The Good Neighbor
Environmental Board
FiljReport of the
Good NeiglolEnviroMeiital Board
to the President and Congress
of the United States
lt>ecember2001
-------
Notice: This report was written to fulfill the mission of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board (the Board), a public
advisory committee authorized under Section 6 of the Enterprise for the Americas Initiative Act, 7 U.S.C.Section 5404. It
is the Board's Fifth Report to the President and Congress of the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) manages the operations of the Board. However, this report has not been reviewed for approval by EPA
and, hence, the report's contents and recommendations do not necessarily represent the views and policies of EPA, nor
of other agencies in the Executive Branch of the federal government, nor does mention of trade names nor commercial
products constitute a recommendation for use.
EPA130-R-02-001
An electronic copy of this report can be found at www.epa.gov/ocem/gneb-page.htm. •
Cover photo: Colorado River near Yuma, Arizona. Rockwood Head Gates, constructed in 1919 of river mud and
concrete, served as the diversion of the Colorado River into the Alamo Canal. The Alamo Canal provided irrigation water
to Mexicali and Imperial Valley prior to the construction of the All American Canal in 1942. Photo credit: Rebekah
Hoffacker, EPA.
-------
Sj **e * '%fc *"*** f 1
-------
-------
Contents
Preface
Introduction
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 2001
Recommendations at a Glance
Recommendations in Context
— Water Resources
— Air Quality
— Hazardous Materials
Health Effects
7
9
9
17
35
47
BUSINESS REPORT
• Meeting Summaries
• Comment Letters
• Membership Roster
51
53
59
Glossary
62
-------
-------
The Good Neighbor
Environmental Board
I lS P G°°^ Neighbor Environmental Board is an independent federal advisory
1. La\/ committee. Its mission is to advise the President and Congress of the
United States on good neighbor practices along the U.S. border with Mexico. Its
recommendations are focused on environmental and infrastructure needs within the
U.S. states contiguous to Mexico. Good Neighbor does not carry out any specific
border program. Rather, its role is to step back as an expert, concerned observer
and strategically analyze the big picture when it comes to the problems the border
region faces, as well as the opportunities at hand.
Board members include representatives from eight federal government agencies and
from each of the four U.S. border states - Arizona, California, New Mexico, and
Texas. The combined expertise at the table reflects perspectives from many U.S.
sectors including: federal, tribal, state, and local governments; non-governmental;
academic institutions; and businesses. Good Neighbor also confers regularly with
Mexican organizations including The Region 1 National Advisory Council for
Sustainable Development (Consejo). It meets three times a year at various border
locations.
Good Neighbor submits its advice to the U.S. President and Congress in the form
of reports containing recommendations for action. Its first report was published in
1995. Since that time, it has continued to provide an objective, consensus-based
voice on strategic approaches for addressing U.S. -Mexico border issues. Recurring
themes in its guidance include the following: focus on areas of greatest need; better
integrate existing projects; support new initiatives that provide added value; involve
many different organizations early on and throughout the process; and institute an
underlying, environmentally-sustainable framework as the basis for making deci-
sions.
The Good Neighbor Environmental Board is managed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency under the provisions of the Federal Advisory Committee Act
(FACA). Its meetings are open to the public. For more information, contact the
Designated Federal Officer of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board at (202)
564-9741.
-------
-------
Preface
JL 1 x/JLULW^
| The year 2001 was one of extraordinary and
ssometim.es tragic events, both global and personal
In August, the Board tragically lost one of its most highly-respected
and dedicated members, Linda B. Smith. Linda, greatly enriched the
Board's work through her private sector experience as Manager of
Environmental Affairs for H-E-B Grocery in San Antonio, Texas.
Her expertise, wisdom, and warmth will be greatly missed. We dedi-
cate this report, the Fifth Report of the Good Neighbor
Environmental Board (the Board) to the President and Congress of
the United States, to her.
The Good Neighbor Environmental Board accomplished
much during 2001. Perhaps one of its greatest achievements was
to become even more widely recognized as a credible, non-parti-
san voice of authority on border-region issues. In keeping with
its role as a federal advisory committee to the U.S. President, the
Board held three public meetings at different locations along the
U.S.-Mexico border this past year: Yuma, Arizona on March 21-
22; San Diego, California on July 25-26; and Laredo, Texas, on
October 10-11. Each meeting featured updates from Board
members, presentations from guest speakers, remarks from local
community officials, and a public comment session. All three
meetings were extremely well attended and got good media cov-
erage, ranging from local television stations to an article in the
Los Angeles Times.
Board members' face-to-face discussions with senior admin-
istration officials were one of the year's highlights. One such
encounter took place on August 7, when Board Chair
Judith Espinosa and several members met with U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Administrator,
Christine Todd-Whitman. That same day, Board members from
border state governments also met with Judith Ayres, Assistant
Administrator for EPA's Office of International Activities, to dis-
cuss the role of states in the new phase of the binational border
environmental program, the successor to Border XXI. On
October 4th, when EPA Administrator Whitman traveled to the
border to meet with Mexican Environment Secretary Victor
Lichtinger in El Paso and Juarez, the Board was represented at an
invitation-only meeting with key stakeholder groups. These dis-
cussions and others enabled the Board's voice to be heard at sen-
ior levels of policymaking.
Board members also maintained their close working rela-
tionships with a range of institutions on both sides of the border
during the year. They participated in meetings of groups includ-
ing the following: the Border Environmental Cooperation
Commission (BECC), the North American Development Bank
(NADBank), the U.S.-Mexico Chamber of Commerce, the
International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC), the
Border Trade Alliance, the Southwest Center for Environmental
and Research Development (SCERP), the Binational Border
Governors Conference, the Binational Health Commission, the
U.S.-Mexico Binational Commission, and a number of other
border-region, national, and binational institutions.
While Board members primarily represented their own pro-
fessional organizations at these events, they also used the oppor-
tunity to discuss the work of the Board, distribute its most recent
report, and obtain informal public input on border policies.
Afterwards, they brought news and updates back to the Board in
the form of report-outs at each of the Board's public meetings.
Another key component of the Board's communications and
outreach during the year was its continued interaction with its
counterpart Mexican advisory group. The mission of this coun-
terpart group, the Region 1 National Advisory Council for
Sustainable Development (Consejo Region 1), was to advise
Mexico's national environmental agency, the Mexican Ministry
of the Environment and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT).
Members from Consejo Region 1 and Good Neighbor attended
each other's meetings to exchange information on border region
policy developments and environmental infrastructure projects.
During the last quarter of the year, after Consejo Region 1 was
disbanded, Good Neighbor began to communicate with a newly-
established Mexican advisory group set up by the Fox
Administration, called the Advisory Council for the Sustainable
Development of the Northern Border.
Continuing its traditional emphasis on interaction with bor-
der-region communities, Good Neighbor served a vital role in
gaining public input on one of the year's most significant border-
region policy discussions, the evolution of BECC and
NADBank. Fernando Macias, General Manager of BECC, and
Jorge Garces, Deputy Director of NADBank, both spoke at the
Board's meeting in San Diego, where they fielded questions and
comments from both Board members and public attendees. In
addition, for its last meeting of the year in Laredo, Texas, the
Board set aside a portion of its public comment session to co-host
a special public comment session with the State Department,
EPA, and the Department of the Treasury. The meeting was one
of a series that took place at different border locations. Its pur-
pose was to listen to the public's views on how to strengthen
BECC and NADBank's performance as part of a charge by
Presidents Bush and Fox to seek public input on this topic.
-------
In a slight departure from tradition, the Board decided to
supplement its annual report to die President Bush and also
make its views on particular issues known during the year
through issuing interim comment letters. The bulk of die letters
commented on die unfolding discussion related to BECC and
NADBank. The others focused on funding for the Border
Environmental Infrastructure Fund (BEIF), and the value of
maintaining dialogues with a counterpart Mexican advisory
group.
Membership
During 2001, the already-diverse composition of die Board
became even more so. At year's end, die collective expertise of its
23 U.S. members spanned a wide range of sectors: state and local
government; die non-profit sector; businesses; environmental
justice interests; tribal interests; academic institutions; the ranch-
ing and grazing sector; and federal agencies including die
Departments of Agriculture, Health and Human Services,
Interior (U.S. Geological Survey), State, and Transportation, as
well as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and
the U.S. Commissioner of die International Boundary and Water
Commission. Many Board members live in one of the four U.S.
border states and continue to bring first-hand experience of daily
life along die border to the group's deliberations.
As individual members stepped down, odiers were appoint-
ed to fill die vacancies. During the last part of 2000, Pat Banegas
from die Water and Sanitation District of Anthony, New
Mexico, and Mark Spalding of die University of California - San
Diego, stepped down. During 2001, in addition to the untimely
death of member, Linda Smith, several members tendered their
resignations: John Bernal from the IBWC, Bess Metcalf from the
Rio Grande-Rio Bravo Coalition, David Randolph from die
State Department, and Marc Sixkiller Ayuvoo from the Pala
Tribe of Indians. New members were appointed, beginning widi
the appointment of Jerry Paz from Molzen-Corbin & Associates
in Las Cruces, New Mexico early in die year. During the sum-
mer, Dennis Linskey joined die Board as its State Department
representative and Carlos Ramirez as die U.S. representative
from the IBWC.
In mid-October, Administrator Whitman appointed five
new members to the Board: Larry Allen, who serves on the
board of a conservation-focused ranching and grazing organiza-
tion called the Malpai Borderlands Group; Gedi Cibas, Manager
of Border Programs for the New Mexico Environmental
Department; Bill Fry, Vice President of Quality Assurance and
Environmental Affairs for H-E-B Grocery in San Antonio, Texas;
Dale Phillips, Vice Chair of the Cocopah Tribe; and Diane Rose,
Mayor of the City of Imperial Beach, California.
RIlhReiHiitofllieGofldNeigliliorEntoDinentalBoaid
-------
Introduction
| Despite the Nations understand-
able singular focus on national
security during the last quarter of the year, the year 2001 proved
to be a time in which the U.S.-Mexico border region received
heightened attention. And although other border-region issues
such as immigration and drugs continued to dominate the bor-
der news headlines, environmental issues, especially water supply
and quality, also received in-deptli coverage. This increased
interest in border matters was perhaps best symbolized by Time
magazines June 11™ cover story, entitled, simply, "Welcome to
Amexica." The article pointed out to its national audience what
border residents have always known: that the fates of communi-
ties along both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border are inextricably
linked, and that the condition of the U.S. border region affects
the condition of the nation.
New administrations in both Mexico and the United States
provided opportunities for new border-region partnerships as
well as support for existing ones. In January, George W. Bush,
former Governor of the U.S. border state of Texas, was inaugu-
rated as the 43rŁi President of the United States. He appointed
former New Jersey Governor, Christine Todd "Whitman to be
Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). President Bush's first state visit abroad was to the
Guanajuato ranch of Mexican President Vicente Fox, who had
been sworn in as Mexico's President in November, 2000.
President Fox had appointed former Baja California Governor
Ernesto Ruffo Appel as his "Border Czar" and had announced
the launch of his National Crusade for Forests and Water. To
further symbolize the closer working relationship between the
two countries, in September, the first state visit of the Bush
Administration was from President Fox.
Border-region environmental policies were scrutinized at the
highest levels. Topping the list were the operations of two key
border institutions created by the North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA), the Border Environmental Cooperation
Commission (BECC) and the North American Development
Bank (NADBank). This re-examination initially was within a
context of mission expansion, but then shifted to a reassessment
in more fundamental terms.
In September, during the annual U.S.-Mexico Binational
Commission meeting, the activities of BECC and NADBank
were elevated to the level of direct attention by the two
Presidents. They agreed that immediate measures were needed to
strengthen the performance of the two institutions, requesting
that a binational working group develop joint recommendations
EPA Administrator Christine Whitman and Secretary Victor Lichtinger
, of Mexico's Secretaria del Media Ambientey Recursos Naturales (along
- with Chihuahua. Governor Patricia Martinez) at their October 4,
'• 2001 meeting with non-governmental organizations and other stake-
-, holders during their visit to El Paso-Ciudad Juarez. Discussion focused
--on the development of the next binational border program.
~ Photo credit: Allyson Siwik, EPA.
and report back by October 31, 2001. The U.S. agencies within
this working group were EPA, the Department of State (includ-
ing the U.S. Commissioner of the IBWC), and the Department
of Treasury. Public input sessions took place along both sides of
the border, resulting in recommendations from a wide range of
individuals and organizations. The input reconfirmed the
importance of identifying and funding border environmental
infrastructure projects and recommended numerous actions to
reform the BECC and NADBank.
Communication between the 'U.S. and Mexican environ-
mental departments remained strong, as EPA Administrator
Whitman met with her Mexican counterpart, Mexican Ministry
of the Environmental and Natural Resources (SEMARNAT)
Secretary Victor Lichtinger, at several multilateral events during
the year. On October 4^, die Administrator and Secretary trav-
eled to El Paso-Ciudad Juarez to meet with states, tribes, and
local stakeholder groups, as well as to tour a local school and
wastewater treatment plant together. At the end of the meeting,
the two leaders issued an announcement of principles to guide
the U.S. and Mexico as they develop the next phase of the border
plan, formerly called Border XXI. Strategies under discussion
include the following: a more decentralized and regional
approach that would operate through a regional workgroup
structure; greater transparency and public participation; clear pri-
orities; efficient use of resources; participation from a variety of
sectors besides the environmental sector; and empowering state
and local governments, as well as U.S. tribes, to establish their
own priorities.
3
MiReDflrtflftheGQfldMQlorEiiviroiiiiientalBoard
-------
In concert with this nation-to-nation communication, both
fledgling and more seasoned state-level environmental partner-
ships in the border region were working together. One of the
most noteworthy among these collaborative efforts was a meeting
that took place June 7-8 in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico.
There, during the 19^ Binational Border Governors'
Conference, the governors of all ten U.S. and Mexican border
states issued a Joint Declaration that included a section on the
environment, calling for cooperation on conservation and sus-
tainable management of the regions water resources.
In September, agency representatives from the ten U.S.-
Mexico border states reconvened in Monterrey, California, for
their fifth annual meeting. The ten states agreed by consensus to:
I) submit to EPA and SEMARNAT a proposal for regionalizing
the next phase of the binational border program, formerly called
Border XXI; 2) submit Ten State recommendations to the feder-
al governments of die U.S. and Mexico to improve the perform-
ance of the BECC and the NADBank and 3) urge the federal
governments of the U.S. and Mexico to agree to trans-boundary
notification of projects that may have significant binational envi-
ronmental impacts.
Such state-to-state trans-boundary cooperation was echoed
on other levels. Sister cities continued their work on air quality,
emergency response, and a host of other matters. Non-govern-
mental organizations, the private sector, and tribes also made
contributions to safeguarding die economy and the environment
within the region. These efforts were supported both widiin and
across U.S. border states by federal, state, and local agencies.
Academic institutions did their part by continuing to con-
tribute research and analysis. These were communicated through
events such as Encuentro Fronterizo in April, Border Institute III
Rio Rico in May, and the U.S.-Mexico Border Summit in
August, which was sponsored by die University of Texas - Pan
American in Edinburgh.
Finally, it is obvious that any overview of environmental
infrastructure activities in the border region during the year 2001
would be incomplete without mentioning that the September
11 "* attacks, the ensuing anthrax cases, as well as the so-called
downturn in the U.S. economy undoubtedly affected border
region activities. Moreover, they will continue to do so. An
analysis of precisely the magnitude and specific nature of these
effects is outside the purview of the Good Neighbor
Environmental Board (the Board). However, undeniably, the
Board's continued call for community involvement, partnerships
and a strategic approach should remain the foundation of federal
policy making for the U.S.-Mexico border region, especially at
dlis point in time. It would be a disservice to the region and the
nation as a whole should immediate and understandable con-
cerns distort the broader policy picture and policy priorities.
Longer-term sustainable goals must continue to guide federal
policy makers for the benefit of all.
For this, its Fifth Report to the President and Congress, the
Good Neighbor Environmental Board has opted to focus its rec-
ommendations on three high-priority areas: water resources, air
quality, and hazardous waste. The report also contains a special
section on the link between the region's environmental quality
and the health of its residents. A business report is included.
Several underlying themes cut across the recommendations
in all three areas. The first is the value of continued binational
cooperation that incorporates partnerships at all levels and across
all sectors. The second is the continued need for strategically-
applied federal funds to maintain existing environmental infra-
structure and build new infrastructure where needed. Finally,
third, the Board calls on the federal government to continue
assisting local communities with education and training so that
they are empowered to fully exercise their critical role.
RiRejiflrtofllieWNeigliborMonineDlalBoaid
-------
TheWatershedApproach: Is it Gaining Momentum?
In its last report, the Fourth Report to the President and Congress of the United States, the Good Neighbor
Environmental Board recommended that a watershed approach be adopted throughout the border region. While
much more remains to be done to institutionalize that approach, progress has been made since that time, as the fol-
lowing examples illustrate.
Binational cooperation on a watershed approach was put into the spotlight when the United States and Mexico
issued a joint statement on September 5tn, following their annual Binational Commission meeting, which took place
this year in Washington, D.C. President Bush and President Fox discussed the issue of water resources, including
treaty compliance, agreeing that compliance could be well served by greater cooperation aimed at more effective
watershed management and improved infrastructure, including the formation of a joint advisory council.
Several binational projects served to underline the move toward greater cross-border cooperation. For instance,
the Upper San Pedro watershed plan announced by the United States and Mexico represents an unprecedented col-
laboration that shares funds, information, and conservation expertise between land and resource managers in both
countries. And on a binational local level, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality constructed a bination-
al watershed map for the twin cities of Nogales, Arizona and Nogales, Sonora to facilitate planning.
On a U.S. national level, encouragement to pursue watershed-based principles also was forthcoming. In her
remarks given at the Spring 2001 Legislative Conference of the National Association of Conservation Districts, EPA
Administrator Whitman made the following statement: "...There is much that can be done to improve the health of
our waters, but I believe the key to success lies in taking a watershed protection approach to controlling non-point
source pollution, the leading uncontrolled source of water pollution in the United States. In my home state of New
Jersey, we adopted watershed management as the cornerstone of our clean water program. In my last year as gov-
ernor, I proposed a far-reaching water management rule designed to protect our watersheds by ensuring that devel-
opment and other activity occurred in ways that our watersheds could handle..."
EPA's own watershed websites have remained alive and well. The Watershed Information Network at
www.epa.gov/win provides introductory information to watershed management. Its Surf Your Watershed site at
www.epa.gov/surf provides details about specific watersheds. And the watershed home page of the Office of
Wetlands, Oceans, and Watersheds at www.epa.gov/OWOW/watershed includes, information on EPA regulations
and activities related to watersheds.
Interstate cooperation was in evidence through a new Council that emerged during the year, the Paso del Norte
Watershed Council. The group was formed in March 2001 by several governmental and non-governmental groups
in the El Paso, Texas -Las Cruces, New Mexico area for the purpose of improving the Rio Grande ecosystem while
balancing the needs of all stakeholders. Another interstate partnership was launched that same month during the
Sacramento, California visit by President Fox, when the California EPA signed an agreement with SEMARNAT to
cooperate on the protection of the Sea of Cortez in the Gulf of California.
Several other encouraging initiatives, one binational and the other tri-national, have helped to add momentum
in the direction of watershed-based thinking: the international agreements through IBWC Minutes 306 for the
Colorado River delta, and Minute 307 for the Rio Grande water debt question, which provide opportunities for more
effective watershed management; and the proposed 2002-2004 program for the Commission for Environmental
Cooperation, which includes a component calling for work to be carried out in the area of sustainable watershed
management
Finally, research partnerships also made progress in providing the sorts of tools needed for binational watershed
planning and cooperation. For example, the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, the Natural
Resources Conservation Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey made available large-scale watershed delineations
that use standardized data and software. Having this type of tool available facilitates binational cooperation in that
the information is readily available, easily reproducible, and presented in a standardized format that is compatible
across different research systems.
•3fc-:'"-.V.'':r.«a .. ~1
Again this year, in its Fifth Report to the President and Congress of the United States, Good Neighbor reiterates its
call for watershed principles and practices to guide water resources policy in the border region among its latest set of
recommendations. Only with such an approach can the border region hope to sustain the water needs of its inhabi-
tants over the longer term.
-------
Percent of Total US-Mexico Trade Through Border Ports, 1999
40 -
Laredo El Paso Brownsville Nogales McAllen All Others
1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2000
Hi US Exports to Mexico (Billion $)
EJ US Imports from Mexico (Billion $)
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, from
Laredo Development Foundation website, at
www.globalpc.net/laredo-ldf/usmexico-
trade.htm.
Site last visited on 7/6/01.
Source: Texas A&M University International,
U.S. Department of Commerce, at Laredo
Development Foundation website,
www.laredo-ldf.com/weblarshare2000.html,
last visited 7/6/01.
Trade has been booming in the U.S.-Mexico border region. The result has been unprecedented economic opportunities, and unprecedented envi-
ronmental challenges, especially in heavily-used ports of entry. The border town of Laredo, Texas, alone handles 38 percent of all U.S. -Mexico
ground-transported trade. In 1999, the Port of Laredo handled a total of$65 billion in trade-$30 billion in U. S. exports to Mexico and $35
billion in U.S. imports from Mexico.
RiReportofUieGoodNdghliorEnwomenlalBflard
-------
2001 Recommendations at a Glance
ladvisor to the President and Congress of the United States on environmental and infrastructure needs along
tie U.S. border with Mexico, we, the Good Neighbor Environmental Board, recommend that the following
steps be taken:
WATER RESOURCES
Surface "Witer: 1) Support United States-Mexico discussions concerning compliance with water treaty obliga-
tions and encourage greater binational cooperation directed at more effective surface water
supply management.
Groundwater: 2) Support efforts for increased collection and sharing of data about border region groundwater
resources and encourage greater binational cooperation in border groundwater management.
Witersheds: 3) Support partnerships at all levels that promote strategic watershed principles and watershed
management.
AIR QUALITY
Power Plants:
Alternative
Energy:
Infrastructure
Fund:
4) Establish formalized binational coordination and cooperative planning among U.S. and
Mexican energy and environmental agencies to minimize adverse air quality impacts from
power plants in the border region, while addressing binational energy needs.
5) Promote energy conservation and development of alternative sources of energy in order to
minimize impacts to air quality.
6) Provide federal financing to remedy air quality healdi problems exacerbated by inadequate
transportation infrastructure in the region. Such funding should be allocated to a binational
entity capable of taking remedial action at the project level.
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Capacity-
Building:
Training:
Resources:
7) Direct financial, technological and human resources to assist local communities, including
tribal communities, to prepare for and respond to hazardous materials incidents.
8) Increase awareness and training in the areas of hazardous waste identification, storage, and
export for final disposition.
9) Increase the availability of emergency response equipment and personnel.
-------
-------
Fifth Report of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board
to the President and Congress
of the United States
RECOMMENDATIONS
Surface water: Support United States-Mexico discussions concerning com-
pliance with water treaty obligations and encourage greater binational coop-
eration directed at more effective surface water supply management.
Groundwater: Support efforts for increased collection and data sharing
about border-region groundwater resources and encourage greater bination-
al cooperation in border groundwater management
Watersheds: Support partnerships at all levels that promote strategic water-
shed principles.
^Water supplies in the arid U.S.-Mexico border region are limited and often of poor quality.
Intense competition for these increasingly limited supplies affects ecological integrity and threatens
die quality of life for border residents. Agriculture historically has been die primary water user.
However, rapid urban growth and industrialization are now consuming a greater percentage of
available supplies, as water use'shifts from primarily rural to primarily urban environments. Periods
of drought pose significant challenges, due to both reduced water quantities and impact on water
quality. In some areas, water management plans are being proposed to meet bodi rural and urban
needs; but there are questions of whether these plans sufficiendy provide alternatives for die water
needs of die border-region ecosystems.
Thirty-five years of economic development policies in border communities have had a tenden-
cy to promote population growth. However, the policies and decisions to industrialize the U.S.-
Mexico border region have been accelerated by the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA), and an acceleration in population growth is also taking place. Border communities
must now struggle to meet present and future water needs. Communities and their respective state
governments have sought to meet diese needs through a variety of mechanisms including: transfer
of waters from other river basins, desalination, pumping of ground water, transfer of waters from
agriculture to municipal use, and water marketing.
-------
Fortunately, United States and Mexican leaders and border-
region water policy makers are railing for strong partnerships at all
levels to address what has become perhaps the regions most pressing
issue. Presidents Bush and Fox, at their September 5,2001 meeting,
had a frank discussion about water resources, including treaty obliga-
tions. Within the context of discussing obligations related to the Rio
Grande River, they agreed that both countries could be well served
through greater cooperation on effective binational watershed man-
agement.
This binational attention was echoed on a state level. In
Tampico, Tamaulipas, on June 8, 2001, the governors of the 10
adjoining U.S. and Mexican border states declared that water should
be a priority issue for their binational agenda. They agreed to "work
joindy to identify measures of cooperation on drought, manage-
ment, conservation, and sustainable management of the water
resources in the border region."
The two major surface water supplies for the region are the
Colorado River and the Rio Grande. Both originate as alpine
Streams in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, and are the lifeblood
of mosdy arid lands as diey flow to their respective end points. The
border region is the naturally occurring arid "end member" of these
two major river systems, and available water has always been
dependent on a variety of upstream conditions. Water demand con-
tinues to increase in the major population centers that draw drinking
water from both drainage basins. Bodi river systems are subject to
wet and drought climate cycles, despite numerous storage facilities
existing in die basins in each country. In the last 10 years, drought
has affected a larger part of the international reach of the Rio Grande
as well as reduced border-region water supplies in both countries.
The Colorado River, with 94 percent of the basin in the United
States, is often described as the most regulated river in the United
States. The allocation and use of its waters is governed by a complex
set of international and United States laws that date back to 1899
and collectively are known as die "Law of the River". Mexico
administers its water allocation under its domestic laws. The river
provides water for more than 25 million people, 3.7 million acres of
irrigated land and 11.5 billion kilowatt-hours of hydroelectric pow-
er. At least 10 dams and 80 major diversions interrupt the river,
under die oversight of dozens of federal and state agencies. The
Colorado River also supplies water to a very diverse flora and fauna
diroughout its riparian reaches in die United States and Mexico,
including its delta, before emptying into the Gulf of California.
Under the Colorado River Compact of 1922, die expected
average annual yield of the Colorado River, 15 million acre feet, is
equally divided between die upper basin states of Colorado, New
Mexico, Utah and Wyoming, and the lower basin states of Arizona,
California and Nevada. From diese waters, the United States has the
obligation, under die 1944 Water Treaty, to deliver to Mexico an
annual allocation of 1.5 million acre feet of Colorado River water.
Following the absence of flood flows in the 1960s through 1978,
there have been flows into Mexico in excess of Mexico's 1.5 million
acre feet allocation on 13 occasions.
Border-state demand on die waters of the Colorado River is
intensive. Since 1996, demands in the three Lower Colorado River
Basin states, driven primarily by increased uses in Arizona and
California's use in excess of its 4.4 million acre feet annual allocation,
exceeded die annual Colorado River Compact allocation for the
lower basin total of 7.5 million acre feet. In 1999, a surplus water
year, the lower basin consumed 8.2 million acre feet and 2.9 million
acre feet flowed into Mexico. California's annual use has varied from
4.2 to 5.2 million over the last 10 years in an attempt to supply water
to 16 million people and irrigate 800,000 acres. Recendy, California
made a commitment (2001) to reduce its use to California's normal
allocation of 4.4 million acre feet, through water conservation and
agriculture-to-urban water transfer arrangements over die next 15
years.
In Mexico, Baja California diverts Colorado River water to sup-
ply some three million inhabitants in Mexicali, Tecate, Tijuana and
Ensenada via an aqueduct system. Tijuana faces a water shortage
and has engaged in longer-term binational water supply planning
widi San Diego County. The immediate effort is diat of having a
standby arrangement in place to make emergency delivery of water
to Tijuana from Mexico's allotment, conveying it through the south-
ern California aqueducts. The other effort is the completion of a fea-
sibility study for a binational aqueduct.
Tribal communities also rely on the Colorado River for their
water needs. Thirty-four Indian reservations occupy 16.5 percent of
the Colorado River basin. The tribal water rights, which date to die
establishment of their reservations, or to more recent court decisions,
have not yet been completely adjudicated. It is widely believed diat
the resolution of this issue will have an enormous impact on future
water management in the Colorado River basin.
The Rio Grande, like the Colorado, is highly regulated. Unlike
the Colorado, only about 54 percent of the Rio Grande Basin is in
-------
For the first time in recent memory, the mouth of the Rio Grande
became blocked with sediment during February 2001. Five months lat-
er, the IBWC dredged a 20-foot channel through the 440-foot sandbar.
Photo credit: Randy Blankinship, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department.
the United States, and storage structures exist in both the United
States and Mexico. The waters of the Rio Grande, in its 1,254-mile
international boundary, are allocated between the United States and
Mexico, by the Convention of 1906 for the upper 90 miles, and by
the 1944 Water Treaty from that point, known as Fort Quitman, to
the Gulf of Mexico.
Below Fort Quitman, the 1944 Water Treaty allots to the
United States all waters from tributaries in the United States and
allots to Mexico all waters from tributaries in Mexico, except for
flows arriving in the Rio Grande from six Mexican treaty tributaries.
Mexico is allotted two-thirds of the flows from these six tributaries
and the United States is allotted one third of those tributary flows as
long as they are not less dian 350,000 acre feet per year, averaged
over five years. In addition, the treaty authorized the construction,
operation and maintenance of international water utilization and
control works on the Rio Grande, including the Amistad and Falcon
international dams.
For the upper part of the Rio Grande in the United States, the
Rio Grande Compact of 1938 administers the waters among the
states of Colorado, New Mexico and Texas. The southern New
Mexico and Texas allocation, including delivery of an annual volume
of 60,000 acre feet of water for Mexico under the 1906 Convention,
is managed dirough storage at the Elephant Butte and Caballo
Dams, operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in southern
New Mexico. For the Rio Grande below Fort Quitman, the United
States Section of the International Boundary Water Commission
(IBWC) administers United States waters based on international
reservoir storage and water demands established by the State of
Texas.
The Rio Grande sustains some 10 million people, 8 million of
whom live in Mexico. Of these 8 million inhabitants, some 7 mil-
lion are concentrated in 20 border cities. Ahout 1.3 million of the
approximately 2 million U.S. border residents depend on the river
for drinking water. Some communities in the Upper Rio Grande
and along the Tularosa basin use treated Rio Grande water for their
drinking water. In addition, regional planning is underway for other
communities, including Juarez, which depend solely on groundwa-
ter, to also use river water. Water storage at Elephant Butte and
Caballo Dams supplies primarily irrigation water to the southern
New Mexico and El Paso-Juarez area.
Below El Paso - Juarez, border communities along the Rio
Grande in Texas, and the adjoining Mexican states of Chihuahua,
Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas - with few exceptions - rely
heavily on the Rio Grande for their water. Some 1.5 million acres
along the Rio Grande depend on its waters for irrigation. Water
from the Rio Grande is often hydraulically connected to groundwa-
ter in adjacent alluvial flood-plain aquifers in many reaches of the
river. This means that pumping water from wells adjacent to the riv-
er can reduce the quantity of water in the river channel.
As the river winds through its 1,254-mile long international
boundary segment, it also supplies water to the diverse flora and fau-
na throughout its riparian reaches in the United States and Mexico
before emptying into the Gulf of Mexico. In its lower reaches, the
Rio Grande is the centerpiece of the Lower Rio Grande Valley
National Wildlife Refuge system in southeastern Texas, considered
to be one of the most biologically diverse areas in the continental
United States.
A number of major and minor binational groundwater basins
straddle the border: those in the Tijuana River, at California-Baja
California, the Colorado River at Arizona-California and Baja
Califbrnia-Sonora, the Sonoita, Santa Cruz, San Pedro and
Whitewater Draw at Arizona - Sonora, the Animas, San Luis, Playas,
Hachita, Mimbres and Mesilla basins in New Mexico-Chihuahua,
and the Hueco basin at El Paso-Juarez, along with those along the
Rio Grande in Texas-Chihuahua, Coahuila and Tamaulipas.
Designation of these aquifer systems is based on surface geolo-
gy, topography, and data available from existing wells. In many of
them, the valley alluvial material is thin, the groundwater yields are
poor, the quality is poor, and little is known about the geometry and
other physical variables which control the movement and quantity of
water available. Based on this information, it is very doubtful that
-------
Institutional FrameworkforWater
Resources Management
Within the United States, a number of federal
laws and court decisions establish the federal gov-
ernment as steward of the nations' water resources.
Federal managers include the United States
Section of the IBWC, the Army Corps of Engineers,
and the Bureau of Reclamation. Their areas of
responsibility, in addition to the operation and
maintenance of water control and utilization struc-
tures include those legal requirements related to
reserved water rights on federal and Indian reserva-
tions, the Clean Water Act, the National
Environmental Policy Act and the Endangered
Species Act. In Mexico, water supply management
is centralized and directed primarily by Mexico's
National Water Commission.
Water rights issuances arrangements also have
been established by the four U.S. border states.
For the most part, these arrangements apply only
to surface waters. The states' groundwater man-
agement legal regimes vary significantly from state
to state.
Research on border-region water resources,
like day-to-day management, is handled by a num-
ber of organizations at different levels and within
different sectors. The U.S. Geological Survey con-
ducts research and collects, maps, manages, and
interprets data. State agencies are also responsible
for collecting data about water resources within
their borders. Environmental and other non-profit
and academic group organizations conduct
research on a number of issues, ranging from policy
questions to scientific issues, such as that of ecosys-
tem needs in certain segments of the international
streams. In a related area, the Colorado River basin
states, in partnership with the natural resource pro-
tection and operating agencies, have established
programs to identify and protect habitat for multi-
ple fish and wildlife species.
Government-to-government data collection
and cooperative government-to-government part-
nerships are facilitated through international institu-
tions and international joint cooperation
arrangements.
these groundwater supplies are sustainable.
Groundwater pumping takes place for agricultural irrigation in
the Colorado River portion in Mexico. Withdrawals for drinking
and irrigation water occur in both the Arizona-Sonora basins, in
which their intermittent streams also supply water to the diverse flo-
ra and fauna in this Sonoran dry desert ecology. The Santa Cruz
River Valley provides groundwater for drinking water supply for
Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, for approximately 150,000
inhabitants, which is expected to more than double in 2020. The
fast-growing community of Sierra Vista, Arizona and the mining
community of Cananea, Sonora, withdraw waters from the San
Pedro River basin. The cities of El Paso and Juarez with a combined
two million inhabitants depend in large part on the non-replenish-
able waters of the Hueco groundwater basin. Growth areas to their
west can be expected to withdraw groundwaters from the nearby
Mesilla basin in New Mexico-Chihuahua. The Juarez agricultural
valley draws waters from this basin for irrigation.
Some information on groundwater basins in each country has
been shared by the two governments. But there is a critical need to
intensify this effort and develop binational efforts to gain insight
about the availability, ability to sustain, and quality of groundwater;
the interaction of groundwater and surface-water; the importance of
groundwater as the source of water for streams to maintain critical
habitats; and the susceptibility of groundwater to contamination.
Unlike border-region surface waters, the United States and
Mexico have not allocated the groundwaters that lie in basins strad-
dling the international boundary. The need for a comprehensive
multi-year joint federal and state effort, to systematically assess prior-
ity trans-boundary aquifers within the US-Mexico Border region,
must remain a top border priority. Such a program will, over time,
provide a scientific foundation for further cooperation to address
many of the pressing natural resource challenges in the region. As
data and understanding of this resource evolves, there will also be an
evolution toward binational data sharing, cooperation, and fostering
a long-term perspective on the management of the border ground-
water resources.
• Reduced flows: Colorado River flows arriving at the bor-
der region "end points" can be expected to be further reduced as uses
increase in the U.S. upper basin. The reduced flow, in turn, will
affect efforts to protect the riparian and estuarine ecology of the
Colorado River delta in both the United States and Mexico. The
United States and Mexico (IBWC Minute No. 306) established a
FiliReiiortofllieGfldHeigliliflrEnYiroiiineDtal Board
-------
EXPLANATION
Basin
Subbasin boundary
Base modified from U.S. Geological
Survey HYDROIk data set
Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection
0 100 200 300 KILOMETERS
International watersheds of the Rio Grande and Colorado River, United States and Mexico.
framework of cooperation to develop joint studies of this problem.
Under the framework, die effect of flows on die riparian and estuar-
ine ecology would be examined to define habitat needs of fish and
marine and wildlife species of concern to each country.
The Rio Grande can also be expected to continue to experience
reduced flows. Downstream of Fort Quitman in Texas, for instance,
the Rio Grande's natural processes have been altered extensively for
nearly a century. In this 200-mile reach, a build-up of sediment
from periodic storms in the rivers tributaries and die absence of any
significant mainstream flow to move this sediment downstream, has
obliterated die river channel. A mono-culture of exotic salt cedar
now lines die riparian zone for hundreds of miles, competing for
water with species with greater wildlife habitat value. Water that
does make it past Fort Quitman is mainly storm runoff and munici-
pal and agriculture return flows.
This "Forgotten River" segment is rejuvenated by the flows
from die Conchos River from Mexico at Presidio/Ojinaga. However,
the Conchos River flows and odier tributaries from Mexico, includ-
ing those from which waters are allocated to the United States by
treaty, have been declining steadily for the past decade, a period of
drought in this part of the basin. Storage of United States and
Mexican waters at the international Amistad and Falcon Dams has
declined to record low levels, prompting emergency U.S.-Mexico
water loan arrangements.
Discussions are under way to improve information exchange
that paves the way for planning for river management during
drought periods. For the first time in recent memory, the mouth of
the Rio Grande became blocked with sediment during February
2001, completely eliminating any outflow of Rio Grande waters to
the Gulf of Mexico. The sandbar was not cleared until July 2001,
-------
when the IBWC was forced to dredge a 20-foot channel through die
400-foot sandbar. Within two days, natural processes had opened
die channel to more dian 100 feet in widdi, but diis situation could
recur as drought and low-flow conditions persist.
As in the case for the Colorado River, reduced flows and escalat-
ing demand for water direaten the Rio Grande ecosystem. The
declining flows from the Mexican tributaries have raised questions
concerning the delivery by Mexico of waters allocated to the United
States from those streams. Mexico continues to accumulate a water
debt, a matter that was raised to die level of die Presidents in
February 2001, and which resulted in IBWC agreements for plans
for Mexico to cover die water debts. Mexico's difficulty in making
full deliveries under diose plans prompted Presidents Bush and Fox
to have a frank discussion on September 5, 2001 about water
resources and the importance of Mexico living up to its treaty obliga-
tions. Resolution of diis issue remains high on the United States'
agenda. Bodi presidents also recognized that greater cooperation can
lead to more effective watershed management and improved infra-
structure. They discussed formation of a joint advisory council.
• Pollution! Pollution problems, exacerbated by low flows,
plague die Colorado River and the Rio Grande. Dumps, mine
wastes, municipal and industrial effluent, irrigation return flows, and
odicr non-point runoff all contribute varying contaminants that
have been linked to human and ecosystem health problems. In addi-
tion, especially in the Colorado River basin, the presence of salinity,
or total dissolved solids, is a major concern. These water quality
problems affect the rivers' suitability for human consumption, irriga-
tion and wildlife.
* Pathogens: It is no longer possible to assume that even
treated public water supplies are completely free of all pathogens.
The susceptibility of a source water supply to contamination by
water-borne pathogens is dependent on many factors, including
physiography of the contributing watershed, land use practices,
wastewater treatment methods, and padiogen life-cycles. This con-
cern of global scope is especially relevant to residents in the border
region due to reports of inadequate sewage treatment and limited
public water-supply infrastructures.
Concerns about water-borne pathogens are highlighted by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Surface Water
Treatment Rule, which requires suppliers diat use rivers or reservoirs
as a water supply to adequately filter the water for padiogens.
Similar concerns led to EPA's Information Collection Rule imple-
mented in 1996, which requires monitoring and data reporting from
large public water systems (greater dian 100,000 population served)
on water-borne agents.
• Non-Native Aquatic Vegetation: introduced
aquatic vegetation - hydrilla and water hyacindi - are clogging the
main stem of die Rio Grande and hindering die operation of irriga-
tion and drinking water supply diversion structures in the Lower Rio
Grande Valley. These weeds flourish in low-flow conditions and
have been difficult to eradicate with mechanical means. They have
proliferated, in part, because of elevated concentrations of nutrients
from run-off, coupled with low flows from overuse. To enable water
to be delivered to downstream users on both sides of the border,
water is being released from die Falcon Reservoir to "push" the
clogged Rio Grande water through the vegetation. Odier species -
grass carp and weevils - are being introduced for bio-control of the
weeds, but die long-term ecosystem effects of these species are
unclear. In some reaches of the Colorado River, different aquatic
vegetation has appeared. The U.S. water resource agencies have
teamed their efforts to prevent its spread to the border. Mexico's
water resource agencies have participated in control and prevention
efforts for both river systems.
• GrOUndwater Depletion: Overuse of groundwater
supplies in the Santa Cruz River and San Pedro River basins is a
major concern because of the rapid growth rates in the urban areas in
those basins. Increased groundwater withdrawals from the Tucson
basin in Arizona have resulted in increased well pumping costs,
reduced groundwater quality, decreased well capacities, and land
subsidence. As groundwater withdrawals exceed natural recharge,
increasing volumes of surface water from the Santa Cruz and San
Pedro Rivers are drawn into the aquifer, affecting river flow, and in
turn, die riparian habitat in those streams.
In Texas and Chihuahua, die El Paso/Juarez joint planning
efforts are based on viewing the Hueco groundwater basin as a finite
water supply. Conservation measures are being undertaken and
alternative sources are being explored, including desalination and
increased use of treated river water.
Some border region programs to protect water resources have
existed for a decade or more. For instance, the Colorado River Basin
Salinity Control Forum was organized in 1974 by the seven
Colorado River basin states. Another example is die Western Water
Policy Review Advisory Commission, initially established by former
President George Bush in 1992. The Commission oudined western
RfthReprloflheGflodNdgliliorMoiiinenlalBoaid
-------
Binational sampling of the Colorado River at the Northern
International Boundary is helping both nations learn more about the
quality of their shared water resources.
Photo credit: Roy Schroeder, USGS.
water conflicts and recommendations to resolve them, many of
which are applicable to the border region.
Individual states also have initiatives in place. For instance, in
1997, the Texas legislature mandated creation of Regional Water
Planning Groups. Regional water plans have been completed and
are in the process of being incorporated in the state water plan.
Although some environmental groups and rural interests have con-
cerns about some of the provisions in these plans, the planning
process generally is viewed as a ground-breaking effort to shape the
state's water policies for the next 50 years.
Over the past several years, promising new partnerships have
been created to work specifically on Rio Grande issues: 1) In 1999,
the Rio Grande Citizens' Forum was established by the U.S. section
of the IBWC to obtain input on its activities on the Rio Grande
between Percha Dam, New Mexico and Fort Quitman, Texas.
2) Currently, the IBWC is working with the U.S. Department of the
Interior, Mexico's Secretariat of Ecology and Natural Resources, and
non-government organizations to develop a strategy for the "forgot-
ten reach" of the Rio Grande between Fort Quitman and the
Amistad Reservoir. The strategy includes components such as a
habitat assessment and possible salt cedar control projects. It grew
out of a June 14, 2000 binational symposium about that stretch of
the river. 3) A Binational Assessment of Natural Resources along the
Rio Grande/Rio Bravo continues to be carried out by the U.S.
Department of the Interior and Mexican scientists from Ministry of
the Environment and Nature Resources (SEMARNAT). The goal is
to complete a reconnaissance of the "Upper" and "Lower Canyon"
reaches of the Rio Grande, that border protected areas in Mexico,
Big Bend National Park in Texas, and most of the U.S. designated
"Wild and Scenic" reach of the Rio Grande. 4) The Binational Rio
Grande Rio Bravo Ecosystem Working Group, formed in response
to the Joint Declaration signed in June 2000 by the two environ-
ment ministry heads, then-Secretaries Babbitt and Carabias, meets
to formulate strategies for restoring ecosystem values for a segment of
the Rio Grande. 5) Border-region, non-governmental organizations
issued a Binational Declaration in May 2001 regarding management
of the Rio Conchos and lower Rio Bravo/Rio Grande. The agree-
ment calls for both governments to improve water use efficiency,
explore joint funding of conservation measures and develop short-
and long-term joint drought management plans.
OTHER INITIATIVES
In Texas, a coalition of public interest groups is implementing
an initiative called the "Living Waters Project." The goal is to urge
water planners to provide mechanisms to protect rural water needs,
bay and estuary freshwater requirements and preservation of in-
stream flows. Also in Texas, the towns of El Paso and Fort Bliss are
exploring construction of a joint desalination plant. The plant
would allow for the treatment of saline water prior to distribution
and remove demand on other fresh water sources.
Texas and New Mexico together have established the
Texas/New Mexico Water Commission to bring together El Paso
and southern New Mexico to work on common water concerns and
future water delivery mechanisms. In addition, the new Mexico
Lower Rio Grande Water Users Organization was set up to foster
cooperative water planning among a number of souther New
Mexico water suppliers, including those for rural communities.
To involve rural communities all along the U.S.-Mexico border
region, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is con-
tinuing to sponsor the establishment and operation of Rural
Conservation & Development Border-Region Councils. Among
their other activities, the councils may recommend water conserva-
tion projects for funding.
Several pairs of sister cities are carrying out joint planning efforts
around the issue of longer-term water supply for their communities.
Notable examples are those between El Paso, Texas-Ciudad Juarez,
Chihuahua and San Diego, California and Tijuana, Baja California.
In addition, the Tohono O'odham Nation is planning for long-term
protection and management of its groundwater supply.
-------
iiliiil'! MFji VA*T" '^'•|Mjp«M Ł» 'firi^ aiifc ^
• MOVE FORWARD ON CONSERVING
ECOSYSTEMS.
Support water use plans that provide sufficient water flows for the
conservation and restoration of streams, rivers, lakes and wedands as
riparian ecosystems. Implement the 2000 Joint Declaration
between the Department of Interior and SEMARNAT as a step for-
ward in this process.
• STRENGTHEN BINATIONAL GROUNDWATER
RESEARCH.
Develop a binational program to assess the availability and quality of
groundwater in the border region. Such a program could provide a
scientific foundation for further cooperation to address many of die
pressing natural resource and environmental challenges in the border
region. These challenges include providing for safe, sustainable sup-
plies of water and assessing the susceptibility of aquifers to contami-
nation.
• FOSTER STRATEGIC PLANNING.
Develop a joint drought management and sustainable water man-
agement plan for the region.
• INVEST IN INFRASTRUCTURE.
Support continued investment in water supply, wastewater treat-
ment, resource recovery, and recycling and solid waste disposal infra-
structure to provide a save water supply, protect public health, and
improve water quality.
• ADDRESS NON-POINT SOURCES OF WATER
POLLUTION.
Develop and implement proven land and water management strate-
gics to treat non-point sources of water pollution along the border.
Use practices diat account for natural features such as geology and
soils, as well as andiropogenic features, diat is, tile drains and irrigation.
• LOOK GLOBALLY FOR MODELS OF SUCCESS.
Research potential blueprints for water management practices from
other water deficient areas of the world for possible application to
die US-Mexico Border region.
• LINK WATER ISSUES WITH HEALTH ISSUES.
Implement a process to integrate public health and water resources
issues. The process should include a binational program for system-
atic monitoring of surface and groundwater for water-borne
pathogens, viruses, selected trace elements, and pesticides. Bottom
sediments and fish tissues should be included in the process and
examined for selected trace elements, organochlorine pesticides, and
other compounds.
In summary, we must strengthen the good work already under
way. The U.S. and Mexico can no longer afford to separately plan
and execute water use and allocation for shared border watersheds.
"With some border cities predicted to run short in as little as five
years, there is an urgent need to undertake water management plan-
ning as soon as possible. Strong binational cooperation based on
mutual respect is a critical element to forging new joint management
plans in the border region. A high priority must be placed on ecosys-
tem functioning, on maintaining the value of rural communities in
both the U.S. and Mexico, and on stakeholder involvement in water
management planning. Border region-wide efforts such as continu-
ing to move toward a watershed approach, including development of
a border-region water plan, are essential ingredients of any longer-
term solution. The Good Neighbor Environmental Board called for
such an approach in its last report, the Fourth Report to die
President and Congress. It applauds progress since that time and
reiterates its call.
-------
Fifth Report of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board
to the President and Congress
of the United States
RECOMMENDATIONS
Power Plants: Establish formalized binational coordination and cooperative
planning among U.S. and Mexican energy and environmental agencies to
minimize adverse air quality impacts from power plants in the border region,
while addressing binational energy needs.
Alternative Energy: Promote energy conservation and development of
alternative sources of energy in order to minimize impacts to air quality.
Infrastructure Fund: Provide federal financing to remedy air quality health
problems exacerbated by inadequate transportation infrastructure in the
region. Such funding should be allocated to a binational entity capable of
taking remedial action at the project level.
The May 2001 report by the White Houses National Energy Policy Development Group
states that "fossil fuel-fired,power plants, other industrial sources, and vehicles remain significant
sources of air pollution." This is especially true in the border region, where air quality is a border-
wide problem.
In contrast to communities in other parts of the United States, financially strapped border
communities have had to deal with decades of rapid growth and additional infrastructure demands
brought by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Many border-area residents are
exposed to health-threatening levels of air pollutants such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide,
ozone and paniculate matter. These pollutants originate from a number of sources: power plants,
industrial facilities, vehicles, truck back-ups at border crossing points, burning garbage, residential
heating and cooking, burning landfills, brick-making kilns, and unpaved roads. They also may
occur as a by-product of agricultural practices such as pesticide application, agricultural burns to
clear land, and tilling activities. Wind-blown sand, dust and soil are a problem particularly in
coastal areas, where brush removal, agriculture and drought have created vast tracks of exposed sur-
face area.
-------
Decisions about power plants, one of the border regions "sta-
tionary" sources of air emissions, have moved to center stage in
recent months, due to an anticipated spike in energy demand. In
Mexico, die Federal Electrical Commission (FEC) is planning to
increase its generation capacity by an additional 15,000 megawatts
(MW) between now and 2007, widi electricity demands in northern
Mexico alone projected to increase by 10 - 14 percent. ("The
Geography of Energy at the U.S.-Mexican Border", Pasquetti, M.
2001.) Statistics from the Commission for Environmental
Cooperation (CEC) support die case. Its initiative called
"Environmental Challenges and Opportunities of the Evolving
Continental Electricity Market," reports increased electricity sector
expansion in Mexico, with 65 percent of the expansion to occur in
the country's nonhern border states.
The U.S. border region already is contending with a
supply/demand imbalance, and die situation is not expected to
change anytime soon. In die case of California, for example, die
This Samalayuca combined-cycle power plant near CiudadJuarez,
Chihuahua,, and EL Paso, Texas, uses air cooled condensers.
I Photo credit: GEA Power Cooling Systems.
state has experienced serious electricity supply problems since dereg-
ulation, including rapidly escalating prices for electricity, forced out-
ages and extended periods of blackout warnings. In response, since
TABLE 1. BORDER REGION POWER PLANTS 200 MW AND LARGER
STATE FUTURE
California
Baja California
Arizona
Sonora
New Mexico
Texas
Chihuahua
Coahuila
Tamaulipas
Total U.S.
Total Mexico
Total Border Region
Source: California Air Resources Board
PROPOSED
3
4
2
0
1
5
2
2
2
11
10
21
EXISTING
2
4
1
3
—
1
1
1
3
10
13
RECENTLY APPROVED
1 - h ' , ,,,,,.,.
4
1
5
. -
3
1
—
: . 2'
4
12
16
RIlhE«pflrtofllieGflfldNeigIil]flrEiiyirfliiinen!alBoard
-------
Existing and Planned
Electrical Generation Plants in the
US-Mexico Border Region by State
4§2 M
r Power 68 Is/IW
fealton Sea 300 MW|
5
Otay Mesa 510 MW ,:
San Onofra 2,200 MW
CabrilloSSOMW
South Bay 729 MW
Prasidente Juarez 620 MW
Rosarlto8&9SS9MW
Cairo Prieto 720 MW
~3, topez Poftilto 1300 MW
fWK»ladrica Mexteali SQO MW
Legend
I I Existing PowerPlant
Recently Approved Power Plant
Future Power Plant
Credit: California Air Resources Board.
1999, the California Energy Commission has licensed 30 new natu-
ral gas-fired power plants, totaling almost 12,000 MW of new gen-
eration that will come on-line by 2004. In addition, in 2001 the
California legislature authorized $800 million in additional spend-
ing on energy efficiency and energy conservation programs. These
new investments, coupled with existing programs and ongoing
efforts, reduced electricity consumption for the first nine months of
" 2001 by almost eight percent below the same period in 2000.
A comprehensive look at both sides of the border collectively
shows thatl3 electricity generating projects have been recently per-
mitted throughout the border region, and 16 more are being
planned to meet the regions anticipated needs (see Table 1). These
projects will increase the regions generating capacity by more than
5,000 MW by 2003, and will almost double the current capacity
from 14,000 to 26,000 MW by 2009.
Energy policy choices that result in employing power plants to
meet increased demand along the border should be carefully exam-
ined in terms of the effect upon regional air quality. Power plants are
significant sources of several air pollutants including oxides of nitro-
gen (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO) and paniculate matter less than
10 microns (PM^). Air pollution levels in most of the binational
air basins, such as San Diego-Tijuana, Imperial County-Mexicali
and El Paso-Ciudad Juarez, already exceed health-based air quality
standards established by the U.S. and Mexico. (SeeTable 2).
Though other measures have been proposed as part of the solu-
tion mix to escalating energy demands, they have not, to date,
received the attention they merit. "Wind and solar power should be
chief among the alternatives examined. A greater focus on energy
conservation also deserves more serious thought.
Evidence suggests that some business and private consumers
-------
may prefer a "green" choice of electricity: The Commission for
Environmental Cooperation (CEC) funded a Gallup Mexico survey
in June/July 2001 of 100 top Mexican businesses. The results were
Startling: 94 percent of the business executives in these companies
indicated that they are aware of environmental impacts of electricity
used, and are prepared to purchase more electricity from renewable
sources to run their businesses. When asked if they would pay more
for "green" electricity, over half of those companies said they would
pay a premium, on average about 10 percent above current electrici-
ty prices. The survey included: iron, steel, cement, paper, mining,
automotive and chemical companies with total annual sales of U.S.
Si 10 billion, employing approximately 600,000 people.
_
SO2
N/A
TABLE 2. AIR QUALITY IN THE BORDER REGION
CITY OZONE CO PM10
San Diego, CA •
Tijuana, BC •
Imperial Valley, CA •
Mexicali, BC •
Douglas, AZ •
Agua Prieta, Son •
Nogales, AZ •
Nogales, SON N/A N A
San Luis Rio Colorado, SON •
Yuma, AZ •
Anthony, NM •
Sunland Park, NM •
El Paso, TX •
Cd. Juarez •
• - Meets air quality standard
• - Does not meet air quality standard
N/A - Data not available
Note: Each city is rated according to either U.S. or Mexican standards, defending upon their country.
Sources: For U.S. cities, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency "Green Book;" for Mexican cities, BorderXKI Air Workgroup information.
FiflhReportofUieGMdNdglilKirEQTironinenlalBoard
-------
Who Regulates the Energy Sector?
Governmental organizations oversee energy
supply and demand in both the United States and
Mexico. In many ways, however, that is where the
similarity ends. In Mexico, all energy matters are
regulated at the federal level. The Ministry of
Energy (SE) is in charge of defining Mexico's energy
policy. The Comision Federal de Electricid (CFE) is
responsible for power production in Mexico; and
the power plants being built by foreign companies
in Mexico contract with CFE. Several other govern-
mental organizations make up Mexico's energy
structure, including the Energy Regulatory
Commission (CRE), responsible for issuing permits.
Mexico's environmental regulatory agency, SEMAR-
NAT (Ministry of the Environment and Natural
Resources), has a dual role in dealing with power
plants: it requires an environmental impact study for
every proposed project, and it establishes stan-
dards called Official Mexican Norms (NOMs) for
enforcement. The current framework offers little
opportunity in Mexico for local community partici-
pation in licensing and permitting.
By contrast, in the United States, energy is reg-
ulated at both the federal and state level. State
governments play a key role in ensuring that all
power plants in the United States obtain permits
from the pertinent state environmental regulatory
agency, which also enforces its stipulations. Many
federal environmental laws delegate some or all
permitting activities to the states. Major federal
projects require that Environmental Assessments
and/or Environmental Impact Statements be com-
pleted under the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA), in addition to any other state or federal per-
mits or other state or local environmental review.
For example, in California, all major projects,
including federal projects, undergo environmental
review or permitting, specifically determined to be
equivalent under the California Environmental
Quality Act (CEQA).
B BINATIONAL PLANNING:
Historically, planning for new power plant facilities along the border
has not been coordinated binationally. Though dialogue is begin-
ning to take place in this arena, different institutional frameworks
and lines of responsibility, inherendy make any joint capacity-plan-
ning process difficult. Case in point: in San Luis, Rio Colorado,
immediately south of the border from San Luis, Arizona, a power
plant has been proposed to generate electricity to meet demands for
a new proposed industrial center for maquiladoras. This facility also
proposes to send some of its energy to help meet California's
demands. In this instance, Arizona could be subjected to emissions
from Mexico. U.S. federal and state officials are said to have learned
of this proposed facility as a result of an article in a local newspaper.
• SHARED AIR SHEDS, DIFFERENT EMISSIONS
STANDARDS:
No trans-boundary agreements exist to provide clear guidance on
how to manage and/or avoid potential negative impacts of individ-
ual power plants' emissions on shared, trans-boundary "air sheds".
Furthermore, there are no binational agreements to provide even
notification or information about proposed power plants. Some
U.S. border states have such agreements in place, but may not have
access to all the relevant information to which the federal govern-
ment has access.
Clearly, there is no NEPA requirement for any new power
plants constructed in Mexico. Mexican emissions requirements tend
to be less stringent than in the United States and, in some cases (as
for carbon monoxide), nonexistent, with potential ramifications for
neighboring U.S. communities all too evident. Case in point: a
U.S.-owned facility is being built in Mexicali, Baja California. Part
of its energy supply will be sent to California. Potentially, faced with
energy shortages, U.S.-owned companies can escape more stringent
emissions controls by building in Mexico, and still supply power to
U.S. communities. At the same time it is difficult to obtain infor-
mation about the intentions of energy developers to sell into the
United States. Currently, communities involved are forced to rely on
the good will of the developers to share this information.
U.S. border communities face a unique and sometimes formi-
dable challenge when it comes to complying with EPA's National
Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standards. Many of them are
declared to be in non-attainment, but they do not always have com-
plete control over resolving the problem. The case of Carbon I and
II, coal-fired power plants in Coahuila, provides perhaps the most
-------
well- known example of the ramifications of shared air sheds. These
power plants arc believed to be contributing significantly to visibility-
problems in Texas at Big Bend National Park The U.S. is not with-
out blame, however. Studies also suggest that Texas industries could
be contributing to the problem. Negotiations are ongoing, but the
process thus far has been limited to study, rather than any real action
to clean up possible sources of contamination. Recendy, El Paso and
Ciudad Juarez have decided to address their local air quality problem
through a cooperative, binational approach; and this effort could
serve as an important model for similar approaches throughout the
border region.
Recendy, California officials have decided to take an innovative
approach to the problem: The Imperial County Air Pollution
Control District of California has issued a set of recommendations
to die Mexican government that would apply to new power plants
scheduled to be constructed in Mexicali. According to Imperial
County Officials, these proposed plants would generate CO and
NOx emissions high enough to contribute significantly to already
high levels of ozone in Imperial County. Imminendy, county offi-
cials are attempting to arrange meetings with Mexican Comision
Federal de Electricidad (CFE) officials and Intergen Aztec Energy,
die projects' sponsors, to express their concerns and seek tighter
emission limits through the Presidential Permit process. This case, as
it unfolds, may provide an interesting example of local action to
address air quality problems, and should also provide some lessons to
state and federal government officials.
• TRANS-BOUNDARY TRANSMISSION LINES:
Presendy, electricity supply connectors between the two countries
serve only local areas within the Texas-Chihuahua corridor and the
Califbrnia-Baja California corridor. This scenario, however, is chang-
ing. Major international transmission lines have been proposed by
several entities to deliver power nordiward, and in a rare occasion,
southward. The companies in the United States proposing the proj-
ects have begun NEPA processes to apply for a Presidential permit to
build dicse high-voltage transmission lines. During this time in
which demand for new supplies may place pressures on energy sector
officials, it is particularly important that strategic, longer-term envi-
ronmental sustainability goals continue to guide policy decisions.
Some border citizens have expressed anodier concern: the
effects that transmission lines will have on scenic by-ways and con-
servation areas. For instance, the Public Service Company of New
Mexico reportedly plans to install power lines across ecologically
sensitive areas in southeastern Arizona and into Mexico. Area resi-
dents have expressed opposition to the project.
• U.S. COORDINATION ACROSS SECTORS:
Even within the United States, domestic energy and environmental
agencies have not always worked as partners on responsibilities
involving power plants. Separate federal legislation and regulations
have created a "stove-pipe" approach to carrying out energy responsi-
bilities and environmental responsibilities, once again making close
coordination inherently difficult. Some states, such as California,
have a comprehensive licensing process for new power plants that
incorporates all state and local permitting. However, during electric-
ity market deregulation, California abandoned its long-standing
resource planning process and eliminated any requirements to
demonstrate need before obtaining a license to construct a power
plant.
• U.S. NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY:
The Bush Administrations National Energy Plan, released in May
2001, carries specific recommendations that will also affect electrici-
ty sector development along die border. The report recommends
that: trilateral energy integration be developed through the North
American Energy Working Group; areas of cooperation between the
three countries be identified; and reforms of oil, natural gas, and
electricity trans-boundary Presidential Permitting be reviewed and
proposed, as necessary, in order to facilitate cross-border trade. This
third recommendation deserves more attention in light of existing
air quality challenges in the border region. It may not be wise to
expedite permitting processes if they could result in an increase in air
quality impacts, especially in areas widi non-attainment status.
• EFFECTS ON COMMUNITIES:
Air quality impacts can be severe for communities close to power
plant emissions. Ahhough natural gas is regarded as a cleaner-burn-
ing fuel for power plants, gas is not always available, particularly in
Mexico, unless it comes from the U.S. Other fuels such as diesel or
"combustoleo", a diesel-like fuel oil produced by Mexico's national
petroleum company, PEMEX, can have more severe air quality
impacts such as those observed -at the Rosarito plant south of San
Diego (which is being converted to run on natural gas). Coal-fired
utilities, such as the Carbon 1 and 2 plants in Coahuila, Mexico,
south of Big Bend National Park in Texas, emit sulfur dioxide parti-
cles, which are particularly harmful to the respiratory system, are a
precursor to acid rain, and are major contributor to the formation of
soot. (Clean Air Trust, 2001.)
FilReportoflheCoodNdgliliorEnmoimental Board
-------
Power plants are not the only topic under discussion when it
comes to protecting border-region air quality. Mobile sources of air
pollution, and the road transportation policies that underpin these
activities, also are a major piece of the puzzle. Two areas, the condi-
tion of border-region roads, and the state of commercial freight traf-
fic, are ripe for re-examination, as concerned decision makers at all
levels look for new ways to encourage sustainable development that
includes clean air. Border crossings, particularly in the urbanized
areas of die border, carry millions of passenger cars, trucks and buses.
These vehicle crossings contribute to smog, particulate and toxic air
pollution.
Regions of die United States for beyond the border are benefit-
ting from these road transportation activities. Thus, it is only appro-
priate that policies underlying them receive national attention; and
that diese policies safeguard human health and the environment as
well as the economy. Moreover, border communities that may be
suffering a disproportionate level of negative impacts from these
activities deserve capacity-building support to address the problems
already present and mitigate these impacts in the future.
UNPAVED ROADS
Hundreds of unincorporated towns ("colonias") along die U.S.
Mexico border are home to about 1.5 million people (Housing
Assistance Council, 1998). A significant percentage (in many cases,
50%) of the roads in these communities are unpaved. Unpaved
roads on bodi sides of die border contribute air-borne dust and soils
known as particulate matter (PM-10, or particulate matter of 10
micrometers or less) to the environment. Particulate matter of this
Many border-area, residents may be exposed to health-threatening levels
of air pollutants that originate from a number of scenarios including
vehicle congestion at border crossing points.
Photo credit: Victor Valenzuela, TNRCC.
sort can cause breadiing difficulties, damage lungs and irritate the
nose and throat.
At present, neither U.S. nor Mexican federal environmental or
transportation programs are designed to address the issue. Federal
environmental programs have focused their infra-structural aid on
larger issues such as potable water, wastewater and solid waste. In
addition, federal transportation programs have volume requirements
that make these roads ineligible for assistance. State transportation
programs also tend to give these roads very low funding priority.
Thus, unpaved roads become the responsibility of local areas - areas
that do not have the resources needed to address the pollution from
the international traffic moving through their communities.
COMMERCIAL FREIGHT
Policies diat affect commercial freight transportation also are
being reviewed. This "mobile" source of air pollutants serves as a key
connecting link for the maquiladora industry and odier commercial
activities on both sides of die border. As NAFTA-induced trade
increases, so do the number of trucks crossing the border. Some
studies project as much as an additional 85% increase in truck traf-
fic over the next 30 years. Assuring the efficient movement of com-
mercial vehicles by road is especially important to the border
economy because roughly 85 percent of the goods (by value) travel
by this mode.
Despite die economic benefits, this increase in traffic con-
tributes sigmficandy to the degradation of ambient air quality, par-
ticularly at heavily trafficked border crossing points where inspection
lines force diesel-burning trucks to idle for many hours. Diesel fuel
combustion is a major source of finer, toxic particulate matter.
Beginning in 1994, EPA required modifications to diesel vehicles in
the U.S. that gready reduced their PM emissions. There is concern
that many trucks traveling across the border from Mexico are older,
heavier models still emitting high levels of fine particulate matter
and nitrogen oxide.
While many border crossing points are faced with traffic con-
gestion, the scenario at several of these locations stands out. The
crossing between Laredo, Texas, and its sister city across the border,
Nuevo Laredo, is the busiest port of entry along the U.S.-Mexico
border, with 2.2 million trucks crossing north and south in 1999.
("North American Trade and Transportation Corridors:
Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Strategies", Prepared for
NACEC by ICF Consulting, 2001.) Further to the northwest, the
Nogales port of entry along the Arizona-Sonora border is a focal
point for the importation of winter produce from Mexico, with as
many as 20,000 truck crossings per week, and over 250,000 incom-
-------
ing trucks in 2000, according to the U.S. Department of
Transportation. And at die western edge of die border, die San
Ysidro, California/Tijuana crossing saw almost 700,000 incoming
trucks during 2000.
Federal Supportfor Roads
Federal transportation programs account for
only about a third of public spending on roads. The
remaining two-thirds have come from state and
local spending. The U.S. federal government has
focused resources of the Highway Trust Fund on
the major road systems responsible for the carriage
of commerce. In the U.S., of the roughly 4 million
miles of roads, the majority of federal aid goes to
the 150,000 miles of interstate and National
Highway System roads.
Although the U.S. Department of
Transportation (DOT) has only a tangential role in
addressing air quality problems, it does provide
some limited aid for air quality issues through its
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality
Improvement Program (CMAQ). This program's
purpose is to fund projects and programs in air
quality non-attainment and maintenance areas for
ozone, carbon monoxide (CO), and PM-10, which
reduce transportation-related emissions. Unlike
other programs that have a specific highway or
transit focus, CMAQ only requires that the activity
produce a transportation benefit. Local transporta-
tion agencies, called metropolitan planning organi-
zations (which are not environmental organizations)
make decisions on how to spend CMAQ funds. In
the view of some observers, spending has focused
more on congestion mitigation than air quality.
The CMAQ Program is part of the multi-year
surface transportation legislation approved by
Congress. The current authorization is known as
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
fJEA-21).
• UNPAVED ROADS:
Given diat current federal and state government funding largely is
directed elsewhere, border communities, including tribal communi-
ties, end up being responsible for dieir own unpaved roads, both
environmentally and from a transportation standpoint. In a number
of border communities and on tribal lands, lack of resources pre-
vents roads from being paved, even diough local officials are aware of
the healdi issues. For example, a comprehensive air quality study in
Ambos Nogales demonstrated diat unpaved roads in Nogales,
Mexico are die primary contributor for Nogales, Arizona's non-
attainment status for PM10. Aldiough nearly all of Nogales,
Arizona's roads are paved, approximately 90 percent of Nogales,
Sonera's are not. Given diat Nogales, Sonora has a population of
nearly 300,000, it is impossible for Nogales, Arizona's 20,000 resi-
dents to have clean air widiout completion of air quality infrastruc-
ture projects in their neighboring Mexican sister city. The estimated
consequence of diis dilemma is an increase of respiratory diseases
and premature deaths in bodi cities.
This trend is repeated in Douglas-Agua Prieta, where 85 per-
cent of Agua Prieta's roads are unpaved. In El Paso-Juarez, 55 per-
cent of Juarez roads are unpaved. A recent study completed by the
Institute Municipal de Investigacion y Planeaci6n (IMIP) estimated
that it would require an investment of $295 million to pave 42 miles
of unpaved roadway in Juarez. By comparison, Juarez's municipal
budget for 2001 is $150 million, of which only one-diird is spent on
public works projects. Sunland Park, New Mexico; Anthony, New
Mexico; and approximately 10 additional Dona Ana County, New-
Mexico, colonias share die El Paso/Juarez air shed. As a result, they
experience many of the same non-attainment issues and face the
same concern over unpaved roads.
The problem of unpaved roads is not confined to Mexican
communities. El Paso county officials estimate that between 450
and 550 miles of unpaved streets exist in El Paso colonias alone.
Clearly, significant funding assistance is necessary to solve this infra-
structure problem in border communities along both sides of die
border.
• COMMERCIAL FREIGHT:
According to the U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of
Transportation Statistics, trade between the U.S. and Mexico mov-
ing by truck, rail, pipeline and other surface means grew from $88
trillion to $210 trillion between 1994 and 2000. Significantly, the
bulk of these goods moved by truck ($171 billion). Many U.S.
RlReiiflriflfllieCofldNeigliliorMfliiinenlalfioard
-------
experts predict freight volumes overall within the U.S. will double
between now and 2020.
Another important development is the planned expansion
within the next year of the border to commercial truck traffic.
Exactly when and how Mexican-owned trucking companies will be
allowed to operate beyond the 20-mile commercial zones is now the
subject of Congressional debate as well as three separate rule makings
before U.S. DOT's Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration. It
would be wise for policy makers to monitor these developments for
potential effects on air quality.
SISTER CITY PROJECTS
Sister cities located in all four U.S. border states are continuing
to build strong partnerships around a number of environmental
problems they have in common, including air quality issues. The
current dialogue builds on earlier binational scientific air quality
studies carried out in these areas and financed under the Border XXI
Program, including studies of air quality problems, such as emissions
inventory development and air quality monitoring and modeling.
For example, the States of Arizona and Sonora began discus-
sions in January 2001 to address the Nogales, Arizona's non-attain-
ment status for PM10 air pollution and commensurate health
impacts. Through this consular-led Border Liaison Mechanism
(BLM), which is a type of forum that has been established along the
length of the U.S.-Mexico border by the U.S. Department of State
and Mexico's Secretariat of Foreign Affairs (Secretarfa de Relaciones
Exteriores), the two countries seek to incorporate local input into
bilateral discussions to resolve a wide variety of trans-boundary
issues. The Arizona-Sonora BLM is the first to address binational air
quality issues in a comprehensive manner for a sister city pair,
including automotive vehicular emissions, traffic congestion at the
port of entry, outdoor burning by residents, and the locally critical
issue of stabilizing unpaved roads. Operational leadership comes
from the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality and the
State of Sonoras Secretariat of Urban Infrastructure and Ecology
(SIUE), along with support from Arizona's Department of
Transportation. Federal funds are needed for air quality-focused
infrastructure projects such as road paving, especially in Mexico, and
expansion of the commercial trucks'port of entry.
Arizona officials also are involved in acting upon the results of a
preliminary air quality study of the Douglas-Agua Prieta area, which
has revealed alarming concentrations of paniculate PM10 air pollu-
tion in this sister city pair. Although a public health risk assessment
will be undertaken by the state of Arizona as the final phase of this
multi-year study, the local communities have already begun an
aggressive effort to seek funds for road paving projects. The two
cities and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality are
cooperating.
Officials in Texas and New Mexico are working with neighbors
across the border through an initiative called the Joint Advisory
Committee for Improvement of Air Quality in the El Paso-Juarez-
Dofia Ana County, NM Air Basin (JAC). This project, which was
set up to improve air quality in the El Paso del Norte air basin, has
been showcased as a model of locally-based, binational cooperation
in the border region. Established in 1996, through an appendix to
the La Paz agreement, this 20-member group is comprised of repre-
sentatives from U.S. and Mexican federal, state and local govern-
ments, academia, business and industry, public health and
non-governmental organizations. Recent accomplishments of the
JAC and its partners include establishment of a Designated
Commuter Lane at the Stanton Street Bridge to facilitate border
crossing, thereby mitigating bridge congestion, distribution of oxy-
genated fuels in Juarez during the winter carbon monoxide season,
and implementation of a binational ozone action day program to
provide the community with real-time ozone air quality informa-
tion.
In California, the Binational Air Quality Alliance (BAQA) has
been set up to serve the San Diego, California/Tijuana-Rosarito,
Baja California air basin. The Alliance serves as an advisor to a range
of agencies and is developing recommendations on strategies to pre-
vent and control air pollution within the air basin.
OTHER PARTNERSHIPS
In the western U.S.-Mexico border region, the Border Power
Plants Working Group is working with industry officials to promote
sustainable power plants from both an air quality and water use per-
spective. The group is comprised of concerned citizens, environ-
mental engineers, elected officials, and non-governmental
organizations. One goal is to establish a binational agreement that
places sustainable electricity infrastructure development in an official
context.
The U.S. Department of Transportation, through its Federal
Highway Administration, has participated for the past five years in a
binational effort known as the U.S./Mexico Transportation Planning
and Programming Joint "Working Committee. The Committee met
on June 14, 2001 in Chihuahua City and adopted a new two-year
joint work plan whose main focus is coordinating transportation
infrastructure investments, more efficient border crossing, and trans-
FiflliRepQrlo[llieGQQdNeiBliliQrEifflrQnnietitalBflard
-------
portation corridor planning.
On a state level, California officials are addressing air quality-
concerns through the state's California Air Resources Board
(CARB). The Board conducts a Heavy Duty Vehicle Inspection
Program in which teams inspect trucks and buses for excessive
smoke. The inspections take place at border crossings, primarily
Otay Mesa and Calexico. Trucks and buses with excessive smoke
emissions are subject to penalties starting at $300. In budget year
2000/01, CARB conducted 886 inspections, resulting in 73 cita-
tions to vehicles testing with excess emissions.
Another project under way in California began in March 2001:
the California Environmental Protection Agency and the California
Bureau of Automotive Repair signed an agreement with the City of
Tijuana, Baja California to donate equipment, and help design and
implement a pilot vehicle inspection and maintenance program for
Tijuana's municipal fleet.
['•^ j^aigiaii!!!!:!;:!./:::
POWER PLANTS
•I ENSURE AIR QUALITY SAFEGUARDS BEFORE
POWER PLANT EXPANSION.
Proximity to the U.S.-Mexico border can create important benefits,
such as the opportunity to sell or acquire electricity across the inter-
national border. The international border can also be beneficial in
providing cleaner burning fuels to proposed facilities. Some pro-
posed Mexican power plants, such as the Agua Prieta plant under
construction south of Douglas, Arizona, would receive natural gas
piped through Arizona. 'While such opportunities are evident, envi-
ronmental concerns have not been adequately considered in the ear-
ly planning stages of these facilities.
• PROVIDE INCENTIVES FOR ALTERNATIVE
SOURCES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION.
Kir fewer power plants might be necessary if greater emphasis were
placed on conservation and on developing renewable energy sources,
resulting in fewer impacts to air quality. For instance, the North
American Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC)
published a report in November 2001 on possible carbon reductions
in Mexico. It found that strategies involving fuel switching, the use
of energy efficient technologies, and changes in forestry practices
could result in more than five million metric tons of carbon savings
in these sectors; and could also generate profits for companies able to
translate them into carbon credits on the emerging international car-
bon market. In the United States, while the National Energy Plan
discusses the potential for environmentally-friendly energy develop-
ment, there is less emphasis on demand-side management than on
supply-side response.
• ESTABLISH A BINATIONAL COORDINATING
COUNCIL.
At a minimum, membership should include at least four agencies at
the federal level: the two environmental protection agencies (EPA
and SEMARNAT) and the two energy departments (DOE and SE)
and the relevant state agencies, as well as non-governmental organi-
zations working on air quality issues. The council would address the
rapidly escalating issues associated with new power plants in the bor-
der region. Such a coordination council is vital to the ultimate suc-
cess of the president s energy policy.
• HARMONIZE REQUIREMENTS.
The absence of harmonized environmental requirements for new
power plants is at the core of die trans-boundary concerns about
power plant emissions. A model for consideration could be the han-
dling of smelters in the border region under Annex IV of the 1983
La Paz Agreement. A similar accord could be explored for power
plants operating on both sides of the United States-Mexico border
region.
• DEVELOP NOTIFICATION SYSTEM.
Although developing a harmonized set of emissions requirements
may be extremely challenging considering the absence of harmo-
nized requirements in the U.S., and sovereignty concerns in Mexico,
at the very least, trans-boundary notification of plans to design facil-
ities in the border region should occur. Article 10(7) of the North
American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation addresses this
issue, but has yet to be implemented. The article requires the CEC
council to "consider and develop recommendations with respect to"
assessment, notification and mitigation of projects with a trans-
boundary environmental impact.
• VOICE SUPPORT FOR PROPOSED MEXICAN LEG-
ISLATION TO IMPOSE MORE STRINGENT REPORT-
ING REQUIREMENTS ON INDUSTRIES.
Currently, power plants and other industries are required to report
annual emissions to SEMARNAT, Mexico's environmental depart-
ment, but this information is generally not publicly accessible. The
proposed legislation may also make more of this information avail-
able to the public.
FiiRepoitofllieGflodNdolilHirMoflineDlalBoard
-------
TRANSPORTATION
• CREATE A BORDER AIR QUALITY FUND.
Perhaps most critically, the creation of a Border Air Quality (BAQ)
fund is necessary to finance infrastructure improvements on both
sides of the border to help bring U.S. border communities into
attainment with applicable U.S. standards. Sufficient scientific
information exists to demonstrate links between public health and
air quality, and between air quality and the absence of transporta-
tion-related infrastructure in the border region. One example
already exists for such a fund. EPA's Border Environment
Infrastructure Fund (BEIF), is dedicated to water and wastewater
infrastructure needs on the border.
On the broadest level, the border region virtually serves as a
major land funnel for the movement of raw materials, finished prod-
ucts and produce throughout North America, with detrimental
effects on border communities' air quality. Regardless of the num-
ber of hurdles involved, the U.S. government must recognize that
these international air quality issues are likely to worsen over time
unless action is taken to create a binational source of funding for air
quality infrastructure deficiencies. Improvements to roads, ports of
entry, mass transportation systems and vehicle emissions testing sys-
tems are necessary to improve public health in the region.
m CONSIDER AIR QUALITY-RELATED APPROPRIA-
TIONS THROUGH AGENCIES BESIDES THE U.S.
EPA
Since air quality-focused infrastructure solutions are often trans-
portation projects, the U.S. Congress and the President may ulti-
mately wish to look for additional sources of support. Such agencies
may include the U.S. Department of Transportation (US DOT) or
the U.S. Department of Commerce. Such appropriations would
need to be strictly earmarked and monitored to ensure they are used
on transportation projects that directly improve air quality. U.S.
DOT and U.S. EPA must actively oversee these programs to ensure
that these appropriations are spent on local transportation projects
that have a direct, rather than incidental, air quality benefit.
rlhReport of toe (MMgte &Momeitoitaiii
-------
Facility Name
or Planned
Expansion
Location
Facility Status
Owner
Capacity (MW)
Technology
and Fuels
Emissions
Controls
Apache Nitrogen
Irvington Plant
Wellton-Mohawk
Generating
Facility
Ambos Nogales
Generation
Station
St. David
Tucson
25 miles east of
Yuma
Nogaies
In Operation
In Operation
Permit
Application
6/2001
Operational
Summer 2003
Apache Nitrogen
Products
Tucson Electric
Power Co.
York Research
Corp.
Maestros Group
LL.C.
465
505
620
500 For whole-
sale to Mexico.
Not connected to
US grid
Combined Cycle
and Dry Bottom
Turbo-Fired /
Coal & Gas
Tangentially Fired
and Dry Bottom
Wall-Fired /
Natural Gas and
Oil
Combined Cycle/
Natural Gas and
SEECOTTM Solar
Technology
Combined Cycle/
Natural Gas
Boilers 2 &
3:SO2-Wet Lime
NOx-Overfire Air
Boiler 4:Nox-Low
Nox Burner
Selective
Catalytic
Reduction (SCR)
and CO Catalyst
»*MB|a^^j|*B*ajS|^
Presidente Juarez
Tijuana
Cerro Prieto
Rosarito 8 & 9
Rosarito10&11
Rosarito
Tijuana
Mexicali
Tijuana
Tijuana
In Operation
' t
In Operation
In Operation
2001
2003
CFE j'
CFE
CFE
ABB/Nisholwai
Intergen Aztec
Energ'y
" " -
620
210
720
559
506
Thermoelectric/
Natural Gas &
Industrial Oil
Turbogas / Diesel
Geothermal
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas and
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas and
Diesel
fifth Report of IheGoodNdgliliorEmfironienlalBoard
-------
Facility Name
or Planned
Expansion
Location
Baja California 1
Baja California II
Baja California III
Baja California IV
Energia de .
Mexicali
Termoelectrica de
Mexicali S. de
R.L.
La Rosita
Rosarito
Rosarito
Rosarito
Rosarito
Mexicali
Mexicali
Mexicali
Facility Status
2005
~'"~ '"" --. . .... ..
2007 ^i,,.;;."
"^
2008 %;i :.r
%•:.-•
2009 ^
2003 (?)
2003 ;
2003
Owner
Intergen Aztec
Energy
Sempra
Intergen Aztec
Energy
Capacity (MW)
Technology
and Fuels
Emissions
Controls
269
269
269
269
257
500AII for export
Jo US
1000-750 for
export to US
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas and
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas and
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas and
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas and
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas &
Diesel
Low Nox Burners,
SCR
Low Nox Burners
V *< ;-tf^"*v>: _______
Otay Mesa
Salton Sea Unit
#6
San Onofre
Nuclear Power
Plant
Cabrillo Power
Plant
South Bay
Otay Mesa
Imperial County
San Onofre (51
miles NW of San
Diego)
Carlsbad
San Diego
Approved by 1_
CEC 4/1 8/2001."
Expected to Start
in 2003 t;
Appl.forCertif.
Expected 6/2001
In Operation -^.
In Operation
In Operation
PG&E Generating
" • --. ,
-
California Energy
Southern
California Edison
Cabrillo Co.
Dynergy/NRG
510
300
2,200
950MW
693
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
Geothermal
Nuclear Reactor
core fueled by
Uranium dioxide
pellets
Natural Gas &
Fuel Oil
Thermoelectric
-------
Facility Name
or Planned
Expansion
Location
Facility Status
Owner
Capacity (MW)
Technology
and Fuels
Emissions
Controls
Samalayuca
Samalayuca II
Samalayuca III
Cd. Juarez
Cd. Juarez
Cd. Juarez
Ciudad Juarez
In Operation
i.
In Operation
" :
=. ,
i, f'-'.
2007
111 :
^
2003 '""---
:i i •• ""
Transalta de
Chih.,S.A.de
C.V ,,..;'
316
522
470
318
Thermoelectric/
Natural Gas &
Industrial Oil
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas &
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas &
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
1 • 1 ""• 1m' ' LHP S1 1 1 S a 'fl §*»' B"' '' ' ' " ' " ' ' ' ' ' '" ' ' ' ''', ."'"''• '•/''! J '! ' •' •' "' " ' ' ''''ffi
J. L6pez Portillo
Carbon II
Rfo Escondido
Nava
In Operation
In Operation
1200
1400
Coal / Coal
Coal / Coal
None
None
Rio Grande
Sunland Park
La Mesa
Lordsburg
Deming
In operation since
Iate1950's
,_
April 2002
Ł
Early2003
•
ff°; ,"• '""' "!ll: '""'lll:' '
EL Paso Electric-
Public Service of
NM
Tri-State
Generation
ScTrans-rnission
Assn.
Duke Energy
• ' '• , ,,''„' . .', ;-.' i
„ , i ;,. ,, ;„ ;-/ ;, - ,'.;,:' ,»« ,•,' ,
266
1 35 MW expand-
ed to 225 MW
160MW
600 MW
. , :' • •! '.. •.. / -• i',- '. J,-
Dry Bottom Wall-
Fired / Gas
(Primary) Diesel
and Oil
(Secondary)
Natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas
Uncontrolled
MiEeportofllieGoodNeigliliorMoiimenlal Board
-------
Facility Name
or Planned
Expansion
Location
Facility Status
. ,, ; ^
Agua Prieta 1
Agua Prieta II
Agua Prieta III
Agua Prieta IV
Agua Prieta V
Energfa
Industrial 1
Energfa
Industrial II
Energfa
Industrial III
Agua Prieta
.'"""
Agua Prieta ":-.ri
Agua Prieta
Agua Prieta
Agua Prieta
San Luis Rfo
Colorado
San Luis Rfo
Colorado
San Luis Rfo
Colorado
^ t 4 *• J
2003
2005 „
tT""- :"
2006 f ::'...
2007
&~_
2008
Sep. 2002
May 2003
Sep. 2004
Owner
•- - - a,-- "'
"' -__ . - "i
1
Union Fenosa
Union Fenosa
Union Fenosa
Union Fenosa
Union Fenosa
Energfa Industrial
Rfo Colorado
Energfa Industrial
Rfo Colorado ,
Energfa Industrial
Rfo Colorado
Capacity (MW)
^^^^-^As&SS^j^S&M^^S^f^
205
234
234 _.
234
234
500
470
Coso
Technology
and Fuels
Emissions
. Controls
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
(from US)
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
(from US)
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
(from US)
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
(from US)
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas
(from US)
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
___J
-------
I" Ł-jJJj
I ! ft
I '!!• i '.
1 tftf!1
m
HI i
[ ii ii-
ti I-; '
1 iff;
fc I'
!'l!' r ",
1 ijir'jT;™ jT'nii
.it. ,,L:,,r !
<;B
11,1 lll|||i llNnllllili Ulll
;:: j^
•i* •
'" jiisft ;
!i^
:] {:'!<:"
5$33!
4; r»
!f«!!':
aft'si;
,1,^
•ii iii;1'1'1!
^tei
;|;!!,j!;;t;1;,
f \ F> :
I. ii '•;.','"
||; a, ! '
aft*
if i" •
f;L
lit:;' i V
fe
$;•«:'
Hi"!! ' „" | '
ilij"1"1,1 :
ii ;i:i!i:
[ffl^sr
liiiiiif'i iiiiiii 'IN
i ii>i ' '
ijiiiiiiiiiilliiihiiiiiiii'ihliiii
'fifrilfii
j!ff«
lp*?f
lilij,;!;!1:
iljjii, ; i, ;,
(iSA iiii
:;!:;!!!;• KT
f'
j!j|l!| [j;
Facility Name
or Planned
Expansion
Location
Facility Status
Owner
Capacity (MW)
Technology
and Fuels
Emissions
Controls
•llg rfipl p IIIMM 1 •IP^PIJIII BPIillii PI*BPBJ PptpMlHl^BBJltltl^iiiftilHffHIliBllhtPillJBt^liii^^Ml1 W" m •"' l''!!^ " ' ii''''!!!'^^^''^^''!^^^'^!!^.^^^^^ V1?!,l:i|llil?lW^l!>K^lP!,rT^lr^HtWl^^^HlW^ffrl>i>^!ft^^!^™Jl!^l^}?J,W0^fl
•I I'lP'PlM '" ffftaaitSapiisiaitessrsiilpwiWiWS^
•••lllinW^^^^^^ nj ^'^1^^t^-l^l±i,i*^l^^;^hl^l^^v^:^b^,•^s:^^^ ^,^v:!-^;^K-?^,fe!
it: _.,'P j'Taa
E. Fortes Gil
Rfo Bravo II
Rio Bravo III
Rib Bravo IV
Rfo Bravo V
Rio Bravo
Rfo Bravo
Rfo Bravo
Rfo Bravo
Rfo Bravo
miLKiiBtiai; aL^LgLjcaeiaiiiuj
""
Electricite de
France
'•• 1
;];-
r','.1- ''. - "
r
375
511
546
546
546
Thermoelectric/
Natural Gas &
Industrial Oil
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas &
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas &
Diesel
Combined Cycle
/ Natural Gas &
Diesel
Thermoelectric/
Natural Gas &
Diesel
^S3^iSKiL^SbsUkdsiaffiE^JiS&
• "llBIRw
f t: 7 ; iS|"S'3TŁ
Newman Power
Station
Hidalgo Energy
Center
Magic Valley
Generation St.
FiiReportoflhedoodNeig
El Paso
Mission, Hidalgo
Edinburg,
Hidalgo
Edinburg,
Hidalgo
El Paso, El Paso
Duval
Edinburg,
Hidalgo
htaMonmentalBoard
El Paso Electric
Co.
In Operation
In Operation
Date in service
6/0.1
Recently
Announced
Recently
Announced
Recently
Announced
Gas (Primary);Oil
arid Diesel (Back-
up)
CSW Energy
Calpine
Calpine
•I:H'|" :'' ' ' ', !| I"'1 "i '>"'', '
ANP,
:.,, j. . . ,
CCNG, Inc.
™ <
ANP
32
500
344
500
730
450
385
550
Dry Bottom Wall-
Fired (295 MW);
Combined Cycle
(205 MW)
NOx Controls for
205 MW; in
process of
installing controls
on 295 MW
under SB7
-------
SOURCES OF INFORMATION:
Arizona:
1) Wellton-Mohawk Geerating Facility Project Information
2) Maestros Group LLC webpage: http://maestrosgroup.com
3) EPA Acid Rain Emissions Data for Power Plants:
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/emission/az/
4) Newspaper article: Rush to meet energy need likely won't
help S. Arizona. Arizona Daily Star. April 15, 2001, pp. 1
and 8.
5) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality's Proposed
and pernitted PSD/NSR Permits 1998-2000.
6) Arizona Department of Environmental Quality's State Map
Showing Electric Generating Facilities
Baja California:
1) Comision Reguladora de Energfa (CRE) website:
http://www.cre.gob.mx/
2) Information Sheet for Mexicali Power Plant Projects
3) Information Provided by Eduardo Arriola Valdez, Comisi6n
Federal de Electricidad
California:
1) EPA Acid Rain Emissions Data for Power Plants:
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/emission/ca/
2) California Energy Commission webpage:
http://www.energy.ca.gov/
3) San Diego Tribune - Various News Articles
Chihuahua:
1) Comision Reguladora de Energfa (CRE) website:
http://www.cre.gob.mx/
2) Information Provided by Eduardo Arriola Valdez, Comision
Federal de Electricidad
Coahuila de Zaragoza:
1) Comisi6n Reguladora de Energfa (CRE) website:
http://www.cre.gob.rnx/
2) Information Provided by Eduardo Arriola Valdez, Comisi6n
Federal de Electricidad
Nuevo Leon:
1) Comision Reguladora de Energfa (CRE) website:
http://www.cre.gob.mx/
2) Information Provided by Eduardo Arriola Valdez, Comisi6n
Federal de Electricidad
New Mexico:
1) EPA Acid Rain Emissions Data for Power Plants:
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/emission/nm/
2) El Paso Times
3) Tri-State Generation webpage
4) Albuquerque Journal
Sonora:
1) Comision Reguladora de Energfa (CRE) website:
http://www.cre.gob.mx/
2) Information Provided by Eduardo Arriola Valdez, Comision
Federal de Electricidad
Tamaulipas:
1) Comision Reguladora de Energfa (CRE) website:
http://www.cre.gob.mx/
Texas:
1) EPA Acid Rain Emissions Data for Power Plants:
http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/emission/tx/; El Paso Electric
2) TNRCC Title V and NSR Lists
3) Texas PUC Generation Facilities List
FOOTNOTES:
1) The California Energy Commission's webpage splits power
plants between those that are >300MW in capacity and those that
<300MW in capacity. Most of our research for California was cen-
tered on the former group. For that reason, there may be a few
power plants not included in this table that have a capacity
between 200MW and 300MW.
2) For some facilities, one or more cells were left blank due to lack
of information regarding those parameters.
FMepoitotllietMMglorltotomentalBoart
-------
-------
Fifth Report of the Good Neighbor Enviromental Board
to the President and Congress
of the United States
^l, f&i j§
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Capacity-Building: Direct financial, technological and human resources
to assist local communities, including tribal communities, to prepare for
and respond to hazardous materials incidents.
• Training: Increase awareness and training in the areas of hazardous waste
identification, storage, and export for final disposition.
• Resources: Increase available emergency response equipment and
personnel.
As in other parts of the United States and Mexico, a range of hazardous materials can be
found in the border region. Some of these hazardous materials are present in fixed facilities
such as maquiladora plants, while others pass through the region as rail and truck shipments.
The difference between the border region and the rest of the United States, in the eyes of con-
cerned border-region residents, is die relative level of potential risk their communities face,
and trie comparative lack of resources they have available to handle an actual incident, such as
an accidental release or spill.
A sizeable portion of the approximately 300 million hazardous materials shipments that
take place in die United States each year occur in the border region. The main hazardous
materials moving dirough die region, according to recent the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) commodity flow studies, are petroleum and petroleum products and natural
gas. In San Diego County alone, more than 24,000 trans-border shipments of hazardous
materials take place annually, for the 16 types of commodities classified as hazardous materials
commodities, according to a 2001 EPA study.
One component of diese hazardous materials being shipped is managed as hazardous
waste by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). EPA studies have shown that along
the lengdi of the border from San Diego to Brownsville, anywhere from one to 11 percent of
hazardous material shipments is hazardous waste. Manufacturing facilities and maquiladoras
are the principle generators of hazardous waste, generating mainly waste flammable liquids
-------
and solvents. Hazardous waste transported through the region is
primarily solid waste, destined for recycling.
Cross-border movement of hazardous waste involves hun-
dreds of industrial facilities. The amount of hazardous waste
exported from Mexico to the United States increased from 5,500
tons in 1991 to more than 12,000 tons in 1999, a growth of
more than 118 percent, according to EPA's Haztraks database.
Conversely, it is reported that hazardous waste exports from the
United States to Mexico have increased from 158,543 tons in
1995 to 254,537 tons in 1999, an increase of approximately 60
percent. [Source: Texas Center for Policy Studies, 2000 Report
on Generation of Trans-boundary Hazardous Wastes, Table 36.]
Technically, under U.S. federal rules, hazardous waste for recy-
cling is not considered hazardous waste.
Hazardous Materials Management Responsibilities
Responsibility for managing hazardous materials along the border is shared by different governmental
agencies at varying levels. On the broadest level, the Mexican Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources
(SEMARNAT) and EPA have primary oversight for managing hazardous wastes.
Other U.S. federal agencies play a part as well. Both the Mexican and U.S. DOT have responsibilities for
moving hazardous material. DOT is responsible for regulating the packaging and placarding of hazardous
materials shipments moving within the United States, as well as defining the training standards for those who
handle those goods for and during actual transport. In addition, the U.S. Departments of State and Treasury
have a role, with the State Department responsible for acknowledging consent of international shipments of
hazardous waste, and the Customs Service of the Treasury Department assuring compliance with U.S. trade
regulations.
U.S. state agencies have delegated authority from EPA for managing trans-boundary movement of haz-
ardous wastes, for example, when that waste is being transported through or sent to their state for final dispos-
al. State agencies such as the Texas Department of Public Safety have delegated authority to verify
transporters are complying with DOT rules.
Tracking wastes in the United States is also a multi-agency effort. Hazardous waste and other commodities
are tracked as imports and exports through two federal agencies, U.S. Customs Service (imports) and U.S.
Bureau of Census (exports). Imports of hazardous wastes are tracked by an EPA database known as Haztraks,
and by domestically required submissions of hazardous waste manifests. Exports are not always monitored,
and at times, voluntary reporting of shipments via Shippers Export Declarations (SEDs) must be relied upon.
Tracking information also is provided by DOT's Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS), which maintains data
bases on traffic flow of people and goods across national borders.
For day-to-day management of hazardous waste, it tends to be an issue of infrastructure and bilateral coor-
dination, as well as regulation, compliance assistance and enforcement. In Mexico, the Hazardous Waste
Regulation establishes "cradle-to-grave" documentation and disposal requirements, just as the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) does in the United States.
FilUiReportofUieGoodNeiglitiorEiiYironinental Board
-------
"With the increase in cross-border movement of hazardous
waste comes the potential for increased risk of accidents.
Unfortunately, many border communities within the ten border
states lack the resources they need to adequately handle either
mobile or stationary types of hazardous materials emergencies.
Competing budget demands on modest municipal coffers leave
little reserve to fund activities such as training or planning, or to
purchase and maintain an adequate level of response equipment.
For instance, the city of Reynosa, the sister city of McAllen,
Texas, has only one fire station to serve its population of
420,000, according to a local newspaper article that appeared in
October 2001. Many communities like Reynosa, on both sides
of the border, remain at risk. Aggressive steps are required to
improve their ability to plan for and respond to hazardous mate-
rials emergencies.
In the meantime, dedicated citizens, in what are called "sis-
ter cities," neighboring cities across the border from each other,
are working together with the resources they do have, with some
laudable outcomes as the result. For example, as of November 9,
2001, eight out of fourteen pairs of sister cities had put what are
called "contingency plans" into place. These Sister City
Contingency Plans spell out how the sister cities will jointly pre-
pare for and respond to emergencies involving fire, chemicals, or
hazardous materials that may affect that portion of the border
area and its residents. Pairs of cities with contingency plans
Sister cities throughout the border region increasingly are forming part-
nerships around emergency preparedness, as this training exercise in
Brownsville/Matamoros illustrates.
Photo credit: Armando Santiago, EPA.
include the following: 1) Brownsville, Texas, and Matamoros,
Tamaulipas; 2) Eagle Pass, Texas, and Piedras Negras, Coahuila;
3) Laredo, Texas, and Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas; 4) McAllen,
Texas, and Reynosa, Tamaulipas; 5) Nogales, Arizona, and
Nogales, Sonora; 6) San Luis, Arizona, and San Luis, Sonora; and
7) Del Rio, Texas, and Ciudad Acunna, Coahuila; and 8)
Douglas, Arizona, and Aqua Prieta, Sonora.
FihReDflrtflftlieGofldNeiQlihflrEnvirflmentalBflartl
-------
Legislative Frameworkfor Emergency Response
Support for developing Sister City Contingency Plans stems from the La Paz Agreement. Annex II of the La
Paz Agreement established what is called the U.S./Mexico Joint Contingency Plan. This binational overarching
plan lays a foundation for cooperative efforts across the region to work together on prevention, preparedness,
mitigation and response of hazardous substance releases in the border area. It is being implemented by a
group called the Joint Response Team, a group that also serves as the Contingency Planning and Emergency
Response Workgroup under the Border XXI program.
The Joint Response Team is co-chaired by EPA's Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office
and SEMARNAT's PROFEPA, the Mexican federal enforcement agency. Membership includes federal, state,
and local officials responsible for border contingency planning and emergency response. One of the team's
responsibilities is to set up a framework for developing individual sister city contingency plans for each of the
14 pairs of adjacent cities on each side of the border. It also assists sister cities with incorporating counter-ter-
rorism aspects into their contingency plans. EPA's Region 6 and 9 regional offices are the U.S. implementing
bodies of the team.
EPA also has emergency response responsibilities under another piece of legislation. Its Chemical
Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office oversees implementation of federal legislation passed in 1986,
called the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). EPCRA provides for funds to
states and Indian tribes for planning and training for emergency response to hazardous materials accidents and
incidents. It mandates that each state establish a State Emergency Response Commission.
These State Emergency Response Commissions, in turn, are required to set up Local Emergency Planning
Commissions (LEPCs). Up to 75 percent of the states' EPCRA grant funds are passed on to local governments
to enable them to do their part. LEPC membership must include local elected officials and staff with compe-
tence in health and emergency response, as well as members from industry, media and citizen's groups. The
LEPCs work on sister city plans, in partnership with their Mexican neighbors, as well as develop a plan for their
own community. Yet a different community group is responsible for the step-by-step operational procedures
that are put into action in their community in case of emergency. These "first-response" organizations are
encouraged to work in coordination with their local LEPCs.
_
FEDERAL AGENCY INVOLVEMENT
Once sister city contingency plans are developed, EPA works
with the communities to test them out. Emergency response
exercises, which are based on the plans, are carried out to help
ensure that the plans remain viable and useful. EPA's regional
offices in San Francisco and Dallas take a lead role in this work.
Simulation exercises have been held thus far in six of the eight sis-
ter cities with contingency plans. Hundreds of dedicated border
region residents took part in these exercises, which included
industry sponsorship.
EPA also assists sister cities with other emergency response
activities: developing commodity flow studies; training on emer-
gency response software, developing simulation exercises, first
responder/hazardous materials technician training, inventories of
resources, and other activities. EPA maintains a website where its
semi-annual report, commodity flow studies, and other docu-
FiiRprtofllietodNeiflliliorEnviroiiienlalBoard
ments about the border region can be accessed. State and local
authorities in both the U.S. and Mexico have been actively
involved as partners in all of these border efforts.
The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) also is part
of the emergency preparedness support network. DOT's
Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) and its
sister agencies in Canada and Mexico jointly issue a North
American Emergency Response Guidebook. Published in
English, French, and Spanish, the 2000 version of the guidebook
alerts first responders to potential dangers arising from the threat
of fire, explosion or health hazards, and recommends initial
emergency actions for the most commonly transported haz-
ardous materials. RSPA also manages the Hazardous Materials
Emergency Preparedness (HMEP) grant program, which pro-
vides hazardous materials planning and training assistance to
emergency responders and LEPCs. HMEP distributes fees col-
-------
lected from shippers and carriers of hazardous materials to emer-
gency planners and responders. Nearly $12.8 million in grant
funds were available for use in 2001, with $1.9 million ear-
marked for border states.
The Research and Special Programs Administration also encour-
ages initiatives in which industry partners with local emergency
response personnel. Other DOT programs include the follow-
ing: emergency response training of first responders through
team workshops; a first responder videotape training program;
Chemnet, a mutual aid network that provides direct on-site assis-
tance for chemical emergencies to shippers and for-hire contrac-
tors; and funds for state and local emergency preparedness
demonstration projects.
SISTER CITIES
Sister City Contingency Plans provide one of the best exam-
ples of binational cooperation at the municipal level. Developing
these plans involves a broad range of stakeholders, and so agree-
ment on the conditions sometimes takes time. Together, each
multi-stakeholder group identifies which chemical risks are espe-
cially applicable to its own pair of sister cities, and how to
respond in case of an incident. Simultaneously they work to
build a collaborative network that becomes instrumental in
reducing the risk.
Close examination of one sister city contingency plan illus-
trates the partnership process. In October 2001, the mayors of
Del Rio, Texas, and Ciudad Acuna, Coahuila signed what die
two cities call their Binational Hazardous Material Mutual Aid
Agreement. The Agreement calls for the sister cities to determine
areas of common concern, assess their collective resources, and
conduct a bi-national exercise every two years. Under the terms,
the city providing the assistance will supervise its own personnel
and equipment. The group receiving the aid will have authorized
people to provide general directions related to the work. The
party responsible for the spill, receiving the aid, will be responsi-
ble for the necessary material and other items needed to respond
adequately. According to the agreement, if the incident is
beyond the capabilities of both cities, they can request that the
state of Texas or the Mexican State of Coahuila initiate a joint
team. If more help is needed, EPA and, in Mexico, the National
Civil Protection System, can be contacted for additional aid.
Sister city planning has spawned the creation of another
type of binational partnership: Binational Emergency Planning
Committees (BEPCs). BEPCs are similar in concept to Local
Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs). Of note is the
BEPC for the sister city pair of Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales,
Sonora, which is co-chaired by Mexican and U.S. Consuls. This
local plan has been successfully tested four times since March
1999. With EPA's support, and Arizona state agencies and local
officials, plans were developed, exercise design classes were held,
and full-scale binational simulation exercises were executed.
Additionally, binational first responder/hazardous material tech-
nician level courses were completed that are certified by Arizona
and the International Fire Service Accreditation Congress.
OTHER TOOLS, INITIATIVES
Additional emergency response resources have been devel-
oped for nationwide use that are being employed in the border
region:
OPERATION RESPOND® - Operation Respond® is a not-for-
profit organization providing emergency responders with fast,
accurate information in emergency situations. Designed for use
at hazardous materials and passenger train incidents, Operation
Respond® Emergency Information System (OREISO) software
provides the necessary information to assure that the first respon-
der to an accident is not its first victim. The program connects
operators to the databases of railroad and motor carriers, allow-
ing emergency responders to quickly and accurately identify the
presence of any hazardous materials. It also provides detailed
information about specific chemicals and how they should be
handled in different situations.
CHEMTREC® - The Chemical Transportation Emergency
Center is a public service hotline for fire fighters, law enforce-
ment, and other emergency responders. It also helps shippers of
hazardous materials to comply with the U.S. Department of
Transportation Hazardous Materials regulations. Callers have
immediate access to technical information, including what sort
of initial action is required to mitigate an incident. Information
is available 24-hours a day, including interpreters for non-English
speakers. The toll-free number is (800) 424-9300, with no
charge to an emergency responder. CHEMTREC maintains a
large database and offers access to product specialists, chemists,
and other experts. It also assists physicians and other medical
specialists with treatment information.
-------
CAMEO® - Computer Aided Management of Emergency
Operations was developed by the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and EPA to assist front-
line chemical emergency planners and responders in accessing,
storing and evaluating information critical to developing emer-
gency management plans and managing emergency incidents.
The CAMEO suite of programs (CAMEO, ALOHA and
MARPLOT) integrates a chemical database and a method to
manage locally collected data (CAMEO), an air dispersion mod-
el (ALOHA) and mapping capability (MARPLOT). All mod-
ules work interactively to share and display critical information
in a timely fashion. The CAMEO system is available for
Macintosh and Windows formats and a Spanish language version
was added to support U.S.-Mexico border region emergency
planning and response.
Properly disposing of hazardous waste is essential if border
communities are to remain safe, and if industry is to continue
remaining in compliance with U.S. and Mexican law. Though
maquiladora managers continue to work toward responsible
management practices, the requirements for waste characteriza-
tion and final disposition are many and complicated. For exam-
ple, full compliance entails meeting U.S. federal requirements,
Mexican federal requirements, U.S. state requirements, and, if
they exist, Mexican state requirements. The result can be confu-
sion over how to fully comply with the law. Given these circum-
stances, it is not entirely surprising that some maquiladoras
improperly dispose of their waste in Mexico, transport waste
from California/Baja to Yuma/San Luis communities to avoid
more stringent hazardous waste requirements in California, or
illegally dispose of it in the United States.
For the most part, maquiladoras are required to return any
waste generated from U.S. materials back to the United States.
The generator loses title of the waste to the transporter when it is
returned to the U.S., which also generates confusion. However,
an exception for returning wastes to the U.S. does exist. If the
waste has been "nationalized," it does not have to be shipped
back over the border. Maquiladoras have the option of petition-
ing the Mexican federal government for permission to national-
ize their waste. If approved, the final disposition of that waste
can take place in Mexico. Because the requirements are many
and complicated, nationalization of the waste in Mexico can be
very attractive. In reality, however, very few companies national-
ize their waste and leave it in Mexico. In order to nationalize the
waste, all of the raw product has to be imported definitely into
Mexico, which can be cost-prohibitive. Nevertheless, concern
remains that because the waste disposal infrastructure in Mexico
is not comparable to what exists in the United States, more waste
remaining in Mexico could also mean greater potential risk.
Better communication and education is needed to enable
the maquiladora industry to responsibly meet its obligations
under binational hazardous waste laws. The U.S. federal govern-
ment can play a key role in this capacity-building process by pro-
viding the human, financial, and technological resources needed
to work with the private sector to appropriately return or dispose
of their waste.
In some cases, hazardous materials along the border may end up in
storage for significant amounts of time.
Photo credit: Esteban Herrera, EPA
llhReprtoftoWNeighteMornenlalBoanl
-------
Current Law onReturning Waste
In Mexico, Mexican hazardous waste gener-
ated from Mexican materials may be stored
indefinitely on-site under current law. However,
if the original materials were U.S. in origin, as is
usually the case for maquiladoras, the hazardous
waste must be shipped back to the United
States. Rules for the mandatory return of haz-
ardous waste generated in Mexican maquilado-
ras (in-bond factories) are found in Mexico's
federal environmental, tax, customs and
maquiladora statutes. Under these statutes, all
hazardous waste arising from materials imported
in-bond (temporarily and without payment of
taxes or duties) into Mexico are considered to
retain the nationality of the original material. The
exception to this rule is that if the waste is nation-
alized, it is considered Mexican even if materials
for assembly originated in the United States.
Therefore, it doesn't have to be returned to the
United States. In addition, though not specifical-
ly referencing maquiladoras, the same mandato-
ry return requirement also is triggered by Annex
III of the La Paz Agreement, which requires the
U.S. to accept wastes that are generated from
raw materials in Mexico, under Art. 153 of their
General Law.
U.S. hazardous waste generators, by con-
trast, cannot store their waste indefinitely on-site.
They must ship their wastes off-site for disposal
within 90, 180, or 270 days of generation,
depending on the type of generator and the vol-
ume of waste generated. If they opt to ship their
waste to Mexico, Article 153 of Mexico's General
Law states that it can only be shipped for recy-
cling.
m INDEFINITE STORAGE:
Significant growth rates, coupled with inadequate hazardous
waste infrastructure, represents a real threat to the border envi-
ronment and public health. Current Mexican law allows genera-
tors of hazardous waste to store waste indefinitely on-site,
meaning that facilities in Mexico may be de facto hazardous waste
storage facilities, with increased risk to public health and safety.
m RECYCLING PRACTICES:
Mexico's National Institute of Ecology (Instituto Nacional de
Ecologia (INE) has instituted a policy that encourages the devel-
opment of recycling capacity which, in turn, has led to an
increase in Mexican hazardous waste recycling facilities. While
recycling is good and should be promoted, there are environmen-
tal implications associated with it, especially if not conducted in
an appropriate manner. As an example, many of the Superfund
sites in the U.S. were the result of inappropriate recycling activi-
ties.
B CURRENT TAX AND DUTY REQUIREMENTS:
The legislative logic in the pre-NAFTA (North American Free
Trade Agreement) period of the U.S.-Mexico relationship con-
sidered all hazardous waste arising from materials imported in-
bond to be temporary; and therefore, not subject to payment of
taxes or duties. This system should be revisited, as the majority of
hazardous materials used in the maquiladora industry are not
subject to duties.
• CROSS-AGENCY COORDINATION:
The interaction among agencies located in the border region
with regulatory responsibilities is of prime importance. This is
especially so at the ports of entry where hazardous wastes are
imported into, or exported out of, the United States. Regarding
compliance assurance with U.S. hazardous waste regulations, the
coordination between die U.S. Customs Service, EPA and the
environmental agencies in the border states is crucial. It is at
these very entry points where hazardous waste manifests are
delivered, and deficiencies could be addressed before cargo con-
tinues into the U.S. interior.
B DIFFERING RESTRICTIONS:
Compliance assurance can be challenging because operating pro-
cedures regarding hazardous waste imports and exports vary from
-------
port to port. For example, one port of entry may have restricted
days and hours in which hazardous materials, including haz-
ardous wastes, are allowed to enter or exit the U.S., but a port of
entry in a neighboring state may not have any restrictions at all.
This opens the possibility of hazardous waste transporters travel-
ing greater distances to take advantage of more favorable policies
at particular ports. The optimal scenario regarding hazardous
waste cargo is an efficient and timely transport route from origin
to its final destination.
• TRACKING SYSTEMS:
In practice, neither U.S. nor Mexican tracking systems wholly
monitor the entire cycle, nor are they harmonized to easily cap-
ture specific shipment information as they flow across borders.
Better coordination, as a direct result of Border XXI activities,
has improved the regulatory understanding of trans-boundary
hazardous waste issues. However, die regulatory uncertainty
arising from the pre-to post-NAFTA treatment of hazardous
waste creates a vacuum in which the possibility of improper han-
dling and disposal of such waste is enhanced.
The border regions capability to safely store hazardous
materials remains a priority and a concern. Under the current
system, Mexican long-haul trucks drive to warehouses just inside
their border where they unload their cargo. There, short-distance
transportation trucks, called drayage trucks, carry the goods
across the border to U.S. warehouses where they are stored until
U.S. trucks pick them up to take them to their final destination.
Often the same warehouses are used to store U.S. goods going to
Mexico.
Statistics on exactly how many storage facilities exist along
the border are insufficient. What is known is that a portion of
the goods being stored are hazardous materials, including haz-
ardous waste. Also known is that in some cases, these materials
may end up being stored for significant amounts of time.
Moreover, although the Department of Transportation (DOT)
and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in
the United States have strict rules about storage and training,
warehouses may not always be designed for the storage of such
materials, nor are the employees always adequately trained to
handle them.
Time limits for storage in Mexico are not as restrictive as
those in the United States, thus potentially enabling long-term
storage at generating facilities such as maquiladoras. In theory,
complete inventories of hazardous waste could be abandoned at
facilities. There is no Mexican counterpart to Superfund, and
any such abandonment must meet the criterion of "imminent
and substantial threat to human health or the environment"
(implied, but not specified, U.S. human health and environ-
ment) for the U.S. Superfund remediation tools to help.
LAREDO, TEXAS: A CASE IN POINT
The impact of the NAFTA transportation boom and its
ramifications for the border-regions storage facility infrastructure
can perhaps be seen most clearly in Laredo, Texas. In 2001,
Laredo was estimated to have some 2,000 warehouses, adding an
average of 800,000-1,000,000 square feet of warehouse space per
month.
Because of concerns for the storage and handling of haz-
ardous materials in the growing number of warehouses around
the city, Laredo took action to address this issue enacting
Ordinance 97-332 in 1997. Under this ordinance, Laredo per-
mits and inspects warehouses for compliance with hazardous
materials guidelines which originate from all relevant state and
federal agencies. An inspection of 216 warehouses in 2000 con-
ducted by a joint local/state/federal task force found 32 violations
in hazardous materials storage and management, illustrating the
need for additional compliance assistance. Groups such as die
Laredo Development Foundation are working to improve the sit-
uation. The Foundation provides quarterly training to employees
of warehouses to comply with hazardous materials management
requirements. In addition, Laredo has changed its zoning ordi-
nance so that new warehouses can only be built in areas of the city
along main traffic arteries. The community is to be commended
for its efforts to take innovative approaches to address the
demand for additional storage facilities.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• TARGET RESOURCES.
Direct federal resources to assist local communities with capacity
development. Capacity development should include training in
the areas of hazardous materials storage, the import/export of
hazardous materials and wastes, simulation exercises, and emer-
gency response. It also should include providing resources for
local emergency response equipment and tools. To adequately
rlfifleploflhetalMg&liorMonienlalBoard
-------
maintain the level of alertness necessary, concerted efforts should
be made to assist on an ongoing basis. Consider the possibility of
setting priorities involving specific locations based on their com-
modities, level of risk, and amount by point of entry.
• PROMOTE INTERACTION AT ALL LEVELS.
Promote the interaction of participating federal agencies with
state and local regulators, particularly when compliance and
enforcement authority lies with the state or local jurisdictions.
Stress cooperative partnerships and a systemic approach, particu-
larly at ports of entry, where initial indications of regulatory com-
pliance can be gauged. Such partnerships also facilitate more
coordinated contingency planning and community assistance in
response to emergencies.
• SUPPORT COMMUNITY CAPACITY-BUILDING AND
PUBLIC EDUCATION.
Provide greater public access to data concerning hazardous mate-
rials and hazardous waste shipments across the border so that
more border residents can join the effort to protect families and
communities. Move forward on implementation of sister city
contingency plans to improve notification systems, leverage
resource allocation and use, and reduce risks. Consider the bene-
fits of extending hazardous materials commodity studies to
encompass larger areas, looking at possible models such as die
study of the Calexico, California area.
RETURN OF HAZARDOUS WASTE
• MAKE RETURNING HAZARDOUS WASTE A TOP
PRIORITY FOR POLICY DISCUSSIONS.
The U.S. EPA and U.S. Trade Representative should identify this
issue as a key matter for discussion in binational negotiations.
• CONDUCT OUTREACH.
Provide more information via seminars, workshops, and odier vehi-
cles to the maquiladora industry on hazardous waste handling and
disposal rules to clarify document and process requirements, and to
enhance compliance with national and binational regulations.
• MAKE OVERSIGHT MECHANISMS MORE
RELIABLE.
Provide additional funding to U.S. border states to increase tech-
nical and enforcement capacity in the identification and tracking
of cross-border hazardous waste traffic.
• STRENGTHEN TRACKING SYSTEM.
Continue to fund the EPA Haztraks database and the counter-
part national database in Mexico. Explore possibilities for merg-
ing these systems to obtain a complete cradle-to-grave picture in
the binational setting.
STORAGE
• SUPPORT EFFORTS TO CREATE AND MAINTAIN
SAFE STORAGE FACILITIES.
Upgrade existing warehouses and build new facilities to accom-
modate increased demand, using a strategic planning approach.
Provide more resources to hire inspectors and enhance their
training.
H ENCOURAGE BINATIONAL DIALOGUE TO
ADDRESS INDEFINITE STORAGE IN MEXICO.
In die spirit of partnership, enable steps to be taken to carry out
remediation work at existing hazardous waste sites of concern in
Mexico. Encourage Mexican authorities to consider making
adjustments to Mexican hazardous waste law so that finite and
enforceable time limits are established for storage at generator
facilities, storage facilities, recycling facilities, and transporter and
treatment facilities.
-------
Gtaaiy of Hazardous Materials Terms
The terms below are defined as they are applied in the United States. Note that Mexico has its own definition
of terms such as hazardous waste.
Hazardous chemical Includes any hazardous material that requires a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Hazard
Communication Standard. This includes all chemicals listed: by OSHA with a permissi-
ble exposure limit (PEL); by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH) with a threshold limit value (TLV); those listed in the National
Toxicology Program Annual Report on Carcinogens; or those found to be a potential
carcinogen in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs, or
by OSHA. Hazardous waste is not intended to be a hazardous chemical.
Hazardous material Under U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) rules, a substance or material that has
been determined to be capable of posing unreasonable risk to health, safety, and
property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. The
term includes hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, elevated-
temperature materials, materials designated as hazardous under Title 49 of the Code
of Federal Regulations, Part 171.101 (49 CFR 171.101), and materials that meet the
defining criteria for hazard classes and divisions in 49 CFR 173.
Hazardous substance Elements, compounds, mixtures, solutions and substances, that when released into
the environment may present substantial danger to public health and welfare or the
environment. The term includes substances listed in 40 CFR 302.4. Covered under
the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA), also known as Superfund. Note also that extremely hazardous substances
are a set of chemicals subject to reporting, because they could cause death or irre-
versible damage after relatively short exposure to small amounts, generally in air.
Covered under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA).
Hazardous waste
Solid waste
Toxic waste
Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), and defined in 40 CFR
261, a solid waste that, because of quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or
infectious characteristics (a) causes, or significantly increases mortality or serious irre-
versible or incapacitating reversible illness; or (b) poses a substantial present or poten-
tial hazard to human health or the environment when improperly managed. A
hazardous material can be a hazardous waste if it meets the criteria and/or definitions
set forth under the implementing regulations for RCRA. To be a hazardous waste, a
waste must first meet the definition of a solid waste. It should be noted that Mexico
has a different definition of hazardous waste, and that some RCRA hazardous wastes, if
intended for recycling, fall out of the regulatory framework.
As defined by RCRA, any garbage, refuse, sludge, and other discarded material,
including, solids, semi-solids, liquids, and contained gases.
Any hazardous waste that meets EPA's criteria for toxicity, which is based on the toxic
properties of eight metals and 32 organic compounds.-
fiiReportofllieCoodNeighliorEnifiromenlalfioard
-------
Transportation Safety Requirements
The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is responsible for issuing and
enforcing federal regulations to ensure the safe transportation of hazardous materi-
als. These regulations (49 CFR 100-800) address two broad requirements: contain-
ment and hazard communication. Containment rules establish a packaging system
to ensure hazardous materials are packaged in containers strong enough to with-
stand the rigors of transportation without leakage. Communication rules define a
system to inform regulated entities, emergency responders, and the public about the
hazards associated with these materials in transit. They include package marking and
labeling, vehicle placarding, and providing emergency response telephone numbers
and information with the shipment.
To enhance safety, these rules also specify training requirements for persons
offering or transporting hazardous materials in commerce. In the event of an inci-
dent, carriers are required to provide reports to DOT. For serious incidents, a tele-
phonic report is required to the Department's National Response Center, followed by
a written report. For less serious releases, a written report must be submitted.
™*^fl^^§8^^S^^^^Bf'I
MReportoftheGflodaeighhocMomeiMBflard
-------
-------
Fifth Report of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board
to the President and Congress
of the United States
The recommendations in this Fifth Report to the President and Congress, to
improve air quality, strategically manage water resources, and encourage safe
handling of hazardous materials, can be fully enacted only if the underlying envi-
ronmental infrastructure is sound. In turn, sound environmental infrastructure is a
prerequisite for healthy border communities, a goal that must remain at the top
of the national policy agenda.
The issue of water quality provides one of the most potent examples of the link between
the regions environmental infrastructure and the health of its inhabitants. Existing public
infrastructures including water systems, sewage systems, and solid waste and wastewater treat-
ment facilities, have been unable to sustain the rapidly growing border populations. A num-
ber of border residents continue to be exposed to untreated and contaminated water,
increasing their risk of adverse health effects and disease. For instance, 13 percent of Texass
colonias population is without adequate plumbing, compared to the national average of five
percent (Bruhn, J.G. & Brandon, J.E., 1997). The increasing number of maquiladoras also
strains existing wastewater and solid waste infrastructures, particularly in terms of industrial
wastes.
Health statistics bear out the claim that there is a negative fall-out from this lack of water
infrastructure. One such example is hepatitis A, a disease transmitted by water and sewage.
The hepatitis A rate in the U.S. border region in recent years of 25.2 per 100,000 is nearly
three times the national rate of 8.6. In Mexico, the incidence of hepatitis A is also higher in
the border region than the entire country, at 27 versus 19.6 per 100,000 (U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services).
-------
Air pollution along the border also provides a strong case in
point for the link between environmental infrastructure and
health. In addition, the links between particular sources of air
pollution and health problems underlines the need for a closer
working relationship among policymakers from the transporta-
tion, energy, and environmental sectors.
Particular border communities have particular air pollution
and resulting health problems. For example, during the colder
months, air quality in the El Paso-Ciudad Judrez air shed worsens
from a variety of sources. Contributors include vehicular exhaust
at congested international crossing points, unpaved roads, open
fires and the emissions from many of the industrial plants in the
vicinity (Blackman and Bannister, 1998). In addition, many
border residents in the area live in substandard housing and use
whatever fuels they can obtain to keep their homes warm.
Generally, these materials are of poor quality, such as sawdust or
scrap wood that may have been chemically treated. As a result,
the pollutant-laden smoke produced from these fuels contributes
to die overall air pollution levels and is more likely to have
adverse health effects on children.
One of the health problems of greatest concern is asthma.
Asthma is die most common cause of childhood hospitalization
in the U.S. And aldiough it is difficult to obtain comprehensive
asthma prevalence data for the U.S.-Mexico border region, its
presence as a serious health problem is undeniable. For instance,
a study of childhood asdima hospitalizations from 1983 to 1994
revealed that Imperial County, California, had asthma-related
hospitalization rates that were, on average, two to three times
higher than die rest of the country. Significantly, during the
study period, maximum ozone levels in the region increased by
(34 percent, and PM^g levels exceeded the state and national air
quality standards every year, except 1987 and 1992.
Air pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter can exac-
erbate asdima and other respiratory conditions, leading to
increased use of medication and more doctor visits. Ozone expo-
sure can also lead to increased susceptibility to respiratory infec-
tions and inflammation and damage to the lining of the lungs.
Exposure to soot and dust, commonly referred to as particulate
matter, is associated widi serious health effects, including prema-
ture death from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as the
fine particles can be permanently lodged in the lungs.
Additionally, exposure to carbon monoxide is a risk for individu-
als suffering from cardiovascular diseases and elevated levels are
associated with reduced work capacity, lethargy, and visual
impairment.
Power plant emissions have the potential to create several
types of health problems resulting from poor air quality. Oxides
of nitrogen (NOX ) constitute one of the principal power plant
emissions of concern due to its role in ozone formation. NOX
combines with volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmos-
phere to form ozone, the main component of smog. Short-term
exposure to high ozone levels can cause acute respiratory prob-
lems, and long-term exposure can cause lung damage. Ozone is
also an irritant that facilitates lung damage by other pollutants
such as sulfur dioxide and PMjQ NOX also contributes to the
formation of PMjQ, which is associated with asthma attacks,
increased susceptibility to respiratory infections, lung damage,
premature death, and possibly cancer. Exposure to NOX itself,
even at low to moderate concentrations, can affect lung function
of healthy individuals and can cause asthma attacks.
Uncontrolled, a power plant can also emit significant amounts of
carbon monoxide (CO), which also may be of concern.
Studies of other individual border communities further
demonstrate the air quality/public health connection. For
instance, a recent study of acute pediatric respiratory illness in
the El Paso de Norte air shed found that the daily number of
asthma related emergency room visits in children aged one to 17
years was associated with ambient PMjQ concentrations
("Ambient Air Quality and Acute Pediatric Respiratory Illness in
the Paso del Norte Air shed", Vanderslice, J. et. Al. 1998.)
Moreover, in sister cities Ambos Nogales, an extensive bina-
tional study of air quality included a binational risk assessment.
Findings showed that typical exposure to PMjQ in those com-
munities could potentially increase asthma episodes and adverse
respiratory effects by as much as eight percent on both sides of
the border. Also reported was an increase in the rate of prema-
ture death from cardiovascular and respiratory causes by as much
as four percent and 11 percent, respectively. These rate increases
correspond to five premature deaths in Nogales, Arizona and 42
in Nogales, Sonora every year ("Ambos Nogales Binational Air
Quality Study - Citizen's Summary", by the Arizona Department
of Environmental Quality, 1999).
During 2001, several health-related initiatives that offer
great promise made their presence known on the binational and
national policy-making scene. The first, the establishment of a
U.S.-Mexico Border Health Commission, bodes very well for
binational cooperation and partnerships around health issues.
Fifth Report ofUieGflodNeighlHirEnviroimentalBflaid
-------
Incidentally, establishment of such a commission was among the
former recommendations made by this Board. The Board looks
forward to working with the Commission as it sets its health
agenda for the border region. It commends the Commission for
its decision to develop measurable environmental healdi targets
for the border under its "Healthy Border 2010" Program.
The other initiative that deserves attention is the
Presidential Task Force on Children's Environmental Health and
Safety, which is co-chaired by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Administrator Christine Whitman and the
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Secretary,
Tommy Thompson. The Task Force met for the first time on
October 24, 2001 and includes 14 other Cabinet departments
and White House agencies. Among its responsibilities will be to
coordinate and oversee ongoing federal research projects that
investigate die causes of childhood asthma. It also will oversee
monitoring efforts at the regional, state, and local levels.
Ongoing federal efforts to address childhood asthma include
an "Action Against Asthma" strategic plan developed by DHHS.
One component of the plan is to eliminate the disproportionate
health burden of asthma in minority populations and those liv-
ing in poverty.
The border region's
environmental
infrastructure and
the health of its
inhabitants are
undeniably linked.
-------
IiuMuctiire and Institutions:
BECCandNADBank
Good community health depends upon a strong local environmental infrastructure. In the same way, local
infrastructure remains strong only if policies make infrastructure a priority and if institutions are in place to carry
out that priority.
For the border region, two of the most critical environmental infrastructure institutions in existence are the
Border Environmental Cooperation Commission (BECC) and North American Development Bank (NADBank).
Created in 1993 through an agreement between the governments of the United States and Mexico as part of
the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), BECC and NADBank have been responsible for the
beginnings of many of the region's infrastructure projects in recent years. During 2001, both institutions came
under intense scrutiny as their activities, and even their underlying missions, were reinspected.
In the view of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board, both of these institutions deserve continued sup-
port from the highest levels of government. Specifically, the Board recommends the following actions be taken
to maximize the utility of BECC and NADBank:
1) Continue to support BECC and NADBank as independent, sister institutions but improve their singular effec-
tiveness and their collective ability to support infrastructure development. Do not combine the boards, but
instead, consider developing an integrated subset of the two boards to jointly resolve common issues and
strengthen progress. For both institutions, strengthen strategic planning to address future border-region
growth. Maintain the involvement of EPA, Mexican Ministry of the Environmental and Natural Resources
(SEMARNAT), and the International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC).
2} For the BECC, maintain public input as a critical factor in the approval process. Continue to focus on techni-
cal assistance, which is highly valued by small communities in particular, and ensure that technical assistance
continues beyond the certification phase through project completion and operation. Clarify and communi-
cate BECC policies and procedures so that communities clearly understand every step in the certification
and construction process, and can proceed with less dependence on staff.
3) For the NADBank, encourage policies and procedures that will make it more service-oriented and responsive
to communities. Put more resources into outright grants, repayable grants, and low-interest loans so that
NADBank loans are more affordable to the economically- disadvantaged communities it was designed to
serve. Ensure that grants and loans are processed within a reasonable and specific time frame. Ensure that
NADBank more effectively leverages additional funding as part of the community development process.
| treatment, and distribution; wastewater collection,
j treatment, and disposal; solid and hazardous waste
handling, storage, and safe elimination; and air quality
(Source: Southwest Center for Environmental Research and Policy (SCERR),
Border Institute II Rio Rico Report, April 2000.) ;
-------
Fifth Report of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board
to the President and Congress
of the United States
Meetings
Good Neighbor Environmental Board (the Board) held three public meetings
along the U.S.-Mexico border during 2001, all of which were organized around a
particular environmental theme. Each included presentations from speakers,
informative public comment sessions, an update from the Board's counterpart
advisory group to the Mexican Ministry of the Environmental and Natural
Resources (SEMARNAT); a business meeting component; and an optional field
trip to learn more about local environmental issues. (In addition, the Board also
held a Strategic Planning Workshop early in the year to assess its progress and set
its goals for year.)
Summaries of the three border-region meetings follow:
The first meeting was held in Yuma, Arizona, from March 21-22 at the Shilo Inn and
Conference Center. The theme for this meeting was pesticides. The meeting opened with a
welcome from Marilyn Young, the Mayor of Yuma. Other public attendees and speakers
included representatives from the following: Cocopah and Quechan tribes and the Intertribal
Council of Arizona; a binational university consortium, Southwest Center for Environmental
and Research Development (SCERP); Arizona Department of Environmental Quality and the
Department of Agriculture; EPA's Region 9 Office; Yuma County Long Range Planning;
Yuma County Water Users Association; the U.S. Geological Survey; University of Arizona; a
non-governmental health organization called Puentes de Amistad; Yuma Area Agricultural
Council; Gowan Company; the Binational Health Commission; North American
Development Bank (NADBank); and other interested members of the public and organiza-
tions. Media coverage included spots on the evening news of local stations Channel 11
KYMA and Channel 13 KSWT, as well as a newspaper article in the Yuma Daily Sun.
-------
Board members benefit from the public input they receive during meet-
ings along the border.
Photo credit: Geraldine Brown, EPA.
The second meeting, with water as its theme, took place in San Diego, California, from
July 25-26 at the Horton Grand Hotel. It began with an official welcome from Rudy
Fernandez of the Mayor of San Diego's office, followed by speakers from the following institu-
tions: City of San Diego Technical Services Division; State of Baja California Department of
Ecology; Border Environmental Cooperation Commission (BECC); NADBank; SCERP; and
U.S. EPA's border program. Local officials, including Assemblyman Juan Vargas and
Congressman Bob Filner, sent representatives, and the Director of the California Governors
Office for CA-MX Affairs attended. Other attendees included representatives from the non-
profit and private sectors. One of the outcomes of the meeting was a letter from the Chair and
the Board to the U.S. President and Congress requesting that the Board be involved in discus-
sions about potential changes to BECC and NADBank The Los Angeles Times published an
article on the meeting and the letter.
The third and last Good Neighbor meeting along the border during 2001 took place in
Laredo, Texas on October 10-11, 2001. This meeting had two themes: transportation, and
rural issues. It was dedicated to the memory of former Board member Linda Smith, who trag-
ically died on August 24, 2001. The first day began with greetings from Eliseo Valdez, Jr.,
Mayor Pro Tempore of District 5 of Laredo. Then, a series of speakers addressed local envi-
ronmental issues such as truck crossings at the local international bridges, emergency pre-
paredness, warehouse storage of hazardous materials, and conservation-based uses of ranching
and grazing land in the area. Organizations represented as speakers or attendees included the
following: Rio Bravo RC&D Council, Center for Grazing Lands and Ranch Management,
Texas-Mexico Border Community-Based Organization, Laredo Local Emergency
Preparedness Committee (LEPC), EPA Region 6 Office, Texas Department of Transportation,
Administrator for the Kickapoo Tribe, National "Wildlife Federation, and others. During the
afternoon, the Board hosted a special public comment session devoted exclusively to obtaining
public input on the roles of BECC and NADBank. The meeting received news coverage from
two local television stations, one called Univision and the other a local affiliate of NBC News.
Fifth Report oflteGoodNeigltaMomenlalBoanl
-------
Fifth Report of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board
to the President and Congress
of the United States
In addition to preparing its Fifth
Report to the President and
Congress, the Board also issued
a series of comment letters during
2001 on several key border-region
topics.
The text of these letters follows:
-------
Topics BECC and. NJJPBank
(To Border Environmental Cooperation Commission [BECCJ/North American Developlment Bank [NADBank] re mandate expansion)
April 25,2001
Mr. Donald Hobbs, BECC General Counsel, P.O. Box 221648, El Paso, TX 79913
Dear Mr, Hobbs,
The Good Neighbor Environmental Board thanks you once again for the opportunity to provide ideas on potential pilot projects in
the new areas included under BECC and NADB's expanded mandate.
We discussed your invitation to comment during our recent meeting in Yuma, Arizona, on March 21-22. After careful deliberation,
the Board decided that it was not currently in a position to submit specific pilot project recommendations without first gaining a clearer
understanding of the following issues:
• We understand that the primary purpose of the mandate expansion is to develop environmental projects in which NADB financing
at non-subsidized rates would be viable. Given that there already is a waiting list for project development funding, how would fund-
ing for these pilot projects be handled? What, if any, would the effects be on the existing pool?
• Will technical assistance to communities be provided in-house? If not, would BECC/NADB be willing to reimburse other techni-
cal assistance entities or provide funds to communities (as it does in some other cases) to obtain their own assistance?
• Will expanded mandate activities be carried out with the same transparency as prescribed for other portions of the program? We
presume die answer is yes, but please confirm.
• How would pilot project funding and operations relate to the 501 (c) (3) North American Development Foundation?
The Board would gready appreciate a response to its questions. We look forward to your response.
Sincerely,
Judidi M. Espinosa, Chair
cc Raul Rodriguez, NADB Managing Director
(To President Bush requesting involvement in BECC/NADBank Discussion}.
July 26,2001
The President, The Vice President, The Speaker of the House
Re: Border Environmental Cooperation Commission (BECC) and North American Development Bank (NADBank) Strategic
Objectives
Dear Mr. President,
As your advisory board on border environmental and infrastructure issues, we request to be included in the current consultative
process related to die future structure and direction of the BECC arid NADBank.
It has come to our attention that your administration and that of Mexico's President Fox are now actively considering proposals as to
both the form and substance of these border organizations in anticipation of the Binational Commission meeting on September 4 and
die State visit on September 5.
FilReportoflheGoodNeighborMoDinentalBoard 54
-------
"We understand your interest in enhancing the performance of the organizations and in discussing substantive proposals with
President Fox. For this reason, we recommend that you incorporate the following in your policy discussions:
• Ensure public participation by border community representatives in the consultative process related to any proposed restructuring,
reorganization or refocusing of the BECC and NAD Bank.
• Maintain the integrity of the original mission, intent, and objectives of these organizations.
While we support improvements in project planning and financing along the border, significant infrastructural needs remain that
may rely on the assistance and support of the BECC and NAD Bank. In addition, the public participation in border environmental and
development projects is of great importance for the quality of life of the 12,000,000 residents in these communities.
For these reasons, we respectfully request the opportunity to review the proposals and assist you in achieving the above objectives.
Sincerely, - • :
Judith M. Espinosa, Chair
(Input to Emotional Working Group charged with providing Presidents Bush and Fox advice on BECC and NADBank)
October 26, 2001
Binational Working Group, c/o Marico Sayoc, US Environmental Protection Agency ,1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC
20460
Dear Representatives of the Environmental Protection Agency, the State Department, and the Department of Treasury,
The Good Neighbor Environmental Board (GNEB) commends the Bush Administration for conducting public comment sessions
on how to strengthen the Border Environmental Cooperation Commission (BECC) and the North American Development Bank
(NADBank). Public input is critical to an open evaluation process. As you may know, GNEB co-hosted one of these special sessions
during our October 10, 2001 meeting in Laredo, Texas. Officials from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the State
Department, and Treasury were present to hear the input on behalf of the binational working group charged with reporting back to
Presidents Bush and Fox by October 31st.
The Board also wishes to provide its own input into the public comment process. In its capacity as a federal advisory board that
makes recommendations to President Bush and Congress on environmental infrastructure and sustainable development issues along the
U.S. border with Mexico, the Board* recommends that the following steps be taken to strengthen BECC and NADBank performance:
1. Continue to support BECC and NADBank as independent, sister institutions but improve their singular effectiveness and their col-
lective ability to support infrastructure development. Do not combine boards for the two institutions. Instead, consider developing
an integrated subset of the two boards to jointly resolve common issues and strengthen progress. For both institutions, strengthen
strategic planning to address future border-region growth. Maintain the involvement of EPA, SEMARNAT, and die IBWC.
2. For the BECC, maintain public input as a critical factor in the approval process. Continue to focus on technical assistance, which is
highly valued by small communities in particular, and ensure that technical assistance continues beyond the certification phase
through project completion and operation. Clarify and communicate BECC policies and procedures so that communities clearly
understand every step in the certification and construction process and can proceed with less dependence on staff.
-------
3. For die NADBank, encourage policies and procedures that will make it more service-oriented and responsive to communities. Put
more resources into outright grants, repayable grants, and low-interest loans so that NADBank loans are more affordable to the eco-
nomically- disadvantaged communities it was designed to serve. Ensure that grants and loans are processed within a reasonable and
specific time frame. Ensure that NADBank more effectively leverages additional funding as part of the community development
process.
Finally, on a more general note, we understand that the deadline for the public comment period is October 31st. We are concerned
about creating such a short time frame to determine the future of two of die most pivotal border institutions. We encourage you to
extend die deadline for public input. More time is needed to fully develop a strategic approach that reflects full public input and maxi-
mizes die effectiveness of BECC and NAJDBank.
Should you have any questions or need additional information, please contact either myself, the Chair of die Board, or Elaine
Koerner, who serves as die Board's Designated Federal Officer. Our contact details are above.
Sincerely,
Judith M. Espinosa, Chair
Topic; Border Environmental Iitfyastructnye Fund (BEIF)
March 28,2001
The President, The Vice-President, The Speaker of the House
The White House, Washington, DC 20500
RE: Budget Appropriation for die Border Environment Infrastructure Fund (BEIF)
Dear Mr. President:
The Good Neighbor Environmental Board strongly urges die appropriation of a specific budget line item of $100 million for the U.S.
Environmental Protecdon Agency's (EPA) Border Environment Infrastructure Fund (BEIF) in the federal budget for fiscal year 2002.
U.S./Mcxico Border Environmental Infrastructure Needs and the BEIP Program
The Border Environment Infrastructure Fund (BEIF) is an EPA-funded North American Development Bank (NADB) program. This pro-
gram is designed to make environmental infrastructure projects affordable for communities diroughout the U.S.-Mexico border region by com-
bining grant funds provided by EPA with loans or guaranties for projects diat would odierwise be financially unfeasible. Environmental
infrastructure projects considered for funding by die NADB must be certified by its sister organization, the Border Environment Cooperation
Commission (BECC). Both of diese institutions were created under NAFTA specifically to help address the environmental infrastructure defi-
ciencies in die U.S.-Mexico border region.
Originally envisioned as a seven-year program with $ 100 million appropriated in grants each year, the BEIF has been considerably reduced
in die past diree years. For fiscal year 1999, the BEIF allocation was $75 million. It was $50 million for fiscal years 2000 and 2001.
This decrease in EPA BEIF appropriations is in direct contrast to the increase in funding needs for environmental infrastructure: NADB
projections for environmental infrastructure funding needs were $192.1 million for 1999, $213.6 million for 2000 and $739.2 for years 2001-
2003. Of diese overall projections, NADB estimates that for the period covering 1999-2003, grant funding needs from BEIF will exceed $560
million, and at least anodier $500 million for the period covering 2004-2009, with total project costs estimated to exceed $1 billion during this
second five-year period. In summary, these needs far exceed the amount of funds diat have been allocated for the BEIF program in recent years.
RtlliRepflrtofllieGflfldNeighlorEiivirflnmenlalBoari
56
-------
Role of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board
The Good Neighborhood Environmental Board (GNEB) is a federal advisory committee created to advise the President and the
Congress about environmental and infrastructure issues and needs within the states contiguous to Mexico. It was created by the Enterprise
for the Americas Initiative Act of 1992 (EAIA) (7 U.S. Code Section 5404). Board membership includes representatives from federal agen-
cies; the state governments of Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas; the business sector; the tribal sector; and community develop-
ment, academic, health, environmental, and other non-governmental entities. A Presidential Executive Order delegates implementation
authority to the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The GNEB operates under the Federal Advisory
Committee Act (FACA) and meets three times annually at locations along the U.S./Mexico border.
Conclusion .
The Good Neighbor Environmental Board strongly recommends that a specific budget line item of $100 million be appropriated for
the EPA BEIF grant program. It puts forward this recommendation in its capacity as advisor to the President and Congress on environmen-
tal and infrastructure needs for the U.S./Mexico border region.
The Board urges this step be taken because of the diminishing funding sources allocated to address these needs. Though such an
appropriation would not address all of the environmental infrastructure needs, it certainly would assist in mitigating continued degradation
of the environmental conditions within the region. These improvements are vital to the quality-of-life conditions that promote sustain-
able development in an increasing populated region that is the heart of economic trade between the U.S. and Mexico.
The Board appreciates the opportunity to offer this funding recommendation and looks forward to a response. GNEB welcomes
ongoing dialogue on the implementation process for the appropriation of funds for the BEIF program and related issues.
Respectfully yours, .
Judith M. Espinosa, Chair '.
cc: Christine "Whitman, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
John Howard, President's Council on Environmental Quality; Senators, States of Arizona, California, New Mexico, and Texas
Chair, Border Governors' Association; Chair, Western Governor's Association; Chair, Hispanic Congressional Caucus Chair
Chair, Border Trade Alliance Environment Committee; Chair and Members, Congressional Border Caucus; Chair, Senate
Appropriations Subcommittee on VA, HUD, & Independent Agencies; Chair, House Appropriations Subcommittee on VA, HUD, &
Independent Agencies
Topic: Coimterpart Mexican Advisory Croup
(To Secretary Lichtinger supporting proposed reconstitution ofConsejo)
May 21, 2001
Honorable Victor Lichtinger, Secretario del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Lateral del Anillo Perferico Sur
4209 Sexto Pisa, FracionaLtnente Jardines en La Montana, Mexico, DF 14210
Estimado Secretario Lichtinger:
It is with pleasure that I write to you on behalf of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board (GNEB), a federal advisory committee
-------
created to counsel the U.S. President and Congress on sustainable environmental and infrastructure needs along the US/Mexico border.
Since 1997, the GNEB has been actively engaged in dialogue and coordination efforts widi our Mexican counterpart, Consejo
Nacional Ascsorfa para el Desarrollo Sustenable de la Regi6n I. This has been a productive relationship thanks to members on both
councils. In particular, Sefior Oscar Romo, has served as the primary Consejo liaison with GNEB over the years and a chief proponent
of collaborative efforts.
GNEB understands that you may be reconstituting the Consejo with new membership and policy direction under your leadership.
At our last meeting in March 2001, the GNEB members discussed our enthusiasm for continuing collaborative efforts with such a new-
ly organized Consejo under President Fox' administration. GNEB finds it valuable to continue environmentally sustainable cooperative
efforts with our counterparts in Mexico.
The next meeting of GNEB is in San Diego the last week in July. We would welcome a visit from your appointed liaison and would
provide lime at the meeting to discuss future activities.
I look forward to a productive discourse with your office and newly appointed Consejo. I thank you for your continuing support
for collaborative efforts to achieve sustainable development along our borderlands.
Sincerely,
Judith M. Espinosa, Chair
(Follow-up to Secretary Lichtinger expressing appreciation for reconstituting Consejo)
November 16,2001
Honorable Victor Lichtinger, Secretario del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Lateral del Anillo Perferico Sur, 4209 Sexto Pisa,
Fracionalmente Jardines en La Montana, Mexico, DF 14210
Hscimado Secretario Lichtinger:
It is with pleasure that I write to you on behalf of the Good Neighbor Environmental Board (GNEB), a federal advisory committee
created to counsel the U.S. President and Congress on sustainable environmental and infrastructure needs along the US/Mexico border.
Since 1997, the GNEB has been actively engaged in dialogue and coordination efforts with our Mexican counterpart, Consejo
Nacional Asesoria para el Desarrollo Sustenable de la Region I. This has been a productive relationship thanks to members on both
Councils. GNEB would like to thank you for reconstituting the Consejo with new membership and policy direction under your leader-
ship. Sr. Oscar Romo provided an update at our last meeting hi Laredo/Nuevo Laredo indicating that the newly established entity is the
Consejo Consultivo para el Desarrollo Sustenable de la Frontera Norte. Sr. Romo provided us with an overview of the Consejo and other
policies which you have begun to institute for the Frontera Norte. GNEB members discussed our enthusiasm for continuing collabora-
tive efforts with the newly organized Consejo in order to promote environmentally sound and sustainable development activities.
GNEB is planning to have a joint meeting with the Consejo in Ciudad Juarez next year in May 2002. We would welcome a visit
from you and your appointed liaison(s) to discuss Mexico's vision for US/Mexico border sustainable development efforts. We will work
with your Consejo liaison to develop a progressive agenda. GNEB looks forward to continued productive discourse with your office and
the newly appointed Consejo members.
I thank you for your continuing support for collaborative efforts to achieve sustainable development along our borderlands.
Sincerely,
Judith M. Espinosa, Chair
-------
CHAIR
Judith M. Espinosa
Director, ATR Institute
University of New Mexico.
1001 University Blvd. Suite 103
Albuquerque, NM 87106
505-246-6410; 505-246-6001 fax
email: imesoino@unm.edu
NONGOVERNMENTAL. STATE. LOCAL. TRIBAL
MEMBERS
Larry Allen
Board of Directors
Malpai Borderlands Group
13004 North Pioneer Way
Oro Valley, AZ 85737
(520) 575-9869; (925) 666-2227 fax
email: Larry9869@msn.com
Diana Borja
Director, Border Affairs (MC 121)
Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission
P.O. Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711-3077
512-239-3603; 512-239-3515 fax
email: dborja@tnrcc.state.tx.us
Jose Bravo
Director, Border Campaign
Southwest Network for Environmental and Economic
Justice (hdquarted in NM)
(home office)
1066LarwoodRd.
San Diego, CA
619-697-9441
email: Tonali@pacbell.net
Karen M. Chapman
Texas Center for Policy Studies
44 East Avenue Suite 306
Austin, TX 78701
(512) 474-0811; (512) 474-7846 fax
email: kc@texascenter. ore
Gedi Cibas, Ph. D.
Manager, Border Programs
New Mexico Environment Department
1190 St. Francis Drive, P.O. Box 26110
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87502-6110
(505) 827-2176; (505) 827-2836 fax
email: Gedi Cibas@nmenv.state.nm.us
Irasema Coronado, Ph.D.
Department of Political Science
University of Texas- El Paso
El Paso, Texas 79968
915_747-7980 (office) 5227 (dept); 5400 fax
email: icoronado@utep.edu
Placido dos Santos
Border Environmental Manager
Arizona Dept. of Environmental Quality
400 W. Congress Street, Suite 521
Tucson, AZ 85701
520-628-6744; 520-770-3540 fax
email: dossantos.placido@ev.state.az.us
William G. Fry
Vice President
Quality Assurance & Environmental Affairs
H-E-B Grocery Company
4839 Space Center Drive
San Antonio, TX 78218
(210) 938-5420; (210) 938-5038 fax
email: fry.bill@heb.com
Jennifer L. Kraus
Principal >
Global Environmental Consulting Company
11502 Alborada Drive
San Diego, CA 92127
858-674-9686; 858-674-9697 fax
email: i kraus@gecco-inc.com
-------
Susan Kunz
802 N. Longfellow
Tucson AZ 85711
520-325-6392 (phone and fax)
email: skunz54@aol.com
Jerry Paz
Corporate Vice-President
Molzen-Corbin & Associates, P.A.
880 S. Telshor, Suite 220
LasCruces,NM88011
505-522-0049; 505-522-7884 fax
email: jpa7.@molzencorbin.com
Dale Phillips
Vice Chair
Cocopah Tribe
County 15 and Avenue G
Somerton, AZ 85350
520-627-2102; 520-627-3173 fax
email: dalephillips 85350@yahoo.com
Ed Ranger
President
LexRadar, Inc.
824 South Mill Avenue, Suite 304
Tempe.AZ 85281
480/784-6886; 603/971-1784 fax
email: edranger@lexradar.com
Diane Rose
Mayor
City of Imperial Beach
825 Imperial Beach Boulevard
California 91932
(619) 423-8303; (619) 429-9770 fax
email:dianehomeloans@yahoo.com
Nancy H. Sutley
Deputy Sec. For Policy and Intergovernmental Relations
California Environmental Protection Agency
100II. St. 25th floor
Sacramento, CA95814
916-322-7215; 916-445-6401 fax
Nsutley@calepa.ca.gov
FEDERAL MEMBERS
Gregg Cooke
Regional Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
1445 Ross Avenue, Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
214-665-2100; 214-665-2146 fax
email: cooke.gregg@epa.gov
MJ. Fiocco
Office of Intermodalism
Room 10126 (S-3)
U.S. Department of Transportation
400 Seventh Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20590
202-366-8018; 202-366-0263 fax
email: m.j.fiocco@ost.dot.gov
John Klein
Assistant Regional Hydrologist
U. S. Geological Survey
7801 Folsom Blvd. Suite 325
Sacramento, CA 95826
650-329—5264; 650-329-5286fax
1-888-861-1795—pager
e-mail: imklein@usgs.gov
Dennis Linskey
Office of Mexico Affairs
U.S. Department of State, Room 4258-MS
2201C Street N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20520
202-647-8529; 202-647-5752
e-mail: linskeydm@state.gov
Carlos M. Ramirez
U.S. Commissioner
International Boundary and Water Commission
4171 N. Mesa, Suite C-310
El Paso, TX 79902
915-832-4105; 915-832-4191 fax
email: carlosramirez@ib we.state.gov
Rosendo Trevino III
State Conservationist
Natural Resources Conservation Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
6200 Jefferson Street, Northeast
Albuquerque, NM 87109-3734
505-761-4401; 505-761-4463 fax
email: Rosendo.Trevino@nm.usda.gov
RftliiitlMrtofllieGflodNeiglorMoMenlalBoard
-------
Richard Walling
Director, Office of the Americas
and the Middle East
Office of International and Refugee Health
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Room 18-74, Parklawn Building
Rockville,MD 20857
301-443-4010; 301-443-6288 fax
email: rwalling@osophs.dhhs.gov
DESIGNATED FEDERAL OFFICER
Elaine M. Koerner
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1601 A)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W.
Washington, DC 20004
202-564-1484; 202-501-0661/0656 fax
email: koerner.elaine@epa.gov
RESOURCE SPECIALISTS
(Non-Board members who actively contribute to the work of
the Board)
Federal Agency Alternates
Rafael Guerrero
(works with USDA Member Rosendo Trevino)
Strategic Planner
USDA/NRCS South Central Region
P.O. Box 6459
Ft. Worth, TX 76115-0459
817-509-3292 or 3537; 817-509-3338 fax
email: rguerrer@ftw.nrcs. usda. gov
Benjamin Muskovitz
(works with State Deft. Member Dennis Linskey)
Office of Mexico Affairs
U.S. Department of State, Room 4258-MS
2201 C Street N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20520
202-647-8529; 202-647-5752
e-mail: muskovitzbi@state.gov
Darrin Swartz-Larson
(works with EPA member Gregg Cooke)
El Paso Border Liaison Office
U.S. EPA Region 6
4050 Rio Bravo
Suite 100.
El Paso, TX 79902
915-533-7273; 915-533-2327 fax
email: swartz-larson. darrin@epa. gov
Roberto Ybarra
(works with IBWCMember Carlos Ramirez)
International Boundary and Water Commission
4171 N. Mesa, Suite C-310
El Paso, TX 79902
915-832-4105; 915-832-4191 fax
email: bobybarra@ibwc.state.gov
EPA Regional Office Contacts
Region 9
Michael Montgomery
US-Mexico Border Coordinator
US EPA, Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street (WTR-4)
San Francisco, CA 94105-3901
phone: 415-972-3438; fax: 415-972-3549
email: montgomery.michael@epa.gov
Tomas Torres
Border Liaison Office
U.S. EPA Region 9
610 W. Ash Street, Suite 905
San Diego, CA 92101-3901
619-235-4775; 619-235-4771 fax
email: torres.tomas@epa.gov
Region 6
Gina Weber
US-Mexico Border Coordinator
U.S. EPA Region 6
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
214-668-8188; 214-665-7373 fax
email: weber.gina@epa.gov
Darrin Swartz-Larson (see Alternates)
Roster as of 12/3/01
-------
I KeyBorder-RegionTenns
- Binational Commission (BNC) - Established in 1981 as a forum for regular cabinet-level exchanges between the U.S. and
Mexico. The BNC meeting in 2001 provided a venue for discussing current border issues.
- Border Environmental Cooperation Commission (BECC) - Binational institution that works with border communities to
develop and implement local environmental infrastructure projects such as wastewater treatment plants and solid waste
landfills. Certifies projects that then can be submitted to the North American Development Bank (NADBank) for financing.
Created as a result of the environmental side agreement of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
- Border XXI Program - Binational coordinating mechanism which brought together U.S. and Mexican federal, state, and
tribal agencies to address border environmental and human health issues. The program ran from 1996-2000 and was led
by two national coordinators, one from each country's federal environmental agency. Its goal was to work cooperatively
toward sustainable development through the protection of human health, and the environment, and proper management
of natural resources in both countries. The next binational border program is currently being developed, with discussions
focused on enhanced state and tribal leadership and participation.
-colonias - Unincorporated communities with substandard housing and poor living conditions found along the border,
mostly in Texas and New Mexico. Over 300,000 people in Texas, and 40,000 people in New Mexico live in such settle-
ments. These communities often lack basic public services such as potable water, wastewater collection, solid waste dis-
posal, and paved roads.
- Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) - Tri-national organization - Canada, the United States, and Mexico -
created under the NAFTA environmental side agreement. EPA Administrator Christine Whitman is the U.S. representative
on the Commission's three-member Council. Its mission is to address regional environmental concerns, help prevent trade
and environmental conflicts, and promote the effective enforcement of environmental law.
- Consejo Region 1 - The former Mexican advisory group whose mission was roughly equivalent to that of the Good
Neighbor Environmental Board. Under the current Environment Secretary, Victor Lichtinger, the group is being reconsti-
tuted as the Consejo Consultivo para el Desarrollo Sustenable de la Frontera Norte, the Advisory Council for the
Sustainable Development of the Northern Border.
- International Boundary and Water Commission (IBWC) - IBWC is an independent binational organization responsible
for applying and enforcing binational treaties on boundaries and waters, and resolving conflicts that result from their
implementation. It issues statements called Minutes that describe its current policies.
- maquiladoras - Assembly plants located in Mexico, mostly along the northern Mexican border. Under the typical sce-
nario, materials are exported from a foreign country, primarily the U.S., to these plants, where they are assembled into fin-
ished products and then imported back into the county of origin for sale. The development of the maquiladora industry
largely results from the trading terms agreed upon under NAFTA.
- La Paz Agreement - Agreement for the Protection and Improvement of the Border Area, signed in 1983, by Presidents
Reagan and De la Madid, in La Paz, Mexico. It is the formal foundation for U.S.-Mexican collaborative environmental
efforts, including the current program being developed. It defined the U.S.-Mexico border area as the region extending
100 kilometers on either side of the international boundary, between the U.S. and Mexico.
- North American Development Bank (NADBank) - Established under NAFTA, this border institution's role is to facilitate
financing for the environmental projects that BECC certifies.
- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - Signed by Canada, the United States, and Mexico in 1993, its provi-
sions encourage enhanced trade among the three countries. To build in environmental safeguards, an environmental side
agreement was drawn up that is administered by the CEC, and led to the creation of BECC and NADBank.
• Rio Bravo - The Mexican name for the river known in the U.S. as the Rio Grande River.
- SEMARNAT-The acronym for Mexico's Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources.
- Sister Cities - Pairs of cities that are located across the U.S.-Mexico border from each other, and therefore have many envi-
ronmental issues in common. Examples include San Diego, California and Tijuana, Baja California; Nogales, Arizona and
Nogales, Sonora; and El Paso, Texas and Cuidad Juarez, Chihuahua (which often work in partnership with nearby Las
Cruces in Dona Ana County, New Mexico).
-Ten States - Coalition of state environmental agencies from the four U.S. border and the six Mexican border states:
California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas; and Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, and
Tamaulipas.
Sources: Border Information and Outreach Service (BIOS) Action Kit, January 2001; BECC pamphlet, September 2001; www.epa.gov.
RlReporloflheGflfldNeigtiliflrMonnienialBflard
-------
-------
as ipeajjno pue uoiieuuoju| japjog :saiuanj
JIQOZ ajquiapdas 'dSDOD ap oje|jued fiooz ! uorpv (SO18)
•sed||neuje]_ A 'UOQ-\
JOUOS 'eiujOj.j|B3 efeg A ;sexaj_ A 'oo]xe|A| OAan[\j 'BUOZJJV 'B|UJO.f!|B3 :oD|xe|/\| ap sozua^uoj^ sope;sa
sps soj A sopiun sopsisg so) ap sozuajuojj. sopsisa OJIBPO so| ap sa|B}uajqujB sap^se SBpueBE ap uopj|BO3 - sopsisg zaiQ -
•(ODjxa[/\j oAanj\j 'suy BUOQ ap opepuoQ |a ua SBDOQ SB-| ep
BUBDJ3D pepnp e\ UOD opnuauj B UBJOOSB as sapnD SB|) snqsnqiqQ 'zajanp pspnrj A ssxaj_ 'OSBJ |g A IEJOUOS 'sa|B6oN A Buozuy
'sa|B6oN tejuiojUBQ E.feg :BUBnfj_L A BJOIO^IBO 'o6a|Q UBS B uaAnpin so|doiafa soun6|v 'sa|Biua|qaiB soiunse SOUBA usysd
-UIOD anb SDBIJ |eno o| 'sopE;sg-ODjxai/\] Bjaiuoif e\ ap SBABJ; B aiuatiiBnBiiuoo sspsDiqn sapspnp ap sejsj - seiiBuuan sapspnp -
•OD|xa[Aj ap sapjn}B|\] sosjnoay A ajuajqujv o|pa|/\| ap Busiajoas e\ Bjsd ss|6js s&~] -IVNil VIA13S -
•apUBJ9 ojy oiuoo sopiup sops^sg so| ua oppouoo ou \e ODjxa|/\| ua ep a\ as anb ajqoiou g - OABjg ojy -
'NVaUE8 ^d30OD el SP uopeajo B| B 9A3|| A vDD B| jod opEJisiuiujpe sa \em \a 'sa|Biua!qujB soiunss Bjed |Bjaie| op
-janoe un oiaua6 as 'sa|Bjua|qujB sspjBn6BA|Bs jsjodjoouj BJSJ -sasjsd saji so| aj;ua opjauioo jofaoi un UBjuaiuoj. sauoioeindjisa
sr>s 'Ł661. "3 ooixfiA] A 'sopiun sope;sg so| 'EPBUBQ jod opeuuy - On) OUON jap eausuiv sp opjeuioo ejqn ep opej.eji-
H3DOD Bl J°d sopeDi^yao sa|Biua|qujB sopaAojd ap oiuaiujBDUBuy. |a JBIJIDBJ. ua
aisjsuOD ezijaiuoj^ uppmi^ui Bjsa ap [adsd p '311 |a ofsq oppa|qBisg - (NVQUBg) S^ON PR eauauiv ap o||ojjesaa pp oaueg -
•sopiup sope^g so| A ooixaiAj aJiua |Buopsujaju| Bjaiuojj B| ap ope| spso B sojjaujpipi QQ i apuaiixa as anb U9|6aj
e| oujoa sopiun sopB^g-ooixaiAj Bzuaiuoj^ BajB p 9|uijaa 'O||OjjBSap ofeq aq.uauj|BnpB BLUBjBojd \e opuaAnpuj 'sopjup sopsisg
so) A ODjXfiAJ 34ua soA!iBJoqB|oo sapjuajqujB sozjanjsa so| sjsd |BLUJO.J oiuaujspunj. p sg -Ł86L ua oojxai/M 'ZBJ BI ua pupe|/\|
E| 3Q A ueSsay saiuapjsajd so| jod opBouif szuajuoj-j sajy pp oiuajiuBJofaiAj A uopoaiojd B| sjsd opjanoy - ZBJ ei ap'opjanoy -
•sopjpuaA jas BJBd ua6uo ap sjsd \e a;uaoiBAanu sopByodoii o6an| A '|Buy. opnpojd p jsjauaB ejed sops|qujBsua
uos apuop SBiUB|d sssa spsq 'sop^n sopajsg so| .aiuaoijedpuud 'sjed oj^o apsap usyodxa as sajeuajBLu so| anb ua a;s|s
-uoa EDidp. uopEniis B-J -ayou Bja;uoj^ ns ap o6jB| o| B ajuaouoABUj 'O3|xa[/\| ua sspsojqn afsiqaiBsua ap SBIUBIJ - sejope|inbe(/\| -
•sapppB SBUJJOU sns us||Biap anb sEinui|/\| OLUOD ssppouoo sauopBJspap sjjLua vno 'U9pBiuauja|duj|
ns ap ESHBO e us;|nsaj anb sopi^uoo so| jaA|osaj ap A 'ssn6B A sajjujj| ajqos sa|suopBU|q sopsiBJi so| jo6jA ua jauod A jBoydB
ap aiqssuodsaj 'ajuajpuadapuj [Buopsujq uppezjusaio sun sa OM9I/V1D - (\TID) senBy A sajiuiji ap |euopeujaiu| uoisiuioo -
Bjajuojj E| ap S|qsua^ns o||OjjBsaa p sjsd OA|i|nsuo3 ofesuoo ap ajqiuou p ofsq opmi^suooaj opua|s sisa odru6 p 'j
JOPJA 'a;uaiqoiv OjpaiAj pp ousiajoas jenpe p ofeg -oupaA uang pp iBiuaiqujy siunp B| ep e\ e aiua|BA|nba soueui o SBLU
eja U9JSILU sAnD 'oojXfi/\j ap lEjapaj. oujajqoB |s JEJOSBSB ep sqadnoo as eiuaujjouaiuB anb oLusjusBjo |a sg -i uojBey ofasuoo -
•|BjuejqoiB Ae| B| ap BAjpap uopBDi|dB B| jeAoiuojd A 'sa|BiuajqujB A sa|spjaujoD sopi|j.uoo j]ueAajd
B jepnAE 'aiuajqoiB ojpaoi p uoo SBpsuopspj sa|Buoi6aj sapniambuj SBJ jspjoqs sa u9|S|uj ng --sojqujaiuj seji uco siuano enb
uoisjiuoo E| ap ofasuoo p a^us nn33 s°| E Eiuasajdaj 'usuutiqAA 'BJS E| Vd3 B| sp sjopBJisjUjujpv B-| -3-11 pp |Bjais| opjanoB p
ofsq spEaJD -ooixa |Al A 'sopiun sops^g 'spsuBO - IBUOOBU-UI uppBZjUBBjo - (VOD) |Biuaiqtuv uopejadooo B| sjsd uoisiiuoo -
•sopBiueujjABd SOUILUBD A 'sopyos sonpjsej ap
Oipassp p 'sajBnpisaj SBn6s ap uopoa|ODaj 'a|qsiod sn6s OLUOD sapi sooissq soonqnd sopjAjas ep uaoajso opnueuj B sapspiu
-nuioo ssisg -sajseni soqoip ua UBAJA anb SB| ssuosjad QOO'017 seun uos oojxaiAj oAan|\| ue anb SBJiuajuj 'soiuajLUBiuass soqDip
ua uaAiA ssuosjad QOO'OOS 3P SEUJ 'sBxai ug -oojxaiAj OAenN A ssxei ue e;uaujjoAEiu UBj;uanoua es sapspiunuioD ss;sg -sajuap
-gap spiA ap sauopipuoo A sspuajAiA UOD 'sjajuoj^ e\ ap o6jB| o| B usjiuanoue as anb sBpsjodjoouj ou sapBpiunujo3 - SBiuopo -
•pqui A jBiBisa u9pBdp|ysd e\ A o6zBjepj| pp oiueiLUBZ|Bej p ua SBpsoo.fue usise ouusjuj pp BoiaoB seuoisnDSjp
SE| A o||OJJEsap ap Bds;a ns ua aiuaoi|BnpB BJiuanoua as ozuajuoij. jeuopBuiq BiusjBojd OLU]xojd |g -sasjsd soqais ue se|BjnjEU
soainaaj so) ap opBidojdE ofauBoi p A 'a^uaiqujB ojpeoi p A Busoinq pn|ss B| ep uopoe;ojd e\ ep saABjj B aiqsiueisns o||ojjBsap
p spst) ajuaujBAijBjadooo jEfsqEJi ua OI^ISUOD siauj ng 'sopiun sops^g so| A oDjxa|Aj ep eiuaiqais ojpauj pp |Bjapaj. BpuaBs
EpBO ap oun 'sapuopBN sajopsuipjooo sop ep ODJED p ofsq oAnisa A Q003 F 966 1 spssp ejua6|A OAnisa BoiEjBojd jg -BZJ
-jajuojj uoiBaj E| ua BUEUinq pnps e\ A a^uajqujB Ojpeuj p UOD sopsuopspj SBLuaq. jspjoqa sjsd sopjup sopsisg so| ap A oDixa[Aj
ap sajBqui A sapieisa 'sa|sjapaj. SBpua6s SBUBA B oiunaj anb |Buopeujq U9peuipjooD ep ouusiuBDe|/\i - ixx ejaiuojj eiuBjBojj -
'(Oil) 3U°N PP EouauJV ap opjeoiO3 ajqn ap opB^BJi p |BjaiB| opjanDB un ap opsi|nsaj OLUOD spsajQ -oiuajLUBDUBUi} ns
BJed NVauG9 la 9Jue sops^uasajd jas uapand o6an| anb sopaAojd so| BDy-jyaQ 'sopijos sonpjsaj sjed SOUB;IUBS souayej A sapn
-pisaj SEn6B ap oiuaiujBiBjj ap setUB|d OOIOD sepi 'piueiquJB BjnpruisaBj.fU| ep se|BDO| sopeAojd jB}uaiua|duj! a jB||Ojjssap BJBd
SBZuajuoij. sapspiunujOD se\ UOD BfaqEJi anb puopBinq uopn;|isu| - (jgooo) ezuajuojj 63169)033 uppsjadooo aP uoisiiuoo -
•psp!|B
-npE ap sozuaiuojj. so^unss so| JiinDSjp Bjsd QJOJ. un 9uopjodojd LQ02 °ye PP N9O e| ap uo]unej BI -oD|xa|Aj A sopiun sopsjsg
so| anua aiauiqsB ap pAiu B SOUBJPHOD sojquuBDjaiuj ap QJOJ. un OLUOD (,95 [, ua Bppe|qsisg - (Ngo) (BuopBuig UOISIUIOQ-
BZU9JUOJJ npiOaa q weJ sappuiBpimj soinuu^ :
-------
(souurajjy ISA) uosjtB'j-zjjeAM} UIJJTEQ
AO§'13d3(g)BUI§M3q3AV ICOIUOJOOap O3JJO3
J00td
9 uoi
soP!un sopBisTj-ooixpjAj Bznaitrojjj -BJOpBui
AO§-Bd3(g)SBUIOJ-S9JJOJ lODTUp
raj
S06 3J!nS <:>33«S HSV ',/&. 019
6 uoi§3-a vdH 'S'n.
OZIJ3JUOJ.J 30BJU3 3p BUTOIJO
VD 'oos
6 uoiSs-g 'vd3 Sfl
OZU31UOJ.J
VJ3 BI 9P s
031103
€8-Sl6
Z066ZXXtoSBdIH
iuij"]; sp puopBujajuj upisi
uoo
AO§ -Bdagjun JBp • uos JBJ-ZJ JBA\S rooiu
001
9 uoi
30IJJO uosreiq ispjog OSBJ jg
'3^003 SSaj.?) uoo vfoqvMf)
UOSJE^-ZJJEAVg UIJJBQ
AO§'3JBJS(g)TqZJIA05[SnUI lOOIUpJJOSp 03JJ03
'3JBJS jo
sojunsy sp BUI
'foqsmj SIUU3Q UOO v
AO3 "Bpsn ' SO JU 'AUJ(g) J3 JJ3n.3 J :OOIUOXP3p
'O'd
xpnog
sispiraSy sp
(oCvqmj.
viunfvj ap soj,qui3iw uos ou
AO§'Bd3(g)3UIBp'J3UJ3O5[ '.OOIIK
-IOS-202 'f
fOOOZ DQ 'u
(V 1091) AouaSy uopoajojjj jBjuauiuojiAug -§;
JU3UI3§BUB]AI |BJU3UIUOJTAUg[ SATJBjgdoO^ J
'p\[ su
oovNOisaa
TVDMO
-------
S3DIAJ3g
ZS803 CM 's
Suipjmg UAVEppBj c^
pUE q}JE3J^ JO JU9U«JEd3Q '$'Ł}
puE puopEtnsiuj jo 33tj[JO
5-ŁZŁ-60IZ8 FIN '
'N
UOISSItUUIO^) »3B^ pUB XjBpUtlOg pUOIJBUJ31UJ
soj ap
O§'3JBJS,g)UIpA35[SUI[ COOI
'D'Q
SJIEJJV ODIX3JAI JO 3DIJJQ
I'J SIUU3Q
9ZSS6 VD '
iosz
Q6SQZ DQ '
'^'S 133nS
(€-S) 931 01
UISIJBpOUIJSJUJ JO 3OIJJO
ODDOI.J -fj
-OOlZ-999-nZ
0031 3:>!nS '
XbusSy uoposjojj pjusuiuojiAug 'S'j
AO§ "BO "Bda JED(g)A3pnSJSJ
AbuaSy uopoajojj; jBiusuiuojiAug BIUJOJIJE^)
suopBp-y; pju3iuuj3Ao§J3jui puB Abijoj jo,j -035
(619) -
(619)
ppaduij
ppaduij jo AIIQ
3SQ-JJ 3UBIQ
UIOD ' JEpB JX3 J(g) J3§UB jpa lODI
e09
I83S8
•DUJ '
pg
-30I3-Z39-03g
ZV '
tUOD'UiqjODU3ZJOUI^)ZBdl' rODT
O3JJO3
033 aims 'Jotjspj, •§ 088
•yj 'sajBpossy 39 utqjo[)-u3zjo]Aj
3JU3PIS3JJ-30IA
-------
3iu3iquiy oipa]AI
(ZIS) ;II80-K^ (ZTS)
IOZ8ZXX
-------
Bauapisajj 'ssouidsg -j/vj ipipnf
'sjusurBausiy
-uoij SBjjsanu ap o§iB[ oj B ajqBjusjsns ojjoxiBssp un jBjSoj Bred soAOBJoqEjoD sozisnjss soj EioBif o/odB onupuoD ns cozspBjgB aq
•sopBjquiou uapsj ofosuo^ pp sojqtusiui so] A. Bupijo TVS 000 OAponpojd A onuijuoa oSo
-pip un MDEid UOD BJsdsa 93^3 -Bjsisajgojd BpuaSE Bun JEjjojjBssp Ejsd ofssuo^ p us SDEJUS ns uoo sovisivkcp^ "n'fl'a'a/o^PlAf
aaniojj c| tw sjqcjusjsns ojjojjEsap sp sozianjss soj BIOBIJ ooixpjAi 3P UOISIA BJ jpnostp Bjsd (s)(opBii§is3p (s)saBju3 sns ap EJ X BJISIA
ns JMEjd UOD sounjjjiqps-y; '^002 PP °^m U3 zsipnf pBpnQ us opsucQ p UOD Bjunfuoo upiunsj Bun jsusj opuEauBjd EJSS
•ajqBjusjsns ojpjjBsap sp X
sapEpiAjjoc JOAOuiojd ap oaispdoid p UOD 'opEuuoj uppsj ofosuo^ pp sozjranjsg soj UOD opuBioqBjoD jehupuoD jod otusBismua ojjsanu
scmrcswdxa 93^9 sp sojquiaiur so^ -sjjoj^ B»auoj,j BJ BjBd Jimpsut B opBzustuoD Eq psasn snb sBopjjod SBJJO A obsuo^ pp
un ojp sou ouio-g us 13 -auo^ tusfueuj vj ap ajqvttizuns ojjouvsaaja mvdoavjnsuoj ofosuoy p OUJOD Bppouoo ss BpBimoj
pr-puiw E[ onb opuraipu; 'opsJE^ OAsnj^/opsjB^ us upransj Biupjri Biassnu auranp Bjp p osnd sou ouio-a JBDSQ us H -oSzEiapij ns ofeq
BAUBtujou uppaairp BASHU sun A soiquisiui soAanu UOD ofasuo^ p opimpsuoDsi jsqBij jod apoapaSe Esssp gg^[f) -sofssuo^ soquiB
sp sojquiaiui so{ B SBpBjg BApDnpojd nppBpi Bun opis Eq Basg 7 «^/% 27 ^7 ajtjvtuafsns ojjoMVS3(jjg wvdvfMsasy appuopvpj obsuo^
p 'cueapraiu ajjEdsjauoD Bjjsanu UOD uopEurpjooD ap sozranjss A ogojEip p us SJUSUIBAPDE opBdpp.red EI{ g^MO '1661
-------
'nflHH"0:'PC?]A[ BJ3JUOJJ EJ 3p oSlBJ OJ
B ajuaiqure oipatu X TMTOotujsawjui ap sajqBjuajsns sapBpisaDau SEJ aiqos {1Q33 SOI 3P osaiSuoQ p X aiuapisa.^ p jrepsuoDE ujred
BJJOSSSE sp pjspaf sjiuioD un '(safim ua svfijs sns Mj'QgftD) OUP3A uang pp ptuaiejuiy vtunf EJ sp siquiou E sjjrquDss reDBjd un
opEtupsg
'BS;,! 03X3S
'Jn§
ojjtuy pp pjsnr[ '
,JQ 'oopcapvj; 'BU
sosjnDa-g X ajoaiquiy oipapM pp oi
'J3§upi|Diq jojoi^\ -j
TOOZ: '91
'Bsouidsg; -JAJ qir
•SBJSJUOJJ SBJissnu sp O§JBJ oj B sjqBjusjsns ojjojJEsap uti JBJ§OJ Bjed soAUBjoqBjoD sozjsnjss soj
BIDBTJ OIlUpIIOD oXodB TIS ODZ3pBJ§B 3^ 'OpBUIJOJ U3O3J ofoSHOQ p A BUIOtp HS UOO OAlJOnpOjd OiqUTEDJSlUI UtV J3DB|d UOD SOUJBJsdsg
•SBJmnj sspBpiApDB SBJ ipnDsrp Bred uotunsj EJ ajtrejnp oduisp souiBjjBuopjodojd 3\-A opBuSisap
30BJU3 OS 3p B3ISIA BUH JSDBjd UOD SOUTEJJiqpS^ 'oSsiQ UBg U3 Oljnf 3p EUBUI3S BUinjp BJ BJ3S ggjS[O 3P «9!Un3Jr BUIpCOjd Bq
•ODDCSJ^ us ssjiBdBJjuoD SBjjssnu uos ojunfuoD us ssjqBiusjsns sjiraujpausiquiB soApBJsdooo soziatyss soj uoo jEnupuoD osoipA
BTJSS anb Bjsptsuoo gg;js[O 'xo,j siuspissij pp uppBjjsraiiupB B| oJBq ofssuo^) OAsnu on UOD soApBioqBjoD sozjsnjss soj uoo jenupuoD
rod orasBisnjus ojjssnu souressidxs ggjsjo sp sojqrasTtn soj '\QQZ PP OZJBUI us uptunsi Brapjn BJJSSHU sjtrejnQ -oSzBjspTj ns oreq
BAUBUIJOU upposJip BAsnu Bun A sojquisitu soAanu UOD ofasuo^) p B^njpsuoDSj pajsn snb sjqisod S3 snb opipusjus auap g
-------
sapuaSy juapuadapuj 29 'dQH VA
tto sauiuiuiaDqng suopEudoiddy asnoj^; 'aiuapisa.y fsapuaSy luapuadapuj 79 'GQH 'VA uo asuraraioDqng suopBndoiddy ajBuag 'ajuapisaij
iSTDnir) Jopjog psuoisssjSucr) 'sojquiarj/\{ A ajuapisajy; :ozuajuoj,j opjauKQ ap BzuEijy BJ ap ajuatqury orpajAf pp-pjitucQ 'ajuapisajj
srontQ puoissaiSucQ DixiEdsipj 'sjirapisay fuopBpossy s=jomaAor) raajsa^ "ajuapisajy isozprarooxj somaiqor) ap uppEposy 'aiuapisajy;
'ODJXSJ/^ OAsnjvj 'EIUJOJIJE^) 'suozuy ap sopBjsg 'saiopEuag fjEiuaiqury pBprp;} EJ aaqos ppuapreajj ofasrar) 'pjeMopj utjof
jQfigg soj ap ajuaiqury orpajAj pp UjQpDajoid BJ Bred BpuaSy 'BJOpEijsiuiuipy 'UBUiittj^ ppoj^ aupsutjQ :33
'Esouidsg -j/^ tpipnf
•sopcuopEjai soaunsE d. >Jigg EurejSojd p Bisd sopuoj sp uppBidojdE sp osaacud pp uppBiuauisfduit sp ossoojd p aiqos onupuoo oSojBip
|9 K»pEjSc ggjqo -rasandssj Eun jMEjd uco Eisdsa A ojusrureiDUBUij sp uppBpusuiooai BJSS raosijo sp pBpmnuodo BJ aDspEjSs 3] Bjunf Bq
•SOpIUQ SOpEJSjJ
soj X ODnjpjAj anus ODiuipucoa opjsuiOD jap UOZEJOD p sa anb ojuaranE tra uopBjqod Bun UOD npiSsj Eim ua ajqBiuajsns ojjojjEsap ja uaAanuioad
snb cpiA ap pspijED sp ssuopipuoo SBJ Ejed sapjpv uos SEJofaui ssjsg 'upiSai BJ ap ojjuap ssjEjtraiqure sanoprpuoD SBJ ap Bnupuoo uopEpBjSap
v\ jeSiirui us Eppsisu ajusurewap '[Ejusiqure BiraonnsaBijtii ap sapEpisaoau SBJ sspoi BiJBpjoqE ou uppEidoidB Btprp anb ap jssad y -sapEpisaoau
srasa jcpioqc ercd sopEuSiss ojuararepuEinf ap sosonosj ap uppnuiuisrp EJ E opiqap ossd aisa aiuoj as anb aauauiajuaSm aprd Bjtinf B^
•sopiiiQ sopEisg/ODKajAj Ezijaauo^; upiSaj BJ BjEd sajBJmonjjsaBJjU] a sapjuaiqure sapEpisaoau
re( wqos osaiSuo^ p A ajuapisajyj p josasE ap pEppEdso ns ua uopEpuauioosj Bisa apuapxg -yd3 BI 3P dI39 sauopuaAqns ap
p turd sauo JJKU 00 1 $ 3P osgpadsa jBissndnssjd OJITDJUB un ap uppBidoidE EJ aroatuauuij Epuaimooaj oupa^y uang jap jEjuaiqury Eiunf Eq
•sopaiQ soprasg-copsjAj Ejajuojj EJ ap O§EJ oj B sajESnj soiupsip ua OUB p saoaA san aupsj as A (spjSui ua
sc|§is sns jod Iy3y.j) euosasy sp piapa,j paraio^) ja Ejsd Eaoy ja ofeq Biado ggjsjf) Eq '(sajSui ua sBjSis sns .rod 'yd3) I1Q3H SOI 3P srosiquiV
Ojps^ pp uppoaaoj^ sp Epua§y BJ ap aopEJisiururpy p uppEjuaurajdun ap pEpuojnB BJ BSajap ppuapisajj EApnoalg uapJQ Bujq -SBJJO
A. 'sapiusiqure 'pnjcs ap 'seoimapBDB sauoprapsui 'oiiEjranuroD ojjojjBsap ap sajEjuauremaqnS ou sapEppua SBJJO A fpqnj jojoas ja isopoSau
sp JOJ33S p iSEX3Ł A 'oop9j^i OAsnjvj 'Eiujqjip^) 'Euozixy ap sapjEjsa souraiqoS soj 'sapjapaj sBpua§B ap sajinauasajdaj B aXnjoui Ejunf BJ ua
cjsaiquism ^•fyO^C, uopoag apcr) -g-f^ /) (sajSm ua SEJ§IS sns jod 'yiyg) Z66 1 3P sBouatuy SBJ EJEd sEsaiduig; ap EApBpiuj ap Ay-[ EJ jod BpBaio
an.j 'ODptpjAf E sonBnuoo soprasa soj ap ojjuap sajEjnjDnnsaBjgfin a sapauaiqtoB sapEpisaoau A soaunsE soj ap BoiaDB nngg soj ap osajSmr) p
A' Miwpisay p JEfssuODE Kred opEajD BposasB ap prapaj ajnuoo un sa (sajSui ua SBjSis sns jod 'ggjslO) oupa/y uang jap pauaiqiuy BjUnf Bq
jap pjuaiquty Ejun| BJ ap jadBj jg
•sajuapaj SOUB ua .Jigg BurejSojd ja EJEd sopBuSiss opis UETJ anb sopuqj ap pEppuBD EJ ajuarajiDBj
trescdajqos sopcpisroau ssjsa 'uaumsaj ug -SOUB oaup ap opojiad opunSas ajsa ajiremp upjjiq i$ UBJESEdajqos anb ojoaXojd ja p sajsjoj
soasoa SO] snb Btupss as '600Ł~K)0Ł ^B3 SOI BoreqE anb opopad p ajusinp sauojjim 00Ł$ sono souaui oj jod A 'sauojjiui Q9S$ S°J UBJESEdaiqos
PP sauopuaAqns SBJ ap oiuaiurepuBug ap sapspisaoau SEJ 'ŁQQZ-666l s®^ sol 3-iqnD anb opopad ja ua anb BjnofEO K[yQUEg 'sapjoj
'Ł002-1002 ^W SOI 'ae^ Z'6ŁL$ 3P ^ '0002 P U3 sauojjiui <)-Łiz$ ap ^6661 TO sauojjiiu 1^61$ 3P uojanj jBjuatquiE
i sp ojuaiurepuBuij ap sapEpisaoau SBJ BJEd JStVQUEg ap sauopoaXojd SEJ :jBjuaiquiB BinjomisaEijur BJ BJBd ojuaiurepuEug
op pcp;S3D3u E| ua ojuautnB ja UOD ojoajrp ajsEuuoD un Bjuasajd .Jigg ja vied y
-------
tn ap sojosAcad scq -sajqpoEj siuaurejaptreurj wejiss ou Etcjjoj TOO ap anb scxp3A"aid BJed sepuEjeS o sounqsard iroo 'VdJT E[ Jocf
sopBuopiodoid uppuaAqns sp sopuoj soj opuBUiquKb 'nnH3-o:)P9]A[ Bzpwicuj upiSai BJ sp oirej oj B sspBpranuioD SEJ Bred ajqissoDB OJSOD
un UBSusi jBjusiqure raroanxjsaEJjUT sp sojosA'ojd soj snb rejSoj Bred opBUssip EJSS BuiEjgoid aisg 'Vd3 BI 3°d opepueug '(
jsp BDuaray sp ojjOJressQ pp ODireg pp BureiSotd un ss '(^01 us SB|§IS sns aod'jjigg) Bznsiuojjj {Bauaiquiy BjraDnnsaBijui ap opuo,j jg
.jigg BumiSojj
Biaiuoijj B| Bred
ap
•(spj§ui ua SBJ§IS sns jod
'(s?|Sm us SBjSts sns Jod'jjigg) BziJ3juoj,j pauaiqury BJmonusaBjjui sp opucy p Bred SSUOJJTUJ QOT$ 3P 'ZQOZ F08!? o^8 P B;red
prapaj ojsandnssid p us 'coupsdsa jBjssndnsajd opiopre un sp uppsidradB Bf srosiuaujjij Bjpijos oups^v rang pp pjusiqurv ra
(spj§ur us sBjSis sns jod '.Jigg) «za3j«oj,j psjuaiqiuy ^jrapnxjsaBgiq ap opuoj p e.red ojsandnssjj pp uopBidojtdy
QQSQZ DQ 'uoaSui
FV
IOOZ '
sns xod CJI38)
eaed opuoj
no
ie? woiqwiy
Bjuspissj,j 'Bsouidsg 4j
'sjusuiEjusjy
sp jousdns sjred BJ us SDaredB oioBauoo sp uopBimojui BBSSBJ^ -B}unŁB{ Bred opBuSissQ pjsps,j ppgo om°D 3AJIS ^F*
o 'Bjunf BJ sp Bjuspissiji B[ 'oSiuiuoD Bss BJ( oa3BjuoD us ssuB§uod joABj jod 'jBuoprpB uppEUUojui uBjissosu o BjunSsjd Bun§p ususn t$
'NVQUB9 ^ dHDOD 3P p^ptApssp BJ szirapcBtu X oDijqnd pp uppBdppred BJ spusj snb coiSsjBnss snbojus
un ousjj sp reipiJESsp Bred odtusp SBUI BJISSOSU s§ -ooijqnd pp ssuorardo SB{ jrqpsj Bred sinuji Bijoaj BJ jspuajxs B soureiusp scq -BJSJUOIJ
BJ sp ssppusss SBUI ssuopmpsui SBJ sp sop sp omjnj p jEuransasp Bred owoo UBJ odrasp sp opouad un oppsjqBjss BABIJ as anb Bdnooajd
-ajqTCOo sp iŁ p ss oaijqnd opmuauiOD ap opopad p Bred aitujj{ Btpaj BJ snb souispusiduioo 'piauaS SBUI BJOU Bun ua 'otupin JDJ
ojjojjBSsp sp ossocud pp sjred OUIQO sapuoptpB sopuoj BAnpoap SEUI BiauBUj sp BaAOjd Mva^g snb JEmSasy -ODUpadss
A. ajqBUOZEj oduisp sp opopsd un us sopBssooid UBSS sourejsajd X sauopusAqns SBJ snb remSssy -opiAJss ns pussip ss sspno
SBJ Bred BDimpuoDS BfousAssp us sspBpiunuiOD SBJ Bred sjqissDOB SBUI ojsoD un UB§USJ NVOUBg sp sourejsajd soj snb Bred 'ssiajui oJBq
sp sourejsaid soj A 'Bijam. sp wSted ss snb ssuopuaAqns SEJ 'ssjosiip sauopuaAqns SBJ BOBIJ sosmoaj SSJO^BUI JiSuiQ -sapBpiunuiOD
SBJ Bpetj ajqisuss A OOIAISS ja BKEIJ opBiuspo sjm UEgEtj oj snb soiusiuiipaooid A SBDptjod SEJ jBjnmpss 'jstVO^S P
•puosjsd ja us Bpuspuadsp jousur uoo japsooid uBpsnd
A uppannsuoD A uppEogpiso ap ossaoid jsp ossd BpBD ajuaurerejo uspuspua sspEpranuios SBJ anb Bred .J3OOD 3P soraaiunpsoojd
A sEDpijod SEJ reoiunuioD A rerejoy -ojoaXoid jsp uppBisdo A uppszipsj BJ sp SSABJJ B 'uppBDUpaao sp SSBJ EJ sp Bp SBUI snupuoa
EpuajsisB EJ snb remSssB A rSBusnbad sspBpiunuioo SBJ Bred sjuauirejnDpred JOpA UBJ§ un suap pno BJ 'Eoiuoaj BpuajsisE
'Ł
-------
oinw4fflngpp(fiu3iqiiiy8iinifB[3paiiqjnio)iiniD is
t] us ssopupojus .renuntKr) -uppEqojdB ap osaooid p ua oopuo JOJOBJ un ouioo raijqnd uppEdppred BJ lauajuEtu
"VTD BI A 'XVNtfVPNHS Vdcf 3P
upiSai ej ap ojiunj oauaraipajo p repjoqE Bred BDiSajEjjsa uppauBjd EJ jaoapuoj 'sauoprapsm sEqure EJBJ -oaunftrco
ira osajSoid p jsaapajoj A saunuico sBiirajqoid soj jaAjosai Bred sEjunf sop SEJ ap opBjSaim odrai un ap uopBsjD BJ rejraprsuoo J3DOD ff vsaao xoj iCqsng saiuapisuj soj z? wksuoav ap oSj.m v oCvqmj^ ^ puopvutg odru^ p juvd smnuMSns iC souvtusiuo^))
Ejuapisajj 'Bsouidsg -JAJ iprpnf
'ajuaurejuaiy
soAnafqo soj
•sopEuopuaui
ua ajjpsiss ap A ssasandoid SEJ JESIASJ ap pEpranwodo EJ ajuauresonjadsaj soureipijos aj 'sauozej sBjsa joj
•sapEpiunmoD sejsa
us samsppj sp 000'000'SI SOI 3P ^PJA 3P P^PIP23 BI ^-red Bpireuodun UEJ§ ap sa ozuaauoij ojjoiiBsap ap A sapjuaiqure ssmaj soj aiqos upisnosip
EJ us BDijqpd uppcdppjed EJ 'SEurapy 'MVCpBg X tKDOD 3P oXodB ja X EpuajsrsB EJ ua japuadap uapand anb EmKmusaEjjtn ap SEApEoijiuSrs
sspcpisaMU opuaiqutj uanSis 'Bjaiuo^ EJ ap O§JBJ oj B sojDaXojid ap ojuaiurepuEtin ja A uppEausjd BJ ua ssjofaui SBJ soureXodB anb SBmraijAj
•sauopEztuE§jo SEjsa ap sapurrSuo soApafqo A 'uopuajui 'upisiui EJ ap pBpuSajui BJ aauajuBp\| .
'NVCF1^ ^ ilHOOD B snbojtra OAanu un aj rep o (jEziuE§joaj 'jBmjonnsaaj Bred Bjsandoid jambpno
HOD opcuopcpj OAppsuoo osaoojd ja ua sozuaraoij sop^jranuioo saiuBjuasajdai soj ap aired jod Boijqnd uppBdppred EJ remSasy .
:pBpiA.pBUjjou ap sauotsnosip sns ua ajuamSrs oj ajodjoour anb sourepuauiosaj 'upzsi Ejsa joj
•XOjj oiuop[so.ij J3 UOD ssppuejsns ssasandoid SBJ apnosrp jod X sauopBznreSjo SEJ ap ouadraasap ja jEzpai jod saiajur ns sotuapuaiduKQ
•ajquiapdas ap c, pp prasg
raisiA cj A sjqurapdas ap f pp puopBuig uptsiuio^ EJ ap upiunaj EJ E odppuE ua ssziiaauo^: sauopEztireSjo ssjsa ap Bptrejsns EJ ouioo 'EUIJOJ EJ
-------
sp aaqos ojtrej seissnckad arraaureApoe optrejapTsupo UBJSS 'coixajAj; ap xcy; ajuapisa-y pp BJ X uopvnsruiwpv ns anb jaqBS oipaij BIJ sou 35
'NVG^a -^ tfHDCO BI 3P ^-Jronj uppoaaip A Binptmsa BJ UOD opBiiopBjai OApjnsrco osaoojd pn:pB ja
ua sopmpui jas souiBjpijos 'sajBjnjonijsaBajui a sajEnraiqure sozpajuojij sojunse ap BOIBDB 'paisn ured raossse ap -Bjunf sp p^pijeo BXISSTIU ug
suojfs-[ pp Eopaury ap ojpjjBraQ pp oDireg p A (tHOOD) *zpa»n
-------
:u9jDenuiq.uoD e e^ues
-ejd as SB:IJBD SBipjp ep o;xe; [3
•ezua;uoj.(. upiej e| eje se|Bjp
-joujud S9jeq.u| ep seoiei SOIJBA
ep BOJBOB '[,002 °ye Is 93-UBjnp
ouBiuaoioo ep SB^JBD ep eues sun
9lliuje uejqujBi Biunp B| 'osejBuoQ
|B A eiuepjsejd JB eujjo.j.u|
ns JBJBdejd ep SBLuepv
SOJ 3p
-------
opinang pp paiqmpiif EJ ap aiiojni ojipo
'D9N 3P sBppojvj 3P p30! BPBHIJB Bun ^ u9!s!A!un :S
sp ssuopBiss sop sp sired jod SBppou sp BJTvusqoo piqpsJ upiunsj Bq 'HVaUB9 ^ tHDOD
UE§sn( snb jsdBd pp EDJSOB ooijqpd pp SBpusJtsSns X ssuoraido SBJ jsusjqo B sjusureAisnjoxs
BpBDipsp uptsss Bun opidstre Bjunf BJ 'sprej BJ SIUBJIIQ -SBJJO A isJossAjig BUHB.J sp puopEjs[
UppBJ3p3,J Bq !OOdB5JOT)J nqiJJ, BJ Sp JOpBUSIUItUpy p iSBXSJL 3p SJJodsUBJJ^ 3p
p :y<Łj gp c) upiSs-y; BJ sp Biipijo 'Dcim.0P3;rel !sEX3x-oopcp]AJ TMBJTJOXJ BJ sp Bi
uppBziireSjQ BJ isoTjotre^j sp uppBJisimtupy X OSJOISBJ sp sousjjajLBJBd ouus^ js S
PP Q^SD^ ofssuo^ :ssju3in§is SBJ B uojsXnjoui sBjspusjsjuoo o ssjirauod jod
uojsnj snb ssuopBziuBijo SB^; -BSJB jsp osjojSBd A -BijaijoiiBj sp SQUSJJSJ soj sp uppBAJissuoD
BJ us sopBSBq sosn soj A 'SBSspoq us sosojSijsd ssppsiBuj sp oausiureusoBuip js 'BpusSisuis sp
SOSBO BJBd UppBJBdsJfd BJ 'SSpUOpBUJSJUI SOZIJSJUOJJ SSlUSnd SOJ Sp SSABJ1 B B§J(B3 Sp SSUOIUJB3
sp sonio js oraoo sspi sspooj sspjusiqure SBIUSI siqos uoiBjqBU, ssjusuod sp snss Bun '
-unuoo v -opsreq sp c, OJTOSIQ jsp oupsjui sppojy ''Jf 'Z3PFA 03S!H 'JS PP Bpi
Bun uoo opiui ss Bjp jsuiud jg -\ QQZ PP OJSO§B sp ^ js sjusuiBoiSBJa opsjpj usinb Bjunf BJ
sp ojqujsiui 'Tjaiuig Bpuiq sp BIJOIUSUI BJ B BpBoipsp OArasg -SSJEJTU sojunsB soj A sjiodsuBJi js
:sBtusasopsjqos pjBjj upransjBasg 'IOOZPP siqraoosp l\-Ql js SBXS^'opsre-^us oafeoB pAsjj
ss ^002 P siuBjnp BJSJUOJJ BJ sp oSrej oj B oups/y usng jsp uoiunsi Btupjn A BJSOJSJ Bq
•BpBUOpUSUI -SSJUB
BWE3 BJ ouioo JSB upiutisj BJ sjqos ojnsjjjB un ooijqnd »z«?j; sapSuy soj opBip jg •JSTVauBa
A .J33OD U3 ssppusaod soiqureo soj sp -BDJSOB ssuoisnosip SBJ us Biunf BJ sp uopedppiEd
BJ opuBjprjos soprajQ sopBjsg soj sp ossiSuo^ p A siuspissij p 'Bjunf BJ sp X'Bjuspissjj BJ sp
BJJBO Bun sty uoiunsj BJ sp sopBijnssj soj sp ouf^ -ojonj sp ssug UTS opBApd JOJDSS jsp SSJUBJ
-usssidsi B uoJsAnjou; SSJUSJSISB SOJJQ "TVD-XH1AI soronsy Bjsd Biuiojip^ sp
JSp BUpTJO BJ Sp JOaOSJIQ JS ppSISB SBUISpB A 'JSUJI.J qog BJSISSJSUO^ JSp A 'S
'Bsjquresy BJ sp oiquisrai jsp ssauBjusssjdsj B opusXnjou] 'SSJEOOJ ssppijo sounSjy -yda BI3P
ozpsiuojj BurejSoid p A ?cTH3DS -NVQ^a •d'SDOD iBIUJOJ!FD Bf^9 3P opBjsg jsp BjSojoog
Sp OTOSUJBJJBdsQ SoSstQ UB§ Sp pBpniQ BJ Sp SODIUOSJL SOpIAJSg Sp UpTSTATQ BJ ISSUOpna
-psui ssjusmSis SEJ sp ssjusuod rod opmSss 'oSsiQ UB§ sp spjBojy PP ^upHO BI3P z3pu?UJ3d[
jsp sjred jod pioyo BpiusAusiq Bun UOD OZUSUIOQ -pUEJf) UOTJOH plOH P U3 °!Inf
Z~^Z P 'B!UJOJIPD '°^3IQ "^S U3 9A3113S 'upiunsj EpunSss Bq
o zy ap uvpfauaq ss vtunfvj ap sotqwfw soj
-------
•««9 fyvQ mun^ p ro coipprod ap ojrojwB un anb pnSi p 'Jv&SX Ł I P^O ^ VHA3111
sp S3JBDOJ ssuopEjss SB[ ua aijDou BJ ap sEpnou SEj tia sojuauu&s pAtijoui uoiOEDiunuico ap sojpaur
so] us BJimsqco Bq -ssnoiDBZiuESjo A" coijqnd pp sopBsajaiur scaquianu soao A ijSTVQireg :pnpS
B[ op puopeuig upis;uio3 BJ iireMoj) Bjigredtao^ BJ iBum^ap B3jy jsp BjoonSy ofosuo^) js ipBjsiury
sp saausnj OUIOD BppouoD jBjtrauiraisqnS ou uppBziuBSjo Bun iBuozjjy sp
SOpB3S3 SOJ 3p ODI§9[03r) OIJDBdsSQ J3 JBUIII^ 3p OpBpUO^ pp BnSy 3p SOHBRSQ
BJ ietun^ sp opBpuo^ jap OZBJJ O§JB^ B orostuiBsirejj ap Bupgo ^1 ;Vd3 BI 3P 6
EJ sp Bupgo ^{ SBOozjjy ap BjrapotjSy 3P ^ praaiquiy pBpip^ ap sojuauiBjiBdaQ soj !,
OUIOD oppouoD sapEpisjaAium ap puopBiiiq opiosuoo un iEuoziiy sp pqixuaauj ofasucQ ja A
UBipari^) X tpdoocQ snqui SBJ :sauopmpsui saiuamSre SBJ ap saauEjuasajidaj B uoiaXnjoui sajuauod
X ODijqpd jap saauajsisB SOUQ 'Biun^ ap BsapjBDjy <8unq^ uXjiJBp\j -BJ§ EJ ap aared jod BpmaAuaiq
Bun uoo pzuauioD uprunaj B^J -sspppsad soj sty upranai Basa ap Euiaj jg; -uuj ojnjg sEpuaaajuo^) ap
onusQ A pion p ua oziBur ap ZZ'IZ P '^uozijy 'Burn^ ua oqBD B pAajj as upranaj Ejauiud Bq
:ezueiuoj^ uo\63ji e\ ue oqeo e UOJBA
-S|| as anb sauojunej sejj se| ep seusuunsej so| sooiejuasajd uppenuiJuoD v
•(osjno us oye |a ejed seq.aoi sns jaoa|qeise A osajBcud
ns jen|BAa ejed oye ep soidpuud e ODjBe^BJjsg oiusioieeueicj ep je||ej_ un oqeo B
OAS|| Blimp B| 'seoiepv) -se|Boo| se|BjueiqoiB seiue|qojd so| ep BDJSDE 'SBLU cood
un J90OUOD BJBd |Buopdo odujso ep efsjA un A isopoBeu ep ejueuodaioo un ;J
-yVlAI3S SP OA!i|nsuoo ofesuoo |e 'e^unp e| ep eqjsdBJiuoD e| ep eysd jod
-|enpe eun loojjqnd ouB^ueujoD ep SBAi5.Bauoj.uj seuojses ;sa}ueuod ep eysd jod
seuopeiuesejd pAnpuj Bun eps^ -JBinoi^JBd ue isiueiquiB Btueq. un ep jopepej|e
SBpezjueBjo uojenj. se|Bno SB| 'IQQZ OUB |e ejusjnp sopjup sopeis
. B| ap o6jB| O| B SBOj|qnd sauojunej sejj oqeo B OAS\\ oujoe/\ ueng 13
soj
p A
oipA nang pp paiqiny ?imf BI ap anuojuj ojipD
-------
d A -sopHOS sonpisax
aeuxie 'ofaueiu fa '.'
>t|i* jsip o»aitiiii»
?!^^^
•oueijunuioo o||ojjesep ep oseoojd pp eyed ooico
sa|Buop!pe sopuoj. BAi.pe.f8 seoi ejeueuu e\ ap BSAOjd NVQueg anb jejnBesv 'ooijpadsa A ajqeuozej
odoiaji ap opoued un ua sopesaoojd ueas souuejsajd A sauopuaAqns SB| anb jejnBasv 'opjAjas ns
puasjp as sa|eno se| ejed eojuiouooe efeq.uaAsap ua sapepjunuuoo SBJ ejed aiqjsaooe SBUJ OISOD un ue6ua;
NVQuea SP sooieisajd so| anb ejed 'sajaiui ofeq ap soiuejseud soj A 'sipnA ap ueSed as anb sauopuaA
-qns SB| 'seaoajip sauopuaAqns SB| BOSH sosjnoaj saJoAeoi JiBujQ -sapspmnujoD SB] speu, a|qjsuas SELU
A opjAjas |8 spBL) ope^uauo SBUJ UBBELJ o| anb soiua|aiipaoojd A seonj|od se| jB|noi!isa 'NVQuea ejed (Ł
•|suosjad |8 ue spuapuadap jouaoi uoo japaoojd uspand A uppomisuoD A
ap osaoojd |ap ossd speo ajuaoisjep uepua^ua sapspjunoioo ss| anb ejed J33OD SP
-paoojd A sBDiiipd SB| JBOiunoioo A JBJBPV 'opaAojd |ap uppsjado A u9pezi|B8J BJ ap saAeJi e 'uppso
-y.|U80 ap assj B| ap B||e SBLU enupuco somosi epuajsjSB B| anb JBjnBass A 'ssuanbad sapepiunujoo
SBJ Bjsd a;uaLUje|nDjyed JO'|BA uejB un aua^ |sno B| 'soiuoai BpuaisjSB B| ua asopusDO^ua jenujiuoo
•uppsqojdB ap osascud |a ua OOJIJJD jopsj. un OLUOD BDi|qnd uppEdpiusd B| jauaiueuu 'dHOOD el Bjed (Z
'V1IO el ^ 'IVNyVIAiaS Vd3 9P u9pBdpiyBd e| jauaiuBoi aqap a$ -ezua^uo^ uo|6aj e\
ap cxmin^ oiuajuupajo ja jepjoqa sjed BDjBaiBJisa u9peauE|d EJ jaDa|E^o.|. 'sauopnijisuj sEqais EJSJ -os
-ajBojd |8 jeoaiE^oj. A saunoioo ssuua]qojd so| oiunfuoo ua jaAjosaj ejsd seiunfsop ap opajSajui. odmB
un ap U9J3B8J3 BJ asjBjapisuoo aqap 'js6n| ns ug -seuopnjjisui sop se| ap SEAjpajip SEiunfsB| jeuiqujoo
uaqap as ON •BjnpmqssBj.j.u! e\ ap oyo-uesap |8 JsAods ap BAipajOD pspinqsLj ns A |Enp|AipU! pspjAjpap
ns jsjofaoi ojad 'sa^uajpuadapuj SBUELUjaL| seuopnijjsui OLUOD NVQUBa ^ d30OD e opusAodE jsnuj^uoo (i
SP PeP!|!^n el
sauopDB saiuajnBis SBJ uauuoi as anb spuajLUODaj E^unp E| '8iueaiB3!j.p8ds3 -oujaiqoB ap so}|E seuj sapAm so|
ap onujiuoo oAodB p uaDajauu seuopniiisui ssquiE 'oupaA uang pp iBiuaiqaiy eiunp B| ap U9jujdo e\ U3
•aiuauJBAanu sspsuioiBxa jas sjed zn| s\ B uojajsnd as 'sajuaoBAqns sauo|siuj sns uns A 'sapspjAips sns opusno
'osuaiuj ojujinjosa un o.feq uojaiAnisa sauopnijisuj seqius ' |,002 °ye p aiUBjnQ -sous soLU|i|n so| ua 'U9j6aj
E| ap EjnpmjsaBJ.).ui ap sopaAojd soj ap soqonuj ap opiuj p jod sa|qEsuodsaj opjs usq NVQuea A d3DOO
'(Oil) BDjjaoiv ayo|sj ap opjsuuoo ajqn ep opB^EJi pp aysd ouuoo sopmn sopeiss so] A ODjxaiAl ap souja;
-qo6 so| aiiue opjanoe un ap saAEJi e Ł66 1 us sepeajQ 'NVQueg A (J33CO) Bzueiuojj 601691003 uopejadooo
B| ejed uo!S!Luo3 e\ uos Bjnpmis8Bj.(.u! ap seojq.uo seal ssuopnijisui SBJ ap sop 'ezua;uoj| U9|6aj e\ •SK^
•pepuoud eqoip oqeo e JBAay e seisandsjp uejsa sauopn^sui se\ \s A pep
-uoud eun ooioo ejnpnj^aejj.ui. BJ uaoa|qeisa seoiiijod se| \s aiuaaieps aauij. auaijueuj as |eoo| ejnpnjisaejj.ui
B'| 'Ejaueuj |en6i BQ "ep!|9S ]eoo| |eiuaiquje ejnpnjisaej.).u! eun ap apuadap eueimnuioo pn|es euanq B-]
-------
•Bzsjqod EJ ua
tiaAiA onb SBjjanbe A SEijeauouiui ssuopEjqod SEJ sp pnps BJ aiqos
BUISB pp Tjpcuopjodojdsap E§JEO EJ jreuiunp ua ajsisuoD
pp saiuauodiuo3 soj sp OUQ -(spjSui us sE[2is sns jod
sopiAjag X pnjEg ap oausurejjBdsQ p jod
uisjd un 'gjEtusy p BJUUCQ uppoyy uaXnpui zayra
C| ua CIUSB pp T5UI31 p jBpjoqB jod sonuiauoD sozjatysa scrj;
•[B3OJ X pJBJSS 'pUOlSsj pAIU B O3JOltUOUI 3p SOZJ3I1JS3
S0[ pJB|I§IA OtUSIUIISy 'Z3UIU BJ U3 BUISB J3p SBSHED SBJ UB§pS3AUI
anb 'ssiuaSiA sajBjapsj uppB§ns3Aui sp sojoa/oid soj JBJT§IA
X JBUjpJOOS EJ3S SSpBpIJlqBSUodsSJ Sns 3p BUJ^ -EOUBjg BSEQ BJ
op scpuaSc A Mauiqsr) jsp sojuaurBjjredsp SDJOJBD SOJJD E sXnjoui
3 IOOZ 'wqnjoo ap yŁ ja ZSA Bjauirid jod 9junaj 35 ofBqEJtj^
op odnjcj |g -uosduioij^ Xuiraoj^ '(s?\Sui ua SBjSis sns jod
*SHH) BueuinH pnp=S 3P sopiAjag ap oiJEaajos^ ja A y^g EJ ap
UEiuiuj/jj^ BJOpEJasiuimpy EJ jod Epipisajd-oo S3 jEna BJ 'jp
jiauaiqury pepunSsg EJ A pnp§ EJ sjqos piouapisajj
sp odnjj) ja sa uppusjB sosiaui snb EApBpiui BJJO
ns ofeq 'asjipaui trepand anb Ejajuojj EJ BJred piua
-iqure pnps ap soApafqo jEjjojjEssp ap uptspap ns jtod upisiuio^)
BJ B BiSoja Bjunf Eq; -Ezyjajuoij upiSaj EJ Bjed pnjES ap BpuaSE
ns 303jqEjsa SBJiuaiut uoisirao^) EJ uco repqEn japod jaDEjd UOD
EJadss Biunf Bq -Ejunf EJ ap ssjopajuB sauopBpuaraooaj SBJ ap
Bun atij uoTstmoD Eijoip ap oiuaiuiiosjqEjsa js 'ajuarapjuappuj
•pnps ap sojunsE soj ua SEpEoojua ssp^papos SBJ
ap A puopEuiq uppEjadooo BJ ap JBUBS Eusnq Xnui Bun S3 sopiu,Q
Bzn3juoj,j pnp§ sp upisiiiuo^ Bun ap cauaTun
[3 'SEjsa ap Ejaurnd Eq -pEpiApBuiJou EJ ap puoioEU
A puopEuiq OOJEUI ja ua Bpuasajd ns jpuas uojspiij seiopaaa
-raojd Xnra pnjBs sp sEApBpiui SBUEA '^002 °yB P
•(6661
'Ajipri^) jBiuauiuojiAujj jo juaunredaQ Buozjjy ja jod '^ouEpEpnt^
jap usumsay; - sajESojvj; soqury ap ajiy jap pBpip^ ap puopEuig
-------
oiprusgj OUB EpBO Biouog 'sapSojsj; ua ~Łfy A. Buozpy 'sap§oj\[
ua SEiraBuiajd sauanui ooup B uapuodsauoo EiruBuiajd auanui
ap SESEJ SEJ ua soiuaumB sojsg -aauauiEApoadsaj 'ojuap jod jj
X ^ tm BisELj ap 'sspoaBJidsaj A sajejnosEAOipjEO SBsnBO rod SBTOEUI
-aid sawanui ap ESBJ BJ us oiuaumB un pwodai as SBUiapy -BJSIUOJJ
BJ ap sopBj soquiE ua oiuap jod g tm EJSEIJ sosiaApB sopojBJid
-saj sojoaja soj X BUISE ap soiposida soj ap ojauinu p jreiuaumB ajuaui
-ppuaiod Bjjpod sapBprunuioo sssa ua OlpVd B Eoidp uppisodxa
BJ anb UOJEJISOUI oiprasa ajsa ap soSzEjpij scr[ -pups BJ B soSsap
soj ap puopBmq SISTJBUB un pAnjoui ajp jap pBpipo BJ ap osuaoxa orp
-rasa un 'sap§oj\[ soquiy ap SEUBunaij sapBpnp SEJ ua 'SBUI uny
'(8661 W '& 'I c»!FapuEA '«P3HS
Jiy airojvj jap OSEJ aip ui ssaujn; A\tojBjidsa-g OTOBipaj aanoy puB
Ajijeri^) Jiy juaiquiyj ajusiqure ja ua Olygj ap sauopujjuaouco
SEJ uoo opBposB EqBjsa 'pEpa ap SOUE Ł\ v i ap souiu ua BUJSB js uoo
SEpEuopBpj Bpua&suia ap SBJISIA ap oirerp ojaumu ja anb pjnuooua
'auoj\[ jap OSBJ jg ap BouajsouiiB Bouano BJ ua SEpnSe sajijirejui SBIJOJ
-BJidsaj sapBpauuajpua ap ajuapaj oiprasa un 'ojduisja joj -EOtjqnd
pnjBs BJ A airs jap pEpijBo BJ ajjua uppcauoo BJ SBUJ une trensanraap
SEzpaiuojj sapEpiuntuoo SEJJO ua sopEzijBaj sorprasa scrj
uapand uaiqurea anb '(QD) ouoqjEO ap oppcpuoui ap
sapBppuED jpiuia apand upiqurej Boinoapouijaa BjuBjd Bim 'sajoxi
-uoo JBU3J ou jy -EUISB ap sanbEjE resnra apand A sajqEpnps son
-piAipui soj ap sauouijnd soj ap uopunj EJ jEjoajE apand 'sEpBiapoui
sauopBnuaouoD ua UTIB 'EUISIUI is jod XQN F uppisodxa vr\ -jaaup
p ajuaraajqisod A 'BmjEuiaJtd awanui BJ B 'sauouijnd soj E ousp
p 'SBUoiEJidsaj sauopoajui SEJ BDBTJ pEptjiqpdaosns BJ ua oauaumB
un B 'EUISB ap sanbBjB soj uoo opEposB Bjsa pno ja '0^p\J,J ap
-BUIJOJ BJ E aXnqpiuoo uaiqurea isauouijnd soj E BsnBD XON
A ajjnzE ap oppcpip ja ouico sajBa saatiBuiurejuoo sono anb ouEp
ja EJIJIOBJ anb aiireipji un sa ouozo ja 'BjauBui pnSt aQ -sauorajnd
soj E ouEp jEsnBo apand ozB.jd O§JEJ -e. uppisodxa EJ A 'sopnSs sopoj
-Ejtdsaj sEuiajqojd JESUBD apand ozsjd OUOD E ouozo ap sajaAiu sojp
B uppisodxa BT[ -Souis jap ajuauoduioD pdpupd ja 'ouozo jeiauaS
•BJEd BjajspuuB BJ ua (AOD) sajpEjoA sooiuESjo sojsanduioo soj
uoo Buiquioo as XOJS[ '°uozo J3P uppEuiioj EJ ua jadEd ns B opiqap
pnjainbm UBsnBO anb sBomopjaouijai SEiuBjd SEJ ap sauoisiuia sapd
-pupd SBJ ap Bun uaAtupsuoD ( XQN) ouaSpniu ap soppco so^ -ajp
jap pspijED Bpui BJ B opiqap pnps ap SBiuajqojd ap sodp SOIJEA isaio
ap ppuaiod ja uauap sEopjoajaouijaa SEiuBjd ap sauoisiui/sE^;
•jEnsiA ojuaunpaduii ja A 'EiSreaaj BJ 'jEfBqBjj ap pBppEdED BJ ua upp
onpaj Bun uoo sopBposB uEjsa sopBAaja sajaAra soj A saiBjnosEAOip
-JEO sapEpauurajua ap uaims anb sonpiAipm sopnbE EjBd oSsap un
sa ouoqiBO ap oppcpuoui p uppisodxa EJ 'SEUiapy -sauouijnd soj ua
B ajuauiajuauEiujad jBpanb uapand SBUIJ SEjnopjBd SEJ anb
nA 'sajEjnosBAOipjEO sapEpauiiajua SBJ A BjmjEuiajd awanui BJ uaXnjoui
anb pnps ap soioaja sopas uoo EpEposE Bjsa 'SBjnojUBd ouioo
oppouoo ajuauiunraoo 'OAjod p A UJJJOTJ p uppisodxa Bq -sauoui
-md soj ap sapa:red SBJ B otrep A uopEuiEjjui JEsnBo A SEpojBjidsaj
sauopoajui SEJ E pEpijrqpdaosns EJ jEiuaumE apand uaiqurea ouozo
p uppisodxa Bq -SBOipam SBJISIA SBJ ap A soauaureoipaui ap osn
p opuEjuaumE 'sEUOjEjidsai sauopipuoo SEJIO A BUISE ja jBqjaosxa
uapand SBjnopjBd SEJ A ouozo ja ouioo sajBj sajuBunuEauoo soq
'Z661 -^Z86I ojdaoxa 'ouBEpEo sapuopEuX
sapjBjsa saiEpuBjsa soj uoiarpaoxa OIjAjj ap sajaAiu soj A '%f9 un ua
uojEjuauinE upiSai EJ ua ouozo ap sounxBiu sajaAiu soj 'oiprasa jap
opopad ja aiuBjnp 'aauauiBApEouroSis -spd jap ojsaj ja ua anb sajro
-ABUI saoaA sail B sop ap iraa orpauiojd ua anb 'BUISE ja uoo sspBuop
-Bjai uppBzijBjidsoq ap SBSEJ Bjuaj 'Biujojfip[) ua 'ppadraj opEpuo^
ja anb pjaAaj '^(,(,1 A Ł261 3I*U3 '^UISB jap EsnBO B souiu ap sauopBzi
-pjidsotj SEJ ap oiprasa un 'ojduiaja JtOjj -EpBSau jas apand ou pnps
ap Buiajqoid opas un ouioo Bpuasaid ns 'sopiuQ sopEjsg-oopcpj/^
Bzpajuojj upiSaj BJ ua BUISE jap Bpuappui EJ ajqos sopspjap
sojEp jauajqo Jioijip sa anb ap JBsad y "sopiuj^ sopEjsg soj ua soyiu
ap uppEzijEjidsoij EJ ap unuioo SBUJ EsnBO BJ sa BUISE jg 'EUISB ja sa
uppBdnooaid JOABUI EsnEo anb pnps ap ssuiajqojd soj ap ou[\
•souiu
soj ua sosiaApE sojoaja E§uaj anb ajqBqojd SEUI sa A ajp jap uppsu
-IUIEJUOO ap sapjauaS sajaAiu soj E aXnqpjuoo 'sajqpsnquioo sojsa
jod oppnpojd sajUEuruiBjuoo ap opE&EO oumtj ja 'ojsa ap opEjjnsaj
ouio[) -SBOiuimb SEpuEjsns uoo sopBjEjj opis jaqEij uBppod anb
BjapBui ap sojsaj o ujjjass ouioo sajEj 'pEpyjEO EfBq ap uos sappajEui
sojsa 'ajuarapjauaj) -sajuaipo SESBO sns jauaiUEUi BJBd jauajqo
uBpand anb ajqpsnquioo ap odp jambpno UEzrjpn A saauapijap
SBpuatAiA ua USATA 'BajE ja ua sozijajuoij saiuapissj sotjonui 'SEUiapy
'(8661 'JaasiuuBg puE UBunjoBjg) saiopapsjp soj ua sappisnpui
SEjuEjd SBOTA ap sauoisrais SEJ A 'SEUSKJE sEuisnb 'sopEiuaunAEdsap
SOUIUIEO 'sopEuopsaSuoo sozpaauojj sajuand soj ua sojnojtjaA soj
ap adEosa ap ouimj ja uaXnjoui saaua/nqpiuoo so~[ -sajuanj ap pspai
-JEA Bun E opiqap Eioaduia zaiEnf pEpnQ-osEj jg ap EopajsouijE
Bouano BJ ua ajp jap pspijEO EJ 'sojxf sasaui soj aairemp 'ojd
-uiaja JQJ; -pnps ap SEUiajqojd ua uBjjnsai sajBno soj 'ajre jap uppEUi
-UIBJUOO ap SEuiajqojd sowap auap Bzijaiuojj pBpranuioo Bps^
•aroaiquiE oipaui ja A Bi&aua BJ 'ajjodsuEn jap sajojoas soj ap
sajopBjsiSaj soj anua EUBOjao SEUI ofBqEB ap uppEjaj Btm jaoajqBjsa
ap pBpisaoau BJ UEABjqns 'pnps ap SEUiajqoid soj A ajp jap uppEU
-IUIBJUOO ap saiBjnopiBd saauanj SEJ auua saoEjua soj 'ssuiapy -pnps
EJ A jEjuaiquiB EiraonnsaEiiui BJ aiiua aoEjua ja vied OSBO auijjj un
Euopjodoid uaiqurea Bjajuojj BJ ua ajre jap uppEuraiBiuoo Bq;
-------
•(sopruji sopBjsg soj ap sotreumjq soptAiag A pnpjj sp orasuiEWEdsQ)
sjBd ]3 opoa ua sajuBiiqEij QOO'OOI ^P10 J°d SOSK> 9'6I ^ ^znajuog upiSsj EJ us saiuBjtqEij QOO'OOl
BpBD JOd SOSBD /Ł uo:) 'Spd P °P°J U3 3nb EZTJ3JUOJJ Uplxbj BJ US EJJE SBUI UaiqUIEJ
ap epuappui BJ 'ODD9JAJ ug; -sajoEjiqEq QOO'OOI ^P153 J°d 9'8 3P JBUOIOEU ESBJ ~e.\ snb JO/BUJ
ssn VSK> ss 'ssjuspsj SOUB us s3juBjiqBi{ QOO'OOI ^P^5 JOCJ Z'9Z 3P soP!un soprasg soj sp Bznsjuojgf
upjSsj B{ us y snuBdsij sp ESEI Eq •opEf|riBiiiBDp ap SEtiSs SEJ A Bn§E pp SSAEJJ B BpB§Edojd p^paur
-J3JU3 Eim 'y spnBdsq E[ S3 sojdrasfs soass ap OUQ -EnSe p Bred BJraDnnsaBjjur sp rouareo BJSS
B opiqsp oApE§3u OJD3J3 un 3jsrx3 anb sp uppEjepap BJ UEJoqojjoo pnps ap sBDpsipBjsa SE^[
•sspmsnpm sonpissj ap sourarisj us
'soprjps sonpissj A sapnpisaj SEnSs ap sajusjspcs sBjnjDnjjssBjjui SBJ sjqos upisajd
usiquiBj SBJOpEjmbEui ap ojsranu p ua ojusranE jg '(Z66I ''3'f 'uopireig ?g -r)-Ł 'uipug)
ojusp jod c, pp puopBU oipauiojd un E opBiBduioo 'opEnospB SEpsqna sp BUJSJSIS un sp USD
-area SBxaj^ap SBIUOJO^J SE[ ap U9pEjqod EJ ap ojusp lod Ł\ p 'ojduiafo joj -sspEpauusjus A pnps
BJ B sosJSApB soiDsjs Jtijns sp soSssu sns opuBjusumE 'EpBuiuiBjuoD A BpBiBjj ou En§E p oassndxa
opuais EnunuoD sozpsiuog ssjuspisaj ap ojsrapu UBJ§ UQ -sausurepidBj opuspajo UEJSS snfa SBZ
-usiuo^ ssuopsjqod SBJ B jauajsos sp ssDBdEoui opts UBIJ 'EnSs sp ojuaiuiEiBJi A sopijos sonpissj sp
ssuopBjBasut SBJ / 'opEjjiJEjuBDp sp SEUJ3JSIS soj 'Bn§E sp sEUJSjsis soj opua/njDui ssiuaisixs SEoijqnd
SEJTOonjassBgui SB^ -upjSaj BJ sp ssiuEiiqEtj soj sp pnps BJ A pjusiqure BrnjomissBijui BJ SJJUB
sjspra snb aoBjua jsp ssauajod SBUI sojduiafs soj sp oun saAOjd BnSs jap pBprjBO EJ ap BUJSJ jg
•/euopeu BA/je/s/Se/ epuaBe
e/ sp 3J.U3JJ. \e asjeue;ueuj eqep enb ejetu eun 'se/qepn/es sezuejuoj/ sepep/u
-niuco se/ BJBC/ o;/s/nbej-ajd un sa ep//ps jeiuaiquue BjnjorajsaBj/u/ eun 'sjai/Biu
/sn6; 9Q 'ep//ps ajuaoBA'qns /e^ue/quje ejnjonjjssej/u/ sun uoo ajueuve/os cue//
ap asjaoa/qs^sa uapand 'sosoj6//ad sa/euajeuv ap ojnSas o/ausuj /a je/nuj/jsa
/C 'Bn6e ap sosjnoaj so/ a;uaLUBnu/juoD jejjs/u/LupB 'aj/e /ap pepijeo e\ jejofeuu
ejed 'osajGuoQ /e A" a^uap/sajj /B aujjo/u/ o;u/nQ ajsa ua sauopepuaaiooaj SB-/
S0| 3p
p X
onpai nang pp paiqniv ?jmf BJ ap auuojni OIMO
-------
•oijjDsa eauoj.u|
un asjE3.uese.jd aqep 'ssues soueiu seBnj. ejej -o^uose auuojuj un op opmBes
'cnueujE^BdeQ |ap eisandsey ep |EuopE|xj OJIUSQ \e oo\uo±3\3i euuoj.uj un
ejambej as 'soues saiuappuj so| SJEJ 'lOOSR B sayodaj a|jeuopjodcud ep 01
-jsmbej |a uaueji sajopeyod so| 'e^uappuj un ap oseo ug 'opjeoioD |a ue sosojB
-i|ed sa|Buaq.eai ueyodsueji o uaoajp enb seuosjed se||anbe ejed oiuejoieuajiue
ap sojjsmbaj UBO^padsa uaiqaiei ss|6aj SBisa 'pspunBas BJ jeiuaujns BJB,.]
•anbjsquja p uoo epuaBjaoia ap u9pBauoj.ui ep sooiuoj.e|ej
scueiunu so| jeeAOjd A 'sopoiqeA so| ua SBDBjd se\ ue 'saianbsd so| ua SBienbpa A
sBOjeoi jauai ueAnpu; seisg -OJJSUBJI ue se|Bua}BLU so^sa uoo sopsposs sojByad
so| ap BDjeoB 'oojiqnd \e A 'sBpuaBjeuua B japuodsej ep sopsBjeoua so| B'sspB|
-n6aj sapepp.ua SB| e JBLUJOJ.UI Bjsd eoiaisjs un ueuijap u9pBojunaio3 ap se|6ej
SB-) -ssBn.). jeqBtj ujs eyodsueji. |ap sajoBu so| JB^uenBB Bjsd seijanj aq.ueoiaiuap
-ij.ns o| sesBAue ue sopsDedaia uos sosoj6j|ad sa|Bueq.eoi so| anb jejnBass ejsd
opE^enbaduje ap suja^sis un ueoeiqsq.se U9puaiuoo ep SB|6ej se-] -soj6i|ed ap
U9pBomnuj(x> B| A U9puaq.uoo B| :soj|doiB soijsmbaj sop ueueiq. (008-001 ddD 6V)
so3.uauje|6aj 50^.53 -sosoj6i|ad sa[BueiBLU ap ojnBas eyodsusji |e jBjnBesB ejsd
sa|Bjapej. soiueaie|6aj so| jBoydB A jjijtue ep pBpi|!qBSUodsaj B| auaji '(se[Bu!
ue S6|6js sns jod 'lOOSH) 0033 sol 9P snodsuBjj_ ep
-------
•soDjueBjo sojsanduiOD 39 A se|ejeoi g ap seoixpi. sapepajdojd
se| ua opeseq Vd3 Bl 9P peppixo} ap souaiuo so| eoe.pp.es anb osojBjpd onpjsej opoj_
•sopiuajuoo sase6 A 'sopinbj] 'sopips-iuias 'sopi|9s 'opuaAnpuj 'ueupasap as anb sa|e
-uajBiu 5040 A 'ezajnduji 'oipasap 'ejnseq jambpno 'v^oy aujjap o| anb ua eujjoj. e| aQ
•so|jeppaj ap uopuajuj e| auap. as |s oAp.e|n6aj ODJBUJ pp ejanj. uaeo 'yyoy ofeq sopiuy.ap
soscuBjpd sonpisaj so:uap anb A 'ajuajajip ejaueui ap osojBipd onpjsaj un aAnijis
-uoo anb O| auy.ap as ODjxa|/\| ua anb JBJOU asjaDei) aqaQ 'opi|9s onpisaj un ap U9piuy.ap
B| jaoBjsjies ojauiud aqap onpjsaj un 'osoj6j|ad onpjsaj un jas EJEJ -yyoy ejed uopEiuauj
-9|duui ap so}uauue|6aj so| ofsq seppaiqsisa sauopjujj.ap o/A soua;uo so| aDej.s|jBS
is osoj6j|ad onpisaj un jas apand osojBjpd |Buajeuj up -epeidojclBUi ejaueoi ap opefaueui
jas |B ajuajqujB ojpatu \e o BUBUunq pn|es e| e |epua;od o |Bnpe |epueisns oj6j|ad un ei
-uasajd (q) o 'jejpedBDUj apand anb a|qisjaAaj o a|qjsjaAajjj pepauuaj.ua eun o pepyeijouj
B| aiuaLUBAijeoi^|u6js eiuaoine o BsnBo (e) sesopDaj.uj o 'seojujinb 'SBOJSJJ 'seoijsuapBjeo
o 'U9PB4U3DUOO 'pepijueo ns e opjqap 'anb opi|9s onpisaj un '1,92 yjQ Qfr ue eP!u!J-3P ^
'(sa|Bui ua se|6js sns jod 'yyOH) sosjnoay ap U9pejadnoay A u9peAjasuoQ ap epy Is °fea
•(sa|6uj ua se|Bjs sns jod 'v^VS) opuojjadng |ap U9pezuo;neay
ap spy |a ofsq se^iajqn^ -aj|e p jod sepjijiusuej; ajuaoi|Bjaua6 'seuanbad sapep
-I1UB3 e syoo aiuaoiBAiiB|aj U9pisodxa eun ap sandsap a|qjsjaAajjj ouep un o aijanoi e|
jEsnso uapand anb e opiqap 'sspe^iodaj jas e seiafns seDjuujnb sepuejsns ap odnj6 un uos
SBSOj6i|ad ajuaoiBoins sspusisns SB) anb uajquiE} asa}O|\j -(opuo.uadns o ,,pun.uadns,/
[a OUJOD sppouoo '(sa|6uj ua SB|6|s sns jod 'viOy33) pepyiqesuodsay A 'U9pesuadujo3
'|Biuaiquuv Bjsandsay ap |ejauaQ jejapa-j spy |a ofBq ssyajqnQ 'VZQZ y=13
Ot? ua sspBisj) uaoajsdB anb SBpusisns se||anbe aAnpuj ouiouaj [3 -ajuajqaiB ojpaai |e
o 'ODi|qnd je^auaiq p A pn|es e| B |Epua}od oj6i|ad un jBiuasajd uapand ajuajqoie oipaoi
|a ua s{e)opBjaqi| jas |B anb 'sepu6q.sns A sauopnps 'sspzauj 'soisandujoo 'so;uauja|g
us uaoajede anb ojBjpd ap sauojSjAjp A sasep se| ejed sou
so| uaDejsjies anb saisuaieuj so|pnbe A '((.Qf m ydD 6V) IQl'lLl ^ed 'sa|Bjapalj
sojuaujB|Bay ap o6jp93 pp ^ o|nij_L p ofeq soscu&pd OUJOD sopeuBjsap sa|Bua^euj
'BpBAap BjniBjadoiai. ap sapuaieuj 'SOUUBUJ saq-UBUjujeiuoo 'sosojBjpd sonpisaj 'sesojS
-j|ad SBDueisns se\ e aAnpuj oujujjai |g -ejaueiu pi ap (e)opBuBjsap opjs eAeq anb A 'opja
-UJOD p ua opeyodsuBJ} jas \e pspaidojd A 'pspunBas 'pnps e| ejed a|qeuozejjj oBsau un
jsjuasajd ap peppsdBD B| jauaj opsujujjajap sAeu, as anb jeuaieuj o epueisns eun '(s?|6uj
ua se|6|s sns jod 'IQQ) 0033 s°| SP s:uodsuBJj_ ap oiuauevBdaQ pp se|6aj se| ofeg
•BSOjBjpd Bojujjnb BpuBjsns eun jas ap U9puaiu| e| auag ou osojBipd onpjsaj upi 'VHSO
e| jod o (sa|6ui ua se|6is sns jod 'oyvi) JS^UBQ p ajqos sauopeBjisaAui ap |euopeujaju|
BpuaBv B| ap SBJJ.BJBOUOUJ SEJ ua sappuaiod souaB9upJEo uos anb opeuiujja^ap
BABt) as anb o .'ejBo|ODjxoj_ ap |EuopE[\j eujEjBoj,.] pp souaB9upje3 ajqog pnuy aujjo.(.u|
|ap BiS|| B| ua uaoajEds anb so|pnbe :(sa|6u! ua se|6js sns jod Xll) |ejqujn ap aiioij| jo
-|BA un UOD '(s?|6ui ua SB|Bjs sns jod 'HIDDV) sapiuaujeujaqnQ sa|eu}snpu| seis!ua|6j|-| ap
Bueouaujv Bpuaja^uoQ e| :(i3d) a|q!S|Ujjad U9pjsodxa ap a;iujj| un uoo VHSO el :SP Bls!|
B| ua uaoajeds anb SBOiujjnb sspueisns se| sspoj e aAnpu; oisg '(s?|6ui ua se|6is sns jod
VHSO) leuopedroo PnleS ^ pspunBag ap u9pEJis|U!UJpv e\ ap ojBipj ap uopeDjunujoQ
ap JBpuejsg p ofeq oprnpuj Bjsa anb '(sa|6u| ua se|6|s sns jod 'SQSIAl) |Buaie|/\|
|ap pspunBas ap SOJBQ ap eFon Bun ajambaj anb osojBipd [euaieuj opoi e aAnpuj
031x9). onpjsey
opijos onpissy
osoj6|;ad onpjsey
Bsoj6j|ad
BDjuijnb epue^sng
•osojBjpd onpjsaj ap p OUJOD \ei 'soujujjaj so| ap soun6|e ejsd U9piu!.j.ap Ejdojd ns auap. oDjxa|Aj
anb asa;ou JOABJ. jo,.) 'sopiup sopBisg so| ua uEDi|de as anb ua ejaueoi B| ap sopju^ap uos souiujjai saiuajnBjs so~\
-------
•ojaaiurejBJO ap o auodsuBjj ap sauopBpism
3 'apjopw ap sauopBpism 'ojiraraiBuaDBuip ap sauopBpjstn 'SBJ
-OpBJSUaS SaUOpBplSUT SBJ U3 alBUaDBUIJB p Bred 'JTjdujnO 3SJ30BXJ
irepand anb X soatuij oduran ap saiittnj isoajqBisa Bred 'sosoiS
-ijad sonpissj sp ASJ BJ B ssisnfe JSOBIJ traispisuoo 3A"b Bred SBUTO
-pcsta sspBppoanB SBJ B jejusfy -ssjaaut sp sosojSipd sonpissj
gp S3juajspc3 sonis us oipsuiai sp sofeqBJi 'ODpcpp\[ us 'oqBO B JBA
-sjj Bred soiresaosu sosBd soy reiTpBj 'pBpapos ap miJidss p ug
•ODIX3IAI N3
i oiN3iiAivN3DviAnvi3 yvaaoav
ivNODVNia oooivia 13
•oiiraturetrajiira ns jBiusuinB X ssjojoadsui JBJTOUCO
Bred sosjnosj SSJO/BUI JSSAOJJ -uppBairejd sp ooiSpiBJiss opoj^m
un optrezijpn 'Eptreutap E[ us ojusutnE p jrepoincoE Ejecf sscrop
-BJBJSUI SBA3HU JTHJISUOD A S3JU31SK9 SB§3pOq SBJ reZIUJ3pO]/\J
'SVynD3S OiN3llAIVN3DVI/\nV
30 S3NODV1V1SNI y3N31NVIAI
A avsyo >/yvd sozusndss soi yvAOdv m
OlN3IIAIVN3DV!AnV
puopBinq
oaiqure un us 'Bquira E{ B BUTIO BJ sp suodsuBia pp oasydmoo
ojpBno p jsusjqo Bred SBraaasis soass JBDIJIUH ap s3pBpt|iqisod SBJ
reiojdxg -oopcppvj ira sjredBjjuoo ns sp sojBp sp aseq BJ X yjg; BJ
sp sjpnzBj^ sorep sp ssBq B| sp ojttsiurepuBug p uco renupuo[)
3Q V1AI31SIS 13 a3D31VldOd B
•BJ31UOJJ B| 3p S3ABH
B sosojSipd sonpissa sp ODTJBJJ pp OSBSBJ p A uppBognirapi
B{ U3 '^3] BJ 3p UppBOIjdB 3p X B3TUO31 pBpDBdBO BJ JBJU3UinB Bred
flflHH S0| 3p SOZTJ31UOJJ SOpBJSS SOJ B SSplIOpIpB SOpUOJ J33AOJJ
•S3iaVUNOD SVIA1 NV3S
VDNV1I9IA 30 SOIAISINVD31A1 SOI 30D MSOVH B
•sspuopBUtq A sspuopBU sojuaure|§3J UOD ojiraranjdumD
p rezpsj Bred A 'sossoojd A soausranoop soj sp scaismbsj
soj reoyirejo Bred 'sosojSijsd sonpissi sp uppisodsTp A opuBui
ap SBjSai SBJ ajqos 'BJOpEjmbBtu Bmsnpm BJ Bred soipsui sono A
'S3J3JJBJ 'sotreuTturas sp spABJa B uppBUUojui joXBUi reuopjodojj
•NOisndia 30 sozasndss oavo v yvA3n B
•sspuopButq sauopBpoSau SBJ
us sspdpupd soj sp oun OUIOD uoTsnostp sp ^uisj sjss reognuspi
SOI 3P opjsuio^ ap sjuBjtissajds-a ja A vd3 V1
•svoiinod 30 ssNOisnosio svi vavd
swdioNiyd sxn 30 visin soyo
-Dii3d sonoiS3a son so oNaoisy 130 MSOVH B
sosoHon^d sonaisan la ONHOIHH
•Biujojip3 'ooixap^ ap Bare ja ua oip
-njsa ja OUIOD sapa 'saauaistxa sojapoui sajqisod soj opuBUiuiBxa
'SBare SBUI uanbjBqB anb Bred sosojSijad sappaiBui ap sojonp
-ojd ap soTpmsa soj reijdure ap sopijauaq soj reiapisuoo anb Aen
•soSsan soj jpnpai A 'sosmoaj ap osn ja A uppEuSisB BJ rejnSasB
'uppBogpou ap SBraaasis soj rejopui UBpand sBUBUijatj sapBpnp
SBJ anb Bred BpuaSupuoo ap sairejd ap u9pBauauiajdtui BJ B BIJD
-------
-JEW JEQ 'sapEpiunmoD A sBijiuiEj sns B jaSaioid jod ozjanjsa p
asiiun uepand SOZIJSIUQJJ saiuapisai SBUI snb Bred 'BJSJUOJJ BJ ap
spAEn B sosojfijad sonpisai X sosojStpd sappajBui ap sanbrequia
soj uoo sopcuopupj soisp so[ E oDjjqnd osaDDB joXEui
•VDnand NOovDnca vi A vmvuniAiOD
aVQDVdVD 3d NODVIAlHOd VI HVAOdV
SOSED U3 BpEJIUniHOD BIDU3JSISB BJ OUIOD
JSB OpBUIpJOCO JOfolU SEpUaSupUOD ap OJUatUIEaUEjd Un UBJ
-i|pej upiquna sapspapos SEIJDIQ -oApBjnSaj oiuaitmjduinD pp
S3|Epjur sauopBoipur SEJ asjipatu uapand apuop "BpBjjua ap soi
-asnd soj ua aauauirejnDnred 'ODpEuiajsis opojaui p us A SEAUEJB
-dooa sspEpaioos SBJ us siSBjup jguoj 'jBDoj o pjBjss
ofuq piss Xaj EJ sp uppBojjdB EJ X oiuaiuiijduino pp
E[ opusna wusuuEjnDnJBd 'sapooj X sapaEass sajopBjrtSgj soj uoo
saiUEdpiwed sspyspsj sEpus§B SEJ sp uopDEjraju; B[ JSAOUIOJJ;
'S313AIN
SOI SOdOI V NODDX^HINI XTI d3AOIAIOyd H
•Bpsjius sp oaund jrod pEpnuBD X 'oissn sp sspAiu 'sojonpoid
sns ua SBpesEq SBayjoadss sapEprpooj B usjonjoAui snb sspEppo
-ud J303[qws3 sp psprjiqisod B[ asjapisuco snfa XBJ^ -Bnuiiuoo BJS
-uctu ap BpusjsiSE op sojunfuoD sozjsnjss oqEo B SSJEASJJ uBJsqsp
'OUBSS33U B3J3p 3p pAJU p 31U3UIBpEnD3pB J3U3JUBUI BJBJ
sp SOSBD Bred sspooj sEjusiuiBjjau, X odmbs
wed SOSJH33J ap upisrAcud EJ jmpur sqsp ssuispy -BpuaSisura sp
sosco ua Bjssndssj X 'oJDBpiuns ap sopprafo 'sosojSipd sonpissj
X sajEuaicui ap uppBaJodxa/uppBaJoduit BJ 'sosojSipd sspii
-aiuui ap ojuaiuiEuaDBiujB ap SESJB SBJ ua ojuaiuiBuanua ja jmpui
pjsqap pcpiDBdED ap ojjojjEsap jg -pEppBdEo ap oijojjesap ja UOD
sap»oj sapEpiunuioo SBJ E JUSISB Bred sapiapaj sosjnoaj soj JtSiJiQ
'S3y31NI 30 SOSdfOSH •
VIDN3Dil3IAI3 3Q SOSVD N3 VlS3ndS3M
•oiuaiuiEuaDEuip ap sajBuop
-IpB S3UOpBJB3SUI Jod BpUEUlap BJ JBpIOqE BJBd SaiOpEAOUUI
sanfaojua JBUIOJ Bred soziarysa sns jod pBpiuntuoo BJ B asjBjpijaj
sqaQ -ODireJi ap sapdpuud SBpajre SEJ ap o§rej oj B SBpBDiqn pEp
-np B| ap SBare ua SEprnjisuoo jas uspand ajuaurejos sBAanu SE§
-apoq SEJ anb Bred SBUOZ ap uppnqpjsip ns opBrqureo Bq opare-j
'spuiapy -sosoj§Tjad sapuajBui ap ofaireui ap sonismbaj soj
uoa BjduinD as anb Bred 'SBSapoq ap sopEajduia soj Bred pjjsatuijj
ojuaiureuajjua Buopjodoid uppBpunj B^ -uppBmrs Bjsa JEJ
-ofaiu Bred opuBfeqEJa uEisa opareq ap ojjoiresaQ jap uppBpunjj
BJ OUIOD sapj sodnjS sounSjy -SEUJJOU SBJ Jijduma jaDEij Bred BO
-uajstSE joXBtu jyqpaj ap pEptsaoau EJ opuEjjsnjr 'sosojgjpd sapij
-aiBut ap ofauBiu X ojuaiuiEuaoEuip ja ua sauopsjoiA ^g pnuooua
'pjapaj/pjEjsa/pooj ajuEjado Bzjanj Bun jod oqBO B pAajj as
3nt> 'OOOZ P U3 SBSapoq cm ap uppoadsui BUQ -sajuEAajaj sapja
-paj X sapjBjsa sBpua§B SBJ sspoj ap UBUI§IJO as anb sosojSrjad
sapijareui ap SEUIJOU SEJ UOD uajduinD anb asremSasE Bred Buop
-Dadsui SBJ X sESapoq SEjsa Bred sosiuxrad apuapxa opare-j 'uapjQ
Bjsa ofeg -/66I us ZŁZ~L6 U3PJO BI opuE§jnuiojd 'Btuajqojd
ajsa repjoqE Bred uppDE puioj opareq 'pEpnp EJ ua SE§apoq
ap ojuauins ua pBppUBD BJ ua sosoiSijad sapijajEui ap ofouEui
X ojuaiuiEuaDEujp jap EDJSDB sapnjainbui SEJ E opiqaQ
•saui BpED oa
-uaiureuaDBiup ap opBdsa ap sopBjpBHD said OOO'OOO'I-OOO'OOS
ap otpauiojd un opuaipEUB 'ssSapoq QOO'^ SBUn BJU3J opare^
anb BjnDjBO as 'IQQZ p ug -SBxaj^ 'opareq ua BJBJD SBUI EjauBui ap
SOJSIA jas SEzmb uapand 'Bzpaauojj upiSaj BJ ua ojuaitUEuaoBuip
ap sauopBpjsui ap BjnjDnnsaBjjui BJ ajqos sauopEDgiurej sns
^ Dli P °P!C13P awodsiiBjj ja ua ojuauinB jap ojDBduii jg
ODIdJD3dS3 OSVD NO 'SVX31 'OQ3il\n
•repnXB uEpand asuapiunopBjsa opuojjadng
PP oipauiai ap SBjuaituBjjaq SBJ anb Bred (sopiuf} sopEjsg soj ap
aiuaiquiB oipaui p X BUBuinq pnps BJ E ajaijaj as anb 'EDgpadsa
as ou ojad 'apuapuaajqos as)
-------
UOS OU EjalUOJJ BJ ap OSJBJ OJ B UalSpO snb OlUaiUreUSDBUJp BJBd
SaUOpEplSUI ap 0303X3 OjaUinU pp BDJ30E SEOpSIpEJS3 SV~[
•ODixap\[ BpBq USA anb sasuapiunopBjsa ssusiq
jBUSDEUip BiBd SE§spoq SBUISIUI SBJ uBsn as 'opnusui y -pug ou
-pssp ns B UBA3JJ so] snb sssuapiunopBjsa sauoiuiBD jod sopiSoDSj
jas BiSEtj sopEUSDBUip uos sauaiq so] apuop 'sasuapiunopBiss
SBSapOq BJSBIJ BJSJUOJJ EJ 3p SSAEJJ B SSUSiq SO] UBASJJ 'O3JJBDB
3p SSUOIUIBD OUIOD SOppOUOD 'OUOD SJJodsUBJl 3p S3UOIUIBO SOJ
'jljy -31313 ns uESjEossp spuop 'BJSJUOJI BJ sp ouBopraui opBj pp
irepsnb snb sE§apoq EMEU. uBpueui Bpireisip B§JBJ ap auodsuBJi
3p SOUEDpCaUI SSUOJUJED SOJ 'pnjOB BUISJSIS p Opg -pTO3inbut
Bun A pBpiJOud Bun opusis snSis 'BinSss BUJJOJ us sosojSipd ssp
-U3JBUI JBUSDBUIp BJed BZIJ3JUOJJ UOlSsj BJ 3p
^;- < ^.\/
•sonpissj sspa sp opBnospBui
uppisodsip A ofouBui un ap pspijiqisod BJ BiusranB ss pro p us
pp 3§ms snb BAnBjnSaj sjqumppjsom BJ 'oSrequia ujs -soziisjuoij
-SUEJJ sosojStpd sonpissj sp sojimsB soj sp OAOBjnSsj ojusranpusjus
p OpBJofota BIJ 'IXX BJ3JUOJ.J 3p S3pEpIAI»B SBJ 3p O»3JIp OpBipSSJ
OUIOO 'UOIDBUIpJOOD JO^BUI VU[\ 'SBJS1UOIJ SBJ Sp S3ABB B BZIJIAOUJ 3S
aiss SBBUsrai 'snbiBquis owsp B Boupsdsa uppBuwojur BJ STOSUIJTOBJ
JBJTudBD BJBd SOpBZIUOUJJB UBJSa IU 'OJSJUS Opp p UB3J03TUOUI SOUED
-praui soy ra sssuspranopBisa OSJJSBJ sp SBUJSJSIS soj ra 'BDODBid BJ ug
:O3JJlSVy 3O SV1A131SIS B
•pug ounssp ns BJSBIJ usSuo ns spssp Bunjjodo
A aauspgs aaiodsuBjj sp BOTJ Bun us SJSISUOD sosoiSipd sonpisaj
3p SOJU3UJESJBD SOJ B OJD3ds3J UOD OUITjdp BUIBIOUBd 13 'Bp
-BJJUS sp souand sojiap ua ssjqBJOABj SBUI SBUIJOU SBJ jETjoaAOidB
BJBd sBpuBasip SB§JBJ jod sosoiSipd sonpissi uswodsuBij
as snb sp pBpijiqrsod BJ siqB oisg; -uppomssj BunSuiu jsuaj ou
apsnd oupsA opBjsa un us BpBJius sp ouand un oja,j -sosojiijad
sonpisaj B opuaXnjDui 'sopiuf} sopBisg soj 'sp o 'B sosojSijad sap
-iiaiBiu sp Bpips o BpBJius BJ sjitujsd ss sspno soj us SEpiSuijjsai
SBJOIJ A SBjp jausj spsnd BpBijus sp owand un 'ojduisfs 103
•ousnd p ojisnd sp UBUBA sosojSijsd sonprssj ap sauopBjjodxs A
ssuopBuodun SBJ uoo sopBUopBjsi uppBJsdo sp soiusiuiipaoojd
soj anb BA" sjuBijBsap las spand ojuaimtjduinD jsp uopBJSAasB B^
:S31N3M3dia
SEJ A 'sosojSijsd sonpissj ap sojssgiuBUi soj uvSanua as apuop
BpEJius sp sojund soisa ua sg -jeptuo ss sozuajuoij sopBjsa
soj us sapauaiquiE SBpua§B SBJ A 'ydtl 's°P!un sopBjsg soj ap
opiAiaj ja ajjua uppBuipiooo BJ 'sosojSijad sonpissi
sssuspiunopBjss sojuaurejSsj soj uoo ojuairaijduinD jap
J B owadsai uo^ -sopiun sopBisg soj 'ap Bianj sopBi
-jodxa o 'ap oijuap sopEUodtui uos sosojSijad sonpissi soj spuop
EpBJiua ap sojiand soj ua owsp ajuarappadsa S3 oasg -BpuEj
-jodrai Eiuajdns sp ss sBAiiBjn§3J sspBpijiqESUodsai usuan anb EZ
-paauojg uoiSaj EJ ua SBpEzipooj sEpusSE SEJ a«ua uopoBisiui Bq
•-SVDN3DV 3Q S3AVHI V NQDVNiaaOOD •
•ssjaouEJE E sojsfns UEJSS
Biusnpui BJ us sopBsn sosoi§ijsd sapuajBui ap BJJO^BIU
EJ snb BA" 'OPESIASJ jss sqap BUISJSIS sisg -sajsouBJB o soassndmi
sp o§Ed p sojsfns UBqEjsa ou OJUBJ oj jod A 'sapiodrasa OUIOD oj
-ispdap-ua sopEjjodrai sapnsiBiu ap uBqBuiSiio as snb sosojSijad
sonpissj soj sopoa B EqEiapisuoo sopraf} sopEjsg-ODpcsj>\[ uppBjai
BJ sp BOJaoB Qqj^ p oiAajd opojjsd js ua BAijBjsiSaj
A SOIS3ndlAll 30 S31VniDV SOllSin03H
'flQH3 SOI 3P J°F3iuI P ^PBH snup
-uoo ojuauiBSjeo ja anb saiire sBpEpjoqB iss uBjjpod SBpuapgap
[ ap SBpEnOSpEUI SapEptApDB SEJ 3p OpBljnSSJ OUIOD
uojaiSms sopiuQ sopBisg soj us opuojjsdng jsp sopis soj sp
sotjDnui 'ojdrasfa JO,j -BpBnDapB Ejaueiu sp SDBXJ as ou is ajuaui
-ppadss 'afejDpsj p UOD sepBposE sapausicjure ssuopBDijduii
uajspra 'opBjusuioj jas aqap A ouanq sa spjopaj J3 snb sp JEsad
y -sosojSijad sonpissj ap afejopsj ja BJEd sEUBDpcara ssuopBpjsui
ap ojauinu ja us ojusumB un B opBASjj BXJ ZSA ns B pno oj 'si
-BjDpai ap pBppBdBD EJ ap ojjouBsap ja Bjuauioj snb BDpjjod Bun
opimpsui BIJ 'oDpcajAj sp (gMl) ^Sojoog ap puopEjs[ ojmpsui jg
:3rV1DD3H 3Q SVDIJLDVyd B
•pBpunSss BJ A BDijqnd pnps BJ EJBd oiusuinB ua oSssp
un UOD 'oisvfap sosojSijsd sonpisaj sp ojusiuiBusoEiup ap sauop
-Bpjsui jas uspand ODDOJ/J ua sauopBpjsut SEJ anb BOIJIU§IS pnD
oj 'opis ja ua Epiuuapui BJSUBUJ ap sonpisaj ususoEUip sosojSijsd
sonpissj ap saJopBjauaS soj anb aituijad ODpcajAf us siusSiA Xaj B-J
•Bjajuojj BJ ap EDijqnd pnjBS EJ A sausiqure orpsui js EJBd BZEUSUIB
Bun Ejuasajdsj 'sosojSijad sonpisaj EJBd
BjnjDnjjsaBJJUl BJ UOD oiunf 'oApBDijiu3is oiuairapaJD ap BSBJ E-J
:oaiNld3aNI O1N3I1A1VN3DVIA1W B
-------
•afsppaj ns ejed sopsjAua jas uapand
anb Ejspap oojxa|/\| ap |BjauaQ
B| ap gg|, o|noj}j\/ |a 'oDjxa|/\j E sonpisaj sns
JBiAua jod us;do 15 -sopsjauaB sonpjsaj ap uaiu
-n|OA |ap A JopBjauaB ap odji |ap opuajpuadap
'sopBjauaB opis jaqsLj ap SEJP QZ2 o 'QQI
'06 ®P opojjad un ap ojjuap uppisodsjp ns Ejed
ojijs |ap sjanj. sonpjsaj sns JBJAUB uaqap sojsg
•oijjs |a ua aiuaaiBpjUjjspuj sonpjsaj sns JEU
-3DEUJ|B uapsnd ou 'SJSBJJUOO ua 'sosoj6j|ad so
-npjsaj ap sasuspjunopsjss sajopsjauaB so-]
•[BJauarj Aa"| e\ ap gg[,
o|noj3JV Is °feq '3J3jnb3J o| oojxaiAj -ajambaj
O| ooixa[AJ is 'ODixa[/\| us ssujud ssuajsuj ap sops
-jauaS uos anb sonpjsaj uajdaos sopjuf) sopsisg
soj 3nb 3J3jnbsj |sno p 'ZBJ E-| ap
II oxauy |s Jod opssindiui se uaiqaisi (
oujo;ej ap ojjsmbaj ouusioi |a 'SBJops|jnbEUj SB|
B Boyjoadsa spusjs^aj sosq ou snbuns 'ssujapv
•sopmn sopsisg so| B sopsujo;aj jas uaqap
ou 'OJUBI o| joj 'sopjup opBjsg so| ua opBu
-i6uo UBABL] 3s afsiqaiESua |a sjsd sa|Euaq.BUj so|
anbunB SOUBOIXSUJ usjspjsuoo 35 'sopEzi|EuopBu
uos sonpissj so| js 3nb sa B|6aj BJSS B uppdaoxa
BI 'isujBuo (BijaiEUJ |ap pEpjisuopsu E| uaua;q.aj
ooiX3[AJ BDBU, (sapouBJE ju soisanduji ap oBsd
|3 ujs A aiuauj|BJodui3i) ojispdsp-ua sopB^iodujj
sa|BU3;BUJ ap uaBjns snb sosoj6i|ad sonpisaj
so| sopoi anb Ejapisuoo as 'soinq.Bjsa sojsa ofBg
•SBJOp6|inbBUJ A sBUBnps 'sojsandujj 'ajusjqiuB
oipauj (a Bjsd souBoixauj saisjapsj. sojnisjsa
soj us 3SJBJJUODU3 uspsnd '(o}jS9dap-ua SBD
-uqB^) SBUBDjxsuj SBjopE|jnbEUJ SE| us sopsjauaB
sosoj6j|ad sonpjssj ap ouo5.BBi|qo oujojej |e
BJsd SBjBsj SB-| -sopmn sopsisg so| B ossjBaj ap
sopsjAus J3s usjsqap sosoj6i|ad sonpjsaj so| 'SBJ
-opB|mbBUJ SB| ua aiuauj|Ejau36 OSEO |a sa OUJOD
'asu3p|unopBjs3 usBuo ap uBjsnj. s3|Bui6uo
S3|BU3jEUj soj js 'oBjBqoia ujs 'ojjjs |a ua
-Bpiuyapuj sopBuaoBUJ|B jas uapand
sa|EuaiBUj ap sopsjauaB souBoixauu sosojBj|ad
sonpisaj so| 'isnps Aaj e\ ofsq
sonpisaa ap omoiag p aiqos jrapy fa\
'Vd3 'BJ
ojftri yp oSjvj o] v sosojStpd sajvuatvui soj 'sosvo sou-nSjv wg[
•sonpjsaj sns Bp
p UOO
SOIJES3O3U sooiSojouosj A sooiurpuooa 'souBumu sos
-JH03J SOJ JSSAOjd ttlBd pBpIOBdBO 3p UOIOBUIJOJ 3p OSSOCUd 3JS3 U3
ii pdsd un jeSnf spsnd sopiUjQ sopBjsg so[ sp pjspsj
jg -sosojSipd sonpisaj sp ssXsj SBJ oJBq ssuopBSijqo
Sns 3JU3UI3jqBSUOds3J J3DBJSIJBS 3 UIOpBjmbBIU BIJJSnpUT BJ B JBp
-n/B BJBd uopBDnpa X nppBoranraoD jofoui Bun BJISSOSU 35
•pptraiod o§s3n joXBui
un jBDijiuSis Bjjpod usiquiBj ooixpp\[ us uspsnb as sonpissj SBUI
snb sp oipsif p 'sopraj^ sopBjsg so[ us 3351x3 snb BJ B ajqBjBduico
-------
sa ou oopca]/^[ ua sonpisaj ap uppisodsrp BJ -exed
BJ OUIOD anb ap pniambui BJ opuapsixa Bnupuoo 'ajuEjsqo
ojsj; -osojsoo opEisBuiap jras apand pno oj 'ODIXSJ^J BpBq aiuara
-BAiiraipp EpEiJoduii jas anb auap Brand BUSJBUI B] Epoi 'son
-pisaj soj jBzipuopBu japod BIBJ -ODpcaj/^ ua trefop soj X sonpisaj
sns UEZipuopEU SBjyBduioD SBDod Amu 'pEpipaj ua 'oSjequia
ui<5 -BApoBJiB Anui jas apand oopipj^j ua sonpisaj soj ap UOTOBZI
-puopEu BJ 'sopEoijdraoo A sotjonui uos soiismbaj soj anb B
opiqaQ -oop9]Aj ua oqeo B asjEAajj apand sonpisaj soqoip ap JBUIJ
uppisodsip BJ 'opBqojdB jas aQ 'sonpisaj sns jEzipuopBU BjBd
osirajad jauaiqo BJBd ouBopcara pjapaj oujaiqoS p U9ppad Bun
jaoBq ap uppdo BJ uauap SEJOpBjmbEuj SB^; -Bjajuojj BJ ap saABJi
B osajSaj ap opEDiequia jas aqap ou '^opBzipuopEU^ opis BTJ on
-pisaj ja 15 -soptu^ sopBjsg soj B sonpisaj jesajSai Bjed uppdaoxa
Bun ajspca 'oSjBqraa ui
-------
so[ B oXodc Euopiodoid aj snb oiDnj sp saurj UTS uppEznreSjo
Etm S3 ©puodsatf uopEjadQ - ©QNOdSSra NOIIVHadO
IBZUSIUOJJ UpI§SJ BJ US SOpEZIJpTl Op
-uais upjsa sapno so[ 'sjed p opoa us osn Bred BpuaSjstus sp SOSBD
us Eisandsai EJ Bred sapuoprpB sosjnosj opBjjojressp UBIJ 35
SVAI1VDINI 3d SVJLNailAIVHHHH SVU1O
'SOIpUSDUJ
md sopjAjag sp uppBjrpsjDy sp puopBUJsauj ossjSuo;^ p Jod
X TUiozuy jod sopEoypJSD upsa sapno soj 'sosojSijad sappsiBiu
/scpuaSjauia B jEpiut Eassndssi sp soaiuosi Bred ssjBuop
-tuiq sosjna uojapJBdun as 'sBiuspy -sapsi ssuoisuaunp ap OJOBJ
-nuns sp soppjafo UOJEZIJBS.I as X 'soppjsfs sp ouasip ap SSSBJD
oqia E UOJBA3JI »s 'S3UB[d so| uojB|]OjJBS3p as 'sajBDOj ssppgo
A 'cuozijy op ssjErass SBpuaSs VdH 3P oAode p 003 '6661 3P
ozreui spsop SSD3A OJ3BT1D Escapes BjauBrn ap Bqsnid B oasand opts
uq fEDOj UB|d 3353 -sopniQ sopBasg; so[ A oopcsjAj ap
SOJ jod opipisaid-OD sa snb 'BJOUO§ 'sajB§ojs[ A Buozuy '
ap SBUCUijaij sspBpnp SB[ Bjed Qjgg p sa jeuopuain aqBD anb
GUjfj '(spiSui us SBJ§;S sns jod 's^^gT) BpuaSjauig sp
ap ssp»
-------
oAocVe sp psj TBJ ap sjied S3 uaicjxirEa '(S3j3ui us SEjSis sns
Jod 'lOdSn) nn3a SOI3P awodsuexL sp oiuauiBjiBdsQ jg
•SOZnSlUOJJ SOZJ3TUSS SO1S3 SOpOl U3 SOpOS
OUIOD sjusuiBApoB opuBdppiEd opEjss UEIJ sopiuf} sopEjsjj
soj us ourco ooix3jA[ us ojtrej S3JEOOJ X sspjBjss sspEppome
SB']; -EziJs:iuo:g upiSsj BJ sp BO.ISOB sojusumoop soxio A 'scoonpcwd
sp ofnn sp soiprass 'JEJJSSUISS SUHOJUI ns JESSOOB spsnd ss spuop
qsA\ opis un susptrera yjg E-J -sspEpiApoB SEJJO A isosjnoaj sp
soprausAur soj fsosojSipd SSJBUSJEUI soj sjqosoisurad uspuodssj
SlTlb SODIUD35 SOJ EJEd 01U3IUIBU3JJU3 p OptTBJIJpEJ iOJOEJTlTIIIS 3p
soppjsls opuEjjojjBssp isEpusSjsuis E Bjssndssj EjEd uppBjnd
-UIOD 3p SBUTEjSojd 3p OSH p US OJU31UTBU3JJU3 OpUEp SSOJOnpOjd
sp ofng sp soipmss opirejjojjBssp :SEpii3§j3ui3 E Bjssndssj sp
SEJJO UOD sspBpnp sBf E EprL^fe YdH 's
•Btnsnpm E[ sp orapojjEd p uojsXnpui
sspno soj 'soppjsfo sojss us aj.red tiojEtnoj sopBoipsp SOZIJSTOOII
S3JU3pIS3J 3p SOJU3Q -EpU3§UpUOO 3p SSUBjd U3U3D 3nb SEUETU
-J3tj sspEpnp ap ssjBd oijoo soj ap sps us ojoEjnrats sp sopprafe
oqED B opEAsjj UE^ s§ 'sozjsnjss sojss us oSzEjspTj sp jsdEd un
UEUIOJ SEJJBQ A OSpUEJjJ UEg US VdH T3J Sp SSJBUOlSsj SEUpUO SE^
•ssjpn A ssjqEiA opusis usnSis ssuejd soj anb jBzpuBJB§ B jBptiAB
BIBd OqBO E UEASJJ 3S 'SSUEjd SOJ U3 SOpESEq UBJS3 SSJEHD SOJ 'SEp
-usSjstas B BjsaTidssj sp soppjsfs soq •Bqsrud E sojjsuod
sspEpiunmco SEJ UOD EfEqBu yjg EJ 'SBUEUIJSIJ sapBpnp
BpU3§JSUl3 3p SSUEjd SOJ OpBJJOJJESSp UE SS 3nb Z3A
SVDNHOV aa
•sa|EDO| sQjg-] sns UOD uppe'uipjooo
us jefeqeji e ,,ejsendsej ejeuiud,, ep seuopeziueBjo seq.se e B|nLUjise eg -EpueSjauue sp OSBD ue pepjunaioo
ns us U9poe ue soq.sand uos enb osed B osed ap sajeuopsjedo so;ua|aijpaoojd so[ ap pBpi|iqesuodsaj e\
auaii ouBiiunoioD odm6 ojq.o 'o6jequj8 ujg -pepiun.uuco Bjdojd ns ejsd ue|d un uE||ojjBsap anb |en6j |e 'SOUBD
-ixauj soupaA sns UOD pepapos ua 'seuBLUjeLj sapepnp se| BJBd sauBjd so| ua uBfeqej; 33^3-] SB-] -souepspnp
ap sodm6 A uopeomnuiOD ap soipaoi so| ap 'sujsnpuj BJ ap sojqaiajLu anb |Bn6j |e 'sBpueBjaoia B eisandsai
B| ue A pn|es B\ ue opeipedeo |suosjed A se|BDO| sopa|a se|BD|p jmpui uaqep 33^3-] ap sojqoia|Lu so-j -ausd
ns jeDBq B so|jB;psdeD sjsd se|BDO| soujaiqo6 so| B sopua^sueji uos vyOd3 ^P upjDuaAqns ap se|BjBjse sopuoj
so| ap oiuep jod g/ |e BJSBH -(s?|6ui ua se[Bis sns jod '53^31) spuaBjaug ep seojijioj ep saiBDo-j seuoisioioo
jaDa|qBjsa ep oiismbej [a uauejj 'a^jed ns jod 'sepueBjeuug B e^sandsey ap sa|Bieis3 sauojSjLuoQ SB}S3
•sepua6jauJ3 B Bjsandsey
ap |Eie}sg U9ISIOI03 eun BDza|qBq.sa opeisa speo anb oiepueuj \s> eBinujojd -sosoj6||ed sejeua^Buj ap
saiuappuj e seiueppoe UBjDn|OAU| enb sepuaBjeoia sjed oiueioiBuajjua A uopBauB|d e| ejsd sBuaBjpuj snquj A
sopBisa so) B sopuoj suopjodojd v^Dd3 '(s?|6ui ua se|6is sns jod VyOd3) epejeiU3 jeisg B pepjuniuo3 e| ap
-oupejaQ A sepuaBjeujg ap uppBauey ap spy p OLUOD feppouoD '956 L ua epssed anj. anb iBjapej. u9pE|si6e|
e| ap u9psjuauja|dLU! e\ E|j6iA sEDjoijno sepueisns sp sBpuaBjaoq ep uppuaASjj A uppejedejj ap EUPJJ.Q "S
•uope|S!6e| ap oiuaiuSes oj^o ofeq sepuaBjeuje B s^sendsaj ep sapep||jqesuodsej auai; uajqujsi yd3 Bl
•odinbe |ap uopsiuauja|dujj ap sasuapiunopEjsa souusiuBBjo so| uos
Vd3 B| ap 6 A" 9 uoiBay e\ ap seisuojBej seupij.0 ss-j -spueBujiuoD ap seus|d sns ua ouusuojjai-iiue ap sopadse
ep u9pBJodjoDui E| UOD seuEoueL| sapepnp se| B aisisB ueiqujsi -Bjaiuojj. B| ep SBABJI B senBuuoo sapepnp
ap sajed BDJO^BD so| Bjsd saianpiAipuj epuaBupuoD ep sauB|d JB||ojjBsap EJEC! ofsqEJi ep ODJBLU un jeDa|qsisa
ua eisisuoD odmbe pp sapepniqesuodsaj se| ap sup -epuaBjaaia ap eisandsaj A SEpuaBu^uoD ep uopEauBjd
B| ep sa|qssuodsaj se|BDO| A 'sa|EiBqsa 'se]Ejape.). sa|epjp e uaAn|Dui sojqaia|UJ so-] -ODjxa|Aj ap (Vd3d
-Qyd) eiuajqujy |ep u9pDa5.oj,.j ep |Bjepa-j BunpBjnoojd B| A vd3 e| ap seoiiujno sepusisng ep sepua6jeoi3
ep uppueAajd A u9pejBdejcj ap BUJDIJO B| jod opipisajd-OD sa BiunfuoQ e^sandsey ap odmbg 13
•|XX EJSluoj-j eujEjBojcj |a 'sspua6jauJ3 e E^sandsay A
sepua6u|juo3 9P uopBauBy e\ sjed ofBqejj_ ep odnjg OLUOD 9iAjjs uaiqaiBi enb odmB un se [BnD |e 'sjunfuoo
Bisendsey ep odinb3 OLUOD OPJDOUOD odnjB un jod opB^ueuja|dLU! opueis 12153 -Bzuejuoj.). eejs |e ue sEsoj6i|ad
SEpuBjsns ap seujBJjep so| e s^sandsaj A U9pB6]iiLU 'uopEJsdejd 'uopuaAajd B| ua soq.unf jefeqeji BJEd 'U9j6aj
E| ap seABj; e soAiiejedooD sozjen.).sa soj Bjsd assq E| ELUJOJ. |Buopsujq ue|d 63.53 'nnSS/03!^!^ oiunfuoo
Bpua6uiiuo3 ap uey |e OLUOD BDOUOD as enb o| 9pa|qe;sa ZBJ sr\ ap opsjEJi |B || oxauy |3 'ZEJ B-J ep
|a ue SBDIBJ sns auejj 'opus||ojjesep uejse as enb SEUELUja)-) sapspn^ ap sauey so] sjed oAode 13
-------
•BJOUOg 'B33n,J BtlSy
X Buozuy 'sE|SnoQ (8 ^ :BjmijB03 'euroy pBpnQ A SBXSX 'org
PQ U iBJOUOS 's!nl "^S ^
-------
i sops}sg
so| ua (sa|6u| ue SB|6is sns jod 'v^Dd) sosjnoay ep uopEjadnoey A uope/\jasucr) ap epy Is sseu, o| oiuoo jse
'U9pjsods|p ap soijsmbaj A „ squire). s\ B euro e| ap,, soiueoinoop aoajqeisa sosoj6|p,-| sonpjsey ap oiuaujBj6ay
|a 'coixa|/\j ug -Aa| e\ ap irapeojide A 'oiuajaii|duuno |a ua epuaisjse 'U9ps|n6aj ap anb \er\B\ \e '|Bja}B||q
U9peujpjoo3 A BjnionjisaBJ.j.ui ep BOia|qojd un jas B apuajj Bjp B Bjp ap sosoj6j|ad sonpjsej ap pjiuoo |g
•sejBuopBUjaiuj ssjaiuojj. se\ ap SBABJ} B sauaiq
A SBUosjad ap ODJJBJI ap ofay. |a ajqos sojEp ap sassq euejjuBUJ \eno |a 'lOQSfl SP (s?|6uj ua SB|6js sns jod
'S±a) 81JodsuEjj_ ap sEDjisjpBjsg ep oipEdsaQ pp SBABJI B oejjsEJ ep u9pBuujoj.uj aaAcud as 'ssujepv "(s?|6u!
ua sB|6js sns jod 'Q3S) sajopeoiequje so| ap u9pE}Jodxg ep sauopsjspaQ se\ ap SBABJI B senbjEquia ap sous}
-un|OA saqjodaj so| ua JBJJ.UCO anb ABLJ 'seoeA B A 'sspBajoijuooi uos ejdoie|s ou sauopB^iodxa SB~| -oojjsaujop
|eA[u B sopuenbej uos anb sosoj6i|ed sonpjsej ap sotsaj.).jUBUu ap SBABJI e A 'S>|BJ}ZB|-| ouuoo sppouoo vd3 Bl SP
soq.Bp ep eseq sun ap saABJi B SBpEaj^sBj uos sosoj6||ad sonpjsaj ap seuopeyodaii SB-] -(sauopsijodxa) nH33
so| ap osua3 |ap OL)DBdseQ ja A (sauopsyoduji) nn33 sol SP SBUEnpv sp opjAjeg \a 'se|Bjapa.(. sBpuaBB sop
ep seABjq. e sauoioB^odxa A sauopByodoij ep soujauai ua spinBas se sojonpojd soj^o A sosoj6j|ed sonpjsej
so[ ap Bisid B-] -sepuaSe SBJJBA ap ozjan^sa un ueiqaisi sa sopiup sopBisg so| ue sonpisaj so| ap oaj;ssj |g
'lOQSn 9P ss|Baj SB| uoo op
-uaj|doinD ua^sa SBiSj^iodsuEJi. so| anb JsoyuaA ap epsBapp pBpuoins e\ uaueji 'O|dLuefa jod 'sBxa_L ap BD^qn^
pBpunBeg ep oiueaiB^iBdaQ |a OLUOD sa|Bi se|BiBjsa sspuaSB SB~I 'leuy. U9pisodsjp ns Ejsd sopBjse sns B sops
-jAua o sopsyodsuBJi opuajs UB^sa sonpisaj soLjOjp opusno 'O|dujefe jod 'sosoj6j|ad sonpisej ep Bzuaq.uoj}suBJi
u9pBzi|iAouj B| JBfauBUJ sjsd vd3 B| SP EpB6a|ap pEpuoins s\ uauaij nn33 sol SP se|BiBjse sspuaBs SB-]
•flfl33 so| SP opjsuuoo ep sojueujB[6aj
so| uoo ojuajUJj|dujnD |a jsjnBass ep e|qssuodsaj ojosaj_ |ap oiueujBysdaQ |ap ssuBnpy ep opiAjas |a
A 'sosoj6||ad sonpisaj ap sa|BUOpBUje^.uj sanbjsquja ap o;uajUJjiuesuoD |e jaoouoDaj ap a|q6suodsej |e ops^sg
ap oiuaujBysdeQ je opuais 'aiusijoduji pdsd un usBanf nn33 sol 8P ojosaj_ |ep A opsisg ap
so| 'sEUjepv -aiJodsuEJi |e e^usjnp A EJBd sauaiq SOLJOJP UBfeusuj anb SEUosjad SB||enb6 BJBd
-ejiue ep sejapusisa so| Jjui^ap ep enb |Bn6i [B 'sopjun sopBjsg so| ep oj^uap UBZJ|IAOUJ as enb sosoj6||ad
sa|EuaiELU ap sanbjsquja so| ap sE3E|d SB] A opB^enbaduje |e jsiuaujB|6ej jod e|qssuodsej sa loan 'sosojB
-yad sa|Bue}BUJ JBZJIJAOUJ ap pBpijjqBSUodsej e\ uauaii 'susoixauj e^iBdBJiuoo ns OUJOD 'sopjufi sopBjsg so|
ap aqjodsuBJi ap oiueoisiJBdaa p OIUBJ_ -[edsd un uBBanf uajqujBi nn33 sol SP se|Bjepaj. sspuaBs SBJIQ
•sosoj6j|ad sonpjsej so[ JsfeuEUJ ap eueuuud pEpj[|qesuodsaj
B| ueueji '(Vd3) 11033 so! SP eiuejqujv ojpaiAj |ap U9poa:|.ojcj ep spuaBy B| A (lVNyVIAI3S) se|BjniB|\j sosjnoay
A a^uajqujy ojpaiAj ep susiajoas B| 'o|[dujB SEUI |eAm -|y 'sajaAju soq.uiq.sjp B se|Bq.ueujBUjaqn6 sspuaBfi
SBUBA jod BpjqjsdLUOD sa Bjaiuojj. e\ ep oBjs| o| B sosoj6j|ed se|BueiEUJ ap pj^uoD pp pBpj|iqBSUodsej e~\
spssp sosojSipd sonprssj sp ssuopeuodxa SB[ anb Bjiodsj as '
ono joj 'V<13 ^1 3P SX\r312TVH SOJ^P 3P
sp 'oausp jod 811 pp SBUI sp catraiurpajo un '(,(,(, \
OOO'Zl 3P s?1" B 1661 U3 SBpBpuoa QOS'S 3P
sopeasg soj B copsjAf ap BpBuodxs sa arib sosoiSipd sonpissi
ap pBppuBD -er[ •sspixjsnpm sauoiDBpjsui ap soausp B BJOTIJOAUI
BJ3JUOJJ v\ ap SSABJJ B sosojSipd sonpisaj ap OJUSIUIIAOUI jg
•SjBppSJt p BJEd SOpBUUSSp 'SOpIJpS
sonpissi ap aausrapdpund usasisuoo umSai BJ ap spABjj B sop
-Bjjodsuuij uos arib sosojSipd sonpissj soq; 'sajqEuiBgui SSJUSA
-jos A sopinbij ap sonpissi sjusuipdpuud opmiauaS 'sosoj§
-ipd sonpissj ap ssjopsreuaS sapdpund soj uos sBJopBjmbBui
SBJ A BjnjoBjnuBui ap ssuopBpjsui SB^; -sosojSipd sonpissi
ap uajsTsuoo sosojSipd sapusjBuj ap sanbjsqraa soj ap oauap jod
H A oun p aajua 'aj|iAsuA\ojg BJSBIJ oSaiQ UB§ apsap 'Bjajuojj BJ
ap oSjBj oj B anb opBjjsoui UBIJ y
-------
opjsnos ap 'sosoj§ijad sajejiaiBui ouioa sopEDTjisBjo sojonpojd sp sodn c)\ soj Eied 'sjuatujsnuE
sosojSipd sajEusiEiu sp sozTJsiuojjsuBja ssnbjEquis QQQ'^Z 3P s?ut nauriao 'O§STQ ire§ sp
opEpuo3 p ua aauaurejo§ -[EJmBu ssS p X 'sopEApap sns A oajpjjad p uos 'opjsmco sp sorionp
-c«d sp ofng p siqos nngg soj sp sjusiqury orpsj/\j pp upposjoij sp EpusSy EJ sp ssjuspsj
soipnass UOD opisnos sp 'upiSsj EJ sp SSABU E tresEd snb sosojSipd sspnsjEUi sspdpuud
scrj 'EZHS3UOJJ upiSsj EJ ua SUHDO DUE EpBD soptuj^ sopEjsg soj us USOBIJ ss snb sosojSijsd SSJB
-IJ31EUI ap sanbjEqxna ap SSUOJJTUJ Q0€ sJusurBpBuitxojdB soj sp sjqBjrapisuoo uppjod EUf\
o eSreosap Bun ss oj OUIOD 'oJSpspJSA sausppui un uoo JEipij Bjed SEZIJSJUOJJ sspBpiunraoo SEJ
ua uaisixs anb ssjqiuodsrp sosjnosj sp EApEJEduioo EpuaiEo EJ A 'sapBpiunraoo sns B UEiusssid
aj ssjEuajEUi sojsa anb ppusjod oSssu sp OAIIEJSJ JSATU js ss 'Ezijajuojj upiSaj EJ sp sopEdnoo
-sid saiuapisaj soj ap sofo soj us 'sopiUjQ sopEjsg soj sp oissj js A EZIJSJUOJJ UOT§SJ EJ sjjus Bp
-usjsjrp E^[ 'sappjauioo sauoiureo o usjj sp ssnbjEqtus sp EUIJOJ us upiSsj EJ ap SSAEJJ E uESBd
sojio snb SEJJUSIUI 'SEJOpBjmbEur ouioo sspj 'sEfij ssuopEpjsui ua ssjusssjrd upasa sosojS
-ipd sapusjEui soiss sp sounSjy 'BZIISJUOIJ upiSaj EJ ua sosoiSijad sspusjEiu sp BureS Ejjdure
sun ssiBJauoDus spand 'sopniQ sopBjsg soj A OOKSJAI sp ssuEd SEJJO us OSEO js sa 00103
•epua6jaaie ep soseo ua eisendsej
ejed jBUOSjed A odmba ap pepi|iqiuodsjp e| jeiuaoiny is
•sosoj6||ad sonpjsaj so| ap
|euij. uppisodsjp ns aied uppeqjodxa A 'oiuajujeuaDBLU|B 'u9peDjj.|5.uapi
ap seaje seg ua o;uaiLueuej;ue A epuepuoD e; jez|eay r
•sosoj6i|ad
-n|OAUj anb sajuappu; B japuodsaj Bjed esjsjedajd Bjsd 'sa|squq. sapspiu
-niuoo SB|e opueAnpuj 'sa|BDO| sepepmnoioo SB| B JJ;SJSB Bjsd souBLunq
. 'sojapusuij. sosjnoaj so| Ji6ujQ :peppede3 ep uppeuuo j
SOpTUQ SOpBJSg SOJ 9p
OS3J§UO^) p A 3JU3PTS3JJ p
OHI38A rang pp piapv ujmf ?[ ap dimojni ojumn
-------
soipip B opadsaj UOD U9peaijoj.uj ap ei|ej. e\ e opiqep sep
-|ao seai o eun couB|q ua pfep as 'sauope|e;su! seun6|e BJBJ (3
'MIAIOOS
A M1AIOOZ 3J1U9 psppsdeo sun uaua;; anb e|qei Bq.sa ua
sspinpuj ucuan^ ou anb ssDu:pa|eou-uai ap ojaoinu ouanbad
un jaqeij apand 'UOZBJ Bipip joj -opBuopuaiu odm6 jaiud
p ua ojjuao as BJUJO^IBO sjed uppsBjiseAUj sj;sanu ap aipsd
JOABOI e-| V\A1A100Ł> peppedeo sun uausji anb SB| A M1AIOOŁ<
pEppedso sun uoo senanbs ejiue sBD|j;oe|aoaijai se|
apjAjp Biujoj.!|B3 ep BjBjaug ap ITOISILUCQ e\ ap qa/v\ o^s g (j,
IlI]pB,J UOIJBJ3U3Q 2>Q,J
osn "SSN P^ A 3P!X DD'HNLL (Z
:/xj/uoissiui3/uTBJppB/Ao§-Ed3'AUAM//:daai{
isicrejd WAVOJ JQJ BJBQ suoissiuig uprg ppy Vd3 (I
:q3AV opts - (3^3) BiSjaug; ap BJOpBjnSa-g uptsiuiOQ
rSBdTplBOTB
pBppinosjg sp pjsps-j upisiuio
'zapjB^ Bjonry opjenpg jod Bp^nopjodoij uppBtujojuj
:qsM opts - (g^[O) BjSjaug ap BJOp^pSa-g uptsiuio^ (j
f anbjanbnqjy (^
BJS-IJX (Ł
saujTx OSBJ jg (^
suotssimg uie# ppy Vd3 (I
'zappy^ BJOIJJV op«npg jod upraopjodoj^ uopBuiJojuj
:qsM OIJTS
1191x111103
'zapp/^ BJOIJJV opienpg jod -BpBuopJtodojj up
:qaA\ opis -
pBpppioajg ap pjaps-l
opiy opjenpg jod BpBuopJodoij; u9pBuuojui fa
/xui • qoi • a jo -JAMJA.// : duq
:qaAV opis - (g^D) Bj
sopiopjy sop^/v -
/AO§ -ED vSjaua -A\A\M.//: duq
:qaAV Bui§Bd - uois
:sauBj
-------
1 »"!! '
8:i>.'"
If ! '
*:iir-
zas o.feq
-UOD jepjsui sp
OSSDOld U3 !/\/\l/\|
(AA1AI
SOS) opeujqoiOQ
562) 033S opuo-j
OSS
OSfr
OOS
OOS
dNV
•OU| 'l
dNV
(cvfodv)
o
BpBpunuv
ajuaujajuapay
spspunuv
ajuauuaiuapay
BpBpunuv
aiuauj-ajuapay
LO/9
opjAjas
OSBJ |
oB|Bp!H
'6jnquip3
[BAHQ
OSBJ |
o6|Bp!H
'6jnqu|p3
o6|Bp!H
o6|Bpj|-) 'UO|SSj[/\J
OSBd |
•IS uojii
Aa||BA o.i6B|Aj
UBUJM9N
If
A |Bjrq.B|\| SBQ
X |Bjnie[\j sag /
opeuiquioQ opp
X |BjniB[\J SBQ /
opeujqoio^ opp
jasajQ
X |Bjn^Bf\| SBC) /
opEUjqiuoQ opp
IBuisnpuioaiojja,.)
X jBjniBivj seg
/EOupajaoujjauL
9»
«
LLS
S,Ł
t , L
/"'
'"^-y;-*
";
'.V .;,!,'
eouej-j
OABjg ojy
OABjg ojy
OABjg ojy
OABjg ojy
OABjg ojy
aurf^Mw.aaeaaui
A OABjg ojy
Al OABjg ojy
HI OABjg ojy
|| OABjg ojy
|!9 seyoj -3
..... ...... I??:
I
seuoisiujg
ouejejdojd
B| ep opejsg
uopeDiqf)
epeauBid upjsuedxg
0 Up|DE|e}SU|
-------
[EjniE|sj sag
|Bjrq.B|SJ SB9
|BJI"q.B|\| SB9
(nnaa s°i
ep) |Bjrq.B|M sag /
(nrsa so)
ep) |Bjrq.BN sag /
opBUjquioQ opo
(nnaa so|
ep) |Bjrq.EN 269 /
opBUjquiOQ opo
ep) |Bjrq.BN ssg /
{nnaa so|
ep) |BjniB|\| sag /
oeo'L
Qlb
DOS
^- KZ
KZ
nz
KZ
soz
opejopQ oj^j
leij^snpui 6i6j8U3
ODGJOIO^) Oly
|eu}snpu| ej6jeu3
IBU^PU^U"
ssoue-j uplun
Esoue-j upjufi
- -jsous-i upiun
ssoue-j uojun
ssoue-j upjuf)
WOZ 'dsS
n*~*
ZOOZ 'da$
8002
LOOZ
9002
- S002
Ł002
it -j "'^VT^ 'vf ^:ffflii7,\y , r
1^!^^^^
seuojSjtug
K ej6o|ouoej_
(MIA!) peppede^
*
t:
IIHI
—
.„»,,„. « ," rf..,K*i.o ...
e| ep opeisg
ojy sm-| UBS
ojy sjn-| UBS
ojy s;ni UBS
B}ejj,-| sn6y
sieuj sn6y
Bieuj Bn6y
sjeud sn6y
~ .-=^
•
?trl,^ „ -f,,l,rrll, ^!. r,r l,f.,J,11S111.
uppeojqn
III |BU}snpu|
II |Ei.q.snpu|
sjBjeug
1 |BUisnpu|
A Bqaiy sn6y
A| sieuj sn6y
HI ejauj sn6y
|| BIBUJ snBy
I B^euj sn6y
^
Bpeeuey uo|suedxg
o uope|e;su|
-------
sa|Oj}uoD in
sag
SBD
(ouepunoes)
A |asaiQ
(OUBUIUjj) S89
/ 0035 opuo-j
M1AI009
• '"'I, ' ' ' ; ;
U"-' - '-> :
- MIAI09L
M1AI SZZ B sp
i -ussy
UOjSSIW-SUBJjjg
IAIN
OSBJ |3
Ł003
jap soidpuud y
zooz ii
s,OS6lso|
ap sajBUjj. apsap
Bjnqspjoi
Bsa|/\|
pue[uns
oiy
•p !| ', i '-.!.''!'.'; ,, ,.:,„:» .1 rv; :,•!"!,;•!:'•! Bnt5T?SnBWig!gSi^B!:
• 1 •' ."-;;' »".', •(!•.' !' i ;'' •'" •!»',; 'I' „ ':'>' ilti'ift" i - -ife W;' ""'Ss'iBif >"s-!:"ifi&
I .(a • ;,,,,(,, : i '. idfiL^i *--*» ii tt^A^-^Uwi&'&^L
Hi '«' if1 *•••••• t''• iw1 ; *•'•• M 'j,':'i"-";3!'ai;-iiiiSif'lHssŁ
•:"'"'"""'"'"' : '"' '"' ,'"': " " " :" ''"' ;""".'•''''*: '' '~??rg
. i ,(•
iii'l "
oun6ui[\|
OOfL
0021.
ojy
9i -p
(M -. srf ,
At^^joi^
** V!* f- '
> Hd»** ( ^A.^*H
1:
Sit
A |BjnjB|\j
opBtuquucQ opQ
A |BJD}BN SB9 /
X |ejniB|\j SB9
/Boijpa|aoujjaj_
91.S
A'D
S "M!MD
• apBl|BSUBJJ_
Ł003
LOOZ
uopsjedo
isgs;;g«ss,! iSS5|i?sfWw5BPB S^B
SKi:SfcaSS!iSJ^te«Srtfe«*5Kfe«SS5ti»S
ii;:
t" I '*&
n. -f!!... .•;• -.:. •.•.4tJ'/iH^.^^^.:y»
sauoisjuig
X ej6o|ouaaj[
(MIAI) peppedeo
e|
uopeojqn
Bpeeuey uo|suBdxg
-------
A |BjnjB|\| sag
o|UBjn
ep OOJX9JP ep
SE;i|oq Bsn enb
jopsey
SB9
io^
°PD
Ł69
-MlAlOS6
00Ł
OLS
•03
ug
L002/9 •Ł
Bjsd pn;p]|os
jjqpej sjedse eg
Ł002ls.uessu°P
-Bjedo ep opiu|
1002/8 L/17 333
jod opsqojdv
(o6e|Q UBS
ep ON
BSB|/\J
Asg
UBS
9#
uoi|ss
AB;Q
muf^ff* . _,
oppnpey XQN
ep sejopsoienQ
yos
'oppnpej XQN
ep sejopEwanQ
pseiQ
A |ejn}B|\| SB9 /
opsuiqujo^ opQ
opBU|qi_uo3 opQ
|BjniB|\| SB9 /
opBUjqujO3 opQ
A |Bjrq.B|\| SB9 /
opBUjqujO3 °PO
A |ejn3.BN seŁ> /
opeuiqiuoQ opQ
A |Bjn5.Bf\| sag /
opeuiquxoopD
A |BjnjB|\| sag/
opBuiqujo3 °P'3
nn33
so| B uppsyodxe
BJsdosZ-0001.
nn33
so| B uppB^jodxe
Bjed opoj_ - OOS
ZS2
692
692
692
692
-^e^aw-ib^^aia^ji^Sfeiaj^Ll^t^M^k, _(SU*. ...^ ^.^_ ... ,«
ABjeig
oeWueBjeiu,
ejdaie$
ft"::: ' "• " """
^ ^ *A6jeu3
J oepv ue6jej.u|
-
-
-
C
f
Ł002
Ł002
i'
(i) Ł002
6002
8002
-, Z002
-~-~-
S002
isfc. -*fe S.WT. , > ft *X. ';«,.Jt,.;L,j_,.fflS^^
||BDjXe|/\|
||BDjXe|/\|
||BD|xei/\|
o;!JBSOy
oiussoy
o;uBsoy
ojuBSoy
B^isoy ei
'i'y
ep -5 i|BD|xs|/\i
ep Boup6|eoujjej_
l|EO!xe|/\|
ep BiBjeug
AlElU^IEOBfEg
III B|UJOJ.j|B3 BfEg
II B|UJoj.i|B3 efeg
| BjUJO.J.!|E3 BfEg
Rll^^
^^SS-MaSSJiS^MldSi^
sauoisjiug
A Bj6o|ouDej_
(MIA|) psppedBQ
—
uope|e;su|
B| ep ope^sg
uopBDiqn
epeeueitj uoisuedxg
-------
X |BjniB[sl SEC) /
OpBUjqiUCQ Opp
|asaia /se6oqjn|_
X |Bjn}BN
90S
6SS
01.2
039
XBjaug
3dD
Ł002
1002
uopBjsdo
uppsJado ug
Busnf|j_
BUBnfjj_
6 5§ g oiussoy
uojoonpay
oppnpay XQN
sp jopBtuano
o6ari{3jqos ai|e
-XQN
A 2 soujo|-]
opD
IAI11O333S
JB|OS Bj6o|ouoa_L
opo
X |BJn;BN sag /
ODag opuo-j ap X
opipuaDug
SB9 X uoqjBQ /
op|puaoug-oqjnj_
0335 opuo-j X
opBinquucQ opQ
nnss
B BpBpaUOD O[\j
•ODJX3|AJ B JOXBLU
jod |B B1U3A BJBJ
7 DOS
029
SOS
S9t7
dnojg soj^sasjAj
uosonj_
Ł002 OUBJ3A
|a ua uppsjadb
U3L002/9
ep pnjpi|os
|B SB|||LU
p|ABQ 'IS
UOjlBjaUSQ
sa|B6o|\| sdqo/v
>|MBL)0|AJ-U01||eAA
[
sauojsiuig
ei6o[OU33j.
(MIAI)
B| ep
uopeDjqn
upisuedxg
o uope|e;su|
•HMMMB
ISl
-031X31 ipapijupioapim
apppwanag ap sepjd
-i
.w^ ......
Et
I.1 i L *!, i •..:
life
-------
ou A 'aroauiEioajip aire pp pBpipo BJ uapgauaq anb ajjodsireja ap
sajEooj soioaAord ua SBpBjssS usas sauopBidcudB SBjsa anb asiEinSasE
Bjed SBiUEiScttd sojsa ajuauiEApoE jEjiSpv UEjaqap y^g A JŁ)G Sfl
•aire pp pBpijEo EJ iBJofaur Bjed aauauiEjoajip uEAjis anb awodsuBjtj
ap soooaXoad BJEd sepBsn iress anb ap ssjEmSssE BJBd SEpBaioaiuotu
A SBpBDIjnUSpI 3JU3UIBJ3IJJS3 J3S UEJJBJIS3D3U SSUOpBldojdB SElfOIQ
'nnH3 SOI 3P onraracr) sp ojirauiEUEdsQ p o c(spj§ui us sejSis sns
J°d 'JLOQ SH) nfl33 SOI 3P swodsuBXL sp onirauiBUBdsQ JB impui
uspsnd sepu3§E SEUOIQ -oAode ap sajusty SEJJO jEosnq 'SBjuano sp
uij B 'aippsp uspand sopniQ sop^isg; soj sp ossjSuo^) p A ajuspissjj;
p 'suodsuBjj ap soaDsXojd us opmraui B usjsisuoo SJIB pp psp
-IpD Bf U3 SEpB30JU3 BJTUOnJlSSBIJUT 3p S3UOOnjOS SBJ 3nb B
•vda vi aa sviAiaav sviowaov
SVH1O 3Q S3AVHI V 3HIV 13Q aVQUVD VI NOD
•uoiSai B[ ua BDijqnd
pnps BJ JBJofsUI BJBd SEIJBS333U UOS 'SaTEJTDnpA S3UOISIUI3 3p UOOBD
gp SEUISJSIS X BSEUI us ajjodsiren sp SBUJSJSIS 'BpBxiua sp sea
'souraiBs soy ap SEJofbui sff~[ -SIIB pp pspipo sp BiroorujsaBijuT
BJ us sepuapgap SBJ B jspuodsai Bjed ojusptirepuBuijf sp jeuopBuicj
sausty Bun JBSJO BiEd UODDB ap odn upSp auioj as anb souaui B 'od
-tuan pp spABB B uajoaduia aitB pp pBptjBD ap sapuopBUJajur SBraaj
sojsa anb ajqaqoid Amu sa anb jaoouooaj aqap f^Qgg soj ap ouiai
-qoS ja 'sanuajsixa sojnoBjsqo ap ojaurpu ja reuodun mg -SEZuaauoij
sapBpiunraoa SBJ ap ajre jap pBpijBO BJ ajqos sosjaApB sojoap uoo
'Boijaiuy ai joj\^ ap SSABB B SEjnpjaA A sein Jj A 'SSJBUU. sojonpojd 'SBUT
-ud SBijajBtu ap uppEzijiAoiu BJ BiBd ajjsajjaj opnqraa UBJ§ un OUIOD
ajusmjBnjjiA aAiis Bzuaauoij upjSaj BJ 'oijdure SBUJ JBAIU jy
•Bjajuoij BJ ua sapnpisaj sen§E A
BnSe ap BmpnnsaBjjui ap sapspisaaau SEJ B opBoipap Bjsa 'Vd3 BI 3P
'(sajSui ua sBjSis sns jod jjjgg) Bziiajuojij pjuaiquiy BrraonjjsaBjjuj
ap opuoj jg -opuoj oiprp ap ojdiuafa un ajspo BJ^ -Bzuaauoij upiSaj
BJ ua auodsuEJi ja uoo BpBuopEjai BjmonnsaBjjui ap BpuasnB BJ
A ajiB jap pBpijED BJ ajiua A 'ajre jap pBpijEo BJ A Borjqnd pnps BJ anua
saoBjua jBjjsoraap Bred Bsujauap uppBimojui aauapuns ajsixg -sjBd
-------
oipip ua sajqeDjjdB SBUUOU SBJ UOD uBjdumD QQH3 soj ap sBzpai
-uog sapcpiunuioD SBJ anb B iBpnAB Bred 'Eiajuooj BJ ap sopsj soqure
U3 EjruonjasaBijut BJ ap ojuarureiofeui ap soaoaAbid JEDUEUIJ Bjed
'(spjSu; ua sejiis sns jod '^yg) wsjuoj,j BJ ap ajjy jap pEpip;} ap
opuoj un ap uppsaJD BJ BUBSaoau Bas 'BDUUO SEUI BjauBui ap SBzrriŁ)
\n aa ayiv iaa avanvo aa oaNOd ND yvayo a
•ODijqnd JB ajqraodsip B§BIJ as uppBtmojui Bisa anb KDBIJ
uejjpod uaiqurei srasandoid saXaj SB~J -uppBuiJojur Bjsa B osaooB
ausii ou ODijqnd p 'jBjauaS oj jod ojad sauopepuaruoDai ajjojjBsap A ajapisucQ,, ^33 ap of
-asuoD p anb ajambaj opapje OIJDTQ -opBiuauiajdun opis Bq
cwiad 'Buiai aasa BpioqB Eoupury auoj\[ ap [Eauaiqmy
op opjanDy jap (Z)0l ojnDpjy jg -Bjaauog BJ ua
-jai ap otjasip ap sauBjd soj ajqos BziJaauoijsuBJi uppEogpou ap
OIUSTUBDOUI un asiaoajqBjsa Bjjaqap 'ounujtu 011103 ':!0^sva a*'s:l ^^
J3S opnd sopBZiuouuB sauoisiuia ap sojismbai ap odmS un ap OJJGJ
-jusap p 'ODp9p\j ua Btueiaqos ap sasaiajui soj A sopraQ sopBjsg soj
ap onuap sopEzraouure soiismbaji ap BpuasnB BJ Biuano ua opuBuioj^
'NODVDIdllON 3Q VIA131SIS NO MV3HD •
•soptuQ sopBjsg-
trzuoiuojj upi§ai EJ ap sopBj soqure ua uBiado anb SBDiuoppoui
-jai SBJ ured opejojdxa jas Bjipod jBjnuis opianoB UQ -gg6I 3P
-------
ap pdprunui jBponjaA anbjed
p ua sojronpA ap oiTOiunuaauEui A uppoadsui ap ojojjd EuiEjSojd
un jBiuauiajdun 3 jEuasrp B jEptiAB X odmba jEuop
Breg 'EUBnfrL ap pBpnr) BJ uco opjanoB un UOJBUJJIJ
ap sajiApraoiny ap uppBJBda^j ap oijoEdsaQ p X BIUJCXJIJE^ ap
ajuaiqtuy orpsy^ pp uppoajojd ap BpuaSy EJ :joOŁ PP OZJBUJ us pz
-uauioo Biujojrpo ua oqBD B opuEAajj Eisa as 3tib oiDaAOjd OJJQ
•SEAisaDxa sauoisnua UOD sojnonpAB sauopBip g^ TO optrej
-jnsaj 'sauopoadsui 988 oq^5 B 9A3H STffVD '10/000Ł pisandnsajd
DUE p ug '00Ł$ U3 UKZUSIUIOO anb ssjjnui E soppauios uos oumt[
ap SEAIS33X3 sauoisruia uoo sasnqoinB A sauoiureo scrj -ooprap;}
X BSSJ^ ABJQ us ajuauipdpupd 'soznaiuojj SSDIUD soj ro oqBD B UEA
-ajj ss ssuopDsdsirr SB^[ 'sasnqoanB X sauorareo soj ua oumij sp SBAIS
-3DX3 S3UOISIUI3 SBJ UBUOpDsdsUI JEUOSIsd 3p Sodmbs ]BnO pp SpABH B
upposdsuj sp BurejSoij un oqBD B BASJ] Biunf
-(s3]§ui us sEjSis sns jod 'g^JVD) ie[a3C5[p3 3P sooupjsouny
sp Bjunf BJ sp S^ABJI B 3jp pp pBpipo sp sBujajqojd
soj opirepjoqB UBISS Biujojrp[) sp ssppijo soj 'pjBjss pAiu y
•SHOdsUEJl 3p JOpSJJOO pp UppE3UB[d
A 'swrapip s^ui sozijsiuojj ssonjo 'suodsuBjj pp
By ua S3UOISJ3AUI SEj jEuipjoco ua sjsisuoD pdpuijrd 3nboju3
'SOIJB sop sp ojunfuco ofEqBjj sp trejd OAsnu un pjdopE XBmpnujnqQ
ap pBpnp BJ us IQQZ 'oranf sp ^x P pranaj ss pjraio^ |g -sjjodsuBjŁ
pp uppBuiEjSojj A uopBatiEjj Bjred njQHH-oopcsj^ ojunfuo^j
ofBqBjŁsp panuo^) p OUIOD oppouoD puopBtnq ozisnjss un ua SOUB
ooup sjuBjnp opBdpiMEd BLJ 'SBKJSJOBQ sp pjapsj uppBJisraiurpy
ns ap spABjj B 'finaS SOI 3P swodsuBjjL ap oirouiEiiEdaQ jg
•pBppmoap BJ Bjsd ajqBjuajsns BjnjonjjsaBjgfui
ap ojjojjBsap p ppgo oixaauoo un ua BSuod anb puopBuiq opianoB
un jaoajqBjsa ua ajsisuoo sejaui sns ap BUQ -Buiajqojd p jod sopsd
-nooajd 'sapiuaureujaqriS ou sauopBziuE§jfo A 'sojoap sappgo 'sapi
-uaiquiB sojaiuaSm 'soirepBpnp ap ajsisuoo odnjS jg -Bn§E pp osn
ap OUIOD ajiB pp psprpo ap BJSIA ap ojund p apsap OJUBI 'sajqejuaj
-sns SEOTOOppouuaj SBJ jaAouioid Bred Bmsnpui BJ ap sappgo uco op
-UBreqBJj BJjuanoua s SEZuajuoxj SEDiJjDajaouijaj^ SBJUBJJ ap oJBqBJŁ
ap odnij) ja 'nfl33"o::>P:3]A[ pluspTOO Bzuaauo.ij uoiSai BJ ug
S3aVQ3DOS SVH1O
•BouajsounB BD
-uano BJ ap ouuap ajp jap uppButureauoo BJ ap jonuoo A uppuaAaid
ap SBiSajBjjsa SBJ ap BDjaoE sauopBpuaurcoai opuBjjojjBsap Bjsa A ssp
-ua§B ap pBpaOTA Bun BJBd jrosass OUJOD SAJIS BzuEijy B^[ •BIUJOJTJB^
BJBg 'oaiiEso'g-BUBnfrL/Biiujojip^) 'oSaiQ UB§ ap BDjjajsoujjB
BJ E jpuas BJBd BppajqBjsa opts BTJ '(sajSui ua ssjSis sns jod '
airy jap p^pipQ ap puopBing BZUBijy EJ 'Eiujojip^) ug
•ouozo p EJtEdajre jap pEprpo Ejarqos EauEjcrejscfr cropEccr
-jojui pBpiunuioo BJ B Buopiodojd aj anb 'ouozo ja aiqos UOODE ap
oiJBip BuiBiSojd un ap uppEjuauiajdun BJ 'A ioujapvui ja ua ouoqiBO
ap oppcpuoui ap BpEioduiaj EJ ajuBjnp zajEnj[ pEpnQ ua sopBuaSpco
sajqpsnquioa ap uppnqijnstp BJ faauand ja ua uppsaSuco ja '
JEJ ap 'opuE§pnu 'Ejajuoij EJ ap aoniD ja jEjijpBj EJEd 'uoiusig
BJ ap aiuanj p ua BJJO BJ B pBpnp Bun ap ajuauiBOTip TIBJBIA anb soj
Bred opEuSisaQ JIJJB^) un ap ojuanuiDajqBjsa ja uaAtijom sopos sns A
DVf PP sanrapai sojSoj scq -sapiuauiEUjaqnS ou sauopBzruESjo ap
A 'B3Tjqnd pnps ap 'sappasnpui a sapiJEsaiduia 'SBOimapBDE sauopra
-psui 'nil33 sojX ODKaj^ ap 'sapooj A sapjBjsa 'sapjapaj soujaiqoS
soj ap saauBjuasajdaj ap ojsandraoo Bisa sojqiuaitu Q^ ap odnj§ ajsa
'ZBJ Eq ap opEjEjj p aoypuadB un ap saABjj B '^tj6l U3 opyasjqrasg
•Bzyjajuojj upiSaj BJ ua 'pooj jaAiu B puopBurq uppEjadooD BJ
ap ojapoui oiuoo opBuioi BU, as 'anofq jap OSB,J jg ap BonajsouuE BO
-uano BJ ua aire jap pEpijBD EJ jEJofaui Ejsd ppajqEjsa as anb 'ojoa/ojd
ajsg '(sajSuy ua SEJ§IS sns jod '3y0 oop9pj OAan^j 'Buy BUOQ
ap opBpuo^-zajBnf-osBj; jg ap Bouajsouny Bouan^ BJ ua ajry jap
pBpip3 BJ ap ojuaTUJBJo(a]Ai ja BJBd Bjunfuo[) Bjjosasy ap ofasuo^
J3 EpBUIEJJ BAnBpIUT EUn ap SaAEJJ B BJ3JUOJJ BJ ap OpBJ OJJO p SOUID3A
sns uoo opUBJEqBjj UEjsa coprapAj OAanjv^ A sExajj^ ua sappno so^
•ozjanjsa ajsa ua UBjadooo
as Buozijy ap piuaiquiy pEprp^ ap ojuaujEjjEdaQ ja A sapsp
-np sop SE^J •SOUIUIEO ap uppBjuauiiAEd ap soioaXoid Ejsd sop^s
-aoau sopuoj soj jeosnq Bied oAisaj§B ozjanjsa un opBzuauioo UBIJ vA
sajEooj sapBpyunuioo SEJ 'upioBjnp ap SOIJE SOIJEA ap orpnjsa ajsa ap
asEj Bumjn OUIOD 'Boijqnd pnps BJ B soSsau ap sistpuE un oqBD B BJBA
-ajj Euozijy ap opBjsa ja anb ap jEsad y 'SBUBUjjatj sapBpnp ap led
otjorp ua QlWd sBjnopiEd ap uppBuitcrejuoo ap sajuEuusp sauop
-BJiuaouoo opBjaAajr Etj pno ja 'Bjarjj BrtSy-SEjSnoQ ap BBJE ja
jap pEpijeo ap jEuiuijjajd oipnjsa un ap sopsjjnsaj soj ajqos
ua sopEJDnjoAur usjsa Buozijy ap sappgo soj 'SBUjapy
•sappjauioo sauoiuiEO
BpBjjua ap ojjand jap uppEijduiE EJ A 'ODKajAj ua ajuaui
-ppadsa 'SOUIUJBD ap uppEjuauiiABd BJ ouioo sapj 'ajre jap pBpipo
BJ ua sopEoojTO BJraonjjsaBjjuT ap sojoaXojd soj EJBd sapjapaj sopuoj
uBiisaoau a§ 'Euozixy ap ajjodsuBjjL ap ojuauiEiJBdaQ jap
ja uoo ojunf 'BJOUOJ ap (gjQlS) BiSojoog A Eusqj
ap sBjjBiajoag BJ A (sajSut ua ssjSis sns rod '^}g(jy) Buozijy ap
pjuaiqury pEpip^) ap ojuauiBjjEdaQ jap O§JBD B Bjsa OApBjado oSzs
-japij jg -sopEjuaunAEdsap SOUIUIED soj jBztjiqEjsa ap JK>OJ Braajqojd
oopjJD ja A 'sajuapisaj soj ap awed jod ajqij ajre p ssuianb 'BpEjjua ap
ojjand ja ua ODQEJI ap uppsaSuoo 'sajoaoujojnB sojnDnjaA ap sauois
-juia SBJ opuaXnjout 'SBUBUziatf sapBpnp ap BpjBd Bun Bjed raajd
-raoo BjauEUj Bun ap ajp jap pBpijBD ap sapuopBuiq sojunsE soj isp
-------
-joqc uo ojouiud p sa Buozuy-BJouocj sp ]/\ng jg •SOZIJSJUOIJSUBXI
sriuo|C]Ojd op pepsaBA trea§ Bun jaAjosaj Bred 'ssjEisjEjiq ssuois
-nosip SBJ uo EOijqnd upiuido BJ jEiodjoDur usDsnq sssred sop soj 'ss
-SjEd soqurc ap sopBjnsuoo soj jod opBinS ss A 'coixpjAi sp saiorojxg
sauopEpy op Ejjmaiass B[ X jQfigg soj ap oprasg sp ojusuiBUEdsQ
p Jfld tUMUOlJ B[ ap O§JBJ OJ B OppajqEaSS OpIS BIJ 3nb OJtOJ 3p odn
un S3 JETO p '(sa|§ur ua SEJ§IS sns jod 'p*ng) (gjoznaauoij sDBjug sp
ouisiUE33p\[y oiso op spABJi y 'pnjES BJ B sojDEduii soj jrBjnsusuiuoD
X 'Buozuy 'sojBSojv^ ua QUAJd ap EUUOU BJ nco pspiuiJojuoD sp BIJBJ
ap Euiajqoid p uco JBIEIJ Ered IQQZ PP oiaua ua sauoisrosip sp suss
cun uorepju; Bucaijy X BJOUO§ sp sopBjsg soj 'ojduisfs joj
•scousjsounB soppour ap uppssjo
C] X oojomioiu p snb jBnS; JB 'sauoisiuis sp SOIJBJUSAUI sp ojjojjBssp
p OUIOD S3|Bi 'aire jap pBpjjBD sp sBuisjqoid sp soiprass opusAnjom
'DOC WWUOLJ BUiBjSojj ja ofeq sopspuBug uojrsnj snb L SBSJE SBJSS
us oqia B UOJBA3JJ as anb aare jsp pBpijBD sp sspuopEuiq soogrjusp
soiprusa qowaid ua opEssq pisa ptuDB oSojBtp jg -sjp jsp pEptjED
op SEiuai opuaXnpur 'uaireduioo snb ssjEjusiqure SEtusjqoid SOIJEA
sp jopapaip sspijps sapspspos opireuuoj usn§is sssuspitmopBjss soz
-UMUOJJ sopasa OJjBno soj us SEpBDiqn SBUsuustj sspspnp SB^;
saavano 30
I I: '! h :•; I :: :
a3DOSASOID3AOd
•aiiE jap pBpijBD EJ ajqos ssjspusjod sowajs soj jeunujsjsp
uicd sos%>ns sojsa uEjeajoiruout saaopBjsiSsj soj snb sjusupjsd BJJS§
'JLOQSQ PP 'sopezuoiojAj anodsuBXL sp soipsj/\r sp pEptjmSss
op |BJapa.j uppEnstuiuipy EJ SJUB sopsjussaid opis UBIJ snb
somaurcjSai san ap BUISJ un snb jEtiSt JB 'ossjSuo^ ja ua ajEqap ap p
-tU3B BUiaj un sa 'SBJJIUI QŁ op ppisuioo BUOZ EJ sp Bjp SBUI EUBOpraui
pcpajdoid op souoiureD soj uaaado anb Broraijad as ouipo A optreno
Muounaacxg -oogExi ap OUB ounxpid ja ua ozrjajuoij
ooyjui ap cpBauEjd upjsusdxa BJ sa aiuEuodtui ojjojjBssp
'OZOZ °yB P ^ pcprjEniDB EJ sjjus UBJBDijdnp ss nn33 SOI3P OJ1
•uop jBjaua§ ua ojojj op sauouipjOA soj snb usoipajd sasuapiunopEjsa
souodxo soipnjAl '(sauojjiq \j_\$) uprureD jod BpBzrjtAora snj ssusiq
sojso op ojJEd JO(EUI BJ 'BAPBDIJIU§IS BjauBui SQ 'QQQZ p us SSUOJJTH
QlZ$vfy66l uassuojju3 gg$appiusumE'spijjsdnsapsorpauisoiao
X scjjaqm 'sapu 'sauoiuiED jod EZIJIAOUJ as snb oorxpjAj A flQH3
SOJ ojiuo opJOiuoD ja '01133 SOI 3P a^JodsuBjjL sp oiuaureuEdsQ
jap ojjodsuBJL sp SEDjjsjpEasg ap oijDBdsaQ p opjanoB SQ
:S31VDH3IAIOD S3131J B
•BJSJUOJJ EJ 3p SOpBJ SOp
SO] op oSiEj o] E sopEpiunuiOD SEJ ua BinaonnssBijui sp SBtusjqojd soj
JSAJOSSJ Bjsd sjuEjjodrai ojusturepuEug ap BpuajsisB jausaqo OJJBS
-aosu sa 'ajuaurejEj^) -SBJOS js jod OSE^ jg sp SETUOJOD SBJ uaisixa SEpBi
-USUITABdsSp S3JJED 3p SEJJIUI QC,C, A Qty SUUS Snb UEjnOJEO OSEJ [g
sp opBpuo^) jsp ssppgo scrj •SBUEDpcsui sapEpiunuios SBJ B opBug
-UOD BJiuanous as ou sopEjuauitABdssp SOUIUIBD sp Biusjqoid jg
•sopEjuauiTABdssp
souiureo soj ajqos Buiajqojd ouisrui js UEJUSJIJUS A 'SEUJJOU SBJ
uoo oausnuijdumo ap Bjpj sp sEuisjqojd sotusjui soj sp sotpnui UBJ
-uauiTJsdxs 'opBjjnssj oraoQ -Tsienf pBpnt^/osBj; jg sp
Eousno EJ uajjBduioD 'ODprapvj OAanjvj 'Buy BUOQ sp
jsp sspuopipB SBIUOJOD Qt sausuiEpEuirxojdE A ;oop9jAj
'Xuotpuy SoDrxsj^j OAsnj\[ 'JjJBfj puBjung •SEoijqnd ssjqo sp soj
-osXojd E BoijdB ss sired Ejfsojsj Bun sjuauiEjos sapno soj sp 'ssuojjiur
OSI$ 3P ra IOOZ °9B P BJtB^ ZSJEHŁ pEpnQ ap pdpiuntu ojssndns
-sjd js 'upioBjeduioo ug -7sien[ pBpnQ us sopBiusuitABdssp
sounuED sp SBJJIUI zf, lEjuauijAEd BjBd ssuojjrai 56^;$ sp tipis
-J3AUI Bun sismbsj ss anb pranss '(JIJAJI) uppEsirej^ A uppESnsaAuj
sp pdpiunjAj oanjpsuj jsp oipmsa ajuapaj u[\ -sopBiusra
-lAEdssp UBjsa zajEnfpBpnQ us sourareo soj sp %ŁŁ 'zsjrenf pBpnQ
-OSEJ jg ug -sopEjusraiABdssp UEJSS EJSIJJ; BnSy ua SOUIUIBD soj
sp %g8 spuop 'Ejsiijj BnSy-SEjSnoQ us sjjdsj ss Bpuspusj Ejsg
•sasred soqure us ssmiBurajd sawsnui
A SBHOjBJidssj sspBpsuusjus SEJ us oiusumE un sa Eujajyp aass
ap Epuanoasuoo EJ anb Buipss s§ -caixsyq us BUBUUSIJ pEpnp ns us
sjp jsp pEpijBD sp EJraDnjjsaBjjui sp sojoaXojd sp uppBzipug EJ uis
oidunj ajp un ireSuaa Euozijy 'ssp§ojfvj sp ssauBiiqExj QOO'OZ SOI3n^
3jq;sodun sa 'saauEjiqEij QOO'OOS I550 3P uppBjqod Bun suaij EJOUOJ
'ssp§oj\j snb opEQ 'UEJSS oj ou EJOUO§ 'sap§oj\j us SOUIUIBD soj
sp %Q6 sJusurepBuiTxojd? 'sopBiusurtAEd uEasa Buozijy csapSo^[ us
SOUIUIED soj sopoj ISED snb sp jEssd y 'Euozijy 'sap§oj\j us 'OlWd
sp EUIJOU EJ uoo ojusiuiijdujno ap Bjpj sp uppipuoo EJ E sspd
-pupd ssjusXnqujuoo soj uos oorx^y\[ 'ssjESojsj; ua sopEjusuiiABdssp
SOUIUJED soj snb pnsourap sapSoj^f soquiy us sjp jsp pEpifED sp
pjauaS oipnjsa un 'ojduisfs joj -pnps sp SEUisjqojd soj sp oiUBi p
UBjsa sapooj sappijo soj snb sp JEssd B 'SOUIUIED sp uppEiuauiiAEd EJ
3uaiA3jd sosjmDaj sp Bapj EJ 'sapqijj souajjsj us A SBZUSJUOJJ sspBpiu
-nuioD sp ojsumu UEJ§ un ug -auodsuEJi ap OUIOD 'pjusiqure BJSIA
sp oaund un spsap OJUEJ sopEjusraiABdssp SOUIUIED soidojfd sns jod
ssjqBSuodssj opuais UEUIUIJSJ 'sspqin sspBpranuioD SEJ opusXnjDui
'SBZijaauojj sapEpiunuico SEJ 'SEBJE SEJJO BpEij opiSprp sjusiuEijduiB
EJSS JEJBJSS A pjspsj oujsiqo§ pp pnjDB ojusiujEpuBuij ja anb E^
:SOaVlN3IAI[AVdS3Q SONIIA1VD II
-------
'(se|6uj ue
se|B|s sns jod ' tg-V3l) IZ °I6!S Is ejeci eyodsuBJi
|e ue pepinbg ep spy |e OLUOD eoouoo as |enpB
uopezuoine e-] -osaiBucQ p jod epeqojde enj
enb 'epyjedns ep eyodsuej} |e ejed soye SOJJEA ep
U9pe|sj6e| e| ep eiged se DV1AID euiejBay 13
•ane |ep pep
-i|eo B| ue enb oiueiiUBuopseBuoo |ep uppeBjjiuj e|
ue seai opeDOj.ue usij es so;se6 so| 'sejopeAjesqo
soun6|e ep upjudo e\ ug "OVIAD PR sopuoj.
so| jejseB 00190 ejqos seuojspep se| ueuuoi '(se|E}
-ueiquie seuopezjueBjo uos ou enb) oueij|odojieuj
o}ueiujeeue|d ep sauopezmeBjo OUJOD sep
-pouoo 'ayodsuaq. ep se|eoo| sepueBe se-| -e:uod
-SUEJ; ep opy.eueq un eoznpojd pepiAjpe e| enb
ejejnbej ejueoie|os QVIAD 'oiisu&q. \a o sejejej
-JBD SB| ue ooypedsa enbojue un usuep. enb SBLU
-sjBojd sojio enb ejujisip ejeuBuu BQ -eiuodsuBj}. |e
UOD sBpeuope|ej seuojsiaie se| ueonpej enb 'QtlAld
^ '(CO) ouoqjeo ep opjxououj 'ouozo ep SBLU
-jou SB| UOD ue|duinD ou enb seejB ue SBiuejBojd A
sopeAojd jBpuBUjj. se BoiBjBojd ejse ep ojjspdojd
[3 -se|6ui ue se|6is sns jod 'QVIAD o ©ejjy |ap
PEP!IBD e| SP oiueiLUBJofeiAj A oiue|aieuo|jse6uo3
|ep u9pB6jij|/\j ep eaiBjBojdv ns sp SBABJI B ejjB |ep
pspiieo ep so^unsB so| BJBd BpBiiuji| BpnAB eeAOjd
js 'ejjB |ep pepi|BO ep ssuje|qojd so) jepjoqs
ue |epue6uBi |edsd un eBenf ejueaiBps '(se|6uj
ue SB|6|S sns jod loaSH) 0033 sol sp e^iodsuBj_L'
ep oiueLueysdea |e enb ep jesed v
•|B5.Bisejeju| e se|BuopB|\j sejeq.ejjB3
ep Boieisis |ep semai QOO'051. se| B epjBuip BA |Bje
-pej. spnAB B| ep e^isd joAeuu B| 'sopmn sopejsg so]
ue soujoiBD ep seuo||!iu p \seo so\ eQ -opjeaioo ep
|ep se|qesuodsej SOUJLUBD ep sejBdpuud
| ue SBje^ejJBQ ejBd o^spdeQ ep opuoj
|ep sosjnoej so| opeDoj.ue BLJ sopjuf) sopsjsg so|
ep [Bjepej. oujejqoB g -se|eoo| A se|eie;se so^seB
ep ueueiA se:ued ejeojeq. sop SBJJO SBI -SOUJLUBO
so| ue soDJiqnd soiseB so| ep eyed Bjeojei Bun
ueaisqe eyodsueji ep se|ejepe.j. seaiejBojd so-]
'OOOZ P U3 soP!ufl sopBjsg soj B UOJEJJUS snb SSUOTUIBD
OOO'OOZ }SK) P^^^nflX^F^JIFD 'OJP!SAUBS 3P 3DnjD P 'BJSTOOJJ
BJ gp 3JS30 BJJTJO BJ us ^ TlQHa SOI 3P auodsuErL sp oauauiEjjBdsQ
pp sojBp soj B opjsnoB sp 'OUB p opoj ajtiEjnp uojBjjna ssuoiuno
OOO'OOZ 3P spur Ł 'sapireujss SSUOIUIBO sp ssomo QOO'OZ v^il
oclnll OOOZ oy^ P ug -oopcsjAj ap SEjnjj A sBmpisA sp uppBwoduii
BJ B opiqap 'snbojus sp oaimd un ss 'Buozuy-Bjouos BJ3J
-uoij BJ ap o§;rej oj B ssjESojvj ap upwaro sp ojjgnd js 'ajssojou p SBJAJ;
'(1002 '2unjnsuo3 J3j jod
PUB spBXL UEouamy tpjoj^j -ins B auou sp ojund sjss jod UOJBZHJO
sp ssuojjiui %•Ł 'gggj ug •jnn33-coP9^t BJSJUOJJ BJ sp
B opmmuoo SEUI ^PBJJUS sp oirand p sa 'opajeq OA3nj\j sp
BUBUIJ31J pBpnp ns X SEX3Ł 'OpSJB^ 3JJU3 OZIJ3JUOJJ SDHJO JJJ "SSpBp
-IJBOOJ SBJS3 3p SEIpntU U3 SJUSIpS S3 UppBnjIS BJS3 'ODOBO 3p UpDSsS
-UOO BJ UBJBOU3 OZTJ3JUOIJ 30HJD 3p SOJUTld SOIJBA 3nb SBJ1U3IJAJ
•ousSojain sp oprxp / ssug SBjnopjBd sp sspeppuBS sajoABtu usaims
snb 'sopBssd SBUI 'sofsiA sojspoui uos 'OOIXSJAJ apssp rasiuoij BJ sp
UEJBIA anb S3UOIUIB3 soj sp soijonui anb sp uopBdnooard BJ
'OIJAId 3P ssuoisrara SBJ gjusureijduiB ofnpgj pno oj 'sopniQ
soj us jassip UBzjjpn snb sojnonpA soj B ssuopBogipour
yjg BJ 'ft^6l 3P JiWBd y -ssug SBOIXOJ SBpopred sp sspd
-puiid samsnj SEJ sp Bun ss jsssip sp uppsnquioD -er\ -sBjoq SBOTA
sjuBJinp opipusous jojoui js JSUSJUBUI B jsssip tresn snb sauoiuno
soj B treSijqo upposdsoi sp SSJIJJEO soj spuop 'ODijBn oijonui ABU
spuop OZTJSJUOJJ sotuo sp soaund soj us siusujjBjnopjBd 'pjuarqure
SJIB JSp pBpIJBO BJ Sp UOpBpBlSsp Bf B SJUSUIBApBOyiuSlS sXnqiJJUCO
OOUEJJ sp orosuinB sass 'SODIUIOUODS sopususq soj sp jBssd y
•oipsur sjss
jod uuBjiodsuBxi ss ssusiq soj sp jopA jsp oiusp jod gg un sousui
o SBUI snbjod 'BZUSJUO^: BJUIOUOOS BJ Bred sjuBjjodun sjusurppsdss
ss BjsasjjBO jod ssppjsuioo sojnoiijsA sp sauspgs uppszij
-IAOUI BJ jBmSssy -SOUE QŁ sounxpjd soj sauBmp ssuoiureo sp ODIJ
--en p us o/0Ł8 «n TOSEIJ sp puopipB oausumB un uBjosXoid soipnass
-------
sounSjv -Riaiuojj BJ Eznr> anb sauoiuiED ap ojauinu p BjuaumB
upiqurei VIHVN JodopBjuaiuoj opiauioD p BjuaumB sEijuaTjAj
•tuMuaij v\ sp sopBj soqure ua sappiauioo sapEpiAHDB SBJJO
X iaopc|inbEui BUjsnpui BJ aims jEjuaurepuru aDEjua ap BAITS sire pp
ssjireutunauoD ap jiApui^ ajuanj Bjsg •sBpESiAaj opuais iiBjsa uaiq
-uiei sappreuioD saisn ap auodsuEjj p uraoajB anb srapjjod SB-J
WDM3IAIOD 3131=1
•sapBprunuioD sns ap saAEjj B BZTJIAOUI as anb
reuopBiuaiui oogBJi pp uppBuiurejuoD BJ B japuajB Bjed sosmoaj
SOJ usasod ou anb SBMB - sajBDOj seaiB SBJ ap pspijiqEsuodsai Bun ua
trairajAuco as sopBjraunAEdsap SOUTUIEO soj 'OJUEJ oj JQJ -oauaiurep
-ircug ap tifeq Xnxu pcpuoud BUB sourareo soasa B ajrep B uapuap
upiqura owodsuBXj sp sajBjBjsa sBureiSoid scq; -BpuaasisB Jtqpaj
Grcd sa]qSap BBSS ou SOUIUIBD soasa anb USDBIJ anb uaum|OA ap
soijsmbai uauan suodsuBJi ap sapiapaj sBureiSojd so] 'sBtuapy -sop
-ijps sonpisai X 'sapmpisai SBnSB 'ajqBiod Bn§B p OUIOD sayEj 'sajoXBtu
sciusiqoid ua paruonxisaEijui BpuaasisB us opBDOjua uBif ajuaiqure
Oipui pp sajEJOpaj SBuraSoid scq; -Buiaiqojd ajsa jBpioqB Bred sop
-Buasip tijnss sopniQ soprasg so] ap o cop9p\[ ap ajjodsirexi ap SBUI
-UjSojd so[ lu 'ssjBjuaiqtoB sEuiBjSojd soj ra 'pBpipraoB BJ ug
•BatreSjBS B[ A ZIJBU BJ IKKOI
5 'ssuouqnd soj xevpsp 'seuoiBJidsai sapBjjnDijip JESBBD uapand odp
31S3 ap scjrnpJBd SET; '(OlWd) o^auiBip ap SBJDTUI QI ^P saiouaui
scrnajircd OUJOD oppouoo am p ua Bxrap A OAjod p uaAnqrauoo Biaj
-uoai BI sp sopBj soqure ua sopBiuaunABdsap SOUIUIBD soq -sopBiuaui
upasa sapBpranraoD SBjsa ua SOUIUIBD soj ap (%QŁ 'SOSBO
soipnui ua) OApBouiuSis afBjuaDiod u[\ '(8661 «'n3unoO 3:>lre:>s!ssV
Sujsnopi,,) SBUOsiad ap sauojjTur c;\ BJBd xeSoy ap uaAiis
soprasg-oop9p\i BJSJUO^ B[ ap O§JBJ oj B SBIUOJOD ap
soaviNaiAiiAVdsaa SONII/MVD
•ojiuty p ua sojsBdun soasa jB§pnn A sajuasajd vA sBuray
-qojd SO] jrepoqB Bred pEppsdED ap uppeuutg ap oXods p uaoajaui
•sapepiAnoE SBisa ap EsnBD B soApsiau soiDBdun ap opBuopiodoidsap
p.MU un opusijjns rasa uapand anb sEzjjaroojj sapEpraniuoo
SC[ 'spuiapy -Bjuioucoa BJ anb jBnSi p 'aiuarqure oipaui ja A BUBtumj
pntes E[ usprenSBAjBS sBopjjod seisa anb A 'puopsu uppuajE uBqpai
SBJuasE^qns SBOpjjod sns anb opEidoidE sa 'OJUBJ oj jo
-------
oupsji nsng pp [Epiqmy Bjiif B[ ap anuopi oinnij)
•alp pp pTspipa ap SEUJTOU sBj uoa uajdumo ou anb SBSJB
SBjjanbE ua ajuarappadsa 'sapjuaiqure scxpBdun soj us ojuaurnB
un ua jBijnsai uapand sojsa is 'sosrraiad ap uppuajqo ap osaoojd
soj jB.msa.idE ajuaupiad Eas ou anb ajqisod sg -Ezpaiuoij upi3aj BJ ua
ailE pp pBpIJBD ap BUaaBUI U3 SajUajSDCa SOJ3J SOJ B OpKpp UOpUBlE
JOAEUI aoajaui UppEpUaiHODaj BJ30J3J BJSg 'EJ3TOOJJ EJ 3p S3ABH B OID
-J3UI03 p JBirjpBJ EJEd 'BZU3TOOIJSUBJJ peppIIDap 3p SappUapISaiJ
SOSIUIJ3J SOJ 'SOTJBS3D3U J3S p
-------
cjSiDUD BJ inauaiuoj anb soj ap sauopuaiui SEJ ap BDJSDB uppEuuojui
jinSasuoo jpyip ro 'BUIIOJ pn§; SQ -sasuapiunopBjsa sapBpnmuioo
suj B BjSreua ap uaoaasBqB anb oduiap ouisiur p 'oop9]AI ua sauopBj
•Tasu; sns opuafansuoD 'saiuaSpca SBUI sauoisrtna ap SSJOJJUOD ap osn
p JBJIAS uapand asuapiunopEjsa pBpaidojd ap sEnredraoo SBJ 'BjSiaua
op zasBDSD Bun opiiBJuajjua 'ajuauippuaioj 'Biujojip^
piss BjSjsus ap onsTurums ns ap aired BUQ -BJIUOJI^ V(V
ua EpiraisuoD opuais Bjsa asuapranopBjsa pBpaidoid ap uppBj
-rasu; Bun :ojduiafa joj; -sopniQ sopsnsg soj ap ssupaA sapEpitmuioD
SB] BJBd sappuaaod sosiaAps sojoaja BJauaS pno oj "uaaspca ou '(ouoq
-JBD ap opncpuoui ap p ua OUIOD) SOSKD sounSp ua 'A sopw[\ sopBjsg
soj us anb sajuaSixa souaui jas B uapuap sauoisnna ap souBorxaui
soiisinbai so^ '0009^ ua Bpmasuco Bas anb BAanu BDmoppouijai
jambpno BJBd vdHN 3P coismtaj upSura ajspo ou 'ajuaurejBQ
•jBjapaj ouja;qo§ p osaa>B auan anb BJ B ajuBAapj uopBimojui
t!j tpoi B osaDDB jauaj ou uapand ojad 'sopjanoB sotjorp oppajqBjsa
UBi] soptufi sopsisg soj ap sozuaiuoif soprasa sounSjv -sBisan
-dojd srottpapouuai ap BDjaoB BAOBjmba uppBUHOjui o uppBoijnou
BJ Bjainfoj anb opBiBJj unSuiu aispca ou 'sBinapy -sasred soqure
jod SEppreduiOD 'seziJajuogsuBn <(SBDuajsoimB SBDuan3; SBJ ua
sajEnpiAipui SBDtnoajsouuai ap sauoisraia SBJ ap soAnsSau soooBdun
soj ssiEipw o/X asjBfauEUJ uaqap anb ua Bjairetu BJ mmmajap
Bicd BjnS ap BAJIS anb oziJaiuojjsuBii opjanoB unSmu aispca oj^[
:S3NOISIIAJ3 3Q SVI/MHON SVJLNIJL
-sia 'svaiiavdiAioD svoiapdsoi/\!±v svDNano m
•JBDOJ ooippnad un ua opBDijqnd
ojnajiJB un ap SSABII B oaoaXoid aasa ap uoreiajua as sopraQ sopBjsg
soj ap sajEjBisa X sajBjapa} sappgo soj anb aoip 35 -ODp9]/\[ ua SBpB
-J3U3§ sauoisiuia JiqpaJ Bjjpod Buozny opjenoe ep eiueaiBOL(.joedsa sopip
-uspo uses sosjouad sns anb o |e}uaiquje u9jS|Aaj
eun ueAnpuj 'sa|BJ8paj. sopaAcud so| opuaAnpui
'sepuejB sopaAojd so| sopo^. anb ajambej
as 'eiujo}!|B3 ua 'o|dLuafa JDJ -|BDO| o |BiBjsa
leiuajquue upjSjAaj EJIO jajnb|sno o iBjapaj. o |BiBjse
osiuuad 040 jajnb|Bno ap seaiaps '(sa|6u| ua ss|6js
sns jod Vd3N) sais^uajqaiv sBDiiipd ap JBUOJDBN
EPV p ofsq 'leiuajqujy opsdoii ap sauopBjepaQ
o/A sa|6iua|qoiv sauopBn|BAg oqsD B uaAay
as anb uajainbaj B|B3sa joAsuu ap sa|Bjapaj. soq.
oaAojd so-] -sopsisa so| B sosjujjad ap
ap sapspiAipB SB| ap SBun6|B o sBpoq.
sa|BjuajqoiB sa|Bjapaj. saAa| SBLpn|/\| -sauop
-B|nditsa sns Ji|dujno aDBU, uaiqaisi |sno e\ 'aiue
-iquje ojpauj |ap |BiBisa spuaBs e\ ap saiuauiyad
sosjouad so| usBuaiqo sopjup sopBisg soj ua SB
iuB|d SB| sepoq. anb asopuainBass
un UB6enfss[eiBisa soujajqoB so-]
OUJOD 'isjapaj. |3Aju B oiuei spB|n6aj Bjsa
BjBjaua B| 'sopiup sopBisg so| ua 'ejSBJ^uoD ug
•sos|ouad A SBpuaDi| ap uppuajqo ap
B| a;usjnp |BOO| euBiiunuuoo uppedptued e\
DixaiAj ua sapepiun^jodo sBDod Anuu 33340 |B
-npe ofsqEJi ap ODJSLU jg -sepeD!|de jas B '(SIAJON °
SBUEDixaiAi sa|Bpifo SBLUJON) SBUJJOU SB| aoajqeise
A 'oisendojd opaAojd spea Bjsd |Bq.ua|qoie
opsdujj ap oipn^sa un ajambaj :seoupa|aoLUjai
SB| uoo JBq.BJi |B |adBd a|qop un eBanf '(sa|BjniB|\j
sosjnoay A aq.ua|qaiv oipa|Aj ap euejajoas)
IVN^VIAiaS 'siuaiquiB oipaoi |ap EJOpB[n6aj BUBO
-jxaoi spuaBB e-j -sosjouad so| japua^xa ap a|qs
-suodsaj '(gyo) BiBjaug ap sjopB|n6ay upisjiuoQ
B| E opuaAnpui 'ooixaiAj ap BDjiaBjaua sjnq.
-Daqsa BJ UBUUJOJ. sa|BiuaujEUjaqn6 sauopsziusBjo
SBJ;O SBUB/\ -g-)3 B| UOD oisj^uoo un uBauy. 'ooixa|/\|
ua sBjafuBJpo sBiuBdujoo jod sspjnjjsuoD opuajs
usisa anb sBoupa|aoauaq. sB^us|d ss| A ;oDixa|Aj ua
BjBjaua jpnpojd ap pspyiqEsuodsaj e\ auaji '(3dO)
pappupag ap |Bjapa_| upisjujoo B-) -ODjxaiAj
ap sEDj;a6jaua sBD|ij|od SB| Jiu^ap ap oBjso B B;sa
'(3S) ejBjaug ap sueiajoas BI 'iBjapaj. JBAJU B sop
-B|n6aj uos soopaSjaua SBLuaq. so| sopoj 'ODjxa|Aj ug
•sapnq.|||UJjs SE| UBBa|| JU.B B;SELJ 'sBjauBLU SBUBA ua
'ODJEqiua u|S -sopiup sops^sg so| ue OLUOO OD|xa|A]
ua O^UBI BjBjaua ap BpuBOiap B| A o-qsjuiuins
|a uB|i6|A sa|Eq.uaujEUjaqn6
-------
uppvuuaftq 'svuvsixaw
sapvpnp sty w&([!fifiijg so] ap atuafqtuy oipapf jap uppoaiOAg 27 mvdvpiaSyvj ap ^ypjofa o^qij^ 'sasuapiunopmsa sapvpnp svj atvj -.satuanj
•spjdfap opwipuadap 'sasuapiunopmsa o svuvoixaui svuuou svj v opMnov ap vas vfvpv^opnvo sa pvpnp vpv^) :vtoj\j
sajqiuodsip ou SOJEQ - y/[\j
sire pp pepiJEi sp -BUIJOU B[ SDBJSOES o^j - g
3JIE pp pBpIJBO ap BUIJOU BJ aOBJSIJBg - ^
zejenp -p3
V/N
V/N
V/N
•
©
e
ZV'
NOS 'opsJojcQ o
V N NOS '•
XI 'osej 13
IAIN '>Hed PuelunS
uog 'eq-suj en6y
zos
QlWd
ONOZO
39 'i|BDixa|/\|
Vfe||BA |Bueduuj
39 'euenfn
VD 'oBaiQ UBS
avano
VZIdilNOHd NQI91H VI N3 SillV 13Q aVQUVD *Z VlflVl
•seuosjsd QOO'009
SOU3UI O SBUI OpUE3jdui3 'S3UOJ]iq OII$S.Q 3P SSpJ
UOD SBDiuimb sejireduioo A ss^ApuiojnB 'BTOUIUI 'pdsd '
'OJ3DB 'ojjsrq sp SEjijEdraoD oXnpui Bjsanous Bq; -peppinoap
sp s3|BnaoE sopsjd soj sp BUIIDTIS jod ojusp ojd QI oipsuioid us 'oap
opsjd un UBiiB§Bd 3Tib uojstpuodssj SEjueduioo SEjsa sp pBinu BJ ap
SBUI '^SpJSA^ peppUJDap BJ jod SBUI JB§Bd B SOTSSndsip UEJJBJS3 IS S3J
-sopoSau sns jBjado BiBd sajqBAOusi sosjnosj ap psp
-pujaap SBUI jEjduioo Bred sopBJEdajd UEjsa A BpBzrpn puppinoap
•EJ sp sspauaiquiB sojoBdun soj ap OJUBJ p UBJSS snb uojBoipui SBjuBd
-uioo SBJSS us sEsajdraa ap soApnoafo soj ap oiuap jod ^ rsaauap
-uaidjos uoianj sopBjjnsaj scrj 'SBUBOpoui SBsaiduia sapdpuud
^1 3P 001 3P '100^ PP 0Wli/°^an^. U3 0:>P9]AJ dnjpj) g
Bun ppiiBug (VDD) piuaiquiy uopBjadoo^ BJ sred
•eq -pBpprooap ap (gapjaAy uppdo BUTI jpajaid uapand
-ud sajopiumsuoo A SBsajduia SBurtSp anb ajaiSns Bpuappva Bq
•Buas SEUI uppuajB
Bun aoajaui Bj§jaua ap uppBAiasuoo BJ ua anbojua JOABUI un 'orasiui
isy -uBuiuiBxa as anb sBApBuiaap sapdpurjd SEJ jas irepaqap JEJOS A
ojuaiA ap Ej&aua v~[ -uaoaiaui anb uopuajB BJ opiqpaj UEtj ou SBjsa
EJ EjsEtj 'BjSjaua ap sspuEujap SBJ ua Ezp ja EOBIJ uppnjos EJ
-------
op sued OUIOD SEpipaui seno ojsandojd UBIJ as anb ap jresad y
•(^ BjqBL ja/Q 'sopiuQ sopBjsg soj X ooixajAj Jtod sep
-pajqrass wre pp pepijro ap SBUUOU SEJ uESEdaiqos uX 'zajpnf pBpnr)
-OSPJ ]g[ X ijEDpajAj-Xauncr) puadiuj 'EUBnhjL-oSajG UEg OUIOD sajej
•sspmopBuiq srouajsouQB seouanD SEJ ap EpoABUi BJ us aire pp uppEu
-jurauoD sp sapAiu soq '(01 JAI SOIJBA ap sEApeDgiuSis saauanj
uos sroraDjipouuai SETJ -jEuofiai aire pp psprpD EJ ajqos cnoaja
pp SOWUU3] us scpBunirexs aiuauresopEpmo jas uaqap Eiajuoij EJ
M> flSrej o| B •epireuiap B[ ua oauaumE p jaoEjspBs EiEd sEoapapouijaj
op osn p us trejpissj anb sBDnp&aua sEopjjod ap sauopdo SEH[
"600Z OB3 P BJIBd A
uisci{ OOO'f'I 3p»P JEruaB psppBdeD BJ uBiEDudnp ISBD A 'ŁQQZ
PTsre^ (/5\W) suBMB§aui QOO'S 3P s?1" jod waiuoij EJ
-usS ap pi^jpBdBD BJ UEJBiuaumE soioaXojd sojsg -(i BJCJEJ^ »A)
tipiSoj BJ sp sBpsdpnuB sapBpisaoau SBJ jaDEjspBs Bred SEUI y\ opuE
-airejd upiss as X 'EZIJMUOJJ uprSai EJ ap spAEJi B Bomopp uppwauaS
ap soioaXojd Ł•[ E sosnujad opipuajxa uetj as aauauiaiuapaj anb BJJ
-sanui 'Ejajuojj BJ ap sopEj soqure B OAnoajOD pjauaS OZEJSIA uj^
'000^ °ye P U3 opopad ouisnn
ja uoo uppBJEduioo ua ojuap jod g ISBD 'IQOZ PP ^^^ 6 sojaurod
soj ajuBjnp EjSiaua ap oumsuoo ja uojsjnpaj 'sonunuoo sozjanjsa A
sajuajspo sEurejSojd soj UOD oiimf 'sauorsjoAui SEASHU ssjsg; -BjSjaua
ap uppBAiasuoo A Bpuapgs ap SBurejSojd Bred sapuopips soj
-SE§ ua sauojjitu 008$ oaiomv BIUJOJIJE^) ap EjruEjsiSaj EJ IQQZ P TO
'SEuiapy -Eraajqojd ajsa E Bjsandsai ua fQQZ OUE ja BJBd sajqiuodsip
UB1E3S3 anb puopipB uppBjauaS ap suEAffiSaui QOO'ZI }se=> 3P
jEjoj un BJBd 'jEjnjBU SE§ UEzrjpn anb SEDUjoajaouijaj SBjuBjd SEAanu
QŁ E oauaraiBUOpunj ap SBpuaorj opniuia BIJ BIUJOJIJE^) 3P Ej&aug
ap upisruio^) BJ '6661 3P roiEd y -sauoSsdE uppnBoajd ap sosuajxa
sopopad soj A sopEZioj sauoSBdB soj 'pEpppjoaja sp sopajd sajuap
-333 ajuaurepidEj soj opuaAnput 'pEppmoaja EJ pjuaurejSajsap as
anb apsap pEppmoaja ap oroaranoajsEqB ap sEiuajqoid soiias opijjns
Btj opEjsa ja 'ojduiafa jod 'Biujojip^) ap OSBD ja ug -ouEOjaD oiranj un
ua aiquiEo ojsa anb Ejadsa as ou A 'BpuBuiap/Ejiajo ap ouqijmbasap
AAW 89 JSMOJ Jacktoo
MW 38i> Jemcy UBIUMSM-J
-------
91
"Zl
|eiqj.
qoixe|/\i
U
nnaa
Z
Z
s
s
I
17
Ł 0 BJOUOg
^La^^x^i^as^^-M^;t---^^sa^Ł .,^^,.^..^a^3I7II~^y°?HĄ"
•!|BD efsg
,,,.;Ł_,..,
.B.UilQH|B~}'".
SH1N31SSX3
svanify
oavisa
VZmaiNOdd NQID3H VIN3 ONVI/W1HOAVIAI AMI/\1002 3Q SVDIdlD313OlAJd31
•spd pp 3MOH Bjsjuojg B[ ap sopiass soj us BJJBDO uoisuedxa
Btpip sp o/0g9 snb EjoaXojd 35 -ODprajAf sp pepptnoap BJ ap joooss p
us upisiredxs Bun Bjiodsi sjss treXodB (VDD) JEjusiquiy upperadoex)
BI BJBd upistujo^) BI sp SEDpsjpBjss SE-[ '(lOOJ '1^1 'roanbsej
\ JSpJOg UBDrX3]A[-Sfl 3tp IB jSjSUgjO XlfdBjSoaQ 3^,,) '0/0f.| p QI
pp ODp9p\j ap gjjou pp puppiiogp sp septretusp SEJ us
pUBD BUn U3 UOpBJSU3S 3p pBppBdra HS
OpUESUBjd BJS3 (3tQ) pBppTOSjg sp pJ3p3,J UOISIUIO^ 'ODIX
•EJ&3U3 sp Bpireuisp BJ us EdpouB ss snb oausumB p opiqsp ssjuspsj
S3S3UI US OUB]d JSUITjd p jednOO B OpBSBd UBt[ 'SBOmoSpOlUJSJ
SBJUBjd SBJ 'BZUSJUOlf UOI§3J EJ 3p SBOUSJSOUIJB S3UOISILU3 3p <(SBUEUOp
-BJSS;) S3JUSIU SBf gp Bun sjqos UEUIOJ ss snb ssuoispsp sBq;
•ojssndxs O03JJSJ sp
SSUOISUSJXS SEJSEA OpE3» UBI{ 'BinbsS Ef A 'EmjJTOnSB B[ 'SSpJJOJBUI
sp Bpj BJ spuop 'SEUSJSOO SB3JE SEJ us 3au3tujEjnDnjBd 'Buisjqojd un
UEju3S3id 'onusiA js jod sopEjdos uos snb Bjjsp EJ A oAjod js 'BUSJE
Eq -BZUEiqEJ Sp SapEplApOB A 'OUSJJ31 p JBIBJOE BIEd BJO3JJ§E BUISnb
BJ 'SEpppSsd sp UppB3IjdE BJ OUIOD SSpJ 'SEJOOJJ§E SEDpOBjd SBJ Sp SOp
-------
-BAuap soionpoid OUIOD JTIJTOO uapand 'sBuiapv •sopEwauiiABdsap SOUTUIBD A 'sojjppy ap uopBou
-qg EJ ared somotf 'sapdpitmui souajpi soj us soipuaoui 'ppuapisai Bupco X uppoBppo "BmsBq sp
SBuranb 'sozuaiuoij saonjo soj ua B§JED ap sauoiureo ap ojuaiuiBuopsaSuco 'sopojtpA 'sajBizisnpui
sauopEpastn 'SBDmopporaisa SEnrejd :s3ju3ty ap pepauBABim ap SSATO E treuiSno as sajireuraiEjuoD
soasg -SEpiDjUEd X 'ouozo 'ajjnze ap opixptq 'ouoqjra ap opixpuom p ouioo sapa 'pnps BJ E BZEU
-sure Eun UEiuasajd anb soouajsounE saiuEimirejuo? ap sapAiu E sojsandxa tiBBuanoua as wajuojj
BJ sp B3JE pp sajuapisai soipnjAj -yn pp Bpuaroasuoo otuoo EJraonjjsaBjgm ap SEpuEiuap SEBO
X opidp oauaraiiDaJo ap sspEDap UOD JEJEOI anb opraaa treq 'SBpEjranj ajuaurejapuEUij SEZIJBJUQJJ
sapcpranuiOD SBJ 'soprotQ soprasg soj ap sajjEd SEJJO ua sapEpranuioo SEJ uco aasEnuoD tig
•Eiaiuoxf EJ ap O§JBJ
01 B EUiajqojd un sa aip pp pEpipo v\ apuop 'Bzuajucxg xipiSai EJ ua owap ajuatuppadsa sa ojsg
• taire pp U9PBUTUIE1UOD ap SEAUEDUTU§IS saiuanj opuais uanSis 'sojnojipA soj A 'sajErasnpu; saroanj
SEJIO Csai;s9j sajqpsnquiOD UBZIJIJTI anb SEDiroppoxiuai SEJ;> snb Bjrepap EDUEjg ESB3 BJ ap Bjtiaug
sp s&njpa ap ojjojJEsaa ap piopE^ odraQ pp aired aod IQQZ PP oXera ap auraojm JH
ap pA|u e ojpauuai ap sauopoe jeoioq. ap peppedeo
B| eBuai anb [euopeuiq pepiiua sun e opeuBise jas ejaqap ojuajiuepueu^
oqojQ -uoi6aj e\ ua a^odsueji p ejed eperoapein ejnpmisaejjU! e\ jod sop
-eqjaoexa uos anb ajie |ap pepneo e| uoo sopeuopepj pn|es ap seuuaiqojd
so| jejpauuaj ejed [ejapaj. oiuaiaiepueui} aaaAOJd :Bjnv>nJisaBJju> ap opuo-j
•ajje p pepneo e| ajqos sopedoij so| jeziuuiuioi ejed eiBjaua ap seujaije saiuan^
ap o|pjjesap |a A eiSjaua ap Ltope/uasuco e| jaAOiuojd :eujei]V ei
•sa|euopeujq
ap sapepisaoau se\ uepjoqe as anb odoiajj OLUSILU |e 'ezuaiuoj^
E| ua SE3iJpa|aoujjai seiuejd se| ap esneo e ajie pp pepyeD e| ajqos sos
-jaApe sopeduui so| jez|UJiu!UJ ejed sopmn sopeisg so| A oDjxaiAj ap a^uajquje
oipauj |a K ejBjaua ap sepuaBe se| aJiua OA^ejadooo oiuajujeaue|d un A ep
. [euopeuiq uopeuipjooo eun jaoa|qe;sg :seDupa|eouuai
SOpTUQ
S0[ 3p
p
oniiaA rang pp pnaiqiny m[ ?l W anuojoi mm
-------
-------
otppaipp pppy pif qap ampi ojnpio
•OpBUIBJJ p EJ3JpJ
os X S30U01U3 3sa apsap opBjSoj os3j§ojd p spnejdB 35 ;osaj§uo;3
p X Muapisarj p auijojuj oaJBn3 p 'aunoiui ouipjp ns ua
anboju? oipip Bpetj opBuiBjj un oznj oupa^ usng pp paustquiy
caunf Eq -ozBjd joXBtu B uppnjos jsmbpno sp ssppusss
SMuaipSjSui uos 'BZUSIUOJJ upiSsj BJ EJBd Bn§B pp uBjd un ap oj
-[CWJEsap p opuaXnjaut 'sBDif pjojpiij SBDUSHD ap anboj.ua un BpBij
ojquiBO p JBnunuoo OUJOD sapi 'sozjanjsa serf -BnSB pp uppBjn
-siuiuipe v\ op ojuaiureauBjd p ua sopBssjsjur soj ap uppBdpp
-acd B[ v A 'sopiufi sopBjsg; soj ua OUIOD ODpcpjAj ua OJUBI sapinj
sapcpiunuioa SBJ ap jopA pp oiuaiuimaiuBui p 'Biuajsisoaa
|ap oiuaiuiBuoiDunj p pspuond Bjp mm rep acjap 35 -Bzwajuoij
tipiSaj B| ua uppBJiSTUiuipB ap soaunfuoo sauejd soAanu B ossd
p 3]JuqE BJBd conjjo ojusuiap un sa oninui ojadsaj p ua BpBSBq
cpi|ps puopBuiq uppsjadooD B-J -ajqisod BBS oraoo oauoid UBI
BnSu pp uppBJjsiuiuipE BJ Bisd oauaiuTeauBjd un oqBD B JTBASJJ ap
aiuaSin pupisaDau BJ aisixa 'SOUB ODUO ap OUIOD OMOD UBI oduiap
sp ozcjd un ua SBppnpai Bn§B ap SBAissai jausi B uBJBzadius
stv7iiojuojj sspcpnp sBunSp anb sp uppojpsid BJ uo^ 'SEpp
-JcdixiOD srrzuaiuojj SEOiSpjoipiij SBOuano SBJ Bjred Bn§B jsp upp
-nquasip BJ A osn ja ajuauiBpBJBdas iBjnosfo X jBsirejd ap ofnj p
5SJi:p uopond ou BX sopiUjQ sopBisg soj X oorxp]/\[ -opuspBu, Bjsa
as BX snb ofeqeja usnq ja jODapuoj souiaqap 'uauinsai ug;
•sojssnd
-luoa SOJJQ X 'sopBJOpouE§jp sBpppssd 'sspnpissj sojuara
-3]3 ap Bpuasaid EJ JBUIUIBXS BJBd saosd soj ap sopifoa soj X opuoj
op soiuauiipss soj osaooid ja ua ssjinjoui treisqaQ -SEpppsad
X 'SO103J3S sapnpisaj soiuauiaja 'smiA 'Bn§B ja jod sopB§Bdojd
SOUaSpJcd JBoynuapi EJBd 'BauBjjajqns BnSB jsp X spgisdns
ap Bn§B jap ooppuiaisis osioiiuoui js Eisd puopsuiq BunaS
-Old un JinjDui Bjaqap osaDoid jg; -EnSs jap sosmoaj soj ap soj X
pnps ap SEUiaj soj jBj§3jui Bied osaoojd un jejuauiajduij
•amvs vi aa
SVIA131 SOI NOD VflDV 13Q SV1AI31 SOI dVOIT H
sop-Ejsg
-ODrxpjA{ Bznajuojj upi§aj BJ ua uppBDijdB ajqisod ns BJBd Bn§B
op zasEosa Xetj spuop opunur jsp sauoiSaj SBIIO ua sopBzijpn Bn§B
jsp ofsuBui ap sEDpoBjd SBJ EJBd sappusjod sojapoui
•3iN3i/\nvaoiD SOSOHX3 soisaoiAi yvDsna
•oSsp X Bsoppq ap
'jpsp sa 'sooiusSodojjuE soSsBj anb pn§] p 'sojans soj X
BjSojoaS BJ OUIOD sapj SBDpsjjajDBJED SBuaio BjuanD ua uauioj snb
SEDHDEld JBZIjnj^ 'BjajUOJJ BJ 3p oSjEJ OJ B Bn§E J3p UppEUIUTB
-JUOD sp ojund ap ou sajuanj SBJ JBJBJJ BJEd Bn§E jap X ouawaj jsp
opuEui sp sEpBqoidmoD sEiSsiBjjsa jEjusraajduiT a jejjojjEsaQ
•VnDV13d NODVNIIAIV1NOD3Q
sa ON ssiNsnd svi yvadoav m
•Bn§B jap pBpipD BJ jBJofoui X BDijqnd
pnps BJ jaSsioid 'ojnSas En§B ap onsiuiuins un jsaAOjfd BJBd
'sopijps sonpisaj ap uppisodsip X sosmDaj ap afeppaj X uppsjsd
-nDaj 'sapnpjsai sEnSE sp oauaiurejEJi 'BnSE ap ousiuirans ja BJEd
BjnjDnjjS3Bjjui BJ ua opuapjiAui anupuoD as anb BJEd jeXody
i xn N3
•upiSaj BJ BJEd En§B jap ajqEjuaasns ofaueui p
X SBjnbss ap uppEJisiuiuipB BJ BJEd ojunfuoD UBjd un JBJJOJJESSQ
'ODI931VyiS3 OlN3IlA!V3N\TId 13 UVJLNSI/MOd •
•UppEUIUIE
-JUOD BJ B sojajmDB soj ap pBpijiqpdaDsns EJ JBnpAs X S3jqEiU3Jsns
X sojnSss En§E sp sojjsrmuins jsaAOjd usXnjDm sojaj sojsg -EZ
upiSaj BJ ua ajuaiqure orpaui jap X sapjnjEU sosjnDsi 3p
ua saiua§jn sojaj soj ap SOIJEA spioqB Bjnjnj uppBjadooD
BJ anb BJBd EDgpuap 3SEq Bun jBuopjodoid Ejjpod
OUDIQ -Bzijajuojj upiSaj SEJ ua sBauEjjsjqns sEn§E sp p
X pBpijiqiuodsip EJ jenpA3 BJEd puopBuiq BuiEjSojd un
' saaos ivNODVNia
NODVDI1S3ANI VI H3D31VlUOd 0
•osaDOjd ajsa us ajuBjaps BOBIJ osEd un
A nnSH SOI 3P Jouarai jap ojuaureijBdaa
ja ajjua QOOZ PP Ejunfuo^) uppBJBjD3Q BJ jBjustusjduij
•SOUSJSqp SEUISJSISOD3 OUJOD SE§EUpp X 'SO§EJ 'SOJJ 'SOJSnifDEp
soj sp uppBjnEissj X uppEAjasuoD EJ BJEd En§E sp sojnjj ssiusp
-yns usuopjodojd anb Bn§B jap osn ja EJBd sauejd soj jBXody
'SVIA131SISOD3
SOI 3Q NODVAH3SNOD VI V VHDdVIAI
-------
91
oipA rang pp ppapy spf B[9p amojni oirnng
•BauEjjajqns En§B ap ojjsiuiums ns ap ozBjd oSjEj B uppBjj
-siuirapB A uppoajojd BJ opuBauBjd Bjsa IUBUJ>O=O OUOH°X
U9PBN BI 'SBiuapy -BIUJOJIJE^) EfBg 'BUEnfij^ A Biujpjip^)
'o§aiQ UB§ A BnuBmjiio 'zsjpnf pBpnr) - SExaj__ 'OSEJ jg ajjua
uEztpaj as anb sojjanbB uaXnjoui sajqsjou sojdraafa sounSjy
•sapEpiuntuoo sns EjBd ozEjd JOABUI B En§E ap ojjsiuiums
un ap Buiaj jap jopapajp ojunfuoo ojuaiuiBauEjd ap sozjanjsa
oqED B opUEAajj UBjsa SEUEuuaij sapEpnp ap sajBd soire^
•uppEAjasuoo ap sojoaAojd ap ojuaiursp
-UEUIJ ja jEpuauiooaj uapand sopsuoo soj 'sapBpiApoB SBJJO
sns ajjug 'pjn-jj ojjojjEsap ja A upioBAjasuo^ EJ EJEd sozuajuoj,j
sofasuo^ ap uppBjado BJ A ojuaitupajqBjsa ja opuBupojjBd
Enupuoo YQSCi P 's°P!nn sopras
EJ ap O§JBJ oj B sapjm sapEpiunuiOD SB]
•sapjnj
sapBpiunuioo SBJ EJBd sojjanbE B opuaXnjoui 'oorxajAj oAan^j
ap jns jap Bn3E ap sajopaoajsEqE ap ojamnu un ajjua Bn§B jap soj
-unsB ap OApEjadooo ojuaiuiBauEjd ja jBjuauioj Bred EppajqEjsa
anj oorxpp\j oAanj^ ap ofeg OAEjg or$ jap EnSy ap sop^ns^
ap uppBziuBSjo BI 'SBOjapy -BngB jap B§ajjua EJ BJEd sojnjnj
souisiuBoaui A En§B ja ajqos sBppjEduioo sapnjambui ua uaf
-BqBjj anb BJEd oopcajAj OAanjvj ap jns BBJB ja A OSEJ jg ap sajuEj
-uasajdaj E jiunaj BjBd <»ixap\[ OAan^/sBxajL Bn8V PP uoisimo^
EJ ajuauiEjunfuoD oppajqBjsa UBIJ oopcpj^ OAanj^j A SBXBJ^
•aojnp En3B ap sajuanj SEJJO
ajqos ajspca anb BpUEraap EJ BUEuiuiija A uppnqujsip ns ap sajuB
ps ap Bn§E ap ojuaiurejBjj ja Bjjpiunad BjuEjd B-J -uppBziuipsap
ap Bjunfuoo Ejirejd Bun ap uppanjjsuoD EJ opuBJOjdxa UEjsa ssijg
Jjog A OSEJ jg ap sapBpnp SEJ 'sBxaj^ ua 'ouisiui jsy -ajuaijjoo
BJ ap ojjuap sofnjj ap uppBAjasajd EJ A 'sojajsa A SEjtpq ap aajnp
Bn§E ja BJEd sojismbaj soj 'pjnj En§E ap sapspisaoau SBJ jaSajojd
souisiUEoaui jaaAOjd E Bn§E jap EBJB jap sajopBauEjd soj B
n sa Bjaui Eg '(sBAiyv SBn§y ap ojoaXojj jg) ^joafojj sjajB^
8uTAn,, omoc) Eppouoo EAUBpiui Bun opirejuamajduii Ejjuanaua
as ooijqnd sajajui ap sodnjg ap uppipoo Bun 'sExaj^ ug
SVAIIVDINI SVdlO
•ozEjd ogjBj A ojjoo B sBinbas ap ofauBUj ja BjBd sauBjd uajjojjEsap
A uppBAjasuoD ap sBpipaui ap onjnui ojuaiuiBpuBuu ja uajojdxa
'sBn§B SEJ ap osn jap Epuapip BJ uajofaui anb EjBd soraaiqoS
soqure E opBUJBjj un aDEij opjanoE jg -ofEg apuBjg
°ra P f- SOTJOU03 ojrjj jap ofauBiu p ojaadsaj uoo
jap oXsui ua puopEuig uppEjBjDaQ Bun uojapiraa Bzuajuojj
BJ ap sapjuaureujaqng ou sauopEzruBgio SE-J (Ł 'OAEjg
PP ojuauiSas un ap Buiaasiscoa jap sajopA soj jBjnBjsaj
jBjnuijoj EJEd aunaj as 'sEtqBJE^ A wiqqBg
soj 'ajuaiqure oipaui jap sopajsraiui sop soj ap sajaf soj jod
OOOZ PP otunf ua BpEumj Biunfuo^ uppBJEjoaQ EJ B Bjsandsaj
ua opEtujoj 'apUBjr) or$ / OABjg oi^j jap BiuajsisoDg pp
ap puopEuig odtug ja fy \:sksred ap A a-nsaAjjS,, OTUOD
soj ua BpEuSisap oABig org jap upisuajxa BJ ap auBd JOABUJ BJ A
ua puag §ig ap puopB^ anbjEjj p 'ooixajAj ua SBpi2ajoad
UEJIUIIJ anb 'oABjg oj^ jap (jopajuj^ a
-------
scAanu oppajqejsa UBIJ as 'SOUB SOIJBA souipjn soj
•SOUB oŁ souiKpjd soj vied opBisa jap BTI§B ap SEO
-pjjod SBJ TJ BIUJOJ jEp BJBd jopapuajdraa ozianjsa un OUIOD OISIA
sa uppESUEjd ap osaaoid p pjauaS oj jod 'sairejd soasa ap ojjuap
sauoisiAOjd SBJ ap sBunSjB ap BOJBDB sapraambui uauap sapjm
S3S3J31UI a SBjsnB3uaiqure sodtuS sounSp anb ap JEsad y 'BnSB
ap prasa UBjd p ua sopBJodjODUi jas ap osaoojd ua irejjuanoua
3S X tm§E ap sapuopBUiq sauBjd opEjajduioD UBq 35 -BtiSy pp
uppEauEjj ap sapuoiSa^ sodnig ap uppBaJD BJ BJBd oiBpuBui un
psed SEJOLSP EJTOBjsiSaj BI '/66I ua 'ojduiafa JDJ -sBApEpiui SBU
-tiijc oppajqBjsa UBI{ upiqurej sopBasa soj 'ajuarapnpiAipuj
•BZTJ3JUOJJ UplSaJ BJ B SS
uapand sapnD SBJ ap SBtjDnui 'sojjaAjosai BJBd sauopBpuaraooai
ajsao ja ua Bn§E ap SOWTJJUOO soj patnjap upistraoo
ua tjsng 381033 aiuapisajd-xa p Jod
ujjosasy ap upisimoQ BJ sa ojduiafa OJJQ -opEJojo^) org jap BO
-uano BJ ap sopBjsa aaais soj jod ^/gj ua opBziuB§jo anj opBJOjo3
ojxr pp BDuan^ BJ ap pEpiuipg BJ ap jojjuo3 ja BJBd OJQ.J ja
•ojduiafe joj -spui o Bpeoap un jod oppspca UBq Bn§B ap i
soj jaSaiojd EJBd Bzpaiuojj upiSaj BJ ua sBuiEjgojd sounSjy
m
•ou jap SBpBiBJa SBn§B sp osn
p us ojuatune ja A uppsziuipsap BJ opuaXnjoui 'SBUJtajp saauanj
opmuojdxa X uppBAjasuoo ap sBpipaui oqBD B opuBAajj UBJSS s§
•oiiujjBnSe ap ojjsiuiums un OUIOD ooann jap Baupjaaqns Bn§B
ap rauanD BJ MA ua sopBSBq upjsa zarenf pBpnQ/osEj jg ap soj
-unfuoD uppsauBjd ap sozjanjsa soj 'BnuBnxjnj3 A sBxaxug
•saauaiJJOD SBijDtp ua ouaiaqu IBJ
-iqpij ja ajuainSrsuoD jod X sojj soj ap ofnjj ja opuBioajB 'ojajmoB
pj uBjsaXui as anb ojpad usg X zn^ BJUB§ soj^f soj ap aptjjadns
ap unSc ap sauaoinjOA soj ua oiuauinB un aasixa 'pjnjBu
V] uap»xa BauBJjaiqns BnSe ap soipai soj SBHuaip\i -
pp Bpuapisqns X 'sozod soj ap pBppBdBD BJ ua upponpaj 'BSUBJ
-jaiqns en§E jap pBpijBD BJ ua upponpai 'sozod ap oaquioq ap
soisoa soj ua ojuauine un ua opEijnsaj Bq 'Buozpy ua uosonj, ap
rausn3 E[ ap EnSs ap soipai soj ua ojuauinB uj^ 'SBouanD sBqure
ap SBUEqan SBaiB SEJ ua ojuaimpaJD ap SBSEJ SBjp SBJ B opiqap
sapniambu; sapdpupd SBJ ap Bun sa ojpai EJ ap u9pB§jnraojd EJ B
uoJBAajj saJEjirais sapmambuj -souaSpiBd soj ap asjaoBqsap BJEd
En§E ja BpEnoapB EjauBui ap uajjjg 'oauaiuipajsBqB ap ajuanj
OUJOD soiis9dap o sop UEZijpn anb saJopaoaiSEqB soj anb ajambaj
pno BJ '(sajSui ua SBjSis sns jod 'Vd3) nfiaH SOI 3P 3:>TO!quJV
otpaj/tf jap u9pDaaoj,j ap Bpuagy BI 3P apyadns ap SBnSy
ap oauaiuiEjEJX ja BJEd BjSa-g BJ ua ppadsa uppuajB uaqpaj En§B
•p jod sopEgBdojd souaSoaBd soj ap B3jaoB sapraambui SBq
•Eoijqnd Bn§B ap ojjsi
-uirans ap SEjnjonjjsaBjjui ap opBjiuiij ojamnu p A opEjjpEauEop
sp sBnSB ap opEnoapBui oauaituBjEja ap sawodai soj B opiqap
'Bzpajuojj U9i§aj BJ ap saauapisaj soj BJBd aauEAajaj ajuaiupp
-adsa sa pqojS oaiqtOB ap pmambut Bisg; -souaS9JEd soj ap EpiA
sp sojop soj A 'sapnpisaj SBn§B ap oinaiurejBJi ja BJBd sopojpra
soj 'ouajjai jap osn ja 'ajuaXnqpauoo Boi§9jojpiq Bsuano EJ ap
BjjBjSoisij EJ opnaXnjDUi saJoaoBj soqonm ap apuadap Bn§B ja jod
sopE§Bdojd soua§9JBd ap SBABJI B u9pBuituEjuoo EJ BDBU En§B
ap ojasiuirans ap ajuanj Bun ap pBpijiqpdaosns B-J -souaSojBd
soj sopoj ap sajqij aauauiBjajduioo uajsa Eoijqpd Bn§B ap
sojjsiuiuins soj anb jiransB ajqisod sa ou BJ
-------
•3JJS3AJIS EpIA BJ
A 'o§ap p 'ouBiunq oumsuoo p EXEC! ojj pp sea%e SBJ ap BpuamaA
-uoo BJ UBjoajp Bn§B pp pBpipo ap sBiuajqojd sojsg; 'sapmambui
sajo/Eiu SBJ ap Bun sa 'sspjoi sojjsnsip sopijps o 'pBpruips ap Bp
-uasajd BJ 'opBJOjcQ ofg pp Bouano BJ ua ajuatuppadsa 'SBuiapy
•Euiajsisooa pp A EUBunvq pnps ap SEurajqojd B sopB§ij opis treq
snb sajuBuiuiBjuoo ap pEpapEA Bun iiaXnqpauoo 'SBfy ou S3juanj
ap an§Bsap ap sodp sojjo X 'oujoaaj ap oSap ap sofny 'ppjsnpui
3 pdpiunui ajusnjp 'sojauiui sonpissj 'sojspBjog -OAEjg ofg
p A opBiojcQ org p uB§Bjd 'soppnpaj sofnjj soj rod sopEABj§E
'uppEuiuiEauoo ap SBiuajqojd so-j lUOJDBUIUiejUOQ •
•omnui OApjnsuoo ofesuoo un ap
UppEIUJOJ BJ UOjapnOSIp Sajuapisaid SCTJ -EjnjDTlJaSSBJJUT JOfsUI
Bun A SEOiSpjojpiif SEDUsno SBJ ap OAtjoaja SBUJ ofbuBui un B JBA
-ajj spsnd uppBJsdooo JO^BUI Bun snb uoiapouoosj sajuspissjj
soqure 'orasiraisy •ssirapiunopEass Bpii3§B BJ us sspdpupd son
-und soj sp oun opusis sn§is Buiai ajss ap uppnjosai Eq -opEjEjj
js ofeq s3uopB§tjqo sns uoo Ejduino ooixpp^ snb ap EpuBuoduii
BJ X Bn§E ap sosinosj soj sp BDJ30E '^002 PP sjquiapdas sp c, js
BOUBJJ upisnosip Eun UEJSIATU xo,j A tjsng ssiuapisajjj soj anb ozrtj
sauEjd sosa ofeq SBiajdraoa SBSajjua JBDEIJ ua ooixa]/\j ap pBjjno
-igip v-[ 'BnSE ap SEpnap sns jpqno Epand oopcpjAj anb BJBd sairejd
jejntmoj BJBd VT^ID BI 3P sopjanoB ua pjpsaj pno p A 'IQQZ PP
oiaiqaj ua ppuapisajd jaAiu B opBjuasajd anj anb Euiaj un 'En§B
ap Bpnap Bun opuEjnumoE Bnunuoo ooixsyq -sopiuj^ sopsisg
soj E sspEuSisE opis UBIJ anb sEn§B ap oopcaj/\[ ap aaisd jod
B§ajjua EJ B Mosdsaj uoo SBjunSajd j&ns oijoaij Bq souEDixajAj
saauanjjB soj ap oftvg ja ua uppnmrasrp v-[ -OAEjg orjj jap
Buiajsisooa ja UBZEUSUJE En§E ja jod BpuBtuap BJ ua oiuamnB ja
A ofnjj ja ua upponpaj BJ 'opBiojo^ org jap OSEO ja ua omo^)
•uajsisiad oppnpaj ofnu A Binbas ap sauopipuoo SBJ anb E/ 'in
-jnao B jaAjoA Ejipod uppBmis Bjsa ojad 'oqouB ap said 001 ap SEUI
EjsBtj PUBS ja opETjdure uBjqBq sapmjBu sosaoojd soj 'sandsap SBjp
SOQ -pmiSuoj ap said QOI' 3P 'BUSJE ap Bjajreq BJ ap SBABXI B OU.OUB
ap said QZ: 3P PUBD un jjjqE E BpBzioj anj YT.TD BI opuEno 'J00Ł
jap oijnf EjSEq GUIS BuaiqB anj ou BuajB ap Bjaireq Eq -oopi:a]A[
ap ojjoj) ja Bpsq OABig ojg jap sBn§B SBJ ap ofng opoj aauaui
-Ejajdmoo opuBuiuiija 'XOOZ: PP ojajqa,j ap saur ja aausjnp ojuara
-ipas UOD EpEanbojq ppanb OAEjg org jap B3oq BJ 'ajuapai Buojsiq
EJ ua zaA Biaumd joj -Einbas ap sopouad ajiramp ojj jap ofauEiu
jap uppBauEjd EJ Ejsd OUIUIBO ja aiqE anb UOIOEUIJOJUT ap oiquiEo
-jaiui ja jEJofaui Ejsd sauoisnosip oqBo E opuEAajj uBjsa 35
A oopcajAf siaua ap BpuaSisura ap BH§B ap ourejsajd un
B§Bq as anb opuEiisaoau 'pioopj sofBq sajaAiu B opjEoap EIJ uoop,j
A pEjsiuiy ap sapuopBUiajui SEsajda~g SEJ ua SBUBOuauiBajjou A
sEUEopcaui sBn§B ap oiispdap jg; -Eouano BJ ap aired Bjsa ua Einbas
ap opopad un E opiqap 'EpBopp Biupjn BJ ajuEjnp ajuaurenup
-uoo opua^Eoap opEjsa ireq 'opBjBJi jap SBAEH E sopiu^ sopBisg;
soj EjEd SBn§B SBJ uauBdaj as anb soj ap sojjanbB B opuaXnjoui
'ooreajAj ap sajuanjje souo A soqouo^ opg jap sofnjj soj 'oSjEquia
m§ -BSBUifQ oipisajj ua 'oopcajAf ap soijouo^) ofg jap sofny
soj jod oppauaAnfaj sa 'ojg jap (
-------
jc uppcjadocD JOAEUI Bun Bied Bogpuap asBq BJ 'odraap
pp spAtuj B 'BjaaAojd EuiEjSojd JEŁ -Bjaiuoij BJ Bjed pdpuud
pcpuoud Bun opuais jinSas aqap 'sopiuft sopBjsg-oDixajAj BZI
-JMUOJJ upiSai BJ op ojauap soiJEjnoud sozwajuojjsuEjj soiajjnoB
SOJ MUSUreOUpUialSIS JBtlpAa EIBd 'SOUB SOIJEA Sp S3pJ3JS3 A. S3pJ3
-paj soujaiqoS soj anua EjunfuoD •BJOCTEUI ap ojajduioo ozjsnjss
un jczipwj op pBp;s3D3u Trj -puopBUjajui BJSJUOJJ BJ sp oSxej oj
c ui'Jjuanous as snb SBDUSHD SBJ ua uaosX anb SBsuBjaajqns SBH§B
SB] opujedsj UBIJ ou sopiuQ sopBjsg; soj X ooixa]/\[ 'BZIJSJUOJJ
uoiSoj BJ ap apijjadns ap SBnSB SBJ B Bjunsip cjatreui aQ
•uppBuiuiEiuoD BJ B BauBJjaaqns Bn§B jap pspijiqndao
-sns v\ A ISODHJJD sjBjiqpq ns uB§uajuBiu sajuaiuoD SBJ anb Bjed
EnSc ap aiuanj OUIOD BaiiBJjaiqns Brtie jap Bpireuodun BJ !ap
-yjadns ap Bn§B X Batrexiajqns BH§E ap uppoBjaaur BJ JBauBjjajqns
pp pcpifBD A 'JKjuaisns ap pBpijtqBij 'pBpijiqiuodsrp BJ ap
B3J3DB oauaiuipouoD joXBUi jatiaaqo BJBd sajBuopeuiq sozianjsa
jejjojjBsap A ozjanjsa ajsa jEogisuajui ap BOTJUD pBpisaoau Bun
ajspra 'oSieqtua 1115 -sjBd BpBO ap SBauBjjajqns SEDuaro SBJ ajqos
uppBUjjojui ap cnod un opnJBduioD UEIJ sottjaiqoS sop so-}
•oSaij ja Bjed Boiraro Bjsa ap sEnSB BOBS zajBnj"
ap BjoojjSB ajjBA jg -BmjEnujuQ - oorxppsf oAanj\[ tta Bjjisa]^
BJ ap EUBojao Bouano BJ ap Eauurraaqris BH§B uajpai sapBptip SBisa
ap ajsao p ojjoxresap ua SBBXE SBJ anb asjejadsa apanj -ooanj-j jap
BauBjjajqns BDuano BJ ap sajqBzejduiaaj ou SBn§B SBJ ap auBd UEjS
ua uapuadap sajuBiiqBij ap sauojjira •Ł ap EpEUiquioo uppBjqod
Bun UOD zajEnf A OSEJ jg; ap sapBpnp SBq 'ojfpaj ueg org jap BO
-uano BJ ap senS^ uBjpaj Bjouog 'BBUBUBQ ap Biauiui pBpranraoo
BJ A Buozpy 'BJSIA BJiaig ap aiuapaio aauaurepidBJ pBpiunuioo B'j
'OZOZ °yB P BJBd -rE3n^nP W3<3sa as anb Bjjn
A Buozijy 'sajBSoj^; ua saiuBjiqBij QOO'OOS SOUTl
sopmsg Ło3ix?yj '
o/y iCoawg Offljap sapiuopvmq svoiSpjcupic/ sp
uoipefojd eajv |enbg (eqinujizv vsqujei
iss e^ep JHOMOAH ^/uns
|BDi6o|oa9 'S'n
AJBpunoq uiseqqns
u]seg
NOU.VN\TIdX3
i ' t~ , - - '*-" it
L -"""•- yJ-» >. oa
Sr ' - " •--•"••; u? j-
-------
ep samnfupo so|6ejJE A sejeuopeii
-je^uj seuopnjijsui ap SBABJ} e uempej es oujeiqoB
B ouieiqoB ep ssA^Bjedooo sepspepos ss| A ou
-jeiqoB B oujeiqoB sp sojsp ep uopoepoej B-J
•sajqseA|is A saoad
ap sepedsa ss|dn.|nui sp is^qsq |s jsBs^ojd A JBDJJ
-fluspi Ejsd SBoiBjBojd opps|qsiS3 uBq 'ss|Bjn}BU
sosjnosj sp U9pBJsdo A U9pDsjojd ap sBpuaBs
SE| uo3 pspspos ue 'opsjop3 ojy |ep souano BJ ap
sopejss so| 'opsuopB|sj opedss un ug -se|BuopBu
-JSJUj SSJUSUJOD S6| 3p SO}USUl6aS SO^ap U3 BLUS;
-SJSODS |3p sspspjssssu SB| OLUO3 ss|Bi 'soDyjjuap
SEWS} sjsBq pepjAjjeouou
-------
tucd OAUig ojtf pp - souopdaDxa seDod UOD - BjBDsa wag us uapuadap
'scdi]ncuTCL X up:q oAanN U3:isns
p lod soppaiqrass un§B sp sBpuBuiap SBJ X sojispdap ua puopBinajui
oiuaiureuaDBUip p us BpBSBq sasuapiuiiopBisa serSe se\ BtjsTuraipB
V1ID cl 'P ssu^piunop^183 u?!3338 BI '^"nnit) "0tJ 3P °?BC1B
spui 'OAtag ora p BJBJ -oopgiAI oAanN ap ms p ua 'nfl33 SOI 3P;
uppcurcpa^ ap otpedsaQ p Jod sepwado 'opqBO X a»ng auBtfdaig
op sEsaadsj SBJ us ojua;uiBU3DBUjp pp saABjj B BpsusraniipE sa '906!
ap uppusAUCT) BJ ofsq ODp9p\{ Bred Bn§E ap said-sajoB QOO'09 3P
pnire uaumjOA un ap BSaxiua BJ opuaXnpui 'SBxaj^X oop9p\i oAanjs[
ap ms pp uppjod BI -sexax X oop9^ oAanN a
-------
'• OOO'OOS ^PJI 3 sEuosjad ap sauojjiur 9I B Bn§B jaDsassqs ap
OApafqo p UOD
-------
sezuaraog sapBpiuntuoD SBJ ua 00111190033 ojjowBsap ap sBouflod ap SOIJB ooup X wmij.
•tzpnuoi, uP,SM B! 3p sBwaisrsooa soT ap BH§B ap sapBpTsaoau SB, wrf sBAUBraaap sajuaptjns
'nrenopiodoid satnqd sojsa is ap wans saproambm TOWK, <«ad srowpn SB] oxnoo sapsnu
^pis^u SBy anna IWBJSOM B^d BnSB pp uppruwnnrap 3p wmqd opaaiuodaid U3JS3 3S
•SBM7 SBUtiSp u3 -raSe pp p^pipo *[ TO ojoBdmi p omoo 3n§3 3p rapeppmo siq u3 upponpai
^ B oiura opiq3p 'soAwografts sow OTJu3S3id Bjnbas ap sopojrad S01 -souBqm wrauipd
-OUUd SMTOiquiB BTDBH 'SSpHU WTOUIpdpUUd SMTOiqUTC 3p 'BiqUIBO Bn3B pp OSH p 3nb SBD
' -usim 'sajqiuodsip soajsiuruins soT 3p afougDiod ioA«n un opuaimnsuoo aausuipraoB upJS3
uooBzipmsnptn BTX ouBqin ojTOtnipaD optdyi p 'oSaBquw mS -BnSB 3p pdpuud opmsn
' p Jaronnouaisn opis BH BimpopSB BT -sozawuog sMtrapisM soT sp BP!A 3p PBP!po BJ
BZBU3UIB X BOli9IOD3 pBppSwUI BJ BW3JB SOpBaTUi;! SBIU Z3A BpBO SOBSIUimnS SO1S3 J0d BSU3JOI
pBPIFD B^ECl 3P °P"U3TU B X sopBaiuin uos
-------
-------
•Bpua&auia
ap SOSED ua Bisandsai ap puosjad X odmba ap pEpijiqiuodsrp BJ reiuaumy (6
•sosoiSipd sonpisai soj ap puu uppreodsip BJ Bred uppEjjodxa X 'oraarareuaoBUjp
'uppBDijpuapi ap SBare SEJ ua ojuaiureuaoua X Bpuapuoo BJ rezps^j (g
•sosojSijad sappaiBui uaionjoAui anb saauappm E
japuodsaj Bred ssreredaid B 'sapqpi sapBpranuioo SBJ opuaXtijoui 'SSJBOOJ sapEpiumuoD
SBJ B TOSISB Bred souBumtj X sooiSpjouoai 'sorepuBinj sosmoaj soj JiSpiQ (Z
- " sosouonaa
AIU B OIp3UI3J 3p S3UOTDDB JBUIOJ 3p pBppedBD BJ B^USl
Bun B opBuSisB ws BJsqsp ojusraiBpuBurj o^oia -uraiSai BJ us sjjodsuBJi
JS Bred BpEnDSpBUT BJIUDtU3S3EgtIT BJ jod SOpBqj33BX3 UOS 3nb 3JTE pp pBplJBD BJ UOO
sopeuopcpi pnjBS ap SBtuajqoid soj rerpsuisj Bred prapg OHrararepuEug KSAOJ,! (9 :Bira3ivns3BjjuI sp opuo,j
•3JIB js pBpijeo BJ sjqos sojoBdui] soj jBziuiiurai Bred
eitisus ap SBUJsip saausry sp ojjojJBsap p X Bjgraua sp uppeArasuoo BJ TOAOUI
•sspaopBtiiq BjSis
sspBpisaosu SBJ irepJoqE as snb odtusu ouisnn p "BziJaroo^ upiSai BJ us
SBjtrejd SBJ jod sopBsnBD SJTE jsp pBpijBD BJ aiqos sosjsApB souBdun soj reziummu
ured sopiun sopBjsg soj X ooixp]^ ap sjusiqure oipsm p A BjSraus sp SEpuaSs SEJ SBUS
OAnwsdooD ojusiuresirejd un XBpBzipuuqj puopBurq uppBurpiooJ Bun jspsjqBisg fr :sB3iipppotuJ3L SBIUBJJ
— : - : - - • 130 avanva
:sBDi39Io:lP!H sw^
:BauBJjajqng BnSy
j SEOU3T10 3p ofsUBUI J3 X
soDi§3jBns3 soidpuud soj uBAanuioid snb sspAiu soj sopoj B rapeppos SEJ reXody (Ł
•BJ3IUOJJ BJ U3 BSUBIJSiqnS BD§B pp UppBUSTUTCUpB BJ U3 pUOpBUiq UppBJsdoOD
joXEiu Bun jBjnurasa X BZIJSWOIJ upiSsJi EJ us BSUBjjsjqns BTI§B ap SOSJTIOSJ soj sp BOJSOB
soiBp ap oausraipreduico X upposjoDSJ BJ us ojusumB p Bred sozjsnjss soj reXody (Z
•apgjadns ap Bn§E jap sonsnmuns soj ap oApoaja SEUJ ofaireuj tm BDEIJ EpiSuip
puopBtnq uppBjadooo JoXBUi Bun rejnurosa XBtiSB jap opBjBjj jap s3uopB§ijqo SEJ uoo
piufi sopBasg soj X oop9p^ anua sauoismsip SEJ reXody (I
:aprpadns ap BtiSy
vnov aa sosunaau
•sosBd ssauamSis soj uauioa as anb soraBpuauioDaJ 'oupaAusng jap pausiquiy Bjunf BJ 'sonosou
UOD sopiun sopBisg soj ap Biajuojj BJ ap O§JBJ oj B sapmptmsaBjgm a sapauaiqraB
SBJ ap BDjaoB sopiuQ sopBasg[ soj ap osajSuoo p X aauaptsajj p JosasB ouisiuE§jo
-------
'666I
o/o8gp vkuvm vuunu js -tot 'SKaL 'opwj »p vzuziuotfpvpnp vj -sop^jn 3luSiump vpwa *p satsmjf
apvautw* sow Stnauyuia, vpvpmnuojo syrn opts vc, opmjn^ J3 -
o&a us ssuoj
'wu3ps:,M
-------
•ozeid JoAetu un e saiueyqeq sns ap en6e ap sapepisaoau se| sBua^sos Bzua}uo4 U9!6aj B| anb jeiadsa apand as anboju,
sp oda oipip UOD aiuaujsps -sauoiDBpuaiuoDaj ap odmB oujii,n ns ap oj;uap Bzuanuoi} u9!6aj B, ua enBe ap sosroaj ap
Xiiod EI JBinS BJBd 'seoiBoioipiu seouara SBJ ua sepeseq SEDiped A sodpuud ap osn p BDBH opauen ns ejeqiai oupaA uana
|ap eiuatquV eiunp B| 'sopiun 'sopeisg so( ap osaj6uoD |e A aiuapisajd p auuqjui oiuro ns ua OUB a^sa 'SBUJ zaA sun
ua.6
e|
•uoosBiisaAUi ap setuaisis sojupsip ap saABJ} e a,q;iBdiuoD 'jepue^sa OJBUJJO, un ua e^uasajd as A pBp.ipBj. UOD
as 'aouodsip Łueuupa BJiuaroua as UOJDEUUOJUI. B, anb ap oppuas p ua puooeuiq uopsjadooD B, EW.P
epSfo aisa ep pepipqiuodsp B-, -sopezuapu^a uop^dwoo ap se^Bod A so^ep uezi^n anb
eouano ap sauoDeauiiap se, saiqiuodsip uoaepm 'nn33 spl ^P 00160,039 oqaedsaQ p A nR33
ap uoDPB/uasuoD ap opi/Gas |a '{^Bui ua s^Bis sns aod 'OOy Nl3 sexaj. ap saiejnieN sos^f p
e, 'oiduiafa jod -seo^pw seouano ap euaieuj ua puopeuiq vop^doco A u9pBaue|
^^
|9 ua ofeqeq e6eu as anb e opeujE|| un aDeu. anb a^uauodujoo un aAnpui pro p '^uaiqujv u9DBjadooD ap up^D BJ
ed fr6ozS)02 iandojd eu^Sold p A '.sm6o\om s^ouanD ap oAfpaja seuj ofaueu un BJed sapepiunyodo uaaAOjd
Sy lap enBe pp epnap e| ap upfisano e, EJed Z0Ł eW|A] B| A 'opejopo o,a pp ^ag P
B, ap Leu 3 sa^uooetualu, sopanoe so, seo^ppsH seouano ua opeseq o^ua.uuesuad 19p
i ia jelueumB e opBpnAe'uBU -puooBuifl. aq.o B| A puopeuiq eun 'sGjope}ua|e seARepiui SBJIO
o ap xn PP uy±*t»d B, ua' jaedooo ^Bd 1VNy V^J3S uoo opanoB un
'oiuaoiBjOBS B xoj aiuap,saJd pp EIISIA B, aiuBjnp sauj oujsjuu asa spezuB, an± |e]eisa
sopaiui so, sopo! ap sapapisaoau SB UB^inba as anb oduuai! ouus.u ,B OAB^ o,y ,ap Bua,
oauj ap ojsodad p UOD 'ooixa^ QAanN 'saonjD sen - SBX81 'osBd ,3 ap eaJB p ua sa,BiuaujeuJ9qn6 ou A
uaujaqnB sodmB SOUBA ' od L002 jap OZJBUJ ua opBtujo^ an^ odmB ,3 -S^ON pp OSBJ pp v
ap' ofesuoo ?oya ,a a1UeJnp o.Bans anb ofasuoo OAanu un ap saAB* a aWap,Aa oz!M as p
s sojuaujB|Baj so, ap eoiaoB u9pBouqju! aAnpui paMsjaieM/MOMO/Ao6-Bdaw\MM ua
nua
iiSap Bpuuqiins/AoB-eda-AAMM ua (B3iB9|OJP!H eauano ns jod an6aABN) ,/PaqsjaiBM jnoA JJnS/, ap o^s nS seoi
,a BjEd Buopnpiqil. UPPBLUJO^U! aaAOJd uiM/AoB-eda-MMM ua seDiBpicupSH seouaro ajqos
iui ap pay , -op^a uanq ua uojaiAniuBtu as sBDjBppjpm ssouano ajqos Vd3 B| ep qeM soR!s soidojd son
4ii6o|OJpiLi sBouano sej^sanu jod sBpEiusnEs jas uspand anb SBOUO^ ua usjjnoo sapBDiAps SBJ;O A oipjjBsap
,a anb opuainBasa 'seo,6opJplM ssouanD s^anu jaBa^d BJBd Bpeyasip 'BnBs ap ofaueu p ^d aDueD|B oBJe) ap B|^I
Lun asnScud 'ejopeujaqoB oVoo OUB ouuW .uu u3 -Bduun BnBB ap BUj^Bojd oqsanu ued essq B, OUJOD sBDiBppp q
Suan" ap ofaueui p sou^dope 'Aasjap BAanN 'oiipiujop ap ops^sa ,uj u3 -sop,un sopB^3 so, ua enBe ap UODBU
be I " ' ' * . - ' a BOJ1UOO EJBd 'SBD
I
ap pu««N uooBOOs B, ep BWABUILU B| ep avRetsiBan Bpuaja^uoo e, a^uB^np souB^uaujoo sns u3
sej us sopsssq soicfouud ap osn p ^nuupsa as uaiqujBi sopiup sopeiq soj ua ,BUOPBU ,aAiu V
, H .0^^^ p JBji.|pe> Bjed BJOUOS 'sa,B6oN A BUOZUV 'sa,BBoN ap SBUBUJjaq sapsp
-no set ap sateuooeuiq SBDiBopjpiq SBDU3no se\ ap BCJBUJ un 9AonsuoD BUOZUV ep |B}uaiquiv pep!,so ap o;uaujByBdaa
,3 '.SnEUODBuiq |3A,u un B A sasied soqule ua sosjnoaj A souauai ep sajopBJisiuiujpB so, aqua uopB/uasuoo E,
LqossoiusitLiDOUOO A'UOOBUJJOIUI 'sopuo^a^EdLUOD anbsa^uapaoajd u|S uppBJoqEpo sun Eiuasajdaj 'sopiun sope^a
WA ODBO.AJ iod opEDunuE 'OJpad UBS ojy pp Jouadns a^ed B, ap EDiBppJpiq Bouano B, Ejsd UB,d p oidiuafa Jod
•JaiUQji BI ap S3ABA e'uoDEjadooD JoAEUJ sun Bpsq oiquuED p JsABjqns sjsd uojai^is sapuopsuiq sopaAoad SOIJBA
oAipapD
A seoiBopJpiU seou3no ap OAipap'sBiu ofausuu un spsq BpiBuip uppejadooo JoAsuu Bja^sixa js ojua,iii!,dujnD ,6 ODIA
-jasuaM un euep ai as anb ua opjanoB ap opusqsa 'SOPB;BJISO, UOD oiuaiuj!|dujnD p opuaAnpui 'BnBB ap soajroaj so, ap
eum .a UOJ3OT xoj a1UaP,sajd p A qsng ajuapisajd |3 'O'a 'UO^UIUSBM ua OUB a^a oqBD B oAa|| as anb 'puopBUH
uoSico E, ap isnuE uo.unaJ ns ap sandsap ajqiuaivdas ap g p BiunfuoD uppejepap sun uojapm sopiup sopE}s3
so,' A «S«1 o^nD uopU3,E ap o,uaD ,a an, sED^o^q ^^1^^^^ B^f aTo^D 'o,
-uaiuouu oipip apssp SSOUEAB oMD3q usq as 'anbo^ua oqDip jBapuoprnpsu! BJEd jaDsq jod SBUJ oqDnuj BI,E, anb ap JBsad
w -ezuaiuo^ uoiBaj E, 3P S3AB^ B SBDi69pjP!q SBDuanD ap anbo^ua un BJE^dops as anb ppuaujooaj oupaA uang pp
'| 'sopiun sops^ sq'ap osaj6uoD p A aiuaP!sajd p aujjo,u| oysno p 'uppsDiunujOD BUJii|n ns u3
^njafluii opireueg p j? MOpipi mm} ap anftojna u
-------
•COOJJD pded ns
jaajap ap pjoj pBppBdeo EJ UE§uaj sEjsp anb Bjsd ojuaiureuajjua
X uppEonpa uoo sapsoj sapBpiunuioa SEJ B opuapsisE anup
-uco anb BJred pjapag oujaiqo;} p opBurejj un SDEIJ Bjunf BJ
-------
'upiunw B[ ap JEUIJ jy 'sapnpisai SBn§B ap oauaiuiBjBJj ap BjuBjd
Bun X pooj BjanDsa Bun ap BJI§ Bun rap BJBd anb pnSi p "pooj
X jcqin 'parasa pAiu B sopBsaiajui sodnj§ uoo asjfiunai BiBd za:ren[
jg B uo-refeiA opBia-ioas p X BiopBiisiuiuipy BJ
oo ap ^ jg 'OUE jap OSJTO p ajuwnp sapjaiBjpjnut soiuaAa
SOUEA ua 'jaSupipn JOJDIA. 'JLVKavmS 3P opBiaioas p '*OK>
-txaui MJBdBJiuoD ns uoo piunai as uBunn^j\ BiopBnsiuiuipy
EJ anb BX 'auuy OATOUBUI as sopraQ sopBjsg soj X oDnca]A[ ap
-iqure oipaui pp sojuaurajedap so^ ajjua
'NVQUB9 ^ ilHDOD BT ^
uorepuauioaaj as X pjuaiqure BjraonnsaBjjui ap sozpaauojj
soiDsXoid jBpireuy X aBoypuapi ap Bpirejjodun BJ
sopiqpaj souejuauiOD so~[ -sauopBziuBSjo X sonpiAipui a
-JCA Bijdure Bun ap ajJBd jod sauopBpuauiODai ua pjpisai pno o\
'UJaiuoij BI ap sopBj soqure B ODT]qpd pp sopBjuauios soj Jiqpaj
wed sauoisas oqeo B uojreAaj] a§ -ojosaj, pp oiuaurejjBdaQ
P ^ '(V1ID BI 3P asuapiunopBisg opBuotstuio^ p opuaXnpui)
opcisg ap oiuaurewBdaQ p Cvd3 BT UOJ3Ty ofeqBJa ap odiuS
aira op onuap sasuapmnopBisa SBpuaSB SB^ '
ig JD JBpjira spui B SE|p ap auuojui a sBjunfuoo
ajpwcsap ofcqBJi ap jEUOpEuiq odmg un anb opuuipijos
'sauopninsui ssqure ap ouaduiasap p jaDapwoj BJBd SBjBipauiur
SBptpaui JEUIOJ OMBsaoau sa anb ua opjanoB ap uojatAiusa sojjg
sop soj ap uppuare BJ B SBpBAa^ uoianj MVQ^a
SP sapBpiAHDB SB] 'soptuQ sopBjsg-oopca]/S[ puopButg
B] ap pnuB upiunai BJ aiiremp 'aiqraandas ug;
•sajBiuatuBpunj SBUI souiuupj ua upp^npAa-ai ua
pujoa as oSanj ojad 'upisra ns jBijduiB ap oixajuoD p ofeq ajuara
sopvMjattu stujo Łaimuitumu3^rS ou sauotmziut&to ucn jQOZ "*upi&o ^p
fZW itpttirtsu w tu '(snijuvffl oinnvj 'i
etunf) •JiSiitiipr
'
i sauopmnsui sBjsa ap uaurexa-ai un oznj as
pp BDuaury ap oj|OJBsaQ ap ooucg p X
iSpjoDg upp^jadoo^ ap upisiraoQ BJ
auojs[ ap opjaui03 aiqn ap opBjcrL p Jod SBpBajo
sauopmpsui sop ap sauopBjado SBJ uaoaredB BJSIJ BJ ap jopadns
aared BJ ug -sapAiu sojp SBUI soj apsap aauaurejuaiB SBpBuiurexa
uoianj Bzpajuojj upiSai BJ na sapjuaiqure SBOpjjod SB-J
•xog ajuapisajj jap BJ
anj ijsng ajuapisiaij ja piqpaJ anb pjBisg BiisiyV Biauipd BJ 'ajq
-uiapdas ua 'sasred sop soj anua Btpansa uppBjadooo ap uppBjai
Bun SBUI upB jBzijoquiis BIBJ -BnSy PP X" pisaio,j puopBjs[
BJ ap oiuaiuiBzuBj ja opspunuB BTJ X
'aauauiajduiis opBjnjp 'autfj^ BJSIABI BJ ap oiunf ap n PP U9PIP3
BJ ap pdpupd ojnopiB ja Jod opBzijoquiis jopui ajuatuajqEqoid
anj sozpaauojj soaunsB soj ua sajajui ap oiuatunB ajsg -opuoj
B Bimiaqoo Bun uoiaiqpai uaiqurei 'Bn§B jap pBpipa BJ X ojasitn
-tuns ja aauauippadsa 'sapiuaiqure SBUiaa soj 'SBZpaiuoij sBppou
SBJ ap sopBzaqBDua soj opuBjedBDB uoiam§TS seSoip ap ODTJBJJ
ja X uppBiSiuiui BJ oraoo sapa 'Bzpajuoij upiSai EJ ap SBraaa sono
anb ap resad B ^ 'SopiuQ sopBisg-ooixa]Aj Bzpajuoij upiSai BJ
B uppuajE joXBUi pjsaid aj as anb ua oauaraota un las pqoiduioo
IQQZ OUE ja 'aijsauiiij orapjn ja aauBinp puopEU pBppnSas BJ
E ajuaraajqisuaidraoo opBp Bq aj:
anb jBjnSuts anbojua jap jssad
-------
rewaduij; ap pBpm;} BJ ap BsapjE3jy
-------
31U31S1SV JOJDMIQ '
P
:otje jap soAnBogiuSis SBOI sapauaiqure sBDpjjod aaqos saaBqap soj
ap oun aiuBjmp ODijqnd jap uppBdppJBd BJ aBaSoj Eaud paw. pd^d
un pSnf oupaA uang ja 'Bzpaauoaj upiSai BJ ap sapBptunuioo SBJ
UOD uppaEJaju; EJ ua puopipBaa sisBjua ns UOD optrenupuo^
t\ ap ajqiauaisng OJJCUBSSQ ja BiBd OApjnsuoQ ofasuoQ p ouioo
oppouoo 'XQ.J aauaoiA sp uppBJasiuiuipy EJ jod oppajqBasa
aiuauiaiuapaa EJJOSSSE ap ouBoraaui odnjS un uoo asasoju
-nuiOD E pzuauioD oupa/v uang ja 'j; upiSa^ ofasuo;}
-sap ap ^indssp 'OUE jap SJJSSUITJI ouipjn p sjirem
uinjDnjJSOEJjur ap soaaaXoid X SEZUSJUOJJ sBopjjod sp Ep
US OS3J§Ojd pp EDJ3DB UppEUIJOJUI JBiqUTEDJ31UI
soqurc sp ssuoiunsi se\ E uowpsiSB oupa^ uang p X I
ofosucQ PP sojquisiui soj '(JLVISraW^HS) sspin
X MUSiqiuy oipap^ sp EjJBjajoas BJ 'oopcpjAj sp aaiwtqure oipsui
EIDU3§B BJ E JEJOS3SB 3p UpISIUI BJ OATH '(\ UplSa-JJ
EJ sp ajqEiusisng ojjojjresaQ Bred Bposasy sp
'EJJOS3SB 3p OUBDIX3UI odtljS p '3
ns UOD BtmpuoD uppoEJsaui us snj 'OUE p siuEinp Eiunf E[ ap
ssuoistyip X sauopBoiunuioD SBJ ap aABp aauauoduioD OWQ
•BUISIUI BJ ap SEDijqpd sauoiunaj SBJ ap Bun BpBO
siutanp 'sajjodsj ap pBpjjB3 ua 'sauopEziptUDB X SBppou Biunf BJ
•K uojcuopjodojd aj 'siuaurepinSas -sBzpaauojj SEDpjjod SBJ ap BD
-J3DB oaijqrid pp sajEurjojui sauoiuido SEJ jauaaqo X 'aiuapaj SBUI
ouuojui ns Jinqpjsip 'Eiunf BJ ap ofsqEij ja jpnosip BJEd pBpra
-nuodo BJ uoJEqosAOjdB upiqurea 'sojuaAa sojsa us sajBuoisajojd
rauopE2iuE§JO SBidwd sns B sauauipdpupd uojejuasaidai Biunf
cj sp soaquiaiui soj anb ap jBsad y -sajEuopEuiq X sajEuopBu
sczuaiuojj sauoprapsui SBJIO SBUEA X 'sopiuf^
jcuopEutg upisituoQ EJ 'pnps BJ ap puopEuig
v\ 'sozuoiuojjj SMOpBraaqog soj ap puopButg
us SEjSis sns jod cTHHOS) piuaiqury pBpiApBuiJojsi X
jJsaAui Bied aasaojng jap oaaua^ ja 'ozpaiuoxj opiauio^
ap BZUCIJV BJ '(YIID) sEnSy X saatuij-]; ap puopBUjajuj
EJ 'soptuQ sopBasg-ODrxpjAj opjauio^ ap BJBUJBQ
3"°N PP rappury sp ojjoiJBsaa pp
P '(dHDOD) wnJiMuoy BDi§pjoog[ uppBjadoo^ ap
Eq :SMuain§;s soj opuaXnjDut sodnjS SOUBA ap sauoiunaj
scj us uoJBdpniEj -OUB js ajuBJTip Bjaiuojj BJ ap sopBj soquiE
ua sauopmnsu; ap pBpapEA Bun UOD ofeqExi ap sauopBjaj SB^D
-suss sns UOJSIATOUBUI Biunf BJ ap sojquiaiui soj 'ouisransy
•soApEjst§aj sajaAiu soap soj ua Baunf BJ ap ZOA BJ
cjctpnosa as anb uojranjimad sauoisnosip SBjao X Easg -uppBaiAui
jod aauaurejos sopBsajaaui ap sodraS sapdiund soj uojapsisB
anb BJ B upiunai Bun ua EpEauasajdai oAtiasa Ejunf BJ 'ajqnaoo
ap ^ ja zaiBnf pEpnQ X OSEJ jg ua 'jaSuptjon J010!A 'm™?Vt 3P
aauaiqtuy oipajAf jap op-EaaJoag p u°D asJiunaa BjBd Bjaauojj BJ E
pfeiA uBuiaiu^ BJopBnsimrapy BJ opueno 'sandsap sasatu SOUB/^
'IXX EJaauoi,j BuiBjSojj jap josaons 'ozpaauoij aauaiqure oipaui
jap puopBuiq BuiEj3oj(d jap asBj BAanu BJ ua sopBasa soj ap jadsd
ja jpnosip Bred 'ydH BI 3P sspuopBUjaaui sapBpiApoy ap BupijQ
BJ ap BJOpBjasimrapy aoT^v 'saaXy tjaipnf -Bag EJ uoo uoaaiunaa as
uaiqura sozpaauoaj sopBasa soj ap souaaiqoS soj B saauapauaaaad
Biunf BJ ap sojqtuaiui soj 'Ejp ouasiui asg -UBraaTi)^ PP91
aupspxQ -BJg BJ '(sajSur ua SEjSis sns jod 'yjg) jQH33 SOI 3P
aauaiquay oipap\[ jap uppoaaoaj ap BpuaSy EJ ap BaopBiasiuiuipy
BJ UOD uoaaiunaa as 'soaquiaiui soiao SOUBA X 'Bsouidsg tjaipnf
'Baunf EJ ap Bauaptsaaj BJ opueno 'oasoSB ap / ja oqBD B pAajj
as soaauanoua sosa ap ouj^ -CUE jap saauaipsajqos SEUJ soaund
soj ap oun uoaanj uppBaisiuirapy pnaDE BJ ap o§uea ap sappijo
X Baunf BJ ap sojquiaiui soj aaaua BJBD E EJBD ap saaBqap soq;
•S3UMŁ sspSuysoj oDipppad ja ua opBDTjqnd
un BasBLj sapooj upisiAajaa ap sauopBasa SBJ apsap 'uppBDiunuaoD
ap soipaui soj ap aaiBd aod Bmajaqoo Euanq uojaiAna X SBpp
-SISB uaiq aauauiBUins uojanj sauoiunaa saaa SBq -BDijqpd upiurdo
ap upisas Bun X 'sapooj sapEpiunuioo SBJ ap sappijo ap soi
-jEauauioo 'sopBaiAut saauauod ap aaaBd jod sauopBauasaad 'Baunf
EJ ap sojqraaiui soj ap aaisd ap sauopBZTpnaoB pXnjoui upiunaa
BpBQ -ajqnaoo ap n-QI P 'sBxaj, 'opajB-j ua X ioijnf ap <)Z-<=Z
ja BTUJOjip^ 'oSaiQ UEg ua ioziBtu ap ZZ'IZ P Euozpy 'Bran^
ua :OUB ouipjp aasa 'nnHS-00?'?]^ Eaaauojj BJ ap O§JBJ oj E
sapBpijBDOj SBaupsip ua sBDijqnd sauoiunaj saaa oqED B pAajj Baunf
BJ 'nnaa SOI 3P 3iirap!S3J[cI ja BJBd JOSBSB aatuioo ap pBpipo ns ug
•Ezpaauojj upiSaa BJ ap sBuiaa soj ua BpeapoanE X 'ppjEdrai '
-ijiqipajo UOD ZOA Bun ouioo oauaiuipouooaj aoXBui upB jauaaqo
opis BXBIJ soaSoj saioXBUi sns ap oun SEziriŁ) 'IQOZ °^v P sauBmp
soaSoj soijonui piasiSaj oupa/^ uang jap pauaiquay Baunf B^;
•vuouiaM ns v 'sop-tuft sopvisg soj ap osauSuo^ ]v Ł
stuaptsauj p outo3A umgjapjvttutqiuymunfv] ap auuofuj ofumf)
p 'auuofm 9J.S3 soiuv3ipa(j -pvp^mp^oy Ł 'w}mp-iqvs 'soiuaiiupouoo
sns sowMvumixg -svxaj^ 'omotuy uv§ ua faaaoAQ g-g-ft
mvd sa^muaiqwy soiunsy ap ai.uaj.ar) ouioo opvtiud Mtaas p ua vpua
-uadxa ns ap satiw v munfvj ap oCvqvJj. p aiuaiuapuvjS ppanbuua
vpmj -qituis 'g vpurj 'm^ 27 'sopvoipap Ł sopmaclsaj. syui soj,q
-uiaiw sns ap oun v oipj.ad mun[ v] 'otsoSv u^ -puosMd OUIOD pqoj?
ptiiu v otuvt 'so3t?pw S3330. svunSjv Ł souvut
-ipj.ovJ4xa soiuaaa ap ouv un anf IQOZ
-------
-------
p 'oupaA_uang pp pjusiqurvBjunf BJ ap opBuSisaQ
PPUO P ^EIUOD
-------
-------
S9
ouesop
Z9
SS
Ł9
L002 I9
SODOOiN 3d
ii/M ep
ap
so(Do60[\| epeuujo.).u|
6V
LZ
61
6
6
L
aiqos sopej-3 —
en6y sp sosjnoay —
ue atujo.|.u| seuoiaepueijuooey
se] ep euesey eup
LOOZ 13 VilVd S3NODVQN31A10D3a
upponpoj).u|
opppj
-------
-------
'Bsoindsg -JAJ tpypnf
•uppBjtreurejdtm sp ossDoid p
p X oApnoalg Jspoj p uoo onuijuoo oSojBip p UOD •BppBjduroD psa A sauopBpirauicoai
sns B oiusirnmSss p JESJOJIUOUI sp uppusam BJ strep BjunŁ B^ -Bjssndsgj Btm ajireureso
-ruadssj Bjpijos A sauopBpustuoDsj SEJSS jEjuassjd sp pBpramuodo B] 3D9pBj3B
SOJ3J ojsa jBpioqB UBpand anb sapBpapos
UppBUIJOJ B| BJBd SOTJBS903U SOSJTID3J SOJ SSjqiUOdsip UB§BIJ 9S 9tlb SOUIBpSUOOB
'upiSaj By Bjirexps anb ssuorsaid SEAanu SB[ A sonirauco sotquiBD so| sopBp
-sapAtu soj sopoj us sajuajspta ssjBjduiafo sapBpapos SBJ opireXodB animuoo
oujsiqoS p snb souiBpireuicogj SBSJE ssji SBJ ug -soscuSrpd SSJEHSIBUJ X 'SJTB pp
'Bn§B 3p SOSJHD3J ISB3JB S3U U3 UB3OJU3 3S S3UOpBpU9UIOD3J SBJJSSHU COUB
•ODTjqnd pp 3UBd jod uppBdppiBd 3|qBj3pisuoD Bun anb pn§i |E 'BZUSJUOJJ upiSaj BJ ap
S3pBpIS3D3U SBJ 3jqOS BJtmf BJ 3p SOjqraSTjAJ SOJ 3JJU3 SSUOISnOSIp SBSU3JX3 Bf3|Jf3J SXIIJOjfUJ
jg -sopiuQ sopBjsg soj sp osajSuo^ p A satreptssij p otnosyY rang pp jEatreiqury
3UIJOJUJ oaurri^) 3iss JEju3S3jd 3p isDBjd js o§u3j 'BiunfBj 3p sjquiou ug
BJ 3p
30IyV 'JS TV
pxeog
pooo aqjL
M!
KC, 4
I*- v
f 4
-------
U9 uebusuuv
o6au ep enBB.eqeuojOJodojd oiiiB|v fep |euep
A ou'jap opo| ep 61,6L u? opm.q.subo
19P uoporujsucd
|9p leuep |e
pooM>|Doy -
| ep ,
ep
|Buaduii a||s/\
|ep u9pe(Asap
opejo|CQ oiy
uj^-e6ed-qeuB/meoo/AQ6-Bd9-MAAM ue esjBAUoque-epsnd eLUJO^Uj a^se ep eojuojpe[e ejdoo sup
' '' ' " ' ' ' '
A !|Boixa|/\|
OLUOO iAJs
' '...',-'..•'• . -seiepjeujqo sopnpojd o sopBJ^sjBej
sejqujou ep uopuatu e] ' osn ep upibepuaaibDej euri eAnmsuco ooodaie^ |u 'sopjup sopejsg so| ap '|ejepej. oujaiqoB |ap
OAiinoafg ouusiusBjo .pp eyed UBLUJOJ. anb SBpuaBe SEJJO SB| ap ju Vd3 el a.P seojijjpd^sBi A BJSJA ep sojund so| e^ueajBuesaoau
UBjuesejdej ou euuoj.ui |ep seuopBpueuuooej A opiijeiuoo |a !OIUBJ o| jbd A y^g ep eiysd jod uppsqojde ns sjed
opssjAej op|s ELJ ou eujjoj.uj eq.se 'oBjeqoia ujg 'ejunp e'| ep sauopejedo SB] ejis'iuioipe AoueBy uoipajoj,-! [Bq.ueaiuoj|Aug -g-p
B-|- -sopjun sopsisg so| ep osajBuo3 A aiuepjsejj |E Biunp B| ep aujjoj.u| ojumQ [e se eq.sg 'frOfrS uppoes "D'STI '(PV SAIIBJIJUI
seoueujv eiji joj. asudJa^Ug) SBOueuJV se| ejed ssajdiug epsAjiepjU) ,e| ap Epvpp'9 uopoes e\ ofeq opBzuoq.nB'BO||qnd suosesB
ep eijoioD un 'oupe/\ uang |ap |BiuaiquJV s;unp B| ep sepspiAjpe se\ ap aijsd OUJOD oiuose enj. eLujo.).uj eq.sg :spueqjaApv
-------
------- |