samples
SDWIS
Violation Code1
23
25
36
31
51
52
03
03
03
SDWIS
Contaminant Code
3100
3100
None
None
By contaminant
2950
4000, 4100,
4010
1 EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting
violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.
2 Failure to collect "any required samples" means none of the required samples were collected.
December 2004
Page A-4
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
-------
TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2002
Applicability of Regulations
Contaminant/Rule
Organic Contaminants
Total Trihalomethanes
Contaminants
(TTHM)
Inorganic Contaminants
Nitrate and Nitrite
Contaminants
Radionuclides
Contaminants
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Community
Water Systems
All
Only systems serving more
than 10,000
All
All
All
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
All
Non-transient Non-
Community Water Systems
All
None
All except arsenic
and fluoride
All
None
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
All
Transient Non-Community
Water Systems
Only epichlorohydrin
and acrylamide
None
None
All
None
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
None
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
Page A-5
December 2004
-------
-------
Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual
Compliance Reports
-------
-------
CONTENTS
Alabama B-7
Alaska B-8
American Samoa B-9
Arizona B-10
Arkansas B-11
California B-12
Colorado B-13
Connecticut B-14
Delaware B-15
District of Columbia B-16
Florida B-17
Georgia B-18
Guam B-19
Hawaii B-20
Idaho B-21
Illinois B-22
Indiana B-23
Iowa B-24
Kansas B-25
Kentucky B-26
Louisiana B-27
Maine B-28
Maryland B-29
Massachusetts B-30
Michigan B-31
Minnesota B-32
Mississippi B-33
Missouri B-34
Montana B-35
Nebraska B-36
Nevada B-37
New Hampshire B-38
New Jersey B-39
New Mexico B-40
New York B-41
North Carolina B-42
North Dakota B-43
Northern Mariana Islands B-44
Ohio B-45
Oklahoma B-46
Oregon B-47
Pennsylvania B-48
Puerto Rico B-49
Rhode Island B-50
South Carolina B-51
South Dakota B-52
Tennessee B-53
Texas B-54
Utah B-55
Vermont B-56
Virgin Islands B-57
Virginia B-58
Washington B-59
West Virginia B-60
Wisconsin B-61
Wyoming B-62
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-l
December 2004
-------
-------
This Appendix presents a summary of each state
report in a standardized format. The format
includes an overall summary of the violations
data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e.,
violations with respect to maximum contaminant
levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations,
significant monitoring and reporting
requirements, significant notification violations,
and variances and exemptions).
This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the
States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors
must be taken into account before drawing conclusions
about a State program. For example, public water systems
are required to report all violations to the State, but State
drinking water programs vary in the regulations they
choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus
attention and resources on one particular rule may have
discovered and reported many more violations of that rule
than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A
disproportionate number of violations in a State could also
indicate that the State needs to work with its public water
systems to improve their compliance.
Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided
in the State summaries within the context of each State
and its individual drinking water program.
In 2002, EPA received State Public Water System
Compliance Reports from 48 of the 57 primacy
states, Commonwealths, Territories, and tribes. As
in past years, American Samoa, Guam, and the
Northern Mariana Islands did not submit reports,
and, with limited exceptions, did not supply
information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive a
report from Arizona, Iowa, Kentucky,
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and the Navajo
Nation. Appendix B supplies what information is
available in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at
public water systems in the Pacific territories.
Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and
most Indian Tribes did not have primary
enforcement responsibility for drinking water in
calendar year 2002, EPA prepared reports for
those jurisdictions.
Violations for 2002
EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment
technique, and significant monitoring and
reporting violations 1 reported by each state in
five categories:
1
Violations of chemical contaminant
requirements2
Violations of the Total Coliform Rule
Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule
Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule
Significant Notification Violation
EPA summarizes the numbers of individual
public water systems in violation in each of these
five categories, as reported by the state.
If a state's report did not include information in a
category, EPAs summary notes the omission.
2002 Totals
EPA also summarizes the total number of
systems in each state, the total number of
violations reported, and the total number of
PWSs in violation, if the state reported this
information. When states did not provide
information on the total number of public water
systems, EPA supplied that information from the
SDWIS/FED.
Systems in Violation
Systems in Violation is defined as the number of
different systems with a reported violation of this
type. Some states counted a system with multiple
violations or violations in more than one category
as one violating system. Other states counted a
violating system each time it had a violation, or
once for each of the regulatory categories in
which it had a violation. If EPAs review of a
state's report indicated some violating systems
were counted more than once, an asterisk notes
that the state's number possibly overcounts
violating systems.
Variances and Exemptions
There were no reported violations of variances
and exemptions in 2002.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual
Public Water Systems Report
If a state's report includes information on how to
obtain a copy of the report, that information is
provided on the state summary page in this
Appendix.
A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total
Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A.
2 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and
radionuelide contaminants.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-3
December 2004
-------
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Navajo Nation
Nebraska
Submitted
Report
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR
X
MCL
X
X
M/R
X
X
TT
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X
Identified Each
System with
MCL and TT
Violations
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information1
X
X
Did not submit report.
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
December 2004 Page B-4
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States (continued)
State
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Submitted
Report
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR
X
X
X
X
X
MCL
X
X
X
X
X
X
M/R
X
X
X
X
X
X
TT
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
X
X
X
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems
X
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X
X
Identified Each
System with
MCL and TT
Violations
X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information1
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-5
December 2004
-------
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Alabama 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
: The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
705
120**
299
' This number is approximate; the state report indicated that 83% of the total number of systems were in complete compliance.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alabama's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEM
Drinking Water Branch
R 0. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL 36130-1463
Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html
E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us
Alabama's State Report can also be reviewed at the ADEM field offices in Birmingham, Decatur, and Mobile.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-7
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Alaska 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,582
694
3,570
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alaska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEC
DW/WW Program
555 Cordova Street
Anchorage, AK 99501
Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm
Telephone: (907) 269-7647
December 2004
Page B-8
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
American Samoa 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
22
NR
112
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-9
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Arizona 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,665
NR
6,014
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arizona did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-10
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Arkansas 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
**The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,159
250
483
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arkansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Arkansas Department of Health
Shared Services
4815 West Markham Street
Litttle Rock, AR 72205-2032
Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/viol.htm
Attention: David Quattlebaum, Compliance/Enforcement Officer
Telephone: (501) 661-2623
Fax: (501) 661-2032
E-mail: dquattlebaum@healthyarkansas.com
Arkansas' State Report is also available at all local health units in Arkansas.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-l 1
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of California 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
*The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
** Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,000t
NR
1,816
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
California's State Report is available by contacting:
Department of Health Services
Division of Drinking Water and Environmental Management
601 North 7th Street, MS 92
RO. Box 942732
Sacramento, CA 94234-7320
Web Site: http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/publications/pubindex.htm
Telephone: (916)323-6111
December 2004
Page B-12
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Colorado 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,078
NR
882
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Colorado's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment
Water Quality Control Division
CADM-B2
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80246
Web Site: http://www.cdphe.state.co.us/wq/Drinking_Water/Drinking_Water_Program_Home.htm
Attention: Annual Compliance Report
Lori Gerzina
WQCD Compliance Assurance & Data Management Unit
Telephone: (303) 692-3587
E-mail: lori.gerzina@state.co.us
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-13
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Connecticut 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,020
NR
4,766
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Connecticut's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Drinking Water Division Offices
Department of Public Health
450 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, CT 06106-1365
Web Site: http://www.dph.state.ct.us/BRS/Water/DWD.htm
Telephone: (860) 509-7333
December 2004
Page B-14
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Delaware 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
611*
79
94
The state report gives two different counts in the report. The greater of the two counts is shown here.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Delaware's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Office of Drinking Water
Division of Public Health
Blue Hen Corporate Center
655 Bay Road, Suite 203
Dover, DE 19903
Web Site: http://www.state.de.us/dhss/dph/hsp/files/acr2002report.pdf
Telephone: (302) 739-5410
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-15
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
District of Columbia 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2
1
2
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
District of Columbia's Report is available by accessing EPA Region Ill's web site or by contacting:
Drinking Water Branch (3WP22)
U.S. EPA Region III
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029
Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm
Attention: George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager
Telephone: (215) 814-5781
FAX: (215) 814-2318
E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov
December 2004
Page B-16
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Florida 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,500
NR
1,359
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Florida's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/drinkingwater
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-17
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Georgia 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,262f
1,193
2,034**
** Total violations in the report (2,034) differs from the calculated total (1,361).
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Georgia's State Report is available by contacting:
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
Drinking Water Program
Information Management Unit
2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, Suite 1362 East
Atlanta, GA 30334
Attention: Doug Davenport
Telephone: (404) 651-5162
December 2004
Page B-18
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
Guam 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12
NR
2
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-19
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Hawaii 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
132
4
37
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Hawaii's State Report is available by contacting:
William Wong, RE., Chief
Hawaii Department of Health
Safe Drinking Water Branch
Environmental Management Division
919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308
Honolulu, HI 96814-4920
Telephone: (808) 586-4258
Fax: (808) 586-4351
E-mail: bwong@eha.health.state.hi.us
December 2004
Page B-20
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
State of Idaho 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,067
790
1,328
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Idaho's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Idaho Department of Environmental Quality's regional offices or the state's seven district health departments.
Web Site: http://www.deq.state.id.us/water/acr.htm
DEQ Regional Offices and District Health Departments
North Idaho
Coeur d'Alene Regional Office
2110 Ironwood Parkway
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
(208) 769-1422
North Central Idaho
Lewiston Regional Office
1118 F Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208) 799-4370
South Central Idaho
Twin Falls Regional Office
601 Pole Line Road, Suite 2
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208)736-2190
Southeast Idaho
Pocatello Regional Office
444 Hospital Way, #300
Pocatello, ID 83201
(208) 236-6160
Southwest Idaho
Boise Regional Office
1445 North Orchard
Boise, ID 83706-2239
(208) 373-0550
Eastern Idaho
Idaho Falls Regional Office
900 N. Skyline, Suite B
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
(208) 528-2650
Health District 1
Panhandle Health District Dept.
322 Marion
Sandpoint, ID 83864
(208) 265-6384
Health District 2
North Central District Dept.
215 10th Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208)799-3100
Health District 3
Southwest District Health Dept.
920 Main Street
Caldwell, ID 83605
(208) 455-5403
Health District 4
Central District Health Dept.
707 North Armstrong Place
Boise, ID 83704
(208) 327-8522
Health District 5
South Central District Health Dept.
1020 Washington Street North
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208)734-5900, Ext. 213
Health District 6
Southeastern District Health Dept.
1901 Alvin Ricken Drive
Pocatello, ID 83201-2727
(208) 233-9080, Ext. 320
Health District 7
District Seven Health Dept.
254 "E" Street
Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597
(208) 523-5382
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-21
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Illinois 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,693
458
1,693
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Illinois' State Report is available by contacting:
Illinois EPA's Division of Public Water Supplies
Telephone: (217) 782-9470
December 2004
Page B-22
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Indiana 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,468
1,983
7,314**
** Total violations in the report (7,312) differs from the calculated total (7,314).
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or contacting:
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Office of Water Management
Drinking Water Branch
Web Site: http://www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/compliance.html
Telephone: (317) 308-3280
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-23
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Iowa 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,967
NR
1,305
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Iowa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-24
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Kansas 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
**The state report gives different counts throughout the report. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,086
305
468
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Bureau of Water
1000 SW Jackson, Suite 420
Topeka, KS 66612-1367
Web Site: http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us/pws
Attention: Patti J. Cray
Telephone: (785) 296-3016
Fax: (785) 296-5509
E-mail: pcroy@kdhe.state.ks.us
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-25
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Kentucky 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
655
NR
330
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kentucky did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-26
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Louisiana 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,850
219
281*
: Total violations in the report (281) differs from the calculated total (275).
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Louisiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals
Office of Public Health
Engineering Services
6867 Bluebonnet, Suite 222
Baton Rouge, LA 70810
Telephone: (225) 765-5038
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-27
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Maine 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,008
874
1,705
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The state report did not provide information regarding public availability.
December 2004
Page B-28
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Maryland 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** All community water systems submitted a CCR, but not all reports were submitted on time.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,785
527
802
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maryland's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nancy Reilman
Maryland Department of the Environment
Water Supply Program
Web Site: http://www.mde.state.md.us
Telephone: (410) 631-3729
E-mail: nreilman@mde.state.md.us
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-29
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Massachusetts 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,779
NR
369
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-30
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Michigan 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12,190
1,737
2,680
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Michigan's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Water Division
RO. Box 30273
Lansing, Ml 48909
Web Site: http://www.michigan.gov/deq
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-31
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Minnesota 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems
** The state report gives two different counts in the tables. The count from the summary table is shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
8,258
439
578
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Minnesota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Minnesota Department of Health
Division of Environmental Health
Drinking Water Protection Section
121 East Seventh Place
RO. Box 64975
St. Paul, MN 55164-0975
Web Site: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/com/dwar/report02.html
Telephone: (651) 215-0770
Fax: (651)215-0775
December 2004
Page B-32
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
State of Mississippi 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible undercounting of violations due to the grouping of individual violations.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,426
NR
334
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The State's contact for the drinking water program is:
Joan Cockrell
Compliance and Enforcement Branch
Telephone: (601) 576-7528
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-33
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Missouri 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,803
NR
2,136
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Missouri's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Public Drinking Water Program
RO. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Web Site: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/pdwp
Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331
December 2004
Page B-34
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Montana 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,103
NR
1,438
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Montana's State Report is available by contacting:
Public Water Supply Section
Community Services Bureau
Permitting & Compliance Division
Montana Department of Environmental Quality
RO. Box 200901
Helena, MT 59620-0901
Telephone: (406) 444-4400
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-35
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Nebraska 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,374
NR
643
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nebraska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services Regulation and Licensure
301 Centennial Mall South
Lincoln, NE 68509
Web Site: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm
Attention: Jo Ann Wagner
Telephone: (402) 471-2541
Fax: (402) 471-6436
E-mail: jwagner@inebraska.com
Nebraska's State Report is also available through the Nebraska Library Commission.
December 2004
Page B-36
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Nevada 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
617t
224
375
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The state report did not provide information regarding public availability.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-37
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of New Hampshire 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Total number of violations on page 12 and A-4 in report (357) differs from the calculated total (358). Counts from the text of the report are
shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,218
NR
809
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Hampshire's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau
6 Hazen Drive
RO. Box 95
Concord, NH 03301
Web Site: http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb
Attention: Laurie Cullerot
Telephone: (603) 271-2954
E-mail: lcullerot@des.state.nh.us
December 2004
Page B-38
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of New Jersey 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,138
NR
10,930
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Jersey's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/violations2002.pdf
New Jersey's State Report is also available at libraries and county and local health offices.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-39
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of New Mexico 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,317
NR
450
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Mexico's State Report is available by contacting:
Drinking Water Bureau
New Mexico Environment Department
525 Camino de los Marquez
Santa Fe, NM 87505
December 2004
Page B-40
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of New York 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
t State submitted the information without a breakdown by rule, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,207
3,500
6,514*
* The total number of violations in the report (6,514) differs from the total calculated from SDWIS/FED (3,974).
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New York's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/2002_compliance_report.html
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-41
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of North Carolina 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
8,006
4,791**
13,279***
** Total number of systems in violation is based on the reported total violations of 13,279.
*** Total violations in the report (13,279) differs from the calculated total (28,083).
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline
Telephone: (800) 426-4791
North Carolina Public Water Supply Section
Telephone: (919) 715-3243
Web Site: www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws
E-mail: Martha.Fillinger@ncmail.net
December 2004
Page B-42
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of North Dakota 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
534
83
IIP*
** Total violations in the report (166) differs from the calculated total (111). This may be because the State report includes several "minor"
violations which the EPA does not require states to include in the ACR.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Dakota's State Report is available by contacting:
North Dakota Department of Health
Division of Municipal Facilities
RO. Box 5520
1200 Missouri Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58506-5520
Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson
Telephone: (701) 328-5293
Fax: (701) 328-5200
E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-43
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
Northern Mariana Islands 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
129
NR
0
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-44
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Ohio 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives different counts in the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,621
3,357
9,090
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Ohio's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
PWS Annual Compliance Report
Ohio EPA DDAGW
RO. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43216-1049
Web Site: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html
Telephone: (614) 644-2752
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-45
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Oklahoma 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,655
229**
509
' Systems violating only the Consumer Confidence Report Rule are not included.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oklahoma's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division, 8th Floor
707 N. Robinson
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division
RO. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
Web Site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html
December 2004
Page B-46
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Oregon 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,740
1,548
3,487
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oregon's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site:
Web Site: http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp/
Oregon's State report will also be published in the newsletter "The Pipeline."
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-47
December 2004
-------
Violations for 2002
State of Pennsylvania 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report indicates that data was obtained from SDWIS.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,064
1,773
7,426**
** Total violations in the report (6,707) differs from the calculated total (7,426) because violations of the Consumer Confidence Report Rule
were not included.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Pennsylvania's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management
RO. Box 8467, llth Floor RCSOB
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us
Telephone: (717) 787-5017
December 2004
Page B-48
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2002
Puerto Rico 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
497
NR
3,956
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Puerto Rico's Report is available by contacting:
Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
Ponce de Leon Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza
9th Floor, Suite 903
Hato Rey, PR 00917
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-49
December 2004
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Violations for 2002
State of Rhode Island 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
485
NR
45
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Rhode Island did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
December 2004
Page B-50
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
State of South Carolina 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,520
240
428
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
SCDHEC's Bureau of Water
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water
Attention: Bruce Bleau
Telephone: (803) 898-4154
Fax: (803)898-3795
E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.sc.gov
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-51
December 2004
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State of South Dakota 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2002
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
697
NR
803
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Dakota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www.state.sd.us/denr/DES/Drinking/annual02.pdf
December 2004
Page B-52
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
State of Tennessee 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives two different counts in the report. The greater number is listed here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,165
356***
310
*** Includes violations of Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and By-Product Precursors.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Tennessee's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Division of Water Supply Central Office
401 Church Street
6th Floor, L&C Tower
Nashville, TN 37243-1549
Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/DWprogram.php#reports
Telephone: (615) 532-0191
Regional Environmental Assistance Centers (EACs)Division of Water Supply, 1-888-891-8332
Chattanooga EAC
Division of Water Supply
Suite 550 State Office Building
540 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013
1-888-891-8332
Columbia EAC
Division of Water Supply
2484 Park Plus Drive
Columbia, TN 38401
1-888-891-8332
Cookeville EAC
Division of Water Supply
121 South Willow
Cookeville, TN 38502
1-888-891-8332
Johnson City EAC
Division of Water Supply
2305 Silverdale Road
Johnson City, TN 37601-2162
1-888-891-8332
Knoxville EAC
Division of Water Supply
Suite 220 State Plaza
2700 Middlebrook Pike
Knoxville, TN 37219
1-888-891-8332
Nashville EAC
Division of Water Supply
711 R. S. Gass Boulevard
Nashville, TN 37216
1-888-891-8332
Jackson EAC
Division of Water Supply
362 Carriage House Drive
Jackson, TN 38305-2222
1-888-891-8332
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-53
December 2004
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Violations for 2002
State of Texas 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
: The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission conducts Chemical Contaminant Group monitoring for all systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,653
896
1,174
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Texas' State Report is available by contacting:
Buck Henderson
Public Drinking Water Section (MC155)
Water Supply Division
Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission
Telephone: (512) 239-0990
December 2004
Page B-54
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
State of Utah 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
960t
NR
583
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The state report did not provide information regarding public availability.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-55
December 2004
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Violations for 2002
State of Vermont 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,372
NR
635
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Vermont's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
Vermont Water Supply Division
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, VT 05671-0403
Web Site: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wquality.htm
Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500
Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400
December 2004
Page B-56
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
Virgin Islands 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
350
96
155
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The Virgin Islands' Report is available by contacting:
Department of Planning and Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Protection
Virgin Islands' Report is also available at all public libraries, the University of the Virgin Islands' (UVI) library, UVI's
Water Resource Research Institute, and at local laboratories.
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-57
December 2004
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Violations for 2002
State of Virginia 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,575
719
1,372
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Virginia's Department of Health field offices or central office.
Central Office
109 Governor Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Web Site: httpAV/vww.vdh.state.va.us
December 2004
Page B-58
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
State of Washington 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,162
1,457
2,434
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Washington's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Health
Division of Drinking Water
RO. Box 47822
Olympia,WA 98504-7822
Web Site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcementyenflink2.htm
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-59
December 2004
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Violations for 2002
State of West Virginia 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,373
569
2,188*
* Calculated total (2,188) differs from reported total (1,903) by 285, which is the number of Consumer Confidence Report violations.
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
West Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Web Site: http://www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/rd&c/reports.asp
Environmental Engineering Division
Office of Environmental Health Services
Bureau for Public Health
Department of Health and Human Resources
815 Quarrier Street
Charleston, WV 25301
(304) 558-6714
Wheeling District Office
Methodist Building, Suite 117
12th & Chapline Streets
Wheeling, WV 26003
(304)238-1145
Philippi District Office
209 South Main Street
Philippi, WV 26416
(304) 457-2296
Kearneysville District Office
44 Wiltshire Road
Kearneysville, WV 25430
(304) 725-9453
Beckley District Office
Bair Building, Suite 200
103 North Kanawha Street
Beckley, WV 25801
(304) 256-6666
St. Albans District Office
808 B Street, Suite G
St. Albans, WV 25177
(304)722-0611
December 2004
Page B-60
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2002
State of Wisconsin 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,472
2,154
7,285
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wisconsin's State Report is available by contacting:
Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater
State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
RO. Box 7921
Madison, Wl 53707
Telephone: (608) 266-6669
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-61
December 2004
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Violations for 2002
State of Wyoming 2002 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
736
NR
369
Where to Obtain the 2002 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wyoming's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
EPA's Region 8 Environmental Information Services Center
Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html
Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917
E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov
December 2004 Page B-62
2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands
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2002 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix C
Page C-l December 2004
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