Third Session
Buffalo, New York
March 22, 1967
Volume 1
PENNSYLVANIA
OHIO
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
POLLUTION OF LAKE ERIE
AND ITS TRIBUTARIES
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration U. S. Department of the Interior L
ATE
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CONTENTS
PAGE
Opening Statement
by Murray Stein
Hon. R. D. McCarthy (by Mrs. R. D. Fierstein) 12
M. E. Welsh 16
H. W. Poston 27
G. W. Cook 33
Col. R. W. Neff 54
G. L. Harlow 60
W. A. Lyon 124
P. Miller 152
R. Purdy 181
G. H. Eagle 208
D. Metzler 281
R. D. Hennigan 28?
J. McMahon 466
C. B. Proudfoot 474
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Third Session of the Conference in the Matter of
Pollution of the Interstate and Ohio Intrastate Waters of
Lake Erie and its Tributaries (Indiana-Michigan-New York-
Ohio-Pennsylvania), held at the Statler-Hilton Hotel,
Buffalo, New York, on March 22, 1967, at 9:30 a.m.
PRESIDING:
Mr. Murray Stein, Assistant Commissioner
for Enforcement, Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration, Department of the
Interior.
CONFEREES:
Robert D. Hennigan, Assistant Commissioner,
New York State Department of Health, Division
of Pure Waters
Dwight Metzler, Deputy Commissioner, New York
State Department of Health, Division of Pure
Waters
George H. Eagle, Chief Engineer, Ohio Department
of Health, Columbus, Ohio
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CONFEREES (Continued): .
Loring P. Oeming, Executive Secretary,
Michigan Water Resources Commission
Blucher A. Poole, Technical Secretary, Indiana
Stream Pollution Control Board, Indianapolis,
Indiana
Walter A. Lyon, Director, Division of Sanitary
Engineering, Pennsylvania Department of Health
H. W. Poston, Regional Director, Great Lakes
Region, Federal Water Pollution Control Adminis-
tration, Department of the Interior, Chicago,
Illinois
PARTICIPRNTS;
Hon. Richard D. McCarthy, Member of Congress
from the 39th Congressional District of the State of New York
(statement read by Mrs. Robert Fierstein)
Grover W. Cook, Chief of Enforcement, Great
Lakes Region, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Department of the Interior, Chicago, Illinois
Colonel R. Wilson Neff, District Engineer, Corps
of Engineers, Department of the Army
George L1. Harlow, Director, Lake Erie Program
Office, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
Department of the Interior, Cleveland, Ohio
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3
PARTICIPANTS (Continued):
Perry Miller, Assistant Director, Division of
Sanitary Engineering, Indiana State Board of Health,
Indianapolis, Indiana
Ralph Purdy, Chief Engineer, Michigan Water
Resources Commission, Lansing, Michigan
John McMahon, Regional Engineer, Division of
Water Resources, New York State Department of Conservation
Charles B. Proudfoot, Niagara Palls, New York
Larry Miller, Regional Sanitary Engineer,
Pennsylvania Department of Health, Meadville, Pennsylvania
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3-A
LIST OF ATTENDANCE;
Robert Altavies, Executive Secretary, Chautaqua
Econ. Dev., Chautaqua County, Mayville, New York, Box 156
Mrs. Robert T. Basnett, League of Women Voters,
130 Catherine, Williamsville, New York 1U221
L. F. Birkel, Staff Engineer, Republic Steel,
Cleveland, Ohio
R. W. Brown, Dir. Cent. Research, Hammer-mill Paper
Company, Erie, Pennsylvania
Charles G. Bueltman, Technical Director, Soap
and Detergent Association, 485 Madison Avenue, New York,
New York
Linda Carter, Sr. San. Chemist, New York State
Department of Health, Buffalo, New York
D. S. Caverly, General Mgr., Ontario Water
Resources Commission, 201 Bian Street, Toronto, Canada
C. R. Chinnock, Chief Plant Engineer, Hanna
Furnace Corporation, P. 0. Box 4120, Buffalo
Ralph G. Christensen, Supv. Microbiologist,
Acting Deputy Director, Detroit River Lak, Erie Project,
Grosse Pointe, Michigan
Grover W. Cook, Chief Enforcement, G L Region,
FWPCA, 33 E. Congress, Chicago, Illinois
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3-B
LIST OF ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED);
Robert V. Day, Senior Engineer, Western Electric
Company, Inc., 222 Broadway, New York, New York 10038
William R. Diem, Reporter, Cleveland Plain Deal-
er, l801 Superior Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio
A. W. Dold, Mgr, Business Service, Buffalo Area,
Chamber of Commerce, 238 Main Street, Buffalo, New York
14202
Thomas M. Donochue, McGraw Hills' Air and Water
News, 330 West 42nd Street, New York, New York
George H, Eagle, Chief Engineer, Ohio Department
of Health, 450 E. Town Street, Columbus, Ohio
Kenvin H. Ferber, Tech. Manager, Allied Chemical
Corporation, Buffalo Avenue Plant, Box 1069, Buffalo, New
York 14240
Theodore J. Pinnegan, Attorney, Niagara Mohawk
Power Company, 1200 Electric Building, Buffalo, New York
14203
Edward J, Fox, Pollution Chairman, Locksley Tax-
payers Association, 28 Oxforoter, Hamburg, New York
W. L. Gadd, Chemist, National Steel Corporation,
Weirton, West Virginia 26062
Paul Cygan, Chief Bureau of Sewers, Erie, Pennsyl-
vania
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3-C
LIST OF ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED);
Edwin E. Geldreich, Research Microbiologist,
FWPCA, Cincinnati Water Research Laboratory, 4676 Columbia
Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226
James A. Gonck, Supervisor, Effluent Control,
Ind. Chemical Division, Allied Chemical Corporation, Box
1069, Buffalo, New York 14240
Louis J. Gugliuzza, Sr. San. Chemist, Buffalo Sewer
Association, Ft. West Ferry Street, Buffalo, New York 14213
George L. Harlow, Director, Lake Erie Prog. Off.,
FWPCA, 21929 Lorain Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44126
Robert P. Hartley, Chief Surveillance Section,
FWPCA, 2192Q Lorain Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44126
Robert D. Hennigan, Assistant Commissioner, Division
of Pure Waters, New York State Department of Health, 84 Hall-
mark Avenue, Albany, New York
R. L. Hickey, New York State Department of Com-
merce, Buffalo, New York
Mrs. S. D. Kiggins, Lake Erie Basin Committee,
League of Women Voters, Scherer & Ward Roads, Orchard
Park, New York 14127
L. C. Jugle, Pollution Control. Supervisor,
Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics, 137-47th Street,
Niagara Falls, New York
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3-D
BIST OF ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED);
W. H. Jukkola, Technical Coordinator Ind. Wastes
Control, Jones & Laughlln Steel Corporation, 3 Gateway
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Richard Kressin, Chief Chemist, Buffalo Sewer
Authority, Buffalo, New York 14213
L. R. Kumnick, Loss and Waste Control Engineer,
Sun Oil Company, P. 0. Box 920, Toledo, Ohio 43601
James L. Kerwin, Reporter, Detroit News, 615 North
Lafayette, Detroit, Michigan
W. C. Lang, Manager, Chemical Engineer, General
Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio
Arthur C. Lyman, Engineer, Western Electric Com-
pany, P. 0. Station B, Buffalo, New York
John H. Bunz, Secretary, Erie County Federal of
Sportsmans Club, 1190 Parkhurst Boulevard, Tonawanda, New
York
Kenneth M. Mackenthun, Aquatic Biologist, United
States Department of the Interior, Cincinnati, Ohio
Kevin D. Mahar, Sales Manager, Donner Hanna Coke
Corporation, Buffalo, Mew York
Mr. H. Mandell, Senior Engineer, D, T. W., City of
Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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3-E
LIST OF ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED);
Edward J. Martin, Acting Chief, Pollution Control
Anol. Bd., FWPCA, Washington, D. C.
Mr. John McMahon, Regional Engineer, New York
State Conservation Department, West Seneca, New York
Dwight P. Metzler, Deputy Commissioner, New York
State Health Department, Albany, New York
Mrs. Charles A. Michael, League of Women Voters,
Williamsville, New York
Mrs. G. D. Moore, League of Women Voters,
Williamsville, New York
Mrs. H. T. Moore, League of Women Voters, Chardon,
Ohio
Mr. Larry Miller, Regional Sanitary Engineer,
Pennsylvania Department of Health, Meadville, Pennsylvania
Mr. Perry Miller, Assistant Director, Division of
Sanitary Engineering, Indiana State Board of Health, Indiana-
polis, Indiana
Carl C. Mirus, Project Manager, Pollution Abatement,
Allied Chemical Corporation, Buffalo, New York
Lawrence R. Moriarty, Deputy Director, LOPO, FWPCA,
Rochester, New York
Loring F. Oeming, Executive Secretary, Michigan
Water Resources Commission, Lansing, Michigan
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3-F
" LIST OF ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Dr. Paul Olynyk, Associate Professor, Cleveland
State University, Cleveland, Ohio
Beucher A. Poole, Technical Secretary, Indiana
Stream Pollution Control Board, Indianapolis, Indiana
Chris Potos, Chief Chemist, Buffalo, New York:
Charles B. Proudfoot, Niagara Falls, New York
Mr. Ralph Purdy, Chief Engineer, Michigan Water
Resources Commission, Lansing, Michigan
Mrs. David P. Rieman, Jr., League of Women Voters,
Hamburg, New York
Mr. Robert W. Ruch, Mechanical Engineering, N.A.S.A.
Plum Brook Station, Sandusky, Ohio
Mr. Melvin Ruszaj, Chemist, FWPCA, I.J.C. Field
Unit, Buffalo, New York
Eugene F. Seebold, Regional Director, Public
Health Engineering, New York State Department of Health,
Buffalo, New York
Mrs. Richard Smith, League of Women Voters,
Cleveland, Ohio
Mrs. Charles Stebbins, League of Women Voters,
Rocky River, Ohio
W. E. Stahlka, System Ifydraulic Engineer, Niagara
Mohawk, Buffalo, New York
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LIST OF ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Michael J. Stankewich, Director, Environmental
Health, Erie County Health Department, Buffalo, Hew York
Edward P. Stevenson, Facility Engineer, NASA,
Cleveland, Ohio
Donald B. Stevens, Chief, Research and Develop-
ment, New York State Department of Health, Albany, Mev/ York
Gerald Strobel, Assistant Sanitary Engineer, NYSCJ)
DWR, West Seneca, IIev; York
Paul N Sutton, Dow Chemical Company, Midland,
Michigan
John S. Tygert, Project Engineer, Mew York State
Department of Health, Buffalo, New York
John J. Toth, Erie County Department of Health,
Erie, Pennsylvania
Louis M. Violanti, New York State Health Depart-
ment, Buffalo, New York
Fred A. Voege, Assistant General Manager, Ontario
Water Resources Commission, Toronto, Ontario
Anthony T, Voell, New York State Department of
Health, Buffalo, New York
George H. Wat kins, Executive Director, Lake Erie
Watershed Conservation Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
A. w. West, FWPCA, Cincinnati, Ohio
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3-H
LIST OF ATTENDANCE (CONTINUED):
Mrs. R. J. Winzler, League of Women Voters,
Snyder, New York
Alois Zasada, Superintendent, City of Erie, Erie,
Pennsylvania
Everett F. Zurn, Water Pollution Control Advisory
Board, Wash., Erie, Pennsylvania
William J. Riley, FWPCA, Chicago, Illinois
Adel Wagner (Miss) FWPCA, Lake Erie Program
Office, Cleveland, Ohio
Miss Carolyn Gazdik, FWPCA, Lake Erie Program
Office, Cleveland, Ohio
L. E. Townsend, Director, Lake Erie Program Office,
FWPCA, Rochester, New York
George G. McKnight, Office of Planning Coordination,
Western New York Office, Buffalo, New York
Herbert Anderson, Director, Buffalo Field Unit,
FWPCA, Buffalo, New York
Frank Hall, Assistant Chief, Enforcement, FWPCA,
GLR, Chicago, Illinois
Rheta Piere, FWPCA, Washington, D. C.
Glenn D. Pratt, FWPCA, Lake Erie Program Office,
Fairview Park, Ohio
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Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
PROCEEDINGS
OPENING STATEMENT
BY
MR. MURRAY STEIN
MR. STEIN: The conference is open.
This conference in the matter of pollution of
Lake Erie and its tributaries in the States of Michigan,
Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York is being held under
the provisions of Section 10 of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act, as amended. The Secretary of the Interior is
authorized to call a conference of this type when requested
to do so by the Governor of a State, and when on the basis
of reports, surveys or studies he has reason to believe that
pollution subject to abatement under the Act is occurring.
In a letter dated June 11, 1965, Governor James
A. Rhodes of Ohio requested that a conference be called to
consider pollution of Lake Erie. In accordance with this
request, as well as on the basis of reports, surveys, or
studies, a Federal-State enforcement conference was held on
August 3-5, 1965, at Cleveland, Ohio, and on August 10-12,
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Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
at Buffalo, New York. In addition, a third meeting of the
conferees was held on June 22, 1966.
As you can appreciate, we are covering a wide
area involving five States. This is one of the largest
Federal conferences we have had in the number of States in-
volved, or probably the second largest, the only larger one
being the whole Colorado River of 1,^00 miles of mainstem and
60 tributaries. Next to that, this is the largest. We hold
conferences in each of the States in turn and are in Buffalo
for this session.
As specified in Section 10 of the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act, the official water pollution control
agencies of Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and New
York have b-^en notified of this conference. The State of
Indiana has designated as its conferee Mr. Blucher Poole;
the conferee for the State of Michigan is Mr. Loring Oeming;
Ohio will be represented by Mr. George Eagle; Pennsylvania
will be represented by Mr. Walter Lyon; and New York will be
represented by Mr. Dwight Metzler and Mr. Robert Hennigan.
The Federal conferee is Mr. II. W. Poston, who is
Director for this region of the Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration of the Department of the Interior, with
headquarters in Chicago, Illinois.
My name is Murray Stein, and I am from headquarters of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration in
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Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
Washington, D. C., and the representative of Secretary Udall.
The parties to this conference are the Indiana
Stream Pollution Board, the Michigan Water Resources Commis-
sion, the Ohio Water Pollution Control Board, the Pennsylvania
Department of Health, the New York State Department of Health,
and the U. S. Department of the Interior. Participation in
this conference will be open to representatives and invitees
of these agencies and such persons as inform me that they
wish to present statements. However, only the representatives
of the official State water pollution control agencies and
the U. S. Department of the Interior constitute the conferees.
The first two sessions of the conference concerning
pollution of Lake Erie were held August 3-5, 1965, and
August 10-12, 1965. At the August 10-12 session the con-
ferees unanimously concluded that "Lake Erie and many of its
tributaries are polluted. The main body of the Lake has
deteriorated in quality at a rate many times greater than
its normal aging processes, due to inputs of wastes resulting
from the activities of man. The identified pollutants
contributing to the damage to water uses in Lake Erie are
sewage and industrial wastes, oils, silts, sediment, floating
solids, and nutrients (phosphates and nitrates). Enrichment
of Lake Erie, caused by man-made contributions of nutrient
materials is proceeding at a rather rapid rate. Pollution
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7
Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
in Lake Erie and many of its tributaries causes significant
damage to recreation, commercial fishing, sport fishing,
navigation, water supply and aesthetic values." Further, the
conferees agreed that many sources cf waste discharge reaching
Lake Erie have inadequate treatment facilities.
To -abate this pollution of Lake Erie, the conferees
representing the five States affecting the Lake unanimously
agreed to a program of remedial action. Included in this action
program is the recommendation that "municipal wastes are to be
given secondary treatment or treatment of such nature as to
effectuate the maximum reduction of biochemical oxygen demand
and phosphates as well as other deleterious substances." And
disinfection of municipal waste effluents is to be practiced so
that coliform densities are reduced to recommended levels.
For industrial wastes, the conferees recommended that
practices for the segregation and treatment of waste are to be
improved to effect the maximum reductions of a variety of
industrial waste substances. Just to show you the complex
nature of the problem, I think I will go through the list:
1. Acids and alkalies
2. Oil and tarry substances
3. Phenolic compounds and organic chemicals that
contribute to taste and odor problems
4. Ammonia and other nitrogenous compounds
5. Phosphorous compounds
6. Suspended material
7. Toxic and highly colored wastes
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8
Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
8. Oxygen demanding substances
9. Excessive heat
10. Foam-producing discharges
11. Other wastes which detract from recreational
uses, esthetic enjoyment or other beneficial
uses of the water.
On June 22, 1966, the conferees met to consider
reports from the State water pollution control agencies on
time schedules to implement this program of remedial action.
The State of Michigan submitted a detailed time
schedule which was reviewed and approved by the Secretary of
the Interior. Michigan's schedule calls for completion of
construction of the municipal facilities by November 1970
and the industrial waste treatment facilities by January
1969, in the Detroit River area.
Michigan has made heroic strides in this direction
and has had a very active program to accomplish the result.
I would like to point out for the benefit of the
people here from the other States that we did have an enforce-
ment conference on the Detroit River several years before we
initiated the conference on Lake Erie, which took in the
Detroit River, so we had some sort of a head start on the
Detroit River.
But, considering the magnitude of the job, I think
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Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
Michigan performed a water pollution control abatement job
which I regard as second to none. There might be other Jobs
as complex, but certainly not any more complex in a metro-
politan industrial area. Michigan has stipulations from,
I believe, Detroit and several other cities, and more than
30 industries in the area, and if you look at the industries,
it runs like the Who's Who of American Business.
They really have done a magnificent job in the
area. I am sure that the other States will follow suit in
their areas.
This third conference session has been called
for the purpose of receiving and considering reports from the
States of Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York, as well
as Michigan, because there are some other areas there, on
detailed time schedules for construction of treatment facili-
ties on a plant by plant basis. We will also review progress
toward compliance with all the conference recommendations in
the five States concerned here.
In addition to that, the conferees established a
Technical Committee to look into the nutrient problem of the
lake and various other problems of Lake Erie. We, I expect,
will hear a report from that Technical Committee today, and
I think this may be an area of vital concern.
In coming here, I have just come back from the
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10
Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
Twin Cities area, Minneapoils-St. Paul. Ti-^e question asked
there was — by the way, we came up with a time schedule
within three or four years there -- "If we put in a remedial
works, will the river be as good as new?" The answer to
that is that once they put it into the works and you get a
couple of spring runoffs down the Mississippi, that river
will be fairly well scoured. Considering the industry and
the amount of people within the area of that river, we expect
the Mississippi River and its tributaries there, the
Minnesota and the St. Croix, to be in pretty good shape.
We have a much more difficult problem — and this
should be pointed out -- in dealing with lake pollution. We
have an aging process going on in Lake Erie. A good deal is
not known about this process yet.
The point is, we believe we can slow down the
aging process and perhaps arrest it. We are certainly not
going to get a spring runoff to clean it up. The Technical
Committee is addressing itself to this nutrient problem in
the lake, because once we have a slowdown, we are going to
have to make a Judgment as to what level we are going to peg
the lake at and keep it at that level, or perhaps improve it.
This presents one of the most difficult problems to water
resource people here.
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Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
These people at the table are all old colleagues,
as you will begin to see in some of the colloquies we have.
I hope we will be able to finish this conference today, and
that will be because most of us have worked together for about
two decades now, and know each other rather well.
I think you realize that the Great Lakes, including
Lake Erie, is the greatest single water resource we have.
Not only this region, but the whole country is dependent on
this fresh water resource, and if you are going to look at a
critical water resource problem, this is, as far as I can
see, the No. 1 problem, because I don't know where we would
be in the nation if we ever lost this fresh water resource.
We just have to protect it, and the Technical Committee report
and some of our discussions here will relate to that.
A record and verbatim transcript will be made of
the conference by Mr. Al Zimmer. Mr. Zimmer is making this
transcript for the purpose of aiding us in preparing a
summary, and also providing a complete record of what is said
here. We will make copies of the summary and transcript
available to the State agencies. We have found that,
generally, for the purpose of maintaining relationships within
the States, that the people who wish summaries and transcripts
should request them through their State agency rather than
come directly to the Federal Government. The reason for this
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12
Opening Statement - Mr. Stein
is that when the conference has been concluded, we would
prefer that the people who are interested in the problem to
follow their normal relations in dealing with the State
governments rather than the Federal Government on these
matters. This has worked successfully in the past, and we will
be most pleased to make this material available to the State
for distribution.
I would suggest that all speakers and participants
making statements, other than tne conferees, come to the
lectern and identify themselves for the purpose of the record.
Now, I wonder if we have any State Governors or
Congressional representatives here
We do have, I understand, a representative of
Congressman McCarthy here, Mrs. Robert Fierstein.
I wonder if she would come up and make a statement
for the Congressman? Mrs. Fierstein?
STATEMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE RICHARD D.
MCCARTHY, 39TH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF
THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AS READ BY MRS.
ROBERT FIERSTEIN
MRS. FIERSTEIN: The following is a statement of
Representative Richard D. McCarthy for presentation before
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13
Hon. R. D. McCarthy
the third session of the Lake Erie Conference, March 22,
1967.
In August of 1965 a start was made toward pollu-
tion abatement in Lake Erie. The Federal-State enforcement
conferences neld in Cleveland and Buffalo gave us some hope
that the sources of pollution degrading Lake Erie would be
controlled.
In 1965 we were presented with the horrifying
picture of pollution in Lake Erie. We were told of the vast
quantities of sewage, industrial wastes, oils, silt, sedi-
ment, solids, and nutrients pouring into the lake daily.
And we were told of the damages caused by these wastes.
Lake Erie beaches have been closed because of
pollution. High quality fish have all but disappeared from the
lake because of pollution. Water supplies have been damaged;
esthetic values of Lake Erie and tributary streams have been
significantly damaged in some areas; and pollution of Lake
Erie even interferes with navigation.
This degradation of Lake Erie is for the most part
man-made. There are millions of people living in communities
throughout the Lake Erie Basin. And these communities dis-
charge their wastes directly into the lake or into tributaries
of the lake. In addition, hundreds of industries use the
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Hon. R. D. McCarthy
lake to carry away their wastes.
This picture of the pollution of Lake Erie is
aS accurate? tndflV as If. W»S a ve>ar> anH o Ho 1 f ar»~
16
M. E. Welsh
I will pass this among the conferees, and if any
of the conferees want the statement read after they look
through it, we will be glad to do it. Otherwise, this will
appear in the record as if read.
STATEMENT OF MATTHEW E. WELSH, CHAIRMAN,
UNITED STATES SECTION, INTERNATIONAL
JOINT COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Inasmuch as all of the Great Lakes except Lake
Michigan are international boundary waters, the solution of
their pollution problems must be met by a cooperative effort
of the Governments of the United States and Canada. This
responsibility with respect to Lakes Erie and Ontario and
the connecting channels has been delegated to the Interna-
tional Joint Commission - United States and Canada, and the
purpose of this paper is to describe briefly Just how the
Commission functions and what is being done.
In the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909 it was
agreed, in effect, that neither the U. S. nor Canada would
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17
M. E. Welsh
health or property on the other. The International Joint
Commission was established by the Treaty as a permanent body
to carry out its purposes, which are:
"To prevent disputes regarding the use of
boundary waters and to settle all questions
which are now pending between the United States
and the Dominion of Canada Involving the rights,
obligations, or interests of either...along their
common frontier, and to make provisions for the
adjustment and settlement of all such questions as
may hereinafter arise, ..."
The International Joint Commission consists of
three Canadian and three American members. Offices are main-
tained by the Commission in Ottawa and Washington.
While we are composed of two sections, it must
not be assumed that these sections act as national delegations
acting under instructions from their respective governments.
We are a unitary body, and decisions taken and recommendations
made are not arrived at on the basis of negotiation between
two teams, but in the way a court would arrive at a decision
according to the individual opinions of the commissioners
after hearing evidence, making field inspections and having
the benefit of studies made by technical boards.
The responsibilities of the International Joint
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M. E. Welsh 18
Commission relevant to this conference fall into two general
categories. First is the duty, among other things, of
approving or disapproving proposals for use, obstruction or
diversions of boundary waters on either side of the line
which affect the natural level or flow of boundary waters on
the other side. The St. Lawrence Power Development required
such approval.
Second is the duty of making investigations of and
recommendations on specific problems when requested by either
or both governments. It is under this provision of the Treaty
that water and air pollution and lake level references to
the International Joint Commission have been made.
As early as 1912, the two governments requested
the Commission to investigate and report upon the extent,
causes, location and remedies of pollution of all boundary
waters, of which four of the Great Lakes are a part. The
carrying out of the plan involved what was probably the most
extensive bacteriological examination of waters the world
had ever seen. After five years of investigation a compre-
hensive report was submitted on 12 August 1918, covering
pollution of these international waters ranging from Lake of
the Woods on the west to the St. Lawrence and St. John Rivers
on the east, which recommended remedial measures to correct
the gross pollution, both bacteriological and industrial,
occurring at that time.
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19
M. E. Welsh
It is interesting to note that this International
Joint Commission report, made some forty-eight years ago,
after commenting that its comprehensive survey had disclosed
"a situation along the frontier which is generally chaotic,
everywhere perilous, and in some cases disgraveful," recom-
mended, "...it is advisable to confer upon the IJC ample
jurisdiction to regulate and prohibit this pollution of
waters crossing the boundary."
The governments accepted the report and requested
the International Joint Commission to prepare a draft of
convention to confer upon it or other agencies the necessary
authority to remedy existing conditions. This draft was
submitted on 20 October 1920. It would have authorized the
International Joint Commission to "enquire and determine
whether any person is polluting -- the waters in breach of
— the Treaty," hold hearings and report the results. The
International Joint Commission would also be authorized to
define standards for apparatus for disinfection of sewage
of vessels, and the governments would have agreed not to
license vessels in these waters which failed to meet these
standards.
However, in the aftermath of World War I, no
action was taken by the two governments on these recommenda-
tions. The International Joint Commission was powerless to
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20
M. E. Welsh
proceed in the absence of any water pollution references by
the two governments, and it took no further action in this
area until 1946.
In the meantime, since its suggestion that the
International Joint Commission be granted broad investigative
powers had been shelved by the governments, the International
Joint Commission developed another method of attacking water
problems, namely, by the appointment of international boards.
This technique has permitted it to enlist the capabilities
of the established governmental agencies in both countries
active in the field of control of water levels and water
quality. These boards are established by the International
Joint Commission and are made up of the best available talent
from Federal, State and provincial agencies. This encourages
an exchange of information, coordination of efforts, and
ultimately, cooperation in the solution of these problems of
mutual concern.
After a board has completed the specific technical
investigation with which it is charged by the International
Joint Commission, the Commission typically holds public
hearings upon its report and then proceeds to prepare a
recommendation to the two governments which it believes is
technically sound and in keeping with the high standards set
by previous reports of the Commission. In other words, the
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21
M. E. Welsh
International Joint Commission sees that a competent board
is appointed, supervises the work of its board, holds hearings
upon the board's findings and then prepares the final report
and recommendations to the two governments for action.
Frequently the final report tc the governments
will recommend that the International Joint Commission be
authorized to appoint a supplementary technical board to give
continuing surveillance and thus insure orderly operation of
a project or supervision of the solution of a problem. This
procedure of "follow-through" was originally perfected by
the International Joint Commission in connection with a
number of water regulation references, where International
Boards of Control were created. The Columbia, Niagara and
St. Lawrence River Boards of Control are examples.
In 1946, some twenty-eight years after the first
report of the International Joint Commission on pollution of
the boundary waters, when the water problems associated with
the growth of population and industrial expansion led to
renewed demands for further examination of pollution condi-
tions in the connecting channels of the Great Lakes at Sault
Ste. Marie, the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers and in the
Niagara area, another investigation was commenced pursuant
to references by the two governments. Three years of field
surveys, studies and conferences were conducted, public
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22
M. E. Welsh
hearings were held, and a report to the governments was
completed in October 1950. It included recommended
"Objectives for Boundary Waters Quality Control," which were
regarded as a landmark development in the struggle for water
quality, that would preserve the utility of the waters for
domestic and industrial water supplies, navigation, fish
and wildlife, bathing, recreation, agriculture and other
riparian activities. The report, including its recommenda-
tions, was accepted, and two surveillance boards appointed,
one for the Superior-Huron-Erie section, including the
connecting channels, and another for the Erie-Ontario section
and its connecting channel, to supervise the program of ob-
taining compliance with the objectives.
These boards, composed of men from Federal, State
and provincial agencies in the United States and Canada,
charged with pollution enforcement, embarked upon a program
of conferences with the cities and industries on each side
of the border. Recent technical developments lead the
Commission to believe that compliance with its objectives
may well be achieved by the end of 1970, assuming adequate
financing is available in both countries and that the promise
of recent pilot projects is borne out in large-scale tests.
However, we will still be faced with the task of cleaning up
the accumulated pollution.
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23
M. E. Welsh
A similar program of much greater magnitude and
complexity is now under way with respect to pollution in
Lake Erie, Lake Ontario and the International Section of
the St. Lawrence River, commenced as a result of a reference
to the International Joint Commission made by the two
governments on 7 October 1964. Early analysis by the
International Joint Commission technical boards disclosed
that the gravity and urgency of the situation was sufficient
to warrant a departure from normal procedure, rresulting in
the issuance of an International Joint Commission Interim
Report in December 1965> which described the situation in
Lake Erie to be "serious and deteriorating." The urgency of
the situation is fully appreciated by all of the agencies in
each country who are participating, and field investigation
by work parties of the two International Joint Commission
boards is proceeding on a crash basis.
To give you an idea of the gravity of the crisis
which confronts us, let me call your attention to the esti-
mated time required just to clean up the mess which has been
created. After our cities and industries have complied with
the water quality objectives into Lake Erie, technical
people predict it will still take three changes of the lake's
water to flush the existing pollution, i. e., about ten
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24
M. E. Welsh
years. Lake Michigan's water changes only once each 100
years and Lake Superior every 200 years, so it is quite
evident that under no circumstances can they be permitted to
become polluted because it would take several generations to
clean them up.
In conclusion, to give you some comprehension
of the magnitude of this Reference, the areas of investigation
that are being carried out are:
a. Deep water surveys
b. In-shore pollution
c. Recreational areas
d. Pollution loadings from all tributaries
e. Municipal and industrial waste loadings
f. Biological investigations (1. e. eutrophication)
g. Physical, limnological studies of the lakes.
The International Joint Commission boards doing
this work are composed on the U. S. side of men from the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration and from the
pollution control agencies of the various States concerned.
The Canadian section of these boards is composed of men from
the Department of National Health and Welfare, Department
of Mines and Technical Surveys, Department of Fisheries and
the Ontario Water Resources Commission.
It is going to take the fullest possible coordina-
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25
M. E. Welsh
tion of all agencies at all levels of government to obtain
the data that is necessary for an informed and intelligent
approach to this problem, which strikes at the very heart,
in my judgment, of the future of the Great Lakes system.
A period of intensive investigation and study is
ahead of us. It is expected that the appropriate agencies
will cooperate with the International Joint Commission boards
and carry out these surveys and pool all data for assessment
and evaluation, and all involved are cooperating actively in
this effort.
The fact that it took the two governments twenty-
eight years (1918 to 19^6) after the first International
Joint Commission report on pollution of boundary water, which
found conditions "chaotic and disgraceful," to get up enough
courage to ask it to take another look is eloquent evidence
of the lack of public concern during this period. And the
fact that it then took another sixteen years for the govern-
ments to progress from the formulation of water quality
objectives by the International Joint Commission in the
boundary channels reference in 1950 to a point where compli-
ance in these connecting channels can only now be foreseen,
is indicative of just how great the need has been for better
enforcement techniques. An aroused public now demands
vigorous action, and it is anticipated that recent legislation
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26
M. E. Welsh
at the Federal, State and provincial levels in both countries
will permit much faster progress in the future.)
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27
MR. STEIN: At this point we would like to call
on Mr. Poston, the Federal conferee.
STATEMENT OP H. W. POSTON, CONFEREE AND
ACTING REGIONAL DIRECTOR, GREAT LAKES
REGION, FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL
ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
MR. POSTON: Thank you.
We are here today to receive and consider reports
on time schedules for construction of treatment facilities
and to evaluate progress toward pollution control in the
Lake Erie Basin. A year and a half has elapsed since we met
here in Buffalo. The conferees unanimously agreed then that
Lake Erie and many of its tributaries are polluted and the
main body of the lake has deteriorated in quality at a rate
many times greater than its normal aging process.
This is the third enforcement conference in which
I have participated during the past two weeks, and I have
witnessed encouraging progress at these sessions in Minnea-
polis and Chicago. I am optimistic today that these waters
can be cleaned up and that they can be kept clean. My
optimism is based on two things that have happened within the
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28
4
H. W. Poston
past two years. First, we have had momentous Federal and
State legislation. On the Federal level the Water Quality
Act of 1965 and the Clean Waters Restoration Act of 1966.
Second, we have seen a marked change in public awareness and
there is now overwhelming public sentiment in support of
clean water.
Let me elaborate briefly on these points. The
requirement establishing water quality standards on inter-
state waters throughout the country was brought about by
the Water Quality Act of 1965. This represents a major de-
parture in water pollution control.
In taking this unprecedented step the Congress
said, in effect, that water pollution in this country has
gone far enough. The time has come to call a halt. From
here on there are going to be standards of quality for all
major lakes and streams of this country, and those standards
are going to be enforced. This task is now at a crucial
stage, and we in the Federal Water Pollution Control Admin-
istration are doing everything we can to help the States carry
out the letter and spirit of the law. There is much at stake,
and time is running out. The purpose of the Water Quality
Standards provision is both preventive and curative. Reduced
to fundamentals, the object is to preserve those waters that
are still clean and to restore to acceptable levels of
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29
H. W. Poston
cleanliness those waters that have become polluted.
The enactment of the Clean Waters Restoration Act
of 1966 marked the beginning of a new offensive in America's
war on pollution. This landmark legislation makes it quite
clear that the Federal Government is prepared to do more
than it ever did before to win the battle for clean water.
At the same time, the Federal law calls for a comparable all-
out effort by the States, the local municipalities, and
American industry. Although the solution to pollution is not
merely opening the flood gates of the Federal treasury, much
greater Federal financial assistance is now available than
ever before.
The amendment of 1966 contained authorization
for Federal grants for research and development. Under the
combined sewer program, over 8 million dollars in grants has
been awarded to cities for projects they proposed and helped
finance to demonstrate new methods of coping with this prob-
lem. Fourteen cities and local government districts were
awarded grants for demonstration and research projects on
advanced waste treatment processes. I Just received word
that a demonstration grant for removal of phosphates at the
Trenton, Michigan, sewage treatment plant has been made.
There is also authorization under the 1966
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30
H. W. Poston
amendment for doubling the amounts of monies given to the
State Water Pollution Control Agencies for furtherance of
their programs. These program grants are to be utilized by
the State agencies for the extension of their programs.
The new amendment included new provisions rela-
tive to the section dealing with grants for construction of
municipal waste treatment plants. The dollar limitation on
the amount of Federal funds in the project will be removed
on June 30 and the limitations will then be on a straight
percentage basis of the total eligible project cost. The new
amendment authorizes greatly increased appropriations for next
year and gradually increases the annual authorization to
1--5- billion by 1971. The exact amounts that will be available
each year are determined when Congress rules on the Federal
Budget.
One other indication that the Federal Government
means business and intends to do its share in the cleanup is
supported by the regulations governing tax credit for con-
struction of industrial water pollution control facilities.
Water pollution abatement works have been exempt from the
suspension of the investment tax credit if certain conditions
are satisfied. This means that under certain conditions,
industries can deduct up to seven percent of the cost of new
waste treatment plant construction from its income tax
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31
H. W. Poston
liability. This is certainly an additional incentive for
industries to move ahead now in the cleanup program. To
date only a few firms have sought information concerning the
procedures to be followed.
The second significant change, that of the change
in public awareness has simply been a general raising of the
sights as to what can and should be done. People in this
area have come to realize that something must be done now to
protect and improve their precious heritage of clean water.
I think it can be said that the people are more aware now
than ever before of water pollution problems. Public debate
no longer centers on whether or not we can afford the cost
of waste treatment; the question is now, "How soon can the
Job be done?" I am convinced that the citizens of this
country want action now to restore the quality of the waters
to an acceptable level and then make sure they are kept there.
Most of the problems that existed at the time of
our last meeting here in Buffalo still exist today; although
some of the problems are on the way toward corrective action.
Many cities and industries have already initiated actions
recommended at earlier sessions of this conference. Much
has been said about Lake Erie's deterioration and the respon-
sibilities we have to our heritage -- an abundant and price-
less supply of clean water. The Federal Water Pollution
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32
H. W. Poston
Control Administration is vitally interested in seeing that
the waters of Lake Erie are restored and protected for the
future.
I believe that we as conferees, meeting here today,
have an opportunity to go forward in this war against water
pollution. We have been given the tactical weapons to do
this. We have strengthened Federal, and in many instances,
State legislation; and we have overwhelming public support.
That is why I said at the outset I am optimistic that these
waters can be cleaned up — and kept clean.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
has certain direct responsibilities in the Lake Erie Enforce-
ment Area; and in regard to these responsibilities I will
call upon Mr. Grover Cook, Chief Enforcement Officer of the
Great Lakes Region, to report.
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33
G. W. Cook
STATEMENT OF GROVER W. COOK, CHIEF OF
ENFORCEMENT, GREAT LAKES REGION, FEDERAL
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION,
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
MR. COOK: Mr. Chairman, Conferees, Ladies and
Gentlemen:
There are several areas of Federal activities to
be reported at this session of the conference: the sur-
veillance program recommended by the Secretary in the Summary
of the August 11, 1965, conference; status of compliance at
Federal installations, and progress being made toward eliminat-
ing pollution from the dumping of dredged material in the
lake.
First of all, surveillance. The objective of the
program, which is now under way, is to evaluate the effective-
ness of pollution control practices in local and lake-wide
situations.
Surveillance of the Detroit River and western
Lake Erie has been carried out since 1963 as a function of
the Detroit River and Michigan waters of Lake Erie enforce-
ment conference. A comparison of 1963 and 1966 water quality
data in that area indicates that there has been no significant
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34
G. W. Cook
change.
Surveillance In the other parts of the lake Is
under way, but at this time there are not enough data avail-
able to determine any trends in water quality. However,
since the last meeting of the conferees I made two aerial
surveys of the western and west central basins and observed
dense algal blooms in those areas. Also the Technical Com-
mittee flew over the island area and the south shore west
from Cleveland in October of last year and observed the
luxuriant Cladophora growths in the shallow waters. Obvi-
ously, there has been no perceptible improvement since our
studies of 1964 and 1965.
There was also an occurrence of short filter runs
at almost every water treatment plant drawing water from the
lake. The problem was particularly severe at Cleveland and
Erie, Pennsylvania.
The present monitoring program involves routine
sampling at eight stations in the Michigan waters of the
lake and thirty stations along the lake's long axis. Both
water and bottom sediments are being sampled for chemical,
biological and physical determinations. Sampling will be
adjusted so that it is done (l) with western basin ice cover,
(2) within a month after ice break-up, (3) at the time of
maximum thermal stratification development in the central
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35
G. W. Cook
basin, and (4) Just after fall stratification break-up in
the central basin.
Near-shore lake waters, primarily in the vicinity
of harbors and tributaries, will also be sampled, approxi-
mately forty stations. Chemical, physical, biological and
microbiological analyses will be made. An automatic monitor-
ing station for near-shore water quality is to be established
late this calendar year at Eastlake, Ohio.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
will work closely with State agencies, which are expected to
provide municipal and industrial discharge data. The Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration will in turn provide
its data to those agencies.
In addition, a program is under way in cooperation
with the United States Army ODazrps of Engineers, to evaluate the
effects of current and potential harbor dredging practices on
the water quality of Lake Erie.
As for the status of compliance by Federal
installations, Recommendation No. 24 of the Conference Summary
requires that needed waste treatment facilities at Federal
installations are to be completed and in operation by
August 1966. This recommendation is supported by Executive
Order 11288, which requires that all Federal installations
provide secondary waste treatment facilities in addition to
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36
G. W. Cook
providing leadership in pollution abatement.
The majority of the Federal installations in the
conference area discharge waste water to municipal sewer
systems. All other installations have installed adequate
waste treatment facilities or initiated satisfactory abate-
ment programs in accordance with Executive Order 11288'and
the Conference Summary. All installations, with one excep-
tion, are presently in compliance with the conferees' recom-
mendations. The one not in compliance is the NASA Lewis
Research Center, Plum Brook Station, Sandusky, Ohio, which
provides only primary treatment. The original plan to provide
secondary treatment facilities at this installation called
for completion of construction early in the summer of 1967.
However, the proposals submitted to the Federal Water Pollu-
tion Control Administration in December of 1966 did not pro-
vide for facilities with capability for phosphate removal.
NASA officials have re-evaluated the proposal and now plan to
construct secondary treatment facilities incorporating
chemical precipitation for phosphate removal. The present
time schedule requires completion of design and award of the
construction contract by June 30, 196?, with the plant in
operation by early 1968.
Approximately ^5 Federally owned and operated
vessels equipped with sanitary facilities frequent the waters
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37
G. W. Cook
of Lake Erie. Twenty-seven of these vessels have macertator-
chlorlnator units presently installed. Ten additional
vessels will have similar treatment devices installed by
summer. Three Corps of Engineers vessels, all of which have
secondary treatment facilities designed and installed by
early 1968. No waste treatment facilities are presently
under design or programmed for several large U. S. Coast
Guard buoy tenders. The installation of adequate vessel
waste treatment facilities is, in many cases, awating the
results of research projects being conducted by the Navy and
the Coast Guard.
Urban renewal sewer projects and interstate high-
way construction projects are now reviewed to assure compli-
ance with the conference recommendation prohibiting construc-
tion of combined sanitary and storm water sewers.
As for disposal of dredged material, considerable
attention has been given to the subject of the disposal of
dredged material since the conferees last met, and the Depart-
ment of the Army and the Department of the Interior have
reached an agreement on a program and plan for attacking the
problem of the disposition of polluted material dredged from
harbors on the Great Lakes. I would like to enter into the
record the news release which fully describes the agreement
and only briefly summarize the provisions today.
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38
G. W. Cook
MR. STEIN: Without objection, this will be
entered into the record as if read.
(The news release referred to is as follows:
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
News Release
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
For Release March 1, 1967
JOINT PUBLIC STATEMENT BY THE DEPARTMENTS OF
THE INTERIOR AND ARMY REGARDING DREDGING ON
THE GREAT LAKES
The Department of the Army and the Department of
the Interior have reached agreement on a program and plan
for attacking the problem of the disposition of polluted
material dredged from harbors on the Great Lakes. The agree-
ment covers an interim program, effective immediately for
calendar year 196?* and a permanent plan of action to be
implemented as rapidly as alternate procedures can be de-
veloped, tested and funded. The Federal agencies charged with
carrying out the agreement are the Corps of Engineers for the
Department of the Army, and the Federal Water Pollution
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39
G. W. Cook
Control Administration (FWPCA) for the Department of the
Interior.
By acts of Congress, the Corps of Engineers is
responsible for improvement and maintenance of the waterways
of the United States in the interest of navigation. These
waterways are life-lines of America's growth, industrial might
and prosperity and their proper maintenance is an exceedingly
important responsibility of the Corps. The Corps of Engineers
recognizes that considerable time will be required before
complete treatment of municipal and industrial waste will
prevent the introduction of pollutants to the waterways.
During this time a means must be found to keep the waterways
open. Doing so involves dredging of polluted material. The
Corps is therefore studying alternate procedures for the dis-
posal of the polluted dredging resulting from these industrial
and municipal wastes.
The Department of the Interior (FWPCA) by Congres-
sional acts has the responsibility to enhance quality and
value of all water resources and to carry out, in cooperation
with State and local governments, a national program aimed at
the prevention, control and abatement of water pollution.
Additionally, by Executive Order No. 11288, the Department of
the Interior shall provide technical advice and assistance to
heads of other Departments, who are to provide leadership in
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40
G. W. Cook
the nationwide effort to improve water quality through
prevention, control and abatement of water pollution from
Federal Government activities.
The two agencies agree that joint effort is
required for the development of acceptable alternative dis-
posal means with the ultimate objective of providing leader-
ship in the nationwide effort to improve water quality
through prevention, control and abatement of water pollution
by Federal water resources projects.
In order to maintain navigation, the Corps of
Engineers will proceed with dredging in calendar year 1967
on 64 of the 108 channel and harbor projects in the Great
Lakes. A list of these 64 projects is given at the end of
this release. While some of these projects are seriously
contaminated, disruption of local and national economies would
result if dredging were to be deferred this year; and alter-
nate disposal methods cannot be developed and funded in time.
Detailed observation and measurement of the polluting charac-
teristics will be jointly conducted by the two agencies
during the dredging operations. These observations will
include water and material sampling at the dredging site
before and after dredging operations and selected sampling en
route and at disposal areas with the objective of evaluating
the effects of the operations. The analysis of the samples
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G. W. Cook
will be done by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion. These studies will serve to guide plans for alternate
methods thereafter.
For the longer range permanent plan, the Corps of
Engineers will initiate a pilot program of experimentation in
March 1967. An amount of $1 million has been made available
for this program during fiscal year 1967, and the President's
budget includes $5 million for continuation of the program
during fiscal year 1968. The purpose of this program is to
develop with the aid of consultants, the most practicable
methods for management of pollution problems related to
dredging operations on the Great Lakes that will be consistent
with the objectives of cleaning up our rivers and lakes.
The Department of the Interior is in agreement with the pilot
program and will participate in it. The pilot program will
investigate all alternate disposal methods, such as along-
shore diked areas, disposal at some distance inland from the
shore, and treatment methods, and evaluate pollution abate-
ment results.
Five localities have been selected for institution
of the pilot program. The Green Bay project, where scheduled
disposal in an away-from-shore land site will permit develop-
ment of acceptable means of treating the polluted drainage
from such an area; the Cleveland project, which has a high
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42
G. W. Cook
*
pollution index and where a favorable opportunity exists
for field experimentation with the dike types; Toledo; and
Detroit's River Rouge, where existing near-shore diked areas
are in use and where the Toledo site represents an intermedi-
ate pollution index; and Great Sodus Bay where there is a
low pollution index. In the Chicago area, the use of on-shore
disposal areas shows great promise and such areas are being
actively explored in connection with the forthcoming main-
tenance dredging on the Calumet River. The work at these
selected areas in 19^7 will provide a full-scale test of ways
for filtering the liquids draining back into the lake from
such areas, as well as confining the solids.
When acceptable alternate methods of dredge dis-
posal have been agreed upon, and at the earliest possible
time, the Corps will take appropriate budgetary action to
secure the necessary funds. This may require substantial
funds programmed over a period of several years.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
will contribute to the pilot study effort by providing leader-
ship in the development and implementation of an effective
program for measuring the pollutional effects of the materials
to be dredged. Skilled personnel, as well as fixed and
mobile laboratory facilities of that agency, will be made
available to analyze these materials for chemical, biological,
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G. W. Cook
physical and other characteristics and thus determine the
effectiveness of the various methods proposed.
In carrying forward the nationwide Federal-State-
local program to prevent, control and abate pollution in our
rivers, lakes and coastal waters, the Department of the
Interior will further utilize all of its resources and powers
in the support of measures which prevent pollution at the
source. By June 30, 1967, the States will submit quality
standards and plans for their implementation for approval by
the Secretary of the Interior. As State plans of implementa-
tion get under way, it is expected that the quantity of
polluting materials from municipal, industrial and other
sources deposited in navigable waters will be drastically
reduced. Thus, the pollutional effects of dredging will be
reduced in direct ratio to the success of the nationwide
control effort and improved methods of spoil disposal.
The agreement announced today reflects the deter-
mination of the two agencies to present an example of what
the Federal Government must do to help preserve the incom-
parable values of the Great Lakes Water resources.
Estimated Dredging Requirement - Calendar Year 1967
Lake Ontario Projects: Rochester Harbor, N. Y.; Oswego
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G. W. Cook
Harbor, N.Y.; Great Sodus Bay
Harbor, N. Y.; Little Sodus Bay
Harbor, N. Y.
Lake Superior projects:
Duluth-Superior Harbor, Minn. &
Wis.; Ontonagon Harbor, Mich.; Big
Bay Harbor, Mich.; Cornucopia
Harbor, Wis.; Grand Traverse Harbor,
Mich.; Keweenaw Waterway, Mich,;
Presque Isle Harbor, Mich.; White-
fish Point Harbor, Mich.; Little
Lake Harbor, Mich.
Lake Michigan Projects:
Calumet Harbor and River, 111. &
Ind.; Indiana Harbor, Ind.; Green
Bay Harbor, Wis.; Two Rivers Harbor,
Wis.; Kenosha Harbor, Wis.; Mus-
kegon Harbor, Mich.; Ludington
Harbor, Mich.; Frankfort Harbor,
Mich.; St. Joseph Harbor, Mich.;
Grand Haven Harbor, Mich.; Manistee
Harbor, Mich.; Waukegan Harbor,
111.; Michigan City Harbor, Ind.;
Manitowoc Harbor, Wis.; Sturgeon
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45
G. W. Cook
Bay & Lake, Michigan Ship Canal,
Wis.; Menominee Harbor, Mich. &
Wis.; Holland Harbor, Mich.; New
Buffalo Harbor, Mich.; Racine
Harbor, Wis.; Port Washington
Harbor, Wis.; Kewaunee Harbor,
Wis.; Pentwater Harbor, Mich.;
Saugatuck Harbor, Mich.; South
Haven Harbor, Mich.; Charlevoix
Harbor, Mich.; Sheboygan Harbor,
Wis.; Milwaukee Harbor, Wis.;
Maitowoc Harbor, Wis.; White Lake
Harbor, Mich.
Lake Erie Projects: Cleveland Harbor, Ohio; Toledo
Harbor, Ohio; Lorain Harbor, Ohio;
Sandusky Harbor, Ohio; Pairport
Harbor, Ohio; Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio;
Black Rock Channel & Tonawanda
Harbor, N. Y.; Conneaut Harbor,
Ohio; Huron Harbor, Ohio; Erie
Harbor, Pa.; Monroe Harbor, Mich.;
Rocky River Harbor, Ohio; Dunkirk
Harbor, N. Y.; Bolles Harbor, Mich.
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46
G. W. Cook.
A decision respecting Buffalo Harbor will be made
at a later date.
Lake Huron & Connecting Channels
Projects: Channels in Lake St. Clair, Mich.;
Detroit River, Mich.; Saginaw
River, Mich.; Rouge River, Mich.;
Alpena Harbor, Mich.; Cheboygan
Harbor, Mich.; AuSable Harbor, Mich.)
MR. COOK: The agreement covers an interim program,
effective immediately for calendar year 1967, and a permanent
plan of action to be implemented as rapidly as alternate
procedures can be developed, tested and funded. The Federal
agencies charged with carrying out the agreement are the
Corps of Engineers for the Department of the Army, and the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (FWPCA) for
the Department of the Interior.
In order to maintain navigation, the Corps of
Engineers will proceed with dredging in calendar year 196?
on 64 of the 108 channel and harbor projects in the Great
Lakes. While some of these projects are seriously contaminated,
disruption of local and national economies would result if
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G. W. Cook
dredging were to be deferred this year; and alternate dis-
posal methods cannot be developed and funded in time. De-
tailed observation and measurement of the pollution charac-
teristics will be jointly conducted by the two agencies
during the dredging operations. These observations will in-
clude water and material sampling of the dredging site before
and after dredging operations and selecting sampling en route
and at disposal areas with the objective of evaluating the
effects of the operations. The analysis of the samples will
be done by the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
These studies will serve to guide plans for alternate methods
thereafter.
For the longer range permanent plan, the Corps
of Engineers has initiated a pilot program of experimentation.
The purpose of this program is to develop, with the aid of
consultants*, the most practicable methods for management of
pollution problems related to dredging operations on the
Great Lakes that will be consistent with the objectives of
cleaning up our rivers and lakes. The Department of the
Interior is in agreement with the pilot program and will par-
ticipate in it. The pilot program will investigate all
alternate disposal methods, such as along-shore diked areas,
disposal at some distance inland from the shore, and treatment
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48
G. W. Cook
methods, and evaluate pollution abatement results.
Five localities have been selected for institution
of the pilot program. In the Chicago area, the use of on-
shore disposal areas shows great promise and such areas are
being actively explored in connection with the forthcoming
maintenance dredging on the Calumet River. The work at these
selected areas in 1967 will provide a full-scale test of ways
for filtering the liquids draining back into the lake from
such areas, as well as confining the solids.
When acceptable alternate methods of dredge dis-
posal have been agreed upon, and at the earliest possible
time, the Corps will take appropriate budgetary action to
secure the necessary funds. This may require substantial
funds programmed over a period of several years.
The Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
will contribute to the pilot study effort by providing leader-
ship in the development and implementation of an effective
program for measuring the pollutional effects of the materials
to be dredged. Skilled personnel, as well as fixed and mobile
laboratory facilities of that agency, will be made available
to analyze these materials for chemical, biological, physical
and other characteristics and thus determine the effectiveness
of the various methods proposed.
In carrying forward the nationwide Federal-State-
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G. W. Cook
local program to prevent, control and abate pollution in
our rivers, lakes and coastal waters, the Department of the
Interior will further utilize all of its resources and powers
in the support of measures which prevent pollution at the
source. By June 30, 1967, the States will submit quality
standards and plans for their implementation for approval
by the Secretary of the Interior. As State plans of imple-
mentation get under way, it is expected that the quantity of
polluting materials from municipal, industrial and other
sources deposited in navigable waters will be reduced in
direct ratio to the success of the nationwide control effort
and improved methods of spoil disposal.
The agreement between the Department of the Army
and the Department of the Interior reflects the determination
of two agencies to present an example of what the Federal
Government must do to help preserve the incomparable values
of the Great Lakes Water resources.
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G. W. Cook
MR. STEIN: While we are giving the conferees a
chance to collect themselves and determine whether they want
to ask any questions or have any comments, I would like to
take this opportunity, while we are all here, to introduce
first a member of the President's Advisory Board, who has
come here from Pennsylvania, Mr. Everett Zurn.
Mr. Zurn has been very helpful in dealing with
the national and the local program, and serves on the
President's Advisory Board. He always does his homework and
always goes beyond the call of duty, such as checking up
on us here.
In addition, from Pennsylvania, Mr. Larry Miller
is accompanying Mr. Walter Lyon, and from Michigan an old
friend and colleague, Mr. Ralph Purdy, is accompanying Mr.
Oeming. Mr. Perry Miller of Indiana is accompanying Mr.
Blucher Poole.
Considering the nature of the problem, with Mr.
Purdy and Mr. Miller, we probably have the top industrial
waste consultant team right with us today. We are very glad
to welcome them as participants in the conference.
Are there any questions or comments of Mr. Cook?
Mr. Metzler?
MR. METZIER: I really was very much interested
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51
0. W. Cook
in Mr. Cook's flight over the beaches west of Cleveland,
and his report that there was no perceptible improvement in
the lake since 1964-65. I wondered whether his remarks were
related to the visual condition of the beaches in this area
over which he flew, or whether they were related -- I didn't
read the statement; I Just listened -- to the wider area, that
there "has been no improvement in Lake Erie?
MR. COOK: The statement was based partly on
visual observations over quite a few flights and surveys from
boats, but probably more than that, from the data that has
been obtained by other surveillance in western Lake Erie.
I should have 1963, Incidentally. Those studies
were started in 1963 and not 1964.
The data indicates that there is practically no
change. Water quality characteristics, such as coliforms,
phosphates, and right down the line, about 10 or 12 different
characteristics, are the same as they were in 1963.
MR. METZLER: All right.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further comments or
questions?
MR. LYON: Mr. Chairman, your comments in your
opening statement, where you so correctly pointed out the
difference between a flowing stream and a lake, and then Mr.
Cook's comments about the Corps' studies to see what they
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52
G. W. Cook
can do to improve their dredging methods, made me think
about the question as to whether or not we ought not to con-
sider to ask the Corps to study the feasibility of dredging
the bottom sludges out of Lake Erie.
I know this is almost a fantastic thing to even
think about, but we do know that the lake acts as a nutrient
trap. I wonder whether this ought to at least not be studied
to see whether it is at all possible. I know it has not been,
MR. STEIN: I think we should hear possibly from
the conferees on this.
Are there any comments or questions?
MR. EAGLE: Well, I certainly would agree with
this. This matter should be studied to determine the feasi-
bility and practicability of removing some of these sludges
from the bottom of the lake.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Metzler?
MR. METZLER: Since I probably know less about
Lake Erie than any other conferee, I would be interested
first in knowing what contribution those sludges are making,
if any, to the pollution of Lake Erie. I would not want to
support any proposed study of the cost of dredging the
bottom of Lake Erie until someone had some evidence that
those sludges were contributing to the pollution of Lake
Erie.
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G. W. Cook
Now, if you have this, I am not aware of it.
MR. POOLE: I think I would want to think about
this a little, and perhaps wait and see how the lake begins
to act after we take the pollution that is going into it
daily, out. Maybe a reappraisal a few years after that is
done would put an entirely different light on it, but just to
come in here and vote as one conferee now for the study of
the cost of dredging Lake Erie, I would like to wait a little
while.
Maybe that's because I am getting old.
MR. OEMINQ: Mr. Chairman, there is one thing that
strikes me.
As I understand it, the Corps of Engineers does
dredging for the benefit of navigation. I think that is
their authorization, and I wonder whether this authorization
to do this work would extend to the point of dredging deposits
out of the bottom of the lake where they do not interfere with
navigation.
MR. STEIN: I don't know if we have any Corps
representative here. Is Colonel Neff here?
Colonel, you may want to speak as to the Corps'
Jurisdiction.
This is what the Corps generally does, and this
is very true. However, the Corps of Engineers does work for
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0. W. Cook
a variety of purposes.
We, for example, for years have always regarded
the Corps as one of our sister agencies. We are now a con-
struction agency ourselves, and we have considered the Corps
as our construction arm.
The way Corps projects are authorized generally
is under what we used to call the Rivers and Harbors Act.
The Corps has undertaken several water quality projects for
us, notably in the Southwest, which were not necessarily
related to navigation.
Now, while this can be done, this is unusual for
the Corps, but there is a precedent for it.
The Corps of Engineers, as we all know, in peace
and war has demonstrated itself as one of the most flexible
agencies that we have in the country. If there is an
engineering Job and we can assign it to the Corps, they are
going to do it.
Do you want to say anything to that, Colonel?
STATEMENT OP COLONEL R. WILSON NEPP,
DISTRICT ENGINEER, CORPS OP ENGINEERS,
DEPARTMENT OP THE ARMY
COLONEL NEPP: Mr. Chairman, Conferees, Ladies
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55
Col. R. W. Neff
and Gentlemen:
I do not have a prepared statement. I have only
a brief word to say.
With regard to your question regarding or about
an authorization, we would not have the authority to do the
type of project that you are talking about without special
Congressional authorization, both for study and work, so that
this would be an area of new endeavor for us.
I could not speak to whether this should be done.
This is a decision for the conferees, but it would require
a new and separate authorization.
Are there any other questions that you would like
to ask of me at this time?
MR. STEIN: Are there any? Do you want to make a
comment now?
MR. OEMING: Well, Mr. Chairman, I am inclined to
agree with Mr. Poole, that at this stage of the game I would
not like to see the Corps given this Job until we are more
fully aware of what the benefits would be to undertake a
project of this magnitude.
MR. 3TEIN: Well, if this is the view, we can
bring this up in the conferees' discussion.
Thank you very much.
I can give you a little experience we have had
-------
in another area of the Potomac River, which is not exactly
analogous to this, but is an estuary.
When we first started our program in the Potomac
in the 1950's, we had tremendous sludge banks, and we were
thinking in terms of exploiting the possibility of cleaning
those out after the treatment works were in, because there
we definitely found deleterious effects as a result of the
sludge banks covering up the fish breeding grounds, and so
forth and so on.
Since then, we have had improved collection and
treatment systems in the Washington metropolitan area, and
are completing at least the first stage of our construction
program. We are examining the Potomac River again, and we
have found material changes in the sludge banks, unless our
measurements were really awry when we started, because the
sludge banks that we used to find of 10 and 20 feet deep are
no longer there.
Now, this may be because it is a river or because
it is a tidal action, but this might be an indication that
after the works are in, we have a different kind of problem
that might be evaluated at the time.
I don't know if this is applicable here.
MR. LYON: Well, this is a lake.
MR. STEIN: Yes.
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57
\
MR. LYON: I don't want to prolong this, but I
think Mr. Metzler asked the question of what happens to the
sludges. I don't think any of us are certain.
Clair Sawyer, who is one of the experts in this
field, and who provided a lot of the bases for the report
of the Technical Committee, in 1965 presented a paper at
the Water Pollution Federation, where he said, and if I may
read this one paragraph:
"Of the nutrients which enter the lake,
a major part becomes incorporated into algae and
other forms of life which eventually die and settle
to the lake bottom. There they are digested by
bacteria; protozoa, worms, etc., with much of the
nutrient materials solubilized. They then are free
to leach back into the waters above and eventually
become available to support further phytoplankton
growths. The amount of nutrients which recycle from
the bottom muds, of course, is proportional to the
amount of material which drops to the mud from above."
I think at least he tried to answer that question.
MR. OEMING: Mr. Chairman, may I have <* comment
while Mr. Cook is up here?
MR. STEIN: Yes.
MR. OEMING: While the press release that was
issued Jointly by the Department of the Interior and
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G. W. Cook
Department of the Army was not read here, I have read it, and
I have just one comment, Mr. Cook.
I would expect that you will recognize in your
study that there is a difference in the quality of the
polluting materials from these various harbors that are
listed here.
For example, I realize when you write something
like this, you can't go into detail, but I point out that
improvement may be expected in some of these dredges by some
of the programs that the States are on.
I would think that this ought to recognize the
fact that there are many of these harbors that probably will
not change materially because of the existing situation,
because of the present degree of pollution control here;
that is, there are still going to be dredges, but they are
not going to be the same quality of dredging that comes out of
the Rouge River. You cannot compare this with what might
come out of White Lake Harbor or Muskegon Harbor, where they
are not of the same degree of polluting potential. Yet there
will be a polluting potential there by reason of the silt
that enters these harbors naturally. This study will take
into account that even with the best of treatment, there
still will be polluting materials coming into the lake.
MR. COOK: Oh, yes, and the fact that the
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59
G, W. Cook
quality or the types of pollutants that are Involved in
each of these harbors may be very different.
We have made an evaluation of all of the harbors,
with the exception of a few, and are very much aware of this.
Yes.
MR. OEMING: This could give the impression that
all of these harbors are equally polluted.
MR. COOK: Not at all. Some of them are very
clean. Some of your Michigan harbors are very clean.
MR. OEMING: I am not pointing at Michigan harbors.
I am pointing at all of the harbors.
MR. COOK: Incidentally, Mr. Chairman, I do have
this report that I mentioned from which we obtained our data,
which is a comparison of 1963 and 1966. We have it available
for the conferees, if they would like to take it home with
them.
MR. STEIN: I would suggest you give it to the
conferees during the recess.
Are there any further questions or comments?
(No response. )
MR. STEIN: If not, thank you very much, Mr. Cook.
MR. POSTON: I would like to ask Mr. George Harlow,
who is Chairman of the Technical Committee, to give a summary
or a report on the Technical Committee activities.
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G. L. Harlow
STATEMENT OP GEORGE L. HARLOW, DIRECTOR,
LAKE ERIE PROGRAM OFFICE, FEDERAL WATER
POLLUTION CONTROL ADMINISTRATION, DEPART-
MENT OF THE INTERIOR, CLEVELAND, OHIO
MR. HARLOW: Mr. Chairman, Conferees, Ladies and
Gentlemen:
I am George Harlow, Director of the Lake Erie
Program Office, Federal Water Pollution Control Administra-
tion, Cleveland, Ohio.
Mr. Chairman, do the conferees have copies of the
Technical Committee report?
MR. STEIN: I believe they do.
MR. HARLOW: There is a pile of them here, in case
they don't have one, because I will be reading from it, and
they may wish to follow along with me.
MR. STEIN: Are you going to read this whole
report?
MR. HARLOW: No, but the conferees may wish to
consider entering the entire report in the record.
MR. STEIN: Do you want to move that?
MR. POSTON: So moved.
MR. STEIN: All right.
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61-62
ONTARIO
/ OTTER /
,' CREEK I
/ BASIN I
EASTERN
BASIN
x CLINTON RIVER B
V
CATTARAUGUS
CREEK
N BASIN
\
' ROUGE RIVER I
vHURO*/ RIVER BASIN / B4SIN
t- DETROIT
'PORTAGE RIVER BASIN/
LOCALITY MAP
OF
LAKE ERIE BASIN
FIGURE
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63-64
83° 30'
83°
30'
82°
30'
43°00'
FFALC
30
so'
LAKE OMTA/flO
CANADA
MICHIGAN
NEW YORK
PENNSYLVANIA
41°
SECTORS
FOR WATER QUALITY
IDENTIFICATION
LAKE ERIE
FIGURE 2
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65
G. L. Harlow
Without objection, the whole report will be entered
into the record as if read.
MR. HARLOW: Thank you.
INTRODUCTION
At the request of the Honorable James A. Rhodes,
Governor of the State of Ohio, Secretary Anthony Oelebreeze
of the United States Department of Health, Education and Wel-
fare, under authority granted in Section 8 of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act of 1961, called a conference on
pollution of lake Erie and its tributaries. Ihe conference
was held in two sessions, in Cleveland on August 3-5, 1965,
and in Buffalo on August 10-12, 1965. The conferees were as
follows :
Dr.. B. A. Poole, Indiana
Mr. Lor ing Oeming, Michigan
Dr. E. W. Arnold, Ohio
Mr. George 15agle, Ohio
Mr. Fred Mohr, Ohio
Mr. Ricaard Boardman, Pennsylvania
Mr. Robert Hennigan, New York
Mr. H. W. Poston, Federal Government
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66
G. L. Harlow
The conference chairman was Mr. Murray Stein,
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration tFWPCA),
Washington, D. C.
After hearing a Federal report on pollution in the
conference area, reports on pollution control activities in
each of the five States, and statements by others, the con-
ferees agreed unanimously on a summary containing conclusions
and recommendations that was later issued by the Secretary of
the Department of Health, Education and Welfare on November
12, 1965.
One of the summary recommendations stated:
"The conferees will establish a Technical
Committee as soon as possible which will evalu-
ate water quality problems in Lake Erie re-
lating to nutrients and make recommendations
to the conferees within six months after the
issuance of this Summary. "
At a conferees' meeting in Cleveland on Septem-
ber l, 1965, members of the technical committee were select-
ed. On December 17, 1965, the conferees met with the desig-
nated committee members and the Lake Erie Enforcement
Conference Technical Committee was formally established.
The following members and their alternates were appointed:
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67
G. L. Harlow
State Member Alternates
Michigan Carlos Fetterolf, Jr.
Indiana Perry Miller John Winters
Ohio J. E. Richards George Garrett
Pnnnsylvania Walter Lyon Daniel Bardarik
Paul Heitzenrater
New York Robert Hennigan Donald Stevens
Mr. Grover Cook, FWPCA, was appointed Chairman
of the committee, and served until January, 1967. From
January, 1967 until the present Mr. George Harlow, FWPCA,
has been Chairman of the committee. Mr. Frank Hall, FWPCA,
is Secretary to the committee.
At the September 1, 1965 meeting, the conferees
asked the committee to investigate the following aspects of
Lake Erie problems:
"(1) Determine the situation, past and present,
in Lake Erie with regard to nutrient levels
and the related consequences. Also determine
how the existing situation would be modified
by various pollution control methods.
(2) Determine the nutrient levels or concentra-
tions which constitute interstate pollution
of La ke Er ie.
(3) Determine the nutrient levels or concentrations
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68
G. L. Harlow
which should be established as water quality
objectives in various parts of Lake £r ie.
(4) Determine the sources of nutrients entering
Lake Erie and the percentages originating
from: detergents; other municipal wastes;
industrial wastes; and agricultural land use,
(5) Determine the nutrient balance of Lake Erie.
(6) Identify the various nutrients affecting
Lake Erie water quality and determine which
are susceptible to control."
On June 22, 1966, a third meeting of the Lake Erie
Enforcement Conferees was held in Cleveland, Ohio at which
Chairman Stein added a seventh instruction to those listed
above:
(7) Identify other lake problems and explore ways
of dealing with them.
At that third meeting, the conferees, presided
over by Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall, were pre-
sented with a report by the Technical Committee which had
been formed. The conferees did not consider the report to
be a consensus of all Technical Committee members. The
Technical Committee was directed to continue its delibera-
tions and revise the Interim Report to reflect a consensus.
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69
G. L. Harlow
It was decided by Secretary Udall and the conferees that it
should be called an Interim Report.
Hie Technical Committee reviewed and revised the
June 22, 1966 Interim Report to reflect a consensus of all
committee members and submitted it to the conferees. The
report was retitled "Interim Report of the Lake Erie Enforce-
ment Conference Technical Committee, June, 1966 (Revised,
November, 1966),"
This March, 1967 from which I am reading report
expands upon the revised Interim Report to include discus-
sion, conclusions and recommendations regarding each of the
sevel instructions. It reflects the consensus of all the
committee members.
The Lake Erie Enforcement Conference Technical
Committee wishes to acknowledge the advice and invaluable
information provided to the committee by many individuals.
The following persons have graciously given of their time
to attend and contribute to meetings of the committee or to
otherwise provide information:
Dr. Alfred M. Beeton, University of Wisconsin,
Milwa ukee , Wiscons in
Mr. Kenneth Biglane, FWPCA, Washington, D. C.
Mr. Russell Brant, Ohio Department of Natural
Resources, Columbus, Ohio
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70
G. L. Harlow
Mr. Ted Brenner, Soap and Detergent Association,
New York, N. Y.
Dr. N. Wilson Britt, Ohio State University,
Columbus, Ohio
Mr. Charles Bueltman, Soap and Detergent Associa-
tion, New York, N. Y.
Dr. Richard Engelbrecht, University of Illinois,
Urbana, Illinois
Mr. Frederick Fuller, FWPCA, Chicago, Illinois
Mr. Harold Hall, FWPCA, Chicago, Illinois
Mr. Robert Hartley, FWPCA, Cleveland, Ohio
Mr. C. TC. Herdendorf, Ohio Department of Natural
Resources, Sandusky, Ohio
Dr. Matthew Hohn, Central Michigan University,
Mt. Pleasant, Michigan
Mr. G. La Mar Hubbs, FWPCA, Cleveland, Ohio
Mr. Conrad Kleveno, FWPCA, Cleveland, Ohio
Dr. Edward Martin, FWPCA, Washington, D. C.
Mr. Stephen Megregian, FWPCA, Chicago, Illinois
Mr. John Neil, Ontario Water Resources Commission,
Toronto, Canada
Mr. C. Ray Ownbey, FWPCA, Chicago, Illinois
Dr. Charles Pr ies ing, FWPCA, Ada, Okla homa
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71
G. L. Harlow
Dr. Gerard Rohlich, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin
Dr. Stanford Smith, U. S. Bureau of Commercial
Fisheries, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dr. Jacob Verduin, Eastern Illinois University,
Charleston, Illinois
Mr. David Wagner, FWPCA, Chicago, Illinois
Mr. John Wirts, Cleveland Easterly Pollution Con-
trol Center, Cleveland, Ohio
The committee is especially grateful to Mr. John
Carr of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Depart-
ment of the Interior, and Mr. Al Harris of the Ontario
Water Resources Commission, who participated in the work of
the committee and assisted in the preparation of this report.
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Instruction 1(A) "Determine the situation, past and
present, in lake Erie with regard to
nutrient levels and the related
consequences. "
Recent environmental changes in Lake Erie were
reported by specialists in many water-oriented disciplines.
Chemical Conditions. Records from many sources
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72
G. L. Harlow
over the past 50 years show an increase in chlorides from 8
milligrams per liter (mg/1) to 26 mg/1, and an increase in
sulfates from 13 mg/1 to 23 mg/1. Good long-term records
for phosphorus are not available, but recent information
indicates that there has been a substantial increase in
phosphorus inputs and an increase in concentration in the
lake. Most early limnologists considered that nitrogen was
the limiting nutrient for algal growth. Therefore, tests
for phosphorus were not common, and when phosphorus analyses
were made, a variety of techniques and reporting procedures
were used. (Appendixes B and C contain a suggested procedure
for reporting and testing.)
During summer thermal stratification, dissolved
oxygen (DO) is substantially reduced in the bottom waters
of a large area in the central basin. This was first re-
ported in 1929 and has been observed many times since. How-
ever, the DO now reaches zero and the area where low DO
occurs is widening. This DO deficit results largely from the
decomposition of algae and may be explained as follows:
a. Algae are produced in excessive amounts in the
western basin and along the shoreline of the
central and eastern basins as a manifestation
of plant nutrient concentrations.
b. The algae cells drift around the lake and
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73
G. L. Harlow
eventually settle to the bottom. During
this settling process, oxygen is consumed by
decay of dead cells.
c. Decaying cells accumulate in the bottom
muds and exert oxygen demand as decomposition
cont inues.
d. During summer periods of thermal stratification,
when the bottom layer of water is isolated
from the oxygen-rich upper layer, the avail-
able oxygen in the lower layer may be used up
by the decay process.
e. The rate of consumption is greatly intensified
when the organically enriched sediments are
stirred into suspension.
The theoretical relationship between phosphorus
inputs, organic carbon produced by biological processes,
and DO depletion was presented to the committee,
Phys ical Good it ions. Records of lake levels have
been kept for over a hundred years and fluctuations of
several feet are well known. When the lake is high, shore
erosion occurs. This has contributed to nutrient increases
in the lake. When lake levels are low, as in the early
sixties, a larger shoal area is affected by sunlight and a
larger crop of Cladophora (attached algae) has been observed.
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74
G. L. Harlow
Harbor and channel modifications have changed
current pattern in localized areas and have increased silt
inputs. The dumping of dredged material from these opera-
tions has changed the composition of the lake bottom and
has increased inputs of nutrients.
Lake currents are mostly the products of winds.
At four feet above the lake bottom, current velocities as
high as 2.0 feet per second have been recorded. A strong
wind will induce thorough mixing more than 30 feet deep.
Strong winds also produce an oscillation of the thermo-
cline that results in mixing of the bottom waters, but with-
out intermixing of the upper and lower water layers. This
lack of intermixing is significant in that the oxygen-rich
water of the upper layer (epilimnion) does not replenish the
depleted oxygen supply in the lower layer (hypolimnion), and
oxygen demanding material and nutrients do not leave the
bottom waters during periods of thermal stratification.
Another physical characteristic that bears upon
the overall problem is water temperature. Records show,
using 10-year moving means, that there has been a rise of
2° F since 1918. The warming trend of the lake follows
that of the climate.
Algae. Both the microscopic suspended algae called
phytoplankton, or planktonic algae, and the filamentous
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75
G. L. Harlow
algae that grow attached to firm substrata are responsible
for nuisance conditions in Lake Erie. Of the two types,
filamentous Cladophora has been troublesome for a longer
time. The beaches on Kelleys Island have been littered
with Cladophora for at least 30 years.
Chemical methods of Cladophora control have not
been too successful. To be effective, the chemicals should
be applied during periods of caJm in the early part of the
growing season. By present standards, chemical control is
expensive, especially when used for large areas. It is
estimated that for effective control, at least 350 square
miles of Lake Erie would have to be treated.
Lake-wide information on phytoplankton is rather
sparse. However, there are good data on samples taken in
Cleveland since 1929 and in the South Bass Island area over
the past few years. According to David (1966) these records
indicate three main changes: 1. A gradual increase in the
total quantity of phy toplankton has occurred. The average
increase between 1927 and 1964 amounted to 44.3 cells/ml/yr
and from 1956 to 1964 the increase was 122.0 cells/ml/yr;
2. There has been a change from typical, relatively brief
vernal and autumnal phytoplankton pulses every year to
pulses that are not only much more massive, but also more
extensive. This has resulted in complete obliteration
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G. L. Harlow 76
of the winter minimum and a considerable reduction of the
length of the summer minimum; 3. There have been important
changes of dominant algal genera. In 1929, the diatoms
Fragilaria, Asterionella, and others that are common in
Lakes Superior, Huron, and Michigan were predominant.
Today, diatoms such as Stephanodlscus and Cyclotella, typical
of enriched lakes, are the more abundant kinds. Dense
blooms of highly undesirable blue-green algae have been ob-
served in the area of the lake west of Cleveland. These
blooms typically occur in eutrophic lakes and are rare in
lakes like Superior and Huron.
Bottom Dwelling Animals. Prior to 1953, burrowing
mayflies were the dominant bottom-dwelling animals in the
western basin. In September 1953, this basin became thermally
stratified, dissolved oxygen was depleted in the lower layer
of water, and a catastrophic die-off of mayflies took place.
The overall occurrence of these important fish food organisms
has steadily declined. They have been almost completely re-
placed by sludgeworms and midge larvae. Major factors in
the decline of the mayflies have been low DO and change in
composition and distribution of the bottom sediments.
Fishes. Dramatic changes have occurred in the
Lake Erie fishery since 1920. Although Lake Erie remains the
most productive of all the Great Lakes, the catch is of
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G. L. Harlow 77
•
poorer quality than it used to be. Yellow perch are still
abundant. Blue pike have disappeared and walleyes, white-
fish, and herring are scarce. Low DO that occurs in the
hypolimnion of the central basin creates an unfavorable
habitat for both fish and the organisms upon which they feed.
Conditions must be made suitable for the more
desirable fish and aquatic organisms during all stages of
their life cycle. Certain adult fish spawn on reefs and
gravel areas. However, heavy wave action often washes the
eggs into the degraded bottom muds prior to hatching. Hie
oxygen deficient sediments and overlying waters in many
parts of the lake are entirely unsuitable for the success-
ful completion of their life cycles. The percentage of
eggs that hatch is greatly reduced and those young fish which
at times develop from the eggs die rapidly and the propaga-
tion of the more desirable species ceases. These are sub-
sequently replaced in time by species which are more tolerant
to degraded environmental conditions. Total fish produc-
tivity is not necessarily impaired, but the percentage of
desirable species is greatly reduced in favor of the less
desirable species. The ultimate result would be a highly
productive lake full of coarse fish.
Instruction 1 (B) "Also determine how the existing situa-
tion would be modified by various
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78
G. L. Barlow
pollution control methods."
The existing situation will be modified by the
elimination or reduction of organic material, nutrients,
and silts from municipal, industrial, and agricultural
sources. Secondary or equivalent treatment must be provided
for all wastes. Treatment processes and techniques must
be developed for the substantial removal of phosphorus
from sewage and industrial wastes. At several locations in
the southwestern United States, modifications of activated
sludge type of treatment have increased the removal of phos-
phorus. Additional demonstration projects are needed to
prove the applicability of these modifications to activated
sludge plants in the Lake Er-'e Basin. Development of new
processes should be encouraged for us^ in augmenting and
improving those modifications already under study for
activated sludge-type plants. Additional modifications
must be developed and employed to effect high phosphorus
removals in other type plants.
Instruction II. "Determine the nutrient levels or con-
centrations which constitute interstate
pollution of Lake Erie."
Instruction III. "Determine the nutrient levels or con-
centrations which should be established
as water quality objectives in various
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G. L. Harlow
parts of Lake Erie."
It was the opinion of the committee members that
Instructions II and III should be considered jointly and
the following statements are made accordingly.
A determination was made of existing concentrations
of total phosphorus and soluble phosphorus in Lake Erie. The
following tables present data for seven areas of the lake and
for the major harbors (see Figure 2 and Tables 1 and 2).
It was the finding of the conferees, and the mem-
bers of the committee agree, that Lake Erie is over-enriched.
The highest nutrient concentrations aad excessive crops of
algae are found in the western basin and in the shoreline
area. It is the committee's opinion that pollution from
nutrients is occurring at these present concentrations.
Total phosphorus ranged from 0.015 mg/1 in mid-lake waters
of the central and eastern basins to 0.090 mg/1 in the
western basin and along the Ohio shoreline. Soluble phos-
phorus ranged from 0.008 mg/1 to 0.050 mg/1 in the same
areas of the lake. Inorganic nitrogen varied from average
values of 0.25 mg/1 to 0.75 mg/1. For comparison, in
southern Lake Huron where eutrophication is not a problem,
50 analyses for total PO -P were reported less than 0.008
4
mg/1 and 14 additional samples averaged 0.03 mg/1; 54
analyses for soluble P04~P were reported less than 0.008 mg/1
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G. L. Harlow
and 10 additional samples averaged 0.03 mg/1. Inorganic
nitrogen in southern Lake Huron averaged 0.25 mg/1. The
concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the central
and eastern basins of Lake Erie are not much greater than
the concentrations in Lake Huron.
The only information available on levels of phos-
phorus and nitrogen that has provided a guide for the develop-
ment of suitable criteria necessary to restore Lake Erie
water quality was that of Sawyer (1954) in his classical
Madison, Wisconsin lake studies. He found that when the con-
centration "of inorganic nitrogen and [soluble] phosphorus
exceed 0.30 ppm and O.Oi ppm respectively, at the start of
the active growing season (time of spring turnover in north-
ern climates), a season with nuisance blooms [of algae]
would follow."
Other experts that met with the committee could not
provide information to support or dispute these figures and
therefore did not disagree with Sawyer's values. Sawyer's
values compare very closely with water quality in southern
Lake Huron and mid Lake Erie where prolific growths do not
occur. Based on this information and the available chemical
and biological data, the committee determined that the
following concentrations of nutrients should be established
as water quality objectives in various parts of Lake Erie:
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G. L. Harlow
Location Total PO4-P Sol PG -P Inorganic N
(See Fig. 2) mg/1 mg/1 mg/l
Areas 1, 2, 3 & 4 0.025 O.OlO 0.3
Areas 5, 6 & 7 0 015 0.007 0.3
The committee further determined that concentra-
tions of nutrients greater than the values in the above
table constitute pollution of Lake Erie.
The necessary reduction of phosphorus loads re-
quired to meet the proposed criteria is shown in Appendix A.
TABLE 1
PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN LAKE ERIE
Total PQ4-P, mg/1 Sol. PO4-P, mg/1
Area ^Samples Max. Min. Avg. ^Samples Max. Min. Ayg.
1 128 0.67 0.013 0.09 320 0.57 0 0.05
2 * 13 0.08 0 0.03
3 * 57 0.07 0 0.02
4 * 874 0.65 0 0.04
5 * 418 0.20 0 0.01
6 * 30 0.61 0 0.01
7 * 174 0.03 0 0.01
*No data, but using the ratio of total to soluble phosphates
found for the Detroit River mouth and Maumee Bay, it is as-
sumed for other areas of the lake that the total phosphates
would be approximately double the soluble values.
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G. L. Harlow
TABLE 2
PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN HARBOR AREAS
Tot. P04-P, mg/1 Sol. P04-P, mg/1
Area ^^.^E1?^ Max. Min^_ Avg. Max. Min. Avg.
Detroit R., 38 0.67 0.013 0.13 0.37 0.013 0.08
Mouth
Maumee Bay 13 0.30 0.013 0.11 0.3 0.07 0.05
Sandusky, 0. 56 * 0.80 0 0.08
Loraio, 0. 54 * 0.15 0 0.02
Cleveland, 0. 98 * 0.68 0 0.06
Fairport, O. 99 * 0.31 0 0.02
Ashatabula, O. 66 * 0.66 0 0.05
Erie, Pa. 119 * 0.46 0 0.09
*No data, but using the ratio of total to soluble phosphates
found for the Detroit River mouth and Maumee Bay, it is
assumed for other areas of the lake that the total phosphates
would be approximately double the soluble values.
Instruction IV. "Determine the sources of nutrients
entering Lake Erie, and the percentages
originating from: detergents, other
municipal wastes, industrial wastes, and
agricaultural land use."
Phosphates in detergents. The average discharge of
total phosphorus (P) in domestic wastes on a per capita per
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G. L. Harlow
year basis is 3.5 pounds (Sawyer, 1965). One pound is from
human excreta and 2.5 pounds are from detergents. In the
Lake Erie basin, the phosphorus contribution from municipal
wastes is 80 percent, which can be broken down by sources as
human excreta, 22 percent; detergents, 53 percent; and other
sources, 5 percent.
Representatives of the soap and detergent industry
informed the Technical Committee that an acceptable substitute
for phosphate was not presently available. The importance of
polyphosphates lies in synergistic effects obtained when
used with surfactants. Significant loss of cleaning power
results when substitutes are used.
Some of the important functions of phosphates in
detergents are to provide alkalinity, increase dirt and grease
removing capacity, reduce redeposition of dirt, soften the
water, limit scum formation, and prevent fiber staining.
Phosphate content varies from a high of 57 percent in heavy-
duty laundry powders to less than 10 percent in light-duty
liquids. Phosphates are also present in almost all soaps.
The soap and detergent representatives acknowledged
that phosphates affect the nutrient balance of waters, but
believed the exact role in algal growth and eutrophication
had not been clearly defined. They pointed out that in 1958,
70 percent of the elemental phosphorus sold went into
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G. L. Harlow
fertilizers and 13 percent as built detergents.
PhQSPhorus_from munic^ipal discharges. Direct dis-
charges of phosphorus to Lake Erie from municipal sewage
treatment plants constitute about 80 percent of the total
input from all sources. No measured values are available for
urban runoff in the Lake Erie basin, but a study by Weibel,
Anderson, and Woodward (1964) revealed that an urban acre
yields 2.5 pounds of soluble phosphate (PO^) per year. This
would comprise a relatively small percentage of the total
inputs.
Phosphorus from rural runoff. It has been demon-
strated that municipal and industrial phosphorus inputs con-
stitute about 85 percent of the total. The remaining 15
percent is attributable to rural runoff. This was verified
by applying values established by Englebrecht and Morgan
(1961) for an area in Illinois to the Lake Erie drainage
basin.
Instruction V. "Determine the nutrient balance of Lake
Erie,
Phosphate balance. The concentration of total
PO -P leaving Lake Huron was shown on Page 80. This results
in a discharge of total P04-P from Lake Huron of less than
20,000 Ibs. per day. That amount of total phosphate leaving
the Detroit River to enter Lake Erie is approximately
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85
'86,000 Ibs/day, resulting in a pickup in the Detroit-
Windsor metropolitan area of 66,000 Ibs/day.
There is a change in that sentence, so that it
reads as follows :
"That amount of total phosphate leaving the Detroit
River to enter Lake Erie is approximately 86,000 Ibs/day,
resulting in a pick-up in the waters of the Great Lakes be-
tween Lake Huron and Lake Erie of 66,000 Ibs/day. "
I might ask Mr. Oeming if he thinks that sufficient-
ly explains the situation?
MR. OEMING: Yes.
MR. HARLOW: All right.
The discharges of phosphate by areas is summarized
in Table 3.
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G. L. Harlow
TABLE 3
DISCHARGE OF PHOSPHATES TO LAKE BY AREAS
Area
Total Phosphate-P
Lbs /da y
Michigan Ontario
Discharge from Lake Huron
Detroit-Windsor met ooolitan area
Michigan tributaries to Lake Erie
Ohio
Municipal & industrial (shoreline)
Oh io tr ibu tar ies
Pennsylvania & New York
Ontario, other sources
Sum of major known sources
Discharged at Niagara River
<20 000
fad,ooo
2,000
28,000
20,000
6,000
10,000
152,000
50,000
Excluding the discharge from Lake Huron, of the 132,000
Ibs/day of total phosphates expressed as P discharged to Lake
Erie, approximately 112,000 Ibs. come from municipal and
industrial wastes, and 20,000 Ibs. from rural land runoff.
Of the municipal contribution, 70,000 Ibs/day come from
detergents, 30,000 from human excreta, 6,000 from urban land
runoff, and 6,000 from industrial wastes. These totals are
summarized in Table 4.
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G. L. Harlow
TABLE 4
TOTAL P04 INPUTS TO LAKE ERIE BY SOURCES
Source PO^-P
Lbs/day
Lake Huron < 20,000
Rural rand runoff 20,000
Municipal
Detergents 70,000
Human excreta 30,000
Urban land runoff 6,000
Industrial (direct discharge 6,000
TOTAL 152 ,000
Since only 50,000 Ibs/ day are discharged via the
Niagara River, Lake Erie retains 102,000 ibs/day. Part of
this amount is utilized by algae, small animals, and fish,
part becomes locked in the sediments, and part is recycled and
reused by the biomass.
Since the contribution of total PO^-P from domestic
wastes is about 3.5 Ibs/cap/yr and 11 million persons live
in the Lake Erie basin below Lake Huron, the annual contribu-
tion from municipal sources is 38,500,000 pounds.
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G. L. Barlow
Instruction VI. "Identify the various nutrients affecting
Lake Erie water quality and determine
which are susceptible to control."
Specialists who met with the committee mentioned
nutrient substances such as nitrogen, potassium, vitamins,
and carbon, but under present knowledge, phosphorus is the
most important element and the one most susceptible to con-
trol. Nitrogen occurs in nature and can be fixed by certain
bacteria. Potassium is sufficiently abundant in natural
waters, and the role of vitamins and other growth substances
is not well defined.
Instruction VII. "Identify other Lake TSrie problems and
explore ways of dealing with them."
Many other nutrient elements are recognized as
requirements for algal production and growth, including
many trace elements. Information is lacking as to the role
of the trace elements and the possibilities for removal.
The committee recognized a need, in the phosphorus
problem, of determining more exact figures on the contribution
from various sources such as runoff from soil, animal wastes,
and algae decomposition* It was brought to the attention of
the committee that bottom sediment storage may contribute to
the phosphorus supply of the lake water. However, available
data indicate that the hypolimnetic buildup of phosphorus
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G. L. Harlow
is re precipitated at fall turnover of the lake water.
The committee has become aware of many of the
problems which will be involved in removing a very high per-
centage of the phosphorus contribution to Lake Erie. It is
recognized that percentage of phosphate removal must be
increased with population growth and economic expansion and
that ultimate disposal of nutrients will become increasingly
more important in order to prevent their return to the lake.
Other problems of pollution are also recognized by
the committee, such as increasing dissolved inorganic sub-
stances throughout the lake; bacterial, color, suspended
solids, and floating solids problems along the shore; and
special local problems caused by large industrial and
municipal waste discharges, where, because of volume, treat-
ment must be highly refined.
The following are present or potential problems in
Lake Erie :
Toxic effect of algae
Botulism in waterfowl
Dumping of dredgings
Exploration for oil and gas
Taste and odor problems in drinking water
Short filter runs
Pollution by vessels
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G. L. Harlow
Uniformity of regulations on marine toilets
Uniformity of fish laws
Effects of lake levels on Cladophora
CONCLUSIONS
1. Ihe major pollution problem in Lake Erie
results directly or indirectly from excess algae. These
growths are stimulated by nutrients resulting fron> man's
activities.
2. Silts containing nutrients are being contri-
buted to the lake from dredging operations, urban and agri-
cultural runoff, and shore erosion.
3. Wind-induced currents transport nutrients and
silt over wide areas of the lake.
4. Reliable long-term records for phosphorus and
nitrogen are not available for Lake Erie waters.
5. The one nutrient most susceptible to control
is phosphorus.
6. Phosphorus entering the lake originates from
municipal wastes, rural land runoff, and industrial wastes.
About 80 percent is attributable to municipal wastes.
7. About 66 percent of the phosphorus in municipal
wastes if from detergents.
8. Earlier data on phosphorus are difficult to
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G. L. Harlow
interpret due to lack of information on the analytical pro-
cedure used and the method of expressing the results.
9. Water quality problems occur when the concen-
trations of soluble phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen exceed
0.01 mg/1 and 0.30 mg/1 respectively.
10. Water quality objectives should be established
that will prevent nuisance algae conditions.
11. Even if water quality objectives are met,
a reduction in frequency and intensity of algal nuisance
conditions will-be gradual,
12. Water quality objectives for Lake Erie
should be established so that present high quality water will
be preserved and the waters will be improved in the areas
where nuisance conditions now exist.
13. A rise in air and water temperatures has con-
tributed to changes in the aquatic environment.
14. Efforts to limit the growth of the filamentous
alga Cladophora by the application of chemicals in the lake
have been successful only on a small scale. Experience
has demonstrated it is not feasible to apply these techniques
to large areas. Chemical control of plankton algae is also
impractical.
15. The quality of the Dike Erie fishery has
declined. Hie major factor in the decline of the more
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G. L. Harlow
desirable species has been the destruction of suitable en-
vironment within which they could successfully complete their
life cycle and be maintained in abundance.
RECOMMENDA TIONS
Water Quality Criteria
1. The following level of phosphate and inorganic
nitrogen expressed as P and N should be established as the
water quality objective for Lake Erie :
Location Total P04-P Sol PO^-P Inorganic N
(See Fig. 2) mg/1 mg/1 mg/1
Areas 1, 2, 3 & 4 0.025 O.OlO 0.3
Areas 5, 6 & 7 0.015 0.007 0.3
2. The following points of measurement should be
established to assess P and N water quality at locations
in Recommendation 1:
Location Points of Measurement
Areas 1,2,3 Range Pte. Mouillee to Detroit River Light
& 4 (2,000, 8,000 and 13,000 feet offshore),
(See Fig. 2) average of these three stations
Toledo Harbor Lighthouse
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G. L. Harlow
4
Location Points of Measurement
Raisin River channel buoy No. Bl
South Bass Island and Pelee Passage lights
Water intakes of :
Toledo, Ohio
Port Clinton, Ohio
Sandusky, Ohio
Vermilion, Ohio
Lorain, Ohio
Cleveland Electric Illumination Co. at
East lake, Ohio
Industrial Rayon Corp. at Fair port, Ohio
Intake East 2 miles of mouth of Ashta-
bula, Ohio
Conneaut, Ohio
Areas 5, 6 & 7 Water intake cribs of:
(See Fig. 2) Cleveland, Ohio
Buffalo, New York
Erie, Pennsylvania
Any point in central or eastern basin 2 miles
from shore or beyond
3. These levels proposed for nutrient criteria
should not be exceeded in more than 20 percent of the
samples taken in any one year. To assess the nutrient
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G. L. Harlow
water quality, samples should be taken at least once per
month. Sample collection should be 3 feet below surface
for mid-lake stations and inside the water plant from the
raw water tap tat the water intake stations.
Nutrient Control
4. A suitable substitute should be found to re-
place phosphates in detergents. The soap and detergent
industry and the Federal Government should promote and
encourage the research and development of a suitable sub-
stitute.
5. Demonstration projects to remove phosphorus
by modification of the activated sludge process should be
established in the Lake Erie basin.
6. New processes must be developed and employed
to effect high phosphorus removal in other plant types.
7. Phosphates removed by treatment must not be
returned to a water course.
8. The Department of Agriculture, State agri-
cultural agencies, and local conservancy districts should
initiate programs to control runoff from agricultural lands.
9. The USGS, the Corps of Engineers, and various
State agencies should strengthen their programs to reduce
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G, L. Harlow
further soil erosion in the Lake Erie basin.
10. me practice of dumping in Lake Erie pollu-
tional materials dredged from rivers and harbors should be
stopped.
Terminology, Analytical Methods, and Data Reporting
11. Concentrations of phosphates, both soluble
and total, in surface waters should be expressed as elemental
phosphorus (P) .
12. Samples should be analyzed for total phos-
phorus and soluble phosphorus using the stannous chloride
method, including persulfate and extraction. (This method
is attached in Appendix C.) Where a particular laboratory
departs from the method outlined in the appendix it should
be clearly indicated and documented that in all concentra-
tions encountered in surface water and with interfering sub-
stances usually encountered that the method yield results
within the limits of reproducibility of the recommended
method.
13. Sewage treatment plants should regularly
test for total and soluble phosphorus under direction of
the State water pollution control agency and results should
be reported to the State agency.
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G. L. Harlow
Recommended Studies
14. Research should be encouraged that would
explore procedures for recovering phosphorus.
15. The Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, the
FWPCA, the States, and other agencies should increase the
tempo of research programs in Lake Erie to more clearly
define all the factors adversely affecting the fishery,
municipal water supplies and recreational uses.
16. Research should also be directed toward the
following problems :
Toxic effects of algae
Botulism in waterfowl
Exploration of oil and gas
Taste and odor problems in drinking water
Short filter runs at water plants
Pollution by vessels
Uniformity of regulations on marine toilets
Uniformity of fish laws
Effect of lake levels on Cladophora
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G. L. Bar low
REFERENCES
1. Davis, C. C., 1964. Biological Research in the Central
Basin of Lake Erie. Proceedings, 9th Conference on
Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Great
Lakes Research Division Publication 15: 18-25.
2. Engelbrecht, R. S. and J. J. Morgan, 1961. Land Drainage
as a Source of Phosphorus in Illinois Surface Waters.
Transaction of the 1960 Seminar on Algae and Metropoli-
tan Wastes. U. S. Public Health Service, Robert A.
Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
3. Sawyer, C. N., 1954. Factors Involved in Disposal of
Sewage Effluents to Lakes. Sewage and Industrial
wastes, 26: 317-328.
4. Sawyer, C. N., 1965. Problems of Phosphorus in Water
Supplies. American Water Works Association, 57: 1431-
1439.
5. Weibel, S. R, R. J. Anderson, and R. L. Woodward, 1964.
Urban Runoff as a Factor in Stream Pollution. Journal,
Water Pollution Control Federation, 36(7): 914-924.
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G. L. Bar low
APPENDIX A
REDUCTION IN PHOSPHORUS LOAD NECESSARY TO MEET
PROPOSED CRITERIA
The following method of calculation based on P04-P
loads and apportioned flow of the Detroit River plus that
from U. S. tributaries is suggested. In apportioning the
Detroit River, it is suggested that 40 percent or 74,000
cfs be assigned to carry Michigan loads into the western
basin and along the southern shore of the lake. Another
40 percent be assigned to carry the load from the upper
lakes to mid Lake Erie and the remaining 20 percent or
36,000 cfs to carry waste loads from Canada along the
Canadian shoreline.
With the above assumption and assuming the actual con-
tribution from Lake Huron equals 10,000 Ibs/day, the necessary
waste reduction of U. S. loads would be calculated as
follows :
U. S. Loads Ibs/day total P
Upper lakes 0.40 x 10,000 I 4,000 (b)
Michigan (est.) 55,000
1On Pages 86 and 87 of the report, this figure is reported as
less than 20,000 Ibs/day. For the purpose of making this cal-
culation, the actual discharge is assumed to be 10,000 Ibs/day
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G. L. Harlow
U. Sv Loads Ibs/day total P
Ohio tribs. & direct discharge 48,000
Pa. & N. Y. 6,000
Total 113,000 (a)
Flows (cfs) = 0.40 x 185,000 / 12,000 from Ohio
/ 3,000 (est.) from Pa. 85 N. Y. I 89,000 cfs.
Total PO4 permissible load = 89,000 cfs x 5.4 x
0.025 mg/1
- 12,000 Ibs/day (c)
(0.025 is the suggested criteria for total P and 5.4 is a
factor converting cfs and mg/1 to Ibs/day).
Required maximum reduction of U. S. loads
- a " c
a - b
- 113,000 - 12,000 =92.5 percent
113,000 - 4,000
The approximate distribution of these U. S. loads
(Ibs/day) and percent reductions would be as follows:
Present Load Permissible Load % Reduction
Municipal
Industrial
Runoff
11,885
90,500
5,650
17,000
4,520
565
6,800
95
90
60
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G. L. Harlow
The percent reduction indicated would be required
to maintain the criteria for Total P at 0.025 mg/1.
Since 66 percent of the P04 in municipal wastes is
from detergents, if the P04 in detergents could be eliminated,
the remaining P04 in municipal wastes would have to be
treated by 85 percent.
APPENDIX B
PHOSPHATE REPORTING
The more common methods for expressing the results
of chemical determinations for phosphorus vary as to the form
of phosphorus used. The most common methods express the
results as Po°5 (Phosphorus pentoxide), PO^ (phosphate) and
P (phosphorus). The relationship between these methods
of expression are:
1 mg/1 P = 2.29 mg/1 P205 « 3.06 mg/1 P04
1 mg/1 P04 =0.75 mg/1 P205 r 0.33 mg/1 P
1 mg/1 P205 = 1.34 mg/1 PO4 =0.44 mg/1 P
The Committee decided that results or criteria
should be reported for total phosphorus as P and soluble
phosphorus as P to be consistent with Sawyer and most of
today's investigators.
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G. L. Harlow
APPENDIX c
ANALYTICAL MEIHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT
OF • TOTAL PHOSPHATE
EXPRESSED AS TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
This method is according to 12 ed. Standard
Methods, Method C, p. 236 with some modifications.
1. General Discussion
1.1 Principle: The total-phosphate content of
the sample includes all the soluble orthophosphate and poly-
phosphates, and insoluble phosphates precipitated during
storage. If any insoluble phosphates are present, for
practical purposes they are assumed to be insoluble ortho-
phosphate. It is understood that total phosphate is not
to include insoluble phosphates that may have been present
in the original water and removed in sampling, unless ex-
pressly requested; in that case, such insoluble phosphate
will be reported separately. Condensed phosphates, such
as pyro-, tripoly-, and higher-molecular-weight species
(from commercial phosphates like hexametaphosphate), are
not normally present in natural waters, but are frequently
added in the course of water treatment. The concentration
employed depends on the application. Poly phosphates do not
respond appreciably to the orthophosphate tests but can be
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G. L. Harlow
hydrolyzed to orthophosphate by boiling with acid. Also,
the insoluble phosphates can be dissolved by boiling with
acid. Then, with the proper combinations of filtration
and boiling with acid and the orthophosphate value, both
the polyphosphates and insoluble phosphates can be deter-
mined as their equivalent PO4,
1.2, Interference: Interference from iron should
not exceed 0,04 mg Fe in the portion taken for analysis.
At least 25 mg/1 soluble silicates can be tolerated.
Color and turbidity also interfere. Chromate and strong
oxidizing agents, such as peroxide, bleach the blue color.
Interference from nitrite (which also bleaches the blue
color) can be overcome by adding 0.1 g sulfamic acid to the
sample before adding the molybdate. Because of the very
low PO^ range, contamination is a problem.
Extracting the heteropoly acid into an immiscible
solvent before reduction greatly reduces the number of
interferences; however, it does not remove interference from
arsenic and germanium. Extraction also reduces the amount
of poly phosphate determined with orthophosphate.
1.3. Minimum detectable concentration: The
minimum detectable concentration is about 0.01 mg/1 P04,
The sensitivity at 50 percent transmittance is about
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G. L. Harlow
O.Ol mg/1 for 1 percent change in transmittance.
2. Apparatus
2.1. Colorimetric equipment: Visual comparison
in nessler tubes is not normally recommended, because of
the difficulty in meeting the time requirement to obtain
accurate results. One of the following is required:
a. Spectrophotometer, for use at approximately
690 m,u. The color system also obeys Beer's law at 650 mu,
with somewhat reduced sensitivity, in the event the instru-
ment available cannot be operated at the optimum wave length.
A light path of 0.5 cm or longer yields satisfactory results.
b. Filter photometer, provided with a red filter
exhibiting maximum transmittance io the wave length range
of 600-750 mu. A light path of 0.5 cm or longer yields
satisfactory results.
2.2. Filtration equipment: Membrane Filter
2.3. Acid-washed glassware: This may be of great
importance, particularly when determining low concentrations
of phosphate. Phosphate contamination is common owing to
the formation of thin films or absorption on iron oxide films
on glassware. Commercial detergents containing phosphate
should be avoided. Glassware should be cleaned with hot
dilute HCl and rinsed well with distilled water.
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G. L. Harlow
3. Reagents
3.1. Phenolphthalein indicator solution: Either
the aqueous (a) or alcoholic (b) solution may be used.
a. Dissolved 5 g phenolphthalein disodium salt
in distilled water and dilute to 1 liter. If necessary,
add 0.02N NaOH dropwise until a faint pink color appears.
b. Dissolve 5 g phenolphthalein in 500 ml 95
percent ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol and add 500 ml
distilled water. Then add 0.02N NaOH until a faint pink
color appears.
3.2. ION H2SO4
Potassium persulfate K2S2Og
3.3. Sodium hydroxide l.ON. Dissolve 40 g NaOH
in a small quantity of distilled water and dilute to 1 liter.
3.4. Stock phosphate solution: Dissolve in
distilled water 0.7165 g anhydrous potassium dihydrous potas-
sium dihydrogen phosphate, KH2PO4, and dilute to 1,000 ml;
1.00 ml=0.500 mg PO4.
3.5. Standard phosphate solution: Dilute 100.0 ml
stock phosphate solution to 1,000 ml with distilled water;
1.00 ml=50,0 ug P04.
3.6. Ammonium molybdate reagent (1) : Dissolve
25 g (NH4)6Mc>7024.4H20 in 175 ml distilled water. Cautiously
add 280 ml cone HoSO4 to 400 ml distilled water. Cool,
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G. L. Harlow
add the raolybdate solution, and dilute to 1 liter.
3.7. Stannous chloride reagent (1): Dissolve
2.5 g of a fresh supply of SnCl2»'2H2O in 100 ml glycerol.
Heat in a water bath and stir with a glass rod to hasten
dissolution. This reagent is stable and requires neither
preservatives nor special storage.
3.8. Reagents for extraction:
a. Benzens-isobutanol solvent: Mix equal volumes
of benzene and isobutyl alcohol. (CAUTION: Ihis solvent
is highly flammable.)
b. Ammonium molybdate reagent (II) : Dissolve
40.1 g (NH4)gMo6)24.'4H20 in approximately 500 distilled water.
Slowly add 396 ml molybdate reagent (1). Cool, and dilute
to 1 liter.
c. Alcoholic sulfuric acid solution: Cautiously
add 20 ml cone H2S04 to 980 ml methyl alcohol with continuous
mixing.
d. Dilute stannous chloride reagent (II): Mix 8 ml
stannous chloride reagent (I) with 50 ml glycerol. This
reagent is stable for at least 6 months.
4. Procedure
4.1. If precipitate or turbidity is present in
the bottled sample, two portions must be taken for analysis.
One should consist of 50 ml of the filtered sample. (See
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G. L. Harlow 106
Sec. 2.2 for procedure on filtering the sample.) The
other portion should consist of 50 ml of thoroughly mixed
unfiltered sample. To each of the 50 ml portions, or
aliquots diluted to 50 ml, add 1 drop of phenolphthalein
indicator solution. If a red color develops, add ION H0SO..
— £ «i
dropwise to discharge color. Then add 1 ml of ION H2SO4 in
excess and .4 g potassium persulfate to each.
4.2. Digest at boiling temperature for at least
30 minutes. Remove any suspended matter by filtration.
Add 1 drop of phenol-phthalein indicator solution and
neutralize to a faint pink color with sodium hydroxide solu-
tion. Restore portions to original 50 ml volume with dis-
tilled water.
4.3. Determine the orthophosphate content of each
treated portion as described in 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6, adapted
to a sample volume of 50 ml.
4.4. Add, with thorough mixing after each addition,
4.0 ml molybdate reagent (I) and 0.5 ml (10 drops) stannous
chloride reagent (I). The rate of color development and
the intensity of color depend on the temperature of the
final solution, each 1°C increase producing about 1 percent
increase in color. Hence, samples, standards, and reagents
should be within 2°C of one another and at a temperature
between 20° and 30°C.
-------
107
G. L. Harlow
4.5. After 10 min, but before 12 min,, employing
the same specific interval for all determinations, measure
the color photometrically at 690 mp and compare with a cali-
bration curve, using a distilled-water blank. Light path
lengths suitable for various phosphate ranges are as follows:
Approx Light
P04 Range Path
mg/1 _cm
1-6 0.5
0.3-3 2
0.02-0.5 10
A blank must always be run on the reagents and distilled
water. Inasmuch as the color at first develops progressively
and later fades, it is essential that timing be the same for
samples as for standards. At least one standard should be
tested with each set of samples or once each day that tests
are made. The calibration curve may deviate from a straight
line at the upper concentrations of the 1-b mg/1 range.
4.6. Extraction: When increased sensitivity is
desired or interferences need to be overcome, extract the
phosphate as follows: Pipet a suitable aliquot of sample
into a 100-ml graduated extraction cylinder and dilute, if
necessary, to 40 ml with distilled water. Add 50.0 ml
benzene-isobutanol solvent and 15.0 ml molybdate reagent (II).
-------
108
G. L. Harlow
Close at once and shake vigorously for exactly 15 sec.
Any delay increases the amount of polyphosphate, if present,
which will be included in the orthophosphate value. Remove
the stopper and withdraw 25.0 ml of separated organic layer,
using a pipet and a safety aspirator. Transfer to a 50-ml
volumetric flask, add 15 to 16 ml alcoholic sulfuric acid
solution, swirl, add 10 drops (0.50 ml) dilute stannous
chloride reagent (II), swirl, and dilute to the mark with
alcoholic sulfuric acid. Mix thoroughly: after 10 min. but
before 30 min., read against the blank at 625 mu. Prepare the
blank by carrying 40 ml distilled water through the same
procedure as the sample. Read the P04 concentration from a
calibration curve prepared by taking known phosphate standards
through the same procedural steps as the samples.
-------
109
G. L. Harlow
This completes the reading of the Technical
Committee report.
MR. STEIN: Thank you for a very comprehensive
and excellent technical report.
I really am overwhelmed. I want to thank you and
the Technical Committee.
As you can see, we have given them quite a Job,
and this report, as I see it here, poses some very interest-
ing questions and really comes to grips directly with the
hard nub of the problems that we have to deal with.
I think the whole country is way ahead by this,
and this is a signal service. Thank you very much.
Are there any comments or questions?
MR. POSTON: I would like to ask Mr. Harlow, with
regard to the No. 7 on his introduction, where it says,
"Identify other lake problems and explore ways of dealing with
them," have you had any additional information on other lake
problems?
MR. HARLOW: Well, there are a number of problems
in Lake Erie that are not directly related to the phosphorus
problems, and one of these that crops up from time to time
that seems to plague us in the Great Lakes — I remember it
plagued us over in Lake Huron, and they talked about it in
Lake Ontario -- is the dumping of car bodies in the Great
-------
110
G. L. Harlow
Lakes.
I have some pictures that I would like to show of
this, to show these car bodies being dumped in the lake along
the Cleveland waterfront, for consideration by the conferees.
These slides are mostly all alike, taken from the
same place, and they show that along the Cleveland waterfront
a City of Cleveland truck pushes these old car bodies into
the lake. They are forming a dike with old car bodies. For
what purpose, I am not quite sure.
MR. POSTON: What is that in the background there
(indicating)?
MR. HARLOW: That is Lake Erie in the background,
and there is a pile of car bodies dumped along the lake
frontage right almost downtown Cleveland.
These car bodies, although we were told that they
would be stripped of engines, tires, and so on, and that the
oil and gasoline and grease would be removed, this was not
the case. We found that they were just picked up off the
street and dumped into the lake.
MR. POSTON: You mean they had the tires still on
them?
MR. HARLOW: Tires and gasoline and oil and every-
thing still in them.
MR. POSTON: What is the purpose of this?
-------
Ill
G. L. Harlow
MR. HARLOW: Well, they are building a dike, I
understand, with car bodies, extending it out to where an
old sunken ore boat is situated. They are going to build some
kind, I guess, of recreation area out of it — a scenic area
out of it, maybe.
(Laughter.)
MR. OEMING: May I ask, is this picture you are
showing us showing the car bodies on the ice? Is this what
is going on?
MR. HARLOW: They are pushing them out. They are
doing it now. It is ice-covered.
MR. OEMING: This is on the ice then?
MR. HARLOW: This is ice that is on Lake Erie.
That is ice right there (indicating).
MR. POSTON: That is the lake in the background?
MR. HARLOW: Yes, that is the lake.
MR. POSTON: Are there two dikes there?
MR. HARLOW: That is an old dike, an old existing
dike that was built out of rock many, many years ago.
MR. STEIN: Would you identify precisely the loca-
tion where these pictures were taken?
MR. HARLOW: You mean in downtown Cleveland?
MR. STEIN: Where in downtown Cleveland? Can you
state?
-------
c#«M *//,
/ ! * /* X /./ /
,F^' ^^* - * ,J^ /
•fcs
.< ^ -J-
-------
-------
-------
112
G. L. Harlow
MR. HARLOW: I don't know exactly, because I
didn't take the pictures^ Mr. Stein.
MR. STEIN: All right.
MR. HARLOW: I understand they were taken off
Gordon Park.
MR. STEIN: When were the pictures taken?
MR. HARLOW: About a week or two ago.
MR. STEIN: All right.
MR. POSTON: Are these the only other problems
that you came up with?
(Laughter.)
How about the beaches?
MR. HARLOW: Well, I think the committee certainly
explored this in their aerial photography and in our general
surveillance of the Lake Erie shoreline. We have taken a
number of pictures of algae littering beaches. I think all
the conferees know this occurs in Lake Erie, and it also
occurs in Lake Ontario.
I did not bring these pictures with me, because I
looked at them ahead of time and they didn't seem to charac-
terize what we were trying to show. I didn't think they
were of sufficient interest to bring before the conferees.
It just so haopens that we have done our better
picture-taking in Lake Ontario of algae-littered beaches.
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113
0. L. Harlow
However, it does occur in Lake Erie, of course, and we will
be out this spring and summer taking good pictures.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Poole?
MR. POOLE: Well, to an extent, Mr. Chairman, I
share your views as to the excellence of this report, and I
recognize that the Technical Committee's primary mission was
to study the problem of nuisance in Lake Erie. However, un-
less I have been completely misinformed, there are a good
many other problems of pollution that have licked Lake Erie
other than the problem of nutrients.
The thing that particularly disappoints me is that
under Charge No. 7, which was to study the other pollution
problems, the report completely ignores the problem of
beaches. I don't think it is even mentioned in the report.
In Mr. Poston's questioning of Mr. Harlow just
now, he has referred to the beaches only from the standpoint
of algae washing up on them, and it seems to me that it is a
terrible mistake if we should distribute this report without
there being a clear understanding that there is going to be
some comment.
I would remind you that we have zoned off a shore
area that extends two miles from the shore, and certainly,
unless Lake Erie is a good deal different from the south end
of Lake Michigan, there must be a tremendous lot of bacterial
-------
114
G. L. Harlow
problems in all of the major population centers that in my
judgment at least have a very important bearing on the
usability of the lake for what I would classify as its primary
recreational asset; namely, swimming.
So I would like to suggest that the record clearly
show that at least one conferee is of the feeling that the
report does not take in the entire Lake Erie pollution
situation.
MR. HARLOW: I certainly agree. There are cer-
tainly other things wrong with Lake Erie other than the algae.
MR. STEIN: We haven't discharged the Technical Commit-
tee yet, have we? You are still operating, aren't you?
MR. HARLOW: We'll run and hide now.
(Laughter.)
MR. STEIN: Well, I think Mr. Poole's statement is
very pertinent.
The first thing that people and reporters in all the
areas ask me when I go in is, "How about the beaches?" This is
the first question you get, whether you get to Buffalo, Erie,
Cleveland, Toledo, or Detroit. This is the question that is
asked.
Let me say this: I have never seen a report
that we have handed out to technical people that didn't come
-------
115
G. L. Harlow
up with a significant number of recommendations when it
referred to research. With all that, I think this report is
quite a significant contribution.
However, I think if we are talking in terms of the
water quality in Lake Erie, Mr. Poole has put his finger
on what the people want to see in water quality. That is
beaches that they can use.
MR. HARLOW: May I make a comment here?
In working through its deliberations, the Technical
Committee naturally related the first six instructions directly
to phosphorus and nutrients, and that kind of thing. The
seventh instruction did cover to a certain extent what Mr. Poole
is concerned about.
In regard to our surveillance program on Lake
Erie, we are going to and have been studying the bacterial
problems. We know the beaches are polluted. We know where
they are. I would like to say, to a certain extent, if the
committee continued its deliberations and explored these kinds
of things, our agency — the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration — is already almost at the point of releasing
a report on Lake Erie which covers in detail all of the problems
— not just that of nutrients, but all of the problems. We
are shooting for a target release date of August.
-------
116
G. L. Harlow
This is a comprehensive study of Lake Erie, and
it goes into much, much greater detail of all the problems
than we went into in the small technical report.
MR. POOLE: I don't want to belabor this continu-
ally, but I don't want the people out there -- and certainly
the people at the table right here -- to leave here today
with the idea that the conferees, or at least this conferee,
feels that algae and nutrients are the only problem that
afflict Lake Erie.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Oeming?
MR. OEMING: Mr. Chairman, in defense here of the
committee — and I don't know that they need my defense — but
in defense of them, if I recall correctly, this committee
started out with the mission of examining the nutrient problem,
as Mr. Harlow has said. If I recall correctly, the last item
in this mission was inserted at the direction of the Chairman
of this conference (laughter). I don't recall that the
conferees were particularly anxious -- I think we all knew
what the other problems were, but, for some reason, the
Chairman felt differently.
Now, I want to add my word of commendation and
appreciation to this committee for the hard work that it has
put in. I think they have made a very constructive addition
here to our knowledge, and particularly with reference to
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117
G. L. Harlow
the nutrient problem.
I see in this report some work for the conferees.
I am noc in disagreement with the recommendations or the
conclusions as a whole, but I can see where something now
needs to be done by the conferees to follow up. By this I
mean implementation.
The process that we have been following here is
to take recommendations and conclusions, and then the con-
ferees consider these and determine what is needed in the way
of implementation. With all due appreciation to the commit-
tee, I think that the conferees now ought to have the oppor-
tunity, before it accepts this report, to review the report
in the light of what needs to be done now, what the conferees
should come up with as recommendations to the States, the
Federal Government, and everyone involved, to implement these
conclusions and recommendations.
So, I would suggest that we receive this with a
deep appreciation, and that the conferees consider these
conclusions and come up, in whatever period of time you wish,
Mr. Chairman, that is acceptable to the conferees, with its
views on what it proposes to do -- that is, the Board proposes
to do.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further comments or
questions?
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118
G. L. Harlow
MR. POOLE: I agree with that.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Lyon?
MR. LYON: Yes, I have a few comments, one relating
to what Mr. Poole has said.
First of all, let me say that I am not in a posi-
tion to commend the committee, because I was one of its
members (laughter), but I do agree with the report and, as
Mr. Oeming has pointed out, the need now to move ahead and
do something about the problem.
However, in connection with what Mr. Poole has
said about beaches, we in Pennsylvania are very concerned
with some of the publicity that has been given us about Lake
Erie, and particularly about its beaches.
The beaches in Pennsylvania at present are fine.
We have checked them carefully. They meet our standards for
bathing water quality, and if the people who live along Lake
Erie do not have any other good beaches to go to, we hope
that they will all come to Pennsylvania, because we have
frankly noted a significant diminution of our pollution in
the Lake Erie portion of Pennsylvania. We believe this is due
to the publicity that has been so freely available about the
pollution of the lake, and we think this problem is important.
I think people ought to know about these things
before they can do anything about it, but we also want the
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119
G. L. Harlow
people to know that the beaches at present are fine, and that
they can go swimming there.
In relation to the report itself, I feel that there
is one aspect of it that needs to be given some further
attention, hopefully if the committee will continue its work,
and this is the point that we talked about earlier.
It is touched upon on Page 15 under Instruction
7, where, in the second paragraph, it says: "It was brought
to the attention of the committee that bottom sediment storage
may contribute to the phosphorus supply of the lake water,"
This is certainly one of the areas that ought to
be studied more. Clearly, we have to cut way, way down on
the phosphorus input. In this connection I might suggest
that future reports, as in Conclusion No. 5> we might say to
make it a little clearer, that "the one nutrient most
susceptible to control of input is phosphorus."
We can control the input, but I am not sure that
we know what this will do, and how fast it will reduce the
phosphorus levels in the lake. It will certainly reduce them,
but we don't know how fast. In that connection again, I feel
that we perhaps should have said something about the need
to study the relationship between the phosphates that are
trapped in the lake and the phosphates in the lake level.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Harlow?
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120
G. L. Harlow
MR. HARLOW: May I make one comment to this,
Mr. Lyon?
The committee considered this, what contribution
to the lake is coming from the bottom sediments of phosphorus,
and we looked all through the literature and sought out ex-
perts on this. Nobody could really tell us a great deal on
this, and we felt we explored it as much as we could.
The information is not there. We have asked, but
it is not there.
MR. LYON: This is why I suggested that on the
recommended studies, this be given more attention, because it
is certainly a highly pertinent question. We might even want
to go further and do what was talked about earlier and just
try to figure out what the price tag would be to getting rid
of some of these.
MR. HARLOW: One thing we were able to determine,
at least from the information we had, was given to us by the
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries.
It is their feeling that the phosphorus that is
released from the bottom muds during low DO is reprecipitated
back into the bottom muds during the fall turnover, and does
not ever reach the upper waters of the lake, where the algae
blooms. That is mentioned in the report there.
MR. LYON: You heard that quote from Clair Sawyer
-------
121
G. L. Harlow
*
this morning. He seems to feel differently.
Clearly, this is an area that should be studied
a lot more.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further comments or
questions?
Mr. Poston?
MR. POSTON: I might make the comment that, as
usual, Blucher Poole comes through and gets at the nub of a
report very clearly.
I would say that I would agree with him that
taking into consideration No. 7> the report has not brought
out the real problem of beach pollution, because beaches are
the first consideration of the general public, as I have
observed. In other words, they think in terms of bathing,
largely.
The summary of the second session of the
conference, August 10 to August 12, 19&5> does carry a Recom-
mendation No. 9, which says:
"Disinfection of municipal waste effluents
is to be practiced in a manner that will maintain
coliform densities not in excess of 5>000 organisms
per 100 milliliters at water intakes, and not in
excess of 1,000 organisms per 100 milliliters where
and when the receiving waters in proximity to the
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122
G. L. Barlow
"discharge point are used for recreational pur-
poses involving bodily contact. It is recognized
that bathing water quality standards are estab-
lished by statute in New York State."
MR. METZLER: What page is that on?
MR. POSTON: Page 7.
I don't know that this is a reason for the Tech-
nical Committee not considering bacteriological quality, but
I think the conferees are charged or have here agreed that
measures with regard to bacteriological problems are to be
taken into consideration in our time schedules and in our
treatment works. I feel like Mr. Oeming, that further con-
sideration by the conferees should be given to this Technical
Committee report before it is given the blessing of this
committee.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there further comments or questions?
MR. POOLE: I concur in Mr. Oemlng's suggestion.
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman?
MR. STEIN: Yes, Mr. Eagle.
MR. EAGLE: I would Just like to remark that if
we had Mr. Poston's report that was due last July that was
supposed to include all these things, this discussion would
be very academic.
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123
G. L. Harlow
MR. POSTON: Isn't it on your desk now, Mr. Eagle?
MR. EAGLE: In a very rough draft form, and very
secretive and confidential.
(Laughter.)
MR. STEIN: One thing, Blucher: We did see these
old cars and riffraff in the rivers up in Alaska. I didn't
know they were doing it here.
In Alaska, to maintain the streams against the
ice thaw in the spring, in various parts of the State where
the stream rushes down and kind of rips through the backyards
of the people, they take all their old automobiles and run
them off the banks. Then, when the ice melts, it kind of
flattens out the car, and they have a relatively stable bank.
I am not sure that we have to do that down in Lake
Erie, though.
MR. POOLE: Well, the farmers in Indiana use that
in the bends of the rivers to keep it from cutting away land.
I don't know what the Indiana Pollution Control Board is going
to do if every automobile in the river becomes pollution.
They may get into trouble with some of these landowners.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Poston?
MR. POSTON: That completes our Federal report.
I might ask: Are there further instructions for
the Technical Committee at this time?
-------
W. A. Lyon 124
•
MR. STEIN: I think we will let the conferees
deliberate on that without making a judgment at this time.
MR. BOSTON: All right.
MR. OEMING: Let's put it on a stand-by basis,
Mr. Chairman, subject to call by the conferees.
MR. STEIN: May we have Pennsylvania? Let's see
if we can push through without a break, and go right through
to lunchtime.
STATEMENT OF WALTER A. LYON, CONFEREE
AND DIRECTOR, DIVISION OF SANITARY
ENGINEERING, PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT
OF HEALTH
MR. LYON: I think all of you have received a copy
of our report, which I passed out this morning, in the green
covers.
This report has been prepared for the conferees
representing the States of Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, New York
and the Federal Government to bring them up to date on
the steps that Pennsylvania has taken to carry out the
recommendations of the 1965 conference. Subsequent to the
1965 conference, a written report was forwarded to the Federal
Government conferee, Mr. H. W. Poston, on May 26, 1966; and a
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125
W. A. Lyon
verbal report was given to a reconvened session of the
conference on June 22, 1966.
After receiving a copy of the conclusions and
recommendations of the 1965 conference, Pennsylvania's
Sanitary Water Board took action to implement applicable
recommendations. Those recommendations on which the Sanitary
Water Board took action were Numbers 8, 11, 12, 1>4 and 17.
Recommendation 8 required that secondary treatment
plants be so designed and operated as to maximize the removal
of phosphates. The Sanitary Water Board directed the five
municipalities having significant sewage discharges in the
Pennsylvania portion of the Lake Erie Basin to conduct studies
to determine the present degree of phosphate removal and the
type of operation of the present treatment works that will
provide maximum phosphate removals and report on this matter
to the Sanitary Water Board.
The reports of the municipalities indicated that
the phosphate reductions varied from 7 percent to more than
50 percent, but there were no consistent phosphate removals.
This is a matter in which research and development work is
currently being carried out in other locations in the country.
Phosphate reductions agreed to by the conferees will be
utilized in the Pennsylvania portion of the Lake Erie Basin
as soon as engineering design criteria which will attain
-------
W. A. Lyon l26
these ends are issued by the Federal Water Pollution Control
Administration. So far, such design criteria have not been
made available.
I might also point out in passing here that
naturally, if we get such criteria from other sources and
they are backed up by reliable work, we will use them. I am
not trying to imply here that we would only use the ones
from the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.
Recommendation 11 dealt with the prohibition of
combined storm and sanitary sewer construction and the
elimination of such sewers in areas where they exist. The
City of Erie is the only municipality in the Pennsylvania
portion of the basin that contributes significant discharges
from this source. Pollution has occurred in the past from
wastes discharged during major storms through approved storm
water by-passes on Erie's combined sewer system. The city
has begun a program of separating storm and sanitary sewers
in redevelopment areas. Complete separation has been completed
in one 12-block area and a second project is under design.
It is estimated that it will cost $22 million to separate all
the combined sewers in the city. The city has also instituted
a program of inspecting all overflow regulators on a daily
basis and has taken steps to increase the volume of flow
directed to the sewage treatment plant. The treatment plant
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127
W. A. Lyon
is designed to treat 45 million gallons per day and flows
in excess of this volume reaching the plant during major
storms receive chlorination prior to discharge. The city
has completed a program of abating the major discharges of
industrial wastes to its storm sewer system. The city is
also currently surveying its system to locate and eliminate
minor sources of industrial wastes which are untreated.
Recommendation 12 directed that programs be
developed to prevent accidental spills of waste material to
Lake Erie and its tributaries. The Sanitary Water Board
directed that letters be sent to all industrial plants in
the Lake Erie Basin notifying them of the conferees' con-
clusion and asking them for reports of the measures that
the company takes or has taken to implement such a recom-
mendation. Replies were received from all the plants which
we believe could discharge wastes and have a significant
effect on the water quality of Lake Erie. The replies indi-
cated that adequate steps are being taken to prevent acci-
dental spills.
Recommendation 14 states that disposal of garbage,
trash and other deleterious refuse in Lake Erie or its
tributaries should be prohibited and that existing dumps
along river banks and the shores of Lake Erie be removed.
The Department of Health conducted a survey of existing
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128
W. A. Lyon
dumps in the Pennsylvania portion of the basin in a Joint
survey with the U. S. Public Health Service and the Erie
County Department of Health. Nineteen sites were visited, and
of these, nine were found to be contributing to the pollution
of tributaries of Lake Erie. Recommendations were made to
close five sites and convert four sites into satisfactory
sanitary landfill operations. The landfill operations in
Erie County are being kept under close surveillance to insure
that water pollution from sanitary landfills is prevented
or abated.
Recommendation 17 required that the State water
pollution control agency undertake action to insure that
industrial plants discharging wastes into the waters of Lake
Erie and its tributaries institute programs of sampling their
effluents to provide necessary information about waste outputs,
The Sanitary Water Board requested that the Department of
Health review the adequacy of its industrial waste data on
effluents from industries in the Pennsylvania portion of the
Lake Erie Basin. The Department of Health reported that the
information currently being provided by most of these
industrial establishments adequately describes the quality of
the discharges to Pennsylvania waters. A half dozen industri-
al plants recently received notices to provide additional
information in their operating reports that are routinely
submitted to the Department.
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129
W. A. Lyon
The conferees also agreed that secondary treatment
or its equivalent should be given to all wastes prior to
discharge to Lake Erie. Currently, one municipality with a
copulation of 2,500 and a nursing home in the Pennsylvania
portion of the basin do not have adequate facilities to
provide secondary treatment of sewage. The Borough of
Girard needs modification of its settling facilities and
addition of chlorination facilities. The borough has submitted
a satisfactory schedule and the schedule is included in Table
I. Alpine Manor Nursing Home has an overflowing septic tank.
Normal administrative procedures did not result in abatement
of the discharge and we are taking legal action here.
Although the sewage treatment plant serving the
City of Erie was designed to remove 70 percent of the bio-
chemical oxygen demand loading, it is removing more than 85
percent of the BOD, with monthly averages frequently exceed-
ing 90 percent. The city is considering plant modifications
to increase the design capacity to allow for future growth of
the city and adjacent municipalities. It is also considering
accepting certain wastes from the Hammermill Paper Company.
Pennsylvania has, since 195^, had a program of
financial assistance for operation and maintenance of muni-
cipal sewage treatment plants. Payments made annually are
based on 2 percent of eligible construction costs.
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130
W. A. Lyon
Pennsylvania has contributed approximately $^5 million
through this program to the municipalities as compared with
approximately $38 million under the Federal Water Pollution
Control Program for the same period. This year, Pennsyl-
vania's legislature has passed legislation to establish a
half billion dollar land and water reclamation and conserva-
tion fund. This fund would be established by a bond issue
which must be approved by a referendum. It is planned to
include this bond issue question on the primary election
ballot in May. Approximately one hundred million dollars of
this fund is to be used for construction grants for sewerage
treatment plants.
Table I lists the status of the sewerage cases in
the Pennsylvania portion of the Lake Erie Basin.
-------
Case Name
Erie
North East
Girard
Albion
Lake City
Municipality
Erie City
North East Boro
Girard Boro
Albion Boro
Lake City Twp.
TABLE I
SEWERAGE STATUS
(March, 196?)
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Pop. Served
140,000
4,200
2,500
1,900
1,700
Receiving Adequate Trt.
Stream Pac. Provided
Lake Erie
16 Mile Cr.
Elk Creek
Conneaut Cr.
Elk Creek
Yes
Yes
No*
Yes
Yes
* Settling facilities modifications and chlorination needed. Schedule submitted as follows
Plans - Completed Begin Construction - August 30, 1967
Advertise for Bids - June 15, 1967 Complete Construction - August 30, 1968
Receive Bids - July 15, 1967
OJ
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Case Name
Municipality
Fairview School Fairview Twp.
Erie County Home Fairview Twp.
Greene Twp.
Elementary School
(Wattsburg Greene Twp.
Talarico Truck
Stop Springfield Twp.
Howard Johnson
Motor Lodge Summit Twp.
Behrend Center
(Penn State
University) Harborcreek Twp.
Harborcreek
Twp. School
Oakdale Corpora-
tion (Holiday
Inn) Summit Twp.
County
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Harborcreek Twp. Erie
Poplar White
Thru Way
McKean Twp.
Erie
Erie
Pop. Served
700
675
600
420
400
400
350
300
Receiving
Stream
Trout Run
Trout Run
Four Mile Cr
Raccoon Cr.
Walnut Creek
Trout Run
Trout Run
Walnut Creek
Elk Creek
Adequate Trt.
Fac. Provided
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
U)
-------
Case Name
Terrace Rest.
(Boyd C. Chivers )
Mums Motel
Conneaut Valley
Union Joint Elem.
School
Kahkwa Club
Lakeshore Country
Club
Presque Isle State
Park
Traveler's Rest
Fairview Twp.
Industrial Develop-
ment Corp.
Municipality
Fairview Twp.
North East Twp.
Spring Twp.
Fairview Twp.
Fairveiw Twp.
Presque Isle
Summit Twp.
Receiving Adequate ,Trt.
County Pop. Served Stream Fac. Provided
Erie 300
Erie 250
Crawford 220
Erie 20O
Erie 200
Erie 200
Erie 175
Brandy Run
Trib. of
20 Mile Cr.
Conneaut Cr.
Walnut Creek
Unnamed Trib.
of Lake Erie
Erie Harbor
Walnut Creek
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fairview Twp,
Erie
165
Trout Run
Yes
-------
Case Name
Rondal Convalescent
Home
Humble Oil and
Refining Company
Summit School
District
Interpace Corp.
Larry's Truck Stop
(Lawrence Boyd)
Wenner's Esso
Station (Humble
Oil Co. )
Wilson Motel
Municipality
Summit Twp.
McKean Twp.
Summit Twp.
Pairview Twp.
North East Twp.
Pairview Twp.
North East Twp,
Receiving
County Pop. Served Stream
Adequate Trt.
Fac. Provided
Erie
Erie
128
Trib. Walnut Cr. Yes
Trib. Thomas Run Yes
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
Erie
110
100
100
90
90
Walnut Cr.
Walnut Cr.
Averill Run
Brandy Run
Unnamed Trib.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
16 Mile Creek
Alpine Manor Pairview Twp. Erie 50 Trout Run No*
Georgetown McKean Twp. Erie 40 Elk Creek Yes
*Case Involves an overflowing septic tank at a nursing home. The case is being handled
under the enforcement provisions of the Clean Streams Law. No schedule has been submitted.
U)
-------
W. A. Lyon 135
Three industrial waste cases in the Lake Erie
Basin do not have adequate treatment facilities. Although the
Hammermill Paper Company has eliminated a substantial portion
of its wastes from Lake Erie by injecting it into deep wells,
the remainder of the wastes are still not in compliance with
Sanitary Water Board requirements or the recommendations of
the Lake Erie conferees^.
At its last meeting the Sanitary Water Board
considered an abatement schedule submitted by the Hammermill
Paper Company. The schedule calls for treatment of the com-
pany's wastes at the City of Erie's sewage treatment plant.
Since this was printed, the Board has published
this report, and I will pass to you a copy of the order of
the Board which shows the recommendations of the Department
of Health, which the Board unanimously adopted. I will
merely summarize, but I would appreciate it if this item in
the order of business were made part of the record.
MR. STEIN: It will appear, without objection, in
the record as if read.
MR. LYON: Thank you.
Notes for 0. C., Sanitary Water Board Meeting -
March 15-16, 1967
G. Industrial Wastes - Request for approval of schedule for
construction of treatment works.
-------
W. A. Lyon 136
Division Recommendation: (l) That the Board deny the
request for approval of
schedule for construction
in the following case.
(2 ) That the Board issue the
following order:
(A) In the event that the company discharges wastes to
the City of Erie sewer system for treatment by the
city, the following permits issued to the company
shall be revoked on December 15, 1970:
Permit No. Dated Subject
1068-IW March 11, 19^9 Paper mill waste waters
13^9 Sept. 19, 1950 Debarking wastes
1554 July 23, 1952 Paper mill wastes
(B) In the event that the company elects to provide
treatment of its wastes by construction of its own
treatment facilities, the discharge to surface
waters of Lake Erie shall be effective December
15, 1970, limited to 22,800 pounds per day of bio-
chemical oxygen demand, and 14,100 pounds per day
of suspended solids. The discharge shall be free of
foam and shall not contain objectionable amounts of
-------
137
W. A. Lyon
color. Facilities to achieve compliance with this
order shall not be constructed until a permit for
construction has been issued by the Board.
(C) The company shall submit a schedule within 60 days
of receipt of this order indicating the steps to
be taken to achieve compliance with the order of
November 16, 1966, in the event that agreement cannot
be reached with the City of Erie for treatment of
its industrial wastes by the City of Erie.
(D) The Board shall notify the company of its intent to
revoke its permits for discharges to Lake Erie in
the event an acceptable schedule is not submitted
in accordance with Item C.
Name
Location
Type of Industry Receiving Stream
Mailing Address Degree of Treatment Date of Order
Hammermill Paper Co. Lake Erie Nov. 16, 1966
Erie, Erie,Co. Complete
Pulp and Paper Mill
Erie, Penna. 16512
Attn: D. T. Jackson, Vice Pres.
-------
138
W. A. Lyon
Remarks
The Board ordered this company to provide complete
treatment of industrial wastes on February 26, 1946. The
company has been granted ten extensions of time The eleventh
request was refused by the Board, but a schedule of compliance
expiring July 31> 1966, was approved.
An order was issued on November 16, 1966, requiring
the company to submit a new schedule indicating the steps that
will be taken to provide complete treatment of all industrial
wastes. The company submitted the attached schedule for
abatement by Joint treatment of industrial and municipal
wastes by the City of Erie. The dates in the schedule seem
to be reasonable for construction of a project of this size.
We requested the company to submit an alternate
schedule to indicate its plans in the event that an accept-
able agreement between the company and the City of Erie might
not be reached. The company has not submitted such an alter-
nate schedule committing itself to compliance with the
Board's order and the schedule submitted is in that sense
incomplete and unacceptable.
-------
W. A. Lyon
Schedule submitted by Hammermill Paper Company
on February 7, 1967, and
amended on March 7, 1967
139
March 15, 1967
March 31, 1967
April 15, 1967
August 1, 1967
October 1, 1967
December 31, 1967
December 31, 1967
All long delivery equipment on order.
Engineering design completed.
Contract let for construction.
Start pilot plant operation (depends on
delivery of equipment)
Commence negotiations with the City of
Erie and the Sewer Authority on a contract
dealing with the construction and operation
of a full-scale joint treatment facility.
Complete pilot plant study.
Conclude the basic negotiations for an
agreement between the City, Authority and
Hammermill. This should cover the con-
struction and operation of a plant to
jointly treat Hammermills1 waste with
city sewage and Hammermills1 participation
in construction and operating costs.
Hammermill will make every reasonable
attempt to reach such an agreement. Since
other parties are involved, there may be
-------
February 15, 1968
February 15, 1969
May 15, 1969
December 15, 1970
140
W. A. Lyon
delays which are beyond our control.
Final report on pilot plant study.
Completion by Consoer, Townsend & Associ-
ates of Final Plans and Specifications.
Allowing 90 days for advertising for bids,
receiving of bids, completing financial
negotiations, securing of approvals and
permits, contracts could be awarded.
Completion and placing the new facilities
into operation.
The Parker White Metal Company in Fairview Town-
ship, Erie County, has not complied with the Clean Streams
Law or the orders of the Sanitary Water Board. This case is
being handled under the enforcement section of the Clean
Streams Law. No satisfactory schedule has yet been submitted.
At its February 1967 meeting, the Sanitary Water
Board ordered the Erie Reduction Company, a fertilizer and
rendering company in Erie, to abate its discharge or treat its
waste. The Sanitary Water Board order included a compliance
date of March 1, 1968. The company has not yet submitted a
detailed schedule.
Table II is a summary of the status of industrial
wastes cases in the Pennsylvania portion of the Lake Erie Basin.
-------
Case Name
Albro Packing Company
Sealtest Poods
Hammermill Paper Co.
Interlake Steel Corp.
Kaiser Alum. & Chem.
Corp.
TABLE II
INDUSTRIAL WASTE STATUS
March, 196?)
Location
CRAWFORD COUNTY
Springboro
Springboro
ERIE COUNTY
Erie
Erie
Erie
Type Establishment
Pood Processing
Milk Processing
Integrated Pulp
and paper
Receiving Adequate Trt.
Stream Pac. Provided
Conneaut Cr.
Conneaut Cr.
Lake Erie
Integrated Steel Mill Lake Erie
Aluminum Products
Moten Run
Yes
Yes
No»
Yes
Yes
* Additional Treatment Required - Report on Sanitary Water Board action on proposed abatement
schedule to be given at March 22 conferees' meeting.
-------
Case Name
Penelec Company
Ruberoid Company
Welch Grape Juice Co.
J. McCormick Constr. Co
Nickel Plate Sand &
Gravel
Erie Ceramics
Erie Brewing Co.
Int. Pipe and Ceramics
Corp.
Parker White Metal Co.
Location
Erie
Erie
North East
Wesleyville
Fairview Twp.
Millcreek Twp.
Erie
Fairview Twp.
Fairview Twp.
Type Establishment
Electric Power
Coated Asphalt Products
Food Processing
Construction Materials
Sand Washery
Porcelain Enamel
Products
Brewery
Concrete Pipe
Metal Products
Receiving
Stream
Erie Bay
Erie Bay
16 Mile Creek
*4 Mile Creek
Trout Run
Unnamed Trib.
to Lake Erie
Mill Creek
Walnut Creek
Trout Run
Adequate Trt.
Fac. Provided
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No**
** This case is being handled under the enforcement provisions of the Clean Streams Law. No
schedule has yet been submitted.
ro
-------
Case Name
Gunnison Brothers
General Electric Co.
American Sterilizer Co
Ervlte Corp.
W. Ridge Gravel
Erie Reduction
Location
Type Establishment
Girard Tannery
Lawrence Park Twp. Heavy Machine Manuf,
Millcreek Twp. Hospital Equip.
Millcreek Twp. Steel Products
Girard Twp.
Erie
Sand & Gravel Washery
Rendering Plant
Receiving
Stream
Brandy Run
Lake Erie
Cascade Creek
Unnamed Trib.
to Lake Erie
Unnamed Trib.
to .Lake Erie
Lake Erie
Adequate Trt.
Fac. Provided
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No***
*** At its February 1967 meeting the Sanitary Water Board ordered the company to abate its
discharge or treat its waste. The construction order included a compliance date of March
1, 19.68.
u>
-------
144
W. A. Lyon
Pennsylvania Department of Health personnel have
served on the Enforcement Conference's Technical Committee,
which is investigating the nutrient problem of Lake Erie and
carrying out the assignment given to it by the conferees.
In November 1966, the Pennsylvania Sanitary Water
Board held a hearing to establish water quality standards for
Lake Erie. Testimony presented at the hearing is being
reviewed and proposed standards are currently being developed
by the Department of Health for inclusion in the abatement
plan to be submitted to the Secretary of the Interior. Appro-
priate recommendations will be made to the Sanitary Water
Board in the very near future. The Department of Health has
recommended that the Sanitary Water Board establish nutrient
standards for Lake Erie after the conferees consider the
recommendations of the Technical Committee that was created.
I think this is an important point, Mr. Chairman,
since we feel that agreement on nutrient levels among the
States represented among the conferees is essential before
Pennsylvania can set an abatement plan for nutrients.
The Pennsylvania Legislature authorized and appro-
priated funds for the construction of a water pollution control
laboratory to be located in Erie. Routine bacteriological
and chemical analyses for the Lake Erie area will be performed
in this laboratory rather than our central laboratory.
-------
W. A. Lyon
*
Arrangements are currently being made to obtain a site for
the laboratory.
That concludes our report.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there any comments or questions?
MR. POSTON: I would like to ask Mr. Lyon if there
is any difficulty in obtaining industrial waste data for open
file?
MR. LYON: No. You are free to obtain any data
that we have.
MR. POSTON: What I had reference to was whether
there was any difficulty in your obtaining industrial waste
data.
MR. LYON: We have had no difficulty. We have had
no problems.
MR. POSTON: Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Any other comments or questions?
MR. OEMING: Mr. Chairman?
MR. STEIN: Yes, Mr. Oeming?
MR. OEMING: I would be interested in knowing, Mr.
Lyon, what basis would be provided in this bond issue for
grants. On what percentage basis? Has that been spelled out?
MR. LYON: Yes. It is not in the legislation, but
we plan to use this $100 million to match the Federal 30
-------
146
W. A. Lyon
percent, or whatever the Federal grants will be, in accordance
with the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
MR. OEMING: I see.
MR. LYON: In a general way, that is how we plan
to use it, although now it looks as if the money will hardly
go anywhere in meeting our needs. We have 102 applications,
and if we were Just to pay 30 percent to all of them, we would
need an allotment from the Federal Government of $25 million.
That won't even meet the maximums in the Federal law. All we
are going to get is $10 million, so we are going to use a lot
of this State money to augment the Federal funds in addition
to matching, hoping to get the money back at a later date.
MR. STEIN: Are there any further comments or
questions?
(No response. )
MR. STEIN: If not, Mr. Lyon, is the story true
that I hear that the cover is an algae bloom of blue-green,
and as soon as we clear it up in Lake Erie, you are going to
change the color of your cover?
(Laughter.)
MR. LYON: That is correct. We wanted to commemorate
the algae problem and thereby made the color green. We will
change the color when the problem is solved.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
-------
147
W. A. Lyon
(Laughter.)
I think you have raised one significant point that
we should get an agreement on from the conferees, this notion
of nutrient standards for the lake, which I think is vital.
Maybe the feeling is that the conferees want to
examine the technical report a little more, because I think
establishing the nutrient standards, as you can appreciate
here, the indication of where the phosphates come from has
significant implications for particularly the soap and
detergent industry and every household in the country. I
think we are going to have to consider that carefully.
The question is whether you want to grapple with
that today, or go back to think about it and get together
later. I won't poll you on that yet until this afternoon.
I have one other point dealing with dumps, on
Page 2 of your report. Do I understand that exists along the
banks and along the shores of the rivers?
MR. LYON: This is the whole watershed, not just
along the riverbanks. I don't believe any of them are right
on the lakeshore, are they?
MR. LARRY MILLER: No.
MR. STEIN: But, as far as you are concerned, your
plans are Just to clean up nine of the nineteen and allow ten
-------
W. A. Lyon l48
*
to continue with dumps?
MR. LYON: No.
MR. STEIN: That Is not clear. I think that Is
what the clear implication is.
MR. LYON: Let me say this: That if these are
open dumps and they are not in fact causing pollution — and
I do not believe that any of them are in the lake itself —
we under our pollution law cannot take any action against
them; but if they are causing pollution as I have Indicated
here, we have required and will continue to require that some-
thing be done to correct it.
As I have read here, recommendations were made to
close five sites and to convert four of them in a satisfactory
landfill operation. If these are not carried out, appropriate
enforcement action will be taken.
We did have one problem — I don't think it was a
dump problem — where the Erie Yacht Club did have a fill,
sort of a breakwater that they were building into the lake,
and they were using some materials in that that we felt might
cause pollution. They were taken to court, and, I believe,
fined $500. That practice has now stopped.
MR. STEIN: One last question.
As I look at the Hammermill dates, the date for
completion, at least in your projected order, is December 15,
-------
149
W. A. Lyon
1970.
Do you anticipate that all the works will be
completed on or before this date, and I am talking about
municipal and industrial? Is this your outside date for full
completion?
MR. LYON: Yes.
MR. STEIN: I don't just mean Hammermill. No city
or industry that is under your Jurisdiction will have works
still pending by December 15, 1970? They will all be completed?
MR. LYON: Well, this is correct, except, you know,
there is Just one small Industry we have had to take -- you
notice the schedule for the Borough of Girard has a date of
compliance by August 30, 1968.
Now, the industry that we have had to take to court
is Parker White Metal, if you recall. That is in court, and
since I am not an attorney, Mr. Stein, I cannot set a schedule
for the court. You know that sometimes the courts take a lot
of time.
MR. STEIN: Well, you are the best reasonable
facsimile of an attorney I have seen.
However, we all recognize that. This is the point
we have in every case. If you go to court, obviously this
is out of your hands.
MR. LYON: Right.
-------
150 "
W. A. Lyon
*
MR. STEIN: The only thing that we can ask here
is that the administrative agency take action, and that your
dates will call for completion before that.
Of course, everyone has the right to go to court,
and they should have it. We recognize that this is something
that is possibly at least as important, if not more important
than, pollution control -- everyone's right to have his day
in court under our system. I don't think we would argue with
that.
Mr. Poole?
MR. POOLE: Does this December 15, 1970, date in-
clude nutrient removal?
MR. LYON: The Hammermill Paper Company does not
have a nutrient problem. That is where the date comes from.
MR. POOLE: Mr. Stein's question to you, though,
was does this include all of Pennsylvania's, and I thought
your answer was "yes."
MR. LYON: I don't think we have any particular
schedule at this point for nutrient removal. We have to be
able to get the engineering design data to be able to assign
dates, so I don't think we can set any schedule until the
engineering design information is available.
MR. POOLE: This is Indiana's feeling. That is
why I asked the question.
-------
151
W. A. Lyon
MR. LYON: Yes.
MR. POOLE: I wanted to know whether you were
committing yourself to nutrient removal in Erie, to be
specific, by December 15, 1970.
MR. LYON: Only to the extent that it can be
<*
maximized with the existing facilities, but this may, as we
well know, not be enough, and to set the standards which hope-
fully will be set for the nutrients, we cannot commit ourselves
to the schedule until the engineering design information is
available.
MR. STEIN: Thank you for that clarification.
Are there any further comments or questions?
MR. POSTON: I might, for your information, say
that I have just received word that Trenton, Michigan, has
received a demonstration grant for construction of a phosphate
removal pilot plant.
MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or
questions?
(No response. )
MR. STEIN: Let's try to take Indiana before we go
to lunch.
-------
152
P. Miller
STATEMENT OP PERRY MILLER, ASSISTANT
DIRECTOR, DIVISION OP SANITARY ENGINEER-
ING, INDIANA STATE BOARD OP HEALTH,
INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA
MR. MILLER: Mr. Chairman, Conferees, Ladies and
Gentlemen:
My name is Perry Miller. I am the Assistant
Director of the Division of Sanitary Engineering in the
Indiana State Board of Health, and I am presenting here a
statement on behalf of the Indiana Stream Pollution Control
Board.
The Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board has
made every effort to carry out the recommendations of the
conferees at the conference in the matter of pollution control
of Lake Erie and its tributaries, held on August 3> 1965.
A progress report was presented at June 22, 1966, meeting of
the conferees.
A public hearing on water quality was held at Port
Wayne on November 21, 1966, concerning the Maumee River Basin.
A summary report on the water quality and implementation was
prepared for this hearing. Testimony received at this hearing
was considered by the Board and amended criteria were adopted
-------
153
P. Miller
on February 21, 1967. A hearing on the amended criteria was
held on March 17, 1967. These criteria were adopted by the
Stream Pollution Control Board at its meeting yesterday,
March 21, 1967.
A report showing a revised implementation plan,
which includes the amended water quality criteria, has been
prepared.
The collection of data has continued at the four
water quality monitor stations in the basin. The data for
1965 and 1966 are shown in the appendix.
Industrial
Effluent monitoring programs have been established
at 16 of the 22 industries in the basin. These data are
maintained in open files. The remaining industries, with the
exception of Pranke Plating Company, Port Wayne, were not
required to establish monitoring programs. Pranke Plating
will reestablish the effluent monitoring program started in
1966.
Three industrial plants have improved or constructed
new treatment or control facilities since the Status Report
given on June 22, 1966.
Of the 22 industrial plants in the basin, 15 have
-------
154
P. Miller
adequate waste control facilities and seven need additional
treatment works. Six have waste treatment projects in the
planning stage and the Board has initiated enforcement action
with Parrot Packing Company, Inc., Fort Wayne.
Municipal
Effluent chlorlnation facilities are to be pro-
vided by Avilla, Berne, Butler, Port Wayne, Garrett, and
Waterloo by the end of 1968. The other municipalities in the
basin will be required to place existing chlorination facili-
ties in use and, where necessary, provide improvements to
these facilities in order to effect adequate effluent chlorina-
tion. Year-around chlorination of effluents will be required
in the basin to protect water quality for downstream uses of
public water supply. However, chlorination for purposes of
protecting recreational uses will be required from April 1
through October 31 in the St. Mary's River sub-basin.
Phosphate removal will be required at Port Wayne
as soon as practicable methods are developed.
The Board will require completion of construction
of needed waste treatment control facilities for industries
and municipalities by the end of 1968. If it appears that
the date will not be met, the Board will take the action
-------
155
P. Miller
needed to insure compliance.
I might say here in connection with trash dumps
that the Izaak Walton League in Port Wayne did report about
30 to us in the basin. All of them were investigated, and we
know of no effect upon the quality of interstate water.
Also, all municipalities have secondary treatment
facilities. Industries are relatively small. Therefore, we
have not required dates for submission of preliminary plans
and final plans, letting the contracts, etc. Our report will
cover only completion of facilities.
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN
Fort Wayne
The City of Fort Wayne is continuing effective
operation and maintenance of its sewage works facilities.
Recent monthly reports indicate average effluent BOD of less
than 20 mg/1 and suspended solids less than 15 mg/1.
Better phosphate removal has not been achieved.
The soluble orthophosphate in the final effluent averages
approximately 15 mg/1 as PO^. The proposed grant by the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration for a plant
study on phosphate removal was not approved for the city.
-------
P. Miller 15
The city applied for a demonstration grant to the
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration to provide
treatment of the overflow from combined sewers for approxi-
mately one-seventh of the city's drainage area; however,
the proposed project was not approved for a grant. The
proposed project provided for settling of storm overflows,
detention in a lagoon for storm overflow and plant effluent
and chlorination of lagoon effluent prior to discharge to
the receiving stream.
The city is now considering a research project to
study the effect of industrial waste on the treatability of
the sewage and wastes received at the sewage treatment plant.
Consideration is also being given to including a request for
funds to study phosphate removal in this project. The
development of a plant scale project for phosphate removal
will depend on the outcome of research by Port Wayne or other
research projects.
Plans and specifications have been approved for
sanitary sewers to be installed by a private corporation
in the fringe area east of Port Wayne with discharge to the
City of Port Wayne for treatment. This project would provide
sewer service for several industries, subdivisions, and
commercial establishments that now discharge inadequately
treated sewage and wastes to the Maumee River and tributaries
-------
157
P. Miller
thereto, downstream from Port Wayne. The petition for a
certificate of territorial authority is now pending before
the Indiana Public Service Commission.
The plans for abating the discharge of waste lime
sludge from the Port Wayne municipal water works have been
completed. Approval and completion of financial arrangements
are pending.
New Haven
The city is providing effective operation of its
sewage treatment works. Sewer improvements are needed to
reduce the overflow from combined sewers during wet weather
periods.
Diversified Utilities (Bullerman-Maumee River Plant)
The operation and maintenance of the utility's
sewage works has improved. The effluent BOD's and suspended
solids have been averaging from 15 to 20 mg/1. Effluent
chlorination facilities and a terminal lagoon are provided.
Plans have been approved for plant additions to provide
treatment capacity for additional sewer connections.
-------
P. Miller
Monroeville
158
The town is providing effective operation of its
sewage works.
Salisbury Division, Dana Corporation, Port Wayne
The corporation's monitoring program was estab-
lished during 1953. The results of the monitoring program
and inspections by representatives of the Board show that
adequate waste control is being maintained.
Essex Wire Corporation, Port Wayne
During February 196? > the corporation completed
connection of all wastewater to the Port Wayne sewerage system
and is conducting engineering studies on water reuse. The
corporation is providing adequate waste control.
Franke Plating Works, Inc., Fort Wayne
The company has contacted several consulting
engineering firms regarding design of needed plating waste
treatment facilities. The company is trying to employ a
-------
159
P. Miller
chemist and reestablish the effluent monitoring program
started in 1966. The Board will require renewal of the
effluent monitoring program and require completion of con-
struction of needed waste control facilities by the end of
1968.
General Plating and Engineering, Inc., Fort Wayne
The company established an effluent monitoring
program during 1966 and retained a consultant to design needed
plating waste treatment facilities. Plans and specifications
for the facilities are to be submitted during April 1967.
The Board will require completion of needed facilities by
December 1968.
Gladieux Oil Refining, Inc., Fort Wayne
An effluent monitoring program was established
during 1966. The results of the monitoring program and
inspections by representatives of the Board show that ade-
quate waste control is being maintained.
IT&T Federal Laboratories, Fort Wayne
-------
160
P. Miller
An effluent monitoring program was established
during 1966. The results of the monitoring program and
inspections by representatives of the Board show that ade-
quate waste control is being maintained.
International Harvester Company, Fort Wayne
The company has connected many additional waste
streams to the Fort Wayne sewerage system and is awaiting
construction of a sewer to serve the southeast area of the
plant. An effluent monitoring program was established during
1966. Significant progress has been made with reductions in
BOD, suspended solids, and oil. The Board will require the
company to provide adequate waste control by December '1968.
Magnavox Company, Fort Wayne
An effluent monitoring program was established
during 1966. The results of the monitoring program and
inspections by representatives of the Board show that ade-
quate control is being maintained.
Parrot Packing Co., Inc., Port Wayne
-------
161
P. Miller
A partial effluent monitoring program was estau-
llshed during 1966. Negotiations for a sewer connection to
an existing plant were initiated more than three years ago.
However, no construction timetable has been presented. The
Board at its February meeting scheduled a hearing with Parrot
on March 10, 1967 — at the request of the company's attorney,
this hearing was postponed to April 5th -- to determine if
the company is causing pollution and whether an order should
or should not be made ordering the Parrot Packing Co., Inc.,
to cease and desist from causing or contributing to the
pollution of the Maumee River.
Phelpa Dodge Copper Products Corp., Indiana Rod & Wire Div.,
Fort Wayne
An effluent monitoring program was established
during 1966. The results of the monitoring program and
inspections by representatives of the Board show that ade-
quate waste control is being maintained.
Zollner Corporation, Fort Wayne
Adequate waste control is provided. All wastes
except cooling waters discharge to the Port Wayne sewerage
-------
162
P. Miller
system.
Shaw'3 Dressed Poultry, Grablll
An effluent monitoring program was not required.
Inspections by representatives of the Board show that adequate
waste control is being maintained.
B. F. Goodrich Company, Woodburn
An effluent monitoring program was established
during 1966. The results of the monitoring program and
inspections by representatives of the Board show that adequate
waste control is being maintained.
ST. JOSEPH RIVER BASIN
Avilla
The town is providing effective operation of its
sewage works and waste stabilization ponds.
Auburn
-------
163
P. Miller
The sewage treatment plant Improvements have been
placed in operation. Effluent chlorination is being provided.
Improved treatment capability and effluent chlorination should
materially improve the condition of Cedar Creek downstream
from the city. The consulting engineering firm is providing
supervision of plant operation and laboratory control.
Butler
The city is providing effective operation of its
sewage treatment works.
Garrett
The city is providing effective operation of its
sewage treatment works. The effluent BOD's average under
15 mg/1. Effluent chlorination will be started not later
than April 1, 1967.
Waterloo
The town is providing effective operation of its
sewage treatment works; however, the outlying lift station
is still not in effective operation. The town has its
-------
164
P. Miller
consulting engineer working on a solution to the problem.
Crane Edmund Corporation, Butler
An effluent monitoring program was established
during 1966. Results of the monitoring program and inspec-
tions by representatives of the Board show that adequate waste
control is being maintained.
Universal Tool & Stamping Co., Inc., Butler
A partial effluent monitoring program was estab-
lished during 1966. Results of the monitoring program show
that concentrations of cyanide are significant. The company
plans to replace the zinc cyanide plating solution with an
acid zinc solution. Concentrations of zinc in the effluent
will be minimized by use of static rinse tanks. The modi-
fications should be completed during 196?.
Kitchen-Quip, Inc., Waterloo
A partial effluent monitoring program was estab-
lished during 1966. The results of effluent samples taken
by the Board show that concentrations of suspended solids,
-------
165
P. Miller
chromium, and zinc are significant. The company has contacted
consultants regarding design of industrial waste treatment
and control facilities. The Board will require completion
of construction of needed waste control facilities by
December 1968.
T. H. Products Corporation, Waterloo
No wastewater is discharged to tne receiving stream. Inspec-
tions by representatives of the Board show that adequate
waste control is provided.
Auburn Tankage Company, Auburn
The company has no waste discharge to the receiving
stream. Inspections by representatives of the Board show
that adequate waste control is provided.
County Line Cheese Company, Auburn
An effluent monitoring program was established
during 1966. The results of the monitoring program and
inspections by representatives of the Board show that adequate
waste control is being maintained.
-------
166
P. Miller
Warner Motive Division, Borg-Warner Corporation, Auburn
A partial effluent monitoring program was estab-
lished during 1966. The results of the monitoring program
show that concentrations of BOD, oil and suspended solids are
significant. Plans and specifications for oil separation
facilities and a waste stabilization pond were submitted on
March 2, 1967* and were considered satisfactory by the Board
at its meeting on March 21, 1967. The Board will require
completion of construction of approved facilities by December
1968.
Sechler and Sons, Inc., St. Joe
On July 13* 1966, the Board approved plans and
specifications for a waste stabilization pond and brine control
facilities for the company. The approved facilities were
completed during January 196?. An effluent monitoring program
is being established. The newly completed facilities will
provide adequate waste control.
ST. MARY'S RIVER BASIN
Berne
-------
P. Miller l67
The city is providing effective operation and
maintenance of its sewage works.
Decatur
The city is providing effective operation and
maintenance of its sewage works. Effluent BOD's and suspended
solids are averaging from 15 to 20 mg/1.
Central Soya Co., Inc., Decatur
The company established an effluent monitoring
program during 1964. The results of the monitoring program
and inspections by representatives of the Board show that
adequate waste control is being maintained.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The State has made substantial progress
towards carrying out the recommendations of the conferees.
2. All municipalities with recognized sewer
systems have secondary treatment works in operation.
3. The six municipalities without effluent
chlorination facilities will provide them by 1968.
-------
168
P. Miller
4. Port Wayne, the largest city in the basin, is
pursuing a program for the reduction of nutrients discharged
to the stream.
5. All industries which are required to provide
effluent monitoring have done so, except Pranke Plating
Works, Inc.
6. Fifteen of the twenty-two industries have
adequate treatment facilities, six have waste treatment
projects in the planning stage, and legal action has been
initiated against Parrot Packing Co., Inc.
7. The Board will require completion of construc-
tion of needed industrial waste treatment facilities by the
end of 1968.
This completes our report.
MR. STEIN: Thank you. The entire report will be
included in the record, as if read, without objection.
(The charts attached to Mr. Miller's report are
as follows: )
-------
ST. MARY'S RIVER, FT. WAYNE-1965
Station STM-I2
Date
Laboratory Analyses
Alkalinity (total)
as CaCO, mg/liter
Chlorides as Cl-
ing/liter
Nitrates as N
mg/liter
W
c,
Spec. Conductance
/iinhos./cm
Hardness as
CaCO., mg/liter
o
3
ni
-4J
73
1
o
8
Turbidity
Susp. Matter
mg/liter
Vol. Susp. Matter
mg/liter
Phosphates
°?
BOD mg/liter
Conform
per 100 ml.
Field Tests
Temperature— C.°
Dissolved
Oxygen
-------
ST. MARY'S RIVER, FT. WAYKE - 1966
Station STM-12
DATE
1 11 66
1 12 66
1 27 66
2 10 66
2 24 65
3 10 66
3 24 66
4 6 66
4 21 66
5 5 66
5 19 66
6 3 66
6 16 66
6 30 66
7 14 66
7 29 66
3 11 66
S 25 66
9 9 66
9 22 66
10 6 66
10 19 66
11 3 66
11 16 66
12 1 66
12 15 66
12 30 66
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
UJ
1 2 S
•* S **
-S 0
174
184
168
162
162
192
203
142
163
220
216
194
163
234
208
202
232
172
20"C
212
132
148
RO
202
o ^
37
72
41
36
32
43
65
26
27
45
62
77
21
122
c
105!
146
97
9C
129
47
40
12
62
^ «
•* as
ac
U2
«
1.6
8.3
9.0
5.7
5.5
.2
5.3
5.6
3.4
.5
.8
5.4
.3
.8
a
7*9
9
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.5
8.0
8.5
7.5
7.5
8.0
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.4
.4 7.9
7.6
.ft 7,9
• 9J 8.1
.8 7.9
.
5.9
6.3
5.0
5.8
.
7.3
7.2
6.6
7.9
SE ~~
S =3 O
VI Q X,
5 1
815
963
815
706
664
815
1042
64?
706
877
99<5
824
531
1098
1152
109C
1317
1058
1151
124
-------
ST. JOSEPH RIVER (Maumee River Basin), FT. WAYNE-1965 Station STJ-8
Date
Laboratory Analyses
Alkalinity (total)
as CaCO3 mg/liter
Chlorides as Cl —
mg/liter
Nitrates as N
mg/liter
W
P.
Spec. Conductance
/imhos./cm
Hardness as
CaCO3 mg/liter
JL4
0
"3
O
Odor— Qualitative
Turbidity
Susp. Matter
mg/liter
Vol. Susp. Matter
mg/liter
Phosphates
CO
n
-------
-ST. JOSEPH RIVER (Matmee River Basin). FT. WAYHE - 1966
Station STJ-8
DATE
1 12 66.
1 26 66
2 9 66
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
u
>- t
Izi
2 &2
5
210
242
2 23 66] 222
3 9 66, 192
3 23 66
4 5 66
4 20 66
5 5 66
5 18 66
6 _2 66
6 15 66
6 29 66
7 13 66
7 28 66
8 10 66
B 27 66
9 B 66
0 21 66
10 5 66
10. 19 66
11 2 66
11 16 66
112
204,
226
192
160
224
262
242
184
240
23C
264
220
232
66
23 6
284
156
11 30 66]' 192
12 14 66, 94
12 29 66
200
j
** M
^ £
a: ***
5
13
26
15
18
15
14
51
13
11,
14
17
1C
14
52
IE
1 *3
17
2C
34
27
22
24
2C
11
a;
"* S
*** —
s 1
as
3.2
.
1.0
r
a
7.9
9
7.6
S 3
j 2 >
S | |
623
706
R.3) 6.9J 681
2.2
2.3
1.8
1.0
7.8
7,5
7.6
7.9
2.9] 7,7
3.0
1.?
.7
.8
2.4
1.6
.5
.5
.1
.1
7.5
7.2
7e7
7.3
7.2
7.7
7.6
7.?
7.6
B.C
.9 8.5
.lJ 7.8
• U 8,3
7.Q 7.6
3.4 7.4
58S
611
64?
66?
557
504
679
674
542
546
^QC
663
676
618
607
5 nc
736
751
635
643
5.7J 6.5! 37^
16: 3.2j 8.0
582
^
s "
3 S
a „
«s S
•5
354
374
364
30£
342
334
342
306
274
380
358
35C
272
34E
314
334
302
32C
16C
360
0
6
u
40
20
>
i<
gj
D
a
0
E
25(0
3000
2^00
>•
a
m
t—
25
If
15
2C
5C1
2QOO 1!
2QOO 3C
5000
500C
25JOO
loc
35E
2C
20
1C
1C
1C
34Q 1C
3ld 5C
344 50
OC
M.
OC
OC
OC
OC
oa
OC
00
oa
1961 7CJOC
33C
3C
OC
8C
6C
3C
6C
9C
25C
5C
4C
4C
17C
4C
1C
15
1C
4C
5C
9C
It
3
i 5
a i
16
12
14
€
,^i
.5
.E
H
•3
•it
>i|
•'
AC
MJ
<
S
o
o
1.9
.
2.5
2.5
!•/<
1.8
2.!
3»9
_,•
1 I
S 2
a.
1500Q
RIVER
9700C
70C
90C
330f
810C
400C
l.SJ 250C
4.3 760C
2.9 13000C
i.d
4.1
6»1
3.C
4.7
2.^
6.'
2.C
5.2
3«C
5.C
2.1
3.2
2««
2.S
FIELD TESTS
o
o
UJ
at
kU
ll
1
1C
i
18
1*
1*
1€
300(32^
isoq
4300C
1400C
220C
12000C
120C
670C
40C
70C
50C
690C
16000C
2400C
600C
28
2~
2£
22
22
2C
If
12
c
«
j
2
DISSOLVED
OXYGEN
„
t
E
14.2
a
12. f
12. S
12."
11.1
11. •
11. £
89 J
9.'
-t
v»
98
81
8?
9?
-------
MAUMEE RIVER, NEW HAVEN-1965
Station M-IIO'
Laboratory Analyses
Date
M
3 cu
«£!
•— ' r-
Alkalinity
as CaCO,, i
1
o
a
Chlorides
mg/liter
Nitrates a
mg/liter
W
o.
cu
o
G
-t-2
CJ
si
W a.
cu
Hardness
CaCO3 mg
"o
O
cu
_OJ
13
Odor— Qu
Turbidity
cu
-tJ
w E
OJ
CtJ
<3
Vol. Susp.
mg/liter
W
Phosphate
w
pq
«
•4-P
BOD mg/1
Coliform
per 100 ml
Field Tests
„
o
cu
3
Temperat
Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/liter
"S
ra
W
o,
Flow
Flow cfs.
1-13-65
1-26-65
2-10-65
2-24-65
3-10-65
3-22-65
4- 7-65
4-21-65
5- 3-65
5-19-G5
6- 4-65
6-16-65
7- 1-65
7-13-65
7-28-65
8-12-65
8-26-65
9- 9-65
9-23-65
10- 4-65
10-21-65
11- 3-65
11-16-65
12- 1-65
12-16-65
12-29-65
166
88
174
160
86
130
86
148
156
204
210
216
228
176
191
227
227
200
152
188
208
98
240
232
124
100
36
23
11
25
14
22
10
18
16
25
26
35
39
38
38
54
43
43
27
39
44
30
28
26
18
10
Min . 86 10
Max . 2^0 5U
Ave. 170 28
Median Value
5.4
5.6
3.1
5.9
8.2
5.4
5.0
4.4
3.8
1.7
2.8
0.0
1.0
4.5
3.6
1.8
1.3
2.3
3.4
3.4
0.8
4.6
1.1
2.1
6.4
4.7
0.0
8.2
3-7
8.2
7.6
8.5
7.9
8.5
8.1
8.0
8.2
8.3
8.2
7.8
7.8
8.1
8.0
8.2
8.1
8.5
7.9
8.8
8.1
7.7
7.9
8.1
7.8
7.5
7.4
7*
8.8
7.8
770
493
329
706
324
534
320
581
564
720
—
561
773
648
—
806
672
521
611
730
729
756
SCO
706
525
368
320
806
606
350
272
288
338
164
277
183
238
284
340
330
378
342
282
268
328
304
316
292
300
350
362
356
350
280
176
176
378
300
30 0
30 O
5 O
30 O
50 0
40 O
40 0
60 G
30 Mm
50 Mm
30 C
20 0
25 M
20 Mm
25 M
20 0
20 O
25 0
40 O
5 Mm
25 O
50 Mm
30 M
40 0
50 O
— G
5
60 :
30
40
210
1,500
20
150
20
1,400
100
75
30
30
20
15
10
20
20
10
30
100
20
40
30
40
90
140
250
10
ihOO
170
24
150
1,720
24
77
17
812
67
53
31
50
17
14
24
24
24
9
34
68
23
22
35
22
36
87
211
9
812
9
28
264
8
15
6
76
8
11
10
14
7
7
12
9
9
4
21
6
12
7
12
12
15
37
38
k
26k
25
1.3
0.5
0.5
1.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.7
2.1
3.3
4.5
3.2
6.0
6.5
2.5
4.0
2.8
0.7
2.7
1.9
1.7
2.3
1.3
0.7
0.5
0.3
6.5
2.0
— 10.0
— 5.3
— —
— —
— 3.7
— 3.8
— 12.0
— 3.3
— 3.7
— 4.7
— 5.1
— 6.3
— 2.5
— 4.3
— 4.0
— 3.3
— 3.0
— 4.1
— 2.9
— 3.8
— 8.6
— 5.2
— 19.0
— 4.8
— 5.0
— 4.8
2.5
19.0
5-5
130,000 0
140,000 2
270,000 6
— 0
32,000 1
32,000 3
50,000 9
59,000 12
15,000 16
11,000 22
280,000 .17
590,000 23
260,000 25
29,000 25
10,000 27
— 25
— 25
13,000 21
250,000 21
80,000 15
560,000 18
480,000 13
720,000 12
130,000 2
71,000 4
35,000 1
10,000
720,000
80,000
8.4
11.1
7.9
7.1
8.6
8.6
11.3
10.4
6.8
7.5
6.3
5.2
7.1
6.6
4.8
6.5
8.1
7.8
7.4
6.8
5.1
8.3
6.1
12.5
12.2
13.5
5-1
13-5
8.1
58
81
63
49
60
63
98
96
68
85
76
60
85
79
60
78
96
87
82
67
52
79
56
91
92
94
98
75
7.3
—
—
7.4
8.1
7.9
—
7.6
—
7.9
7.6
7.6
—
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.3
7.5
7.1
—
—
7.5
—
7.6
7.6
7.8
7.1
8.1
7.6
384
3,280
8,630
521
9,300
1,920
7,910
—
1,790
493
376
232
160
126
160
110
139
205
334
195
385
320
340
510
2,500
6,400
UJ
-------
MA.UMEE RIVER, NEW HAVEN - 1966
Station M-110'
„.
DATE
1 12 66
1 12 66
1 26 66
2 9 66
2 23 66
3 9 66
3 23 66
4 5 66
4 20 66
5 5 66
5 1R 66
6 2 66
6 15 66
6 29 66
7 13 66
7 23 66,
8 10 66
8 24 66
9 8 66
9 21 66
10 5 66|
10 19 66
11 2 66
11 16 66
11 30 6f-
12 14 66
12 29 df.
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
<*
>- -^
«( O 0
5
20C
236
266
208
198
180
194
206
216
186
Jt
uj •_
1 ^
18
36
22
X
*** 3J
*T ^,
e s
4.8
1.9
1.9
X
a
P.O
T« *5
7.8
55) 1.6] 7.8
25, 4.2 7.8
22 4.4
26
21
29
16
150) 14
23q 281
202
214
170
202
198
19C
22C
200
228
216
154
152
QC
198
37
35
54
39
53
42
74
74
6C
3.3
2.6
1.0
4.3
5.5
.'.7
.5
1.2
4.5
.7
1.2
1.6
.3
.3
1.1
.9
,
39 6.3
7.7
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.6
7.2
7.C
7.5
7.1
7.2
7.C
7.5
7.1
7.6
7.4
9
7.4
4? 5.61 7.4
12 5.2 6.6
32 4.3 8.C
S 3
j| = 2
S s
S a.
642
746
784
921
683
64?
664
683
211
557
530
726
696
597
74g
63-
591
65^
746
835
QQC
76-
67*
662
343
72?
(M
5 "
S «
3= *
« e?
x ,3
330
364
396
432
340
402
352
344
342
306
264
356
294
31C
31C
282
27*
27*
28C
316
2SC
302
31C
282
234
37C
0
0
u
50
til
oH
°<
D
O
0
2CJOC
25G
1 5iMN
25M
25)M
2 5,00
230C
25JOC
40
40
25
2C
25
25
3C
2C
2C
2C
25
2C
15
5C
35
oc
oc
M
M
E
E
OC
M
M
E
c
OC
oc
M
OC
5QOC
350C
>.
E
CO
^
h-
3C
1C
15
15
25
4C
2C
3C
9C
9C
35
8C
3f
17C
3f
15
35
1C
2C
t
2C
4f
6C
13C
2C
ee
t UJ
^ *-
3 ^
ft S
*^
39
16
If
Ifi
27
53
30
35j
51
65
A "
3*
lj
16<
n
I!
25
12
1C
11
«
3^
3«
ae
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48000
5200C
3100C
130000
1900C
10000C
270Q
100000C
1000C
4500QC
12000C
200000C
13000C
2400C
230000C
340000C
58000C
4800f
390000C
5200C
CLOSED
49000C
6600C
2000C
FIELD TESTS
o
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7.5
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7,5
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.
S
2
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666
414
749
1030
1280
722
464
1570
3770
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328
48?
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7.2 173
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6.1
,
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7.;
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135
114
179
101
9S
ROAD
820
1400
13800
1090
Min.
Max.
Ave.
90
266
195
12
55
37
.3
6.3
2.8
6.6
8.0
7.5
211
995
668
280
U32
320
15
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i
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o.i 2.3 . 2,700 1.6 19 5.6
6.5 ll.o 3,900,000 15.if 157 8.0
2.1* k.6 100,000* 8.0 69 7.2
^Median Value
-------
MAUMEE RIVER, WOODBURN-1965
Station M-95,
Date
Laboratory Analyses
^
3l
Alkalinity
as CaCO3 1
J,
Q
W
o!
Chlorides
mg/liter
Nitrates a
mg/liter
W
P.
o
c
03
g
T3 fl
W a.
K
«5
Hardness
CaCOa mg
"3
o
i
«
03
"3
Odor — Qu
Turbidity
Lt
Susp. Mat
mg/liter
-+J
1
||
ta
Phosphat
05
.8
BOD mg/1
gs
^ O
OO
O QJ
O a
Field Tests
„
O
a
3
Temperat
Dissolved
Oxygen
mg/liter
i
B
Flow
Flow cfs.
1-13-65
1-26-65
2-10-S5
2-24-65
3-10-65
3-22-65
4- 7-65
4-21-65
5- 3-65
5-19-65
6- 4-65
6-16-65
7- 1-65
7-13-65
7-28-65
8-12-65
8-26-65
9- 9-65
9-22-65
10- 4-65
10-21-65
11- 3-65
11-16-65
12- 1-65
12-16-65
12-29-65
Min.
Max.
Ave.
168
98
248
154
76
127
92
148
150
222
198
212
232
204
180
212
217
198
146
80
212
166
230
220
126
100
76
2U8
170
39
23
13
25
14
21
11
18
18
27
26
32
55
45
28
48
50
38
27
35
51
32
30
28
19
10
10
55
29
6.0
5.9
2.9
5.1
4.9
5.3
4.8
4.4
4.2
2.0
3.7
2.5
2.6
1.9
2.0
2.6
3.3
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.3
3.4
2.7
2.1
7.8
4.5
1.9
7.8
3-9
8.2
7.6
8.5
7.8
7.9
8.1
7.9
8.2
8.3
8.2
7.6
8.0
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.4
8.2
8.2
7.9
8.5
7.5
7.6
8.2
7.8
7.7
7.4
8i5
7.8
742
477
335
684
309
521
341
573
550
733
—
571
851
713
—
760
689
521
611
683
729
784
857
706
502
357
309
857
608
336
252
360
318
162
266
194
288
280
344
332
370
364
312
268
332
320
316
278
288
352
362
370
364
272
178
162
370
302
2$
30
5
30
50
40
35
60
40
50
30
20
30
20
20
30
20
25
50
35
30
50
35
40
80
—
5
80
35
o
o
o
o
0
M
O
G
M
O
M
M
O
Mm
M
M
O
O
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
G
30
230
2,500
20
160
30
800
100
80
50
100
80
90
100
50
40
60
—
100
20
25
30
35
90
150
260
20
800
35
17
194
1,780
19
79
36
744
61
61
33
88
68
56
73
39
54
35
49
78
17
26
29
22
30
52
239
17
88
7
38
264
4
15
8
68
12
13
13
20
17
20
22
14
22
10
9
7
10
8
8
8
15
37
42
68
18
1.7
0.6
0.5
1.2
0.1
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.9
1.4
2.4
6.5
3.5
2.6
3.0
4.3
2.1
1.8
1.7
6.9
1.3
1.8
1.8
1.4
0.5
0.1
6.9
2.0
— 6.3
— 5.0
— —
— —
— 2.4
— 3.0
— 3.9
— 2.7
— 3.7
— 5.1
— 3.7
— 6.4
— 5.0
— 2.5
— 4.9
— 4.7
— 3.2
— 3.7
— 2.4
— 2.5
— 5.9
— 3.2
— 4.1
— 5.4
— 4.9
— 4.6
2.U
6.k
29,000
92,000
220,000
—
31,000
7,700
61,000
35,000
12,000
38,000
77,000
33,000
2,700
4,800
6,000
2,800
—
—
94,000
120,000
310,000
32,000
24,000
30,000
83,000
41,000
2,700
310,000
33,000*
0
2
6
0
1
2
8
12
16
23
18
21
24
25
27
25
25
22
22
15
17
13
12
2
4
1
10.1
10.7
7.0
8.0
8.8
20.1
10.3
10.0
5.8
7.7
5.7
11.0
8.2
10.6
6.8
6.8
7.8
7.8
7.3
8.2
5.3
9.2
9.7
14.2
12.2
12.5
5-3
20.1
9.3
69
77
56
55
61
144
87
92
58
89
58
122
96
126
84
81
93
88
82
81
54
87
89
102
92
87
86
7.5
—
—
7.5
7.6
—
7.4
7.6
—
—
7.4
7.8
7.6
7.8
7.6
7.2
7.6
7.4
7.5
—
—
8.1
—
7.6 '
7.8
7.8
7-2
8.1
7.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
•^Median Value
-------
MA.UKEE RIVER. WOODBUM - 1966
Station M-95
DATE
1 12 66
1 26 66
2 23 66
LABORATORY ANALYSIS
K
>- i=
133
.< o n
VI
-J
•* s
UJ "2
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3;
256| 32
176 2£
3 9 64 178J 26
3 23 66 190 26
4 5 66! 20S 24
4 20 6ft 204J 26
5 4 66J 170 2C
5 IB 6d 156] 15
6 2 66i 22fl 24
6 15 66. 2V
ii
o
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M
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ta
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3
1?
15
35
12C
06 4(
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si
25E
20E
25E
25E
25
2C
15
2C
2C
1*
15
3C
5C
5C
3C
OC
M
MN
OC
M
OC
OC
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OC
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OC
2<
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5C
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6C
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12C
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101
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71
86
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A.
RIVER
6100C
100C
490C
13000C
2400C
700C
3200C
9400C
20000C
3200C
1800C
45000C
10000C
300C
1200C
1300C
12000C
500C
420C
CLOSED
2500C
6400C
4300C
23000C
FIELD TESTS
o
*?
UJ
=3
1
2
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f
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OXYGEN
•s.
9
11. £
12.2
13.1
8»?
lo.;
5
*~
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103
7<
i 84
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a
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15. (
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86
91
lOi
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51
71
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76
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7«'!
70'
7o'
7«<
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7.1
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a
6.;
6.1
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FLOW
.
i
FROZEh
i
ROAO
Kin. 88 12 .5 6.6 343 178
Max. 256 62 8.9 8.2 84? 4o8
Ave. 194 35 3.4 7.5 685 316
Value
15
50
25
10
450
70
8
53
0
36
12
0.1
6.0
2.7
2
10
5
.6
.0
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1
450
32
,000
,000
,000*
3.2
15.6
9-5
39
180
88
6.2
3.0
7.3
,O\
-------
LAKE ERIE - WATER QUALITY
SUPPIEMENTAL DATA
q
Date ^
1
O m
J- H
O -H
H to O
,-t
o
c
m
-------
178
P. Miller
MR. STEIN: Are there any comments or questions?
Let me ask you Just one, Mr. Miller.
MR. MILLER: Go ahead.
MR. STEIN: This is an excellent report, and I
do think it gives substantial progress.
Let's look at this, for example, on Page 6. For
Decatur you state, "Effluent BOD's and suspended solids are
averaging from 15 to 20 mg/1," and then in some cities you
don't have that. Why do you list it in some and not in
others?
MR. MILLER: Well, in some we have better report-
ing than we do in others.
Some of these are pretty small, and we go on the
basis of inspections of operation rather than complete reports,
as we do in others.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
Are there any other comments or questions?
MR. POSTON: To summarize, Perry, you would say
that you would be in compliance with recommendations for
municipal works and industrial works then by the end of 1968?
MR. MILLER: This is correct.
MR. POSTON: They would all be complete?
MR. MILLER: With the exception of nutrients and
phosphates. As far as secondary treatment and chlorination
-------
179
P. Miller
of effluents, yes, and industrial wastes, yes.
MR. POOLE: I want to elaborate a little more.
We have just gone through our hearings in
adopting the water quality standards, and in these hearings
we have used these same timetables, but there is in our
judgment a problem at Fort Wayne, which I think is legalized.
The river is very small, in comparison with the whole sewage
load, and we are saying that Fort Wayne will ultimately need
tertiary treatment.
However, I think the treatment that is in effect
at Fort Wayne will satisfy conditions at the State line, but
it will not satisfy our new water quality criteria immediately
below Fort Wayne.
MR. STEIN: Are there any other comments or
questions?
MR. POSTON: I might ask Mr. Miller if he has any
difficulties.obtaining industrial waste information for open
file?
MR. MILLER: No. I might say the only difficulty
we really encountered was with Franke, and they lost their
chemist and no longer had anyone to make the analyses for
them. They are now in the process of contracting with an
outside chemist to do this work for them, but we have had
no difficulties.
-------
180
P. Miller
MR. POSTON: Thank you.
MR. STEIN: Any further comments or questions?
(No response.)
MR. STEIN: If not, I think we have moved along
rather well with this.
We will recess for an hour for lunch.
(Whereupon, at 12:10 p.m., a luncheon recess was
taken. )
-------
181
R. Purdy
AFTERNOON SESSION
(1:10 p.m.)
MR. STEIN: May we reconvene?
We will call on the State of Michigan.
MR. OEMING: Mr. Chairman, Mr. Purdy has a state-
ment to present on behalf of the State of Michigan. Mr. Purdy
is the Chief Engineer.
STATEMENT OF RALPH PURDY, CHIEF ENGINEER,
MICHIGAN WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION,
LANSING, MICHIGAN
MR. PURDY: Chairman Stein, Conferees:
I am Ralph Purdy, Chief Engineer of the Michigan
Water Resources Commission, and I have a written statement
to present to you today on behalf of the Michigan Water
Resources Commission.
At the reconvened conference in Cleveland, Ohio,
in June 1966, the Michigan Water Resources Commission
presented a report outlining the remedial action that had
been instituted by the State of Michigan to abate pollution
and to enhance and preserve the water quality in the Michigan
waters of Lake Erie and its tributaries. This report
-------
182
R. Purdy
pointed out how water quality goals had been established for
the Detroit River and the Michigan waters of Lake Erie.
It also described how industrial and municipal effluent
restrictions were adopted by the Commission to meet the water
quality goals and how formal stipulations setting forth time
schedules for the construction of treatment facilities to
meet these effluent restrictions were signed by 35 of the 36
industries and governmental entities involved. The summary
of the third meeting of the conferees in the second session
of this conference (June 22, 1966) states under Item (l)
time schedules for remedial action, "The Michigan detailed
remedial schedule (Appendix A) was reviewed and deemed to be
satisfactory." This report then covers the compliance status
of the previously accepted time schedules and certain other
pertinent pollution control activities.
Scott Paper Company
It was previously reported to the conferees that
the Michigan Water Resources Commission had not been able to
reach an agreement with Scott Paper Company concerning improved
wasce treatment at its Detroit plant and that the Commission
had taken the first step in enforcement proceedings to require
pollution abatement. We are pleased to report that a
-------
183
R. Purdy
stipulation was signed by the Scott Paper Company and the
Commission on November 4, 1966, whereby the company agreed
to restrict its waste discharges to the levels specified
in the Notice of Determination and Hearing adopted by the
Water Resources Commission. A copy of the Notice was con-
tained in our report at the second session of this conference,
The time schedule is as follows: (A copy of the signed
Stipulation is included as Appendix A.)
This calls for:
Construction plans for solids
reduction
Place solids reduction facili-
ties in operation
Preliminary plans for BOD
reduction
Construction plans for BOD
reduction
Place BOD reduction facilities
in operation
May 1, 1967
May 1, 1968
January 1, 1968
January 1, 1969
January 1, 1970
The signing of this Stipulation places all
twenty-five industries and all eleven governmental entities
along the Michigan shore of Detroit River-Lake Erie under a
voluntary pollution abatement program with firm commitments
-------
184
R. Purdy
as to effluent quality and time schedules for achieving that
quality.
Industrial and Municipal Time Schedules
The time schedules previously reported are
summarized in Appendix B and C. Twenty-three dates have
fallen due In these schedules as of March 1967. Performance
has been timely in each and every case.
Operating Reports
The Stipulations signed by the industries and
governmental units previously mentioned contained the follow-
ing clause:
"Perform analyses to determine the content of
the substances enumerated in paragraph 1 hereof to
the extent necessary and sufficient to demonstrate
compliance status, and file reports of said
analyses with the Chief Engineer of the Commission
at the end of each month, beginning January 31> 1967."
Standard report forms have been developed by
the Commission and furnished to the various industries and
governmental units. Reports are being received. A copy
-------
185
R. Purdy
of the January 196? report from the City of Detroit is
included as Appendix D as an example of the type of data
being received.
Water Quality Surveillance of the Michigan Waters of Lake
Erie and its Tributaries
Michigan's water quality surveillance program
of the Huron and Raisin Rivers was described to the con-
ferees during the Cleveland conference in June 1966. In
addition to these two monitoring programs that were started
in 1963, the Commission has substantially expaned its sur-
veillance of the Detroit River and Michigan waters of Lake
Erie. This latter program is comprised of three major
types of activities.
1. Sampling and testing of water samples of
the Detroit River and Lake Erie at 65 loca-
tions along seven established river and lake
ranges.
2. Sampling and testing of 75 municipal and
industrial waste discharges along the
Detroit, Rouge, Huron and Raisn Rivers.
3. Patrolling by boat and helicopter, during
which the general condition of the river
and waste discharges are observed.
-------
186
R. Purdy
Normally, one day a week ia spent on each of
the three types of activities. This schedule results in a
sampling frequency of about once per month at each river
observation point and waste discharge location. Where
abnormal waste discharges are encountered, more frequent
samples are taken and visits to the industry or governmental
unit are made to secure improved operation of existing waste
control facilities.
River range samples are normally tested for
phenol, chlorides, sulfates, soluble phosphates, ammonia
nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, iron, cyanide, suspended solids,
pH, dissolved oxygen and total coliform bacteria. Industri-
al and municipal waste discharges are sampled for the speci-
fic pollutlonal constituents peculiar to the individual
waste. Each month about 700 individual analyses are per-
formed by the Water Resources Commission on samples collected
All river range sample analyses data are forwarded to the
International Joint Commission for its use.
River ranges that are being sampled under the
Michigan Water Resources Commission surveillance program
are DT 30.8 West, DT 30.7 East, DT 20.6, DT 14.6, DT 8.7,
DT 3.9 and a range from the mouth of the Huron River to
Detroit Light. There are another 19 stations in the
Michigan waters of Lake Erie that are being sampled by
-------
R. Purdy l87
the Federal Water Pollution Control Administration under a
cooperative arrangement between Michigan and that agency.
An additional activity that has been instituted
by the Commission is the night sampling dissolved oxygen
profile determination. This has been established to get an
idea of the oxygen consuming effect of storm water overflows
from the various sources along the Detroit River. Minimum
dissolved oxygen values have been observed near the mouth
of the Detroit River about one to two days after heavy
rains occur in the area. The Commission's program calls for
sampling the entire length of the river after major storms
that occur in late summer and early fall. The Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration is also doing this
type of night sampling, but only in an area at the mouth of
the Detroit River. It is hoped that the data from these
two programs will complement each other and that much will
be learned of the effect of storm water overflows.
The 1966 water quality data for the Detroit
River and Michigan waters of Lake Erie has been tabulated.
Limited copies have been published and may be obtained
from the Commission offices upon request.
-------
188
R. Purdy
APPENDIX A
STATE OF MICHIGAN
STIPULATION BETWEEN THE WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION
an agency of the State of Michigan
and
SCOTT PAPER COMPANY
a Pennsylvania Corporation
To restrict the content of industrial wastes
discharged to the waters of the State at
Detroit, Michigan
WHEREAS, the Water Resources Commission of the State of
Michigan, hereinafter referred to as the Commission,
is by law charged with the responsibility of pro-
tecting and conserving the water resources of the
State of Michigan and the Great Lakes, which are or
may be affected by waste disposal of municipalities,
industries, public or private corporations, indi-
viduals, partnership associations, or any other
entity; and
-------
189
R. Purdy
WHEREAS, the Commission is authorized by statute to control
and prohibit the pollution of said waters and to
bring any appropriate action deemed necessary to
enforce any and all laws relating to the pollution
of the waters of this state; and
WHEREAS, the Commission, meeting in the City of Detroit,
Michigan on August 25, 1965 did adopt water
quality goals to improve and protect the various
water uses of the Rouge and Detroit Rivers and
Michigan waters of Lake Erie; and
WHEREAS, the Commission, meeting in the City of East
Lansing, Michigan, on January 6, 1966, did estab-
lish requirements and time schedules deemed neces-
sary to be met by various industries and govern-
mental units for abatement of their respective
contributions to the pollution of the Rouge and
Detroit Rivers, the Michigan waters of Lake Erie
and its tributaries; and
WHEREAS, Scott Paper Company, a Pennsylvania Corporation,
hereinafter referred to as the Company, discharges
industrial wastes from its Detroit Plant at Detroit,
Michigan into the Rouge River, said wastes con-
taining suspended solids and oxygen consuming sub-
stances; and
-------
190
R. Purdy
WHEREAS, it is the opinion of the Commission that said
substances in the wastes discharged by the Company
are or may become injurious to the public health,
safety or welfare; or are or may become injurious
to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural,
recreational, or other uses which are being made
of such waters; or are or may become injurious to
livestock, wild animals, birds, fish, aquatic life,
or plants or the growth or propagation thereof be
prevented or injuriously affected; or whereby the
value of fish and game is or may be destroyed or
impaired; and
WHEREAS, the Company, in consideration for the Commission's
holding in abeyance the initiating of statutory
procedures for pollution abatement as prescribed
in Section 7, /»ct 245, Public Acts of 1929, as
amended, desires to pursue a voluntary program to
restrict and control the aforesaid substances con-
tained in the wastes discharged or to be discharged
from the Company's Detroit Plant into the waters of
this state.
NOW THEREFORE IT IS HEREBY AGREED, between the respective
parties hereto, that Scott Paper Company will:
1. Treat or control its industrial wastes to
-------
191
R. Purely
the extent necessary that when discharged
to the Rouge River they shall:
(a) not contain more than fifty (50) milli-
grams per liter of suspended solids in
excess of that contained in the Company's
water supply from the river.
(b) Not contain more than thirty one thousand
(31,000) pounds per day of oxygen con-
suming substances> as measured by the five-
day biochemical oxygen demand test, in
excess of that contained in the Company's
water supply from the river.
2. Provide facilities capable of producing the
waste effluent quality specified in paragraph
1 hereof according to the following time
schedule:
(a) Submit construction plans and specifica-
tions for facilities to attain the limita-
tions on suspended solids to the Chief
Engineer of the Commission and obtain his
approval thereof by May 1, 196?.
(b ) Complete construction of facilities to
attain the limitations on suspended solids
and place same in operation by May 1, 1968.
-------
192
R. Purdy
(c) Submit preliminary engineering study
and basis of design for facilities to
attain limitations on oxygen consuming
substances by January 1, 1968.
(d) Submit construction plans and specifica-
tions for facilities to attain limitations
on oxygen consuming substances to the
Chief Engineer of the Commission and obtain
his approval thereof by January 1, 1969.
(e) Complete construction of facilities to
attain the limitations on oxygen consuming
substances and place same in operation by
January l, 1970.
3. Perform analyses to determine the content of
the substances enumerated in paragraph 1 hereof
to the extent necessary and sufficient to
demonstrate compliance status and file reports
of said analyses with the Chief Engineer of the
Commission at the end of each month, beginning
January 31, 1967.
IT IS FURTHER AGREED between the parties hereto that, on
or before January 1, 1967, the Company will certify
to the Commission its decision on whether it will
proceed independently or will contract with the
City of Detroit for treatment utilizing facilities
-------
193
R. Purdy
provided by the City, to comply with the restric-
tion on oxygen consuming substances specified in
paragraph 1(b ) hereof. In the event the Company
contracts with the City of Detroit, the waste
loading allocated to the Company in said paragraph,
less any amount contained in discharges made
separately by the Company to the Detroit or Rouge
rivers, will be adde^ to the loading of oxygen
nonsuming substances allocated to the City as set
forth in paragraph l(a) of the Stipulation between
the Water Resources Commission and the City of
Detroit, dated May 19, 1966, for control of the
City's sewage and wastes; and the time schedule
for development and construction of facilities to
control oxygen consuming substances set forth in
said Stipulation with the City of Detroit will be
substituted for the requirements of paragraphs
2(c), 2(d) and 2 (e) hereof.
IT IS FURTHER AGREED between the parties hereto that dilu-
tion of waste discharges with uncontaminated waters
will not be utilized to attain the specified con-
centration restrictions enumerated in paragraph 1
hereof.
IT IS FURTHER AGREED between the parties hereto that in
-------
R. Purdy
the event the Company fails to meet timely any of
the provisions of this Agreement, the Company
waives Notice of Determination and Hearing as pro-
vided by Section 7 of Act 245, Public Acts of 1929,
as amended, and it is agreed that the Commission
may, following Notice to the Company of its default
of this Agreement, enter a Final Order of Deter-
mination incorporating the provisions of this
agreement and requiring compliance with the un-
completed terms of this Agreement. PROVIDED
FURTHER, however, that the Company may within ten
(10) days after receipt of Notice of Default, peti-
tion the Commission for a hearing at which the
Company will be given the opportunity to show
cause why a Final Order of Determination should
not be adopted by the Commission. Following said
hearing the Commission may adopt a Final Order
of Determination as aforesaid or may in its dis-
cretion grant a delay, extension, modification of
or release from any or all provisions contained
in this Stipulation.
SCOTT PAPER COMPANY,
a Pennsylvania Corporation
-------
195
R. Purdy
By Robert I. Thierne
Vice President
WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION, of
the State of Michigan
By
Chairman
Loring F. Oeming
Executive Secretary
Dated November 4, 1966
-------
196
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE INDUSTRY STIPULATIONS
DATES FOR COMPLIANCE
Appendix B
I ndustry
Allied Chemjcal Corporation
Semet-Solvay Division, Detroit
Solvay Process Division, Detroit
American Cement Corporation
Peerless Division, Detroit
Consolidated Packaging Corporation
North Side Plant, Monroe
South Side Plant, Monroe
Darling and Company, Melvindale
E. I. duPpnt de Nemours S- Co... Inc.
Ind. & Biochem. Div., Ecorse
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.. Firestone
Steel Products Div., Riverview
Ford Motor Co.
Monroe Plant
Rouge Plant, Dearborn
Other than iron and susp. solids
I ron
Suspended sol ids
Great Lakes Steel Corporation
80" Hot Strip Mill, Ecorse
. . „ ... ,..,, ,-
Steel Rolling M, 11 , Ecorse - Ac,d and .
Blast Furnace, River Rouge
McLouth Steel Corporation. Trenton
Mobil Oil Company, Trenton
Monsanto Company
Trenton Plant
Trenton Resins Plant
Pennsalt Chemicals Corporation
East Plant, Wyandotte
West Plant, Riverview
Prel imi nary Eng ,
Study and Basis
of Design
Jan. 1, I9&7
Jan. 1, 1967
Other than acid & iron
Apri] ^ Ig6?
Nov. 1, 196?
Nov. 1, 1966
Approval of
Construction Complete
Plans & Spec. Construct ion
Apr. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1967
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
May 1, 1966 May 1, 1967
Jan. 1, 1968 Jan. 1, 1969
Jan. 1, 1968 Jan. 1, 1969
Nov. 1, 1966 Nov. 1, 1967
Apr. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1967
Nov. 1, 1966 Nov. 1, 1967
Dec. 1, 1966 +2k months
Oct. 1, 1966 +17 months
Mar. 1, 1967 +2k months
Mar. 1, 1967 +27 months
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
Dec, l , 1967 Apr. 1, 1969
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
Nov. 1, 1966 Nov. 1, 1967
Aug. 1, 1968 Start const.
Nov. 1, 1968
In operation
Nov. 1, 1969
Apr. 1, 1967 Apr. 1, 1968
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
-------
197
Industry
Revere Copper & Brass. Inc.. Detroit
Scott Paper Company, Detroit
(for BOD)
(for Sol ids)
Time Container Corporation. Monroe
Monroe Paper Products Division
Union Bag-Camp Corporation, Monroe
Wyandotte Chemicals Corporation
North Works, Wyandotte
South Works, Wyandotte
-2-
Preliminary Eng,
Study and Basis
of Design
Jan. 1, 1968
Jan. 1, 1967
Jan. I, 1967
197
Approval of
Construction Complete
Plans & Spec. Construction
Nov. 1, 1966 Nov. 1, 1967
Jan. 1, 1969 Jan. 1, 1970
May 1 , 1967 May 1, 1968
Jan. 1, 1968 '--.. 1, 1969
Jan. I, 1968 Jan. I, 1969
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
Nov. 1, 1966 Apr. 1, 1968
-------
DETROIT RIVER-LAKE ERIE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT STIPULATIONS
DATES FOR COMPLIANCE
198
Appendix C
Unit
Townsh ips
Berli n Townshib
Frenchtown Township
Grosse Me Township
Monroe Township
County
Wayne County
Cities and Vi1laqes
City of Detroit
Village of Estral Beach
City of Luna Pier
Ci ty of Monroe
City of Riverview
City of Trenton
Prel iminary Eng.
Study and Basis
May
May
Apr.
May
Apr.
Apr.
May
May
May
Apr.
Apr.
of Desiqn
1, 1967
1, 1967
1, 1967
1, 1967
1, 1967
1, 1967
1, 1967
1, 1967
I, 1967
1, 1967
1, 1968
Approval of
Construction
Plans & Spec.
May
May
Nov.
May
Nov,
Nov.
May
May
May
Nov.
Nov.
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1968
1, 1969
Complete
Construction
May
May
Nov.
May
Nov.
Nov.
May
May
May
Nov.
Nov.
1, 1969
1, 1969
1, 1970
1, 1969
., 1970
1, 1970
1, 1969
1, 1969
1, 1969
1, 1970
1, 1970
-------
OPERATION REPORT OF WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR
MONTH.
Detroit, Michigan
January
10 6?
DATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1O
II
12
13
14
IS
16
IT
IB
19
2O
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
2S
29
30
31
Arlth Mtan
Sfaf Mean
WASTE
Temp
•r
Flat
MOD
PH
H
L
5 DAY B.OD.
INFLUENT
mg/l
76
179
116
218
318
145
98
J73
188
180
128
248
201
145
148
177
136
126
200
187
168
124
142
144
160
140
93
120
170
100
197
160
158
Ibs
352
797
598
1131
1649
733
9?0
1011
1047
979
676
1320
1217
793
620
885
699
619
_9£2
93?
837
600
867
J64
1069
818
719
829
890
552
L120
853
877
EFFLUENT
mg/l
60
69
69
97
99
82
82
109
85
85
99
155
81
79
109
95
78
154
74
106
84
108
112
111
92
64
87
84
136
45
90
Ibs
278
307
356
503
500
770
479
607
462
449
527
939
443
L!31_
545
488
383
756
371
536
406
660
595
741
538
495
601
440
774
527
500
REM.
X
21.1
61.5
40.6
69.5
31.8
16.3
52.6
42.0
52.8
33.6
60.1
22.9
44.1
46.6
38.4
30.2
38.1
23.0
60.4
36.9
32.3
24.0
22.2
30.6
34.3
31,?
27.5
50.6
31.0
38.1
43.0
SUSPENDED SOLIDS
INFLUENT
tng/l
129
220
178
302
225
206
351
485
261
259
237
298
316
232
174
268
210
•152
208
218
240
164
420
202
431
300
190
252
174
156
203
247
240
Ibi
•V74.
980
917
•S6R
1167
1041
3296
2835
1454
1408
1251
1586
1913
,1269
1^29
1340
1079
746
1021
1094
1213
793
2563
1179
2879
1754
1469
1741
911
861
1154
141?
1332
EFFLUENT
mg/l
62
80
97
102
114
200
187
136
117
68
118
166
130
90
114
105
74
100
129
117
82
154
94
202
164
98
1?5
90
80
97
116
114
Ibs
287
356
50C
52£
576
187E
1093
758
636
35S
628
1005
711
377
57C
53?
363
491
622
591
397
94Q
499
1349
959
758
864
471
441
552
67C
633
REM
%
50.0
63.6
45.5
54.7
44.7
43.0
61.5
47.9
54.8
71.3
60.4
S7.5
44.0
48.3
57.5
50.0
51.3
51.9
43.1
51.3
50.0
63.3
53.5
53.1
45.3
48.4
50.4
48.3
+8.7
52.2
51.9
52.5
CHLORINE RESIDUAL
mg/l
High
Low
D. Avg
PLANT EFF
TOTAL COLI.
per IOO ml
3600
21000
4300
9300
43000
23000
2400
2400
910
43000
9300
4300
4300
3600
23000
9300
2300
2300
2300
360
23000
23000
23000
9300
3600
2300
4600
2300
2300
4300
360
5400
CHLORIDES
mg/l
Ibs
IRON
Fe
mg/l
Ibt
PHENOL
mg/i
.022
1.154
1.098
J.110
1.122
1.036
).066
1.088
1.080
J.134
J.055
1.055
0.040
0.045
0.090
0.140
0.090
0.134
0.178
0.045
0.065
0.095
0.084
0.070
0.095
0.078
0.066
0.070
0.065
3.156
91
87
Ibl
380
686
_505_
571
617
338
386
490
435
707
293
333
219
188
450
719
442
658
893
480
314
580
446
468
555
603
456
367
359
887
494
483
3
a
X
o
VO
VQ
-------
MONTH.
January
OPERATION REPORT OF WASTE TREATMENT PLANT FOR
Detroit, Michigan
I967_
WRC
to
o
o
DATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
IO
II
12
13
14
IS
16
17
18
19
ZO
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
triirt Mean
ilat (niton
CHLOROFORM
SOLUBLE
MATERIALS
mg/l
76.0
22.0
52.7
49.8
22.7
42.7
36.4
48.3
65.0
55.4
68.7
49.8
29.2
85.5
48.1
67.2
21.6
30.6
86.2
25.2
45.1
58.7
44.1
64.6
L49.6
22.4
40.8
52.2
51
^s°°
352
_9_8
272
258
115
250
203
263
343
295
416
272
122
428
247
330
106
154
435
122
275
312
295
378
1157
124
232
291
283
Visual
Film
SOLUBLE
ORTHOPHOSPHATE (P04>
INFLUENT
mg/l
2.1
13.5
11.8
17.3
8.8
1.5
7.4
3.9
9.9
1.2
8.5
4.8
9.0
6.6
4.5
L0.5
7.8
5.7
5.4
4.5
6.3
L0.8
7.2
7.5
4.5
6.6
4.2
8,1
6.6
9.0
7.0
6.8
1000
its
9.7
60.1
60. £
89.7
45.6
7.6
??,.c
22. f-
55,71
6.5
44.9
25.5
54.5
36.1
18.8
52.5
40.1
28.0
26.5
22.6
31.8
52.2
38.2
50.1
26.3
51 ,0
29.0
47.4
36.4
51 .7
38.0
37.8
EFFLUENT
mg/l
5.1
10.9
11.5
6.0
0.6
0.9
3,0
3.3
2.4
7.5
2.7
6.0
4.5
4,5
5.7
8,1
7.7
7.5
2.7
7.5
L0.8
7.8
6.0
3.9
5.7
4.7
6.9
9.3
6.0
5.8
5.8
LOOO
Ibs
73,6
48.5
59.3
31.1
3.0
8.5
17.5
18.4
13.0
39.6
14.4
36.3
24.6
18.8
28,5
41.6
35.3
36.8
13.5
37.9
57.7
41.4
40.1
22.8
44.1
29.0
36.1
51.3
34.1
31.1
32.2
REM.
%
19.3
2.6
31.8
60.0
62.5
73.1
66.7
11.8
43.8
33.3
31.8
45.7
+0.0
20.0
13.3
13.6
14.8
33.3
17.1
14.7
AMMONIA
NH3-N
mg/l
IbS
NITRATES
NOj-N
mg/l
Ibs
CYANIDE
Cn
mg/l
High
Avg.
TOTAL
CHROMIUM
Cr
mg/l
High
Avg.
NICKEL
Ni
mg/l
High
Avg.
CADMIUM
Cd
mg/l
High
Avg.
ZINC
2n
mg/i
High
Avg
COPPER j
Cu
mg/l
High
Avg
HYDROGEN
SJi-F.Df
H2S
mg/1
ro
"o
•o
-------
201
R. Purdy
*
That completes my formal statement.
MR. STEIN: Thank you, Mr. Purdy.
Are there any comments or questions?
Mr. Oeming?
MR. OEMING: Apropos, Mr. Chairman, of the question
you raised earlier about specific limitations on phosphates,
I would like to have Mr. Purdy clarify his statement along
this line.
My question would be: Do the schedules and the
timetable requirements that have been set up include speci-
fic requirements for phosphate removal?
MR. PURDY: Where phosphate is a major constituent
of the discharge, a requirement has been set up for the
reduction of phosphates, and it includes a timetable for the
phosphate reduction to be accomplished.
The preliminary report for Detroit due April 1st
of 1967 has been received, and the preliminary design basis
includes the information that the people in Detroit have
received from the Ada Oklahoma Laboratory report on the removal
of phosphates by activated sludge. Their preliminary design
basis has incorporated this information into it.
MR. STEIN: Any further comments or questions?
MR. POSTON: I would like to comment and to ask
Mr. Purdy a question.
-------
202
R. Purdy
I note that in the Indiana report, they were very
specific in going into each of the industries and municipali-
ties in the total Maumee Basin, which is a tributary area in
Indiana, tributary to Lake Erie. They indicated they would
have a schedule of 1968 for abatement of pollution from
both the industries and municipalities. I see that the
State of Michigan has a schedule for an area where they have
made stipulations in 25 Industries and 11 governmental
entities along the Michigan shore of the Detroit River-
Lake Erie. My question is to Mr. Purdy: Does this schedule
apply to all of the municipalities and industries which are
within the Lake Erie Basin and tributary thereto?
MR. PURDY: Mr. Poston, you, of course, remember
the time schedule that was presented at the June 1966
conference with respect to these specific industries and
municipalities along the Detroit River. You are not asking
about that?
MR. POSTON: No. I am wondering whether this total
tributary area in Michigan is under this schedule.
MR. STEIN: Do you have any other specific areas
in mind, Mr. Poston?
MR. POSTON: Yes, sir.
MR. STEIN: What?
MR. POSTON: Well, I am interested in the Raisin
-------
203
R. Purdy
River Basin, in this area, and the municipalities and
industries. I think your Detroit conference pertained to
areas along —
MR. STEIN: How about the Huron River? Are you
interested in that too?
MR. POSTON: Well, I am interested in knowing whether
or not all of the municipalities and industries are in this
schedule that are tributary to Lake Erie.
MR. PURDY: The schedules that have been presented
to you deal specifically with those that are named.
Now, if we are speaking about the Raisin River,
there are a couple of small communities on the Raisin River
that have raw sewage of human origin discharging to the
river. These communities were called before our Commission,
along with some 150 other communities in the State of
Michigan last year, and asked to develop a voluntary program
to correct this problem.
The Commission indicated to them that if such a
program was not forthcoming, that they would take whatever
action might be necessary to develop a formal program that
would meet with their time schedule.
On the Huron River, the only facilities that I can
think of that do not have secondary treatment are the Plat
Rock and Rockwood Plants of the Wayne County System.
-------
204
R. Purdy
A notice of determination and hearing has been
authorized by the Commission with respect to those two
plants, and the Commission will consider the adoption of that
at its meeting later on this month.
Time schedules have not been firmly established.
However, I might point out that in the summary of a program
to control and abate pollution, that the Commission is con-
sidering as a part of this water quality standards hearing,
that it include the following; With respect to those that
have discharge of raw sewage of human origin, the conferences
have been to form background information for subsequent
decision by the Commission as to what action might be
necessary if abatement of the problem is not forthcoming
within a reasonable period of time on a voluntary basis.
In those instances where a voluntary program has not
been proposed, or where, in the opinion of the Commission, it
appears that a proposed voluntary program will not be success-
ful or may not be accomplished within a reasonable period of
time, statutory procedures are being initiated.
Final orders adopted by the Commission contain
specific dates for approval of completed construction plans
and specifications, awarding of construction contracts, and
commencing of construction. For the completion of construc-
tion and attainment of abatement, a typical time schedule
-------
205
R. Purdy
requires the completion of construction plans within twelve
months from the date of the adoption of the order, contract
awaras and construction start within twenty-four months, and
construction completion and abatement within thirty-six to
forty-two months.
The Commission is pursuing a program to secure
abatement of presently identified discharges of raw sewage
of human origin to public waters of the State no later than
June 1st of 1972, subject to conditions which are not within
the control of the Commission. We have in mind there those
instances where we mav have to go into court enforcement of
the Commission order.
Now, with respect to the phosphate problem it is
the Commission's intent to require that nutrients in public
waters particularly with respect to phosphates traceable to
industrial or municipal waste sources be controlled to the
extent necessary to meet the water quality objectives for
the receiving waters.
V
Persons proposing to make new or increased use of
waters of the State for waste disposal purposes will be
required to utilize such technology and processes which are
known.
The long-term objective is to require that phosphates
traceable to all industrial or municipal waste sources be
-------
206
R. Purely
controlled no later than June 1, 1977, to the extent neces-
sary to provide for water quality enhancement of the public
water uses, commensurate and consistent with present and
proposed future water uses and consistent with the require-
ments of the Water Resources Commission statute.
With respect to the Commission's program, it em-
barked first on those which it felt were of the largest
magnitude and had a direct bearing on the water quality of
the Detroit River and Michigan waters of Lake Erie. The
other problems that we are discussing, I believe, in your
question are those that have been looked at as a second step
in this entire matter.
MR. POSTON: Well, I think what I was concerned
with is whether or not, when we develop time schedules, as
I assume we will at this meeting, that this time schedule
applied to all of the tributary area within or the area
tributary to Lake Erie, such as Ann Arbor, Ypsilati and these
areas. This was the purpose of my question, to see whether
these would be also —
MR, PURDY: Ann Arbor has secondary treatment at
the present time.
MR. POSTON: How about the chlorination of the
effluent?
MR. PURDY: The Michigan Department of Public Health
-------
20?
R. Purdy
has sent out a notice to all Michigan municipalities that
they are expected to chlorinate their sewage treatment plant
effluents on a year-'round basis as of now.
MR. POSTON: The other reason that I brought this
up was the fact that it had been necessary for us in our
grants program to question and turn down a grant for a par-
ticular treatment plant that required less than secondary
treatment, those that had proposed less than secondary
treatment.
MR. PURDY: Those are included in the ones that
the Commission has authorized a notice of determination and
hearing on.
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman?
MR. STEIN: Yes.
MR. EAGLE: I think Mr. Poston is out of order.
I don't think that this was the subject of this conference,
the intrastate waters of Michigan. Intrastate waters of Ohio
will be included in the conference, but not the intrastate
waters of Michigan, so J think we are off the subject.
MR. STEIN: Anything that affects Lake Erie. I
think what we have done here is to try not to make hard and
fast rules on order. We leave it to the conferees to decide
what is relevant and what is not, and I think we all know we
are dealing with the situation in Lake Erie in large part.
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208
G. H. Eagle
Are there any further comments or questions?
(No response. )
MR. STEIN: If not, thank you, Mr. Purdy, for your
statement.
Again, I take it here that you expect to have all
the sources of Michigan under control within the dates you
have set for the Detroit River? They will not be lagging
behind that?
MR. OEMING: We have no reason to expect that.
MR. STEIN: AH right.
Mr. Eagle, would you make the presentation for Ohio,
please?
STATEMENT OF GEORGE H. EAGLE, CONFEREE AND
CHIEF ENGINEER, OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
COLUMBUS, OHIO
MR. EAGLE: Mr. Chairman, conferees and Ladies
and Gentlemen:
My name is George H. Eagle. I am the Chief Engineer
of the Ohio Department of Health. The division of engineering
which I head serves as the technical unit for the Ohio Water
Pollution Control Roa.rd. I submit this report on behalf of
the Ohio conferees and cne .board. I wish to submit this
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209
G. H. Eagle
entire report for the record.
MR. STEIN: Without objection, it will be entered
in the record as if read.
MR. EAGLE: Since the third meeting of the
conferees on pollution of Lake Erie and its tributaries,
held in Cleveland on June 22, 1966, the Ohio Water Pollution
Control Board has held two hearings in the Lake Erie Basin
as required by Section 10(e) of the Federal Water Quality
Act of 1965, one at Toledo, Ohio, on September 22, 1966, on
the Maumee River and its tributaries and one in Celveland on
November 30* 1966, on the Ohio portion of Lake Erie. A
third hearing on the interstate waters in this basin is planned
for late May this year. This hearing will include Ashtabula,
Conneaut and Turkey Creeks, which originate in Pennsylvania
and flow through Ohio to Lake Erie. Hearing will be held
on the remaining intrastate tributaries of Lake Erie later
this year.
The water quality criteria and standards that I
recommended to the Board at the hearings conform in all
respects to the August 1965 Recommendations and Conclusions
of the conferees, and in some respects exceed them. An
example of my recommendations is given in Appendix II or this
report. You will note that all permittees must make studies
of their combined sewer problems and make improvements where
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210
G. H. Eagle
feasible, must provide treatment supplementary to secondary
treatment where necessary and practicable, and that the
Northwest Ohio Water Plan being developed by the Ohio Water
Commission is made a part of the Board's plan. These criteria
and standards as well as those for Lake Erie and the three
small interstate tributary streams in eastern Ohio will be
forwarded to the Secretary of the Interior for his concurrence
before June 30, 1967.
Following is Ohio's status report on the applicable
items in the Recommendations and Conclusions of August 1965.
WASTE TREATMENT
Secondary Treatment (Items.7 and 22)
MS reported at the third meeting of the Lake
Erie conferees on June 22, 1966, the Ohio Water Pollution
Control Board has required that all sewage discharged to
Lake Erie and its tributaries be given not less than
secondary treatment (biochemical oxidation;; in a number of
instances additional or supplementary treatment is being
required to meet local stream-water quality criteria and
uses. Following is a summary of the schedules.placed in
effect by the Board (see Appendix I for detailed listings):
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211
G. H. Eagle
MR. STEIN: Mr. Eagle, just for clarification,
what do you mean by secondary treatment and biochemical
oxidation, for example, it, reduction of BOD?
MR. EAGLE: I am calking about 90 percent.
MR. STEIN: Thank you.
MR. EAGLE: Eighty-five to 90 percent. I think
we kid ourselves sometimes with this 90 percent.
MR. STEIN: That is right. The difficulty is if
we talk about 90 percent and we go around to check, we find
we are doing 85 to 95. The trouble is that we talk about 85,
and we find ourselves doing between 60 and 75.
So I always like that 90 percent. At least we
are in the high 80's.
(Laughter.)
MR. EAGLE: Thank you.
MR. METZLER: May I ask a question?
MR. EAGLE: Yes, sir.
MR. METZLER: I have great admiration for the
Chairman's legal abilities and ability to preside, and his
engineering abilities here, but please don't say that some
of these plants designed for 85 percent just actually turn
out only 60 or 75 percent. We think we know more about
engineering in our New York plants. I think in New York if
we design them for 85, we are going to get 85.
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212
G. H. Eagle
MR. STEIN: I hope you will. I don't say I know
anything about engineering.
The only thing is, I have read the dismal litany
of the engineering records and when I see a plant designed
at 85 percent come in by your certification with 60, 66, 70
and 72, I begin to get discouraged.
MR. METZLER: We are going to improve on that.
MR. STEIN: All right, Mr. Eagle.
MR. EAGLE: (l) Number of adequate municipal
and county secondary treatment facilities
completed and placed in operation since
August 1965 8
(2) Number of municipalities, counties and other
entities not having adequate -- I stress
this word "adequate" -- secondary treatment
facilities (several smaller installations
added to August 1965 and June 1966 lists) 88
(a) Under construction - completion in 1967
or early 1968 25
(b) Construction to be completed not later
than end of 1969 44
(c ) Construction to be completed not later
than end of 1970 16
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213
G. H. Eagle
(d) Construction to be completed -- and here
I would like to Interject into the record,
secondary treatment, 1970 and entire
plant in 1971 (Westerly-Cleveland) 1
Note: The itemized figures (a, b, c, and d) do not
include the existing secondary works at Cleveland Easterly,
Cleveland Southerly, Akron and Toledo, where improvements and
enlargements will be made over the next several years.
I would like to explain, and I think you all under-
stand, that these major municipal plants, so far as being
adequate is concerned, are actually never quite adequate in
all respects. Improvements and enlargements are constantly
under way.
MR. STEIN: Mr. Eagle, let me ask one more question
for clarification:
What is going to be done with the sludge particu-
larly from the Cleveland plants, Easterly and Westerly? Is
it going to be kept out of the lake and pumped to another
plant?
MR. EAGLE: Well, as you know, all of the sludge
from the Easterly plant presently goes to the Southerly
plant. What the plans are going to be for the Westerly
plant, I am not sure. They haven't been developed, as far as
-------
G. H. Eagle
I know.
MR. STEIN: I am not talking about the details of
the plans, but is the sludge going to be kept out of the
lake?
MR. EAGLE: You mean, so far as nutrients are
concerned?
MR. STEIN: No, completely; or are you going to
put the sludge in? Are you going to use the lake as a dis-
posal basin for the sludge?
MR. EAGLE: Well, are we doing this at present?
MR. STEIN: That is what I would like to ask.
MR. EAGLE: No, no. We are not discharging the
sludge to the lake, that I know of. In a sewage treatment
plant, sludge to the lake?
MR. STEIN: Yes.
MR. EAGLE: Not to my knowledge.
MR. STEIN: All right. Thank you.
MR. EAGLE: These lists have been considerably
refined over those submitted last June at Cleveland. Detailed
schedules have been worked out with the officials and con-
sulting engineers. A few entities included on the June 1966
lists have been dropped, others found to be not fully meeting
the conference conclusions and recommendations have been
added. All schedules have been accepted by the Ohio Water
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215
G. H. Eagle
«
Pollution Control Board and have been and will be included
in the individual permit conditions and orders.
Disinfection (Item 9)
All municipalities, counties and other entities
discharging sewage directly, or nearly directly to Lake
Erie which have chlorinating facilities have been ordered to
operate such facilities continuously. Those not having the
necessary facilities have been ordered to provide them be-
fore the next bathing season or incorporate them in their se-
condary treatment plans.
Removal of Phosphates (Items 7 and 8)
As previously reported, studies are being made on
maximizing phosphate removals at all of the major secondary
sewage treatment plants in the Lake Erie basin. Regular
analysis are being made of influent and effluent samples,
adjustments are being made to improve removals and in some
Instances pilot and/or experimental studies are being carried
out. At Cleveland Easterly plant a full scale plant study is
proposed.
In addition, the Division of Engineering of the
Ohio Department of Health has advised consulting engineers
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216
G. H. Eagle
that every consideration, such as high suspended solids in
aeration tanks, more air capacity than heretofore required,
and handling of waste activated sludge in separate digestion
facilities, must be given in the design of improvements to
existing and to new secondary treatment facilities.
Bypassing Untreated Sewage (Item 10)
In addition to the plans review requirements report-
ed last June, several municipalities and counties have been
ordered by the Water Pollution Control Board to make studies
and develop programs for reduction of excessive storm water
and infiltration from their sewerage systems. Also sewage
treatment plant enlargements have been ordered in a number
of instances to reduce the necessity of bypassing.
Combined Sewers (Item 11)
A full report was given on this item last June.
The program as outlined at that time is being pursued and
extended to all municipalities having combined sewers. Many
are having studies made of this problem. For example, the
cities of Port Clinton and Berea have developed specific
plans for complete separation of their combined sewers.
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217
G. H. Eagle
Treatment Schedules - Industrial Wastes (Items 16 and 22)
The Ohio Water Pollution Control Board is requiring
that all industrial wastes be segregated and treated as
specified in Item 16 of the Conference Recommendations and
Conclusions and they have so stipulated in the permit con-
ditions issued to each industry listed in Appendix I. Fol-
lowing Is a summary of those listings.
(l) Number of facilities completed and placed
in operation since August, 19&5 ~ adequate
facilities 13
(2) Number of industries not having adequate
treatment of reduction facilities 82
(a) Under or near under construction - com-
pletion in 1967 26
(b) Construction to be completed not later
than end of 1968 28
(c) Construction to be completed not later
than end of 1969 28
You will note that a number of industries have
been added since the June, 1966 report. A number of small
industries not previously included, changes in operations,
and new industries are the principal reasons for this
increase.
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218
G. H. Eagle
All schedules listed in Appendix I have been ac-
cepted by the Ohio Water Pollution Control Board and have
been or will be included in the individual permit conditions
and orders.
Sampling and Reporting of Industrial Waste Discharges (Items
13, 17 and 18)
As reported last June, the Ohio Department of
Health has required for the past several years that indus-
tries as well as municipalities and others responsible imme-
diately report spills that may seriously impair stream
quality, and further, that immediate steps be taken to
eliminate spills in the streams.
This program is constantly stressed not only by
the Ohio Department of Health and the Water Pollution Con-
trol Board but also by the Ohio Division of Wildlife. Ohio
law requires polluters to pay for aquatic life damages.
This program is very effective. Very good cooperation is
received.
Ohio has required a regular sampling and analysis
of major industrial discharges since the adoption of the
Water Pollution Control Law in 1951. Presently Industries
are required by Water Pollution Control Board permit condi-
tion to report monthly on the volume and critical
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219
G. H. Eagle
characteristics of the wastes as discharged. Our staff
personnel are working with industry representatives with
respect to type and frequency of samples and analytical
procedures.
The program for placing all wastewater and stream
monitoring information on data processing is well under way.
Stream data is presently being so handled and data with
respect to munic'ipal and industrial waste treatment facili-
ties is being codified. Municipalities and industries will
be required to submit data in the proper form to be so
handled. Data will be published at least at yearly intervals
Pollution Surveillance of Lake Erie and its Tributaries
(Item 19)
The State of Ohio by contract with the Water
Quality Branch of the Geological Survey of the U. S. Depart-
ment of the Interior, has established the following auto-
matic monitoring stations:
Maumee River near Defiance - DO, Conductivity,
Temperature
Auglaize River near Defiance - DO, Conductivity,
Temperature
Maumee River at Waterville - DO, Conductivity,
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220
G. H. Eagle
Temperature, pH
Black River at Elyria - DO, Conductivity,
Temperature
C.uyahoga River at Independence - DO, Conductivity,
Temperature
Cuyahoga River at DuPont at Cleveland - Conduc-
tivity
Cuyahoga River at West Third Street, Cleveland -
DO, Conductivity, Temperature, pH
Grand River at Painesville
Sandusky River below Fremont
Maumee River at the mouth
Auglaize River below the Ottawa River at Cascade
Park
During fiscal year 1968, four-parameter monitors
(DO, Conductivity, Temperature, and pH) will be installed
in the Ashtabula River at Ashtabula.
The cooperative program between Ohio and the
U. S. Geological Survey includes, in addition to the moni-
toring stations, a complete chemical analysis for the days of
maximum and minimum conductance each month and analyses for
dissolved oxygen, detergents, total phosphates, iron, and
manganese are made monthly. A thermograph record is
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221
G. H. Eagle
obtained for the Huron River at Milan.
In addition to the above, complete chemical analy-
ses are obtained annually during low stream flow for about
thirty (30) gaging stations on streams tributary to Lake
Erie.
Also, in addition, it is planned to collect samples
of selected Lake Erie water intakes for complete chemical
analyses including nutrients at monthly intervals.
DISPOSAL OF REFUSE (Item 14)
Inspections and Actions
You will note in Appendix III that (8) eight
dumps along streams in the Lake Erie basin have been in-
vestigated by Ohio Department of Health personnel since the
June conference last year. Definite actions have been taken
for elimination or correction of all of these pollution
problems.
I don't mean to say that we only investigated
eight, but definite actions were taken on eight.
Proposed Legislation
Legislation has been authored by the Division of
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222
G. H. Eagle
Engineering and presented to the Administration for Intro-
duction into the Ohio General Assembly, now in session.
This legislation would place the responsibility
for the control of solid wastes disposal in the Division
of Engineering of the Ohio Department of Health.
The salient features of the bill are:
(1) Grant the Public Health Council (State
Board of Health) authority to adopt regulations having
uniform application throughout the state. These regula-
tions would establish minimum standards for the location
and operation of all solid waste disposal sites and facili-
ties, including those installed to dispose of wastes from
domestic, commercial, agricultural and industrial establish-
ments;
(2) Provide for approval by the Department of
Health of plans, facilities, equipment and supplies for all
solid waste disposal sites and facilities;
(3) Require annual licensing of all disposal
sites and facilities;
(4) For all Intents and practical purposes,
prohibit open dumping and open burning.
(5) Provide for inspection and policing of all
solid waste disposal sites and facilities by the local and
state health departments.
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223
G. H. Eagle
(6) Provide for penalties or injunctlve action
against any person, firm, or corporation, whether public or
private, for failing to comply with the provisions of the
law or the regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
In addition to these proposed new laws we are recom-
mending an amendment to an existing law (Sec. 3767.16) which
would prohibit the placing of any putrescible or hazardous
substance or any solid waste upon or into any "waters of the
state" or into any place from which it may run or wash there-
in and further to prohibit placing such wastes on or along
any roadway, public park or publicly owned land.
It is further proposed that a new section of law
be enacted which would enable any police officer, game pro-
tector, park superintendent, or authorized employee of the
state health department or local health department, to arrest
on sight, and without a warrant, any person observed violat-
ing this law.
We in Ohio fully intend to do our utmost to assure
that all solid wastes are disposed of properly and more
pointedly, to make certain they do not pollute our waters.
We are willing and ready to tackle this tremen-
dous job and we hope to convince our legislators and the
people of the need.
That is my report. Thank you.
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G. H, Eagle 224
APPENDIX I
L. Municipal and County Waste Treatment Facilities
(Exhibits A-D, inclusive - Schedule of City of Cleve-
land, Ohio)
2. Industrial Waste Treatment Facilities
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225
G. H. Eagle
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS
Treatment Facilities - Pr. r Primary
Int. - Intermediate
Sec. = Secondary
D i Disinfection by chlorination
S.D. = Sewer District of County
Type Sewer System
S i Separate
C = Combined
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
BLACK RIVER BASIN
1965 Receiving Type Sew.Syst. Date Additional Approved Schedule
Entity Pop. Stream Treat.& Design Built Requirements (Completion Dates)
7,651 French Crk S - Sec. 1955 New treat, facils Detail Plans 6-15-68
800 PE (secondary) for Construction 12-15-69
(Part of City) entire city.
Lorain 76,910 Black R. S - Pr+D 1956 Improvements - Rep.& G.Plan 3-15-67
100,000 PE secondary treat. Detail Plans 6-20-68
Construction 12-15-70
ro
ro
CTi
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
CHAGRIN RIVER BASIN
Entity
Villages
Aurora
1965
Pop.
Receiving
Stream
Chagrin R.
Type Sew.Syst.
Treat. & Design
S - Sec,
Date
Built
1928
Additional
Requirements
Improvements -
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Rep.& G.Plan - Approved
2,500 PE Detail Plans U-15-67
Construction 10-15-69
Sewer Districts
Geauga County
Bainbridge Twp. s.D.#2 McFarland S - Sec, 1966 None In oper. 1966
Ravenwood Subdiv. Creek, 100 PE
Chagrin R.
Bainbridge Twp. S.D,#3 Chagrin R. No public - Sewers & connection Negotiations underway.
sewers. to Chagrin Falls
sewer system.
ro
ro
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE -DRAINAGE AREA IS OHIO
CUYAHOGA RIVER BASIN
Entity
Cities
Akron
196?
Pop.
298,052
Receiving
Stream
Cuyahoga R.
Type Sew.Syst.
Treat. & Design
S-Sec.+Prechl,
Date
Built
'29, '57
Additional
Requirements
Addtnl treat. facils
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Phase I - Under construct
Cleveland 858,823
21 Trib.Munic's
Independence
Kent
Maple Heights
Solon
7,769
23,286
330,000 PE
Cuyahoga R. S & C
Southerly
Sec.
680,000 PE
Cuyahoga R. No public
sewers.
Cuyahoga R. S - Sec.+D
53,000 PE
3U.612 Swan Crk
S - Sec.+D
10,000 PI
6,032 Trib.of S - Sec.+D
Cuyahoga R. 7,000 PE
7,800 PE-New
(Phase I - addtnl
second.treat.)
(Phase II - addtnl
primary treat.)
'27,'38,'56 Addtnl treat.facils
New treat, facils -
secondary.
'5^,'66 Complete construct.
second.treat.facils.
1955 Complete construct.
new facils - second.
1962 Complete construct.
new N.E. facils.
Phase II—Det.PI.9-15-67
Construction
early 1970
See attached schedule -
City of Cleveland
Rep.&G.Plan 6-15-67
Detail Plans 6-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
6/67
V67
9/67
ro
,to
oo •
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
CUYAHOGA RIVER BASIN - Contd.
1965
Entity Pop.
Villages
Mantua 1,239
Middlefield 1,566
Munroe Fall 2.8U9
Northfield 3,156
Oakwooa 3,283
( Cuyahoga Co , )
Sewer Districts
Cuyahoga County
Brecksville S.D,(C13
(Brecksville)
Brecksville S.D.#13
Southern Estates
Portage County
lurora Acres S.D,
Ravenna S.D.#1
Lakeview Gardens Allot
Receiving
Stream
Cuyahoga R.
Trib.of
Cuvahoga R.
Cuyahoga R.
TriVs of
Cuyahoga R.
Trib.to
Tinkers Crk
wruyahoga K.
Cuyahoga R.
Trib.of
Tinkers Crk
Breakneck
Creek
Type Sew.Syst.
Treat. & Design
S - Sec.
1,000 PE
C - Pr.
1,800 PE
?,8U9 PE
S - Sec.+D
5,965 PE
S - Prim.
200 PE
S - Sec.+D
10,000 PE
S - Sec.+u
300 PE
S - Sec,+D
UOO PE
S - Sec.*D
200 PE
Date
Built
1915
'51*, '57
-
'5y, '65
19^0
3.962
1966
1958
1963
Additional
Requirements
New Treat, facils -
secondary.
Improvements -
secondary treat.
Sewers and
connection.
None
New treat, facils -
secondary. v
Improvements -
addtnl treat. facils.
None
None
None
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Under construct. 4/67
Detail Plans 6-15-6?
Construction 8-15-68
Part of Summit Countj
Mud Brook Project.
Improvements completed
1965.
Rep.& G.Plan 3-15-6?
Detail Plans 7-15-6?
Construction 9-15-68
Rep.& G.Plan 12-15-6?
Completed in 1966.
to
-2-
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
CUYAHOGA RIVER BASIN - Contd.
Entity
1965 Receiving Type Sew.Syst, Date Additional
Pop. Stream Treat.& Design Built Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Portage County - contd,
Shalersville S.D.#2
Bolingbrook Allot
Streetsboro S.D.#2
Rolling Hills Acres
Summit County
Munrce Falls S.D.
Plant #11
Northampton SD-Plant #2
Hidden Valley Subdiv,
Northampton SD-Plant #3
Bellridge Subdiv.
Northeast SD-Plant #9
Macedonia Estates
Stow Twp. SD-Plant #U
Cuyahoga R, S - Sec.+D
128 PE
Trib.oi S - Sec.+D
Tinkers Crk UOO PE
Trib.of S - Sec.+D
Cuyahoga R. 150 PE
Trib.of S - Sec.+D
Mud Brook UOO PE
Trib.of S - Sec.+D
Mud Brook 200 PE
Brandywine S - Sec.+D
Creek 300 PE
Cuyahoga R. S - Prim.
2,000 PE
I960
1961
None
None
1961
1958
1959
1961
None
None
None
None
Construction of
Interc.Project*
Bids taken 5-1-67
* - Summit Co.-Mud Brook Intere,ProJ.-Det.Plans apprvd & Fed,Grant Offer made.
-3-
ro
U)
o
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
GRAND RIVER BASIN
1965
Entity Pop .
City
Painesville 17,689
Villages
Fairport Harbor U,260
Grand River U77
Orwell 830
Sever Districts
Lake County
Concord S.D,
Little Mtn Park Subdiv.
Leroy S.D.
Sunshine Acres Subdiv.
Receiving
Stream
Grand R.
Grand R.
Grand R.
Grand R.
Kellogg
Creek
Trib.of
Big Creek
Type Sew.Syst,
Treat, & Design
S - Int.+D
2U.326 PE
S - Int.+D
6,000 PE
No public
sewers .
No public
sewers .
S - Sec.+D
UOO PE
S - Sec.+D
250 PE
Date Additional
Built Requirements
1958 Improvements -
secondary treat.
1958 Improvements -
secondary treat.
New treat, facils -
secondary.
New treat, facils -
secondary.
'62, '65 None
1963 None
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Rep,& G.Plan 12-31-67
Detail Plans 9-30-68
Construction 12-31-70
Rep.ft G.Plan 7-15-67
Detail Plans 5-15-68
Construction 10-15-70
Detail Plans 12-15-67
Construction 12-15-69
Detail Plans 3-15-67
Construction 11-15-68
Willoughby-Mentor S.D,
Beaver Creek Colony
Kellogg S - Sec.+D
Creek 200 PE
1963 None
ro
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
GRAND RIVER BASIN - Contd,
1965 Receiving Type Sew.Syst. Date Additional Approved Schedule
Entity Pop. Stream Treat.& Design Built Requirements (Completion Dates)
Trumbull County
Warren Champion S.D. Trib.of S - Sec.+D 1961 None
Subdistrict 1-A Center Crk UOO PE
Durst Allotment
to
u>
-2- . W
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
HURON RIVER BASIN
Entity
Cities
Huron
Norwalk
Villages
Milan
Monroeville
Plymouth
1965 Receiving
Pop . Stream
6.U62 Huron R.
lV,19V Rattlesnake
Creek
1,563 Trib.of
Huron R.
1,1»13 W. Branch
1,953 Huron R.
Type Sew.Syst.
Treat. & Design
S & C (2 Pits)
Int. + D
6,UOO PE
2,100 PE
S & C
Sec. + D
26,000 PS
S - Pr.
600 PE
C - Pr.+D
1,700 PE
C - Sec.
2,UOO PE
Date
Built
'31, '6V
'32, '6V
'Vi,'62
1959
1966
Additional
Requirements
Improvements -
secondary treat.
Improvements -
addtnl second. treat.
New treat, facils -
secondary.
Improvements -
secondary treat.
None
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates ^
Rep.fc G.Plan 6-15-67
Detail Plans 6-15-68
Construction 11-15-70
Construction 12-15-68
Bids 3-22-67
Rep.fc G.Plan 6-15-67
Detail Plans 6-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
Construct. complete 1966
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U)
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN
Entity
Cities
Defiance
Delphos
Findlay
Perrysburg
St. Marys
Toledo
1965
Pop.
16,058
7,1+OU
3l*, 061
6,553
8,275
363,297
Receiving
Stream
Maumee R.
Jennings
Creek
Blanchard
River
Grassy Crk
St. Marys
River
Maumee R.
Type Sew.Syst.
Treat. & Design
S & C-Int.+D
23,000 PE
C - Sec.+D
7,500 PE
S & C - Sec.
30,000 PE
C-Int.+Prechl.
S - Sec.
22,900 PE
S & C - Sec.+D
Date
Built
1957
'31, '55
'31, '51*
1959
19'+9
'31, '59
Additional
Requirements
Improvements -
secondary treat.
Improvements -
addtnl treat, facils.
Improvements -
( incl . disinfect . )
Improvements -
secondary treat.
& disinfect.
Improvements -
( incl . disinfect . )
Improvements -
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Detail Plans 9-15-67
Construction 8-15-69
Rep.fc G.Plan 3-15-68
Detail Plans 3-15-69
Construction 9-15-70
Rep.& G.Plan approved
Detail Plans 7-15-67
Construction 6-15-69
Rep.& G.Plan 6-15-67
Detail Plans 6-30-68
Construction 12-31-69
Detail Plans 6-15-67
Construction 6-15-69
Van Wert
11.68U
1*20,000 PE
Trib's to S & C - Sec.+D '35.,'36
Auglaize R. 2^,200 PE (BOD)
12,1*50 PE (S.S.)
Sludge Hand.Facils
Treat.Facils
Improvements -
addtnl treat.facils.
Under Constr. 2/67
Rep.& G.Plan 7-15-67
Detail Plans 8-15-68
Construction 2/72
Rep.& G.Plan 5-15-67
Detail Plans 8-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN - Contd.
Entity
Villages
Antwerp
"olumbus Grove
Jridersville
Elida
Forest
Hamler
Haskins
Holgate
Liberty Center
1965
Pop.
1,61U
2,150
1,210
1,1*12
1,370
61*8
5U2
1,1*82
92U
Receiving
Stream
Maumee R.
Trib.of
Auelaize R.
Trib's to
Auglaize R.
Ottawa R.
Trib.of
Blanchard R
Turkeyfoot
Creek
Haskins
Creek
Trib.of
Turkeyfoot
Creek
Dry Crk
Type Sew.Syst. Date
Treat. & Design Built
S & C
No Treat.
S - Bec.+D 1937
5,000 PE
S - Sec. 1966
2,000 PE
C - Sec.
3,000 PE
S & C
*
Wo public
sewers .
S - Pr. 1939
200 PE
No public
sewers .
No public
sewers.
Additional
Requirements
New facils -
incl . s econd . treat .
Improvements -
addtnl treat. facils.
None
Complete new facils
incl. second. treat .
Complete new facils
incl. second. treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
Improvements -
secondary treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Rep.& G.Plan 6-15-6?
Detail Plans 6-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
Now under construction.
Construction 12-15-6?
Treat, facils completed 1966.
Under construction -
In operation 7/6?.
Under construction -
In operation 6/6?.
Detail Plans 5-15-63
Construction 12-15-69
Rep.& G.Plan 5-15-6?
Detail Plans 7-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
Detail Plans 3-15-6?
Construction 5-30-68
Rep.& G.Plan 9-15-6?
Detail Plans 7-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
\j\
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN - Contd.
Entity
1965
Pop.
Receiving
Stream
Type Sew.Syst.
Treat, & Design
Date
Built
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Villages. - contd.
Montpelier
Northwood
Ohio City
Ottawa
Pandora
Payne
Rockford
Sherwood
3.8U3
856
803
1,321*
1,172
St.Joseph C - Prim. 1958
River 5,150 PE
Grassy Crk No public -
sewers.
Trib's to No public
Auglaire R. sewers,
Blanchard C - Sec.+D 1955
River 5,800 PE
Trib.of No public
Blanchard R. sewers,
Trib.of C - Sec.
Auglaize R. 2,700 PE
St.Marys C - Prim. 1959
River 1,21*0 PE
6U9 Trib.of
Sulphur
Creek
No public
sewers.
Improvements -
secondary treat.
Detail Plans 2-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
Negot,agreements Report by 9-15-67 -
with Toledo and Now in County Sewer Dist-
Wood County for sewer
connect.to city sewer
system.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
Improvements -
addtnl capacity.
Nev facils incl.,
secondary treat.
New facij.s
secondary treat.
Improvements -
secondary treat.
New facils incl,
secondary treat.
Detail Plans 8-1-67
Construction 12-15-68
Rep,& G.Plan 7-15-67
Detail Plans - approved
Construction 1-15-69
Under constr, early 1967
In operation early 1968
Rep.& G.Plan 9-15-67
Detail Plans U-15-68
Construction 8-15-69
Rep.& G.Plan 8-15-67
Detail Plans 5-15-68
Construction 9-15-69
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN - ContcU
Entity
Villages - contd,
Stryker
Waterville
1965
Pop.
1,281
2,175
Receiving
Stream
Trib.of
Tiffin R.
Maumee R,
Type Sew.Syst,
Treat.& Design
C - Sec,
1,600 PE
C - Sec.
Date
Built
1965
1958
Additional
Requirements
None
Improvements to
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Treat, facils completed 1965.
Rep.& G.Plan 7-15-6?
West Leipsic
1,500 PE
3^0 Trib's to No public
Beaver Cr sewers.
Weston
West Unity
1,120
1,550
Tontogany
Creek
Trib.of
Tiffin R,
C - Sec.
1,500 PE
No public
sewers .
treatment facils.
Financial problem
to make tributary
to Leipsic.
Constr.of facils
pending.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
Detail Plans 7-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
12/66 Bids over estimate;
financial problem.
Detail Plans 6-15-67
Construction 12-15-69
K>
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
OTTAWA RIVER BASIN
Entity
1965
Pop.
Receiving
Stream
Type Sew.Syst,
Treat. & Design
Date
Built
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
7,650 Tenmile Crk S - Sec.+D 1957 Flow in excess of Construction complete
3,000 PE plant capac.to be by 6/67
discharged to
Toledo sewer syst.
Sewer Districts
Lucas County
Metropolitan S,D. Trib.of No public - New facils incl, Rep.& G.Plan 3-15-67
Holland Subdist, Maumee R. sewers. secondary treat. Detail Plans 6-1-67
Construction 1-15-69
Metropolitan S.D, Trib.to S - Sec,+D 1966 None
Sylvan Woods Subdiv. Tenmile 600 PE
(Sewer #1*59) Creek
to
to
00
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IK OHIO
PORTAGE RIVER BASIN
Entity
City
Port Clinton
Villages
Bloomdale
Elmore
Me Comb
Oak Harbor
1965
Pop.
7,352
703
1,360
1,269
3,128
Receiving
Stream
Portage R.
S. Branch
Portage R,
Portage R.
N . Branch
Portage R.
Portage R,
Type Sew.Syst,
Treat. & Design
S & C-Int.+D
15,000 PE
No public
sewers .
Misused storm
drains .
S & C-Pr.+D
1,000 PE
S - Pr.+D
Date
Built
1956
-
-
1937
1958
Additional
Requirements
Improvements -
secondary treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
Improvements -
secondary treat.
Improvements -
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Detail Plans 6-15-67
Construction U-15-69
Detail Plans 2-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
Detail Plans 12-15-6?
Construction 12-15-69
Detail Plans - approved
Construction 12-15-68
Rep.& G.Plan 8-15-67
Pemberville
Woodville
Other Entity
Camp Perry
U,000 PE
1,278 Portage R, Misused storm
drains.
1,878 Portage R. Misused storm
drains.
Lacarpe
Creek
S - Sec.+D
15,000 PE
secondary treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
New facils incl,
secondary treat.
None
Detail Plans 8-15-t
Construction 12-15-69
Rep.& G.Plan 6-15-67
Detail Plans 12-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
Rep.& G.Plan 8-15-67
Detail Plans 8-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
ROCKY RIVER BASIN
Entity
Cities
Berea
Broadview Heights
Lakewood
Middleburgh Hts,
North Rovalton
Strongsville
Village
Olmsted Falls
1965
Pop.
19,643
8,588
70,209
9,911
11,101
11,502
2,281+
Receiving
Stream
E. Branch
Rocky R.
Trib.of
Rocky R.
Rocky R.
Abrara Crk
Baldwin Crk
E. Branch
Rocky R.
E & W
Branches
Rocky R.
Plum Crk
W. Branch
Rocky R,
Type Sew.Syst.
Treat. & Design
S - Sec.+D
20,000 PE
No public
sewers.
S-C Sec.+D
130,000 PE
S - Sec,
2,000 PE
S-(2 Pits)
Sec.+D
Total 11,^00 PE
S-(3 Pits)
Sec.+D
Total 7,3^7 PE
Misused storm
drains ,
Date
Built
'36, '51
& '65
-
1965
1950
1966
1966
-
Additional
Requirements
Improvements -
addtnl treat. facils.
New facils inc.1.
secondary treat.
None
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
(Same as Cuyahoga Co
—
—
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Under construct. 1967
Construction 6-1-69
Detail plans 1-1-68
Construction 12-31-70
Completed new plant 1965
Bids l*-9-67
Under construct. 5/6 1
Construction 12/68
.-Middleburgh Hts. S.D.)
(Detail Plans for
Sew.Dist."C" to be
revised. )
Construction completed
in 1966.
To advertise for bids 5/67
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
ROCKY RIVER BASIN - Contd.
Entity
1965 Receiving Type Sew.Syst. Date Additional
Pop, Stream Treat.& Design Built Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Sewer Districts
Cuyahoga County
Middleburgh Hts. S.D.
Lorair. County
Sewer District #60
West River Subdiv.
Sewer District #60
West View Park Subdiv.
Medina County
Sewer District #9
Hinckley Lake Estates
Abram Crk S-Sec.
2,000 PE
Same as City of Middleburgh Hts. above.
Sewer District
Village Homes Subdiv.
W.Branch
Rocky R.
W.Branch
Rocky R.
E,Branch
Rocky R.
W.Branch
Rocky R.
S-Sec.
60 PE
No public
sewers.
S-Sec.+E
100 PE
3-Sec.+D
123 PE
1959 None
Sewers & new treat,
facils - secondary.
Rep.& G.Plan 3-1-6?
Detail Plans 6-1-6?
Construction 12/68
1961 None
1966 None
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
SANDUSKY RIVER BASIN
Entity Pop.
1965Receiving Type Sew.Syst,
Stream Treat.& Design
Date Additional
Built Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Cities
Fremont
Tiffin
Villages
Attica
Bloomville
Upper Sandusky
Sewer Districts
Sandusky County
Sewer District #1
Seneca County
Clinton Township
20,058 Sandusky R. C-Sec.+D
128,500 PE
22,U75 Sandusky R. C - Pr.+D
25,000 PE
1,012 Honey Crk Misused storm
drains.
862 Honey Crk Misused storm
drains.
5,286 Sandusky R. S-Sec.+D
7,000 PE
Muskellunge No treat.
Creek
Gibson
Creek
No treat.
19^9-66 None
1956 Improvements -
secondary treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
1956 Improvements -
addtnl treat.facils.
Sewers & connection
to Fremont sew.syst.
Sewers & connection
to Tiffin sew.syst,
Completed construction 1966
Under construct. ^-15-67
Construction 7-15-68
Rep.& G.Plan 6-15-67
Detail Plans 6-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
Rep.& G.Plan 8-15-6?
Detail Plans' 6-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
Rep.& G.Plan 3-15-63
Detail Plans 3-15-69
Construction 9-15-70
Detail Plans 1-15-68
Construction 1969
Detail Plans 11-15-67
Construction 1968
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IK OHIO
VERMILION RIVER BASIN
Entity
1965 ' Receiving Type Sew.Syst. Date Additional
Pop. Stream Treat.& Design Built Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
City
Vermilion
7,723
Vermilion
River
S - 2 Pits
Pr. + D
U,000 PE
1,500 PE
1921 New facils incl,
1957 secondary treat.
Under construct. 3/67
Construction 3/69
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(.0
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE
Entity
Cities
Araherst
Bellevue
Conneaut
Westlake
Villages
Green Springs
Madison
Walbridge
1965
Pop.
8,617
8,8U6
1U.951
llj.571*
1,316
1.U35
2,8U7
Receiving
Stream
Beaver Crk
Big Ditch
Pipe Crk
Conneaut
Creek
Porter Crk
Trib's to
Sand. Bay
Big Creek
Cedar Crk
Type Sew.Syst.
Treat. & Design
S - Sec.
10,000 PE
No public
sewers .
S-Int.+D
17,000 PE
No public
sewers.
S & C - Pr.
1,300 PE
S - Sec.
1,500 PE
S - Sec,
2,000 PE
S-Pr.+D
1,000 PE
Date
Built
'27, '57
-
1957
1936
1929
1967
191*!
Additional
Requirements
Improvements -
addtnl treat. facils.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
Improvements -
secondary treat.
Connection to County
Sew. Dist. System.
Improvements -
secondary treat.
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Rep.& G.Plan 12-15-67
Detail Plans 12-15-68
Construction 6-15-70
Under constr. early 1967
Construction 9-1-69
Rep.& G.Plan 3-15-67
Detail Plans 1-15-68
Construction 10-15-69
Depends on current
litigation re financing
(Cuyahoga County project).
Detail Plans 7-15-67
Construction 12-15-68
Completely new facils-Construction 6/67
secondary treatment.
Complete sewer
connect, to Toledo
Under construction.
To complete connection
sewer system.
6-15-67
-1-
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
.TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE - Contd,
Entity
19o5Receiving Type Sew.Syst. Date Additional
Pop. Stream Treat.& Design Built Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Sewer Districts
Erie County
Perkins-Margaretta S.D.
Subdistrict B
Lake County
Painesville S.D. #3
Villa Rio Subdiv,
Willoughby-Mentor S.D,
French Hollow Estates #9
Lucas County
Metropolitan S.D.
Fuller's Creekside Subdiv,
Wood County
Main Sewer Dist. #9
Sanitary S.D. #1
Indian Trails Estates
Pipe Crk No public
sewers.
Marsh Crk S-Sec.+D
75 PE
Trib.of S-Sec,+D
Marsh Crk 100 PE
Shantee S-Sec,+D
Creek 1000 PE
Cedar Crk S-Sec.+D
260 PE
New treat.facils
(secondary) or
connection to City
of Sandusky sew.syst,
Rep.& G.Plan early '67
Detail Plans 8-1-68
Construction 12-15-69
1963 None
wone
1962 None
1963 None
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
DIRECT TO LAKE ERIE
1965
Entity Pop.
Cities
Ashtabula 25,036
Avon Lake 11,992
Cleveland 858,823
21 Trib.Munic's
Euclid 66,7^2
Oregon lU,829
Sandusky 33,8^1
Receiving Type Sew.Syst.
Stream Treat. & Design
L.Erie S-Int.+D
55,000 PE
L.Erie C-Int.+D
16,590 PE
S & C
L.Erie Easterly
Sec. + D
1,230,000 PE
L.Erie Westerly
Prim. + D
360,000 PE
L.Erie S-Int.+D
100,000 PE
L.Erie
L.Erie S & C Pr.+D
^9,300 PE
Date Additional
Built Reouirements
1955 Improvements -
secondary treat.
1961 Improvements -
secondary treat.
1938 Addtnl treat. facils,
'22, '57 Addtnl treat. facils.
I960 Improvements -
secondary treat.
New facils incl.
secondary treat.
(Part trib.to Toledo
1959 Improvements -
secondary treat.
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Rep.fc G.Plan 3-15-67
Detail Plans 6-15-68
Construction 10-30-70
Rep.& G.Plan early '67
Detail Plans 2-15-68
Construction 1970
See attached schedule -
City of Cleveland.
ditto
Rep.fc G.Plan 5-1-67
Detail Plans 6-1-68
Construction 6-30-70
Rep.& G.Plan approved
Detail Plans 7-30-68
Construction 12-30-69
;remainder no pub. sewers.)
Rep.& G.Plan early '67
Detail Plans 6-30-68
Construction 11-30-70
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STATUS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
DIRECT TO LAKE ERIE - Contd.
Entity
1965 Receiving Type Sew.Syst. Date Additional
Pop. Stream Treat.& Design Built Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Cities - contd.
3l«,525 L.Erie
Villages
Geneva-on-
the-Lake
Harbor View
Sever Districts
Cuyahoga County
Rocky River S.D. #6
706
L.Erie
L.Erie
L.Erie
S-Int.+D
33,800 PE
S-Pr.+D
5,000 PE
No public
sewers.
S-Int.+D
160,000 PE
196l Improvements -
secondary treat,
1928 Improvements -
secondary treat.
1962 Improvements -
secondary treat,
Rep,& G.Plan 14-15-67
Detail Plans 7-15-68
Construction 7-15-70
Rep.& G.Plan 6-15-67
Detail Plans 6-15-68
Construction 12-15-69
To be tributary to
Oregon's sew.syst.
(See Oregon above.)
Rep.& G.Plan early '67
Detail Plans 6-15-67
Construction 9-15-69
Erie County
E.Erie Co.Sewer & Wat.Dist. L.Erie
Ruggles Beach-Mittiwanga
Lake County
Madison S.D. #1 L.Erie
Willoughby-Mentor S.D. L.Erie
S-Pr.+D
1,300 PE
S-Int.+D
9,000 PE
S-Int.+D
1921 Improvements -
secondary treat.
,'62 Improvements -
secondary" treat.
1965
(a) - Eastlake - 27,525 pop. - trib.to Willoughby sewerage system.
-2-
uitto
Rep.& G.Plan 3-1-67
Detail Plans 8-1-68
Construction 12-15-69
Rep.& G.Plan 1-1-68
Detail Plans 1-1-69
Construction 1-1-71
ditto
K>
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SOUTHERLY ?
CITY OF CLEVELAND.. OHIO
EXHIBIT A
Completion Date
CONTRACT Deteil Plans
New Secondary Treatment
Facilities Jan. 1967 *
Pre-Treatment Expansion June 1968 **
Service Blon. Conversion June 1963 **
Post-Chlorination Facil June 1968 **
Primary Digester Gas
Mixing June 1968
Roads and Lighting June 1963
Period of Construction
Start Completion
Sept 1967 Dec. 1969
Sept 1968 Dec. 1969
Sept 1968 Dec. 1969
Sept 1968 Dec. 1969
Sept 1968 Dec. 1969
Sept 1968 Dec. 1969
Est. Total Cost
Incl. Engr. etc
® 15%
§5,756,000
980,000
517,000
400,000
575,000
345,000
$8,573,000
* Design Authorized
** Design to be Authorized Jan. 1967
Based on projects receiving at least Federal Grant Aid
to
4r
£0
-------
EASTERLY PIAUT
CITY OF CLEVELAND, OHIO
EXHIBIT' B
CONTRACT
New Pri-riary Settling
terf-'.E & Enlargements
4 ICew Final Settling
Tan"'.s & Enlargements
Aeration Tan): Improv,
New Grease & Scum Handling
& Disposal Facilities
New Southerly Sludge
Pump Facilities
N7ew Detritus Tanks &
Comminutors
Collinwood Interceptor
& Overflow Revisions
Miscel, Plant Improv.
Completion .Date
Detail Plans
Period of Construction
Start Completion
Est. Total Cost
Incl. .Engr. etc
June 1967 * ' Sept 1967 Dec. 1969
June 196b •**
June 1968 **
June 1967 *
June 1967
June 1968
June 1968
June 196B
Sept 1968 Sept 1970
Sept 1968 sept 1970
Sept 1967 Dec. 1969
Sept 1967 Dec. 1969
Sept 1968 July 1970
Sept 1968 July 1970
Sept 1968 July 1970
* Design Authorized
** Design to be Authorised Jan. 1967
Based on project receiving at least Federal Grant Aid.
$2,990,000
1,104,.000
1,966,000
414,000
299,000
1,035,000
173,000
460,000
$8,441,000
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WESTERLY PLANT
CITY OF CLEVELAND, OHIO
EXHIBIT C
Ite:r
Ite.,.
Iten\
Ite.T.
Ite-,
Item
Completior. Date
CONTRACT Detail Plans
1 Site Wor>; June 1967 *
? Plant Work June 19Grf *
? Lift Station June 1969 *
•i Digester Facilities June 1969 *
5 Sluc.ge Disposal
Facilities June 1969 *
6 Miscellaneous June 1969 *
Period of Construction
StErt
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
Sept
1967
1968
1969
1969
1969
1969
Completion
June 1960
Dec. 1970
Dec.- 1970
Dec. 1970
Sept 1971
Dec. 1971
Est. Total Cost
Incl. Engr. etc.
$ 15%
? 5,o69,
.8,651,
1,505,
728,
1,775,
202,
$18,731,
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
* Design to be Authorized Feb. 1967
Based on projects receiving at least Federal Grant Aid
-------
251
G. H. Eagle
EXHIBIT D
WATER POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD
DATA RE CURRENT PROGRAM OP IMPROVEMENTS
DATE: January 5, 1967
NAME OP PERMITTEE: City of Cleveland
ADDRESS: 601 Lakeside Ave.
Cleveland, Ohio - 44114
SUBURBAN TRUNK SEWERS PROJECT
Name of Consulting Engineer: Consulting Engineer or Engi-
neers will be retained after legislation authorizing em-
ployment of consulting engineers is passed by the Cleve-
land City Counoil. The original legislation that was
prepared to go to City Council the early part of October
1966 was withheld so that the City could explore more care-
fully and fully the possibility of city forces doing some
of the engineering work. This legislation will now go to
the City Council for their consideration on January 9*
1967.
Completion Date of General Plan; Estimated to be Dec. 31,
1967.
-------
252
G. H. Eagle
Completion Date of Detail Plans: Estimated to be Dec. 31,
1968.
Financing Program; The total cost of the Suburban Trunk
Sewer Project has been estimated at $20,500*000.
The financing of Engineering for
General and Detail Plans Including specifications, has
already been provided for in the new three year Agreement
on Sewerage Service Charges effective July 1, 1966 between
Cleveland and the suburbs that it services.
The Cleveland Master Plan for water
pollution abatement and control will study the financing
of construction which is planned to start after July 1,
1969. However this will be contingent on an agreement
being reached between Cleveland and the suburbs as to
the financing of these trunk sewers which basically will
serve to bring suburban sewage direct to the Cleveland
plants.
Date of Start of Construction; After July 1, 1969
Date of Completion of Construction; Impossible to estimate
at this time.
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
IAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
ASHTABULA RIVER BASIN
Entity
Cabot Titania Corporation
Titanium Dioxide Plant
Type of Waste
Chemical
Suspended solids
Treatment
Provided
Settling
basins
Additional
Requirements
Additional facilities
for reduction of solids
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Completed 9-1-66
Cabot Titania Corporation
Titanium Tetrachloride Unit
Detrex Chemical Industries, Inct
Chlorinated Solvents Division
Diamond Alkali Company
Semi-Works
The General Tire & Rubber
Company, Chemical Division
Olin Mathieson Chemical Corp.
TDI Facility
Reactive Metals, Incorporated
Metals Reduction Plant
Reactive Metals, Incorporated
Sodium & Chlorine Plant
Chemical
Suspended solids
Chemical
Hydrocarbons
Chemical, Acids
Suspended solids
ChemicaJL solids
Chemical solids
Chemical, Acids
Solids
Chemical, Susp.
Dissolved solids
Lagoons Additional facilities
for reduction of solids
In-plant control of
hydrocarbons
Lagoons
settling
Neutraliz.
Neutraliz.
Chem. treat.
settling
incineration
Chemical
treatment
settling
Lagoons
Neutraliz.
settling
Settling
ponds
Additional facilities
and control for solids
reduction
Additional facilities
and control for solids
Plans 1-67
Construction 6-1-67
Completed 2-1-6?
Completed 9-1-66
Completed 12-1-66
In-plant improvements Completed 12-66
for neutralization and solids
Additional facilities
for solids removal
Additional in-plant
controls for solids
reduction
General Plans 9-1-66
Detail Plan 6-1-6?
Construction 10-1-67
Completed 12-66
VJt
U)
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
BLACK RIVER BASIN
Type of Waste
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Locke Manufacturing Company
Republic Steel Corporation
Steel and Tubes Division
Ternstedt Division
General Motors Corporation
U. S. Steel Corporation
Tubular Operations
Steel-Acid Iron
Steel-Acid Iror
Metal Finish.
Steel-Blast Furn.
Susp. solids
Neutraliz. Discharge to municipal
system. Exempt
Controlled Reduction of acids
discharge
after settling
Cyanide
oxidation
chrome re-
duction
settling
Expanded treatment
facilities under
construction
Clarification Additional reduction
of solids
Completed 7-1-66
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Construction 11-15-6?
Study report 6-1-67
Construction 12-31-69
CHAGRIN RIVER. BASIN
Entity
Type of Waste
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Chase Bag Company
Paper Mill
Filtration Secondary treatment
for removal facilities
of solids
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
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ui
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
CUYAHOGA RIVER BASIN
Entity
Type of Waste
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
The Bailey Wall Paper Company Organic
The Cuyahoga Meat Company
Diamond Crystal Salt Company
E. I. dufont deNemours
and Company, Incorporated
Ind. and Biochemicals Dept.
Ferro Chemical
Division of Ferro Corporation
Firestone Tire & Rubber Company
Akron Plant
General Tire & Rubber Company
Akron Plant
B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company
Akron Plant
Meat Packing
Chemical
None
Septic tank
Settling
Company plans to move
to new location on
public sewer
New complete treatment
facilities
Additional reduction
of chlorides
Chemical, Acids, Zinc recovery Improvements to treat.
Metals Acid neutraliz. and disposal facilities
Chemical
Suspended solids
Solid, oils
and organics
Solid, oils
and organics
Solid, oils
and organics
Clarification
Some waste
trib. to
mun. sewers
Some waste
tfib. to
mun. sewers
Some waste
trib. to
mun. sewers
Improvements to
facilities
reat.
Reduction of all
critical constituents
Reduction of all
critical constituents
Reduction of all
critical constituents
7-1-6?
Plans 4-1-67
Complete construction
6-1-68
Plans 6-1-67
Construction 1-1-68
Completed 8-1-66
Plans 10-1-66
Construction 4-1-67
Plans 1-1-68
Construction 1-1-69
Plans 1-1-68
Construction 1-1-69
Plans 1-1-68
Construction 1-1-69
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
CUYAHOGA RIVER BASIN - Contd.
Entity
Goodyear Aerospace Corporation
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
Akron Plant
Type of Waste
Metal Finish.
Solid, oils
and organics
Treatment
Provided
Control
facilities
Some waste
trib. to
mun. sewers
Additional
Requirements
Facilities for
pretreatment & discharge
to municipal sewers
Reduction of all
critical constituents
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Plans 6-1-6?
Construction 6-1-68
Plans 1-1-68
Construction 1-1-69
Harshaw Chemical Company
Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp.
Jones & Laughlin Steel, Corp.
Jones & Laughlin Steel, Corp.
Lerkis AsphaCt Company, Inc.
Metal Salts
Steel-Acid Iron
Steel-Blast Furn.
Suspended solids
Steel-Mill Scale
Suspended solids
Asphalt
(Unclassified)
In-plant control Additional in-plant
control of metals &
fluorides. Settleable
solids removal
fester Anodizers & Platers, Inc. Metal Finish.
Controlled
discharge
Clarification
Clarification
Lagoon
Chrome
reduction
Removal 01* treatment
of waste pickling acids
Improved reduction of
solids
Improved reduction of
solids
Improved reduction of
suspended solids
Improved reduction of
metals and solids
Plans 7-1-67
Construction 12-31-68
Plans 6-1-67
Construction 8-1-6?
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Construction 7-1-66
Plans approved 1-67
Construction 7-1-67
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ON.
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
CUYAHOGA RIVER BASIN - Contd.
Entity
Type of Waste
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Republic Steel Corporation
Bolt & Nut Division
Cleveland District
Cleveland District
Cleveland District
Sonoco Products Company
Ohio Division
The Standard Oil Company
No. 1 Refinery
Sherwin Williams
Linseed Oil Mill
Steel-Acid Iron
Steel-Acid Iron
Steel-Blast Furn.
Suspended solids
Steel Mill Scale
Suspended solids
Paper Mill
Oil Refinery
Oily sludges
Controlled
discharge
Controlled
discharge
Clarification
Scale pits
Aeration and
clarification
Plating wastes to
municipal sewers
Removal or treatment
of waste pickling liquors
Removal or treatment of
waste pickling liquors
Improved reduction of
suspended solids
Improved reduction of
suspended solids
Connect to County
Sewer
Construction 12-31-68
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Construction 1-30-69
Oil separation Refinery operations discontinued. Wastes from
and recovery asphalt processing bo be made tributary to
Cleveland municipal sewers. Construction 6-1-6?
Filtration Discharge of filtrate
to Cleveland mun. sewers
U. S. Steel Corporation
Central Furnaces
Central Furnaces
Furn. Clarification
Suspended solids
Blast Furnace
(Sewage)
None
Additional reduction of
suspended solids
To municipal sewers.
Exempt
Plans 6-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Construction 12-8-66
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
CUYAHOGA RIVER BASIN - Contd.
Entity,
Type of Waste
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Cuyahoga Works
Cuyahoga Works
Weather-Tite Company
Steel-Acid Iron
Controlled
discharge
Steel-Mill Scale Scale pits
Suspended solids
Metal Finish
Aluminum
removal
Neutralization of
pickling acids and
removal of solids
and metals
Additional reduction
of suspended solids
and oil
Neutralization and
reduction of solids
General plan 11-66
Detail plans 3-6?
Construction 12-68
General plans 11-66
Detail plans 3-6?
Construction 12-68
Detail plans 10-66
Construction 7-6?
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un.
CO
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
GRAND RIVER BASIN
Entity
Type of Waste
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Pates)
Diamond Alkali Company
The Metal Craft Company
A. E. Staley Manufacturing Co.
UNIROYAL United States Rubber Co.
Chemical Division Plant Area #k
United States Rubber Company
Chemical Division Plant Area #1
Chemical, Susp.
& dissolved
solids, chromium
Metal Finish.
Chemical
Soy Bean Prod.
Chemical
Chemical, Susp.
& Dissolved
solids
Settling,
neutralization
reduct. -
controlled
discharge
Controlled
discharge
Reduction of chrome
wastes
Additional facilities
for neutralization and
solids reduction
Neutralization and
reduction of solids
Recovery facils.Treatment by municipality
and lagoon when facilities availabl.
Plans 3-1-6?
Construction 10-1-6?
Plans 6-1-67
Construction 6-1-68
Plans 4-1-6?
Construction 6-1-6?
12-68
Chem. treat.
and lagoon
Screening,
settling
lagoons
Facilities being rebuilt following explosion.
Evaluation of additional needs to follow.
Additional facilities for
solids, oxygen demanding
material and solids
General Plans 1-1-68
Detail plans 10-1-68
Constrv-1- ion 12-1-69
HURON RIVER BASIN
Entity
Type of Waste
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(CompletionDates)
The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. Railroad Oil
Clevite Corporation
Harris Division, Milan Plant
Metal Finish.
Oil Additional facilities
Separators for removal of oil
Settling Additional facilities
(lagoon) for neutralization and
reduction of metals and
solids
Plans 7-1-67
Construction 7-1-68
Plans 7-1-6?
Construction 7-1-68
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
MAUMEE RIVER MSB!
Entity
Type of Waste
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Campbell Soup Company
Central Foundry Division
CMC, Defiance Plant
Clevite Corporation
Harris Division
Napoleon Plant
Edgerton Metal Products, Inc.
Organic
Soup Cannery
Tomato Cannery
Steel Foundry
Metal
Finishing
Inorganic
Metal Finish.
Trickling filters Additional reduction
for soup produc- of solids and oxygen
tion, land spray demand
for tomato oper's
Settling
lagoons
Settling and
filtration
Cyanide
oxidation
Additional solids
reduction
Additional facilities
neutralization, reduction
of metals and solids
Treatment of chrome
wastes, neutralization,
reduction of solids
Detail plans 1-68
Construction 7-1-69
Construction 7-1-6?
Plans 7-1-67
Construction 7-1-68
Construction 7-1-67
Elite Plating Division
Dynavest Corporation
Hayes Industries, Inc.
Decorative Division
Interlake Steel Corporation
Metal Finish.
Inorganic,
Metal plating
Steel
Blast Furnace
None
Reduction of metals and
cyanide, neutralization
Plans 7-1-67
Construction 7-1-68
Acid neutraliz. Additional facilities for Complete 7-1-66
settling improved reduction of solids
and neutralization
Clarification
Additional reduction
of solids
Plans 5-1-68
Construction 8-1-69
ro
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN - Contd.
Entity
Type of Wastes
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Johns-Manville Fiber Glaso,
Incorporated, Plant #3
Johns-Manville Fiber Glass,
Incorporated, Waterville Pit.
Libby, McNeill & Libby
National Refining Company
Division of Ashland Oil &
Refining Company
Pepsi-Cola Bottling Company
Republic Creosoting Company,
Division of Beilly Tar fr
Chemical Corporation
Rusco Division
Rusco Industries, Incorporated
Phenolic
Organic
Phenolic
Organic
Tomato process.
Oil Refinerv
Food Process.
(Misc.)
Phenolic
Wood Preserving
Inorganic
Metal Finish.
Reuse system
Chemical Treat,
Swale area,
soil infilt.
Land spray
disposal
API separator
Complete
treatment
Separator and
straw filters
Facilities for closed
recycle system under
construction
Additional facilities 1'or
complete treatment
Additional facilities
for treatment of peak
loads
Additional facilities for
oil, solids and oxygen
demand reduction under
construction
Additional facilities for
reduction of oxygen demand
Reduction of phenolics
and oil
Acid neutraliz. Neutralization and
settling solids reduction
Completion 8-1-6?
Completed 12-1-66
Plans 6-1-oc
Construction 8-1-6?
Plans 9-1-66
Construction 6-1—6?
Plans 3-1-67
Construction 1-1-68
Plans 1-1-68
Construction 1-1-69
Plans 8-1-6?
Construction 8-1-68
ro
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA TO OHIO
MAUMEE RIVER BASIN - Contd.
JSntity
Type of Wastes
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
S-K Wayne Tool Company
Vistron Corporation
(formerly Sohio Chem. Co.)
Sohio Chemical Company
The Standard Oil Company
Walter & Sons, Incorporated
The Weather-head Company
Ohio Division
Inorganic
Metal Finish.
Chemical
Organics
Petro chemicals
Oil Refinery
Organic
Inorganic
Metal Plating
In-plant control Neutralization and.
monitored disch. metals reduction
Lagoon
Chemical,
lagoon,
incineration
& biological
treatment
API separator,
air flotation
facils
Septic tank,
sand filter
Chemical,
Cyanide oxid.,
sec.treat, of
sewage
Additional reduction
of nitrogen compounds
Additional reduction of
nitrogen compounds and
oxygen demand
Aerated lagoon for
biological treatment
Process change
Evaluate existing facil.
for present operations
Additional reduction of
metals and solids
Plans 3-1-67
Construction 1-1-68
In-plant controls 1-1-68
Research stud^s underway
Plans 1-1-68
Construction 1-1-69
Completed 2-1-6?
Evaluation 8-1-67
Plans 6-1-67
Construction 9-1-68
ro.
>OY
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
OTTAWA RIVER (TENMILE CP.K) BASIN
Entity
Dana Corporation
Toledo Division
Entity
The Seneca Wire and
Manufacturing Company
Swift & Company
Entity
Type of Wastes.
Treatment
Provided
Oil Treatment Chemical treat-
(Unclass . ) ment & reuse
PORTAGE RIVER BASIN
Type of Wastes
Steel-Acid Iron
Soybean Mill
Chemical
ROCKY
Type of Wastes
Treatment
Provided
Neutraliz. ,
settling
controlled
discharge
Grease
separation
RIVER BASIN
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Improvements in
facilities and
operation
Additional
Requirements
Additional facilities
for metals and solids
Facilities for reduction
of oil, color and oxygen
demand. Anticipate con-
nection to mun. sewers
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Completed 12-1-66
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Plans 1-1-68
Construction 1-1-69
Construction 6-1-6?
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Astoria Plating Corporation
Metal Finish.
Cyanide oxi-
ation, chrome
reduction
Additional facilities
for reduction of metals
and cyanide
Plans 4-1-67
Construction 1-1-68
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE AREA IN OHIO
SANDUSKY RIVER BASIN
Entity
Type of Wastes
Treatment
Provided
Additional
Requirements
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Northern Ohio Sugar Company Beet Sugar
The Pioneer Rubber Company Rubber-
Plant No. 2 Alcohol
Holding
lagoons
controlled
discharge
None
Additional reduction of
oxygen demand
Facilities for
reduction of oxygen
demand
Plans 12-31-68
Construction 12-31-69
Anticipate connection
to proposed municipal
sewerage
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE
Entity
Pechtel-McLaughlin, Incorporated
Doehler-Jarvis Division
National Lead Company
Toledo Plant #2
Central Soya Company
Cleveland Metal Cleaning Company
Bonn Products, Incorporated
Heneral Electric Company
Bellevue Lamp Plant #2^2
Hirzel Canning Company
Type of Waste
Metal
Finishing
Metal
Finishing
Oils and
organic s
Acids, oil
and solids
Metal
Finishing
Sewage only
Tomato-Beet
Cannery
Treatment
Provided
Cyanide
oxidation
In-plant
controls &
recovery
Lagoons
None
Neutraliz .
Lagoon
Septic tank
Land spray
Additional
Requirements
Facilities for
neutralization, chrome
and solids reduction
Additional facilities for
reduction of metals,
solids and cyanide
Additional facilities for
reduction of oil
Facilities for neutraliz .
and oil and solids removal
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Plans 2-1-67
Construction 2-1-68
Plans 6-1-67
Construction 6-1-68
Plans 6-1-67
Construction 6-1-68
Plans 8-1-67
Construction 7-1-68
Additional facilities for Plans 7-1-67
treatment of chromium waste Construction 1-1-68
To be made tributary to
municipal system
Additional facilities for
more positive control of
Construction 9-1-69
Construction 8-1-67
The Lake Erie Canning Company
Cannery
Tomato, Kraut,
Cherry
Lagoon
wastes
Additional facilities for Plans 3-1-67
reduction of oxygen demand Construction 8-1-67
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE
Contd.
Entity
Libbey-Owens-Ford Glass Co.
East Toledo Plant
Natl. Aeron. &• Space Admin.
Type of Waste
Glass Mfg.
Sewage only
Treatment
Provided
Lagoons
Primary
Additional
Requirements
Additional facilities for
solids reduction
Secondary treatment
Approved Scheduls
(Completion Dates)
Plans 10-1-67
Construction 1-1-69
Plans ?
Plum Brook Station
(Research Center)
Norfolk & Western Railroad
Bellevue Yards
The Standard Oil Company
Toledo Refinery
Toledo Scale, Division of
Toledo Scale Corporation
True Temper Corporation
Oils
Oils
Metal
Finishing
Metal
Finishing
None
Facilities for removal
of oils and solids
Construction 12-1-6?
Plans 6-1-67
Construction 6-1-68
Oil separators Additional facilities for Plans 1-1-68
lagoons reduction of oil, solids, Construction 12-31-69
phenols and oxygen demand
Settling and
controlled
discharge
Chrome
reduction,
cyanide oxi-
dation
Facilities for reduction
of metals, solids and
oil
Additional facilities for
reduction of solids and
oil
Plans 7-1-67
Construction 7-1-68
Plans 5-66
Construction 6-1-67
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STATUS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES
DIRECT TO LAKE ERIE
Entity
The Cleveland Electric Ilium. Co.
Ashtabula Plant
Avon Plant
Lakeshore Plant
Eastlake Generating Station
IRC Fibers Division
Midland-Ross Corporation
The Lubrizol Corporation
TRW, Incorporated
Type of Waste
Suspended solids
Suspended solids
Suspended solids
Suspended solids
Suspended solids
Zinc, organics
Chemical
Metal
Finishing
Treatment
Provided
Lagoons
Lagoons
lagoons
Lagoons
Lagoons
Chemical &
Biological
Oil Removal
Chemical 6
settling tanks
Additional
Requirements
Additional facilities for
reduction of solids
Additional facilities for
reduction of solids
Additional facilities for
reduction of solids
Additional facilities for
reduction of solids
Facilities for neutraliz.
and reduction of zinc
and solids
Additional facilities for
reduction of oxygen demand
Additional facilities for
neutralization and
Approved Schedule
(Completion Dates)
Plans 12-6?
Construction 12-68
Plans 7-1-6?
Construction 7-1-68
Plans 12-67
Construction 10-68
Plans 7-67
Construction 4-68
Plans 2-1-67
Construction 1-1-69
Plans 4-1-67
Construction 12-1-67
Plans 12-1-66
Construction 1-1-69
reduction of metals fr solids
United States Gypsum Company
United States Rubber Company
Paper Mill
Chemical
Clarification
& in-plt. reuse
Wastes treated
Facilities for complete
treatment
in Erie Ordinance
Plans 9-1-68
Construction 12-31-69
Connected 7-15-66
complete facilities
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