vvEPA
               United States
               Environmental Protection
               Agency
              Pfficeof          September 1996
              International Activities (2631)   160-R-96-QQ2
IRA's International

Technology Programs
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Contents
1   The Importance of
    International Cooperation
2   Programs in Action
2   Technology Cooperation
3   Technical Assistance
    and Training
4   Information Exchange
5   Technology Demonstrations
6   Leveraging of
    Financial Assistance
6   Cooperative Research
    and Development
8   Appendix
                                                                                        Courtesy of World Bank.

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EPA's  International
Technology  Programs
      The United States is a world leader
      in environmental protection, with
      significant expertise residing in both
the public and private sectors.  Exchanging
this expertise with other nations can help
solve pressing environmental problems
worldwide while also serving broader U.S.
foreign policy, economic and national
security objectives.
  Highlighting a number of success stories,
this publication provides an overview of
EPA's international technology activities.
The appendix contains a more detailed
catalogue of available programs and
resources.
 The importance of
 International Cooperation

 International cooperation is critical to achieving
 EPA's mission. Air, water and waste pollution
 crossing our borders with Mexico and Canada can
 imperil the health, environment, and well-being
 of people in the United States. Emissions of
 carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases
 threaten to raise temperatures throughout the
 global atmosphere.  Pollution of the oceans and
 irreversible losses of species and habitats world-
 wide undermine the resource base critical to our
 well-being and quality of life and deprive us of
 commercially valuable and potentially life-saving
 genetic materials.
  EPA's international technology programs — the
 exchange of technology and expertise through
 technical assistance, training, information and
 other forms of technical cooperation — play a
 critical role in this effort.  Exchanging environ-
 mental management, regulatory and technological
 expertise with other nations can help solve
 environmental problems worldwide, including the
 global and regional threats that directly affect
 health and the environment in the United States.
 Sharing the burden of environmental regulation
 and research,  as well as benefitting from scientific
 and technological breakthroughs in other coun-
tries, can reduce the cost of environmental
 protection in the United States.
  In addition to environmental benefits, EPA's
 international technology programs can enhance
world wide demand for environmental technolo-
gies and expertise, thus creating commercial
opportunities for U.S. business and industry.
Cooperation on technical issues can improve
relations with  our foreign counterparts. Reduced
environmental pressures overseas can contribute
to political and economic stability worldwide,
thereby enhancing U.S. national security interests.
                                                                            1

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Phasing Out Ozone-Depleting
Chemicals in Developing Countries

The multi-billion dollar U.S. invest-
ment in protecting the stratospheric
ozone layer could be completely
undone by unabated emissions of
ozone-depleting chemicals in develop-
ing countries. EPA is therefore working
with developing countries under the
U.S. Clean Air Act — bilaterally and
through the Montreal Protocol Multi-
lateral Fund — to reduce their produc-
tion and use of these chemicals.  EPA's
work with Colombia, for example, has
helped cut that country's use of ozone-
depleting chemicals in the mobile air
conditioning sector by 28 metric tons
a year — 20 percent of Colombia's
overall use in that sector.
PROGRAMS  INACTION

 EPA's international technology programs include:
 technology cooperation, technical assistance and
 training, information exchange, technology
 demonstrations, leveraging of financial assis-
 tance, and cooperative research and develop-
 ment.

Technology Cooperation

 'Technology transfer" is the traditional term used
 for the dissemination of pollution prevention and
 control equipment and expertise. In 1992, at the
 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, the international
 community endorsed the concept of "technology
 cooperation" as an important component of the
 worldwide effort to achieve sustainable develop-
 ment. Going beyond the traditional emphasis on
 government-to-government cooperation, the
 term puts more emphasis on the role of the
 private sector and public-private partnerships.

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  Fully embracing this concept, EPA is
enlisting the expertise, resources and creativity
of the private sector on behalf of environmen-
tal objectives worldwide.  The primary
purpose of the U.S. Technology for Interna-
tional Environmental Solutions (U.S. TIES)
program, for example, funded from 1994 to
1996, has been to match pressing environ-
mental problems overseas with the suppliers
of proven and cost-effective environmental
technologies in the United States.  U.S. TIES
funding has already led to millions of dollars
in environmental sales for American companies.

Technical Assistance
 and Training
EPA's international technical assistance and
training programs are carried out on both a
programmatic and needs-driven basis.
Longer-term programs focus on the strengthen-
ing of the necessary environmental institu-
tional and human resource capabilities (i.e.,
the establishment of environmental protec-
tion laws, organizations and regulations and
the human resource capabilities needed to
implement them).  In cooperation with the
U.S. Agency for International Development
(U.S. AID), this Agency is working with the
Governments of Central and Eastern Europe
and Russia and Ukraine in applying risk
assessment and economic analysis to envi-
ronmental problems.
   Using a facilitated, train-the-trainer
approach, EPA's international environmental
training modules cover such environmental
issues or management techniques as environ-
mental economics; risk assessment; chemi-
cal emergency preparedness and accident
prevention; environmental compliance and
enforcement; environmental impact assess-
ment; and solid waste management plan-
ning.  Initially developed for use in Central
and Eastern Europe, the  modules have  also
been successfully applied in Africa, Asia,
Latin America and the Middle East.

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    Shorter-term assistance programs focus
  on more specific environmental problems.
  Under the Agency's Environmental Action
  Team program, for example, EPA provided
  short-term technical assistance to the Royal
  Thai Government in assessing and mitigat-
  ing severe health and environmental threats
  posed by a lignite power plant in the Mae
  Moh Valley.  Coordinated closely with other
  U.S. public and private sector groups, this
  assistance not only helped solve a pressing
  environmental problem in Thailand, but
  also led to the sale of almost $200 million in
  U.S. air pollution monitoring and control
  equipment.

  Information Exchange
  With over 25 years of experience, EPA is
  widely recognized as a leading source of
  environmental information. Exchanging this
  information —that is, sharing U.S. informa-
  tion as well as benefitting from information
  generated abroad — is a cost-effective way
  for reducing environmental risks worldwide
  The Global Market for
  Environmental Technology
  Environmental Business International
  (EBI) estimates the current global
  market for environmental goods and
  services at $408 billion, with growth
  rates between 7 and 17 percent in
  developing countries and somewhat
  slower growth rates in more devel-
  oped countries.  The U.S. market
  accounts for approximately $170
  billion of that total, with the domes-
  tic market expected to grow to more
  than $210 billion by the turn of the
  century.
while lowering the cost of environmental
protection in the United States.  The
Agency's international information pro-
grams focus on both the kind of information
needed (for example, information on
environmental conditions and regulations
or the performance and cost of technologies)
and the mechanisms for delivering the
information (from  low-tech newsletters and
workshops to on-line computer technolo-
gies).
  EPA offers Technical Information Pack-
ages (TIPs) on environmental issues of most
concern to developing countries and
economies in transition. These mini-
resource libraries cover issues such as safe
drinking water, mining waste management,
environmental impact assessments, rural
wastewater systems, and pesticide waste
disposal. EPA and the U.S. Information
Agency circulated the TIPs to information
centers throughout the world. EPA is now
updating and digitizing the TIPs to make
the information available through the
Internet.
4

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  The Agency also played the leading role in
 establish ing the Regional Environmental
 Center for Central and Eastern Europe in
 Budapest Hungary.  Including business
 information services and Internet links to 13
 countries, the Center is a major source of
 information for non-governmental organiza-
 tions, local authorities, national governments,
 academic institutions and private interests
 throughout the region.  It has also served as a
 model for application in other parts of the
 world.

Technology Demonstrations
 EPA's in-country technology demonstrations
showcase the performance capabilities of
 U.S. technologies in real-time, country-
specific settings, thereby helping to promote
broader application of these technologies
worldwide. One of EPA's projects in  Poland,
for example, is demonstrating the use of
sewage  sludge (biosolids) in revegetating and
detoxifying land contaminated by coal
mining and smelter waste.  This project not
only solves a pressing health and environ-
mental problem in Poland; it also expands
our understanding of an innovative approach
that could be used in the United States.
  Under the Murmansk Initiative, EPA is
working with the Governments of Russia and
Norway to upgrade and expand a prototype
low-level liquid radioactive waste (LLW)
processing facility in Murmansk, Russia.
Designed to help avoid possible ocean
dumping of LLW from the decommissioning
of Russia's nuclear submarine fleet, the
project includes application of an innovative
U.S. technology employing special filtering,
containment and processing techniques.
With the design phase now complete,
construction will begin soon.  The U.S.
Department of Energy is also exploring the
possible transfer to the United States of an
innovative Russian technology used at the
Murmansk facility.
Leveraging of Funds for
Environmental Protection in
Russia and the Czech Republic
Through the Agency's environmental
capacity-building program in Russia
and Czech Republic, EPA has
leveraged $21 million in funding
from the U.S. Agency for Interna-
tional Development (U.S. AID) into
more than $620 million for environ-
mental protection in those two
countries.   The funds are leveraged
through the country's own public
funds and multilateral development
banks, such as the World Bank, as
well  as through private sector
investment.

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  Other technology demonstrations now
underway include drinking water projects in
Mexico, China and Ecuador; air pollution
control projects in Poland, Russia, Ukraine,
China, India and Korea; a waste project in
Russia; a site characterization/remediation
project in the Czech Republic; and renewable
energy projects in Mexico, Chile and Argen-
tina.

Leveraging of Financial
Assistance

Identification of, and assistance in securing,
the funds needed to deal with a specific
environmental problems is an important
component of EPA's international technology
programs. Multilateral development banks
and other international financial institutions
have played a particularly important role in
this regard. In the early 1990's, for example,
EPA worked with Chinese authorities in
developing and implementing a plan for
capturing and using the methane that escaped
from coal mines throughout the country.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that, if
vented to the atmosphere, contributes to the
warming of the earth's atmosphere. Captured
methane can serve as a valuable source of
energy.
  The Agency assisted the Chinese Govern-
ment in winning a $10 million grant from the
Global Environment Facility (GEF), a joint
funding program run by the World Bank, the
United Nations Environment Program and
United Nations Development Program. As a
result of this project, China expects to in-
crease its coal-bed methane recovery from
mines from an estimated 400 million cubic
meters in 1990 to more than 1  billion cubic
meters by the year 2000.  The project has
also led to the creation of a quasi-private
corporation in China to facilitate foreign
investment in coal-bed methane recovery
projects in the future,  and a number of U.S.
companies have signed contracts with
Chinese authorities for follow-on projects.
Cooperative Research and
Development

In addition to sharing U.S. expertise with
other countries, EPA benefits from joint
research programs and from scientific and
technological advances achieved in other
countries. Cooperative research with
Canada, Germany, Sweden, Japan, China,
and India has yielded extremely valuable
information to the United States at a fraction
of the cost of what it would have cost to
collect and analyze the data here.
  In a cooperative study with China, EPA was
able to assess the loss of lung function in
children due to their exposure to coarse and
fine air-borne particulates.  Similarly, EPA
and the Government of India  have just
initiated a three-year research project on the
health effects of lead exposure on puberty
and adolescent development. With large
residential areas adjoining lead smelter sites,
lead exposure levels in India are much higher
than  in the United States. The information
drawn from the medical examinations carried
     Reducing Lead Risks
     Internationally
     Lead in air, water, soil and some
     manufactured products such as
     gasoline is a major threat to the
     health of children worldwide.
     Focusing on  technical assistance,
     training and  information, EPA is
     working with policy makers around
     the world to  develop and implement
     lead reduction strategies.  In
     addition to the immediate health
     benefits of these programs, low-cost,
     clean-up strategies developed in
     these countries could eventually
     find use in the  United States.

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out under the study will improve our
understanding on the health effects of lead
on children. The results will buttress policy
decisions on the regulation of lead-related
products and abatement practices not only
in India and the United States but ultimately
around the world.
  EPA is also working with many developed
countries in sharing environmental manage-
ment expertise on new, non-regulatory
mechanisms for protecting the environment.
Other countries are extremely interested in
our experience with such voluntary, non-
regulatory programs as the Common Sense
Initiative, Project XL, Energy Star Buildings,
Green Lights and Waste Wise. Similarly, as
EPA moves away from the medium-by-medium
approach of the past toward a more integrated
view of the environment, it can learn much
from the experience of other countries that
have already applied such techniques. Swed-
ish and Dutch authorities, for example, have
been implementing multi-media systems of
environmental protection for many years.
     Environmental Protection in the U.S.-Mexico Border Area
     Technology cooperation and assistance plays a key role in protecting and restoring
     environmental quality in the U.S.-Mexico border area. Examples of EPA's programs in
     this region include: development of emission inventories for border sister cities;
     training for the operators of wastewater treatment plants; monitoring of water quality;
     and the development of pollution prevention manuals for key industrial sectors, such
     as metal finishing and electronics.

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APPENDIX
Selected  Programs  and  Information  Resources
PROGRAMS:

International Pollution
Prevention Partnerships

Contact: Ted MacDonald,
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel: (202) 260-7394
  Fax: (202) 260-0532

EPA is working through
several international initia-
tives to encourage public
and private sector adoption
of cleaner production
policies, practices and
technologies.  Regional
commitments on  pollution
prevention include activities
under the Summit of the
America's Partnership for
Pollution Prevention, the     i
Asia-Pacific Economic       j
Cooperation Cleaner        j
Production Initiative, the
North American Commission
for Environmental Coopera-
tion and several priority
bilateral programs. Key     «
activities include  guidance to |
governments on pollution
prevention policies, waste
minimization in key industry \
sectors, training and work-   I
shops, international informa- [
tion networking and research •
cooperation. EPA partner-   ;
ships include cooperative    '
programs under the U.S.     |
Agency for International     '.
Development's Environmen-  •
tal Pollution Prevention      •
Project and the U.S.-Asia     j
Environmental Partnership,   ;
as well as with the World    «
Bank, World Health Organi-  i
zation and the United
Nations Environment        !
Program.
U.S.-Asia Environmental
Partnership (US-AEP)

Contact: Mark Kasman
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel: (202)260-0424
  Fax:  (202)260-4470

Under the United States-Asia
Environmental Partnership,
EPA employs Environmental
Action Teams, short-term
technical assistance, training
programs, and fellowships to
build environmental capacity
in Asia.
  Environmental Action
Teams undertake short-term
assignments in response to
specific problems. EPA
experts lead the teams,
which may include profes-
sionals from other federal
agencies, international
organizations, businesses,
and non-profit organizations.
Requests for teams must
have host government
support at local and national
levels.  The team works with
government officials to
isolate the causes of the
problem and to devise
immediate, medium and
long-term strategies.
  Short-term technical
assistance is appropriate  in
cases where a country
requests an EPA expert for a
specific and one-time
activity. Past activities in this
area have included a
technical review of a
pending solid waste regula-
tion; a visit to a village to
conduct an arsenic poison-
ing health risk assessment;
and participation at a World
Bank mobile source air
pollution workshop.
  Training programs are
available both off-the-shelf
and as hands-on practitioner
workshops.  An example of
the latter is the recently
completed multimedia
enforcement inspector
training that took place in
Indonesia. Four EPA experts
used a combination of
classroom and site instruc-
tion to train  Indonesia's first
15 enforcement inspectors.
Overall, the team visited 40
industrial sites in less than a
month. The newly trained
inspectors are now using
their skills to train others
throughout the country as
the Environment Ministry
opens new regional offices.
  Fellowships at EPA are
available to  applicants with
designated funding and a
precise programmatic goal.
Most fellows are placed in
one of EPA's ten regional
offices, with their stay
limited to one month.
Fellowships are most useful
when connected to other
related activities under US-
AEP,  such as the Action
Teams.
Montreal Protocol
Implementation

Contact: Paul Horwitz,
  Office of
  Atmospheric Programs/
  Office of Air and Radiation
  Tel: (202)233-9109
  Fax: (202)233-9665

EPA represents the United
States on the Executive
Committee to the Multilat-
eral Fund for the Implemen-
tation of the Montreal
Protocol (Fund), established
by the Parties to assist
developing Parties phase out
ozone depleting substances.
The goal of the Fund is to
enable a global elimination
of the major ozone depleting
substances by the year 2010.
The Fund covers the "incre-
mental costs" associated with
information exchange and
training, capital costs of
conversions, and for a short
transition period, incremen-
tal operational costs incurred
by national governments or
industries to achieve global
environmental benefits.
  Over the five years of its
operation, the Multilateral
Fund's Executive Committee
has approved funding of
approximately $400 million
for over 1200 activities in 90
developing countries. This
figure includes the develop-
ment of over 60 country
specific phaseout strategies,
50 of which have already
been approved by the
Executive Committee, as
well as conversions  at over
200 industrial facilities.

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Methane Emission
Reduction from Coal
Mines

Contact: Dina Kruger,
  Global Change Division/
  Office of Air and Radiation
  Tel: (202)233-9039
  Fax: (202)233-9569

Methane is emitted when
coal is mined and frequently
vented to the atmosphere,
where it becomes a potent
greenhouse gas. In many
mines, methane emissions
can be profitably red.uced
through the application of
existing technologies for gas
recovery and use.  Methane
recovery can also  have other
benefits, including improved
coal mine safety and
productivity, production of a
new energy source, and
reduced local air pollution
through displacement of
poor quality coal with
coalbed methane.
  This EPA program identi-
fies and encourages the
development of profitable
projects to reduce methane
emissions from coal mining
in China, Russia, Ukraine,
Poland and the Czech
Republic.  The project  is
designed to identify profit-
able opportunities to reduce
methane emissions, raise
awareness of coal-bed
methane as an alternative
energy resource currently not
being tapped, and  remove
the barriers to the develop-
ment of these projects.
Methane Emission
Reduction from Large
Ruminant Livestock

  Contact: Mark Or|ic,
  Atmospheric Pollution
  Prevention Division/
  Office of Air and Radiation
  Tel:  (202)233-9043
  Fax: (202)233-9569

By promoting better use of
available technologies
coupled with sound manage-
ment practices, this EPA
program achieves large
reductions of methane
emissions per unit of meat or
milk produced. Livestock
producers benefit from
reducing methane emissions
because methane produced
by their animals represents a
loss of dietary energy.
Converting feed into animal
products more efficiently
also results in greater profit
for farmers from savings in
feed per unit of production.
Projects are mainly focused
on dairy cattle improvement.
Initially, scientists and
development workers from
the U.S. convene with their
counterparts in developing
countries to carefully
analyze potential dietary
improvements and design
specific projects. Once a
project design is completed,
reviewed and approved by
all participants, it is mar-
keted to prospective donors.
Programs such as the U.S.
Initiative on Joint Implemen-
tation offer opportunities for
funding these types of
projects. Livestock improve-
ment projects are currently
underway in India and
Zimbabwe and activities are
being planned for Ukraine,
Tanzania, Bangladesh,
Nepal, Indonesia, and  Brazil.
U.S. initiative on joint
implementation (USIJI)

Contact; Elmer Holt,
  Director, (202) 426-1628
  www.ji.org/usiji/usiji.htm

The United States Initiative
on Joint Implementation
(USIJI) is a voluntary pilot
program contributing to the
international knowledge
base of joint implementation
through projects designed to
reduce or sequester green-
house gas emissions in
different geographic regions.
Introduced in negotiations
leading up to the 1992 Earth
Summit, the concept of joint
implementation was
formally adopted in the text
of the U.N. Framework
Convention on Climate
Change.  Two or more
countries can work together
in,implementing cooperative
development projects,
thereby reducing emissions
at a lower cost than would
be possible if each country
acted alone.  USIJI will
provide public recognition
and selected technical
assistance to approved
projects.
U.S. Country Studies
Program

Contact: Ron Benioff,
  Director, (202)426-1628
  www.gcrio.org/CSP/
  webpage.html

The U.S.  Country Studies
Program provides financial
and technical assistance to
developing and transition
countries in carrying out
national studies on climate
change.  Regional and
sectoral oversight for this
program is provided by the
U.S. Country Studies
Management Team, in which
EPA participates.  Fifty-five
countries currently partici-
pate in the program. These
countries are developing
inventories of their anthropo-
genic emissions of green-
house gases, assessing their
vulnerabilities to  climate
change, evaluating response
strategies for mitigating and
adapting to climate change,
formulating national climate
change action plans, and
performing technology
assessments. A new phase of
the program,  Support for
National Action Plans
(SNAP), provides technical
and financial support for
preparation of national
action plans, in-depth
evaluations of climate
change technology needs
and opportunities to promote
technology diffusion.

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PROGRAMS
       Caribbean Environment &
       Development institute

       Contact: Paulo Almeida,
         Office of
         International Activities
         Tel: (202) 260-6653
         Fax:(202)401-0140

       The Caribbean Environment and
       Development Institute (CEDI) is a
       non-profit organization  dedicated to
       fostering public-private  sector
       cooperation on environmental
       management, for the purpose of
       promoting the sustainable develop-
       ment of the Wider Caribbean
       Region.  Under a cooperative
       agreement with EPA and in coopera-
       tion with public and private sector
       experts in Puerto Rico, CEDI has
       undertaken projects to:  promote
       improved solid waste management
       and inter-island recycling with
       Antigua; develop low-cost, low-
       maintenance alternative technolo-
       gies for drinking water treatment in
       small communities in Trinidad; and
       demonstrate industrial pollution
       prevention techniques in the
       Dominican Republic. CEDI has also
       promoted the hemispheric Partner-
       ship for Pollution Prevention, one of
       the principal components of the
       1994 Summit of the Americas
      Action Plan. For example, hosted
       by the Government of the Common-
      wealth of Puerto Rico, CEDI and the
       Pan American Health Organization
      and Organization of American
      States, co-sponsored a meeting a
      Technical Experts in November
       1995. The meeting brought together
      representatives from 25 government
      agencies, international and regional
      organizations, private associations
      from 20 countries in the Americas to
      plan the implementation of this
      Partnership. For additional informa-
      tion, please contact:
        Ramon Daubon,
        Executive Director
        Caribbean Environment &
        Development Institute
        Tel: (809) 759-6684
        Fax: (809) 759-6872
 U.S./GAZPROM Working Group

 Contact: Andrea Clark,
   Atmospheric Pollution Prevention
   Division/Office of Air and Radiation
   Tel: (202)233-9044
   Fax: (202)233-9569

 The U.S.-Gazprom Working Group is
 a cooperative public-private initiative
 with the Environmental Protection
 Agency, the Department of Energy, the
 Russian natural gas transmission and
 production company, RAO Gazprom,
 and U.S. equipment and services
 providers to improve the efficiency
 and environmental soundness of the
 Russian natural gas sector.  By improv-
 ing the production and transmission of
 natural gas systems in Russia, emis-
 sions of methane (a potent greenhouse
 gas) can be significantly reduced.
 Reductions of local air pollutants such
 as nitrogen oxides and carbon
 monoxide as well as groundwater or
 soil contamination associated with
 natural gas production can also be
 achieved.  The group strives to
 achieve these goals through U.S.-
 Russian commercial cooperation.
  Activities include demonstration
 projects on valve sealing and pipeline
 corrosion control, a Conference on
 Natural Gas Pipeline Standards and
 Project Finance in September 1995,
 and  U.S. study tour in April 1995 for
 Gazprom technical experts  on
 technologies used in the U.S. to
 reduce emissions of methane from
 U.S. natural gas systems.  Upcoming
 activities include demonstration
 projects on pipeline coating, geo-
 graphic information systems used to
 prioritize transmission pipeline
 maintenance, and improved removal
 of hydrogen sulfide from pipeline
 natural gas.  EPA is also working with
 Gazprom on a joint leak measurement
 program at Gazprom compressor
 stations and on a Joint Report on
 Opportunities to Reduce Methane
 Emissions in the Russian Natural Gas
Sector.
 U.S. Technology for
 International
 Environmental Solutions

 Contacts: Mark Kasman &
        Sarita Hoyt,
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel:  (202)260-2404
  (202) 260-0051
  Fax: (202)260-4470

 The U.S. Technology for
 International Environmental
 Solutions (U.S. TIES) initia-
 tive is an inter-agency
 technology diffusion pro-
 gram designed to enlist
 greater participation of the
 U.S. private sector in
 achieving U.S. environmen-
 tal objectives overseas.  Led
 by EPA, the public-private
 partnership uses interna-
 tional technical assistance
 and training, information
 exchange and technology
 demonstrations to match
 pressing environmental
 problems abroad with the
 suppliers of proven and cost-
 effective technologies in the
 United States.  By enlisting
 the cooperation of other
 Federal agencies  and the
 U.S. private sector in
 disseminating U.S. environ-
 mental technologies and
expertise overseas, the U.S.
TIES initiative reduces
environmental problems at
the global, regional, and
national levels.
                    10

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 Air Pollution Training
 Institute

Contact: Howard Wright,
  Leader, Education &
  Outreach Group
  US EPA, MD-7
  Research Triangle Park,
  NC 27711
  Tel: (919)541-5584
  FAX:  (919)541-5678

The Air  Pollution Training
Institute (APTI), a component
of the Education and
Outreach Group, provides
instructional materials,
technical assistance and
training in support of U.S.
regulatory air pollution
abatement programs. The
Institute offers courses
ranging  from two to five days
and workshops at sites across
the US as well as via
satellite. In addition, APTI
also has various self-study
courses  for training in the
home or in the place oiP
employment.  Foreign
countries which meet certain
requirements  may request
status as a Training  Resource
Center and be eligible to
receive selected courses and
materials.  APTI courses
include such topics as:

• Principles and Practice of
  Air Pollution Control

• Introduction to Air Toxics

• Control of Paniculate
  Emissions

• Control of Gaseous
  Emissions

• Motor Vehicle Emission
  Control

• Combustion Evaluation

• Air Pollution Field
  Enforcement

• Advanced Inspection
  Techniques
 Environmental Management Training
 Modules and Training Centers

Contact: Orlando Gonzalez,
  Office of International Activities
  Tel: (202)260-4174
  Fax: (202)260-8512

The International Environmental Management
Training Program seeks to strengthen the environ-
mental management capabilities of developing
countries and countries undergoing economic
restructuring. Serving as facilitators in the delivery
of these modules to foreign audiences, EPA employ-
ees prepare foreign facilitators to carry on this
training without further EPA assistance. Initially
developed for use in Central and Eastern Europe and
Russia and the New Independent States, the mod-
ules have now been adapted and successfully
applied  in other parts of the world, including Asia,
Latin America, Africa and  the Middle East.  The
modules also serve as core elements of the training
programs offered by the Environmental Management
Training Centers (EMTCs) and Centers for Environ-
mental Training and Information (CETI) which EPA
helped establish across Central and Eastern Europe
and Russia. Current offerings include:

• Introductory Courses:
     Principles of Environmental Policy
     Principles of Pollution Prevention
     Principles of Environmental
     Compliance and Enforcement
     Principles of
     Environmental Impact Assessment
     Principles Of
     Solid Waste Management  Planning
     Principles of
     Hazardous Waste Site Ranking
     Principles of Government Contracting
     Managing in an
     Environmental Organization

• Communications:
     Public Outreach

• Technical Courses:
     Economics of Environmental Decision-Making
     Environmental Audit
     Evaluation of Revenue Raising Mechanisms to
     Fund Environmental  Investments
     Risk Assessment
     Chemical Emergency Preparedness and
     Prevention
     Hazardous Materials Emergency Response
 United States
 Environmental Training
 Institute

 Contact: Mark Kasman,
  Office of International Activities
  Tel:  (202)260-0424
  Fax: (202)260-4470

 EPA launched the U.S. Environ-
 mental Training Institute (USETI) to
 link providers of U.S. environmen-
 tal technologies and management
 strategies with professionals from
 industrializing countries in need of
 appropriate, effective solutions.
 By providing comprehensive
 environmental management
 training and continuous opportu-
 nities for information exchange,
 USETI  seeks to form long-term ,
 productive relationships between
 industrializing countries and the
 U.S. private sector, U.S. Govern-
 ment, international agencies and
 non-governmental organizations
 in order to generate positive,
 sustainable, environmental change
 throughout the world.
  USETI has sponsored over 75
 training programs for nearly 1400
 government and private sector
 professional worldwide. USETI
 alumni represent over 44 coun-
 tries in regions such as Asia,
 Mexico, Eastern Europe, Latin
America and the Caribbean.
 USETI provides targeted, short-
term training programs in a variety
of environmental topic areas
 including wastewater treatment
technologies, municipal solid
waste management, and cleaner
production processes and tech-
nologies to name a few. There is
no tuition charged for USETI
training courses. The USETI
Catalogue of Courses is available
at U.S. Embassies  and USAID
Missions abroad or by contacting
USETI directly at:
  USETI
  1000 Thomas Jefferson Street,
  NW, Suite 308
  Washington, DC 20007
  Tel:  (202)338-3400
  Fax:  (202)333-4782
       11

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PROGRAMS
EPA Assistance Programs
in Central and'Eastern  •
Europe and the NiS	

Contact: Anna Phillips,
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel: (202) 260-6341
  Fax: (202) 260-4506

EPA's approach to environ-
mental cooperation in Central
and Eastern Europe and the
New Independent States (NIS)
recognizes the need to help
alleviate some acute prob-
lems in the near term, while
addressing the long-term
need to develop management
capacity and more effective
environmental institutions
through provision of training
and technical assistance.
  Institution-building
activities strengthen public
and non-governmental
institutions by providing
information on legislative/
regulatory frameworks,
various environmental
assessment tools, and
pollution mitigation and
prevention policies.
  Demonstration projects
address high priority environ-
mental issues in key
geographic areas or "hot spots"
where large populations are
at risk from exposure to
numerous pollutants, or
where unique natural
resources are threatened.
Such projects demonstrate
innovative, cost-effective,
and appropriate technologies
and/or focus on pollution or
environmental problems
common to the region.
Regional Central
American Environmental
Project (PROARCA, i.e.:
Proyecto Atnbiental
Regional Centroamericano)

Contact: Paulo Almeida,
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel: (202) 260-6653
  Fax:(202)401-0140

The Proyecto Ambiental
Regional Centroamericano
(PROARCA) is funded and
managed by the U.S. Agency
for International Develop-
ment s Central America
Regional Office (USAID/G-
CAP) in  Guatemala City.
The purpose of this project is
to support the Central
America Commission on
Environment and Develop-
ment (CCAD, e.g.: Comision
Centroamericano de
Ambiente y Desarrollo) with
the development of a
regional model for sustain-
able development. EPA has
entered  into a four-year
cooperative agreement with
the U.S. Agency for Interna-
tional Development to
provide  technical assistance
to strengthen legislative and
regulatory regimes, which is
one of the three goals of
PROARCA.  Other goals are
protecting biodiversity and
improving coastal zone
management.
United States EPA -
PAHO Risk Assessment
and Risk Management
Training for Latin
America

Contact: Paulo Almeida,
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel: (202) 260-6653
  Fax:(202)401-0140

U.S. EPA and the Pan
American Health Organiza-
tion (PAHO) cooperate in a
training program on the
assessment and management
of environmental risks to
public health. A five-person
team from EPA and the
PAHO Center for Health and
the Environment (PAHO-
ECO) have developed a five-
day seminar that introduces
the methodology and criteria
for risk assessment; provides
guidance in establishing
priorities and norms for
environmental health;
discusses risk assessment and
management strategies; and
identifies local needs for
future risk management
capacity-building projects.
The team has presented this
training course five times
since 1993; three times for
regional audiences in Central
America & the Caribbean
islands, the Southern Cone of
South America, and the
Northern Andean Region,
and twice for national
audiences in Mexico and
Brazil. The team has trained
197 environmental experts
from a variety of agencies
and technical disciplines.
The course materials
developed especially for this
training have been revised to
include the preparation of
new local instructors to
present this course, in a low-
cost and sustainable fashion.
US-Mexico
Environmental Border
Cooperation

Contact: Pam Teel &
        Patrick Whelan,
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel: (202) 260-4896;
  (202) 260-0769
  Fax:(202)401-0140

Many of EPA's technical
assistance programs with
Mexico are focused on
protecting health and
environmental  quality in the
border area.  Binational
working groups under the
1983 La Paz agreement and
the new Border XXI plan
bring together technical
experts from both countries
to exchange  information and
develop joint action pro-
grams related to air, water,
hazardous and solid waste,
enforcement, pollution
prevention, emergency
response, and information
management.  In addition,
the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services
and the Interior support
working groups on environ-
mental health and natural
resources. Specific activi-
ties currently underway
include: development of
emissions inventories for
border sister cities, training
for operators of wastewater
treatment plants, water
quality monitoring, develop-
ment of pollution prevention
manuals for key industrial
sectors such  as metal
finishing and electronics etc.
(For a detailed  listing of
activities conducted by each
work group see the Border
XXI, released for public
comment in June 1996).
                     12

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INFOTERRA

Contact: Emma J. McNamara,
  Enterprise Information
  Management Division
  Tel: (202) 260-1522
  Fax: (202) 260-3923

EPA serves as the U.S.
national focal  point for the
United Nations Environment
Program (UNEP)
INFOTERRA program, which
serves as an international
liaison between those who
are seeking environmental
information and those who
have the knowledge and
expertise. The INFOTERRA
network consists of over 170
member countries, with a
National Focal Point (NFP)
in each country responding
to specific requests for
environmental information.
Using e-mail, fax, phone,
letters and other vehicles,
INFOTERRA provides
documents, bibliographies
or referrals to experts. In
addition, the NFPs register
environmental experts in
each country for inclusion in
the INFOTERRA Interna-
tional Directory of Sources.
The following are examples
of additional functions
available through
INFOTERRA/USA:

• Distribution of non-
technical EPA publications

• Access to EPA, interna-
tional and commercial data
bases

• Referral of international
clients to U.S. experts

• Provision of EPA and other
government agency reports

• Access to EPA library and
INFOTERRA International
Network
The Regional Training
Center for Centra! and
Eastern Europe
Contact: Joanne McKernan,
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel: (202) 260-9451
 Fax (202) 260-4470

Located in Budapest, Hun-
gary, the Regional Environ-
mental Center (REC) for
Central and Eastern Europe
(CEE) addresses major
environmental  problems in
the region by engaging non-
governmental organizations,
local authorities,  national
governments, academic
institutions and the private
sector. The Center's pro-
grams include NGO grant
making, worldwide environ-
mental information exchange
and Internet linkages to 13
CEE countries (including its 5
local offices), initiatives to
assess and share regional
experiences in  addressing
crucial environmental issues,
and business information
and services. The REC
performs  market surveys and
provides consultation
services for a fee. Currently,
the Business Information
Service, working  with the
Foreign Commercial Service
and the Commerce Depart-
ment, is performing a survey
in Central and Eastern
Europe to identify environ-
mental technologies most
needed in the region, and in
assessing where the US has
the competitive edge.
Electronic Information
on Remediation of Soil
and Ground Water

Contact Walter W.Kovalick, Jr.,
  Technology Innovation
  Office
  Tel: (703)603-9910
  Fax:  (703)603-9135
  U.S. EPA/NCEPI,
   P.O. Box 42419,
  Cincinnati, OH 45242-
  2419
  Tel: (513)489-8190
  Fax:  (513)489-8695

Clean-up Information
(CLU-IN) Homepage
The "CLU-IN" homepage on
the World Wide Web pro-
vides information about
innovative treatment tech-
nologies for hazardous waste
site remediation. It describes
programs, organizations,
publications, and other tools
related to innovative technol-
ogy use. The information is
accessible on-line, or in
computer files or data bases.
The CLU-IN Bulletin Board
(BBS) also is available via
modem by calling (301) 589-
8366 (8 data bits, 1  stop bit,
no parity, VT-100 or ANSI).
Voice help is available by
calling (301) 589-8368.
  Vendor FACTS System
The Vendor Field Analytical
and Characterization Tech-
nologies System (Vendor
FACTS), is an electronic data
base which provides informa-
tion on 80 technologies
provided by 71 U.S. compa-
nies who offer innovative
technologies that measure or
monitor hazardous  contami-
nants at contaminated sites.
Technologies address air,
water, and soil sampling and
analysis, and include cone
penetrometers, fiber optic
sensors, portable gas chroma-
tography and mass  spectrom-
etry, ground penetrating radar,
and immunoassay. This
database can be downloaded
from CLU-IN or obtained
free from U.S.EPA/NCEPI.

VISITT System
The Vendor Information
System for Innovative
Treatment Technologies
(VISITT) is  an electronic data
base that contains informa-
tion provided  by companies
that offer innovative tech-
nologies for cleanup of soil
and ground water contami-
nated by hazardous and
petroleum waste, technolo-
gies include soil vapor
extraction, thermal desorp-
tion, and bioremediation.
VISITT 4.0 has data on 325
technologies offered  by 204
companies, most based in
the U.S. This database can
be downloaded from CLU-IN
or obtained free from
U.S.EPA/NCEPI.

Bioremediation in the Field
Search System (BFSS).
BFSS is an electronic data
base of information on over
400 waste sites across the
U.S. where bioremediation is
being tested or implemented,
or has been completed.
BFSS allows users to search
the database electronically,
view data on specific types
of bioremediation sites, and
print reports of selected
information. BFSS is avail-
able for downloading from
CLU-IN or free from
U.S.EPA/NCEPI.
                                                                                        13

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RESOURCES
 Environ mental Software
 Programs

Contact: Jon Grand
  EPA Region 5
  Tel: (312) 353-8270
  Fax:(312)353-3433

Developed through a
cooperative agreement with
Purdue University, this high
quality and interactive
software covers a wide range
of environmental topics.
There are tutorials, examples
of regulatory programs,
expert systems and risk
assessment programs.  The
software has been used for
risk evaluation in the field,
public outreach, environ-
mental education and
training new employees; it
has become an active  tool in
the mission of environmental
practitioners. All 43 PC-
based programs are public
domain software and may be
copied and given (not sold)
to other interested users.  Six
of the programs (*) have
been translated into Spanish.

Water
Groundwater Education
System
Surface Water Education
System
Water Efficient Landscape
Planner*
Residential Water Conserva-
tion Techniques*
Wetlands Education System
National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations
U1C Class V Injection  Wells
Wellhead Protection
Fish Contamination and Fish
Consumption Advisories
Private Water (Well) Systems
Education System*
Wastewater
Alternatives for Unsewered
Communities
Wastewater Treatment and
Disposal with Septic Systems
Compliance Maintenance
Annual Report (CMAR 2.0)

Sustainable Agriculture
Agricultural Pollution
Prevention
Best Management Practices
for Soil Erosion
Soil and Geologic Site
Evaluation
Petroleum Storage Practices
on the Farm

Pesticide Usage Guidelines

Fertilizer Storage  and
Handling Practices on the
Farm*
Livestock Yards Management
Livestock Waste Manage-
ment
Milking Center Wastewater
Management
Pesticide Storage and
Handling Practices on the
Farm*

Solid Waste and Toxics
Lead in the Environment
The Lead Contamination
Information System
RCRA Corrective Action
Programs
Municipal Solid Waste Fact
book(W)
RCRA Boiler & Industrial
Furnace Waste Disposal
Air and Radiation
Indoor Air Quality
Residential Energy
Efficiency(W)
Stratospheric Ozone Deple-
tion

Habitat and Miscellaneous
Environmental Assessment
Resource Guide(W)

Wetlands Education System
Electronic Wetlands
Herbarium(W)
Pollution Prevention
Comparative Risk Assess-
ment
Heart to Heart (Personal
Health & Diet)
(W)= Program requires
Windows (TM) 3.1 or better.
International Cleaner
Production Information
Clearinghouse (ICPIC)

Contact: Miles Morse,
  Office of Research
  and Development
  Tel: (202)260-3161
  Fax:  (202)260-4524

The International Cleaner
Production Information
Clearinghouse (ICPIC) is a
computerized information
exchange system of the
United Nations Environment
Program (UNEP) Cleaner
Production Program, based
on U.S. EPA's Pollution
Prevention Information
Exchange System (PIES).
ICPIC is designed to transfer
technical policy, program,
legislative, and financial
expertise on cleaner
production.
                     14

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National Small Flows
Clearinghouse

Contact: Peter Casey,
  Program Coordinator
  West Virginia University/
  P.O. Box 6064
  Morgantown, WV 26506-
  6064
  Tel: (304) 293-4191
  Fax:(304)293-3161

The National Small Flows
Clearinghouse (NSFC)
collects, classifies, and
distributes information on
innovative alternative
wastewater treatment
technologies for rural
residents and small commu-
nities.  The NSFC produces
two quarterly newsletters
and a refereed journal,
offers more than 250
informational products,
operates a technical
assistance and referral
information line, and
maintains a computer
bulletin board system called
the Wastewater Treatment
Information Exchange. An
information packet that
more fully describes  the
program is available at no
cost.
03 Partnerships Program

Contact: Gary McNeil,
   Director
   OB Partnerships Program
   Office of Air and Radiation
   Tel: (202) 233-9173
   Fax: (202) 233-9637

The O3 Partnerships Prgram,
part of EPA's Stratospheric
Protection Division, works
with developing country
governments and industry
countries in reducing their use
of ozone-depleting chemicals
(ODS). The program has four
key goals: (1) focus assistance
on the priorities of the
national government officials
responsible for implementing
the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer, and on the
requirements of each indus-
trial enterprise selected by the
government to receive
assistance, (2) achieve
measurable, cost-effective
reductions in ODS use, (3)
reduce ODS use through
sustained efforts  in the context
of comprehensive strategies
for each industrial application,
and (4) foster relationships
among EPA, the host govern-
ment and other agencies to
assure the success of the
program.  The Program's work
in a country begins with the
needs of the government.
Based on these needs, the
Program tailors its services to
help develop individual
projects and industry-wide
comprehensive plans to
reduce ODS emissions in
specific applications, such as
foam-blowing or solvent
cleaning.  Often the Program
can help companies locate
appropriate vendors of ozone-
safe technologies.  In most
instances, EPA can also work
directly with ODS-firms in the
country.
Pollution Prevention
Information
Clearinghouse (PPIC)

Contact: Beth Anderson,
  Pollution Prevention
  Division
  or Documents,
  Reference and Referral
  Tel:  (202)260-1023
  Fax: (202)260-0178

The Pollution Prevention
Information Clearinghouse
(PPIC) is dedicated to
reducing or eliminating
industrial pollutants
through technology transfer,
education, and public
awareness. The Clearing-
house is a free,
nonregulatory service of the
U.S. EPA, and provides the
following services: tele-
phone reference  and
referral, document distribu-
tion for selected EPA
documents and a special
collection available for
interlibrary loan.
Technical Guidance
Documents

Contact:
  Dr. James E. Smith, Jr.,
  Senior Environmental
  Engineer
  EPA Center for Environ-
  mental Resarch Information
  Cincinnati, OH 45268
  Tel: (513)569-7355
  Fax: (513)569-7585
The purpose of these docu-
ments, prepared by EPA
experts in consultation with
the international scientific
community and end use
customers, is to provide brief
and easy-to-read information
on a range of different
environmental issues,
including:

• Metal Processing Wastes

• Tannery Wastes

• Waste Oils

• Spent Solvents

• Lead-Acid Batteries

• Seafood Processing

• Design and Operation of
  Common Effluent Treatment
  Plants

• Design and Operation of
  Hazardous Waste
  Treatment Centers
                                                                                        15

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RESOURCES
Technical Information
Packages

Contact: Mark Kasman,
  Office of
  International Activities
  Tel: (202)260-0424
  Fax:  (202)260-4470

EPA offers a set of Technical
Information Packages (TIPs)
on environmental issues of
most concern to developing
countries and economies in
transition. Consolidating
some of the Agency's best
information into mini-
resource libraries, each TIP
begins with a cover brochure
providing an overview of the
particular issue along with a
list of EPA experts, a more
extensive bibliography, and
information on accessing
existing databases and
training opportunities.
Accompanying the cover
brochure are some of the
most important source
document provided more
detailed information on
environmental and health
effects, relevant standards
and regulations, and appro-
priate technologies and
management options.
  TIPs has been placed in
120 countries. A Directory
of TIPs is available to locate
the sets placed around the
world.  Each full set of TIPs
weighs 250 pounds. A
limited number of sets are
available for placement in
Information centers overseas.
These sets will only be
donated to information series
willing to accept the full
series, provide wide access,
and able to pay for the
shipment. EPA is currently
converting TIPS to a compact
disk format.
EPA has prepared TIPs on:
• Ensuring Safe Drinking
  Water
•Water Quality
• Mining Waste
  Management
• Risk Assessment
• Pesticide Waste Disposal
• Pesticide Usage
  Guidelines
• Air Quality Management
  Pollution Prevention
• Small Community
  Wastewater Systems
• Hazardous Waste
  Management
• EPA Information Sources
• Solid Waste Disposal
• Environmental Impact
  Assessments
• Environmental
  Management
Country and Region-
Specific Programs
EPA's bilateral and regional
work is a critical component
of its international technol-
ogy programs.  Below are
the EPA contact points for
specific countries and
regions.

Australia/New Zealand
Program Manager:
George Patrick
Tel: (202) 260-4886
Fax:(202)260-8512

Canada
Program Manager:
Pete Christich
Tel: (202) 260-4893
Fax:(202)260-8512

Caribbean Islands/Central
America
Program Manager:
Paul Almeida
Tel: (202) 260-6653
Fax:(202)401-0140

Central and Eastern Europe
Program Manager:
Anna Phillips
Tel: (202) 260-6341
Fax: (202) 260-4506

Program Manager:
Dan Thompson
Tel: (202) 260-5224
Fax: (202) 260-4506

China/Hong Kong/Taiwan
Program Manager
Jentai Yang
Tel:(202) 260-6508
Fax:(202) 260-0053

Program Manager
Marianne Bailey
Tel:(202) 260-5237
Fax:(202) 260-4470

Egypt
 Program Manager:
Dave Strother
Tel: (202) 260-6513
Fax:(202)260-8512
India
Program Manager:
George Patrick
Tel: (202) 260-4886
Fax:(202)260-8512

Japan
Program Manager:
David H. Strother
Tel: (202) 260-6513
Fax:(202)260-8512

Korea
Program Manager:
Jentai Yang
Tel: (202) 260-6508
Fax: (202) 260-0053

Mexico
Program Manager
Pam Teel
Tel: (202) 260-4896
Fax:(202)401-0140

Program Manager:
Patrick Whelan
Tel: (202) 260-0769
Fax:(202)401-0140

Russia/New Independent
States
Program Manager:
Bill Freeman
Tel: (202) 260-3508
Fax: (202) 260-4470

South Africa
Program Manager:
Marsha Coleman-Adebayo
Tel: (202) 260-3826
Fax:(202)260-8512

South America
Program Manager:
Cam Hill-Macon
Tel: (202) 260-6009
Fax: (202) 260-4470

Southeast Asia
Program Manager:
Mark Kasman
Tel: (202) 260-0424
Fax: (202) 260-4470

Western Europe
Program Manager:
Kelly Jacobs Mudd
Tel: (202) 260-6506
Fax:(202)260-8512
                     16

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The Office of International Activities would like to thank Martin Dieu,
Maria Gonzalez and Sarita Hoyt for their work in putting this brochure together.

World Bank photos on pages 1,3,4 and 7.

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