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Message From The Administrator
I am proud to present EPA's five-year strategic plan, The New Genera-
tion of Environmental Protection. This plan represents the combined in-
sight, energy, and forward thinking of EPA's senior leadership, employ-
ees, and its stakeholders as they define the Agency's role and direction into
the next century. This plan lays out the guiding principles that EPA will
emphasize as it works to achieve the goal of a sustainable environment and
economy: ecosystem protection; environmental justice; pollution preven-
tion; strong science and data; partnerships; reinventing EPA management;
and environmental accountability. I believe that we can achieve the goals
we have set for ourselves by working with our partners and following these
guiding principles. If we achieve what is detailed in this plan, we surely
will pass on to our children a better world than we inherited.
The New Generation of Environmental Protection is the first step in a plan-
ning process that will continue to involve EPA's partners in environmental
protection. A critical part of this process will be the availability of sound
environmental programmatic and fiscal information that will guide our fu-
ture management and resource decisions. EPA will revisit its strategic plan
and update it, where appropriate, to ensure that the Agency is focusing its
efforts and resources most productively.
This is an exciting time for EPA as it charts new directions in environ-
mental protection. This plan provides us with a shared vision of our future
and points us towards greater opportunities to harmonize environmental
protection and economic growth. In the spirit of partnership embodied in
this plan, I encourage your comments, participation, and continued assess-
ment of the plan and its implementation.
Carol M. Browner
This is a summary of EPA's Strategic Plan, The Neiv Generation of
Environmental Protection. For information on how to order the full plan,
please see the last page of this pamphlet.
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
Introduction
ryihe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is at a crossroads in its
I history. The world is rapidly changing, and the Agency's understand-
-1- ing of the environment is rapidly increasing. The methods EPA has
used to protect the environment over the past two decades will not, by them-
selves, be sufficient in the future.
The changes at EPA will be many—changes in thinking, changes in pri-
orities, changes in programs, and changes in the makeup and training of
personnel. This long-term strategic plan is a blueprint for change at EPA.
The New Generation of Environmental Protection will guide the Agency's plan-
ning, resource allocation, and decisionmaking processes over the next five
years (1995—1999). The plan sets direction for the changes that will shape
EPA's environmental agenda into the next century.
EPA will be guided by a set of seven principles that apply to all pro-
grams and activities. These principles are the core of EPA's strategic plan.
Guiding Principles
Ecosystem Protection
Environmental Justice
Pollution Prevention
Strong Science and Data
Partnerships
Reinventing EPA Management
Environmental Accountability
EPA's Challenge
EPA was established in 1970 in response to growing concerns about unhealthy
air, polluted rivers, unsafe drinking water, endangered species, and waste dis-
posal. Congress gave EPA responsibility for implementing an ambitious set of
federal environmental laws. The laws have grown in number and broadened
in scope over time, and the Agency's administrative and programmatic struc-
ture has evolved to mirror these legislative responsibilities.
Over the past two decades, the implementation of federal laws has con-
tributed to improvements in environmental quality in this country. In vir-
tually every American city, the air is cleaner than it was 25 years ago. Water
quality in thousands of miles of rivers and streams is much improved. Hun-
New Generation of Environmental Protection
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dreds of hazardous waste sites are being cleaned up, and the use of several
especially hazardous chemicals has been restricted or banned entirely. The
United States is proud of this record of environmental accomplishment, and
EPA is proud of the role it has played.
Still, as the end of the 20th century draws near, it is clear that the envi-
ronmental policies and programs that served so well in the past will not be
as effective in the future. Over the past quarter century, scientific under-
standing of the environment has improved. Because of technological ad-
vances, new options are available for solving old problems. Some new prob-
lems, like the cumulative effects of multiple pollutant exposures on people,
are just beginning to be understood—they are not so obvious as past prob-
lems, nor are the solutions as apparent.
EPA's past experience with environmental policy has given the Agency
a better sense of what works to protect the environment, and what does not
work. For example, the command-and-control regulations that played such
an important role during the Agency's first 20 years have proven to be blunt
instruments—overcontrolling in some instances, undercontrolling in oth-
ers. As a consequence, EPA is beginning to look at new, non-regulatory
mechanisms for protecting the environment, mechanisms that build on regu-
latory requirements but go beyond them by encouraging voluntary actions
as well.
EPA's emphasis on integrated, cross-media programs that target geo-
graphical areas is growing. In the past, the Agency's division into air, water,
and land programs led EPA to overlook both the cross-media effects of some
pollution problems and the potential for new kinds of cross-media programs.
The Agency now is beginning to tailor its programs to meet the environ-
mental needs of specific places. These "customized" programs are combin-
ing traditional enforcement of environmental law with a new commitment
to voluntary pollution preven-
tion.
In short, as EPA prepares for
a future that will bring new, un-
anticipated problems and the
need for more creative solutions,
it is committing itself to new ways
of protecting the environment.
While renewing its dedication to
traditional environmental goals,
the Agency recognizes that the
achievement of those goals de-
mands innovation and flexibility.
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
The Need For Strategic Planning
This plan is meant to give EPA's employees, Congress, and the American
people a sense of where the Agency is headed. This plan also is intended to
bring cohesion and common direction to the diverse, multi-faceted programs
that EPA administers, so that the effectiveness of the Agency as a whole is
greater than the sum of its parts. Some programs are required by law; some
are initiated by EPA in response to the Agency's sense of environmental
needs and opportunities. Taken together, all of the programs are intended
to protect the environment on which human health, vital natural ecosys-
tems, and a robust economy depend.
EPA's Vision
EPA envisions a world in which:
> All individuals and institutions value the environment and choose to
act in a manner that ensures achievement of sustainable environmental
and economic goals.
>• The natural balance of all living things is no longer threatened, and all
individuals—rich and poor, young and old—share in the benefits of a
healthy environment.
EPA will strive to become an Agency recognized for:
>• Leadership in environmental protection and environmental science—
domestically and worldwide.
>• Strong and effective working relationships with its partners in envi-
, ronmental protection.
>• Integrity in the stewardship of its resources and the management of its
programs.
EPA's Mission
The people who work at the Environmental Protection Agency are dedi-
cated to improving and preserving the environment in this country and
around the globe. Highly skilled and culturally diverse, we work with our
partners to protect human health, ecosystems, and the beauty of our envi-
ronment using the best available science. We value and promote innovative
and effective solutions to environmental problems. We strive to protect and
sustain the productivity of the natural resources on which all life and hu-
man activity depend.
New Generation of Environmental Protection
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EPA's Guiding Principles
E
PA will be guided by a set of seven principles that apply to all pro-
grams and activities. These principles are the core of EPA's strategic
plan.
Ecosystem Protection
The United States and other parts of the world are experiencing a serious
loss of essential natural resources. If this trend continues, this loss will re-
sult in a long-term threat to the nation's economic prosperity, security, and
the sustainability of remaining ecological systems. Because EPA has con-
centrated on issuing permits, establishing pollutant limits, and setting na-
tional standards, as required by law, the Agency has not paid enough atten-
tion to the overall environmental health of specific ecosystems. In short,
EPA has been program-driven rather than place-driven.
EPA must collaborate with other federal, tribal, state and local agencies,
as well as private partners, to achieve the ultimate goal of healthy, sustain-
able ecosystems. The Agency will act to solve integrated environmental
problems through a place-driven framework of ecosystem protection and
in close partnership with others. This approach will match environmental
management with human needs, consider long-term ecosystem health, and
highlight the positive correlation between economic prosperity and envi-
ronmental well-being.
Objectives
Within five years, the Agency will upgrade its ability to protect, maintain,
and restore the ecological integrity of the nation's lands and waters, includ-
ing human health, urban areas, and plant and animal species, by adopting a
place-driven focus.
Strategies
The work of the Agency will be driven by the environmental needs of com-
munities and ecosystems. For any given "place," EPA will work with oth-
ers to establish a process for determining long-term ecological, economic,
and social needs and reorient its work to meet those needs. The ecosystem
approach requires coordinated, integrated action by federal, state, tribal,
and local agencies, between government and private enterprises, and most
importantly, between government and the people for whom services are
being provided. EPA will enlist the support of a spectrum of participants in
priority-setting and decisionmaking processes. In addition, EPA must work
to increase the availability and facilitate the flow of this information in or-
der to empower individuals and communities.
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
To move toward an encompassing, place-driven approach, EPA, work-
ing with appropriate partners, must:
>• Identify stressed or threatened ecosystems;'
>• Define environmental goals and indicators;
> Develop and implement a joint action plan based on sound science;
> Measure progress and adapt management to new information over time;
and
>• Identify tools and support that can be provided at a national level.
New Generation of Environmental Protection
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Environmental Justice
The remedies EPA adopted to upgrade environmental quality during the
past two decades did not always benefit all communities or all populations
within a community equally. Many minority, low-income, and Native Ameri-
can communities have raised concerns that they suffer a disproportionate
burden of health consequences due to the siting of industrial plants and
waste dumps, and from exposures to pesticides or other toxic chemicals at
home and on the job and that environmental programs do not adequately
address these disproportionate exposures.
EPA is committed to address these concerns and is assuming a leader-
ship role in environmental justice initiatives to enhance environmental qual-
ity for all residents of the United States. Incorporating environmental jus-
tice into "everyday" Agency activities and decisions will be a major under-
taking. Fundamental reform will be needed in Agency operations
Objectives
The Agency looks ahead to the time when:
>• No segment of the population, regardless of race, color, national origin,
or income, as a result of the EPA's policies, programs, and activities
bears disproportionately high and adverse human health and environ-
mental effects, and all people live in clean and sustainable communi-
ties.
>• Stakeholders are educated and empowered to ensure improved public
participation in and access to information on environmental and hu-
man health issues.
Strategies
To achieve its environmental justice objectives, the Agency intends to:
>• Make sure environmental justice is part of all the Agency's programs,
policies, and activities;
> Identify methodologies, research, and data needed to identify and evalu-
ate populations at disproportionately high environmental or human
health risks, and ensure that these needs are considered in developing
the overall federal research program;
>• Use currently available data systems to identify and prioritize how the
Agency can most effectively support the needs of affected communities
and populations;
> Target compliance monitoring, inspections, and enforcement in coop-
eration with stakeholders; and
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
>• Promote outreach, communication, and partnerships with stakehold-
ers, and ensure sufficient access for stakeholders to training, informa-
tion, and education.
New Generation of Environmental Protection
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Pollution Prevention
The Agency, and the nation as a whole, focus most of their efforts on solv-
ing environmental problems long after they have been created—when so-
lutions are more likely to be costly and less likely to be effective. Yet pollu-
tion prevention—anticipating problems and stopping them before they oc-
cur—is far more cost-effective and protective of the environment.
Objectives
During the next five years, EPA will lead the nation in reorienting efforts to
reduce and eliminate pollution at the source. Pollution prevention will be
the first strategy considered for all programs at EPA.
Strategies
The Agency will work to prevent pollution by:
^ Incorporating multimedia prevention principles into the Agency's mainstream
environmental programs;
> Strengthening partnerships with state, tribal, and local governments;
> Developing new cooperative efforts with the private sector;
>• Promoting prevention with other federal agencies;
^ Providing information to the public;
*" Encouraging technological innovation and diffusion; and
> Working to change existing environmental legislation, where necessary.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
'-••••- ;'.-H
X^jJ
New Generation of Environmental Protection
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Strong Science and Data
Sound science and data provide the foundation for EPA's environmental
protection programs. Science helps the Agency understand the processes
and practices that cause pollution, evaluate the risks that pollution poses to
humans and ecosystems, and develop technologies and policies to prevent
or mitigate risks. Without a strong knowledge base, the Agency could not
understand the causes and effects of pollution or solve environmental prob-
lems. Without the ability to access and integrate data and information from
a variety of sources, advances in scientific understanding would be limited.
Through the turn of the century, strong science and data will continue
to be critical to the environmental community. What are the best ways to
protect, and restore, the necessary functions of whole ecosystems? What
harmful pollutants are people exposed to, and how can these exposures be
reduced? What technologies and other tools can be used to prevent pollu-
tion before it happens? How can people be motivated to adopt environ-
mentally sound practices? These and other questions must be answered in
order to develop and implement effective environmental policies.
Objectives
EPA will ensure that the nation's environmental policies are based on the
best science and information available.
The Agency will expand its scientific capability to study environmental
problems, evaluate trends in environmental quality, and identify and ana-
lyze emerging environmental issues—50% of EPA's research resources will
be targeted toward long-term research efforts. EPA will improve the envi-
ronmental information infrastructure to ensure that people both inside and
outside EPA have access to timely, meaningful information. EPA will lead
in the development of environmental technologies, methods, and innova-
tive policy tools to enhance environmental quality.
Strategies
EPA will strengthen science and data by:
>• Promoting scientific excellence—in the physical, biological, engineer-
ing, and social sciences—to assure sound EPA decisions;
>• Ensuring that environmental data are accessible and useful to policy-
makers, scientists, and the public;
> Measuring environmental progress, and using the results to improve
environmental protection;
>• Guiding creation of a national and international environmental research
agenda;
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
> Establishing a new focus for EPA's research program—emphasizing re-
search that reduces uncertainties associated with risk assessment and
improves the tools for managing environmental problems;
> Expanding partnerships with the scientific community, other agencies,
and the public, including an expanded, competitive external grants pro-
gram; and
> Creating opportunities for scientific and technical achievement at EPA.
i New Generation of Environmental Protection
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Partnerships
Since the inception of EPA over 20 years ago, the nature of environmental
protection has become increasingly complex. It has become clear that all
stakeholders must work together to better the nation's environmental qual-
ity. EPA's partners in this task include Congress, other federal agencies, state
governments, tribal governments/local governments, international partners,
the private sector, and the general public.
One of EPA's principal tasks over the next five years will be to help its
partners carry out their responsibilities, working together to define respec-
tive roles. EPA will listen and be responsive, and work with its partners to
develop and implement more innovative, effective, and efficient approaches
to environmental protection and sustainable development. It also will weigh
carefully the burdens environmental controls can impose on the economy
and society at large.
Objectives
Over the next five years, EPA expects to: focus partnerships on environ-
mental results; ensure that the goals and efforts of the different members of
the environmental community are consistent and compatible; and, enhance
the capacity of partners, especially tribes and small and medium-sized busi-
nesses or governments, so they better define and meet their environmental
goals.
Strategies
To achieve its partnerships objectives, the Agency will:
>• Implement EPA's National Performance Rei'iezv recommendations to "rein-
vent" the way EPA does business with its partners, i. e., promote risk-
based priority setting, develop alternative management approaches, es-
tablish a new spirit of collaboration, simplify environmental rules and regu-
lations, and build an infrastructure for the future.
>- Foster independent partnerships between other entities.
>• Improve grants policy, process, and flexibility.
> Reduce transactional costs between EPA and its partners.
> Ensure EPA regulatory and policy activities involve partners early on
in the process.
>- Improve communications and data sharing among all partners, e.g., com-
puter bulletin boards, network data transfer.
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
New Generation of Environmental Protection
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Reinventing EPA Management
During few times in the history of the federal government has the climate
been as receptive to change in management practices as it is now. EPA has
embraced this opportunity to explore the way it does business and to make
changes for the better. The Agency realizes that to achieve its goals, it must
be totally committed to reinventing its management systems and processes
so that there is renewed and continual emphasis on quality, efficiency, and
integrity.
Objectives
EPA is striving to become one of the best managed agencies in the federal
government. The Agency is reinventing its management culture to ensure
the most effective use of its people, programs, and resources in achieving
the nation's environmental goals. EPA will carry out its work in a way that
best serves the American people and retains the public trust in its steward-
ship responsibilities. At the same time, the Agency will invest in its people
to help them understand their new roles and to equip them with the tools
they need to do their jobs well.
EPA seeks to promote and achieve:
>• Organizational changes that support customer-oriented, results-driven
approaches that allow the Agency to work quicker, more flexibly and
more responsively;
^ More effective stewardship and resource management to reassure the
public of the integrity of all of EPA's programs, activities, and informa-
tion;
>• Empowered employees who have the decisionmaking authority, ac-
countability, knowledge, and ability to achieve quality results;
>• Streamlined and realigned services, systems, and processes to better
support EPA's environmental mission and meet customer needs;
> Partnerships among EPA staff, unions, external customers, and other
stakeholders to ensure open, collegial, and participatory interaction;
and
>• Increased cultural diversity of EPA's workforce.
Strategies
EPA's senior leadership will set a clear direction for the Agency by estab-
lishing policies to bring about this cultural change. In employing this guid-
ing principle as they carry out the goals for their programs and functions,
EPA managers will:
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
> Implement NPR recommendations and streamline their processes to
realize management improvements and resource savings, and reinvest
these savings within the Agency;
> Make full use of advanced technologies to cut costs, boost productiv-
ity, enhance communications, and speed the flow of information;
>• Integrate processes for planning, budgeting, financial management,
management controls, and program evaluation;
> Identify EPA's primary customers and their needs, define and set cus-
tomer service standards, and achieve greater customer satisfaction;
> Measure performance to assess whether EPA programs and activities
are achieving their intended results, and to comply with the Govern-
ment Performance and Results Act of 1993 and the Chief Financial Officers
Act of 1990; and
> Increase mentoring, rotational, training/retraining, team-participation,
and Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) assignment opportunities
and other tools to foster and sustain employee learning and growth.
New Generation of Environmental Protection
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Environmental Accountability
EPA will stress that everyone in society is accountable for protecting and
enhancing the environment. The cornerstone of EPA's effort will be a strong
compliance and enforcement program. The Agency will promote respon-
sible environmental behavior by: setting out clear compliance requirements
for the regulated community and communicating them through compre-
hensive guidelines and technical assistance; aggressively responding to non-
compliance so violators are penalized; and encouraging others in the
regulated community to meet their obligations. In addition, the Agency will
provide information, education, and environmental data that inform the
public, and the regulated community, and promote the kind of responsible
behavior that leads to and beyond compliance with the nation's environ-
mental laws.
Objectives
During the next five years, EPA will utilize a combination of sector-based,
multimedia, and media-specific approaches to gaining compliance with the
nation's environmental statutes. EPA will develop integrated enforcement
and compliance strategies for targeting noncomplying sectors of the regu-
lated community, sensitive ecosystems, and sensitive populations, and for
fostering risked-based, multimedia, whole-facility approaches that empha-
size pollution prevention and innovative compliance techniques. In addi-
tion, EPA will reach out to its partners in states, tribes, local governments,
and the environmental community to increase their capacity for obtaining
and moving beyond compliance.
Compliance assistance approaches will be geared to those in the regu-
lated community with the will to comply but whose efforts are handicapped
by a lack of information or sophistication. This assistance, coupled with a
strong deterrence-based enforcement program, will establish the type of
climate that motivates compliance, encourages innovation, and promotes
prevention. By providing the information, education, and environmental
data necessary to inform the public and the regulated community of their
environmental responsibilities, the Agency will increase everyone's account-
ability for the protection and enhancement of the environment.
Strategies
The Agency will assure the environment is protected by:
>• Promoting Compliance;
>• Ensuring Effective Enforcement; and,
> Promoting Environmental Restoration.
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Agency-Wide Strategic Plan Summary
Related EPA Initiatives
EPA is pursuing a number of special projects designed to strengthen
the management, effectiveness, and efficiency of Agency programs
and operations. The New Generation of Environmental Protection sets
direction and provides a cohesive framework for these interdependent ef-
forts; at the same time, successful implementation of The New Generation of
Environmental Protection and its future iterations depends heavily on the
success of each of these projects and the productive integration of their re-
sults.
Together with the strategic plan, these projects will provide better infor-
mation about the management of the Agency's resources and the results of
its programs. The availability of such information will: enable managers
and policymakers to make more informed decisions concerning environ-
mental investment; provide'EPA and its partners with better information
about the effectiveness and efficiency of the Agency's efforts; and strengthen
the public's trust in EPA's ability to manage its programs and resources
effectively.
EPA's key management initiatives include the following legislative man-
dates, government reform efforts, and internal Agency activities.
> Implementation of the Government Performance and Results Act
(GPRA). GPRA holds federal agencies accountable for the tax dollars
they receive by requiring: strategic plans with long-range goals and
objectives for all programs; annual budgets, performance plans, and
indicators for each program; and annual program performance reports
that review progress toward achieving annual and long-range goals.
> Implementation of the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990 (CFO) and
the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act of 1982 (FMFIA): While
GPRA focuses on the results of programs and the success of agencies in
achieving their goals, the CFO Act and FMFIA focus on the financial
accountability of federal managers in carrying out and evaluating their
programs. Combining accountability with program results helps to ad-
dress the public's concern that their tax dollars are spent appropriately
and wisely.
> Implementation of the National Performance Review (NPR) recom-
mendations. The NPR recommendations aim "to redesign, to reinvent,
to reinvigorate" federal government and make it "both less expensive
and more efficient." Toward the same ends, EPA developed a number
of additional recommendations through an internal performance re-
view. Collectively, the recommendations cover both administrative and
programmatic areas and, in many cases, align well with the guiding
principles in this strategic plan.
New Generation of Environmental Protection
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>• Integration of information resources planning. The availability of
timely and useful information is integral to everything EPA does. Rec-
ognizing that access to information is critical to its work, EPA is strength-
ening the strategic planning of information resources management ac-
tivities on an agency-wide basis.
>> Development of national environmental indicators. To manage for
environmental results, the Agency needs meaningful, credible, and un-
derstandable indicators to measure the quality of the environment,
nationally and internationally. The Agency is working with other fed-
eral agencies to develop a set of indicators that are useful across gov-
ernment for measuring environmental quality.
>• The National Environmental Goals Project. EPA is working to pro-
duce a set of long-range, national environmental goals. As of April 1994,
the Goals Project had developed 13 broad, environmental goal areas.
The National Environmental Goals Project, and its relation to The New
Generation of Environmental Protection is describe more fully below.
EPA's Environmental Goals
One measure of EPA's success is the extent to which legislated requirements
are met. But regulations promulgated and permits issued tell only part of
the story. Ultimately, EPA's success should be measured by how well hu-
man health and ecological vitality are protected and preserved.
With this concern in mind, EPA is developing a detailed set of measur-
able, national environmental goals. A preliminary list of the broad environ-
mental goal areas is included here to identify the range of environmental
concerns critical to EPA and its partners, and to establish the Agency's com-
mitment to develop measurable environmental goals.
After a series of public meetings and discussions with Federal, State,
tribal, and local officials, EPA plans to publish the national environmental
goals on Earth Day, 1995. Beginning in 1995, future iterations of the Agency's
strategic plan will focus specifically on the nation's measurable, environ-
mental goals. Meanwhile, the Agency is developing a goals-based budget
for FY1996 using the current environmental goal areas.
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Agency-Wide Strategic-Plan Summary
National Environmental Goal Areas
(Preliminary List)
Clean Air
Clean Surface Water
Cleanup of Contaminated Sites
Climate Change
Ecological Protection
Improved Understanding of the Environment
Prevention of Oil Spills and Chemical Accidents
Prevention of Wastes and Harmful Chemical Releases
Safe Drinking Water
Safe Food
Safe Indoor Environments
Stratospheric Ozone Layer Protection
Worker Safety
|a New Generation of Environmental Protection
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Additional Information
If you would like to receive additional copies of this summary document or
the full version of EPA's strategic plan, The New Generation of Environ-
mental Protection (EPA 200-B-94-002), please contact the EPA Public Infor-
mation Center (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 3404,
Washington, D.C. 20460, phone: 202/260-7751). These documents may also
be accessed via Internet (GOPHER at Futures. WIC.EPA.GOV) and EPA's
All-In-1 Electronic Messaging System.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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