U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE BIOLOGICAL OPINION
ON SELETED PESTICIDES:
DATED JUNE 14, 1989
REVISED SEPTEMBER 14, 1989
-------
-------
REVISIONS TO BIOLOGICAL
OPINION DATED JUNE 14, 1989
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
SEPTEMBER 14, 1989
-------
-------
SECTION II - PESTICIDE PROFILES
The following section records the biological opinions for the effects of
each pesticide on listed species, with corresponding actions required to
preclude jeopardy [reasonable and prudent alternatives (RPA)] or reduce
the likelihood of incidental take (IT/RPM), as appropriate. The pesticide
profiles are presented in alphabetical order by common chemical name.
PAGE
Reasonable and prudent alternatives II-4
Reasonable and prudent measures II-7
Key to tables 11-10
Acephate 11-11
Aldicarb 11-14
Aluminum phosphide 11-17
Aminocarb 11-17
Aminopyridine (Avitrol) 11-18
Amitrole 11-18
Ammonium sulfamate 11-19
Atrazine 11-20
Azinphos-methyl (Guthion) 11-24
Benomyl 11-28
Bensulide 11-31
Bifenox 11-34
Bifenthrin 11-37
Bufencarb 11-37
Cacodylic acid (Dimethylarnic acid) 11-37
Camphechlor (Toxaphene) 11-38
Captan 11-39
Carbaryl 11-42
Carbofuran 11-45
Carbophenothion 11-48
Chlorothalonil 11-51
Chlorpyrifos 11-54
Cloethocarb 11-57
Clopyralid 11-57
Copper sulfate, basic 11-58'
Cuprous oxide 11-61
Cypermethrin 11-61
2-4 D acid/ salts and esters 11-62
Dalapon 11-62
Dazomet (Mylone) 11-63
Demeton 11-63
Diazinon 11-64
Dicamba/ Dimethylamine dicamba 11-67
Dichlobenil 11-67
Dichlorprop (2,4-DP) 11-68
Dichlorvos (DDVP) 11-69
Dicofol (Kelthane) 11-70
Dicrotophos 11-73
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) 11-76
II-l
-------
-------
PESTICIDE PAGE
Dimethoate 11-79
Dinoseb 11-82
Diphenamid 11-82
Diquat dibromide 11-82
Disulfoton (Disyston) 11-83
Diuron 11-86
Endosulfan 11-89
Endrin 11-92
EPN 11-92
EPIC 11-93
Ethion 11-94
Ethoprop 11-97
Ethyl parathion (Parathion) 11-100
Fenamiphos (Nemacur) 11-103
Fenitrothion 11-106
Fenoprop (Silvex) 11-108
Fensulfothion (Dasanit) 11-109
Fenthion 11-112
Fenvalerate (Pydrin) 11-113
Fluchloralin 11-116
Flucythrinate 11-116
Fonofos 11-117
Fosamine-ammonium 11-120
Gas cartridges 11-120
Glyphosate 11-121
Hexazinone 11-122
Isofenphos (Oftanol) 11-123
Magnesium phosphide 11-126
Malathion 11-127
Mancozeb 11-130
MCPA-thioethyl 11-133
Methidathion 11-134
Methomyl 11-137
Methoprene 11-140
Methoxychlor 11-142
Methyl parathion 11-143
Mevinphos (Phosdrin) 11-146
Naled 11-149
Nitrapyrin 11-152
Oxamyl 11-155
Oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R) 11-158
Oxyfluorfen 11-161
Paraquat dichloride 11-164
Pendimethalin 11-165
Permethrin 11-168
Phorate 11-171
Phosmet 11-174
Phosphamidon 11-177
Picloram/ Potassium picloram/ Triethylene picloram 11-180
Profenofos (Curacron) 11-181
Profluralin 11-184
II-2
-------
-------
PESTICIDE PAGE
Propachlor 11-185
Propargite 11-188
Propazine 11-191
Pryethrin (Pyrethrum I) 11-192
Simazine 11-196
Sodium cyanide 11-196
SSS-tributyl phosphorothithioate (DEF) 11-197
Strychnine 11-200
Sulprofos (Bolestar) 11-201
2,4,5-T 11-204
Tebuthiuron 11-205
Temophos 11-206
Terbufos 11-206
Terbutryn 11-209
Thiodicarb 11-212
Thiophanate-methyl 11-215
Trichlorfon 11-218
Trifluralin 11-221
Zinc phosphide 11-224
II-3
-------
-------
REASONABLE AND PRUDENT ALTERNATIVES (RPA)
The following are frequently adopted reasonable and prudent alternatives,
cited by number in the individual pesticide profiles in this section under
the column titled RPA.
1. Prohibit use of the chemical within 20 yards of the water's edge at
the time of application for ground applications and 100 yards for aerial
applications at sites of known populations or within designated critical
habitat, whichever is larger.
2. Prohibit use of the chemical within 40 yards of the water's edge at
the time of application for ground applications and 200 yards for aerial
applications at sites of known populations or within designated critical
habitat, whichever is larger.
3. Prohibit use of the chemical within 100 yards of the water's edge at
the time of application for ground applications and 1/4 mile for aerial
applications at sites of known populations or within designated critical
habitat, whichever is larger.
4. Use only granular formulations or soil incorporation.
5. Prohibit ultra low volume (ULV) application within 1 mile of species'
occupied habitat.
6. Prohibit the use of this chemical within identified aquifer recharge
zones for cave/spring dwelling species.
7. Prohibit use of chemical within 20 yards of the edge of all caverns,
sinkholes, and surface waters within the defined recharge areas of the
species' habitat for ground application and 100 yards for aerial
application.
8. Extend prohibited use buffer zone upstream 1/2 mile from known species'
populations or within designated critical habitat, whichever is larger.
9. Extend prohibited use buffer zone upstream 2 miles from known species'
populations or within designated critical habitat, whichever is larger.
10. Prohibit direct application of mosquito larvicides to water within 1
mile upstream, and, if applied aerially, 400 yards downstream from
species' occupied habitat.
11. Prohibit use within a 1/2 mile radius of the species' occupied habitat.
12. This action is a local alternative to the labeling/bulletin restriction.
Under this action the buffer, or other restriction, carried on the
label/bulletin is the restriction to be followed unless the user is
operating under an approved agreement pursuant to a Federal or State
endangered species protection plan. The Federal or State endangered
species plan would have to be found to be not likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of any listed species. Any such plan would be under
II-4
-------
Agency administration for all necessary reviews, effect determinations,
and enforcement.
Under this action, further formal Section 7 consultation would not be
required for each such agreement provided the following criteria are
met:
A. Landowner agreements and any amendments thereto are concurred in
by the appropriate Regional Office of the Fish and Wildlife Service
prior to their implementation.
B. The agreement may incorporate alternative farming practices,
chemicals or application methods tailored to site-specific
conditions if those alternatives provide the same or greater level
of enforceable protection as the action addressed in the
labeling/bulletin restriction.
C. Protective actions will be enforceable against all owners, their
successors and assigns (contractors, et al). Each new owner will
have to concur in the agreement or be subject to the
labeling/bulletin restriction.
D. Newly listed species and/or new chemicals/uses may be included in
approved agreements if the protective actions in place, when applied
to that species/chemical/use, will result in a no affect
determination by the Agency.
E. The Agency will report annually (in the report required under
generic reasonable and prudent measures) on the effectiveness of
such programs in providing the needed species protection.
F. The agreement will remain effective until cancelled by the
landowner, or significant new biological or chemical data become
available, incidental take occurs that exceeds the anticipated
level (or that level at which the Agency is required to reinitiate
consultation), or subsequent may affect determinations are made.
For any given species, any party applying the chemical within the
prohibited use zone for that pesticide who does not enter into an
approved agreement will continue to be subject to the restrictive action
specified by the label/bulletin.
13. Adjust maximum application rates to reduce hazard ratios to below one
(1.0), using the appropriate model, for both freshwater fish and aquatic
invertebrates.
14. Prohibit application, by any method, within 100 yards from the edge of
the field being treated, except those borders contiguous to neighboring
fields.
15. Prohibit use of chemical above 6,000 feet elevation within the occupied
range of the New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake.
II-5
-------
16. Extend prohibited use buffer zone upstream 5 miles from known species'
populations.
17. Prohibit use of the chemical within 100 yards of occupied habitat
for ground applications and 1/4 mile for aerial application.
18. Prohibit use of the chemical within 3 miles of known populations.
19. Applicators of the listed jeopardy pesticides must limit their use
within all identified wood stork rookeries, including a buffer extending
8 to 12 miles from the rookery (to encompass essential feeding habitat),
as depicted on the maps provided. Within these mapped areas, use of the
chemicals is prohibited in habitats described as shallow (2-12 inches)
permanent or temporary wetland areas (flooded pastures, roadside
ditches, etc...) with still or slowly flowing water. In addition, as
a conservation recommendation, areas not fitting the above description,
but still within the 8 to 12 mile mapped boundary, are still considered
vital to the health and maintanance of the rookery. Applicators are
urged to use caution when applying chemicals within these areas.
20. The prior biological opinion for this species/chemical and reasonable
and prudent alternatives, if any, are reaffirmed. Use of this pesticide
is prohibited within the occupied range of the listed species.
21. Applicators of the listed forestry use pesticides will be required
to conduct a survey for red-cockaded woodpecker colonies prior to using
this pesticide in forests containing pine trees over 30 years old.
Contact the Fish and Wildlife Service for information on proper survey
techniques. If any colonies are found, use of this pesticide shall
be prohibited from the colony site, including at least a 200 foot buffer
around the perimeter of all woodpecker trees (i.e. start holes,
inactive and active trees). This prohibited zone shall be no less
than 10 acres, with an appropriate concentric diameter from trees added
as necessary to make up this minimum acreage as needed. Extending 1/2
mile from this prohibited zone, this pesticide shall be used-only as a
spot treatment or direct application to affected trees. Surveys
conducted up to five years prior to application will be acceptable,
except in the case of an apparently abandoned colony. If survey results
indicate an abandoned colony, a search shall be conducted that would
encompass an area of 1 mile radius from the abandoned colony.
22. After periods of heavy rains, as measured by surface water (greater
than 4 inch puddles) within identified habitat, do not apply chemical
within a 100 yard radius of the known breeding sites of the Puerto Rican
crested toad. Restrictions shall remain in place for no less than 25
days.
23. Prohibit use of the chemical (as a burrow fumigant) within gopher
tortoise habitat, as described in the species profile, in the currently
occupied range of the eastern indigo snake.
24. Prohibit use of the chemical within 20 miles of the boundary of Laguna
Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge.
II-6
-------
25. Prohibit use of the chemical within 10 miles of the boundary of Laguna
Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge.
26. Use of this pesticide within the identified range of the Sacramento
Mountains thistle will have to be approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, Albuquerque Field Office, New Mexico, Tel: (505) 883-7877.
27. Extend prohibited use zone for a distance of 1/2 mile along all
tributaries from their confluence with species occupied river reaches
(as shown on the species' map).
REASONABLE AND PRUDENT MEASURES (RPM)
The following are frequently adopted reasonable and prudent measures for
minimizing incidental take and their implementing terms and conditions.
These action items are cited by number in the individual pesticide profiles
in this section under the column titled IT/RPM. A zero (0) in the IT/RPM
column means that no incidental take is anticipated or authorized. (Note:
Incidental take is not applicable to plants.)
1. Establish buffer zones adjacent to the species' habitat.
a. Prohibit use of the chemical within 20 yards of the water's edge
at the time of application for ground applications and 100 yards
for aerial applications at sites of known populations.
b. Prohibit use of the chemical within 40 yards of the water's edge
at the time of application for ground applications and 200 yards
for aerial applications at sites of known populations.
c. Prohibit use of the chemical within 100 yards of the water's edge
at the time of application for ground applications and 1/4 mile
for aerial applications at sites of known populations.
d. Extend prohibited use buffer zone upstream 1/2 mile from known
species' populations.
e. Extend prohibited use buffer zone upstream 2 miles from known
species' populations.
f. Prohibit direct application of mosquito larvicide to water within
1 mile upstream, and, if applied aerially, 400 yards downstream
from species' habitat.
g. Prohibit use within a 1/2 mile radius of the species' habitat.
h. Prohibit application, by any method, within 100 yards from the
edge of the field being treated, except those borders contiguous
to neighboring cultivated fields.
i. Extend prohibited use buffer zone upstream 5 miles from known
species' populations.
II-7
-------
j. Prohibit use of the chemical within 100 yards of known populations
for ground applications and 1/4 mile for aerial application.
k. Prohibit use of the chemical within 3 miles of known populations.
1. Prohibit use of the chemical within 10 miles of the boundary of
Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge.
m. Extend prohibited use zone for a distance of 1/2 mile along all
tributaries from their confluence with species occupied river
reaches (as shown on the species' map).
2. Modify pesticide practices.
a. Use granular formulations/soil incorporation.
b. No ultra low volume (ULV) application within 1 mile of species'
habitat.
c. Prohibit use of chemical within 20 yards of the edge of all
caverns, sinkholes and surface waters within the defined recharge
areas of the species' habitat for ground application and 100 yards
for aerial application.
d. Adjust maximum application rates to reduce hazard ratios to below
one (using appropriate model) for both freshwater fish and aquatic
invertebrates.
e. After periods of heavy rains, as measured by surface water (greater
than 4 inch puddles) within identified habitat, do not apply
chemical within a 20 yard radius of the known breeding sites of
the Puerto Rican crested toad. Restrictions should remain in place
for no less than 25 days.
3. Establish a pesticide user education program.
a. Direct the user to read, in the county bulletin or other special
Agency brochure, a message on the endangered species protection
program and information encouraging the use of chemical alternatives
and/or farming/forestry practices that will reduce exposure,
including runoff and drift, to listed species.
b. Require the user to complete an Agency (for restricted use
chemicals) or Agency approved State training program including a
satisfactory endangered species protection element (as determined
by the Agency) and information on the use of chemical alternatives
and/or farming/forestry practices that will reduce exposure,
including runoff and drift, to listed species.
4. This action is a local alternative to the labeling/bulletin restriction.
•. Under this action the buffer, or other restriction, carried on the
label/bulletin is the restriction to be followed unless the user is
operating under an approved agreement pursuant to a Federal or State
II-8
-------
endangered species protection plan. The Federal or State endangered
species plan would have to be found to be not likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of any listed species. Any such plan would be under
Agency administration for all necessary reviews, effect determinations,
and enforcement.
Under this action, further formal Section 7 consultation would not be
required for each such agreement provided the following criteria are
met:
A. Landowner agreements and any amendments thereto are concurred in
by the appropriate Regional Office of the Fish and Wildlife Service
prior to their implementation.
B. The agreement may incorporate alternative farming practices,
chemicals or application methods tailored to site-specific
conditions if those alternatives provide the same or greater level
of enforceable protection as the action addressed in the
labeling/bulletin restriction.
C. Protective actions will be enforceable against all owners, their
successors and assigns (contractors, et al). Each new owner will
have to concur in the agreement or be subject to the
labeling/bulletin restriction.
D. Newly listed species and/or new chemicals/uses may be included in
approved agreements if the protective actions in place, when applied
to that species/chemical/use, will result in a no affect
determination by the Agency.
E. The Agency will report annually (in the report required under
generic reasonable and prudent measures) on the effectiveness of
such programs in providing the needed species protection.
F. The agreement will remain effective until cancelled by the
landowner, or significant new biological or chemical data become
available, incidental take occurs that exceeds the anticipated
level (or that level at which the Agency is required to reinitiate
consultation), or subsequent may affect determinations are made.
For any given species, any party applying the chemical within the
prohibited use zone for that pesticide who does not enter into an
approved agreement will continue to be subject to the restrictive action
specified by the label/bulletin.
4sm For the Scioto madtom: All of this species' habitat is to be protected
in landowner agreements which shall contain appropriate protective
provisions or alternatives for the use of No Jeopardy chemicals in
order to minimize the likelihood for incidental take.
II-9
-------
KEY TO TABLES
USES:
Crop = Most or all of the following: corn, cotton, soybeans,
sorghum, wheat, barley, oats, rye, unless otherwise
specified. (See assumption #7 in Section I.)
OPINION:
NE = No exposure
NJ - Exposure but no jeopardy
J = Jeopardy
REASONABLE AND PRUDENT ALTERNATIVES (RPA)/INCIDENTAL TAKE (IT/RPM)
+ = and
/ = or
- = not applicable
11-10
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Acephate TYPE: Insecticide
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 5):
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, pasture/rangeland
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NJ
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NJ
Salamander, Texas blind NJ
Toad, Houston NJ
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming NJ
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Hutton tui NJ
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NJ
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NJ
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NJ
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NJ
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NJ
Gambusia, Clear Creek NJ
0
3a/3b
0
0
2e
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-11
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 5): ACEPHATE
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Gambusia, Pecos NJ - 0
Gambusia, San Marcos NJ 0
Killifish, Pahrump NE - 0
Logperch, Conasauga NJ - 2d/3a
Madtorn, Scioto NJ - 0
Madtorn, smoky NJ - 2d/4
Madtom, yellowfin NJ - 2d/3a
Minnow, loach NJ - 0
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa NE 0
Pupfish, Comanche Springs NJ - 0
Pupfish, desert NJ - 0
Pupfish, Devils Hole NE - 0
Pupfish, Leon Springs NJ - 0
Pupfish, Owens NJ - 0
Pupfish, Warm Springs NE 0
Shiner, beautiful NE - 0
Shiner, Cape Fear NJ - 2d/3a
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose NJ - 0
Silverside, Waccamaw NJ - 2d/4
Squawfish, Colorado NJ - 0
Spikedace NJ - 0
Spinedace, Big Spring NE - 0
Spinedace, Little Colorado NJ - 0
Spinedace, White River NE - 0
Springfish, Hiko White River NE - 0
Springfish, Railroad Valley NE - 0
Springfish, White River NE - 0
Stickleback, unarmored threespine NJ - 3a
Sucker, June NJ 0
Sucker, Lost River NJ - 3a
Sucker, Modoc NJ 0
Sucker, shortnose NJ - 3a -
Sucker, Warner NJ - 0
Topminnow, Gila NJ 0
Topminnow, Yaqui NJ 0
Trout, Apache NJ - 0
Trout, Gila NJ - 0
Trout, greenback cutthroat NJ - 0
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat NJ - 3a
Trout, Little Kern golden NJ - 0
Trout, Paiute cutthroat NJ 0
Woundfin NJ - 0
Mussel, Curtus' NJ - 0
Mussel, Judge Tait's NJ - 0
Mussel, Marshall's NJ - 0
Mussel, penitent NJ 0
Pearl shell, Louisiana NJ 0
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, birdwing NJ - 0
11-12
-------
AQUATJC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 5): ACEPHATE
OPINION RPA
Pearly masse!
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly musseN
Pearly musselN
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean NJ
Cumberland monkeyface NJ
Curtis' NJ
dromedary NJ
green-blossom NJ
llggins' eye NJ
vjttle-wing NJ
orange-footed NJ
palflt liliput NJ
pinkNmucket NJ
tubercNed-blossom NJ
turgid-Ylossom NJ
white caVs paw NJ
white wartyback NJ
Pearly mussel, yellow-blosVom NJ
Pigtoe, fine-rayed \ NJ
Pigtoe, rough \ NJ
Pigtoe, shiny \ NJ
Pocketbook, fat \ NJ/
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James NJ
Spinymussel, Tar River /\NJ
Stirrup shell / JIJ
Amphipod, Hay's spring / No
Crayfish, [cave] / NJ'
Crayfish, Nashville / NJ
Crayfish, Shasta / NE
Isopod, Madison Cave / NJ
Socorro / NJ
Alabama cave / NJ
California freshwater NE
Kentucky cave / NJ
/
Isopod,
Shrimp,
Shrimp,
Shrimp,
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NE
ITYRPM
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Reiejuest Parts 2, 3 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], forests \F], range!and [R]
OPINION RPA \ IT/RPM USE
/ \
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior/least
Vireo, least
RattlesnakeNew Mexican ridge-nosed
Snake, eastern indigo
11-13
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 5): ACEPHATE
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
yellow-blossom
Pearly mussel
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED
IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C],
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado NJ
Plover, piping J
Stork, wood J
Tern, interior least NJ
Vireo, least Bell's NJ
Woodpecker, red-cockaded J
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed NJ
Snake, eastern indigo NJ
forests
RPA
3
19
21
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
la
2c/4
0
2c/4
0
[F], rangeland [R]
IT/RPM USE
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
0
0
0
C
R
C
C,R
C,R
R
R
R
11-13
-------
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Aldicarb (granular)
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide,
nematicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chihuahua
humpback
Hutton tui
Mohave tui
Owens tui
Pahranagat roundtail
slender
Sonora
spotfin
Yaqui
Chub
Chub
Chub
Chub
Chub
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Barter,
Meadows speckled
blackside
desert
Foskett speckled
Kendall Warm Springs
Moapa
amber
bayou
boulder
fountain
leopard
Mary!and
Niangua
Okaloosa
slackwater
snail
watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
17
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
la+i+m
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
11-14
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ALDICARB
OPINION RPA
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Klllifish
Logperch,
Madtorn,
Madtom,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
Clear Creek
Pecos
San Marcos
Pahrump
Conasauga
Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tail's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monteyface
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
IT/RPM
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-15
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ALDICARB
OPINION RPA
bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
yellow-blossom
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NO
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C]
OPINION
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
19
IT/RPM
0
Ic+e
0
11-16
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Aluminum phosphide TYPE: Fumigant
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Pasture/range!and
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed J J5 0
Snake, eastern indigo J 23 0
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Aminocarb
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3)
TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
OPINION
Madtom, Scioto
Trout, Gil a
NO
NJ
RPA
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests [F]
OPINION RPA
Woodpecker, red-cockaded J 21
IT/RPM
4+4sm
la+d/2d
IT/RPM
0
11-17
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Aminopyridine (Avitrol)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
TYPE: Avicide
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
NJ
NO
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
19
IT/RPM
11
Ic
0
Ic+e
0
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Amitrole
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION
TYPE: Herbicide
Aster, Ruth's golden
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge
Gooseberry, Miccosukee
Heather, mountain golden
Mint, longspurred
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains
Townsendia, last chance
Vetch, Hawaiian
NE
J
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
RPA
20
20
26
11-18
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Ammonium sulfamate
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests [F], rangeland [R]
OPINION RPA USE
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J
Broom, San C1 entente Island J
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Heather, mountain golden NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J
Thornmint, San Mateo J
Townsendia, last chance J
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
Wallflower, Contra Costa J
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
26
20
17
20
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F,R
R
R
F
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
F
R
F
F
R
11-19
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Atrazine TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, pasture/range!and
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos J
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed J
Salamander, Texas blind NJ
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Hutton tui NJ
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NJ
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NJ
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain J
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
tambusia, Big Bend NJ
Gambusia, Clear Creek J
2+4/3+6+8/13
1
17
17
3/13
2+4/3+6+8/13
2+4/3+6+8/13
0
3a/3b
2c
0
2e
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2d
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
la+e+m
0
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
la+d/2d
0
11-20
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ATRAZINE
OPINION RPA
IT/RPM
Gambusla, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Ki Hi fish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtorn, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Springfish
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
. -
2
-
-
-
_
_
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
-
_
1
-
3+8/13
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/4
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
3a
la
3a
0
3a
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-21
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ATRAZINE
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
6+11
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
2c/4
0
2c/4
0
11-22
-------
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3): ATRAZINE
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], forests [F], range!and [R]
OPINION RPA IT/RPM USE
Vireo, least Bell's NJ - 0 C,R
Aster, Ruth's golden NE - - F
Barberry, Truckee NE - - R
Beauty, Harper's J 20 - R
Broom, San Clemente Island J 20 - R
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J 20 - R
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE R
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J 20 - R
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE - - R
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J 20 - R
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20 - F,R
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE R
Grass, Solano NE - - R
Heather, mountain golden NE F
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J 20 - R
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE - - R
Manzanita, Presidio NE - - R
Mint, longspurred NE - - F
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J 20 - R
Pawpaw, four-petal NE - - R
Rattleweed, hairy NE - - R
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE - - R
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26 - F
Thornmint, San Mateo J 20 - R
Townsendia, last chance J 17 - F
Vetch, Hawaiian NE - - F
Wallflower, Contra Costa J 20 - R
11-23
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Azinphos-methyl (Guthion) TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Borax Lake
Chihuahua
humpback
Mutton tui
Mohave tui
Owens tui
Pahranagat roundtail
slender
Sonora
spotfin
Yaqui
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Darter
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Meadows speckled
blackside
desert
Foskett speckled
Kendall Warm Springs
Moapa
amber
bayou
boulder
fountain
leopard
Maryland
Niangua
Okaloosa
slackwater
snail
watercress
Big Bend
Clear Creek
NE
J
NE
0
NJ
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
J
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
1
5+17
17
7
3+5+8/13
2+8/13
3/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
3+5+8/13
3+16+27
2+5+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
0
3b
0
0
2e
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3b
0
2d/3b
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-24
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): AZINPHOS-METHYL
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NJ
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
3+5+8/13
-
_
2+8/13
-
2+8/12/13
2+8+27/12/13
3+5+8/J3
-
3+5+8/13
2
_
3+5+8/13
-
-
-
2+8/13
3+5+8/13
2+8/13
-
3+5+8/13
-
3+5+8/13
-
-
-
.
_
.
1
1
1
1
-
_
3+5+8/13
-
3+8/13
-
1
_
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-25
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1
and 3): AZINPHOS-METHYL
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
NO
J
J
NO
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
J
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
3
7/13
2+8/13
11
7/13
7/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-26
-------
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4): AZINPHOS-METHYL
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], forests [F]
OPINION RPA IT/RPM USE
Falcon, northern aplomado J 24 0 C
Plover, piping J 3 0 C
Stork, wood J 19 0 C
Tern, interior least NJ - lc+e C
Vireo, least Bell's NJ - 0 C
Woodpecker, red-cockaded J 21 0 F
Aster, Ruth's golden NE - - F
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J 20 - F
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20 - F
Heather, mountain golden NE - - F
Mint, longspurred NE - - F
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26 - F
Townsendia, last chance J 18 - F
Vetch, Hawaiian NE F
11-27
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Benomyl TYPE: Fungicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed J
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested J
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa J
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
1
17
22
17
3/13
3+16+27
2+8/13
2+8/13
0
3a/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-28
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): BENOMYL
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Uaccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gila
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gila
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
J
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+8/12/13
2+8+27/12/13
3+8/J3
2+8/13
3+8/13
1
3+8/13
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
4sm
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d
0
la
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
11-29
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): BENOMYL
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
J
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
11
7/13
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d/4
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d/4
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
0
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0 •
2c/4
0
11-30
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Bensulide TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [Cotton only]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NE
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
2+8/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-31
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): BENSULIDE
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
, Ash Meadows Amargosa
, Comanche Springs
, desert
, Devils Hole
, Leon Springs
, Owens
, Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
, Waccamaw
Colorado
Madtom,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
2+4/3+8/13
-
_
_
_
-
_
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
2
-
_
-
-
-
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
_
1
-
1
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
_
_
_
-
IT/RPM
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-32
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): BENSULIDE
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-33
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Bifenox TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NJ
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
17
17
0
0
0
0
2e
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-34
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): BIFENOX
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrurap
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-35
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): BIFENOX
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
2c/4
0 -
2c/4
0
11-36
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Bifenthrin TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [cotton]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
Madtorn, Scioto
OPINION
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Bufencarb TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
Madtom, Scioto
OPINION
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
4+4sm
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Cacodylic acid (Dimethylarnic acid) TYPE:
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
Herbicide
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION
Aster, Ruth's golden
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge
Gooseberry, Miccosukee
Heather, mountain golden
Mint, longspurred
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains
Townsendia, last chance
Vetch, Hawaiian
NE
J
J
NE
NE
J
J
NE
RPA
20
20
26
17
11-37
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Camphechlor (Toxaphene)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
TYPE: Insecticide, rodenticide,
acaricide
Madtom, Scioto
OPINION
NJ
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Tern, interior least
Stork, wood
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
NJ
J
J
RPA
RPA
24
3
19
14
IT/RPM
4+4 sm
IT/RPM
0
0
Ic+e
0
0
11-38
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Captan TYPE: Fungicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, rangeland
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NJ
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed J
Salamander, Texas blind NJ
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested J
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Mutton tui J
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NJ
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NJ
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NJ
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NJ
Gambusia, Clear Creek NJ
1
17
22
17
3/13
3+16+27
2+8/13
la+d/2d
3b
2c
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2d
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
0
0
2b+d/4
0
2d/3a
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
11-39
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): CAPTAN
OPINION
RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
J
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2
2
3+8/13
2+8/13
1
3/13
1
1
3
3+8/13
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
3a
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
1a+d+m
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
11-40
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): CAPTAN
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
11
7/13
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
0
0
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
0
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
la
0
0
2c/4
0
11-41
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Carbaryl TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, pasture/rangeland
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3 and 5):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos J 3+6+8/13 0
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed J 1 3a/3b
Salamander, Texas blind J 6/13 0
Toad, Houston J 17 0
Toad, Puerto Rican crested J 22 0
Toad, Wyoming J 17 0
Catfish, Yaqui NE - 0
Cavefish, Alabama J 60
Cavefish, Ozark NJ - 2c/4
Chub, bonytail NE - 0
Chub, Borax Lake NE - 0
Chub, Chihuahua J 3+6+8/13 0
Chub, humpback NJ - 0
Chub, Mutton tui J 2 0
Chub, Mohave tui NE 0
Chub, Owens tui NE 0
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE - 0
Chub, slender NJ - la+d/2d/3b
Chub, Sonora J 3+8/13 0
Chub, spotfin NJ - la+d/2d/3b
Chub, Yaqui J 3+8/13 0
Cui-ui NE - 0
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE - 0
Dace, blackside J 2+8/13 0 *
Dace, desert NE - 0
Dace, Foskett speckled NE - 0
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J 3/13 0
Dace, Moapa NE - 0
Darter, amber J 2+8/13 0
Darter, bayou - J 2+8/13 0
Darter, boulder J 2+8/13 0
Darter, fountain J 3+8/13 0
Darter, leopard J 3+8/13 0
Darter, Maryland J 3+16+27 0
Darter, Niangua NJ - la+d/4
Darter, Okaloosa J 2+5+8/13 0
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13 0
Darter, snail J 2+8/13 0
Darter, watercress NE - 0
Gambusia, Big Bend J 3+6+8/13 0
Gambusia, Clear Creek J 3+6+8/13 0
11-42
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3 and 5):
OPINION
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killiflsh, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside,
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroai
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J
J
NE
J
NJ
J
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
CARBARYL
RPA
3+6+8/13
3+6+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/12/13
2+8+27/12/13
3+8/13
3+6+8/13
2
3+6+8/13
2
2+8/13
3+8/13
2+8/13
3/13
3+8/13
3+8/13
1
3/13
1
1
1
1
3+8/13
3+8/13
3+8/13
3+8/13
1
3
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
4+4sm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
lc+d/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-43
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale 1 ill put
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
d 5):
NION
J
J
0
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
NE
NJ
NE
CARBARYL
RPA
2+8+27
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
_
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
_
2+8+27
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
3
6/13
-
-
11
6+11/13
6/13
-
-
-
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
la/3b
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], rangeland [R]
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Plover, piping
Tern, interior least
J
NJ
0
Ic+e
USE
C,R
C
11-44
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Carbofuran (granular)
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide,
nematicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
17
17
6
3/13
3+16+27
2+8/13
0
0
0
0
2e
0
0
0
3b
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3b
0
2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2b+d/4
0
2d/3a
0
0
11-45
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Killifish
Logperch,
Madtorn,
Madtorn,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
Clear Creek
Pecos
San Marcos
Pahrump
Conasauga
Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
CARBOFURAN
OPINION
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
RPA
2+4+8/13
2
2+4+8/13
IT/RPM
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
4+4 sm
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
la
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
1a+d+m
la+d+m+3b
11-46
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): CARBOFURAN
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
blrdwlng NJ
Cumberland bean NJ
Cumberland monkeyface NJ
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
6/13
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
J
NJ
J
RPA
24
3
19
14
IT/RPM
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-47
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Carbophenothion TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests [Note: suspended]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part I):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefisn, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NO
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
J
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
J
NJ
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
-
-
-
17
22
17
-
7
-
-
-
-
v
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+8/13
-
-
3/13
-
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
3+16+27
-
_
2+8/13
2+8/13
-
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/3b
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0 .
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la/3b
2b+d/4
0
0
0
0
11-48
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
CARBOPHENOTHION
OPINION RPA
IT/RPM
Gambusia, Clear Creek
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupflsh, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
NE
J
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
J
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NJ
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
2+8/13
-
-
2+8+27/12/13
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
3/13
1
1
1
1
-
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
3+8/13
-
1
-
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
0
0
0
0
0
4+4 sm
2d/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-49
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
CARBOPHENOTHION
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
birdwing
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgin's eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
yellow-blossom
Pearly mussel
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
J
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
3
7/13
2+8/13
11
7/13
7/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
3a
0
la/3b
0
3a
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-50
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Chlorothalonil TYPE: Fungicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested J
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
17
22
3/13
3+16+27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-51
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): CHLOROTHALONIL
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tail's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
_
.
_
_
_
-
_
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
2
-
_
_
_
_
_
.
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
1/4
-
1/4
-
-
-
-
-
_
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-52
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): CHLOROTHALONIL
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean NJ
Cumberland monkeyface NJ
Curtis' NJ
dromedary NJ
green-blossom NJ
Higgins' eye NJ
little-wing NJ
orange-footed NJ
pale liliput NJ
pink mucket NJ
tubercled-blossom NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
J
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
11
6/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-53
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Chlorpyrifos
TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, mosquito larvicide,
pasture/range!and
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefisn, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
NE
J 7/13
J 17
J 22
J 17
NE
J 7
J 7/12
NE
NE
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
NJ
J 2
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J 2+4/3+8/13
NJ
J 2+4/3+8/13
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
J 3/13
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
J 3+16+27
J 1+8/12
NJ
J 2+8/10/13
NJ
NJ
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0 .
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
2b+d/4
0
2d/3a
lf+2b/4
0
11-54
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): CHLORPYRIFOS
OPINION RPA
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Kllliflsh
Logperch,
Madtorn,
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Clear Creek
Pecos
San Marcos
Pahrump
Conasauga
Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
2+4/3+8/10/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
2+8+27/12/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
2
2+4/3+8/10/13
2
2+4/3+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
J
J
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
NJ
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
NE
J 2+4/3+8/13
NE
NE
NE
NE
J 1
NJ
J 1
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
1
1
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
1
3
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
4+4sm
2d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
3a
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-55
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): CHLORPYRIFOS
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
birdwing
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
,
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
7/13
2+8/10/13
-
11
11
7/13
-
7/13
-
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
la/3b
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], mosquito larvicide [L]
OPINION RPA IT/RPM USE
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, California least
Tern, interior least
Yireo, least Bell's
0
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
24
3
19
20
-
-
0
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
C
C
C,L
L
C
C,L
11-56
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
TYPE: Insecticide, nematicide
X
Crops, X
IT/RPM
PESTICIDE:
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT8EINION
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior lea
Vireo, least Bel>*s
11-57
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Cloethocarb TYPE: Insecticide, nematicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Falcon, northern aplomado NJ - 11
Plover, piping J 30
Stork, wood J 19 0
Tern, interior least NJ - Ic+e
Vireo, least Bell's J 14 0
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Clopyralid TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Rangeland
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J 20
Broom, San Clemente Island J 20
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J 20
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J 20
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Gooseberry, Miccosukee NJ
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J 20
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J 20
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thornmint, San Mateo J 20
Wallflower, Contra Costa J 20
11-57
-------
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Copper sulfate, basic TYPE: Algicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NE
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
17
7
3/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-58
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): COPPER SULFATE
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warn Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tail's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+8/13
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
4+4sm
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-59
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): COPPER SULFATE
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0 -
2c/4
0
11-60
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Cuprous oxide TYPE: Fungicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT
Madtom, Scioto NJ .- 4+4sm
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Cypermethrin TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT
Madtom, Scioto NJ - 4+4sm
11-61
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: 2,4-D acid/salts and esters TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Rangeland
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J 20
Broom, San C1 entente Island J 20
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J 20
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J 20
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J 20
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J 20
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thornmint, San Mateo J 20
Wallflower, Contra Costa J 20
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dalapon
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 3)
TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], forests [F]
OPINION RPA
Vireo, least Bell's
Aster, Ruth's golden
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge
Gooseberry, Miccosukee
Heather, mountain golden
Mint, longspurred
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains
Townsendia, last chance
Vetch, Hawaiian
NJ
NE
J
J
NE
NE
J
J
NE
20
20
26
17
IT/RPM USE
) C
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
11-62
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dazomet (Mylone) TYPE: Nematicide, fungicide,
herbicide, insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J 20
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20
Heather, mountain golden NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26
Townsendia, last chance NE
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Demeton TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Madtom, Scioto NJ - 4+4sm
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Vireo, least Bell's J 14 0
11-63
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Diazinon (all formulations) TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, mosquito larvicide,
pasture/rangeland
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Mutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
J
J
J
J
J
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
J
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
NJ
J
2+4/3+6+8/10/13
1
6/13
17
22
17
-
6
-
-
-
2+4/3+6+8/10/13
-
2
-
-
-
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
.
2+8/10/13
-
-
3/13
-
2+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
2+4/3+6+8/10/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
3+16+27
-
2+5+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
-
2+4/3+6+8/10/13
0
3a/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
0
lf+2b/4
0
11-64
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): DIAZINON
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, Clear Creek
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Ki Hi fish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, l.eon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
J 2+4/3+6+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+6+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+6+8/10/13
NE
J 2+8/10/13
NJ
J 2+8/12/13
J 2+8+27/12/13
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
NE
J 2+4/3+6+8/10/13
J 2
NE
J 2+4/3+6+8/10/13
J 2
NE
NE
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
J 3+8/13
J 2+4/3+8/10/13
NE
J 2+4/3+8/13
NE
NE
NE
NE
1
3/13
2+4/3+8/13
J 2+4/3+8/13
J 2+4/3+8/13
NJ
J 3+8/13
NJ
J 1
J 3
J 3+8/13
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
4+4 sm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
lc+d/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-65
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): DIAZINON
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
birdwing
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
-
_
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
-
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
6/13
2+8/10/13
-
11
6+11
6/13
-
6/13
-
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
la/3b
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 -
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], rangeland [R]
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Falcon, northern aplomado J
Plover, piping J
Stork, wood J
Tern, interior least NJ
Vireo, least Bell's J
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed NJ
Snake, eastern indigo NJ
USE
24
3
19
-
14
-
-
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
lj
0
C
C
C
C
C
R
R
11-66
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dicamba TYPE: Herbicide
Dimethyl amine dicamba
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Pasture/rangeland
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J 20
Broom, San Clemente Island J 20
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J 20
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J 20
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Gooseberry, Miccosukee NO
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J 20
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian J 20
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thornmint, San Mateo J 20
Wallflower, Contra Costa J 20
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dichlobenil TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J 20
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20
Heather, mountain golden NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26
Townsendia, last chance J 17
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
11-67
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dichlorprop (2,4-DP)
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
OPINION
TYPE: Herbicide
RPA
Madtom, Scioto
Trout, Gil a
NO
NJ
IT/RPM
4+4sm
la+d/2d
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests [F], range!and [R]
OPINION RPA USE
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J
Broom, San Clemente Island J
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Heather, mountain golden NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J
Thornmint, San Mateo J
Townsendia, last chance J
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
Wallflower, Contra Costa J
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
26
20
18
20
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F,R
R
R
F
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
F
R
F
F
R
11-68
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dichlorvos (DDVP) TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Mosquito larvicide
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
Madtom, Scioto
OPINION
NJ
RPA
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4)
OPINION
Stork, wood
Tern, California least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
19
IT/RPM
4+4sm
IT/RPM
0
0
0
11-69
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dicofol (Kelthane) TYPE: Acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
3+16+27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-70
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): DICOFOL
OPINION RPA
Gambusla, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
3+8/13
3+8/13
2
3+8/13
2+8/13
3+8/13
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
2d/3a
4+4sm
0
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-71
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): DICOFOL
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
7/13
IT/RPM
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0 .
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION
Vireo, Least Bell's
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
11-72
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dicrotophos TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [cotton, soybeans]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J
Darter, bayou J
Darter, boulder J
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail J
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-73
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
DICROTOPHOS
OPINION RPA
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+8/13
2+8+27/12/13
2+8/13
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
2d/4
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-74
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): DICROTOPHOS
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean NJ 0
Pearly mussel, Cumberland monkeyface NJ 0
Pearly mussel, Curtis' NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, dromedary NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, green-blossom NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, Higgins' eye NJ 0
Pearly mussel, little-wing NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, orange-footed NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, pale liliput NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, pink mucket NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, tubercled-blossom NE - 0
Pearly mussel, turgid-blossom NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, white cat's paw NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, white wartyback NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom NE - 0
Pigtoe, fine-rayed NJ 0
Pigtoe, rough NJ - 0
Pigtoe, shiny NJ - 0
Pocketbook, fat NJ - 0
Pocketbook, speckled NE - 0
Riffle shell, tan NJ - 0
Spinymussel, James NJ - 0
Spinymussel, Tar River NJ - 0
Stirrup shell NJ - 0
Amphipod, Hay's spring NE - 0
Crayfish, [cave] NE - 0
Crayfish, Nashville J 2+8/13 0
Crayfish, Shasta NE - 0
Isopod, Madison Cave NE - 0
Isopod, Soccorro NE - 0
Shrimp, Alabama cave NE - 0
Shrimp, California freshwater NE - 0
Shrimp, Kentucky cave NJ - 2c/4
Naucorid, Ash Meadows NE - 0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Falcon, northern aplomado J 24 0
Plover, piping J 30
Stork, wood J 19 0
Tern, interior least NJ - Ic+e
Vireo, least Bell's J 14 0
11-75
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Diflubenzuron (Dimilin)
TYPE: Insect growth inhibitor
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [cotton, soybeans], forests,
pasture [CA only]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3 and 5):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NJ
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NJ
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
0
0
0
U
2e
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3b
0
2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
la+i+m
0
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
11-76
-------
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3 and 5):
OPINION
DIFLUBENZURON
RPA
Gambusia, Clear Creek
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtorn, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
IT/RPM
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
0
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-77
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3 and 5): DIFLUBENZURON
OPINION - RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
birdwing
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, speckled
Pocketbook, fat
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Soccorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
11
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
2c/4
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
OPINION
Snail, flat-spired three-toothed NE
Snail, painted snake coiled forest NE
Snail, Virginia fringed mountain NE
RPA
IT/RPM
0
0
0
11-78
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dimethoate TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, pasture
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Mutton tui J
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard J
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
5+17
17
3/13
3+5+8/13
3+16+27
0
0
0
0
2e
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-79
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): DIMETHOATE
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusla, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Mad torn, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupflsh, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
OPINION
J
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
RPA
3+5+8/13
-
-
-
_
-
-
3+5+8/13
-
--
-
'
-
-
-
-
-
3+5+8/13
-
-
3+5+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
3a
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-80
-------
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, s
Riffle shell,
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel,
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madi
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alab
Shrimp, Cali
; (Request Part 1): DIMETHOATE
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkey face
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange -footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
yellow-blossom
lyed
ickled
.an
tines
ir River
; spring
»]
'ille
a
i Cave
i
i cave
•nia freshwater
:y cave
leadows
OPINION
J
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NE
J
NE
J
NE
RPA
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
_
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
3
7/13
-
.
11
.
7/13
-
7/13
-
IT/RPM
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-81
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Dinoseb TYPE: Herbicide, insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: None - Registration suspended, stocks
bought up by the Agency. See generic discussion of cancelled/ suspended
chemicals in the introduction to this opinion.
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Diphenamid TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J 20
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20
Heather, mountain golden NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26
Townsendia, last chance NE
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Diquat dibromide TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [sorghum]
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Vireo, least Bell's NJ - 0
11-82
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Disulfoton (Disyston)
[all formulations]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests
RPA IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Borax Lake
Chihuahua
humpback
Hutton tui
Mohave tui
Owens tui
Pahranagat roundtail
slender
Sonora
spotfin
Yaqui
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter
Darter,
Meadows speckled
blackside
desert
Foskett speckled
Kendall Warm Springs
Moapa
amber
bayou
boulder
fountain
leopard
Mary!and
Niangua
Okaloosa
slackwater
snail
watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
17
17
6
3/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+8/13
0
0
0
0
2e
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3b
0
2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
la+i+m
la+d/4
2b+d/4
0
2d/3a
0
0
II-83
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): DISULFOTON
OPINION RPA
IT/RPM
Gambusla,
Gambusia,
Gambusla,
Killifish
Logperch,
Madtorn,
Madtorn,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
Clear Creek
Pecos
San Marcos
Pahrump
Conasauga
Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+4/3+8/13
_-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
-
1/4
-
1/4
1/4
-
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
-
1
-
3+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
4+4sm
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-84
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): DISULFOTON
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
birdwing
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
2c/4
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C]
OPINION
Plover, piping J
RPA
3
IT/RPM USE
0
11-85
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Diuron TYPE:
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Herbicide, algicide
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-86
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): DIURON
OPINION
RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scloto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-87
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
DIURON
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel;
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean NJ
Cumberland monkeyface NJ
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-88
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Endosulfan TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed J
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
17
6
3/13
3+16+27
2+8/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-89
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ENDOSULFAN
OPINION- RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tail's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
3+5+8/13
3+5+8/13
2
3+5+8/13
2+8/13
3+5+8/13
3/13
1
1
1
1
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-90
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ENDOSULFAN
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1a+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
NJ
J
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
3
19
IT/RPM
11
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-91
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Endrin TYPE:
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
Insecticide, rodenticide
Madtorn, Scioto
OPINION
NJ
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
RPA
RPA
IT/RPM
4+4sm
IT/RPM
J
J
J
NJ
J
24
3
19
-
14
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: EPN TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
Madtorn, Scioto
OPINION
NJ
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
J
NJ
J
RPA
RPA
24
3
19
14
IT/RPM
4+4sm
IT/RPM
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-92
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: EPTC TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J 20
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20
Heather, mountain golden NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26
Townsendia, last chance J 17
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
11-93
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Ethion TYPE: Acaricide, insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J
Darter, bayou J
Darter, boulder J
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail J
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
17
7
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
3+16+27
2+8/13
2+8/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-94
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ETHION
OPINION
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
RPA
IT/RPM
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
J
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
2+8/13
-
-
2+8+27/12/13
2+4/3+8/13
-_
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
.
-
-
-
-
-
-
3/13
1
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
0
0
0
0
4+4sm
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-95
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ETHION
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkey face
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8/13
7/13
IT/RPM
0
0
3b
0
0
3a
0
3b
0
3a
0
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-96
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Ethoprop (granular) TYPE: Nematicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
3+16+27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
0
3b
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
11-97
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ETHOPROP
OPINION - RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupflsh
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
1
1
1/4
3+8/13
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
4+4sm
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
11-98
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ETHOPROP
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean NJ
Pearly mussel, Cumberland monkeyface NJ
Curtis' NJ
dromedary NJ
green-blossom NJ
Higgins' eye NJ
little-wing NJ
orange-footed NJ
pale liliput NJ
pink mucket NJ
tubercled-blossom NE
turgid-blossom NJ
white cat's paw NJ
white wartyback NJ
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom NE
Pigtoe, fine-rayed NJ
Pigtoe, rough NJ
Pigtoe, shiny NJ
Pocketbook, fat NJ
Pocketbook, speckled NE
Riffle shell, tan NJ
Spinymussel, James NJ
Spinymussel, Tar River NJ
Stirrup shell NJ
Amphipod, Hay's spring NE
Crayfish, [cave] NE
Crayfish, Nashville NJ
Crayfish, Shasta NE
Isopod, Madison Cave NJ
Soccorro NE
Alabama cave NE
California freshwater NE
Shrimp, Kentucky cave NJ
Naucorid, Ash Meadows NE
Isopod,
Shrimp,
Shrimp,
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
24
3
19
IT/RPM
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-99
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Ethyl parathion (parathion) TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide,
tadpole shrimp control
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, mosquito larvicide, pasture
RPA IT/RPM
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Nohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
J
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
NJ
J
Id/13
1
7
17
-
17
.
6
-
-
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2+8/10/13
-
_
-
.
2+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
10/13
10/13
3+16+27
-
2+5+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
-
10/13
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3b
0
2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
0
lf+2b/4
0
11-100
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ETHYL PARATHION
OPINION RPA
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Killifish
Logperch,
Madtorn,
Madtorn,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Clear Creek
Pecos
San Marcos
Pahrump
Conasauga
Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Barm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
J
J
J
NE
J
NJ
J
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
10/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
10/13
2+8/10/13
2+8/12/13
2+8+27/12/13
2+4/3+8/.10/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
2
2+4/3+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
2+4/3+8/10/13
1
3/13
1
1
1
1
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
4+4sm
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
If
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-101
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): ETHYL PARATHION
OPINION~ RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel
blrdwing
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
NE
J
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
_
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
_
.
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
_
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
_
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
6/13
2+8/10/13
-
11
_
6/13
-
6/13
-
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3b
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (EPA Parts 2, 3 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [Cl, mosquito larvicide [L]
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern California least
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
OPINION
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
RPA
24
3
19
20
14
IT/RPM USE
0
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
C
C
C,L
L
C
C,L
11-102
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Fenamiphos [all formulations]
TYPE: Nematicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [cotton, soybeans]
17
6
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J 2+8/13
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J 2+8/13
Darter, bayou J 2+8/13
Darter, boulder J 2+8/13
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J 3+16+27
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13
Darter, snail J 2+8/13
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-103
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): FENAMIPHOS
OPINION RPA
IT/RPM
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tail's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
-
-
2+8/13
-
-
2+8+27/12/13
-
-
-
-2
-
'
-
-
-
2+8/13
-
2+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1/4
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-104
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): FENAMIPHOS
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8/13
6/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
J
NJ
J
RPA
24
3
19
14
IT/RPM
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-105
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Fenitrothion TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests [spruce, fir]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 3 and 5):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Cavefish, Alabama NJ - 2c/4
Chub, bonytail NE - 0
Chub, Borax Lake NE - 0
Chub, Chihuahua NE 0
Chub, humpback NJ 0
Chub, Mohave tui NE - 0
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE 0
Chub, slender NJ - 2d/3b
Chub, spotfin NJ - 2d/3b
Cui-ui NE 0
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE 0
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J 3/13 0
Dace, Moapa NE - 0
Darter, bayou NJ - la+d/2d
Darter, fountain NE - 0
Darter, leopard NE - 0
Darter, Maryland NE - 0
Darter, Okaloosa NJ - 2b+d/4
Darter, slackwater NJ - 2d/3a
Darter, snail NJ - 2d/3a
Darter, watercress NE - 0
Gambusia, Big Bend NE 0
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE 0
Gambusia, Pecos NE 0
Gambusia, San Marcos NE 0
Killifish, Pahrump NE - 0
Madtom, Scioto NE 0
Madtom, yellowfin NJ - 2d/3a
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa NE 0
Pupfish, Comanche Springs NE 0
Pupfish, desert NE 0
Pupfish, Devils Hole NE - 0
Pupfish, Leon Springs NE - 0
Pupfish, Owens NE - 0
Pupfish, Warm Springs NE - 0
Squawfish, Colorado NJ 0
Stickleback, unarmored threespine NE 0
Topminnow, Gil a NE 0
Trout, Apache J 3+8/13 0
Trout, Gil a NJ - la+d/2d
11-106
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 3 and 5): FENITROTHION
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Trout, greenback cutthroat NJ - 0
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat NJ - 3a
Trout, Little Kern golden J 10
Trout, Paiute cutthroat NJ - 0
Woundfin NE - 0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Vireo, least Bell's NJ - 0
Woodpecker, red-cockaded J 21 0
11-107
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Fenoprop (Silvex) TYPE: Herbicide,
growth inhibitor
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Rangeland
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J 20
Broom, San Clentente Island J 20
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J 20
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J 20
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Gooseberry, Miccosukee NJ
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J 20
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian J 20
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thornmint, San Mateo J 20
Wallflower, Contra Costa J 20
11-108
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Fensulfothion (Dasanit)
[all formulations]
TYPE: Nematicide, insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops (C) [Note: Registration cancelled
for use on corn, cotton, sorghum and soybeans in September, 1988, but
product still available in the market. Opinions provided for bulletins.
See discussion on cancelled chemicals in the introduction to this opinion.]
AQUATIC SPECIES (EPA Parts 1 and 3):
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
humpback
Hutton tui
Mohave tui
Owens tui
Pahranagat roundtail
slender
Sonora
spotfin
Yaqui
Chub
Chub
Chub
Chub
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Darter
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Meadows speckled
blackside
desert
Foskett speckled
Kendall Warm Springs
Moapa
amber
bayou
boulder
fountain
leopard
Maryland
Niangua
Okaloosa
slackwater
snail
OPINION
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
J
J
RPA
17
7
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
3+16+27
2+8/13
2+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
2e
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2b+d/4
0
0
11-109
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (EPA Parts 1 and 3): FENSULTOTHION
OPINION" RPA
IT/RPM
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Killifish,
Clear Creek
Pecos
San Marcos
Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupflsh, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
.
-
-
-
-
.
2+8/13
-
.
2+8+27/12/13
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
2+8/13
-
2+8/13
-
-
-
_
_
-
-
-
.
3/13
1/4
1/4
1/4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
4+4sm
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-110
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (EPA Parts 1 and 3): FENSULFOTHION
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Alabama lamp
Applachian monkeyface
birdwing
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
0
J
J
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (EPA Part 2)
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
OPINION
J
J
NJ
J
RPA
24
3
14
IT/RPM
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-111
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Fenthion TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Mosquito larvicide
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
Madtorn, Scioto
OPINION
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
4+4sm
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 5)
OPINION
Stork, wo'od
Tern, California least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
NJ
RPA
19
20
IT/RPM
0
0
0
11-112
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Fenvalerate (Pydrin)
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests [douglas-fir]
17
7
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish,.Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J 3/13
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J 3+16+27
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
I/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
11-113
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): FENVALERATE
OPINION - RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scloto
Mad torn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+8/13
3+5+8/13
1
3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
4+4sm
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2b/2d
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2b/2d
0
la
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
la
3a
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
11-114
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): FENVALERATE
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-115
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE -
PESTICIDE: Fluchloralin TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Madtorn, Scioto NJ - 4+4sm
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Flucythrinate TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Madtorn, Scioto NJ - 4+4sm
11-116
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Fonofos
TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
humpback
Hutton tui
Mohave tui
Owens tui
Pahranagat roundtail
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Chub,
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Dace,
Darter
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
slender
Sonora
spotfin
Yaqui
Meadows speckled
blackside
desert
Foskett speckled
Kendall Warm Springs
Moapa
amber
bayou
boulder
fountain
leopard
Maryland
Niangua
Okaloosa
slackwater
snail
watercress
Big Bend
Clear Creek
Gambusia, Pecos
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
RPA
1
17
6
3+16+27
2+8/13
IT/RPM
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-117
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): FONOFOS
OPINION" RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfln
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupflsh, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
2+8/13
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
4+4sm
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-118
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): FONOFOS
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
6/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
24
3
19
IT/RPM
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-119
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Fosamine-ammonium TYPE;
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J
Heather, mountain golden NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J
Townsendia, last chance NE
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
Herbicide
RPA
20
-20
26
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Gas cartridges TYPE: Fumigant
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Rangeland/pastureland
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed
Snake, eastern indigo
OPINION
J
J
RPA
15
23
IT/RPM
0
0
11-120
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Glyphosate TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J 20
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20
Heather, mountain golden NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26
Townsendia, last chance J 17
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
11-121
-------
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Hexazinone TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests [F], range!and [R]
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA USE
Aster, Ruth's golden NE - F
Barberry, Truckee NE - R
Beauty, Harper's J 20 R
Broom, San Clemente Island J 20 R
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J 20 R
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE - R
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J 20 R
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE - R
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J 20 R
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20 F,R
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE R
Grass, Solano NE - R
Heather, mountain golden NE - F
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J 20 R
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE - R
Manzanita, Presidio NE - R
Mint, longspurred NE F
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J 20 R
Pawpaw, four-petal NE - R
Rattleweed, hairy NE - R
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE - R
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26 F
Thornmint, San Mateo J 20 R
Townsendia, last chance J 17 F
Vetch, Hawaiian NE - F
Wallflower, Contra Costa J 20 R
11-122
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Isofenphos (Oftanol)
TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [corn]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
2c/4
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-123
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusla, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
ISOFENPHOS
OPINION
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
RPA
3/13
3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
4+4 sm
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-124
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): ISOFENPHOS
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, s'hiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
NJ
J
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
3
19
IT/RPM
11
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-125
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Linuron TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crop [Sorghum]
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Vireo, least Bell's NJ « 0
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Magnesium phosphide TYPE: Fumigant
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Range!and/pasture!and
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed J 15 0
Snake, eastern indigo J 23 0
11-126
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE ,
PESTICIDE: Malathion
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION:
rangeland
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
Crops, forests, mosquito larvicide,
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
Gambusia, Clear Creek
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
J 1
J 7/13
J 17
J 22
J 17
NE
J 6
NJ
NE
NE
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
NJ
J 2
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
J 2+8/10/13
NE
NE
J 5
NE
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
J 3+16+27
NJ
J 2+4+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
NJ
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
2+4/3+5+8/13
2+4/3+5+8/13
IT/RPM
0
3a/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
lf+2b/4
0
0
11-127
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): MALATHION
OPINION RPA
IT/RPM
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
NE
J 2+8/10/13
NJ
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+8+27/12/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
NE
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
J 2
NE
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
J 2
NE
NE
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
J 3/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
NE , -
J 2+4/3+5+8/10/13
NE
NE
NE
NE
J 1
J 3/13
J 1
J 1
J 1
J 1
J 2+4/3+5+8/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/13
J 2+4/3+5+8/13
NJ
J 3+8/13
NJ
J 1
J 3
J 5
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
lc+d/2b/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-128
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): MALATHION
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
.turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
NJ
J
J
NE
NJ
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
3
6/13
11
6/13
IT/RPM
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
3a
0
la/3b
0
3a
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-129
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Mancozeb
TYPE: Fungicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests [conifers]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NJ
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
RPA
17
3/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
lj
2e
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-130
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
MANCOZEB
OPINION.
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-131
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): MANCOZEB
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fjne-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
2c/4
0
2c/4
0
11-132
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: MCPA-thioethyl TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Rangeland
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J 20
Broom, San C1 entente Island J -20
Bush-mallow, San Clentente Island 0 20
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J 20
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J 20
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Larkspur, San Cl entente Island J 20
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J 20
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J 26
Thornmint, San Mateo J 20
Wallflower, Contra Costa J 20
11-133
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
17
7
PESTICIDE: Methidathion
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J 2+8/13
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J 2+8/13
Darter, bayou J 2+8/13
Darter, boulder J 2+8/13
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J 3+16+27
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13
Darter, snail J 2+8/13
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-134
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): METHIDATHION
OPINION- RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killlfish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupflsh, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
2+8/13
2+8+27/12/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-135
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): HETHIDATHION
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NJ
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
11
7/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-136
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Methomyl
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, pasture
RPA
5+17
17
2/4
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NJ
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed J
Salamander, Texas blind NJ
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish,. Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Hutton tui J
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NJ
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Virgin River NE
Chub, Yaqui NJ
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NJ
Darter, leopard J
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NJ
Gambusia, Clear Creek NJ
Gambusia, Pecos J 3+5+6+8/13
3/13
3+5+8/13
2+8/13
IT/RPM
la+d/2b/2d
3b
2c
0
2e
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3b
la+d/2b/2d
2d/3b
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
la+d/2b/2d
0
la+i+m
0
2b+d/4
0
2d/3a
0
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
0
11-137
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, San Marcos
Klllifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
METHOMYL
OPINION
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
RPA
3+5+8/13
2/4
2/4
3+5+8/13
3+5+8/13
3+5+8/13
1
1/4
1/4
1
3
IT/RPM
la+d/2b/2d
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
la
3a
0
0
la
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
11-138
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): METHOMYL
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
3
7/13
11
6/11
7/13
7/13
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-139
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Methoprene TYPE: Insect growth regulator
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Mosquito larvicide
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 3 and 5):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mohave tul NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, spotfin NJ
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, fountain NJ
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland NE
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NJ
Gambusia, Clear Creek NJ
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
Gambusia, San Marcos NJ
Killifish, Pahrump NE
Madtom, Scioto NJ
Madtorn, yellowfin NJ
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa NE
Pupfish, Comanche Springs NJ
Pupfish, desert NE
Pupfish, Devils Hole NE
Pupfish, Leon Springs NJ
Pupfish, Owens NJ
Pupfish, Warm Springs NE
Squawfish, Colorado NJ
Stickleback, unarmored threespine NJ
Topminnow, Gil a NJ
Trout, Apache NE
Trout, Gil a NE
2c/4
0
0
If
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
If
If
0
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
If
If
If
If
0
0
2d/3a
0
If
0
0
If
0
0
0
3a
If
0
0
11-140
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 3 and 5): METHOPRENE
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Trout, greenback cutthroat NE 0
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat NE - 0
Trout, Little Kern golden NE - 0
Trout, Paiute cutthroat NE - 0
Woundfin J 3+8/13 0
11-141
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Methoxychlor TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, mosquito larvicide
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Madtorn, Scioto NO - 4+4sm
11-142
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Methyl parathion
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, mosquito larvicide,
range!and
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3 and 5):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
Gambusia, Clear Creek
RPA
IT/RPM
J 3+5+6+8/10/13
NJ
J 7/13
J 5+17
J 22
J 17
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
J 3+5+6+8/10/13
NJ , -
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
J 3/13
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
J 3+5+6+8/10/13
J 3+5+8/10/13
J 3+16+27
NJ
NJ
J 2+8/10/13
NJ
NJ
J 3+5+6+8/10/13
J 3+5+6+8/10/13
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3b
la+d/2b/2d
2d/3b
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
0
0
2b+d/4
0
2d/3a
lf+2b/4
0
0
11-143
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3 and 5):
OPINION
METHYL PARATHION
RPA IT/RPM
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusla, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
3+5+6+8/10/13
3+5+6+8/10/13
3+5+8/10/13
3+5+6+8/10/13
2
3+5+6+8/10/13
3+5+8/10/13
3+5+8/10/13
3+5+8/13
3/13
3+5+8/13
3+5+8/13
3+5+8/13
3+8/13
1
3
3+8/13
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
11-144
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1, 3 and 5):
OPINION
METHYL PARATHION
RPA IT/RPM
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, f.ine- rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4)
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
J
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
_
_
1+8/12
-
_
.
-
_
.
-
'
1+8/12
-
-
.
.
.
-
-
-
-
_
.
3
6/13
2+8/10/13
-
11
5+6+11
6/13
-
6/13
-
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d/4
la+d+m+3b
la+d/4
la+d+m
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d/4
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], forests [F], mosquito
larvicide [L], range!and [R]
OPINION RPA IT/RPM USE
Falcon, northern aplomado J
Plover, piping J
Stork, wood J
Tern, California least NJ
Tern, interior least NJ
Vireo, least Bell's J
Woodpecker, red-cockaded J
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed NJ
Snake, eastern indigo NJ
24
3
19
-
-
14
21
-
-
0
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
0
11
0
C
R
C,L
L
C,R
C,L,R
F
R
R
11-145
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Mevinphos (Phosdrin) TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J 17
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J 7
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J 2+8/13
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J 2+8/13
Darter, bayou J 2+8/13
Darter, boulder J 2+8/13
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J 3+16+27
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13
Darter, snail J 2+8/13
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos J 3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-146
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusla, San Marcos
Killlfish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
MEVINPHOS-
OPINION-
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
J
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
RPA
2+8/13
2+8+27/12/13
3+8/13
2+8/13
3+8/13
2+8/13
3+8/13
3/13
1
1
1
1
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-147
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): MEVINPHOS
Pearly mussel, Cumberland monkeyface
Pearly mussel, Curtis'
Pearly mussel , dromedary
Pearly mussel, green-blossom
Pearly mussel, Higgins' eye
Pearly mussel , little-wing
Pearly mussel, orange-footed
Pearly mussel, pale liliput
Pearly mussel, pink mucket
Pearly mussel, tubercled-blossom
Pearly mussel , turgid-blossom
Pearly mussel, white cat's paw
Pearly mussel, white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp., California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
OPINION
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
RPA
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8/13
7/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
J
NJ
J
RPA
24
3
19
14
IT/RPM
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-148
-------
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Naled
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, mosquito larvicide,
pasture/rangeland
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
Gambusia, Clear Creek
RPA
J
J
J
J
J
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
3+5+8/10/13
1
7/13
5+17
22
17
-
7
-
-
-
3+5+8/10/13
-
2/4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
3/13
-
_
_
-
3+5+8/10/13
3+5+8/10/13
3+16+27
-
-
-
_
_
3+5+8/10/13
3+5+8/10/13
IT/RPM
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
lf+2b/4
0
0
11-149
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): NALED
OPINION -
RPA
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killlfish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Madtom,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish,
Pupfish,
Pupfish,
Pupfish,
Pupfish,
Pupfish,
Pupfish,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside,
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gila
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
3+5+8/10/13
3+5+8/10/13
3+5+8/13
3+5+8/10/13
2
3+5+8/10/13
2/4
3+5+8/10/13
2+8/10/13
3+5+8/13
3+5+8/13
1/4
3/13
1/4
1/4
1/4
1/4
3+5+8/13
3+5+8/13
3+8/13
1
3
3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
11-150
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): NALED
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NE
NJ
NE
1+8/12
1+8/12
2+8/10/13
11
11
7/13
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
3a
la+d+m+3a
la/3b
la+d+m+3a
3a
la+d+m
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
2c/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-151
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Nitrapyrin TYPE:
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
Bacteriostat
RPA
17
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
11-152
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
NITRAPYRIN
OPINION
RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos NE
Killifish, Pahrump NE
Logperch, Conasauga NJ
Madtorn, Scioto NJ
Madtorn, smoky NJ
Madtorn, yellowfin NJ
Minnow, loach NJ
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa NE
Pupfish, Comanche Springs NJ
Pupfish, desert NJ
Pupfish, Devils Hole NE
Pupfish, Leon Springs NJ
Pupfish, Owens NE
Pupfish, Warm Springs NE
Shiner, beautiful NE
Shiner, Cape Fear NJ
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose NE
Sllverslde, Waccamaw NJ
Squawfish, Colorado NJ
Spikedace NJ
Splnedace, Big Spring NE
Spinedace, Little Colorado NE
Spinedace, White River NE
Springfish, Hiko White River NE
Springfish, Railroad Valley NE
Springfish, White River NE
Stickleback, unarmored threespine NE
Sucker, June NJ
Sucker, Lost River NJ
Sucker, Modoc NJ
Sucker, shortnose NJ
Sucker, Warner NJ
Topminnow, Gil a NE
Topminnow, Yaqui NE
Trout, Apache NE
Trout, Gil a NE
Trout, greenback cutthroat NE
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat NE
Trout, Little Kern golden NE
Trout, Paiute cutthroat NE
Woundfin NJ
Mussel, Curtus' NJ
Mussel, Judge Tait's NJ
Mussel, Marshall's NJ
Mussel, penitent NJ
Pearl shell, Louisiana NJ
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp NJ
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface NJ
Pearly mussel, birdwing NJ
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean NJ
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
11-153
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
NITRAPYRIN
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface NJ
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
0
0
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
0
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-154
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Oxamyl
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide,
nematicide
RPA
17
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
II-155
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part I):
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gila
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tail's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
OXAMYL
OPINION
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-156
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OXAMYL
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NO
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
J
NJ
J
RPA
24
3
19
14
IT/RPM
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-157
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE ..
PESTICIDE: Oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R) TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests [douglas-fir]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
RPA
17
2+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-158
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Mad torn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Mad torn,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside,
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
OXYDEMETON-METHYL
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
NE - 0
NE - 0
NJ - 2d/3a
NJ - 0
NJ - 2d/4
NJ - 2d/3a
NJ - la+d/2d
NE - 0
NJ - la+d/2d
J 20
NE - 0
NJ - la+d/2d
NE - 0
NE - 0
NE - 0
NJ - 2d/3a
NJ - la+d/2d
NJ - 2d/4
NJ - la
NJ - la+d/2d
NE - 0
NJ - la+d/2d
NE - 0
NE - 0
NE - 0
NE - 0
NE - 0
NJ - la
NJ - 3a
NJ - 0
NJ - 3a
NJ - 0
NE - 0
NE - 0
NJ - la+d/2d
NJ - la+d/2d
NE - 0
NJ - 3a
J 1 0
NE - 0
J 3+8/13 0
NJ - 0
NJ - 0
NJ - 0
NJ - 0
NJ - 0
NJ - 0
NJ - 0
NJ - 0
NJ - 0
11-159
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OXYDEMETON-METHYL
OPINION RPA
IT/RPM
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-160
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Oxyfluorfen
TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests
RPA
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NJ
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
17
3/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
2e
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-161
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): OXYFLUORFEN
OPINION - RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-162
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): OXYFLUORFEN
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
J
NE
J
NE
7/13
7/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
19
IT/RPM
11
Ic
0
Ic+e
0
11-163
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Paraquat dichloride
TYPE: Herbicide
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [C], forests [F], rangeland [R]
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado NJ
Plover, piping NJ
Stork, wood J
Tern, interior least NJ
Vireo, least Bell's NE
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J
Broom, San Clemente Island J
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Heather, mountain golden NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J
Thornmint, San Mateo J
Townsendia, last chance J
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
Wallflower, Contra Costa J
RPA
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
26
20
17
20
IT/RPM USE
0
Ic
0
Ic+e
0
,R
,R
C
R
C
C,
C,
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F,R
R
R
F
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
F
R
F
F
R
11-164
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Pendimethalin
TYPE: Herbicide
17
7
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE -
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos J 2+4/3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/3b
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
la+i
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
11-165
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PENDIMETHALIN
OPINION - RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Nadtom, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtorn,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Ca'pe Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tail's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshe!1, Loui si ana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
2+4/3+8/13
2
2+4/3+8/13
2+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-166
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PENDIMETHALIN
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Hlggins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-167
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Permethrin
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed J
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish,.0zark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J
Darter, bayou J
Darter, boulder J
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail J
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
TYPE: Insecticide
RPA
_
1
—
-
-
17
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
/13
-
-
-
/13
/13
/13
-
-
-
-
-
/13
/13
-
-
-
-
IT/RPM
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+i+m
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-168
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PERMETHRIN
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scloto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+8/13
2+8/12/13
2+8+27/12/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
3/13
1
3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-169
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PERMETHRIN
OPINION"" RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
7/13
IT/RPM
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-170
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
17
7
PESTICIDE: Phorate (granular)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J 2+8/13
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J 2+8/13
Darter, bayou J 2+8/13
Darter, boulder J 2+8/13
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J 3+16+27
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13
Darter, snail J 2+8/13
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos J 3+8/13
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-171
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PHORATE
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Mad torn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearlshell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
J
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+8/13
2+8/12/13
2+8+27/12/13
3+8/13
2+8/13
3+8/13
2+8/13
3+8/13
3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
11-172
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PHORATE
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
24
3
19
IT/RPM
0
0
0
Ic+e
0
11-173
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Phosmet
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests [pine]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston J
Toad, Puerto Rican crested J
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark J
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NJ
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J
Darter, bayou J
Darter, boulder J
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail J
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
RPA
17
22
7
7/12
2+8/13
3/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+i+m
la+d/4
2d/4
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-174
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtorn, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gila
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
PHOSMET
OPINION
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
J
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
J
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
RPA
2+8/13
2+8+27/12/13
3+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
3/13
3+8/13
1
3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
4+4sm
2d/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
11-175
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
PHOSMET
OPINION
RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel, Cumberland monkeyface NJ
Pearly mussel, Curtis' NJ
dromedary NJ
green-blossom NJ
Higgins' eye NJ
little-wing NJ
orange-footed NJ
pale liliput NJ
pink mucket NJ
tubercled-blossom NE
turgid-blossom NJ
white cat's paw NJ
white wartyback NJ
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom NJ
Pigtoe, fine-rayed NJ
Pigtoe, rough NJ
Pigtoe, shiny NJ
Pocketbook, fat NJ
Pocketbook, speckled NE
Riffle shell, tan NJ
Spinymussel, James NJ
Spinymussel, Tar River NJ
Stirrup shell NJ
Amphipod, Hay's spring NE
Crayfish, [cave] J
Crayfish, Nashville J
Crayfish, Shasta NE
Isopod, Madison Cave NJ
Isopod, Socorro NE
Shrimp, Alabama cave NJ
Shrimp, California freshwater NE
Shrimp, Kentucky cave NJ
Naucorid, Ash Meadows NE
7/13
2+8/13
IT/RPM
la+d+m+3a
la+d/3b
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
3a
la+d+m+3a
la/3b
la+d+m+3a
3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la/3b
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m+3a
3a
0
la+d+m+3a
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
2c/4
0
11-176
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Phosphamidon
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [cotton]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NO
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NO
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
la+i+m
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-177
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
PHOSPHAMIDON
OPINION -
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
11-178
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
PHOSPHAMIDON
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m+3b
0
0
la+d+m+3b
la+d+m
la+d+m
la+d+m
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-179
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE:
Picloram
Potassium picloram
Triethylene picloram
TYPE: Herbicide
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests [F], range!and [R]
OPINION RPA USE
Aster, Ruth's golden NE
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J
Broom, San Clemente Island J
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge J
Gooseberry, Miccosukee J
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Heather, mountain golden NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Mint, longspurred NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains J
Thornmint, San Mateo J
Townsendia, last chance J
Vetch, Hawaiian NE
Wallflower, Contra Costa J
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
26
20
17
20
F
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
F,R
R
R
F
R
R
R
F
R
R
R
R
F
R
F
F
R
11-180
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE-
PESTICIDE: Profenfos (Curacron)
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [cotton]
RPA
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
Gambusia, Clear Creek
Gambusia, Pecos
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
NE
NE
NE
J
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-181
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PROFENFOS
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Madtorn,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
J
NE
J
NE
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
-
-
2+8/13
-
2+8/12/13
-
3+8/13
-
-
2
-
-
-
_
_
2+8/13
3+8/13
2+8/13
-
3+8/13
-
-
_
-
-
_
_
.
1
-
1
1
-
-
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-182
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PROFENFOS
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
2+8/13
7/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-183
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Profluralin TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Madtom, Scioto NJ _- 4+4sm
11-184
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Propachlor (all formulations) TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, pasture/range!and
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
RPA
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace, desert
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
Gambusia, Clear Creek
Gambusia, Pecos
J 2+4/3+6+8/13
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
17
17
2+4/3+6+8/13
3/13
2+4/3+6+8/13
3+16+27
2+8/13
2+4/3+6+8/13
2+4/3+6+8/13
2+4/3+6+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
2c
0
2e
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
0
0
2d/4
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
11-185
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PROPACHLOR
OPINION " RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
J
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+4/3+6+8/13
-
_
.
.
2+8+27/12/13
2+4/3+8/13
-
2+4/3+6+8/13
2
-
2+4/3+6+8/13
-
.
-
_
2+4/3+8/13
-
.
2+4/3+8/13
-
.
_
_
_
-
.
.
1/4
-
1/4
-
2+4/3+6+8/13
2+4/3+6+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
-
_
_
1
3/4
3+8/13
-
-
_
-
.
-
-
-
-
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
la
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-186
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PROPACHLOR
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
J
NE
NJ
NE
6+11
6/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-187
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Propargite
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish,.Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
TYPE: Acaricide
RPA
17
7
2+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
la+i+m
0
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-188
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PROPARGITE
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtorn,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside,
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
3+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
4+4 sm
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-189
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PRQPARGITE
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Pearly mussel, Cumberland monkeyface NJ 0
Pearly mussel, Curtis' NJ 0
Pearly mussel, dromedary NJ 0
Pearly mussel, green-blossom NJ 0
Pearly mussel, Higgins' eye NJ 0
Pearly mussel, little-wing NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, orange-footed NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, pale liliput NJ 0
Pearly mussel, pink mucket NJ 0
Pearly mussel, tubercled-blossom NE - 0
Pearly mussel, turgid-blossom NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, white cat's paw NJ 0
Pearly mussel, white wartyback NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom NE - 0
Pigtoe, fine-rayed NJ - 0
Pigtoe, rough NJ - 0
Pigtoe, shiny NJ - 0
Pocketbook, fat NJ - 0
Pocketbook, speckled NE - 0
Riffle shell, tan NJ - 0
Spinymussel, James NJ - 0
Spinymussel, Tar River NJ - 0
Stirrup shell NJ - 0
Amphipod, Hay's spring NE - 0
Crayfish, [cave] NE - 0
Crayfish, Nashville J 2+8/13 0
Crayfish, Shasta NE - 0
Isopod, Madison Cave NJ - 0
Isopod, Socorro NE - 0
Shrimp, Alabama cave NE - 0
Shrimp, California freshwater NE - 0
Shrimp, Kentucky cave NJ - 2c/4
Naucorid, Ash Meadows NE 0
11-190
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Propazine TYPE:
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rlcan crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
Herbicide
RPA
17
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-191
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupflsh, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupflsh, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
PROPAZINE
OPINION
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
[As noted in the Ecological Effects science chapter for the Propazine
Standard, dated June 3, 1987, the Agency's requirement for an acute
toxicity study on aquatic invertebrates has not been accomplished. Other
data on this chemical's effect on invertebrates are not available. Based
on joint staff discussions, the Service will not provide a biological
opinion on invertebrates at this time. It is our understanding that the
Agency will reinitiate consultation when the data become available.]
11-192
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Pyrethrin (Pyrethrum I)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION:
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
Crops, forests, mosquito larvicide,
pasture
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
Dace, blackside
Dace
Dace
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
Darter, bayou
Darter, boulder
Darter, fountain
Darter, leopard
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
Gambusia, Clear Creek
RPA
, desert
, Foskett speckled
IT/RPM
J 3+5+8/10/13
NE
J 7/13
J 17
J 22
J 17
NE
J 7
NJ
NE
NE
J 3+5+8/10/13
NJ
J 2
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
J 2+8/10/13
NE
NE
J 3/13
NE
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
J 3+5+8/10/13
J 3+5+8/10/13
NJ
NJ
NJ
J 2+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
NJ
J 3+5+8/10/13
J 3+5+8/10/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+i+m
la+d/4
2b+d/4
0
0
lf+2b/4
0
0
11-193
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PYRETHRIN
OPINION " RPA
IT/RPM
Gambusia, Pecos
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
J 3+5+8/10/13
J 3+5+8/10/13
NE
J 2+8/10/13
NJ
NJ
J 2+8+27/12/13
J 3+5+8/10/13
NE
J 3+5+8/10/13
J 2
NE
J 3+5+8/10/13
J 2
NE
NE
J 2+8/10/13
J 3+5+8/10/13
J 2+8/10/13
NJ
J 3+5+8/10/13
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
J 1
J 3/13
J 1
J 1
J 1
J 1
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J 3+8/13
NJ
J 1
J 3
J 3+8/13
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
J 2+8+27
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
3a
0
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
la+d/2b/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-194
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): PYRETHRIN
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland bean
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
NO
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NE
NJ
J
J
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
-
-
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
3
7/13
2+8/10/13
-
-
6+11
7/13
-
7/13
-
IT/RPM
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-195
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Simazine TYPE:
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forests
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION
Herbicide
Aster, Ruth's golden
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge
Gooseberry, Miccosukee
Heather, mountain golden
Mint, longspurred
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains
Townsendia, last chance
Vetch, Hawaiian
NE
J
J
NE
NE
J
J
NE
RPA
-20
20
26
17
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Sodium cyanide TYPE: Rodenticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Rangeland
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Plover, piping
Tern, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
NE
NE
NE
0
0
0
11-196
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) TYPE:
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [cotton]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J 7
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside J 2+8/13
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber J 2+8/13
Darter, bayou J 2+8/13
Darter, boulder J 2+8/13
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NE
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13
Darter, snail J 2+8/13
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos J 3+5+8/13
Herbicide
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-197
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, San Marcos
Kill 1 fish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
SSS-TRIBUTYL PHOSPHOROTRITHIOATE
OPINION - RPA IT/RPM
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
2+8/13
3+5+8/13
2
2+8/13
3+5+8/13
2+8/13
3+5+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
la+d/2b/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-198
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
SSS-TRIBUTYL PHOSPHOROTHITHIOATE
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
2+8/13
7/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-199
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Strychnine TYPE: Rodenticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Rangeland, all other above ground use
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2 and 4):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Bear, grizzly NJ - 0
Wolf, gray NJ - 0
Falcon, northern aplomado J -25 0
Plover, piping NE - 0
Tern, interior least NE - 0
Vireo, least Bell's NE - 0
11-200
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Sulprofos (Bolestar)
TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [cotton, soybeans]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Mutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
la+i+m
la+d/4
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-201
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): SULPROFOS
OPINION " RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Mad torn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtorn,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupflsh
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-202
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): SULPROFOS
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel,
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-203
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: 2,4,5-T TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Range!and
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION RPA
Barberry, Truckee NE
Beauty, Harper's J 20
Broom, San Clemente Island J .20
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island J 20
Cactus, Lee pincushion NE
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes J 20
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley NE
Gooseberry, Miccosukee NJ
Grass, Eureka Valley dune NE
Grass, Solano NE
Larkspur, San Clemente Island J 20
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island NE
Manzanita, Presidio NE
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indian J 20
Pawpaw, four-petal NE
Rattleweed, hairy NE -
Rock-cress, McDonald's NE
Thornmint, San Mateo J 20
Wallflower, Contra Costa J 20
11-204
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Tebuthiuron
TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Rangeland
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 3):
OPINION
Barberry, Truckee
Beauty, Harper's
Broom, San Clemente Island
Bush-mallow, San Clemente Island
Cactus, Lee pincushion
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley
Gooseberry, Miccosukee
Grass, Eureka Valley dune
Grass, Solano
Larkspur, San Clemente Island
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island
Manzanita, Presidio
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island indi
Pawpaw, four-petal
Rattleweed, hairy
Rock-cress, McDonald's
Thornmint, San Mateo
Wallflower, Contra Costa
RPA
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
an J
NE
NE
NE
J
J
-
20
20
20
-
20
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
20
-
-
-
20
20
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Temephos TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Mosquito larvicide
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 3):
Madtom, Scioto
OPINION
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
4+4 sm
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4):
OPINION
Stork, wood
Tern, California least
Vireo, least Bell's
J
NJ
NJ
RPA
19
IT/RPM
0
0
0
11-205
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Terbufos
TYPE:Insecticide, nematicide
17
7
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [corn, sorghum]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland J 3+16+27
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos J 3+4+8/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
2d/3b
0
0
0
3b
0
0
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
11-206
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): TERBUFOS
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtorn, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
NJ
J
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
.
-
.
-
-
-
3+4+8/13
-
.
2
.
-
-
-
-
.
.
2+8/13
-
3+4+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
3/13
1
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
.
-
-
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
0
0
2d/3a
4+4 sm
0
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-207
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): TERBUFOS
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
NJ
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
NJ
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
NE
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8/13
7/13
IT/RPM
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-208
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Terbutryn TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE 0
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE - 0
Salamander, Texas blind NE - 0
Toad, Houston NE - 0
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE 0
Toad, Wyoming NE - 0
Catfish, Yaqui NE - 0
Cavefish, Alabama J 70
Cavefish, Ozark NJ - 0
Chub, bonytail NE - 0
Chub, Borax Lake NE - 0
Chub, Chihuahua NJ - la+d/2d
Chub, humpback NE 0
Chub, Hutton tui NE - 0
Chub, Mohave tui NE 0
Chub, Owens tui NE 0
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE 0
Chub, slender NE 0
Chub, Sonora NE 0
Chub, spotfin NE - 0
Chub, Yaqui NE - 0
Cui-ui NE - 0
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE 0
Dace, blackside NJ - 2d/4
Dace, desert NE 0
Dace, Foskett speckled NE - 0
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE 0
Dace, Moapa NE - 0
Darter, amber NJ - 2d/3a
Darter, bayou NJ - 2d/3a
Darter, boulder NJ - la+d/2d/3b
Darter, fountain NE - 0
Darter, leopard NE - 0
Darter, Maryland NJ - la+i+m
Darter, Niangua NJ 0
Darter, Okaloosa NE 0
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13 0
Darter, snail NJ - 2d/3a
Darter, watercress NE 0
Gambusia, Big Bend NE - 0
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE - 0
Gambusia, Pecos NJ - la+d/2d
11-209
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker,
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tail's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
TERBUTRYN
OPINION "
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-210
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
TERBUTRYN
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel.
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-211
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Thiodicarb
TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops [corn, sorghum]
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NE
Toad, Wyoming NE
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama NJ
Cavefish,-0zark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NE
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NE
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NE
Darter, Maryland NJ
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NE
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek . NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
RPA
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
0
11-212
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1): THIODICARB
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Gambusia, San Marcos NE 0
Killifish, Pahrump NE - 0
Logperch, Conasauga NJ - 2d/3a
Madtorn, Scioto NJ 0
Madtorn, smoky NE - 0
Madtom, yellowfin NJ - 2d/3a
Minnow, loach NJ 0
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa NE 0
Pupfish, Comanche Springs NJ - 0
Pupfish, desert J 20
Pupfish, Devils Hole NE - 0
Pupfish, Leon Springs NJ - 0
Pupfish, Owens NE - 0
Pupfish, Warm Springs NE 0
Shiner, beautiful NE - 0
Shiner, Cape Fear NJ - 2d/3a
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose NJ - 0
Silverside, Waccamaw NJ - 2d/4
Squawfish, Colorado NJ - la
Spikedace NJ 0
Spinedace, Big Spring NE - 0
Spinedace, Little Colorado NE - 0
Spinedace, White River NE 0
Springfish, Hiko White River NE - 0
Springfish, Railroad Valley NE - 0
Springfish, White River NE - 0
Stickleback, unarmored threespine NE - 0
Sucker, June NJ - la
Sucker, Lost River NJ - 3a
Sucker, Modoc NJ 0
Sucker, shortnose NJ - 3a
Sucker, Warner NJ 0
Topminnow, Gil a NE 0
Topminnow, Yaqui NE 0
Trout, Apache NE 0
Trout, Gil a NE - 0
Trout, greenback cutthroat NE 0
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat NE 0
Trout, Little Kern golden NE - 0
Trout, Paiute cutthroat NE 0
Woundfin NJ - la
Mussel, Curtus' NJ - 0
Mussel, Judge Tail's NJ - 0
Mussel, Marshall's NJ - 0
Mussel, penitent NJ 0
Pearl shell, Louisiana NJ - 0
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp NJ -0
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface NJ 0
Pearly mussel, birdwing NJ 0
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean NJ 0
11-213
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Part 1):
THIODICARB
OPINION
RPA
IT/RPM
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-214
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Thiophanate-methyl TYPE: Fungicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Salamander, San Marcos NE 0
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE 0
Salamander, Texas blind NE - 0
Toad, Houston J 17 0
Toad, Puerto Rican crested J 22 0
Toad, Wyoming J 17 0
Catfish, Yaqui NE - 0
Cavefish, Alabama J 70
Cavefish, Ozark NJ - 2c/4
Chub, bonytail NE - 0
Chub, Borax Lake NE 0
Chub, Chihuahua NJ - la+d/2d
Chub, humpback NJ - 0
Chub, Hutton tui NE - 0
Chub, Mohave tui NE - 0
Chub, Owens tui NE 0
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE - 0
Chub, slender NJ - la+d/2d/3b
Chub, Sonora NE 0
Chub, spotfin NJ - la+d/2d/3b
Chub, Yaqui NE - 0
Cui-ui NE - 0
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE 0
Dace, blackside NJ - 2d/4
Dace, desert NE 0
Dace, Foskett speckled NE 0
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs J 3/13 0
Dace, Moapa NE - 0
Darter, amber NJ - 2d/3a
Darter, bayou NJ - 2d/3a
Darter, boulder NJ - la+d/2d/3b
Darter, fountain NE - 0
Darter, leopard NJ - la+d/2d
Darter, Maryland NJ - la+i+m
Darter, Niangua NJ - 0
Darter, Okaloosa NJ - 2d/4
Darter, slackwater J 2+8/13 0
Darter, snail NJ - 2d/3a
Darter, watercress NE - 0
Gambusia, Big Bend NE 0
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE 0
Gambusia, Pecos NJ - la+d/2d
11-215
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): THIOPHANATE-METHYL
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Gambusia, San Marcos
Ki Hi fish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
Madtom,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Ca.pe Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Colorado
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
2+8+27/12/13
0
0
2d/3a
0
2d/4
0
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
2d/4
la
la+d/2d
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
la+d/2d
la
3a
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-216
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): THIOPHANATE-METHYL
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
7/13
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
0
11-217
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Trichlorfon
TYPE: Insecticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests, pasture/rangeland
RPA IT/RPM
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION
Salamander, San Marcos
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed
Salamander, Texas blind
Toad, Houston
Toad, Puerto Rican crested
Toad, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish, Alabama
Cavefish, Ozark
Chub, bonytail
Chub, Borax Lake
Chub, Chihuahua
Chub, humpback
Chub, Hutton tui
Chub, Mohave tui
Chub, Owens tui
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail
Chub, slender
Chub, Sonora
Chub, spotfin
Chub, Yaqui
Cui-ui
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled
blackside
desert
Foskett speckled
Kendall Warm Springs
Dace
Dace
Dace
Dace
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
bayou
boulder
fountain
leopard
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter, Maryland
Darter, Niangua
Darter, Okaloosa
Darter, slackwater
Darter, snail
Darter, watercress
Gambusia, Big Bend
Gambusia, Clear Creek
Gambusia, Pecos
J
J
J
J
J
J
NE
J
NJ
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NE
J
NE
NE
J
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
J
J
NE
J
J
J
2+4/3+8/13
1
7/13
17
22
17
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
-
-
2+8/13
-
_
3/13
-
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
3+16+27
-
2+5+8/13
2+8/13
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
0
3a/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/3b
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2d
la+d/2d/3b
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la/3b
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-218
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): TRICHLORFON
OPINION RPA
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtorn, Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
, Ash Meadows Amargosa
, Comanche Springs
, desert
, Devils Hole
, Leon Springs
, Owens
, Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
, Waccamaw
Colorado
Madtorn,
Madtorn,
Minnow,
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Pupfish
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Squawfish,
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Springfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
J
NE
J
NJ
J
J
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NE
J
J
J
NJ
J
NE
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
2+4/3+8/13
-
2+8/13
_
2+8/12/13
2+8+27/12/13
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
2
-
-
2
-
-
2+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
>
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
-
-
1
3/13
1
1
1
1
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
2+4/3+8/13
-
3+8/13
-
1
3
3+8/13
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
IT/RPM
0
0
0
4+4sm
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-219
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): TRICHLORFON
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
J
J
J
J
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
J
J
NJ
NE
J
J
J
J
NE
J
J
NE
J
J
J
NE
J
NE
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
1+8/12
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
2+8+27
7/13
2+8/13
11
11
7/13
7/13
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
3a
0
la/3b
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Parts 2, 3 and 4)
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Forest [F], rangeland [R]
OPINION RPA IT/RPM USE
Plover, piping NJ
Tern, interior least NJ
Vireo, least Bell's NJ
Woodpecker, red-cockaded J
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed NJ
Snake, eastern indigo NJ
21
Ic
Ic+e
0
0
R
R
R
F
R
R
11-220
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Trifluralin (all formulations)
TYPE: Herbicide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Crops, forests [hardwoods]
17
6
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3):
OPINION RPA
Salamander, San Marcos NE
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed NE
Salamander, Texas blind NE
Toad, Houston NE
Toad, Puerto Rican crested NO
Toad, Wyoming J
Catfish, Yaqui NE
Cavefish, Alabama J
Cavefish, Ozark NJ
Chub, bonytail NE
Chub, Borax Lake NE
Chub, Chihuahua NJ
Chub, humpback NE
Chub, Hutton tui NE
Chub, Mohave tui NE
Chub, Owens tui NE
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail NE
Chub, slender NJ
Chub, Sonora NE
Chub, spotfin NJ
Chub, Yaqui NE
Cui-ui NE
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled NE
Dace, blackside NJ
Dace, desert NE
Dace, Foskett speckled NE
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs NE
Dace, Moapa NE
Darter, amber NJ
Darter, bayou NJ
Darter, boulder NJ
Darter, fountain NE
Darter, leopard NJ
Darter, Maryland J 3+6+27
Darter, Niangua NJ
Darter, Okaloosa NJ
Darter, slackwater NJ
Darter, snail NJ
Darter, watercress NE
Gambusia, Big Bend NE
Gambusia, Clear Creek NE
Gambusia, Pecos NJ
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
2e
0
0
0
2c/3b
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
0
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d/3b
0
0
0
2d/4
0
0
0
0
2d/3a
2d/3a
la+d/2d/3b
0
la+d/2d
0
la/3b
2b+d/4
2d/3a
2d/3a
0
0
0
la+d/2d
11-221
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): TRIFLURALIN
OPINION " RPA
IT/RPM
Gambusia, San Marcos
Killifish, Pahrump
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom, Scioto
Madtom, smoky
Madtom, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish, Ash Meadows Amargosa
Pupfish, Comanche Springs
Pupfish, desert
Pupfish, Devils Hole
Pupfish, Leon Springs
Pupfish, Owens
Pupfish, Warm Springs
Shiner, beautiful
Shiner, Cape Fear
Shiner, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Squawfish, Colorado
Spikedace
Spinedace, Big Spring
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Spinedace, White River
Springfish, Hiko White River
Springfish, Railroad Valley
Springfish, White River
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker, June
Sucker, Lost River
Sucker, Modoc
Sucker, shortnose
Sucker, Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
Topminnow, Yaqui
Trout, Apache
Trout, Gil a
Trout, greenback cutthroat
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat
Trout, Little Kern golden
Trout, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfin
Mussel, Curtus'
Mussel, Judge Tait's
Mussel, Marshall's
Mussel, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface
Pearly mussel, birdwing
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NE
NJ
J
NE
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
J
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NJ
J
NJ
J
NJ
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
NE
J
NE
J
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
_
_
.
_
_
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
2
-
-
.
-
-
-
-
2+8/13
-
2+4/3+8/13
-
-
.
-
.
-
.
-
1/4
-
1/4
-
-
-
.
.
-
-
1
.
3+8/13
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
2d/3a
4+4sm
2d/4
2d/3a
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
la+d/2d
0
0
0
2d/3a
la+d/2d
0
la
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
la
3a
0
3a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11-222
-------
AQUATIC SPECIES (Request Parts 1 and 3): TRFFLURALIN
OPINION RPA
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Pearly mussel
Cumberland monkeyface
Curtis'
dromedary
green-blossom
Higgins' eye
little-wing
orange-footed
pale liliput
pink mucket
tubercled-blossom
turgid-blossom
white cat's paw
white wartyback
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom
Pigtoe, fine-rayed
Pigtoe, rough
Pigtoe, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Pocketbook, speckled
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel, James
Spinymussel, Tar River
Stirrup shell
Amphipod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave]
Crayfish, Nashville
Crayfish, Shasta
Isopod, Madison Cave
Isopod, Socorro
Shrimp, Alabama cave
Shrimp, California freshwater
Shrimp, Kentucky cave
Naucorid, Ash Meadows
NO
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
NE
NJ
NJ
NJ
NJ
J
NJ
NJ
NE
J
NE
NJ
NE
NJ
NE
11
IT/RPM
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2c/4
la+d/3b
0
0
0
2c/4
0
2c/4
0
11-223
-------
PESTICIDE PROFILE
PESTICIDE: Zinc phosphide TYPE: Rodenticide
USES CONSIDERED IN CURRENT OPINION: Range!and
TERRESTRIAL SPECIES (Request Part 2):
OPINION RPA IT/RPM
Plover, piping NE - 0
Tern, interior least NE - 0
Vireo, least Bell's NJ -- 0
11-224
-------
-------
-------
SECTION III - SPECIES PROFILE
The following section presents profiles of the listed species considered
in this biological opinion, including their potential for exposure to
pesticides, determinations of jeopardy/no jeopardy and incidental take
statements with their accompanying reasonable and prudent measures. Actions
required to preclude jeopardy (reasonable and prudent alternatives) and to
reduce the likelihood of incidental take (terms and conditions of reasonable
and prudent measures) are recorded under each pesticide profile in Section
II of this opinion.
Note: Citations in the text of species accounts are maintained in the
administrative history of this consultation.
SPECIES . PAGE
Bear, grizzly III-5
Wolf, gray III-5
Falcon, northern aplomado II1-6
Plover, piping 111-10
Stork, wood 111-13
Tern, California least 111-15
Tern, interior least 111-17
Vireo, least Bell's 111-20
Woodpecker, red-cockaded 111-25
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed 111-27
Snake, eastern indigo 111-30
Salamander, San Marcos 111-32
Salamander, Santa Cruz long-toed II1-34
Salamander, Texas blind 111-37
Toad, Houston II1-39
Toad, Puerto Rican crested 111-42
Toad, Wyoming II1-44
Catfish, Yaqui III-5
Cavefish, Alabama II1-46
Cavefish, Ozark 111-49
Chub, bonytail III-5
Chub, Borax Lake III-5
Chub, Chihuahua 111-51
Chub, humpback 111-54
Chub, Hutton tui 111-56
Chub, Mohave tui III-5
Chub, Owens tui III-5
Chub, Pahranagat roundtail III-5
Chub, slender 111-59
Chub, Sonora 111-61
Chub, spotfin HI-64
Chub, Yaqui 111-66
Cui-ui III-5
Dace, Ash Meadows speckled II1-5
Dace, blackside 111-69
III-l
-------
Dace, desert
SPECIES
III-5
PAGE
Dace, Foskett speckled
Dace, Kendall Warm Springs
Dace, Moapa
Darter, amber
bayou
boulder
fountain
leopard
Maryland
Nlangua
Okaloosa
slackwater
snail
watercress
Big Bend
Clear Creek
Pecos
San Marcos
Pahrump
Conasauga
Scioto
smoky
yellowfin
loach
Ash Meadows Amargosa
Comanche Springs
desert
Devils Hole
Leon Springs
Owens
Warm Springs
beautiful
Cape Fear
Pecos bluntnose
Waccamaw
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Darter,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Gambusia,
Killlfish
Logperch,
Madtorn,
Madtorn,
Madtom,
Minnow,
Pupflsh
Pupflsh
Pupflsh
Pupflsh
Pupflsh
Pupfish
Pupflsh
Shiner,
Shiner,
Shiner,
Silverside
Spikedace
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Spinedace,
Springfish
Springfish
Springfish
Squawfish,
Stickleback,
Sucker, June
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker
Sucker,
Big Spring
Little Colorado
White River
Hiko White River
Railroad Valley
White River
Colorado
unarmored threespine
Lost River
Modoc
shortnose
Warner
Topminnow, Gil a
III-5
111-72
III-5
111-74
111-77
111-79
111-81
111-84
111-87
111-90
111-92
111-94
111-96
111-98
III-100
III-102
III-105
III-108
III-5
III-lll
III-114
III-116
III-118
III-121
III-5
III-124
III-127
III-5
III-130
III-133
III-5
III-5
III-135
III-137
III-140
III-142
III-5
III-145
III-5
III-5
III-5
III-5
III-147
III-150
III-154
III-157
III-160
III-163
III-166
III-170
III-2
-------
Topminnow, Yaqui III-172
SPECIES PAGE
Trout, Apache II1-174
Trout, Gila III-177
Trout, greenback cutthroat II1-180
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat II1-183
Trout, Little Kern golden II1-186
Trout, Paiute cutthroat III-189
Woundfin II1-192
Snail, flat-spired three-toothed III-195
Snail, painted snake coiled forest III-196
Snail, Virginia fringed mountain - III-197
Mussel, Curtus' III-198
Mussel, Judge Tait's III-201
Mussel, Marshall's III-204
Mussel, penitent III-207
Pearlshell, Louisiana III-210
Pearly mussel, Alabama lamp II1-213
Pearly mussel, Applachian monkeyface III-216
Pearly mussel, birdwing III-219
Pearly mussel, Cumberland bean II1-222
Pearly mussel, Cumberland monkeyface II1-226
Pearly mussel, Curtis' III-229
Pearly mussel, dromedary III-231
Pearly mussel, green-blossom III-234
Pearly mussel, Higgin's eye III-237
Pearly mussel, little-wing III-239
Pearly mussel, orange-footed III-242
Pearly mussel, pale liliput III-244
Pearly mussel, pink mucket III-247
Pearly mussel, tubercled-blossom III-249
Pearly mussel, turgid-blossom III-252
Pearly mussel, white cat's paw III-255
Pearly mussel, white wartyback III-257
Pearly mussel, yellow-blossom III-260
Pigtoe, fine-rayed III-263
Pigtoe, rough III-266
Pigtoe, shiny III-269
Pocketbook, fat I11-273
Pocketbook, speckled III-5
Riffle shell, tan III-274
Spinymussel, James III-277
Spinymussel, Tar River III-280
Stirrup shell III-283
Amphipod, Hay's spring I11-286
Crayfish, cave II1-288
Crayfish, Nashville III-291
Crayfish, Shasta III-5
Isopod, Madison Cave III-293
Isopod, Socorro II1-296
Shrimp, Alabama cave III-298
Shrimp, California freshwater III-5
III-3
-------
Shrimp, Kentucky cave - III-300
SPECIES PAGE
Naucorid, Ash Meadows II1-5
Aster, Ruth's golden II1-303
Barberry, Truckee I11-303
Beauty, Harper's III-304
Broom, San C1 entente Island III-305
Bushmallow, San Cl entente Island 111-305
Cactus, Lee pincushion II1-306
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes III-307
Evening-primrose, Eureka Valley III-308
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge II1-308
Gooseberry, Miccosukee II1-309
Grass, Eureka Valley dune III-308
Grass, Solano III-310
Heather, mountain golden III-310
Larkspur, San Clemente Island III-305
Liveforever, Santa Barbara Island III-311
Manzanita, Presidio III-311
Mint, longspurred III-312
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian III-305
Pawpaw, four-petal II1-312
Rattleweed, hairy II1-313
Rock-cress, McDonald's III-313
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains III-314
Thornmint, San Mateo III-316
Townsendia, last chance II1-317
Vetch, Hawaiian III-318
Wallflower, Contra Costa III-307
III-4
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
The following species do not have separate species accounts, as It has been
determined that they are not likely to be affected by any of the pesticides
in request parts 1, 3, or 5 for the chemical uses considered in this
opinion. No incidental take is anticipated or authorized.
Yaqui catfish*
Bonytail chub
Borax Lake chub
Mohavi tui chub
Owens tui chub
Pahranagat roundtail chub
Cui-ui
Ash Meadows speckled dace
Desert dace
Foskett speckled dace
Moapa dace
Pahrump killifish
Ash Meadows Amargosa pupfish
Devils Hole pupfish
Warm Springs pupfish
Beautiful shiner*
Big Spring spinedace
White River spinedace
Hiko White River springfish
Railroad Valley springfish
White River springfish
Speckled pocketbook
Shasta crayfish
California freshwater shrimp
Ash Meadows naucorid
* These fish are currently extirpated from the United States, however
reintroductions are planned. The Agency will be provided advance notice of
proposed reintroduction so that consultation on may affect pesticides can
be addressed.
The grizzly bear and gray wolf (request part 3) are covered in the
discussion on cancelled and suspended chemicals in the introduction to
this opinion.
III-5
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Northern aplomado falcon (Falco femoral 1s septentrional is)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 2
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The northern aplomado falcon presently is known to occur as a breeding
bird only in southeastern Mexico. It formerly occurred in suitable habitat
throughout eastern Mexico, southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and
western and southwestern Texas. The aplomado falcon is generally considered
to be nonmigratory.
Typical habitat for the northern aplomado falcon is open woodland, savanna
or open grassland. In the Chihuahuan desert, falcons lived in grasslands
containing scattered mesquite and yucca (Yucca elata). On the gulf coastal
plain of Texas and northeastern Mexico, aplomados nested in yucca and
mesquite savannas. Its last known nesting in the United States occurred
in Luna County, New Mexico in 1952. It has been sporadically sighted in
southern Texas, New Mexico and Arizona since then, but there has been no
further evidence of nesting in this country.
Food for the aplomado falcon consists of birds, insects, reptiles and small
mammals. Observation of falcons and identification of prey remains indicate
that birds comprise the bulk of dietary biomass (97 percent), while insects
are consumed with greatest frequency (65 percent). White-winged doves,
mourning doves, female great-tailed grackles, groove-billed anis and yellow-
billed cuckoos are frequently taken in eastern Mexico.
The biggest threat to the survival of the northern aplomado falcon is the
continued use of pesticides in Latin America. Habitats otherwise suitable
for falcons are subject to the adverse impacts of organochlorine pesticides
widely applied on agricultural lands where the falcons' avian prey reside
or feed. Aplomados will continue to suffer pesticide-induced reproductive
failure wherever they nest near areas of DDT application.
A secondary threat to the aplomado falcon is brush encroachment. Woody
vegetation, such as mesquite and creosote, invade open grassland or savanna
due to overgrazing, fire suppression or other disturbances. Such a decline
of suitable habitat has been documented in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.
Recovery measures include protection and improvement of habitat, captive
breeding and releasing hacked birds into the wild, and monitoring population
numbers and habitat conditions. Four young falcons have been hacked in
south Texas each year since 1985. A total of eight birds were fledged
successfully in 1986 and 1987 at Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge
and have dispersed from the area. The refuge is the focal point of recovery
efforts in the United States. Land types which adjoin the refuge include
agricultural cropland and rangelands.
III-6
-------
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
As noted above, one of the principal reasons for the decline of aplomado'.
falcons Is the continued use of chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides in Mexico
and elsewhere in Latin America. Because of its persistence, bioaccumulation
potential and subacute toxicity to birds through eggshell thinning and •
consequent reproductive failure, use of DDT and Its derivatives has been
banned for use in the United States. However, migratory birds do not
observe International boundaries, and residues of DDT and DDE persist in
wildlife on both sides of the border.
The use of pesticides in the United States also poses a risk to the aplomado
falcon from mortality due to direct contact with pesticides and consumption
of contaminated prey. Reproductive impacts may also occur due to the use
of certain chemicals, such as dicofol, which contains residues of DDT, and
has recently been shown to cause eggshell thinning in bird eggs.
Granular formulations of toxic chemicals are particularly hazardous to
wildlife since granules can be taken as grit by nontarget birds. Wildlife
die-offs have been confirmed from the use of granular formulations of
pesticides, such as carbofuran and diazinon, and presumably could occur
from use of other granular pesticides toxic to wildlife. Aplomado falcons
could receive a disproportionately large dose of granular pesticides if
prey which consume granules are made more susceptible to predation.
The aplomado falcon is associated with agricultural and rangeland cover
types near its hacking site at Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge.
Birds hacked on the Refuge may disperse and nest in the vicinity. Nest
sites are usually found in yucca, mesquite and other low-growing shrubs.
Falcons are likely to be exposed to chemicals registered for use on crop-
lands and rangelands. Primary routes of exposure are by consumption of
contaminated insects and birds and by direct exposure of adults, eggs and
juveniles from direct application to nest sites on rangelands or drift
from adjacent croplands.
Although the aplomado falcon's foraging range is reduced during the nesting
period, its prey may range widely. For this reason, the Service recommends
a prohibited use zone of 20 miles, extending outward from the boundary of
Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, for jeopardy Insecticides and a
10-mile buffer for jeopardy vertebrate pesticides targeted at mammals and
non-jeopardy pesticides.
The Service is unclear why the Agency requested consultation on certain
chemicals or chemical clusters but not others. For example, the aplomado
falcon inhabits cropland and rangeland cover types, but the Agency requested
consultation only on chemicals registered for use on croplands, with the
exception of strychnine, which the Agency specifically cited as potentially
jeopardizing this species. The Service has confined its review to those
chemicals for which the Agency requested consultation. It should be noted,
however, that the aplomado falcon is susceptible to impacts from all
pesticides registered for use on rangelands and croplands, and the Agency
should initiate formal consultation with the Service on these chemicals.
III-7
-------
It should be noted also that the Agency's exposure analysis model, which
Is based on the consumption of contaminated Insects, may be Inappropriate
for the aplomado falcon, since the bulk of Its dietary blomass consists of
birds rather than Insects. It 1s more likely that secondary poisoning
would occur from avlan prey which consumes contaminated insects, treated
seed, leafy vegetation or pesticide granules. Nevertheless, the Agency
model was used as an index of relative pesticide toxicity.
Toxidty data were provided for only 10 of the 25 chemicals for which
consultation was requested. Our determination of jeopardy/no jeopardy for
the 15 remaining chemicals was based on acute toxicity to comparable taxa,
known application rates and formulations, predicted bioconcentration
factors, and documented incidents of wildlife kills.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the coninued existance of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, camphechlor, carbofuran,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicrotophos, endrin, EPN, ethoprop, ethyl parathion,
fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, methyl parathion, mevinphos, oxamyl,
phorate, strychnine.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existance of the species are: acephate, aminopyridine, cloethocarb,
endosulfan, isofenphos, oxyflourfen, paraquat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, camphechlor, carbofuran,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicrotophos, endrin, EPN, ethoprop, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, oxamyl, phorate, strychnine), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any Incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service expects an unquantified level of Incidental take to occur:
cloethocarb, endosulfan, isofenphos, oxyflourfen.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
The chemicals listed above have low to moderate avian toxicity and
bioaccumulation potential. The migratory prey species of this falcon
could be contaminated and migrate from the source of comtamination
III-8
-------
into the occupied range of the falcon. These effects are likely to be
sublethal, since neither the toxicity or bioaccumulation of the
chemicals is likely to cause death.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the •
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-9
-------
SPECIES PROF RE
SPECIES: Piping Plover (Charadrius melodusl
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 2
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Piping plovers breed in three regions in North America; the Atlantic coast
from Newfoundland to South Carolina, the beaches throughout the Great Lakes,
and river systems'and lakes of the Northern Great Plains from eastern
Montana through southern Nebraska. This species winters along the coastal
areas of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida.
Breeding pair estimates for 1986-87 reveal 17 pairs in the Great Lakes
(all in Michigan), 1258 to 1326 pairs in the Northern Great Plains of the
United States and Canada, and 745 pairs on the Atlantic coast of the United
States and Canada.
As stated in request part 2, plovers have been observed eating marine worms,
fly larvae, beetles, crustaceans, molluscs, and other invertebrates. Piping
plovers also have been observed eating grasshoppers and spiders in the grass
near nest sites in Manitoba, Canada and Nebraska. As stated by the Agency,
piping plovers feed primarily on exposed beach substrates. Adults have been
noted foraging within 5 meters of the water's edge. It also has been
reported that chicks tended to feed on firmer sand at greater distances
from the shorelines than the adults.
Piping plovers breed in open, sparsely vegetated habitats. In north central
North America, piping plovers nest on barren sand and gravel shorelines of
the Great Lakes and along sand and gravel shores of rivers and lakes in the
Great Plains.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
By letter of May 17, 1989, the Agency stated (page 55) that the crop
pesticides listed on pages 48-49 of the request were intended for evaluation
for the piping plover. Page 56 of that same letter states that the
pesticides listed on Table 22 of the request were also intended for
evaluation. The Agency further states that carbaryl and malathion were
screened out because of the body weight determination. It appears that
carbaryl and malathion were ruled out without taking other factors into
consideration such as loss of food source, dermal toxicity and their actions
as chloresterase inhibitors.
The Agency stated that both adult and young plovers may ingest insects
contaminated with pesticides and pesticide runoff and direct application
through spray drift or by accident would be expected to reduce the aquatic
invertebrate population. If this occurs during nesting and raising of
young, food could become scarce providing additional stress to the plovers.
111-10
-------
Plovers could be expected to forage in nearby fields thus increasing their
risk of exposure. Drinking water sources also can be expected to be
contaminated either through direct application or runoff.
A single dose exposure scenario was applied, comparing the single lethal
dose of a pesticide that will kill 50 percent of a test population of birds
with the amount of pesticide potentially carried by an insect and
subsequently eaten by an insectivorous bird such as a piping plover. The
initial formula was used to determine the number of 100 mg insects (weight
of a "typical" bee) it would take to reach 1/10 of the LD50. This assumes
that the insect was sprayed directly and carries a maximum concentration
of 58 ppm for each pound of pesticide active ingredient applied per acre.
This weight of insects was then compared to 13 percent of the plover body
weight to determine whether plover would be likely to consume that many
insects per day. In other words, it is believed that adult piping plovers
are likely to consume 13 percent of their body weight per day.
Additional impacts could include plovers receiving pesticides dermally if
they are young and feathers have not developed. Plovers also could be
expected to preen themselves and receive an oral dose of a pesticide.
Until further information is provided by the Agency, an insecticide is
assumed to kill the terrestrial and/or aquatic food organisms of the piping
plover. Little or no data were provided on chloresterase, dermal toxicity,
or inhalation toxicty. Where insufficient data were provided, the Service
has assumed worst case.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
[Note: The Atlantic Coast population of piping plovers is not addressed in
this analysis as rangeland and crop uses are not anticipated in or adjacent
to this population's habitat.]
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): acephate, aldicarb, azinphos-methyl, camphechlor,
carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpryifos, cloethocarb, diazinon, dicrotophos,
disulfothion, endosulfan, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulthion, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion, methyl parathion, mevinphos,
oxamyl, phorate.
Pesticides that may affect, but are unlikely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: aminopyridine, oxyfuorfen, paraquat,
trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered (sodium cyanide, strychnine,
and zinc phosphate) are not likely to affect the piping plover because
their use is not anticipated to occur in or adjacent to the species' habitat
in such a way to impact the species.
III-ll
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no Incidental take Is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (acephate, aldicarb, azinphos-methyl, camphechlor,
carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorpryifos, cloethocarb, diazinon, dicrotophos,
disulfothion, endosulfan, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulthion, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, oxamyl, phorate), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives
listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate
that the proposed action will result in any incidental take of the
species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service expects an unquantified level of incidental take to occur;
aminopyridine, oxyfuorfen, paraquat, trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable because of the difficulty of
anticipating take of this species which occurs in numerous States and
the lack of information on how much chemical use may be expected of
these two chemicals on rangeland.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals (sodium cyanide, strychnine, and zinc phosphate), and no
incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-12
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Wood Stork (Mvcteria americana)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 4 - .
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The wood stork occurs in the southeastern United States, breeding only in
Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. It is a large, long-legged wading
bird with a characteristically dark, unfeathered head and neck. Wood
storks are birds of freshwater and brackish wetlands, primarily nesting in
cypress or mangrove swamps and feeding in freshwater marshes, flooded
pastures and flooded ditches. Particularly attractive feeding sites are
depressions in marshes or swamps where fish become concentrated during
periods of falling water levels. Their primary food is small fish 1-6
inches long which they capture by a specialized technique called grope-
feeding. Wood storks can travel up to 50 miles from nesting to feeding
sites and are dependant upon fluctuating water levels for both feeding and
nesting. The major cause of decline of this species is loss of feeding
areas and nesting failures due to human alteration of wetlands.
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE
This species is addressed in part 4 of the request not to evaluate
toxicities to certain chemicals, but to provide an additional reasonable and
prudent alternative to preclude jeopardy to listed chemicals. The
reasonable and prudent alternative provided by the Agency is to apply
pesticide use limitations to identified wood stork rookeries but not to
the foraging areas. This alternative is based on the fact that wood storks
forage great distances from their rookeries and in a wide variety of
habitats. While this is a true assumption, the Fish and Wildlife Service
does not believe that just because a species is wide ranging and difficult
to map, essential areas of its habitat should be eliminated from protection
from pesticides. However, the Service also realizes that if all nesting
and foraging areas were subject to pesticide use restrictions, the entire
state of Florida and a large portion of Georgia would be restricted.
Therefore, the Service is recommending another reasonable and prudent
alternative to preclude jeopardy that is equitable and protects sufficient
areas of wood stork habitat. This restriction is adopted by the Florida
Task Force on Endangered Species and Pesticides and encompasses not only
wood stork rookeries but also a portion of the feeding areas around the
rookeries. These distributions usually extend outward 8 to 12 miles from
the rookery. The Florida Task Force maps have been sent under separate
cover, as have similar maps for Georgia and South Carolina.
111-13
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
While the Service is not adopting the proposed alternative provided by
the Agency, it is providing a new reasonable and prudent alternative to
preclude jeopardy (listed in Section II). Therefore, the pesticides listed
as jeopardy for the wood stork in request part 4 remain as pesticides
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the species: acephate,
aldicarb, avitrol, azinphos-methyl, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, cloethocarb,
diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dinoseb, endosulfan, endrin, EPN,
ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenanriphos, fenthion, fonofos, isophenphos,
methyl parathion, mevinphos, oxamyl, oxyflurofen, paraquat, phorate,
temephos, toxaphene.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (acephate, aldicarb, avitrol, azinphos-methyl,
camphechlor, carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, cloethocarb, diazinon,
dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dinoseb, endosulfan, endrin, EPN, ethoprop,
ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fenthion, fonofos, isophenphos, methyl
parathion, mevinphos, oxamyl, oxyflurofen, paraquat, phorate, temephos),
if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-14
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: California least tern (Sterna ant ill arum brownil
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The least tern is a small marine bird that winters in Mexico and breeds
along the ocean shore in southern California. The first birds appear in
California in early to mid-April. Fall migration usually begins by August.
Beaches, dunes, sandbars and spits on the ocean shore are the typical and
preferred nesting habitat for the tern. Colonies are often located close
to salt flats, saltmarshes and estuaries.
Foraging habitat encompasses any waters within two or three miles of a
nesting site where small fish may be caught. The ocean (particularly near-
shore waters), river mouths, saltmarshes, marinas, river channels, lakes
and ponds are all used for foraging. The staple diet of least terns is
small fish; they have not been observed eating any other food. Species
favored seem to be topsmelt, northern anchovy, shiner perch, and jacksmelt.
During nesting, adults forage nearby and return to feed the chicks smaller
specimens but not different species of fish.
Current limiting factors include lack of suitable nesting areas, and human
disturbances at remaining nest sites, severe predation at certain nesting
locations, and periodic food shortages.
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
Near-shore foraging for fish indirectly exposes terns to pesticides that may
runoff from agricultural areas. You have specifically requested review of
six pesticides used for mosquito larvicide control (fenthion, ethyl
parathion, methyl parathion, temephos, chlorpyrifos, and dichlorvos).
Dichlorvos was not included in the cluster biological opinion dated October
25, 1983, that evaluated mosquito larvicides. Because pesticides are
likely to enter the water first, the Agency predicted aquatic concentrations
up to 147 parts per billion (ppb) versus a minimum avain LC-50 of SOOppb
(3ppm). Table 20 from part 2 provides this data. The Agency also cites
the probable lack of bioaccumulation for all chemicals except chlorpyrifos
as a basis for the conclusion that, presumably, five of the six chemicals
will not cause toxicity to least terns.
The Service is unable to concur totally with this interpretation of data
or the Agency's conclusions regarding these chemicals. Chemical fact sheets
(Section V) highlight other relevant factors. Chlorpyrifos, fenthion and
ethyl parathion are extremely toxic to fish, the food supply for terns
(LC-50 as low as 2.4ppb for chlorpyrifos). Fenthion and chlorpyrifos have
caused bird kills when used at label rates (Section V). Ethyl parathion
has caused unintended wildlife die-offs also (4). The Service believes
111-15
-------
that considerable weight must be given to this historic record as compared
to the Agency's theoretical calculations. There is agreement, however,
that temephos, dichlorvos and methyl parathion are not of concern given
their toxidty to birds and fish, environmental persistence and
bioaccumulation potential.
While empirical evidence of chronic and widespread pesticide poisoning in
least terns is not available, one deformed chick has been recovered from a
nesting colony in southern California (Copper, pers. comm.) The tern
population is so low that we do not know if one such recovery is
significant or if this one Instance is pesticide related. However, the
Service is not prepared to conclude that pesticides will not affect terns
based on a lack of data. Terns are known to forage in areas and at times
when mosquito larvicides are being applied to saltmarsh environs. It is
not inconceivable that terns would directly ingest pesticides, via drinking
water, immediately after application and thus acquire concentrations
considerably greater than estimated (diluted) concentrations. In addition,
contaminated forage fish may be fed to tern chicks resulting in toxicities
and impacts greater than expected for adult birds alone.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Existing jeopardy calls will stand for chlorpyrifos, ethyl parathion, and
fenthion. Previous biological opinions for all other chemicals not
addressed in this opinion, that may affect the California least tern, remain
unchanged.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (chlorpyrifos, ethyl parathion, fenthion) if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take
is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-16
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Interior least tern (Sterna antillaruml
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 2
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The interior population of the least tern nests on gravel and sand shores
of lakes and on riverine systems through the central United States from
central North Dakota along the Missouri River and south into Texas. A few
birds also have been found in northeast Montana in Valley County.
The current breeding distribution of this subspecies extends along the
Yellowstone River in western North Dakota, the Missouri River in northeast
Montana (Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge), North Dakota, South
Dakota, western Iowa, and northeastern Nebraska; the Cheyenne River in
western South Dakota; the Niobara River in north-central Nebraska; the
Platte and Loup Rivers in central Nebraska; Cheyenne Bottoms Wildlife
Management Area and Quivera National Wildlife Refuge in central Kansas;
the Cimarron River in southern Kansas and northern Oklahoma; Optima National
Wildlife Refuge in northeast Oklahoma; Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge
in north central Oklahoma; Canadian and Red Rivers in northern Texas;
Bitter Lake National Wildlife Refuge in eastern New Mexico; and the Rio
Grande and Pecos Rivers (including Falcon and Amistad Rivers) in south
central Texas.
Additional breeding distribution includes the Arkansas River in central
Arkansas and the Mississippi River in eastern Arkansas, northwest
Mississippi, southeast Missouri, western Tennessee, western Kentucky, and
southern Illinois. In 1985, 322 interior least tern pairs were known to
nest in the Great Plains riverine system and 742 pairs nested elsewhere in
the central United States. In 1987, the total number of interior least
terns reached 4,500. Increased censusing efforts during the past four
years probably account for the difference between the 1987 census and
earlier surveys.
Interior least tern populations have declined as a result of alterations of
habitat. Shoreline, bank, and channel alterations from the construction of
locks, dams, dikes, levees, and reservoirs have resulted in the loss of tern
habitat. Habitat also is being lost to increasing development (both rural
and agricultural), recreational uses (such as boating and off-road
vehicles), and natural erosion. Predation of chicks, human and domestic
pet harassment, trampling by grazing cattle, and flooding during the nesting
season are other factors which have contributed to nesting failures.
Pollution (from all sources including pesticides) and its affect on water
quality, aquatic habitat, and small fish populations (the terns primary food
source) can limit the amount of suitable foraging habitat available to these
birds. Good quality foraging areas are often a limiting factor, especially
when selecting for breeding sites. Pollution and its effect on water
111-17
-------
quality and aquatic habitat can negatively impact small fish populations
and thus affect least tern populations.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Both rangeland and crop use of pesticides could impact the interior least
tern in several ways. The information provided by the Agency states that
pesticides could enter the aquatic habitat through drift and runoff. The
Agency also states that resulting residues in fish would be well below
concern level for birds feeding on those fish, except for pesticides that
may bio-concentrate in fish. According to the Agency, chlorpyrifos is the
only still registered pesticide to impact the tern through
bio-concentration. It also is our understanding that camphechlor, endrin,
EPN, fonophos, and possibly endosulfan may have a high potential for
bio-concentration but this is not mentioned by the Agency.
A fish kill, as a result of use of the 30 pesticides used on crops and
rangeland and listed in request part 2, could severely reduce the terns'
food supply. This would, in turn, cause stress of feeding hatchlings as
well as the adults depending on the size of the fish kill. The Agency
provides no hazard ratios for terrestrial species. In some cases (e.g.
cloethocarb), no toxicity data on birds is provided. As discussed for
the piping plover but not the tern, drift of pesticides could impact young
birds while older birds would be expected to preen themselves and receive
oral doses of pesticides. Drift of pesticides on nesting colonies of terns
could have an extremely adverse impact on that colony.
The pesticide uses that may occur in the vicinity of the interior least tern
include rangeland, corn, wheat, sorghum, soybeans, oats, barley, and rye.
As stated above, very little information was provided by the Agency on
pesticides in part 2. Part 1 provided some aquatic information on some
but not all of the pesticides covered in part 2. Most of the pesticide
use for the 30 pesticides are for crops, and only acephate, methyl
parathion, paraquat, trichlorfon, sodium cyanide, strychnine, and zinc
phosphide of the 30 pesticides are registered for use on rangeland.
From the information that was provided by the Agency, it would appear that
use of most of the pesticides could result in mortality to the food source
of the tern (fish). In addition, some of the pesticides including
aminopyridine (avitrol), azinphos-methyl, camphechlor, carbofuran,
chloropyrifos, diazinon, dicrotophos, dinozeb, endrin, EPN, ethoprop, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, isofenphos, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, oxamyl, and oxyfluoren could directly impact the terns themselves
since most of these pesticides appear to be toxic to birds.
While exposure is possible, based on the wide range of the species,
including numerous breeding colonies on Federal and State lands, the Service
believes that the use of the above pesticides is not likely to jeopardize
the continued existence of the population of interior least terns.
111-18
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species, are: acephate, aldicarb, aminopyrldine, azinphos-
methyl, camphechlor, carbofuran, chlorpyrlfos, cloethocarb, dlazlnon,
dicrotophos, endosulfan, endrln, EPN, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fonophos, isofenphos, methyl parathlon, mevinphos, oxamyl,
oxyfluoren, paraquat, phorate, trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered (sodium cyanide, strychnine,
and zinc phosphate) are not likely to affect the Interior least tern
because their use Is not anticipated to occur 1n OF adjacent to the species'
habitat in such a way to Impact the species.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, aminopyridine, azinphos-methyl, camphechlor,
carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, cloethocarb, diazinon, dicrotophos,
endosulfan, endrin, EPN, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fonophos, isofenphos, methyl parathlon, mevinphos,
oxamyl, oxyfluoren, paraquat, phorate, trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable because of the difficulty of
anticipating take of this wide ranging species and the lack of
information provided by the Agency on each chemical thus making it
exceedingly hard to predict the chances and levels of take that may
occur. Terns certainly could be taken by pesticide drift into tern
colonies but the Agency has not provided sufficient information to
attempt to make such a determination of the amount of take anticipated.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals (sodium cyanide, strychnine, and zinc phosphate) and no
incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-19
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Least Bell's vireo (Vireo belli pusillusl
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 2
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Most of the remaining breeding least Bell's vireos in the U.S. occur in San
Diego County where suitable habitat remains and Includes the riparian zones
of: Jamul and Dulzura Creeks in the San Ysidro Mountains, the Tijuana River
near the city of Imperial Beach, the San Diego River near Mission Dam and
El Cajon Reservoir, Tecolote Canyon near Bay Parks, Santa Ysabel Creek, Agua
Hedionda Creek, the San Luis Rey River at several sites from the mouth to
Lake Henshaw, the Santa Margarita River on Camp Joseph H. Pendleton Marine
Corps Base, Pilgrim Creek, the Sweetwater River in the vicinity of the
Sweetwater Reservoir upstream to Loveland Reservoir, and Anza Borrego Desert
State Park drainages (Coyote Creek, Sentenac Canyon, Hellhole Canyon, Indian
Canyon, Borrego Palm Canyon, San Felipe Canyon and Vallecito Creek).
Riverside County areas where the vireo was found in a 1986 spring census
include portions of the Santa Ana River, Mill Creek, and Temescal Creek near
the Prado Basin, Temescal Creek near Lake Elsinore, San Timoteo Canyon
near the City of Redlands, and Andreas, Palm, Chino, and Murray Canyons
near Palm Springs. Big Morrongo Canyon, the Mohave River and Fort Piute
Canyon in the eastern Mohave Desert comprise the known locales in San
Bernardino County. Vireos have been found in three localities in Inyo
County: Shoshone Creek, China Ranch and Resting Springs. Portions of the
Santa Clara River in Ventura and Los Angeles Counties contain vireos. Two
other Los Angeles County locales were occupied - San Francisquito Canyon
and Whittier Narrows. All vireos in Santa Barbara County occur in the
vicinity of the Gibralter Reservoir and Mono Basin of the Santa Ynez
drainage. This vireo is also known from Orange County in Aliso Creek.
Recent sightings (1984) on the Salinas River suggest that the range of the
vireo may extend into San Luis Obispo and Monterey Counties. Many creeks
and rivers within the vireos present range contain suitable, riparian
habitat, but are unoccupied by the species. These drainages should be
considered as possible locations for this species.
Federal lands on which the least Bell's vireo is known to occur include the
Los Padres National Forest; the Bureau of Land Management, California
Desert District, Barstow Resource Area; the Pal a Indian Reservation, and
the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation (San Bernardino, Riverside Counties).
Vireos may also occur on Vandenberg Air Force Base (Santa Barbara County)
and La Jolla Indian Reservation.
Formerly the range occupied by least Bell's vireo was much larger, extending
from Tehama County, California, south to northern Baja California, Mexico.
Most (if not all) drainages in the Central Valley contained vireos. Many
areas in Inyo County also were occupied. The decline of the least Bell's
vireo has been attributed to a number of factors. Habitat losses have
111-20
-------
been due to agricultural developments, livestock grazing, urban expansion,
flood control projects and reservoir and flood control basin developments.
Each of these Incrementally destroys riparian nesting habitats. The use"
of pesticides In agriculture, road maintenance, and flood control projects
Is also a threat to the vlreo.
The least Bell's vlreo 1s vulnerable to brood parasitism by the brown-headed
cowbird, and this has been responsible for reduced nesting success at most
existing locales of the vlreo. Some areas which contain vlreos are near
urban areas, consequently there may be an Increased predator population of
feral house cats.
Activities adversely Impacting the vireo that need-to be controlled include
sand and gravel mining; the spread of pollutants; some agricultural
practices (e.g., grazing and land clearing); road maintenance actions (e.g.,
rebulldozing roads and herbicide spraying); the use of off-road vehicles;
and stream bank or channel modification. The water table in reservoirs
and in areas subject to agricultural use needs to be maintained to preserve
riparian vegetation. Captive propagation for reintroduction may be a useful
tool (12). Control of pesticides is specifically mentioned as a necessary
recovery task.
Ongoing recovery actions include cowbird trapping programs on several
drainages and monitoring the status of the species. In 1988, all vireo
populations increased where cowbird nest parasitism was actively
controlled. Efforts to design Habitat Conservation Plans for key drainages
are also underway.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Although not an aquatic species, you have advanced an argument for re-
evaluation of cropland, range, forest use, and mosquito larvicidal chemicals
based on a dietary concentration evaluation, essentially a secondary
poisoning line of reasoning (8). You have compared the single lethal dose
of a chemical that will kill 50 percent of a test population (of birds)
with the amount of pesticide potentially carried by an insect (presumably
a sub-lethal dose), which is subsequently eaten by an insectivorous bird.
You have calculated the number of standard weight (100 ing.) insects, each
carrying 58 ppm of a pesticide, that would need to be consumed by a vireo
to reach 1/10 of the LD50 (for birds). This number (weight) of insects was
subsequently compared to 30 percent of the vireo body weight to determine
whether a vireo would be likely to consume that many insects per day.
(Vireos are believed to consume about 30 percent of their body weight per
day.)
This analysis requires a number of assumptions that are difficult, at best,
to accept. Among these are:
- Insects dosed at 58 ppm survive to become food for vireos. Lethal
doses for aquatic crustaceans rarely exceed 1 ppm (LC50)(8).
111-21
-------
Terrestrial insects would not likely dtffer in their LD50 values
from related aquatic species.
- Vireos contact pesticides only indirectly via their food. They do
not receive direct contamination from spraying or other application.
- Vireos eat only fully dosed insects at a level equal to 30 percent
of their body weight per day. They consume no other "clean" food.
- Pesticide residues in vireos dissipate to zero and no ill effects
remain before the beginning of the next feeding session (next day).
Carbamate and organochlorine pesticides exhibit some toxicity
reversibility, whereas, organophosphate pesticides often do not
(Turner, pers. comm.).
The Agency's analysis estimated only a level of pesticide poisoning that
would likely result in an observable effect on vireos (i.e., 1/10 LD50).
At this level the Agency concluded only that a product may affect a listed
species.
The recovery plan for the vireo calls for restrictions on pesticide uses as
one element to aid in recovery and delisting of the species (12). The
Service believes that only those chemicals displaying the greatest threat
need be controlled at this time. Accordingly, those chemicals that exceed
1/10 LD50 for birds at less than 10 percent of the body weight of the vireo,
as opposed to the Agency's threshold level of less than 30 percent of body
weight, pose a sufficient threat to rise to the level of jeopardy to the
species.
Three chemicals from part 2 of the request, EPN, endrin, and toxaphene,
are indicated as "Discontinued Use" and no data are given in Table 20 on
which to render a biological opinion. At this time, the Service is not
prepared to concur that discontinued pesticides will not affect listed
species (see discussion of cancelled chemicals in the introduction to this
biological opinion). Therefore, biological opinions regarding the effects
of these pesticides are based on a comparison with those chemicals in Table
20 otherwise found to jeopardize the vireo.
EPN and endrin both exhibit very high toxicity to birds with LDSO's in the
1-10 ppm range which is characteristic of all of the other chemicals that
jeopardize the vireo. EPN is noted as having a high bioaccumulation
potential. Endrin is extremely toxic to birds, fish and other aquatic
species.
Camphechlor (toxaphene) is less toxic to birds (LD50 of 10-70 ppm). However
this product is known to limit reproduction of quail and pheasants in test
situations. It also displays a high degree of bioaccumulation and is highly
persistent in the environment.
Data were not provided for four other chemicals (dalapon, demeton,
fensulfothion and linuron) from Table 20. To ignore these chemicals would
be to grant a de facto "no affect" finding which is not appropriate under
111-22
-------
the circumstances. Determinations of jeopardy/no jeopardy were based on
LDBO's or other toxicity data available for birds.
To provide a level of consistency the Service also has evaluated all
chemicals strictly on the basis of acute toxicity, bioaccumulation and
other factors pertinent to individual chemicals (Sevtion V). Jeopardy was
determined for four additional pesticides on this basis (methyl parathion,
chlorpyrifos, fenthion, and dichlorvos).
Four chemicals from part 2 were not listed In Table 20 (cloethocarb,
paraquat, sodium cyanide, strychnine). No pertinent data were provided
for cloethocarb. However, as this insecticide is highly persistent and may
reduce food supplies for the vireo, a jeopardy determination was made.
Paraquat dichloride, a herbicide, displays a very low toxicity to birds
and is not likely to affect vireos. Sodium cyanide and strychnine are
primarily rodenticides used in burrows either as a fumigant or treated
grain or other bait. Neither product should attract vireos and thus
exposure would be precluded.
Any reasonable and prudent alternative to eliminate jeopardy must recognize
that riparian zones are, at best, indistint and can vary as stream courses
change with floodflows and time. Thus a blanket restriction of pesticide
applications on riparian vegetation or within the "riparian zone" will
yield ambiguities. Further, restrictions tied to riparian zones alone
could encourage destruction of riparian vegetation thereby exascerbating
an already serious cumulative effect on this species. Thus prohibited use
zones are established relative to the edge of agricultural fields (in
appropriate areas depicted on bulletin maps).
In an effort to reduce the scope and effect of this otherwise broad
restriction, it will apply only on a seasonal basis and does not apply
along common borders between agricultural fields.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbofuran, camphechlor, cloethocarb, demeton,
diazinon, dicrotophos, endrin, EPN, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, oxamyl.
Pesticides that are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of
this species through its food supply are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine,
azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dalapon,
dichlorvos, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diquat dibromide,
disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, fenitrothion, fenthion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, linuron, malathion, mancozeb,
methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, naled, nitrapyrin, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon,
111-23
-------
profenofos, propachlor, propargite, propazine, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos, temophos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin. However, some of these
chemicals could affect vireos outright If the birds experience direct
exposure.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (carbofuran, camphechlor, cloethocarb, demeton,
diazinon, dicrotophos, endrin, EPN, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, oxamyl), if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-24
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
*
SPECIES: Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealisi
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 4
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The red-cockaded woodpecker occurs throughout the southeast. Its basic
habitat requirement is for open stands of pines/pine hardwoods with a
minimum age of 30 years. Dense stands, stands that are primarily hardwoods,
or that have a dense understory are avoided. The species feeds primarily
on insects. Cavity excavation for roosting almost always occurs in living
pines. A cavity tree area, which includes the nest cavity tree and other
cavities is referred to as a colony. Foraging area for a colony may range
from 100 acres in excellent habitat to 1000 acres in areas of poor habitat.
The average home range for a clan (family unit) is 200 acres. The major
cause of decline for this species is the change in forestry management
practices that favor short-term rotations and a subsequent decline in old-
age pine trees.
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
This species is addressed in part 4 of the request not to evaluate
toxicities to certain chemicals but to provide an additional reasonable and
prudent alternative to preclude jeopardy to listed chemicals. The
reasonable and prudent alternative proposed by the Agency is for applicators
of the listed jeopardy pesticides to conduct a survey for red-cockaded
woodpecker colonies prior to using these pesticides in forests containing
pine trees over 30 years old. If any colonies are found, use of the listed
pesticides should be prohibited within 100 yards of the colony trees.
While the Fish and Wildlife Service believes that a reasonable and prudent
alternative of this nature could be applied to the red-cockaded woodpecker,
it recommends that several changes be made to the alternative. The
alternative should read as follows: Applicators of the listed forestry
use pesticides will be required to conduct a survey for red-cockaded
woodpecker colonies prior to using these pesticides in forests containing
pine trees over 30 years old. If any colonies are found, use of the listed
pesticides will be prohibited from the colony site including at least a
200 foot buffer around the perimeter of all woodpecker trees (ie; start
holes, inactive and active trees). This prohibited zone shall be no less
than 10 acres. Extending one half mile form this prohibited zone, the listed
forestry use pesticides shall be used only as spot treatment or direct
application to affected trees. Surveys conducted up to five years prior to
application would be acceptable, except in the case of an apparently
abandoned colony. If survey results indicate an abandoned colony, a search
shall be conducted that encompasses an area of a 1 mile radius from the
edge of the trees that comprised the abandoned colony.
111-25
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
While the Service is not adopting the proposed alternative provided by
the Agency, it is providing a new reasonable and prudent alternative to
preclude jeopardy (listed in Section II). Therefore, the pesticides listed
as jeopardy for the red-cockaded woodpecker in request part 4 still remain
as pesticides likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the species:
acephate, aminocarb, azinphos-methyl, fenitrothion, methyl parathion,
trichlorfon.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (acephate, aminocarb, azinphos-methyl, fenitrothion,
methyl parathion, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-26
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi obscurus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 2
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake occurs in the Animas Mountains,
Hidalgo County, New Mexico, and in the Sierra San Luis in Chihuahua, Mexico.
In the Animas Mountains, the species has been observed in Indian Creek
Canyon and vicinity, Bear Canyon and Spring Canyon. The known occupied
habitat of the species is on private lands and covers an area of two square
miles or less. It may also occur in the Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo
County, where a specimen believed to be £. w. obscurus was taken; its
taxonomic status is being investigated.
»
The New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake is most frequently found in canyon
bottoms between 5600 and 8000 feet in elevation in habitats dominated by
pine, oak and associated trees, shrubs, forbs and grasses. In total this
combination of elements occupies, at most, a few thousand acres in the
Animas Mountains. Winter retreats are probably talus areas and other
labyrinthine formations. In warm weather, the rattlesnake is frequently
found in or near vegetated areas, which provide shade, a stable temperature
regime and concealment from both predators and prey. It is not known to
what extent it utilizes existing rodent burrows for shelter; however, other
members of this genus are sometimes found in burrows.
Lizards appear to be its chief prey, with lesser numbers of small mammals,
birds, and even invertebrates being taken on occasion. The most frequently
recorded prey species include Yarrow's spiny lizard and the Arizona
alligator lizard. The brush mouse, Wilson's warbler and rufous-crowned
sparrow have also been recorded as prey. There is limited evidence to
support the thesis that the ridge-nosed rattlesnake feeds on carrion.
The New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake is listed as a Federally threatened
species because of its limited range, vulnerability and past excesses of
collection. The greatest threat to the species is loss of habitat in the
Animas and San Luis Mountains due to excessive livestock grazing,
development, off-road vehicle use, pollution, mining, timber harvesting and
other factors. Collecting has had a significant impact on the species, due
to the direct loss of individuals from the population, as well as the
destruction or alteration of suitable habitat by collection efforts.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The New Mexican ridge-nosed rattlesnake, like other members of its genus,
seeks out holes, crevices, rock overhangs and perhaps animal burrows to
escape from predators, as well as extremes of heat and cold. This secretive
habit makes it potentially vulnerable to adverse impacts from the use of
111-27
-------
burrow fumigants within its occupied range. 'For this reason it would be
prudent to prohibit the use of fumigants in habitat where the ridge-nosed
rattlesnake is known to occur.
It is probably less vulnerable to pesticides applied above ground. It would
be most vulnerable to pesticides with high inhalation toxicity but less
vulnerable to contact toxicants due to the relative Impermeability of its
skin. Secondary poisoning from insecticides is possible, also, since its
principal prey are insectivorous and may eat contaminated insects and
concentrate low environmental residues of these chemicals. Bioaccumulation
potential for acephate, diazinon and trichlorfon 1s low, while methyl
parathion has moderate bioaccumulation potential with a predicted
bioconcentration factor of less than 100. Although it 1s unlikely that
levels of pesticides Ingested through contaminated prey would be acutely
toxic to the ridge-nosed rattlesnake, it could adversely affect the species
by reducing its prey base, its ability to elude predators, combat parasites
and disease, or reproduce successfully.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
designated critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed
under each of these chemicals in Section II): aluminum phosphide, gas
cartridges, magnesium phosphide.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its designated critical habitat are: acephate, diazinon,
methyl parathion, trichlorfon.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (aluminum phosphide, gas cartridges, magnesium
phosphide), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section
II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed
action will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly,
no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of Incidental take to occur:
acephate, diazinon, methyl parathion, trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
affected individuals are likely to seek refuge in holes, burrows,
crevices, under leaf litter or in some inaccessible place, making
111-28
-------
accurate assessment of direct mortality impossible. Incapacitation by
pesticides could render the ridge-nosed rattlesnake more susceptible
to predation or reduce their ability to hunt or reproduce.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
Information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any Incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-29
-------
SPECIES PROFILE..
SPECIES: Eastern Indigo snake (Drvmarchon corias couperl)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The eastern Indigo snake occurs throughout peninsular Florida, the coastal
plain of Georgia and possibly coastal Alabama. In the northern portion of
its range, it inhabits xeric habitats supporting populations of gopher
tortoises. In peninsular Florida, the snake may be found in all terrestrial
habitats. However, it is usually associated with gopher tortoise habitats.
Characteristics of gopher tortoise habitats include dry, well-drained soils,
a partially open canopy, with diverse herbaceous cover. Examples of
tortoise habitat types include sandhills, pine-flatwoods, scrub, zeric
hammock and beach dunes.
This snake is a generalized predator that will eat any vertebrate small
enough to be overpowered.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The eastern indigo snake does not eat carrion regularly and is not expected
to ingest small animals contaminated by pesticides. Additionally, the
eastern indigo snake does not inhabit areas of high agricultural use, and
is not expected to come into direct contact with many agricultural
pesticides. However, three of the seven chemicals being reviewed are often
used as burrow fumigants and could have a direct impact on the species.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): aluminium phosphide, gas cartridges, magnesium
phosphide.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species, are: acephate, diazinon, methyl parathion,
trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species
habitat.
111-30
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals, if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed
in Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency, must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-31
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: San Marcos salamander (Eurvcea nana)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The San Marcos salamander occurs in the San Marcos River in the vicinity
of San Marcos, Hays County, Texas. The San Marcos River arises in a series
of springs along the Balcones Fault Zone. The second largest spring system
in Texas, the San Marcos springs have historically exhibited the greatest
flow dependability and environmental stability of any spring system in the
southwestern United States. The San Marcos Spring ecosystem, including
its spring run, the San Marcos River, has a greater known diversity of
aquatic organisms than any other ecosystem in the Southwest. Many of the
species found here are endemic and restricted to a few kilometers of the
spring run.
The San Marcos salamander is found in Spring Lake, created by the San Marcos
River not far from the headsprings. Its habitat is composed of sand and
gravel substrate interspersed with large limestone boulders and concrete
covered with aquatic moss and algae. Habitat requirements include clean,
clear flowing water, vegetative cover, and a food supply of living
invertebrates.
The San Marcos ecosystem is in a precarious situation due to a variety of
factors, including increased human use of aquifer waters, increased
urbanization in the San Marcos region, resulting in increased pollution,
recreational use and alteration of the river.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Pesticides have been identified as potentially causing adverse impacts to
the San Marcos salamander. Controlling or restricting the use of
pesticides has been suggested as one means by which to promote its
recovery. Because of the urban land use in the immediate vicinity of San
Marcos and the prevalence of rangeland cover types in the surrounding area,
including the recharge zone of the Edwards Aquifer, we find that the
potential exists for exposure of the species to rangeland pesticides and
mosquito laryicides. For rangeland pesticides, probable routes of exposure
are runoff within the surface drainage basin and percolation from the
aquifer recharge area. Table 18 was used for hazard ratios of chemicals
for which a stream model was available. Table 14 was used for all other
rangeland chemicals. For larvicides, direct application and drift are the
most likely routes of exposure (Table 9).
111-32
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
ethyl parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, captan, methomyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon) if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, captan, methomyl.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: The
characteristics of the salamander's habitat limit the likelihood of
recovering any specimens.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-33
-------
SPECIES PROFILE-
SPECIES: Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambvstoma macrodactvlum croceum)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Santa Cruz long-toed salamander was discovered In 1954 at Valencia
Lagoon, Santa Cruz County, California. Only six breeding localities in
Santa Cruz and Monterey counties are known. Three of these in Santa Cruz
County are Valencia Lagoon, Rio Del Mar, Ellicott Pond, and Seascape Pond.
Valencia Lagoon and many lots in the surrounding hillside are owned by. the
State of California. Ellicott Pond and a surrounding 30 acres of land is
owned by the State of California. An additional 124 acres adjacent to this
property is owned by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Together, Valencia
Lagoon and the area at Ellicott Pond comprise the Santa Cruz long-toed
salamander Ecological Reserve administered by Ellicott Slough National
Wildlife Refuge. The three known localities for this salamander in Monterey
County are McClusky Slough, Struve Pond, north of Moss Landing, and Moro
Cojo Slough, east of Moss Landing.
Principle factors affecting mortality of Santa Cruz long-toed salamanders
are weather, available habitat, natural enemies, disease and longevity, and
activities of man. During the terrestrial phase of its life, the Santa
Cruz long-toed salamander inhabits oak-chaparral woodlands with dense
understory and abundant burrows. At Ellicott Slough, juveniles may also
spend the summer in the willow grove to the east of the pond. During the
larval stage, and while breeding, salamanders utilize temporary ponds.
The temporary ponds are shallow with persistent, emergent and submerged
vegetation. The salamanders attach their eggs to the vegetation. The
vegetation also provides cover and foraging areas for the larvae. The
presence of numerous homes on the western portion of the ridge at Valencia
Lagoon limits available habitat.
Juvenile salamanders may spend their first summer in the ground under the
dried pond and the phreatophytic vegetation and edge detritus surrounding
it. When the fall rains come they migrate to the oak woodlands. In
terrestrial habitat the salamanders live in burrows of tunneling mammals
and other ground dwelling animals, and in the root systems of plants.
Populations in Monterey County are located adjacent or near roads.
Maintenance or improvement of these roads could impact the species.
The adult Santa Cruz long-toed salamander eats insects (spring-tails, flies,
mosquitos, crickets, grasshoppers, caterpillars, beetles, centipedes, pill
bugs, earthworms, snails and slugs). The young eat insects (midges,
water-boatmen, beetles, and insect larvae), copepods, ostracods, snails,
leeches, annelid worms, and salamander and frog larvae.
111-34
-------
Salamanders annually migrate distances up to 1.3 km (0.8 miles) between the
terrestrial habitat and winter breeding grounds. Salamanders leave their
terrestrial retreats and migrate to the breeding pond at the on-set of the
first rains in late September and October. They travel only on misty,
foggy, or rainy nights. Their routes follow hillside gullies. They arrive
at the breeding pond from November to February with the majority of them
arriving in January and February. Once they finish breeding they return
to their terrestrial habitat.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The State of California has prepared a special report detailing the
agricultural activity immediately surrounding Monterey County salamander
habitats and listing the chemicals used (20). (Several chemicals listed in
that report were not a part of the Agency's request and are not evaluated
here.) These chemicals, identified by the State, are probably used in the
vicinity of the Santa Cruz County habitats as well. Thus, the focus of
the Service's concern is not limited to the rangeland chemicals previously
considered (Rangeland Cluster Opinion, 12/11/84).
The nature of the small, shallow ponds utilized by salamanders during
breeding matches Agency modeling for hazard ratios in a 1-acre pond, 0.5
feet deep (Tables 11 and 12). For many chemicals, hazard ratios are
exceedingly high (up to 26,000 times the threshold effects level). Risk
assessments indicate a high potential for adverse effects for all chemicals
used in the vicinity of salamander habitat except acephate, phosphamidon,
and methyl parathion. This compares well with the State's own assessment
based primarily on the toxicity of the chemicals to test animals (20).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan,
carbaryl, diazinon, endosulfan, ethyl parathion, fonofos, malathion,
methomyl, naled, permethrin, trichlorfon.
The State has outlined a tentative proposal for periodic controls on certain
more toxic pesticides recognizing the amphibious and migratory nature of the
salamander (20). This draft proposal is limited to Monterey County
habitats. The Service has not attempted to craft as intricate a program
of restrictions because a sufficiently detailed understanding of
agricultural practices in the immediate vicinity of all pertinent habitats
in both Monterey and Santa Cruz Counties was not available. The State's
intent to prepare a detailed specific plan to implement restrictions
notwithstanding, the Agency should proceed to include Santa Cruz and
Monterey Counties in their endangered species program, preparing County
bulletins depicting prohibited use zones surrounding all recognized
salamander habitats of not less than 20 yards for ground application and
100 yards for aerial application. Such restrictions would apply to all
chemicals that jeopardize the Santa Cruz long-toed salamander. At such
111-35
-------
time as the State presents an acceptable alternate plan, the Service will
evaluate It in terms of reasonable and prudent alternatives and measures.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, methyl parathion, phosphamidon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat or their toxicity levels are insignificant.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and incidental take is anticipated:
For any or all of the following chemicals, the Service anticipates an
unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur: atrazine, azinphos-
methyl, captan, carbaryl, diazinon, endosulfan, ethyl parathion,
fonofos, malathion, methomyl, naled, permethrin, trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Based on the extreme toxicity of many chemicals considered and the
intensity of use in proximity to salamander habitats, both upland and
aquatic, the Service anticipates incidental take associated with
routine, authorized chemical applications. However, it will be
impossible to quantify the expected level or impact of such incidental
take. This secretive and largely nocturnal species is not likely appear
to be affected by chemicals or to be recovered if lost due to pesticide
applications in its intensely agricultural range.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should individual Santa Cruz long-toed salamanders be incidentally taken in
connection with chemical applications and subsequently recovered, remains
should be chilled (or preferably frozen) and immediate contact made with
California Department of Fish and Game at (916) 355-0842 to obtain further
instructions.
111-36
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
•
SPECIES: Texas blind salamander (Tvphlomolqe rathbuni)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Texas blind salamander occurs in the vicinity of San Marcos, Hays
County, Texas. This species is aquatic throughout-life, living in
interconnected, water-filled cavernous areas in the San Marcos pool of the
Edwards Aquifer. Most of its 10,000-hectare range is located directly
below the City of San Marcos. Surface lands are primarily mixed urban
development and herbacous rangeland.
The salamander travels along ledges and occasionally swims in deep pools.
Adults feed on invertebrates such as palaemontid shrimp and amphipods, while
juveniles feed on smaller invertebrates such as copepods. Both feed on
hydrobid snails.
Primarily reasons for its decline include urban pollution, water drawdown,
over-collecting and spelunking. Survival of the species is tied to the
continued quality of the Edwards Aquifer. Controlling or restricting the
use of pesticides has been suggested as one means by which to promote the
recovery of the Texas blind salamander.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Because of the urban land use in the immediate vicinity of San Marcos and
the prevalence of rangeland cover types in the surrounding area, including
the recharge zone of the Edwards Aquifer, the potential exists for exposure
of the species to rangeland pesticides and mosquito larvicides. Due to
its association with underground pools of the Edwards Aquifer, probable
routes of exposure are percolation into the aquifer from the San Marcos
area as well as the aquifer recharge area upslope from San Marcos.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other chemicals.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, captan, methomyl,
propachlor.
111-37
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion,
malathion, methyl parathion, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed 1n Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, captan, methomyl, propachlor.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
salamander lives in underground caves. Many of the cave apssages are
inaccessible to humans. Those that are accessible are entered
infrequently to prevent disturbance of the fragile cave ecosystem.
Thus, the likelihood of finding a salamander carcass is small.
Furthermore, sublethal effects could occur due to reductions in prey
species, impairment of reproductive potential and other factors.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-38
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
*
SPECIES: Houston toad (Bufo houstonensls)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Recent records of Houston toads are known from only three counties In Texas,
Bastrop, Burleson and Harris. Bastrop County probably has the largest
number of Houston toads today. They exist in Burleson County near Lake
Woodrow in low numbers but frequently fail to breed due to the absence of
surface water. No toads have been reported from Harris County since 1976.
Water is one of the most important parts of Houston toad habitat, as
reproduction cannot occur if there is insufficient water to fill breeding
pools. Toads occur where there is an abundance of loblolly pine, probably
as an artifact of their mutual preference for friable sandy soils, which
are common to all Houston toad localities. Other land types where Houston
toads occur include wet grasslands and pastures. Its range has been highly
modified by residential and other urban development.
Houston toads need sandy soils in which to burrow. They rest in burrows,
under logs, in leaf litter, and undercut banks around pools. The diet of
adult Houston toads consists primarily of small arthropods. Houston toad
tadpoles are known to eat algae and pollen.
Decline of the Houston toad has been attributed to climatic change and
destruction or adverse modification of their habitat. Recovery includes
measures to control or restrict the use of pesticides within its existing
range.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Because the Houston toad is found in association with forestlands, pastures
and grasslands, it is likely to be exposed to those pesticides registered
for use on forests and rangelands. It is also at risk of exposure to
mosquito larvicides due to the increased urbanization of its occupied range.
Table 8 was used for all hazard ratios as this toad reproduces in shallow
rainwater-filled depressions.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and .prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
111-39
-------
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethyl
parathlon, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, oxyfluorfen,
phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, diflubenzuron,
mancozeb.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bifenox,
captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethyl parathion,
malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, oxyfluorfen, phosmet,
propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, diflubenzuron, mancozeb.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: The
Houston toad is dependent upon rainfall for reproduction. We are unable
to determine, for any given year, the number of young produced in a
breeding cycle. Toad larvae or tadpoles are most susceptible to the
impacts of pesticides. Because their numbers will vary depending on the
duration and frequency of rainfall, it is not possible to determine a
specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
111-40
-------
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take Is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of acephate and
no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-41
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Puerto Rican crested toad (Peltophrvne lemur)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Puerto Rican crested toad is the only native bufonid of the Puerto
Rican Island shelf. It is a medium sized toad with blackish-brown
coloration, found in the semi-arid, rocky areas of the island. The major
cause of decline for this species is destruction of breeding habitat. .
Three life stages have been identified for this toad: tadpole, toadlet,
and adult. Different environmental conditions are required for each.
Adult toads are semifossorial and widely dispersed when not breeding.
Adults may be found in limestone fissures, under limestone boulders and in
cavities. Breeding is known to occur at only two coastal sites when
sufficient rainfall (greater than 10 cm) is received. Adult toads have
been known to travel long distances to reach breeding grounds (up to 4
km). Eggs hatch within 24 hours and tadpoles metamorphose within 25 days.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The life stage most susceptible to pesticides is the aquatic tadpole stage.
The tadpole stage often takes 25 days. This species is known to breed in
only two areas, Quebradillas and Guanica Forest. In the Quebradillas area,
the toads have been seen breeding in permanent cattle troughs. The other
area occurs within the confines of the Guanica State Forest. Therefore,
this species is expected to be impacted by the use of rangelend pesticides
in the Quebradillas and forest use pesticides in the Guanica State Forest.
Table 8 was used to determine the hazard ratios for freshwater fish, the
most closely related taxa to the tadpole stage of the toad.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): benomyl, captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, methyl parathion, naled,
phosmet, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species, are: acephate, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, bifenox,
carbofuran, diflurbenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, fensulfothion, mancozeb,
methomyl, oxyfluorfen, propachlor, trifluralin.
111-42
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals, (benomyl, captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathfon, methyl parathion,
naled, phosmet, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon) if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that, the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take
is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, bifenox, carbofuran,
diflurbenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, fensulfothion, mancozeb,
methomyl, oxyfluorfen, propachlor, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: The
Puerto Rican crested toad is dependent upon rainfall for reproduction.
The Service is unable to determine, for any given year, the number of
young produced in a breeding cycle. These numbers will vary depending
on the duration and frequency of rainfall. Therefore, it is not
possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-43
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Wyoming toad (fiufo hemiophrvs baxteri)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Wyoming toad was formerly common in Albany County, Wyoming on the
floodplain of the Big and Little Laramie Rivers and in Irrigated regions
in the Laramie Basin west of the City of Laramie. In 1983, an intensive
search of the Laramie Basin revealed two immature toads about 15 miles
southwest of Laramie. A new population of Wyoming toads was located 15
miles southwest of Laramie during the summer of 1987 with a total of 7
toads first discovered and during a second survey in late summer 57 toads
were located.
Larvae of the toads feed primarily on algae while the adults are primarily
insectivorous and opportunistic in their selection of food. Habitats used
by the Wyoming toad are primarily floodplain ponds, small ponds and lakes
produced by irrigation runoff, and small seepage lakes in the basin. One
of the factors believed to have led to the endangerment of this species
is the widespread spraying of insecticides to control mosquitoes.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The uses in the vicinity of Wyoming toad habitat include rangeland, sorghum,
small grains (barley and oats), and mosquito larvicides. There is a high
exposure potential to the Wyoming toad for any pesticides used in the above
areas.
Tables 8 (mosquito larvicide) and 11 were used to obtain hazard ratios for
freshwater fish and invertebrates. Table 12 (runoff) was used for the
pesticides aldicarb, carbofuran, and phorate. Very little information is
available on amphibians so information on fish was used.
It is believed that 44 of the pesticides of Table 1 have a potential to
impact the Wyoming toad through drift or runoff into the habitat as well
as pesticides being directly applied to the habitat as a mosquito larvicide.
The Service also believes that the use of 43 of these 44 pesticides is
likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the Wyoming toad. This
determination is based primarily on the species distribution, known use
patterns, the hazard ratios of both fish and invertebrate species, as well
as other factors such as persistance, bioaccumlation, and in some cases,
lack of sufficient information on one of the above factors.
From Table 1 provided by the Agency, the Service has determined that there
would not be exposure to the Wyoming toad from the remaining 15 pesticides
in this table. This is because none of the known registered uses of those
pesticides considered in this consultation are for uses that occur near
Wyoming toad habitat.
111-44
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, copper
sulfate, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, envalerate, fonofos, malathion,
mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate,
propachlor, propargite, propazine, pyrethrin, terbufos, thiophanate-methyl,
trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat. .
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos,
copper sulfate, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, envalerate, fonofos,
malathion, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methy1, pendimethalin,
permethrin, phorate, propachlor, propargite, propazine, pyrethrin,
terbufos, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of acephate and
no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-45
-------
SPECIES PROFILE*
SPECIES: Alabama cavefish (Speoolatyrhinus poulsoni)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Alabama cavefish is an albinistic cave fish of the family Amblyopsidae.
It feeds on fish, crustaceans and zooplankton. It appears to be the rarest
of American cavefishes and perhaps of all American freshwater fishes and
possibly one of the rarest vertebrates in the world. Their habitat is
generally lacustrine and consists of large carbonate conduits developed in
thick-bedded limestones. Water enters the system by movement through porous
limestone. Aquatic substrates within the cave are various bedrock and
unconsolidated rubble/gravel/sand. Groundwaters are highly insulated from
surface conditions.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Alabama cavefish is found only in Key Cave in Lauderdale County,
Alabama. According to 1986 crop use statistics, the following agricultural
activities occur in Lauderdale County: corn, cotton, sorghum, wheat and
cattle production. Much of Key cave's 10,731 feet of passage lie beneath
privately owned land in agricultural service. The potential for the
Alabama cavefish to be exposed to pesticides is great based on its
location. Cave systems have a very low flushing rate. Any introduction
of chemicals either by drift or groundwater seepage will remain in the
system longer than an ordinary stream. The Alabama cavefish is especially
susceptible to pesticide impacts because of its apparent endemicity, its
very small population size and it's depressed reproduction potential. Any
environmental impacts that alter the groundwater quality in the aquifer
could eliminate this monotypic genus.
Table 19B was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish.
All 60 pesticides in part 1 could potentially impact the Alabama cavefish
either through groundwater contamination, runoff or seepage. Of those 60
chemicals, 45 chemicals will jeopardize the continued existence of the
Alabama cavefish if used in its habitat. Of the remaining chemicals, 15
are not likely to result in jeopardy to the species.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): aldicarb, azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil,
111-46
-------
chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol, dicrotophos, disulfoton,
endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, methomyl, mevlnphos, naled,
pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, profenofos, propachlor,
proparglte, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorothHhioate, terbufos,
terbutryn, thlophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trlfluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, bifenox,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diuron, fenitrothion, isophenfos, mancozeb,
methoprene, methyl parathion, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyflourfen, phosphamidon, propazine, sulprofos, thiodicarb.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (aldicarb, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide,
captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol, dicrotophos,
disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, methomyl,
mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet,
profenofos, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorothHhioate, terbufos, terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl,
trichlorfon, trifluralin), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives
listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate
that the proposed action will result in any incidental take of the
species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, bifenox, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diuron,
fenitrothion, isophenfos, mancozeb, methoprene, methyl parathion,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methy1, oxyflourfen, phosphamidon,
propazine, sulprofos, thiodicarb.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: The
Alabama cavefish lives in underground caves. Many of the cave passages
are inaccessible to humans. Those that are accessible are entered
infrequently in order to prevent disturbance to the fragile cave
ecosystem. The likelihood of discovering a cavefish carcass is small.
Therefore, we are unable to identify a specific level of incidental
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
111-47
-------
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for recohsultation.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-48
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Ozark cavefish (Amblvopsis rosae)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1 -
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Ozark cavefish is adapted to cave environments which may limit the
species ability to recover from even minor pertubatlons. This, combined
with the shrinking of Its known range was the basis of the species being
listed. The distribution of the species 1s entirely within the Springfield
Plateau, an area of approximately 21,000 square kilometers which is drained
by the White, Neosho and Osage Rivers. The area is one of limestone with
karst topography, largely forested, interspersed with farms that produce a
variety of products. There are numerous urban settlements within the area.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Of special concern to the survival of the species is the potential for
drift and runoff of pesticides into caverns, sinkholes and surface waters
which supply the cave habitats of the species. Likewise, there is also
concern with those chemicals that are persistant and have a likelihood of
leaching into underground recharge systems of the species habitats. The
Service, working through the Missouri Division of Geology and Land Survey,
is refining the boundaries of the recharge areas. It is anticipated that
within a year, specific cavern/sinkhole/surface water sources will be
identified. This will allow the Service to Identify specific areas of impact
which have need for protection rather then entire recharge zones, presently
identified.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): chlorpyrifos, phosmet.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: atrazine, benomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, diazinon, dicofol, disulfoton, endosulfan,
ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenvalerate, isofenphos, mancozeb, methyl
parathion, naled, pendimethalin, propazine, pyrethrin, sulprofos, terbufos,
thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
111-49
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (chlorpyrifos, phosmet), if the reasonable and
prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no Incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, diazinon, dicofol,
disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenvalerate,
isofenphos, naled, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, sulprofos, terbufos,
thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: The
Ozark cavefish lives in underground caves. These caves are not
monitored regularly, and the likelihood of discovering a cavefish
carcass is very slight. Therefore, we are unable to identify a specific
level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-50
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
•
SPECIES: Chihuahua chub (Gila nlarescens)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Chihuahua chub is endemic to the Guzman Basin in southwestern New Mexico
and the northwestern portion of the Mexican State of Chihuahua. In New
Mexico, the chub occupies a four to five kilometer "stretch of the Mimbres
River from Allie Canyon downstream to the town of Mimbres, Luna County,
New Mexico, and a small, privately owned, spring-fed tributary on the east
side of the river opposite Bear Canyon Reservoir.
Chihuahua chubs prefer habitats which include pools at least one meter deep,
shade, undercut banks or other cover features, such as downed logs,
submerged shrubs, etc. These fish are usually found over substrates of
sand, gravel and cobble, with some occasional fine mud or silt. The
Chihuahua chub is also found in association with aquatic vegetation. Its
food preferences probably include surface insects, aquatic invertebrates
and vegetation. Spawning occurs from late April through May in quiet pools,
1-2.5 meters deep, over matted beds of aquatic vegetation.
Adjacent uplands are highly diverse in cover types. Land uses include
residential housing, agriculture including apple orchards, pasture
(including hay production), small garden plots (corn, fruit, vegetables
and grapes), and riparian vegetation including cottonwoods, willows, Arizona
sycamore, Arizona walnut, alder, live oak, juniper, sagebrush and a variety
of forbs and grasses.
Its decline in abundance and distribution is attributed to habitat
alteration from groundwater mining, stream channelization, water diversion
for irrigation, deforestation (causing erosion, siltation and water
temperature alteration), and pollution. Severe flooding caused by watershed
degradation and the loss of riparian vegetation has further aggravated the
decline of the species.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Within its narrow range, the Chihuahua chub is especially vulnerable to the
effects of pesticides which are directly toxic to the species. Toxicity
to food items and vegetative cover are less critical; nevertheless, these
factors must be considered in this risk assessment. Its association with
range, forest and agricultural cover types make the Chihuahua chub
vulnerable to chemicals registered for these uses. The probable routes of
contamination are through runoff from adjacent treated areas or seepage to
the source aquifer of its spring habitat. Although agricultural cover
types are not extensive, the proximity of this cover type to the Chihuahua
chub and its very limited range, require use of certain pesticides be
111-51
-------
prohibited or restricted within the known ra'ftge of the species. While the
probability that mosquito larvicides will be used is small, the potential
impact is greater due to the direct application of larvicides to water.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other chemicals except mosquito larvicides (Table
9).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, ethyl parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil,
copper sulfate, dicofol, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton,
diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl,
methoprene, mevinphos, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, profenfos,
propargite, propazine, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos,
terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon,
trifluralin.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
ethyl parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section
II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed
action will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly,
no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol,
dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethion, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos,
isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, mevinphos,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin,
111-52
-------
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamldon, profenfos, propargite,
propazlne, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos, terbufos,
terbutryn, thlodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-53
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Humpback chub (Glla cvoha)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Humpback chub generally tend to reside throughout the year within limited
reaches of the Colorado, Green, and Yampa Rivers. Humpback chub are found
inhabiting narrow, deep canyon areas, and are relatively restricted in
distribution. They seldom leave their canyon habitat.
Adult humpback chub concentration areas occur in the Colorado River (Black
Rocks and Westwater Canyons), the Green River (Gray Canyon), and the Yampa
River (Yampa Canyon). Confirmed spawning areas occur at Black Rocks and
Yampa Canyon. Suspected humpback chub spawning areas also occur in Westwater
Canyon and Gray Canyon.
A reproducing population of humpback chub is found in the Little Colorado
River and the Colorado River at their confluence in the Grand Canyon. The
collection location of young humpback chub indicated that successful
reproduction only occurred in the Little Colorado River.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The only use patterns that the Service believes could impact the humpback
chub are for range!and and forestry. As stated above, the humpback chub
is found primarily in narrow, deep water canyon areas of the Colorado River
drainage system. There is some potential for exposure from rangeland and
forestry uses.
Table 15 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. For the
pesticide carbofuran (granular), Table 16 was used.
It is believed that 30 of the pesticides of Table 1 and fenitrothion in
part 5, have a potential to impact the humpback chub primarily through drift
of the pesticides into the habitat of this endangered species as well as
runoff. However, based on the primarily deep water canyon habitat of the
humpback chub, the Service concludes that the use of the these pesticides
on range and forest lands is not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the humpback chub. There would be no exposure to the remaining
pesticides in Table 1 and methoprene in part 5, since none of the known
registered uses of those pesticides considered in this consultation are
for uses that occur near humpback chub habitat.
111-54
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
disulfoton, endosulfan, fenvalerate, malathion, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-
methyl, tri chlorf on.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of these
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-55
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Hutton tui chub (Gila bicolor ssp.)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Hutton tui chub occurs in Hutton Spring and 1n an unnamed spring about
3/4 mile to the east 1n Lake County, Oregon. Past distribution 1s
uncertain. This form, or its ancestor, is known to have occurred in
pluvial Alkali Lake. The isolation of the Hutton tui chub is due to the
desiccation of that ancient lake.
The Hutton tui chub lives in clear springs and outflow channels.
Observations of the species over a period of 20 years indicate the
population has remained stable. The size of the springhole of Hutton Spring
varies with excavations made by the owner. It has ranged from 20 feet to
nearly 40 feet in diameter, and is about 15 feet deep In the center. The
smaller spring hole is about 10 feet across and 2 feet deep. The outflows
from the springs form small areas of wetland, occupied by grasses, water
parsley, and sedges. The springs are in a grassy range!end bordered to
the north and west by shrubby rangeland and to the east and south by the
lake bed of Pluvial Alkali Lake. The latest estimated tui chub population
in Hutton Springs is 450 fish (33).
Present status is in part a result of unrestricted access by cattle to
"Three-eights" Spring (formerly known to support the species but not
recently confirmed) and past access by cattle to Hutton Spring. Threats
to the populations of tui chubs include pumping of water from the springs,
which occurred in the past but is not occurring now, and contamination of
ground water by dispersal of chemicals from a herbicide-manufacturing
residue disposal site just south of Hutton Spring. Modification of the
springs (via heavy equipment - thus in turn causing other problems, such
as siltation, erosion, vegetaion cover loss, water diversion and drawdown,
etc.) has had detrimental effects on the chub population.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
A modest amount of small grains, barley, wheat, and oats, were planted in
Lake County in 1986 (30), but are not known to be grown on land immediately
adjacent to springs supporting the Hutton tui chub (Lorentzen, pers. comm.).
The focus of concern should be on rangeland chemicals given the livestock
grazing that occurs in proximity to the chub (Williams, pers. comm.).
Desert shrub/desert grasslands are the primary associated range types (11).
Cattle are known to wander into Hutton Spring proper, and Its outflow
channels, causing siltation, bank erosion, and habitat modifications adverse
to the chub (Lorentzen, pers. comm.). (At the same time cattle may benefit
the species by preventing the spring and its channels from becoming choked
with aquatic vegetation.) Nevertheless, chemical management that may occur
111-56
-------
may expose the entire chub population and all sensitive life stages given
the restrictive location of the species.
The tui chub occurs in such a restricted range and in such low numbers
that any loss due to pesticide contamination could extinguish the species.
Some use of pesticides, even in accordance with label directions, may
produce large fish kills. Even incidents Involving relatively low numbers
of fish killed could not be sustained by this species. There is virtually
no level of pollution predicted by Tables 15 and 16 for some of these
chemicals for which we could foresee survival of any tui chub.
Rangeland chemicals considered were evaluated against Agency modeling (Table
15/16; (8)) of hazard ratios for runoff/drift from"a 40-acre area into a
1-acre pond, 6 feet deep. This only grossly approximates Mutton tui chub
habitat in that the largest habitat, Hutton Spring, is much smaller but
deeper (11).
Toxicity of all these chemicals is high for tested fish species and very
high for invertebrate food sources (Section V). Hazard ratios are high to
extreme for all chemicals except methyl parathion, which is insignificant
for fish, but high for invertebrates.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): captan, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
dimethoate, malathion, methomyl, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, methyl parathion
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (captan, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
dimethoate, malathion, methomyl, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
111-57
-------
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found anfl no Incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should incidental take attributable to chemical applications and individual
Hutton tui chubs be recovered, they should be chilled immediately and the
Service's Portland Field Office contacted at (503) 231-6179. That office
will provide further guidance on final disposition of any remains.
111-58
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Slender chub (Hvbopsis cahni)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The slender chub is a small, slender minnow from the family Cyprinidae.
It feeds largely on immature benthic Insects and small snails. This chub
occurs in streams of large size, with clean gravel substrate, swift current
and alkaline water. Overall, the range of habitat conditions of the chub
comprise warm, well-oxygenated, moderate gradient, Ridge and Valley province
streams that tend to have more frequent pools than riffles and swift shoals.
One of the reasons for this species' decline has been the construction of
impoundments and siltation from strip-mining.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The slender chub is found only in the extreme upper Tennessee River
Drainage, Tennessee and Virginia. Currently it occurs in the Powell and
Clinch Rivers (52.7 and 17.4 total miles, respectively). According to
species experts, the agriculture occurring along the Clinch and Powell
Rivers within the chub's habitat is not of a suficient magnitude to greatly
impact the species. Of the forests bordering the rivers, most are managed
for food plots for deer and quail, not timber. No use of mosquito
larvicides are expected in the area. In prior Service opinions, the slender
chub was listed as being jeopardized by range, mosquito larvacide and
forestry pesticides. Agricultural pesticide clusters such as corn or crops,
were not considered detrimental to the chub. Based on the habitat
characteristics of the slender chub, the Service does not anticipate adverse
impacts to this species as a result of the use of these pesticides.
Thirty one chemicals of the 60 requested for consultation in part 1 are
considered forestry, range or mosquito larvacide chemicals. The Service
does not anticipate any adverse effects to the slender chub from the use of
these chemicals for the following reasons: large, fast flowing streams
increase the dilution factor and, consequently, the amount of pesticides
available for intake by the chub; most of the eleven pesticides listed
rapidly breakdown in alkaline waters; the limited amount of agriculture
occurring in the chub's habitat decreases the likelihood of encountering
pesticides in great enough concentrations to result in jeopardy to the
chub.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, azinphos-
111-59
-------
methyl, benomyl, blfenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrlfos, diazinon, diflubenzuron, dlmethoate,
disulfoton, ethyl parathion, fenitrothion, malathion, mancozeb, methomyl,
methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, pyrethrin,
thiophanate-methyl, triflualin, trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .ieooardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethyl parathion, fenitrothion,
malathion, mancozeb, methomyl, methoprene, methyl parathion, naled,
oxyfluorfen, phosmet, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, triflualin,
trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: Due
to the characteristics of the slender chub habitat, the likelihood of
recovering any specimens is small. Therefore, we are unable to identify
a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-60
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Sonora chub (Gila dltaenia)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART I. -
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The known Sonora chub populations in the United States presently occur
northwest of Nogales, Santa Cruz County, Arizona, in Sycamore (Bear) Canyon.
The Sonora chub is abundant to common in deep pools, which are adjacent to
protective cover such as undercut banks, boulders and tree roots. Known
habitat requirements include clean, permanent water with pools and
intermediate riffle areas, and/or intermittent pools maintained by bedrock
or subsurface flow. Preferred food includes terrestrial and aquatic insects
and algae.
Woody vegetation adjacent to Sycamore Creek includes both pinyon/juniper and
chaparral rangeland with an oak woodland forest type. Predominant riparian
trees include sycamore, willow, cottonwood, and Arizona walnut. Activities
in Sycamore Canyon are generally restricted to bird-watching, hiking and
other forms of recreation.
Most of the critical habitat for the species is located within the Gooding
Natural Research Area of the Coronado National Forest. This area was
established on July 8, 1970, to protect unique species. Consequently, the
Gooding Natural Research Area is withdrawn from mineral entry and is closed
to grazing. A portion of the critical habitat is included in a livestock
grazing allotment, but steep and rocky terrain generally precludes grazing
along the streambanks within the riparian zone of the critical habitat.
The chub is relatively secure in the small area it occupies in the United
States due to Federal ownership and special-use designation already provided
its habitats and surroundings. However, its limited distribution and
apparently narrow ecological niche make it very susceptible to any habitat
disturbances, particularly the introduction of pesticides and other toxic
pollutants. Excessive siltation from erosion and surface runoff could cause
habitat loss. Another significant threat to the Sonora chub is the
introduction of predatory exotic and nonnative fishes, parasites and
diseases. The recovery of the species is dependent upon efforts to protect
and set aside a portion of Sonora chub range in Mexico.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Although the Sonora chub currently enjoys a certain degree of protection
from the special-use designation of its habitat, its narrow geographical
range make it especially vulnerable to the adverse impacts of toxic
chemicals. There is potential for exposure of the Sonora chub to pesticides
used within its rangeland watershed, due to runoff from adjacent treated
areas.
111-61
-------
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other rangeland chemicals.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its critical
habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, captan,
methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion), if
the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, captan, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species Inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
111-62
-------
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-63
-------
SPECIES PROFILE'
SPECIES: Spotfin chub (Hvbopsis monachal
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The spotfin chub is a small minnow of the family Cyprinidae. Chubs feed
virtually entirely on immature aquatic insects. It is almost entirely a
benthic feeder. It is known only from freely flowing, large streams with
swift current and bottoms of hard gravel (rarely sand). The spotfin chub
also requires moderately alkaline waters. The chub is a crevice spawner,
depositing eggs in fissures of rubble, bedrock and probably boulders.
Natural limiting factors may be cool water, interspecific competetion, and
lact of swift surrent and small stream size. Low population density/gene
pool, typical of the chub at many sites also reduces recruitment
opportunities.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The spotfin chub is endemic to the Tennessee River drainage, North
Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. According to species experts familiar
with both the spotfin and slender chubs, there is a limited amount of
agriculture occurring within the habitat of the spotfin chub. In prior
Service opinions, the spotfin chub was listed as being jeopardized by
range, mosquito larvacide and forestry pesticides. Agricultural pesticide
clusters such as corn or crops, were not considered detrimental to the
chub. Based on the habitat characteristics of the spotfin chub, the Service
does not anticipate significant adverse impacts to this species as a result
of the use of these pesticides.
Thirty one chemicals of the 60 requested for consultation in part 1 are
considered forestry, range or mosquito larvacide chemicals. The Service
does not anticipate any adverse effects to the spotfin chub from the use
of these chemicals for the following reasons: large, fast flowing streams
increase the dilution factor and, consequently, the amount of pesticides
available for intake by the chub; most of the eleven pesticides listed
rapidly breakdown in alkaline waters; the limited amount of agriculture
occurring in the chub's habitat decreases the likelihood of encountering
pesticides in great enough concentrations to result in jeopardy to the
chub.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, azinphos-
methyl, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
111-64
-------
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
dlsulfoton, ethyl parathion, fenitrothion, malathion, mancozeb, methomyl,
methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, pyrethrin,
thiophanate-methyl, triflualin, trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethyl parathion, fenitrothion,
malathion, mancozeb, methomyl, methoprene, methyl parathion, naled,
oxyfluorfen, phosmet, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, triflualin,
trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: The
characteristics of the spotfin chub habitat limit the likelihood of
recovering any specimens.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-65
-------
SPECIES PROFILE.
SPECIES: Yaqui chub (Gila purpurea)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
In the United States, the Yaqui chub occurs only in the Rio Yaqui basin in
extreme southeastern Arizona. Black Draw and North Pond (San Bernardino
National Wildlife Refuge) and Leslie Creek (private land) harbor the largest
populations. It is also abundant in the Rio Sonora drainage of Sonora.,
Mexico.
The Yaqui chub is associated with a variety of different aquatic habitats
within the mixed shrub and brush rangeland of the Rio Yaqui basin, but
most commonly in perennial streams and spring habitats. Food consist of
algae, terrestrial and aquatic insects and arachnids and small fishes when
available.
Primary reasons for decline of the Yaqui chub include arroyo cutting,
erosion and siltation due to overgrazing, removal of riparian vegetation,
groundwater pumping, impoundments, and introduction of exotic and nonnative
species, which either compete with, prey upon or hybridize with the native
Yaqui chub. Recovery of the Yaqui chub is dependent upon successful
implementation of the Master Plan for the San Bernardino National Wildlife
Refuge. Delisting is recommended when six stable populations have been
established on the refuge and the population in Leslie Creek is secure.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge was established for the purpose of
protecting and promoting recovery of several Yaqui basin fishes. The Leslie
Creek tract has been purchased by the Nature Conservancy, and the Service
is planning to acquire it for inclusion as part of the San Bernardino refuge
complex. Nevertheless, there is potential for exposure to pesticides used
on rangelands within the watershed of the species. Primary routes of
exposure are through runoff from treated rangelands within the watershed
of the Yaqui chub at San Bernardino and Leslie Creek, although inadvertent
direct application or drift from wide area aerial spraying cannot be ruled
out.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other rangeland chemicals.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
111-66
-------
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
malathion.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, captan,
methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion), if
the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, captan, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled,
propachlor, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
111-67
-------
Should any incidental take occur where no Incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-68
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
*
SPECIES: Blackside dace (Phoxlnus cumber!andensis)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The blackside dace 1s a small fish from the family Cyprinidae. It has
been observed grazing on rocks and on sandy substrate and consumes detritus,
bacteria, phytoplankton, diatoms, algae and various Insects and spiders.
This dace inhabits small, upland streams and springs with moderate flows.
The fish is generally associated with undercut stream banks and large rocks,
and it is usually found within well vegetated watersheds with good riparian
vegetation. The areas of Kentucky and Tennessee inhabited by the fish are
rich in coal reserves and forest resources, and it is believed that impacts
associated with the development of these resources caused the loss of many
blackside dace populations.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The blackside dace is presently known from a total of 14 stream miles in
30 streams in the following counties: Bell, Harlan, Laurel, Letcher,
McCreary, Pulaski and Whitley, KY; and Campbell, Claiborne, and Scott, TN.
Agricultural development and forestry are listed as some of the factors
causing a decline in the species. This species prefers small, upland
streams and springs with moderate flows. It is most often found in
relationship with heavy riparian cover and vegetated watersheds. All 60
chemicals being reviewed in part 1 could potentially impact the blackside
dace. Even though this species has different characteristics than the
related darters, its potential for exposure and toxicity is roughly similar.
Therefore, based on available information, the Service is assuming similar
toxicities for this species as for the darters.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When data
was not available in table 18, table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate, phosmet,
profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper
111-69
-------
sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,~"disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethoprop, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methoprene,
methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
pendlmethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, propazine, sulprofos,
terbufos, terbutryn, thlodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop,
fenitrothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, Isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl,
methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits 14 miles of flowing stream. The likelihood of
recovering a specimen is very small. Population levels also flucuate
throughout the year. Therefore, we are unable to determine a level of
incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
111-70
-------
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-71
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Kendall Warm Springs dace (Rhinichthvs osculus thermal is)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Kendall Warm Springs are located on the Bridger-Teton National Forest, 31
miles north-northwest of Pinedale, Sublette County, in western Wyoming.
The spring area and short stream (984 feet) comprise the total habitat of
the Kendall Warm Springs dace. The average width of the stream is 6 feet
and a depth generally less than 1-foot.
Adult Kendall Warm Springs dace inhabit the fairly shallow pools and stream.
Plant growth within the water is necessary for escape cover and protection
from the main current. Fry also use the vegetation as nursery areas.
Spawning for this species probably occurs several times each year, and
possibly throughout the year.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Vegetation near Kendall Warm Springs includes grasses, forbes, and small
shrubs and trees such as willow, sagebrush, and aspen. Aquatic vegetation
surrounds the stream and is often very thick within the pools. Thus, the
only likely use of pesticides in the vicinity of the Kendall Warm Springs
dace is for forestry and rangelands. It is highly unlikely that mosquito
larvicides would be used in this area.
Table 11 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. Table 12 was
used for carbofuran.
Based on the use patterns that may occur near or adjacent to the habitat
of the Kendall Warm Springs dace, it is believed that 30 of the pesticides
listed in Table 1 and part 5, have a potential to impact the dace primarily
through drift of the pesticide into their shallow water habitat as well as
runoff into the habitat. Based primarily on the species distribution, known
use patterns, hazard ratios of both fish and invertebrates, the Service
believes that 27 of the 30 pesticides are likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of the Kendall Warm Springs dace.
The Service also has determined that there would not be exposure to the
Kendall Warm Springs dace from the remaining 31 pesticides in Table 1 and
part 5. This conclusion has been reached because none of the known
registered uses of those pesticides considered in this consultation are
for uses that occur near the Kendall Warm Springs dace habitat.
111-72
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the •
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper
sulfate, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, endosulfan, fenitrothion,
fenvalerate, malathion, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled,
oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, bifenox, diflubenzuron.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
copper sulfate, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, endosulfan,
fenitrothion, fenvalerate, malathion, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin,
thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-73
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Amber darter (Percina antesella)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The amber darter is a slender, small, golden-brown darter from the subgenus
Imostoma, family Percidae. Like other species of Imostoma, it appears
that the amber darter feeds on gastropods (river snails and limpets) and
aquatic insect larvae. The amber is found in silt-free, moderately flowing
deeper riffle areas or flowing pools where substrates are sand or gravel,
and cobbles or boulders. There is a seasonal change in habitat from deeper
riffle areas, or flowing pools to shallow vegetated riffles in mid-summer.
The amber darter cannot tolerate slack waters or areas with silty or muddy
substrates. Any major land use activity or change which increases siltation
or adversely alters the water flow regime could impact this species.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The amber darter occurs in the Coosa River system, in the main channels
of two headwater tributaries, the Conasauga and Etowah rivers in
southeastern Tennessee and northern Georgia. Portions of this darter's
range passes through the Cherokee and Chatahoochee National Forests.
Agricultural practices occurring along the amber darter's habitat include
corn, soybeans and cattle production. Additionally, forestry operations
occur both on private land and within the above mentioned National Forests.
Therefore, 58 of the chemicals in part 1 could potentially impact the amber
darter. Because of the similarities in habitat type, biology and physiology
of some listed fishes, similar exposure potential and toxicity is assumed
for the following species: blackside dace, amber darter, bayou darter,
boulder darter, snail darter, Conasauga logperch, and Cape Fear shiner.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When data
was not available in table 18 , table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon.
111-74
-------
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxam'yl,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals.for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methoprene, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methy1, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, propazine,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also, population levels
fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are unable to determine
a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
111-75
-------
Section II), to be actions necessary and*appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-76
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Bayou darter (Etheostoma rubrum)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Bayou darter prefers stable gravel riffles or sandstone exposure with
large sized gravel or rock, and shallow water less than 15 cm deep with
moderate to swift flow located in meander sections of streams. The Bayou
darter is believed to feed on insect larvae, spiders, and centipeds. The
major cause for decline of this species is gravel mining, clearing of
riparian vegetation, cultivation of river bank, road and bridge construction
and construction and maintenance of transmission line corridors.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The bayou darter is endemic to 60 km of stream in the Bayou Pierre system
in southwestern Mississippi. Cropland, pastureland and forestry practices
occur within this watershed. Because of the similarities in habitat type,
biology and physiology, similar exposure potential and toxicity is assumed
for the following species; blackside dace, amber darter, bayou darter,
boulder darter, snail darter, Conasauga logperch, and Cape Fear shiner.
Table 18 was used to determine hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When
data was unavailable in table 18, table 12 was used instead.
All 60 pesticides could potentially impact the bayou darter, either through
drift, runoff or direct application.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate, phosmet,
profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorothithioate, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper
sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethoprop, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb,
methomyl, methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trif1uralin.
111-77
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated* to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop,
fenitrothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl,
methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrln, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also, population levels
fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are unable to determine
a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
Implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-78
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Boulder darter (Etheostoma rNothonothusl SSD.)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1 - .
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The boulder darter is an undescribed species in the subgenus Nothonotos.
It attains a maximum length of 3 inches and is olive gray in color. Because
of the species' rarity its biology is largely unknown. The species decline
has resulted primarily from habitat alteration associated with water
impoundment.
The boulder darter is presently known from only about 25 miles of the lower
Elk River system in Giles County, Tennessee, and Limestone County, Alabama.
It inhabits fast moving water over boulder substrate. The distribution of
this fish is discontinuous over the 25 mile river reach. Host of the land
adjacent to this species' limited habitat is privately owned.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The boulder darter could potentially be impacted by all 60 chemicals in
part 1. Due to the species limited distribution, any factor that adversely
modifies habitat or water quality in the short river reach it now inhabits
could further threaten its survival. Because of the similarities in habitat
type, biology and physiology, similar exposure potential and toxicity is
assumed for the following species: blackside dace, amber darter, bayou
darter, boulder darter, snail darter, Conasauga logperch, and Cape Fear
shiner.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When data
were not available in table 18, table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate, phosmet,
profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper
sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethoprop, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
111-79
-------
pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, propazine, sulprofos,
terbufos, terbutryn, thlodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trlfluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion,
naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, propazine,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also, population levels
fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are unable to determine
a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-80
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
•
SPECIES: Fountain darter (Etheostoma fonticolal
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESRIPTION:
The fountain darter occurs in headsprings and runs of the San Marcos River
in the vicinity of San Marcos, Hays County, Texas. The San Marcos River
arises in a series of springs along the Balcones Fault Zone. The second
largest spring system in Texas, the San Marcos springs have historically
exhibited the greatest flow dependability and environmental stability of
any spring system in the southwestern United States. The San Marcos Spring
ecosystem, including its spring run, the San Marcos River, has a greater
known diversity of aquatic organisms than any other ecosystem in the
Southwest-. Many of the species found here are endemic and restricted to a
few kilometers of the spring run.
The San Marcos ecosystem is in a precarious situation due to a variety of
factors, including increased human use of the aquifer, increased
urbanization in the San Marcos region, resulting in increases in flood
intensity, pollution, recreational use and alteration of the river.
In addition to inhabiting the San Marcos River, the fountain darter also is
found in the Comal River, which begins at numerous springs collectively
called Comal Springs that originate from the Edwards Aquifer within the
City of New Braunfels, Comal County, Texas. The fountain darter has very
narrow habitat requirements which include clear, clean, thermally constant
flowing water, an undisturbed stream bottom with riffles and pools, mats
of filamentous algae for cover, a food supply of living invertebrates, and
protection from severe floods.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Pesticides have been identified as potentially causing adverse impacts to
the fountain darter. Controlling or restricting the use of pesticides
has been suggested as one means by which to promote its recovery. Because
of the urban land use in the immediate vicinity of San Marcos and the
prevalence of rangeland cover types in the surrounding area, including
the recharge zone of the Edwards Aquifer, the potential exists for exposure
of the species to rangeland pesticides and mosquito larvicides. For
rangeland pesticides, probable routes of exposure are runoff within the
surface drainage basin and percolation from the aquifer recharge area.
For larvicides, direct application and drift are the most likely route of
exposure.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other chemicals except mosquito larvicides (Table
9).
111-81
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): atrazlne, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, ethyl parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, captan, methomyl,
methoprene.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .ieopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .ieopardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, captan, methomyl, methoprene.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen 1s very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
Implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
111-82
-------
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-83
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Leopard darter (Percina oantherina)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The leopard darter is endemic to the Little River system in southeastern
Oklahoma and southwestern Arkansas, including the counties of Howard, Polk
and Sevier in Arkansas, and Le Flore, McCurtain and Pushmataha in Oklahoma.
Since 1977, this species has been studied extensively in the Glover Creek
drainage with sporadic observations outside this drainage. Surrounding
land types include forest lands (oak-hickory, pine-oak, long-leaf/slash
and loblolly/ short-leaf pine) and agriculture (hay, pasture, cattle
ranches and chicken production). Past agricultural crops have included
cotton.
Leopard darters have been collected in both riffles and runs, but show a
preference for pools. Leopard darters spawn in riffles during spring.
Substrates where the species is found range from gravel and rubble to
bedrock, but rubble and boulders are preferred. Water quality is good in
streams where leopard darters are found. Primary food items include
insects and other aquatic invertebrates.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Threats to the species include impacts from silviculture, gravel mining
operations, agriculture and industry. The use of pesticides and fertilizers
also have the potential of severe habitat degradation, impacts on food supply
and direct effects on the species itself. Although not specifically mentioned
in the Recovery Plan, options concerning habitat management and protection may
include controlling the use of pesticides in surrounding agricultural areas.
Because of the species' association with forest habitats, and the limited
amount of cropland within its range, we anticipate exposure to pesticides
will be limited to those registered for use on forests and rangelands,
including hay fields and pasture. The primary routes of exposure would be
through runoff and drift from adjacent treated areas. Exposure to
mosquito larvicides is also possible, through direct application to the
aquatic environment.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available. Table
14 was used for all other chemicals except mosquito larvicides (Table 9).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
111-84
-------
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each
of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl,
carbophenthion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethyl parathion,
malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, mancozeb,
methoprene, oxyfluorfen, oxydemeton-methyl, phosmet, propachlor, thiophanate-
methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenthion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethyl parathion, malathion,
methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does
not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental
take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil,
diflubenzuron, mancozeb, methoprene, oxyfluorfen, oxydemeton-methyl, phosmet,
propachlor, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is not
possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
111-85
-------
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,-
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-86
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Maryland darter (Etheostoma sell are)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Maryland darter 1s a small member of the freshwater perch family.
Its only known permanent population occurs In a single riffle 1n Deer
Creek near the Stafford road crossing In Harford County, Maryland. It has
also been recorded occasionally In Gashey's Run near Aberdeen, Maryland.
Because of the extreme rarity of the Maryland darter, little is known of
the specifics of its life history and habitat requirements. Like many
other darters, it evidently prefers rock crevices and similar shelters in
clean, well-oxygenated, swiftly flowing parts of streams: the riffle
habitat.
Analysis of gut contents indicates that the Maryland darter feeds on
snails, caddisfly larvae, stonefly nymphs and mayflies. Specific
spawning sites of Maryland darters have not been located. High and turbid
water conditions typical of lower Deer Creek during the spring make
collecting and observation of breeding darters difficult. Spawning is
believed to occur in late April or early May, but no specimens have
actually been taken during the reproductive period.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses immediately adjacent to (or a short distance upstream of)
the Maryland darter's habitat include forest and pasture. Forest (mixed
hardwood) and rangeland pesticides may come into contact with the Maryland
darter by drifting into Deer Creek or Gashey's Run in close proximity to
the darter's habitat. Table 13 (Drift from a 10-acre drainage area
into a 1-acre pond of 3-foot depth) was used to determine hazard ratios
for forest and rangeland pesticides.
For croplands, which occur farther away from the darter's habitats,
Table 18 (Runoff-Pond/stream model-stream 1) was used, whenever possible,
to derive hazard ratios for non-forest/rangeland pesticides used on crops;
otherwise Table 14 was used. Most jeopardy findings for the darter were
based primarily on the fish hazard ratios and other factors affecting the
fish directly. However, for the following chemicals, toxicity to food
organisms was a key factor: dimethoate, ethion, fenamiphos, methyl
parathon, mevinphos, and trichlorfon.
111-87
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each
of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion,
methidathion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, phorate, propachlor,
terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the
continued existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: aldicarb, acephate, atrazine,
bifenox, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, permethrin, phosmet, phosphamidon, propargite, propazine,
pyrethrin, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species '
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion,
methidathion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, phorate, propachlor,
terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin}, if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
aldicarb, atrazine, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, methomyl, pendimethalin,
permithrin, phosmet, phosphamidon, propargite, pyrethrin, sulprofos,
terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl.
This level of take (in the form of harm) is unquantifiable as it is
anticipated to represent sublethal effects. All of these chemicals have
fish hazard ratios greater than one and/or invertebrate hazard ratios
greater than 10.
111-88
-------
The Service considers the reasonable and-prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both'listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize this
take. For these chemicals the Service does not anticipate any incidental
take in the form of lethal toxicity to adult darters, and no such take is
authorized. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information
triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-89
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Niangua darter (Etheostoma nianouael
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Niangua darter has a highly localized distribution in the Osage River
basin of the Ozark Region in west-central Missouri. Nymphs of stoneflies
comprise most of the diet of the Niangua darter and spawning occurs in mid
April. All known populations are in steams of the Salem Plateau, having
gradients of 3 to 21 feet per mile. Most collections are from localities
where the local relief ranges between 150 and 250 feet. The streams are
characterized as medium sized, moderately clear upland creeks draining hilly
topography underlain by bedrock consisting principally of chert-bearing
dolomites.
The habitats are found in areas which are primarily forested with small farms
and relatively sparce population. Principle threats to the species as
identified by the Recovery Plan include conversion of woodlands to pasture,
increased sedimentation and nutrient enrichment, reservoir construction,
channelization, and introduction of non-native fish species to the watershed.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Primary concerns of pesticides focus on the potential of drift or runoff at
the habitat sites and the effects on food sources. As there are several
discrete populations, most concerns can be avoided if buffer areas are
established consisting of 20 yards for direct application and 100 yards for
aerial applications extending upstream one half mile.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those instances
where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a and 19b were
utilized.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of
these chemicals in Section II): chlorpyrifos.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse modification
of its critical habitat are: atrazine, azinphos-methyl, bifenox, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, diazinon, dicofol, disulfoton, endosulfan,
ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenvalerate, isofenphos, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, naled, oxamyl, permethrin, phosmet, propazine, pyrethrin,
sulprofos, terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
111-90
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is anticipated;
For chlorpyrifos, if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
azinphos-methyl, bifenox, carbaryl, carbophenothion, diazinon, dicofol,
disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenvalerate,
isofenphos, mevinphos, permethrin, phosmet, pyrethrin, terbufos,
trichlorfon, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: The Niangua
darter is a secretive fish occurring in fast flowing water. The chances of
finding an incidentally take fish is very remote.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-91
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Okaloosa darter (Etheostoma okaloosae)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Okaloosa darter Is a small, perch-like fish from the family Percidae. It
feeds on midges, mayflies and caddisflies. The primary spawning period is
late April or early May. The Okaloosa darter prefers cool, fast flowing
streams with clear water. The bottoms are mostly sand, with detritus
collecting in areas along edges. Darter streams are heavily shaded over most
of their courses. They also prefer areas with aquatic vegetation. The main
reason for decline of the Okaloosa darter is interspecific competetion with
the brown darter.
»
»
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Okaloosa darter occurs in Okaloosa and Walton counties, Florida. Of the
113,000 acres that comprise this species' watershed, only 12,000 acres occur
on private land. The remaining acreage occurs on Eglin Air Force Base. No
agricultural practices occur on Eglin AFB in Okaloosa darter habitat.
Additionally, the 12,000 acres of habitat in public ownership is made up of
the cities of Niceville and Valpariso. Therefore, the Service does not
anticipate this species to be exposed to agricultural or rangeland pesticides.
The only pesticide clusters that have the potential of impacting the darter
are the forestry and mosquito larvacide clusters.
Table 18 was used to determine the hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When
data was unavailable from table 18, table 19B was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathion, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, disulfoton, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, mancozeb, methomyl,
methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin,
thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species habitat.
111-92
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no Incidental take Is anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathlon, trlchlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed 1n Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result 1n any Incidental take of
the species. Accordingly, no incidental take 1s authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton,
fenitrothion, fensulfothion, mancozeb, methomyl, methoprene, methyl
parathion, naled, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-
methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: Due to
its small size, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Also, population levels fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we
are unable to determine a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-93
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Slackwater darter (Etheoatoma boschunoi)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The slackwater darter occurs in two distinctly different, but necessarily
adjacent habitats: non-breeding and breeding. Non-breeding habitat is made
up of small to moderately large streams with slow current. They are found
on gravel infiltered with silt, on silt and mud, or on a combination of
these. They show a preference for accumulations of detritus. Breeding
habitat is made up of slow-moving seepage water in open fields or pastures
and woods. The slackwater darter's diet consists of zooplankton, crustaceans
and insects. Siltation resulting from forest clearing is probably the single
most significant factor in altering the abundance and distribution of the
slackwater darter.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The slackwater darter occurs in Cypress Creek, Swan Creek and Flint River in
Alabama; and the Cypress Creek and Buffalo River in Tennessee. Additionally,
the breeding habitat of the slackwater darter is slow moving seepage water in
open fields or pastures and woods. During this time, the species is especially
vulnerable to impacts from pesticides. All of the 60 chemicals in part 1 could
potentially impact the darter by drift or
runoff into occupied streams, direct application to breeding habitat or
physical disturbance of breeding habitat during pesticide application.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When data was
not available in table 18, table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dirrotophos,
disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, oxydemeton-methyl, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet,
profenofos, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, bifenox,
chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diuron,
111-94
-------
ethoprop, fenitrothion, isofenphos, mancozeb; methoprene, naled, nitrapyrin,
oxamyl, oxyfluorfen, phosphamidon, propazine', sulprofos, thiodicarb,
trifluralin.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no Incidental take Is anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
dicrotophos, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, methomyl,
methyl parathion, mevinphos, oxydemeton-methyl, pendimethalin, permethrin,
phorate, phosmet, profenofos, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-
tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, bifenox, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate,
dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diuron, ethoprop, fenitrothion,
isofenphos, mancozeb, methoprene, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxyfluorfen,
phosphamidon, propazine, sulprofos, thiodicarb, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: Due to
its small size, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Also, population levels fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are
unable to determine a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-95
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Snail darter (Percina tanasi)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The snail darter is a small, bottom-dwelling percid fish. The most important
component of the adult snail darter's diet is aquatic gastropods. Adult
snail darters prefer clean, gravel-sand shoals for feeding and almost
certainly require shoals that are relatively shallow or have a significant
current for successful reproduction. Survival of eggs and larval young is
dependant upon slackwater habitats such as deep pools or basins downstream
from the spawning sites. The primary factor limiting snail darter
population size and numbers is the lack of suitable preferred habitats. The
reason for the present staus of the snail darter is habitat destruction.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The snail darter is presently known to occur in a few localities in the
Tennessee River and some large tributaries in southeastern Tennessee, NE
Alabama and NW Georgia. All types of agriculture, including forestry and
cattle production, occur within the habitat of the snail darter. Therefore,
this species has the potential of being exposed to all of the 60 chemicals
in part 1. Because of the similarities in habitat type, biology and
physiology, similar exposure potential and toxicity is assumed for the
following species: blackside dace, amber darter, bayou darter, boulder
darter, snail darter, Conasauga logperch and Cape Fear shiner.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratio information on freshwater fish.
When data was unavailable in table 18, table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, profenofos,
pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper
sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethoprop, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl,
methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
111-96
-------
oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, propazine,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodlcarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take 1s anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothlon,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethlon, ethyl parathion, fenamlphos, fensulfothion,
malathlon, methldathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate, phosmet,
profenofos, pyrethrln, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trlchlorfon), if
the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in
any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop,
fenitrothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl,
methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite,
propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: Due to
its small size, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Also, population levels fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are
unable to determine a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-97
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Watercress darter (Etheostoma nuchale)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The watercress darter presently occurs 1n two springs In the Hall's Creek
and one spring In the Village Creek watersheds of the upper Black Warrior
River system In Jefferson County, Alabama. This species occurs entirely
within the urban limits of Birmingham, AL.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The watercress darter is found only in spring basins, spring fed ponds, and
the runs jmd creeks issuing from them. These springs and runs have bottoms
of chert gravel in the areas of swifter current and silt 1n the areas of
little current. This darter is dependent upon the presence of submerged
aquatic vegetation for shelter from predators and egg deposition sites.
Very little information is available on the food habits of the watercress
darter, but it is assumed that they consume aquatic Insects and
microcrustaceans. The reason for decline of this species is disruption and
pollution of the aquifers that the springs are dependent upon.
The greatest threat to the species is from urban development, not impacts from
agricultural pesticides. No agricultural or forestry practices occur within
watercress darter habitat. The only potential impact to the species is from
the use of mosquito larvicide. However, the use of these chemicals is not
expected to seriously jeopardize the continued existence of the species.
The only chemicals, of the 60 in part 1, that could be potentially toxic to
the watercress darter are those chemicals used as mosquito larvicide.
However, none of those chemicals are likely to result in a jeopardy to the
species.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion,
malathion, methyl parathion, naled, pyrethrum.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species habitat.
111-98
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of Incidental take to occur:
chlorpyrifos, dlazinon, ethyl parathion, malathlon, methyl parathion,
naled, pyrethrum.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: Due to
its small size, the likelihood of recovering a specimen 1s very small.
Also, population levels fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are
unable to determine a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
111-99
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Big Bend gambusia (Gambusia qaioel)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1, 4 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Big Bend gambusia is known only from spring habitats in the vicinity of
Boquillas Crossing and Rio Grande Village in Big Bend National Park, Brewster
County, Texas. Areas immediately adjacent to its habitats are used for
campgrounds within Big Bend National Park. The surrounding rangeland is
classified as Texas savanna.
The Big Bend gambusia appears to be best adapted to warm stenothermal,
flowing water with dense aquatic vegetation. It is able to coexist with
introduced mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, only under these conditions and is
rapidly replaced by the mosquitofish under eurythermal conditions. Like
other Poeciliids, the Big Bend gambusia probably feeds on insect larvae and
other aquatic invertebrates.
The primary threats to the taxon include declining spring flow from
groundwater drawdown or diversion for further park development, changes in
outflow temperature, and competition with the introduced mosquitofish.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Although pesticide use has not been specifically identified as a cause of its
decline or as a factor in its recovery, its proximity to an area of locally
intense human use and its dependence upon mosquito larvae and other aquatic
invertebrates as a food source, make it vulnerable to adverse effects from
the use of mosquito larvicides and rangeland pesticides in its restricted
habitat. Because the only known population of this species occurs on Big
Bend National Park, Administered by the Department of the Interior, National
Park Service, it is not likely to be exposed to a broad spectrum of
pesticides; however, the Service cannot preclude the possibility of use of
any pesticides registered for use on rangelands or as mosquito larvicides.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available. Table
14 was used for all other chemicals except mosquito larvicides (Table 9).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion,
malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
III-100
-------
Pesticides that may affect but are not likeTy to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, captan, methomyl, methoprene.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion,
malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin, trichlorfon), if
the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in
any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, captan, methomyl, methoprene.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is not
possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .ieopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-101
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Clear Creek gambusia (Gambusia heterochir)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Clear Creek gambusia occurs in the headsprings of Clear Creek, Nenard
County, 16.7 kilometers west of Menard, Texas. The headwaters of Clear Creek
consist of a series of springs (Wilkinson Springs) originating from the
Edwards Aquifer and issuing from the base of a limestone cliff. The
watershed emptying into Clear Creek is extremely limited, encompassing about
ten hectares and forming intermittent streams which discharge into Clear
Creek downstream from the head pool.
The habitat of the Clear Creek gambusia consists of stenothermal spring
environments with dense growths of Ceratophvl1 urn and Ludweqia. The amphipod
Hvalella texana represents 80 percent of the diet of adult gambusia in Clear
Creek. It is presumed that other prey would be taken in proportion to their
availability.
The presumed primary cause of the restricted distribution of the Clear Creek
gambusia was construction of an earthen dam, three kilometers east of the
headsprings which backs eurythermal water to the base of the dam forming the
headspring pool. Subsequent competition and hybridization with introduced
nonnative mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, has reduced the range of the
species from three kilometers of stream to the present two ponded areas.
Additional threats to the taxon include reductions in spring flow and
riparian development activities (e.g. resort housing) that introduce silt,
pesticides and herbicides into the spring pool. It is essential that the
Edwards-Trinity Aquifer recharge zone, which appears to be in ranchland
north and west of the headspring, remain undisturbed. The Recovery Plan for
the species suggests the headspring pool and the aquifer recharge zone be
protected and use of pesticides known to be detrimental to the Clear Creek
gambusia be controlled to further its recovery.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Because of its association with rangelands and its dependence upon a healthy
invertebrate prey base, the Clear Creek gambusia is vulnerable to the adverse
impacts from pesticides registered for rangeland uses. Exposure to mosquito
larvicides could occur through direct application to the headsprings, pools
and springruns within the species' habitat. The probable routes of
contamination for rangeland pesticides is surface runoff within the watershed
and percolation into the Edwards Aquifer from applications within the aquifer
recharge zone. For mosquito larvicides, direct application is the most
likely route of exposure.
III-102
-------
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available. Table
14 was used for all other chemicals except mosquito larvicides (Table 9).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpryifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, captan, methomyl, methoprene.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .ieopardv was found and no incidental take is anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpryifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section
II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, captan, methomyl, methoprene.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is not
possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
III-103
-------
-------
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-104
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Pecos gambusia (Gambusia nobilis)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Pecos gambusia is endemic to the Pecos River Basin in Texas and New
Mexico. It currently occurs in four separate areas: Bitter Lake National
Wildlife Refuge, Chaves County, New Mexico; Blue Spring, Eddy County, New
Mexico; Phantom Lake Spring in easternmost Jeff Davis County, Giffen and East
Sandia Springs, Reeves County, and Leon Creek, Pecos County, Texas.
The Pecos gambusia occurs abundantly in stenothermal springheads and spring
runs, with or without dense cover. It also occurs in moderate abundance in
open gypsum sinkholes and areas with little spring influence but abundant
overhead cover or dense aquatic vegetation, such as sedge-covered marshes.
Occasionally individuals are taken in irrigation ditches, especially in the
Balmorhea Spring area. Lands surrounding its known habitats are classified
as Texas savanna and shrub/brush rangelands. In addition, there are
agricultural crops of corn, cotton, small grains, alfalfa and pecans grown
within the range of the Pecos gambusia.
Like other Poeciliids, the Pecos gambusia is considered to be a carnivorous
surface feeder. It consumes relatively more amphipods than do coexisting
fishes. It also consumes a variety of other small invertebrates and
occasionally filamentous algae. The species appears to be an opportunistic
feeder, consuming whichever prey is in greatest abundance.
The Pecos gambusia is threatened by loss of habitat and competition from non-
native fish species, especially nonnative gambusia. Agricultural development
and flood control have depleted natural flow in the Pecos River, and limits
dispersal of G. nobilis between tributaries and springs. Competition,
predation, and hybridization with non-native species have been identified as
major factors affecting the abundance and distribution of the Pecos gambusia.
Pecos gambusia are less abundant where cogenors such as the nonnative
mosquitofish, G. affinis. have a competitive advantage. However, £. nobilis
competes successfully in habitats which have reliable, swift, stenothermal
f1ows.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Pecos gambusia is vulnerable to toxic effects of pesticides within its
occupied range, as well as to the impacts of pesticides on its invertebrate
prey base. The areas in which this species is found are susceptible to the
application of pesticides for control of cropland and rangeland insects and
mosquito larvae. Probable routes of exposure are runoff for agricultural
pesticides, runoff and percolation to groundwater for rangeland pesticides, and
direct application and drift for mosquito larvicides.
III-105
-------
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available. Table
14 was used for all other chemicals except mosquito larvicides (Table 9).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, bensulide, carbaryl, carbophenthion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion,
malathion, methyl parathion, methomyl, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin,
phorate, profenofos propachlor, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion, methoprene, nitrapyrin,
oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phosmet, phosphamidon,
propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, bensulide, carbaryl, carbophenthion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
pendimethalin, phorate, profenofos, propachlor, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take of
the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbofuran,
chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, disulfoton,
diuron, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenfos,
mancozeb, methidathion, methoprene, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phosmet, phosphamidon, propargite, propazine,
sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
III-106
-------
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels fluctuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is not
possible to determine a specific level of Incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any Incidental take from pesticides
occur, such a finding would constitute significant new information triggering
the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-107
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: San Marcos gambusia (Gambusia aeorqel)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The San Marcos gambusia occurs in the headsprings of the San Marcos River in
the vicinity of San Marcos, Hays County, Texas. The San Marcos River arises
in a series of springs along the Balcones Fault Zone. The second largest
spring system in Texas, the springs at San Marcos have historically exhibited
the greatest flow dependability and environmental stability of any spring
system in the southwestern United States. The San Marcos Spring ecosystem,
including its spring run, the San Marcos River, has a greater known diversity
of aquatic organisms than any other ecosystem in the Southwest. Many of the
species found here are endemic and restricted to a few kilometers of the
spring run.
The San Marcos ecosystem is in a precarious situation due to a variety of
factors, including increased human use of aquifer waters, increased
urbanization in the San Marcos region, resulting in increases in flood
intensity, pollution, recreational use and alteration of the river.
The San Marcos gambusia prefers quiet waters adjacent to sections of faster
moving, thermally consistent waters. Habitats are generally shallow with
muddy but not silted substrates. Shade from overhanging vegetation and/or
bridge structures is one factor common to all localities where San Marcos
gambusia have been found. Few localities along the upper San Marcos River
have all the necessary habitat components of the San Marcos gambusia. The
San Marcos gambusia has not been collected for over ten years, and it is
probable that this species is extinct. Nevertheless, until the species is
delisted, the Service must consider any potential Impacts to the species
which may result from the use of pesticides within its historic range.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Pesticides have been identified as potentially causing adverse impacts to the
San Marcos gambusia. Controlling or restricting the use of pesticides has been
suggested as one means by which to promote its recovery. Because of the urban
land use in the immediate vicinity of San Marcos and the prevalence of rangeland
cover types in the surrounding area, including the recharge zone of the Edwards
Aquifer, the potential exists for exposure of the species to rangeland pesticides
and mosquito larvicides. For rangeland pesticides, probable routes of exposure
are runoff within the surface drainage basin and percolation from the aquifer
recharge area. For larvicides, direct application and drift are the most likely
routes of
exposure.
III-108
-------
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available. Table
14 was used for all other chemicals except mosquito larvicides (Table 9).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the •
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each
of these chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, captan, methomyl,
methoprene.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion,
malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin, trichlorfon),
if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will
result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, captan, methomyl, methoprene.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is not
possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any
incidental take from pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute
significant new information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-109
-------
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-110
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
*
SPECIES: Conasauga logperch (Percina .ienkinsi)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Conasauga logperch is a medium-sized, slender logperch of the subgenus
Percina. Like other logperches, it feeds by flipping small stones with
its snout and consuming aquatic invertebrates. It is most often found in
deep runs or moderate to swiftly flowing pools. Substrates in its
preferred habitat have been described as mixed cobble, gravel, sand and
vegetation. Seasonally, however, (during the spring reproductive period)
the Conasauga logperch may also be found in swift, shallow gravel shoal
areas. Any major land use activity or change which increases siltation or
alters the water flow regime could be detrimental to the species.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Conasauga logperch is restricted to approximately 11 miles of the main
channel of the upper Conasauga River in Polk and Bradley counties,
Tennessee, and Murray and Whitfield counties, Georgia. A portion of this
species' range falls within the Cherokee and Chatahoochee National Forests.
Agricultural practices occurring in the area include corn, soybeans and
cattle production. Additionally, forestry practices occur in the National
Forests and on privately owned property within this habitat. Therefore,
all 60 chemicals could potentially impact the Conasauga logperch. Because
of the similarities in habitat type, biology and physiology of some listed
fishes, similar exposure potential and toxicity have been assumed for the
following species: blackside dace, amber darter, bayou darter, boulder
darter, snail darter, Conasauga logperch and Cape Fear shiner.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When data
was not available in table 18 , table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
Ill-Ill
-------
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .leopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion,
naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, propazine,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also population levels
fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are unable to determine
a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
III-112
-------
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-113
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Scioto madtom (Noturus trauttnani)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1, 3 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Historically, the Scioto madtom has been found at only one locality, Big
Darby Creek, one mile south of Fox, Ohio and 30-60 meters upstream from
State Route 104. Responding to your question in request part 3, the Service
acknowledges this species has not been found since the late 1950's.
However, because of the reclusive nature of madtoms and the difficulties
inherent in surveys for this group, we are reluctant at this time to
declare the species extinct.
The area surrounding the species habitat is largely forested, interspersed
with farms that produce a variety of products. The river is designated by
the State as a wild river and hence provides some protection to water
quality. The State has initiated a limited landowner contact program to
further protection of the watershed, but efforts need to be increased.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Because the species existance is focused on only one small habitat, the
Service believes maximum protection should be provided. This protection
can be achieved through user education and a landowner contact program
which will seek voluntary commitment to provide protection to the species.
As a result of discussions with Agency personnel, the Service has indication
the Agency is willing to initiate a user education and landowner contact
program targeted to develop agreements which would provide species'
protection. The Service agrees with this approach and believes jeopardy
can be avoided and incidental take minimized if all of the land base at
the location of the madtom, extending upstream one half mile, is protected
through agreements between the Agency, the Service and the landowner.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: aminocarb, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox,
biphenthrin, bufencarb, campechlor, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, cuprous oxide, cypermethrin,
demeton, diazinon, dichlorprop, dichlorvos, dicofol, dinoseb, disulfoton,
endrin, EPN, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenthion, fensulfothion,
III-114
-------
fenvalerate, fluchloralin, flucythrlnate, fonofos, isofenphos, methoxychlor,
methyl parathion, naled, phosmet, profluralin, propargite, propazine,
prophenphos, sulprofos, temephos, terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
aminocarb, benomyl, bufencarb, campechlor, carbaryl, carbofuran,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, cuprous oxide,
cypermethrin, demeton, diazinon, dichlorprop, dichlorvos, dicofol,
dinoseb, disulfoton, endrin, EPN, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion,
fenthion, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fluchloralin, flucythrinate,
fonofos, isofenphos, methoxychlor, phosmet, profluralin, propargite,
prophenphos, temephos, terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species is a bottom dweller that does not lend itself to surveys. The
chance of finding a dead fish is very remote.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-115
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Smoky madtom (Noturus ballevl)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The smoky madtom Is a small madtom catfish. Aquatic Insect larvae account
for the bulk of their diet. From late May to early November, smoky madtoms
occur in all parts of riffles, especially riffle crests. From early
November to late May, they occur in shallow pools. They are found under
flat, palm-sized rocks, called slabrocks, to the exclusion of other
species.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The smoky madtom occurs only in Citico Creek, Monroe County, Tennessee.
All but the lower 1.0 km of its range is within the Cherokee National
Forest. No agricultural activities occur within the smoky madtom's range.
Forestry practices in the National Forest may have a detrimental effect on
the species including the use of forestry pesticides. The federally
threatened yellowfin madtom occurs in the same habitat as the smoky madtom
but in much greater numbers and over a wider range. However, it is safe to
assume that, due to the similarity of the species and their habitats, the
smoky madtom has the same potential for exposure to forestry chemicals as
the yellowfin madtom. Smoky madtoms, like most madtoms rely on
chemoreception for survival, any changes in the water quality could
detrimentally affect the species survival.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When
information was available on catfish that was used instead. When data was
not available from table 18, table 12 was used. Only those chemicals
listed as forestry or range chemicals were reviewed for toxicity.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
carbaryl, diazinon, ethyl parathion, malathion, permethrin, phorate,
profenofos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, bensulide,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
III-116
-------
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, fenvalerate, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl,
methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
phosmet, propazine, pyrethrin, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl, '
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl, diazinon,
ethyl parathion, malathion, permethrin, phorate, profenofos,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diflubenzuron,
disulfoton, fenvalerate, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxydemeton-methy1, oxyfluorfen, phosmet,
propazine, pyrethrin, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also population levels
fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are unable to determine
a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-117
-------
SPECIES PROFILE-
SPECIES: Yellowfin madtom (Noturus flavipinnisl
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The yellowfln madtom Is a small madtom catfish from the family Ictaluridae.
This species feeds almost exclusively on aquatic Insect larvae, although
crustaceans may also be consumed. As with most madtom species, yellowfln
madtoms are nocturnal. Yellowfln madtoms can live to three or four years
and are reproductive!y mature at two years old.
This species Is an Inhabitant of pools and backwaters of small to moderate-
sized streams. They are diurnally associated with cover, presumably near
the stream bank beneath bedrock ledges or tree roots. During spring, summer
and fall, the adult madtoms are nocturnally associated with open benthic
areas or under cover during their nightime forages. Current limiting
factors for yellowfin madtoms are apparently suitable pool areas free of
pollution and silt.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The yellowfin madtom occurs in three geographically isolated populations
in Claiborne, Hancock and Monroe counties, Tennessee and in Scott and
Russell counties, Virginia. Two of the three known populations occur on
creeks and rivers that are surrounded by agriculture (Powell River and
Copper Creek). The remaining population in Citico Creek, runs through
Cherokee National Forest where no agriculture occurs. The National Forest
is managing its forests along Citico Creek for the protection of the
yellowfin madtom and harmful pesticides are not used in the area. The
potential for yellowfin madtoms to be exposed to agricultural pesticides is
greatest in the Powell River and Copper Creek populations. The Citico
Creek population is not impacted by agricultural pesticides but may be
affected by forestry pesticides. Yellowfin madtoms, like most madtoms rely
on chemoreception for survival, any changes in the water quality could
detrimentally affect the species survival.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When
information was available on catfish that was used Instead. When data was
not available from table 18, table 12 was used. All 60 pesticides could
potentially impact the yellowfin madtom, either through drift, runoff or
direct application.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
III-118
-------
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, '.
ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-
methyl, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that »ay affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine,
bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate,
dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethoprop, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb,
methomyl, methoprene, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propargite,
propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin,
thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of Incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran,
chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop, fenitrothion, fenvalerate,
fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methoprene, methyl parathion,
naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methy1, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbufos,
terbutryn, thiodicarb, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also population levels
III-119
-------
fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are unable to determine
a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any Incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no Incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-120
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Loach minnow (Tiaroaa cobitisl
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The loach minnow occurs in mid-elevation (600-2200 meters), cool to
warmwater, low-gradient streams and rivers in the Q.ila River basin. It is
a Gila River endemic that formerly occupied larger-streams and rivers
throughout much of the Gila River basin upstream from the Salt-Gila River
confluence in Arizona, New Mexico and Sonora, Mexico.
Present distribution of the loach minnow is reduced. Populations in Arizona
are known only from reaches of Aravaipa Creek, the White River (including
its East £nd North Forks), and the Blue and San Francisco Rivers.
Populations in New Mexico are known only from reaches of the Gila River
(including its East, West and Middle Forks), the San Francisco River, and
Tularosa, Whitewater and Dry Blue Creeks. These streams flow through a
variety of riparian habitats ranging from ponderosa pine-dominated upstream
reaches to Chihuahuan and Sonoran desert scrub at lower elevations. A
large portion of the population occurs on land managed by the U.S. Bureau
of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service (Apache National Forest and Gila
National Forest) and the Fort Apache (White Mountain) Indian Reservation.
Riparian vegetation along streams where the species is found includes
willow, cottonwood, sycamore and a variety of shrubs, grasses and sedges.
Loach minnows inhabit only perennial, well-aerated lotic habitats of
moderate temperature and velocity. Loach minnows are primarily carnivorous
and feed on a variety of aquatic invertebrates, mostly insect larvae, thus
it is important that a large and healthy invertebrate community be
maintained, especially in the late spring and early summer when large
numbers of larval fish are present.
Reasons for the decline of the loach minnow include habitat destruction
due to loss or modification of surface water flows by impoundment and
diversion, and groundwater pumping, and accelerated erosion due to livestock
overgrazing and large-scale clear-cut timber removal. Importation of
nonnative species placed a further strain on remaining populations of the
loach minnow through competitive and/or predatory interactions. The recovery
of the species depends, in part, on controlling or restricting the use of
pesticides within its range.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The loach minnow is most susceptible to exposure to pesticides registered
for use on forests and range!ands, where most of its habitat occurs. The
Cliff-Gila Valley of New Mexico, however, is an agricultural area, where
the potential exists for contamination of the species' habitat by
III-121
-------
agricultural chemicals, as well. The loach minnow population in Aravaipa
Creek is also downstream from an agricultural area. The most likely routes
of exposure to cropland and rangeland chemicals are through runoff and
drift from adjacent treated areas. Hazard ratios of chemicals for which a
stream model was available were taken from Table 18. Otherwise, Table 14
data were used. Direct application and drift are likely routes of exposure
for forest chemicals and mosquito larvicides; for these Table 9 data were
used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phorate, phosmet, profenfos, propachlor,
pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon,
trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, bifenox, captan, copper
sulfate, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, diuron, ethoprop, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, phosphamidon, propargite,
propazine, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .ieooardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phorate, phosmet, profenfos, propachlor,
pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon,
trifluralin), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
III-122
-------
Chemicals for which no .ieooardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, bifenox, captan, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, diuron, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion, nitrapyrin,
oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, phosphamidon, propargite,
propazine, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-123
-------
SPECIES PROFILE-
SPECIES: Comanche Springs pupfish (Cvprlnodon eleqans)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS I and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Comanche Springs pupfish presently occurs only in a small series of
springs, spring runs and irrigation canals in the vicinity of Balmorhea,
Reeves County, Texas. Its present range includes the system of irrigation
canals connecting Phantom Lake and San Solomon Springs in Jeff Davis County
and Giffen, and East Sandia Springs in Reeves County, Texas. Surrounding
land use includes agricultural crops (cotton and sorghum) and pasture.
Adjacent rangeland habitats are classified as southwestern shrubsteppe.
Comanche Springs pupfish prefer relatively swift, stenothermal water greater
than ten centimeters deep with algae or debris as substrates. Food
preferences probably include a variety of items including detritus, diatoms,
algae, insects, crustaceans and snails.
The species is threatened by water depletion from groundwater pumping,
habitat loss due to irrigation and agricultural development, competition
with introduced nonnative species and loss of genetic integrity due to
hybridization with introduced sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus).
The Recovery Plan for the species identifies controlling use of pesticides
known to be harmful to the food chain on which the pupfish depends as being
necessary to maintain existing populations of Comanche Springs pupfish.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Its dependence upon irrigation canals associated with agricultural lands
make the Comanche Springs pupfish particularly vulnerable to exposure to
pesticides registered for use on agricultural crops. Cotton and sorghum
are the principal crops currently grown in the range of the species.
Probable routes of exposure are through runoff and drift from adjacent
treated areas. Exposure to mosquito larvicides could occur through direct
application to springs, streams, irrigation canals and adjacent wetlands
within the species' habitat. In addition, springs on which the Comanche
Springs pupfish is reliant are vulnerable to water quality impacts to their
source aquifer from the use of rangeland pesticides within its recharge
zone.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other rangeland chemicals. Table 9 was used for
mosquito larvicides.
III-124
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, chlorpryifos,
diazinon, ethyl parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, pyrethrin, naled,
propachlor.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil,
copper sulfate, dicofol, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton,
diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl,
methoprene, mevinphos, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, profenfos,
propargite, propazine, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos,
terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin,
trichlorfon.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, chlorpryifos, diazinon,
ethyl parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, pyrethrin, naled,
propachlor), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .ieopardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol,
dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethion, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos,
isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, mevinphos,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin,
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, profenfos, propargite,
propazine, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos, terbufos,
terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin, trichlorfon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
III-125
-------
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any Incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-126
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Desert pupfish (Cvprinodon maculariusl
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Within California, the desert pupfish is currently restricted to portions
of the San Felipe Creek (Imperial County) and its tributaries -- Carizzo
Wash and Fish Creek Wash; Salt Creek (Riverside Coynty), and a few shoreline
pools and irrigation drains along the Sal ton Sea. The San Felipe Creek
system has been designated as critical habitat (50 CFR 17.95(e)). Critical
habitat extends outward 100 feet on either side of the stream channel.
The Salt Creek population of the pupfish should also be given careful
consideration because of the relatively large number of fish in this system.
Additional critical habitat occurs at Quitobaquito Spring, Pima County,
Arizona, entirely within Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument.
Desert pupfish inhabit shallow water in pools and slow-moving stretches of
desert streams. They are well adapted to harsh desert environments and are
capable of surviving high temperatures, low oxygen levels and high
salinities.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Imperial Valley, adjacent to the Salton Sea, is one of the great crop
producing areas of the world. Agricultural developments are located near
the San Felipe Creek critical habitat. The integrity of portions of the
critical habitat is threatened by proposals to convert nearby private land
to irrigated agriculture. The restricted range of this species together
with its location in areas of active agriculture indicate high potential
for exposure. Pesticide drift was a factor cited in the decision to list
the species as endangered. Many thousands of acres of small grains are
raised in Imperial and Riverside Counties. Wheat, in particular, is
apparently grown in the immediate watershed of San Felipe Creek and its
tributaries (19a,b). Pesticide contamination of waterways has caused fish
kills in the past (21).
Runoff /drift from large fields into shallow streams of San Felipe Creek and
Salt Creek suggests that modeling results from Tables 19A and 19B are the
closest available representation of desert pupfish habitat conditions.
All of the chemicals in the request could be applied within the range of
the desert pupfish. Even most forest use chemicals are efficacious against
the pests of small grains, cotton, or corn, and so were included in the
evaluation of crop/small grain chemicals.
The population at Quitobaquito Spring is downwind from nearby farms in
Mexico that are sprayed with organophosphates and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
III-127
-------
Studies of this population (32) reveal that the desert pupfish exhibited
elevated levels of parathion and DDT derivatives.
Because of the extremely restricted range of this species, and major
accidental spills or increased levels of pesticide contamination could
have a devastating impact on the Quitobaquito population.
Hazard ratios varied widely. The risk assessment generally found those
chemicals with insignificant hazard ratios presented no jeopardy to the
desert pupfish. Comparisons with Table 19 (pond-stream model) to the extent
possible, corroborated these results.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol,
dicrotophos, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion,
fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion,
mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Contamination of San Felipe Creek by chemicals likely to jeopardize the
desert pupfish will adversely modify the critical habitat of the desert
pupfish by polluting the aquatic environment upon which the pupfish depends.
Concentrations of these chemicals as predicted by Agency modeling are
expected to exceed levels lethal to the species. Restrictive buffer zones
40 yards wide (from stream edge) for ground application, and 200 yards
wide for aerial application shall be established along San Felipe Creek
and its tributaries, Carrizo Wash and Fish Creek Wash, and Tarantula Creek
Wash and along Salt Creek and surrounding Quitobaquito Springs. The wider
buffer is required to prevent direct application of pesticides to the
critical habitat which extends 33 yards from the edge of the stream.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, bifenox, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, diuron, nitrapyrin, phosphamidon, propazine .
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-128
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no Incidental take Is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol,
dicrotophos, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion,
fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion,
mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, permethrin,
phorate, phosmet, profenofos, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-
tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species or destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat. Accordingly, no incidental take
is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should desert pupfish be recovered following chemical applications, they
should be chilled (preferably frozen) and immediate contact made with the
Service's Laguna Niguel Field Station at (714) 643-4270 to obtain further
instructions.
III-129
-------
SPECIES PROFILE-
SPECIES: Leon Springs pupfish fCvorinodon bovinus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Leon Springs pupfish occupy four separate localities within the Leon
Creek drainage in an area approximately 15 kilometers north of Fort
Stockton, Pecos County, Texas. It inhabits natural spring seeps and pools
along Leon Creek and marsh habitats associated with spring outflows, such
as Diamond-Y Spring. Rangeland in the area is characteristic of
southwestern shrubsteppe, associated wetlands are nonforested, and
agricultural uses include croplands (sorghum and cotton) and pasture.
Habitats where the pupfish is found are shallow, eurythermal, relatively
saline, with seasonally abundant algae, Scirpus and Chara in the streambed
and along the creekbank. Substrates are mostly hard clays and soft to
flocculent muds. Food preferences probably include a variety of items
including detritus, diatoms, algae, insects, crustaceans and snails.
Threats to the species include habitat loss due to surface water reduction
resulting from agricultural development, competition with introduced
species, hybridization with introduced sheepshead minnows (Cvprinodon
varieoatusK and pollution and habitat alteration due to oil and gas
development. The Recovery Plan for the species identifies controlling use
of pesticides known to be harmful to the food chain on which the pupfish
depends as being necessary to maintain existing populations of Leon Springs
pupfish.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Because of its association with agricultural lands, the Leon Springs pupfish
is vulnerable to exposure to pesticides registered for use on agricultural
crops. Cotton and sorghum are the principal crops currently grown in the
range of the species. Probable routes of exposure are through runoff or
drift from adjacent treated areas. Exposure to mosquito larvicides could
occur through direct application to springs, streams and adjacent wetlands
within the species' habitat. The Leon Springs pupfish is also reliant on
a supply of spring water, which is vulnerable to water quality impacts to
its source aquifer from the use of rangeland pesticides within its recharge
zone.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other rangeland chemicals. Table 9 was used for
mosquito larvicides.
III-130
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the •,
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl,
chlorpryifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled,
propachlor, pyrethrin.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, carbophenthion,
chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion,
methomyl, methoprene, mevinphos, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon,
profenfos, propargite, propazine, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin,
trichlorfon.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, chlorpryifos, diazinon,
ethyl parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section
II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed
action will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly,
no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol,
dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethion, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos,
isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, mevinphos,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin,
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, profenfos, propargite,
propazine, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos, terbufos,
terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin, trichlorfon.
III-131
-------
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of Incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
Implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any Incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-132
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Owens pupfish (Cvprlnodon radiosus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Owens pupfish originally occurred in the Owens River and adjacent
springs and sloughs from Fish Slough, Mono County, _to as far south, but
not into, Owens Lake, Inyo County, and springs around the lake. The Owens
pupfish presently occurs in three locations representing a total of only
6.0 acres of aquatic habitat: Owens Valley Native Fish Sanctuary in Fish
Slough (5.6 acres) and BLM Spring (0.2 acres) in Mono County, California;
and Warm Springs (0.2 acres) in Inyo County, California. Currently the
pupfish is not secure in any of the three refugia. Each is vulnerable to
disruption from adjacent land uses.
The native habitat of the Owens pupfish has undergone extensive
modification. Water use projects (diversion, groundwater pumping) and
introductions of exotic fishes (mosquito fish, largemouth bass, and carp)
have kept the species on the edge of extinction. Some of these species
are predacious, while others compete for food and mating resources.
Hybridization with other Cyprinidae has been known to occur.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Historically, agricultural development and water export have reduced pupfish
habitat. Livestock grazing occurs immediately adjacent to the refugia
and chemical management of the surrounding rangeland is to be expected.
Agricultural use of chemicals would be limited to range applications and
possible mosquito control. Prior consultations have limited consideration
to these areas and the Serivce reaffirms the scope of that coverage at this
time. Considerable irrigated pasture and other rangeland occurs in both
Inyo and Mono Counties, California (8). Livestock grazing occurs adjacent
to the Owen's pupfish sanctuary springs. Chemicals applied for the purposes
of range management could contaminate the springs and outflows supporting
the species (Lorentzen, pers. comm.). The restricted ocurrence of the
species heightens its vulnerability to chemical poisoning. Pesticide
contamination could easily extinguish the entire population in any of the
three refugia. This would seriously threaten the survival and recovery of
the species.
Tables 15 and 16 were used as most closely approximating this species
conditions.
III-133
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, captan, diazinon,
malathion, methomyl, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, dimethoate, methoprene,
methyl parathion, propachlor.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, captan, diazinon,
malathion, methomyl, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon), if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take 1s authorized.
Should any Incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should Individual Owen's pupfish be lost due to chemical applications, and
subsequently recovered, remains should be chilled (preferably frozen) and
contact made with our Sacramento Endangered Species Field Station at (916)
978-4866.
III-134
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
*
SPECIES: Cape Fear shiner (Notroous mekistochlas)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Cape Fear shiner is a small, moderately stocky minnow from the family
Cyprinidae. Cape Fear shiners are herbivorous, feeding on bottom detritus,
diatoms and other periphytes. It is generally associated with gravel,
cobble, and boulder substrate, and it has been observed inhabiting slow
pools, riffles, log jams and slow runs often associated with water willow.
Rocky boulder riverine habitat is important for the species, and it appears
that loss of this habitat has reduced the species' range. Dam construction
in the Cape Fear system has probably had the most serious impact on the
species by inundating the species' rocky riverine habitat and altering
stream flows.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Cape Fear shiner is restricted to only four populations in the Cape
Fear River drainage in Chatham, Harnett, Lee, Moore and Randolph counties,
North Carolina. Agriculture, cattle production and forestry practices
occur within the Cape Fear shiner's habitat. All 60 chemicals could
potentially impact this species. Even though this species has different
characteristics than the related darters, its potential for exposure and
toxicity is roughly similar. Therefore, based on available information,
similar toxicities are assumed for this species as for other darters.
Table 18 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. When data
was not available in table 18, table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
III-135
-------
disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, \
proparglte, propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb,
thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .ieooardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, dicrotophos, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion,
naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
pendimethalin, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, propazine,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also population levels
fluctuate throughout the year.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-136
-------
SPECIES PROFILE.
SPECIES: Pecos bluntnose shiner fNotroous simus pecosensisl
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Pecos bluntnose shiner is endemic to the Pecos River system of New
Mexico. While it formerly ranged from near Santa Rosa, Guadalupe County,
downstream to Major Johnson Springs near Carlsbad, Eddy County, the species
is presently known from 18 unevely spaced populations along a 340 kilometer
reach of the Pecos River. They occur from the U.S. 60 bridge crossing
west of Fort Sumner, DeBaca County, south to the outflow of Lake McMillan,
Eddy County, New Mexico. Land ownership 1n the Pecos River Valley is
predominantly private.
The shiner is found in an area of low relief where the Pecos River meanders
through a broad valley. A slight stream gradient exists producing a
shallow, low-velocity stream with a sand/silt substrate. Young-of-the-
year shiners were found in the main channel, pools, riffles and backwaters.
It is assumed that the shiner feeds on small macroinvertebrates, such as
insects and other arthropods.
The primary reason for its decline is human modification of its habitat.
Other threats to the species include water diversion for irrigation,
siltation, pollution from agricultural runoff and competition with
introduced species. Contribution of pollutants to the Pecos River from
agricultural operations along the river is detrimental to the Pecos
bluntnose shiner. Runoff from cultivated fields and livestock operations,
and return irrigation water flows have adverse effects on water quality in
the river. Controlling or restricting the use of pesticides has been
identified as an element in the recovery of the species.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Agricultural operations, including field cultivation (fallow, hay and
pasture) and livestock grazing occur along the Pecos River. Irrigation
return flows are discharged to the Pecos River along the reach in which
the shiner occurs. There is a high probability that agricultural pesticides
do and will continue to contaminate the species' habitat. Furthermore,
the proximity of livestock grazing both within the floodplain and on
adjacent uplands, indicate that rangeland chemicals may also be used within
the watershed of the Pecos River. Probable routes of exposure are through
runoff, especially from drain water and return flows from agricultural
fields. Hazard ratios of chemicals for which a stream model is available
were taken from Table 18. Otherwise, Table 14 data were used. The species'
occurrence in the vicinity of several population centers also makes it
vulnerable to impacts from the direct application of mosquito larvicides,
III-137
-------
which have been used In the past in the Pecos River Valley in New Mexico.
Table 9 data were used for larvicides.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, malathion,
methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin, phorate,
profenfos, propachlor, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb, benomyl,
bifenox, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, ethoprop, disulfoton, diuron, fenamiphos, fensulfothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, methidathion, oxamyl,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phosmet, phosphamidon,
propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl, bensulide, captan,
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate,
endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, malathion, methomyl, methyl
parathion, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin, phorate, profenfos,
propachlor, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos,
trichlorfon) if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, benomyl, bifenox, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper
IIM38
-------
sulfate, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, ethoprop, dlsulfoton, dluron,
fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, Isofenphos, mancozeb,
methidathlon, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin,
phosmet, phosphamidon, propargite, propazlne, sulprofos, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take 1s unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen 1s very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally In response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of Incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical In
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
infonflation triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .ieopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-139
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Waccamaw silverside (Menldia extensa)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Waccamaw silverside 1s a long, slender, almost transparent fish from
the family Atherinidae. It feeds on whatever zooplankton are most
available at any given time. Waccamaw silversides reach sexual maturity
at 1 year of age. Spawning peaks in March and April. The Waccamaw
silverside is a lacustrine species restricted to Lake Waccamaw, where it
occupies open water over a dark sand bottom. The watershed is managed
primarily for agriculture and commercial lumber production. Much of the
forested portions of the watershed is swamp of cypress, tupelo, and red
maple of various age classes.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Waccamaw silverside exists only in Lake Waccamaw and the upper Waccamaw
River, Columbus County, North Carolina. It occupies open water over a
dark sand bottom. The watershed of Lake Waccamaw is managed primarily for
agriculture (row crops and pasture) and commercial lumber production.
Activities or disturbances contributinfg to siltation or pesticide
application in these areas could adversely impact these species. This
species could potentially be impacted by all 60 chemicals being reviewed.
Hazard ratios for the Waccamaw silverside were obtained from table 16
because it most closely represented the habitat associated with the
species.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop,
ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion,
methidathion, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet,
profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos,
trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine,
bifenox, carbofuran, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diuron,
III-140
-------
ethoprop, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, nitrapyrin,
oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, propazine, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodlcarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no Incidental take 1s
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide, captan,
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate,
diazinon, dicofol, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion,
methidathion, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result,in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no Incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, bifenox, carbofuran, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diuron, ethoprop, isofenphos, mancozeb,
methomyl, methyl parathion, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methy1,
oxyfluorfen, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, propazine, sulprofos,
terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits a large lake and adjacent streams. Due to its small
size, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small. Also
population levels fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, we are
unable to determine a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-141
-------
SPECIES PROFILE-
SPECIES: Spikedace (Meda fulgida)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The spikedace occurs in mid-elevation (600-2200 meters), cool to warmwater,
low-gradient streams and rivers in the Gil a River basin. It is a Gil a River
endemic that formerly occupied larger streams and rivers throughout much
of the Gila River basin upstream from the Salt-Gila River confluence in
Arizona and New Mexico.
Present distribution of the spikedace is greatly reduced with populations
known only from warmwater reaches of Aravaipa Creek, Eagle Creek and the
Verde River in Arizona, and the Gila River in New Mexico. These streams
flow through a variety of riparian habitats ranging from ponderosa pine-
dominated upstream reaches to Chihuahuan and Sonoran desert scrub at lower
elevations. Streamside vegetation includes willow, cottonwood, sycamore
and a variety of shrubs, grasses and sedges. Spikedace inhabit only
perennial, well-aerated lotic habitats of moderate temperature and velocity.
Spikedace are primarily carnivorous and feed on a variety of drifting and
benthic invertebrates, mostly insect larvae. It is important that a large
and healthy invertebrate community be maintained, especially in late spring
and early summer when large numbers of larval fish are present.
Land ownership within the range of the spikedace is mixed with populations
occurring on lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest
Service (Prescott, Gila and Apache-Sitgreaves National Forests), the San
Carlos Apache Indian Reservation and the Phelps-Dodge Corporation, with
other private landholdings scattered throughout its range. Agricultural
crops grown within its range also include corn, sorghum, cotton, sunflowers,
hay and pasture.
Reasons for decline of the spikedace include habitat destruction due to
loss or modification of surface water flows by impoundment and diversion
and groundwater pumping, and accelerated erosion due to livestock
overgrazing, large-scale clear-cut timber removal. Importation of nonnative
species placed a further strain on remaining populations of the spikedace
through competitive and/or predatory interactions. The recovery of the
species depends, in part, on controlling or restricting the use of
pesticides within its range.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The spikedace is most susceptible to exposure to pesticides registered for
use on forests and rangelands, where most of its habitat occurs. The Cliff-
Gil a Valley of New Mexico, however, is an agricultural area, where the
potential exists for contamination of the species' habitat by agricultural
III-142
-------
chemicals. In addition, both the Aravaipa Creek and Verde River populations
are downstream from agricultural areas. The most likely routes of exposure
are through runoff and drift from adjacent treated areas. Hazard ratios
of chemicals for which a stream model was available were taken from Table
18. Otherwise, Table 14 data were used. Direct application and drift are
likely routes of exposure for forest chemicals and mosquito larvicides;
for these Table 9 data were used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phorate, phosmet, profenfos, propachlor,
pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon,
trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, bifenox, captan, copper
sulfate, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, diuron, ethoprop, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, phosphamidon, propargite,
propazine, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl,.benomyl, bensulide,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, phorate, phosmet, profenfos, propachlor,
pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon,
trifluralin), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, bifenox, captan, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, diuron, ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate,
fonofos, isofenfos, mancozeb, methidathion, nitrapyrin, oxamyl,
III-143
-------
oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, phosphamidon, propargite, propazine,
sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species Inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-144
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Little Colorado spinedace (Leoidomeda vlttata)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Endemic to the upper portions of the Little Colorado River and its north-
flowing permanent tributaries on the Mogollon Rim and northern slopes of the
White Mountains in eastern Arizona, the Little Colorado spinedace is now
restricted to portions of East Clear Creek, Coconino County, Chevlon and
Silver Creek, Navajo County, and the Little Colorado River and Nutrioso
Creek, Apache County, Arizona. Its range includes both forest and rangeland
biomes.
This spinedace inhabits moderate to small streams in pools with flowing
water over fine gravel and silt-mud substrates. Many of the streams are
seasonally intermittent, at which times the spinedace persists in deep
perennial pools and spring areas. The spinedace redistributes itself during
periods of high flow.
Reasons for its decline include habitat destruction and alteration
associated with impoundments, water withdrawals, removal of riparian
vegetation. The use of fish toxicants and the introduction of nonnative
predatory and competitive fish species has also adversely affected the
Little Colorado spinedace.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Because the Little Colorado spinedace is associated with both forest and
rangeland habitats, it potentially could be exposed to pesticides and
registered for use on these land types. Probably routes of exposure are
through runoff and drift from adjacent treated areas.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other rangeland chemicals. Table 13 was used for
all forest chemicals.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, disulfoton, fenvalerate, malathion,
methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, benomyl,
III-145
-------
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
mancozeb, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin,
thlophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbohenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, disulfoton, fenvalerate, malathion, methomyl,
methyl parathion, naled, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbofuran,
chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, fenvalerate, mancozeb,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin,
thiophanate-methyl.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
.The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-146
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Colorado squawfish (Ptvchocheilus lucius)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Adult Colorado squawfish use a variety of habitat types which vary
depending on the time of year. Adults are most abundant in the upper Green
River (between the mouth of the Yampa River and head of Desolation Canyon)
and lower Green River (between the Price and San Rafael Rivers). Other
concentration areas include the Yampa River, the lower 21 miles of the
White River, and the Ruby and Horsethief Canyon area of the Colorado River
between Westwater, Utah, .and Loma, Colorado. In addition, the Colorado
squawfish occurs in the San Juan River downstream from Navajo Dam.
Spawning occurs in July-August in the lower 30 miles of the Yampa River
and in Gray Canyon in the Green River. There also are a number of Colorado
squawfish suspected spawning areas in the Green, Colorado and San Juan
Rivers.
Young-of-the-year Colorado squawfish are usually captured in shallow
backwaters, shoreline habitats with silt and sand substrates and little or
no current. High concentrations of juveniles are found in the Green River
between Green River, Utah, and the confluence of the Green River with the
Colorado River. The highest density of young-of-year fish occurs 100-150
miles below the Green and Yampa spawning areas. A high-density young-of-
the-year area also occurs in the upper Professor Valley of the Colorado
River.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Squawfish are therefore found in approximately 1000 miles of the Green,
Yampa, White, Colorado, Gunnison, and San Juan Rivers. Approximately 485
of the 1000 miles is nursery habitat including 345 miles on the Green River
and 140 miles on the Colorado River. Additional young-of-year squawfish
have been found in the San Juan River in the vicinity of Shiprock, New
Mexico and Bluff, Utah. Some crops (corn, sorghum, wheat, barley, and oats)
are grown near or adjacent to less than 90 miles of the Green River (River
Mile 200-290-Ouray to Jensen) and possibly a small amount near the town of
Green River, Utah. Of young-of-the-year nursery areas 1n the Colorado
River, some crops may be grown along or adjacent to approximately 20 miles
of the river including in the area of Loma, Colorado (River Nile 140 to
150) and downstream from the Gunnison River or the Grand Junction, Colorado
area (River Mile 160 to 170). The use of pesticides for forestry and
rangeland uses may occur throughout the range of the squawfish.
III-147
-------
Table 13 was used for forest and ranqeland use and Table 15 for crops to
obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. Table 16 (runoff) was used for
«7dicarb, carbofuran, and phorate.
Based on the use patterns that occur near or adjacent to the habitat of the
Colorado squawfish (forestry, rangeland, com, and small grains), it is
believed that 53 of the pesticides in Table 1 and fentitrothion and
siethoprene in part 5, have a potential to impact the squawfish mostly
through drift as well as runoff into the habitat. The shallow backwater
areas used as nursery habitat for the squawfish are particularly vulnerable
to the pesticides. Of these 55 pesticides, the Service believes that the
use of 4 of them are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
Colorado squawfish. This determination is based prinarily on the species
distribution, known use patterns, th- hazard ratios of both fish species
and invertebrates as well as other f tors such as persistence,
bioaccumulation, and in some cases, -.ck of sufficient information on one
of the above factors.
The primary uses of most of the 55 pesticides are for corn and small grains
rather than forestry and rangeland. Thus, while the uses of most of the
pesticides could result in the loss of squawfish, those pesticides are not
likely to jeopardize the entire population since crops are only grown in
approximately 11 percent of squawfish habitat or 23 percent of squawfish
nursery habitat (does not include possible nursery habitat in the San Juan
River). The use of some of the pesticides for forestry and rangeland uses
could cover a much more extensive area and thus jeopardize the squawfish.
The Service has determined that there would not be exposure to the Colorado
squawfish from the remaining 6 pesticides in Table 1. This is because
none of the known registered uses of those pesticides considered in this
consultation are for uses that occur near Colorado squawfish habitat.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, diazinon, malathion, phosmet.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion,
fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, methyl parathion, mevinphos,
naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendlmethai in,
permethrin, phorate, propachlor, propargite, propazine, pyrethrin, terbufos,
terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralln.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
111-148
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .ieooardv was found and no incidental take 1s
anticipated;
For these chemicals (carbaryl, diazinon, malathion, phosmet), If the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and incidental take is
anticipated;
For any or all of the following chemicals, the Service anticipates an
incidental take of 25 annually to occur: aldicarb, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, captan, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper
sulfate, dicofol, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, permethrin,
phorate, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, terbufos, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
This level of take is anticipated for the following reasons:
1. These pesticides have a hazard ratio above one (I), thus raising
the possibility of resulting loss of the squawfish.
2. Approximately 11 percent of the squawfish habitat is most likely to
have incidental take from these pesticides because crops, primarily
corn and small grains, are grown in the area.
3. With no existing data on squawfish kills by these pesticides, we can
only estimate an annual incidental take of 25 squawfish.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take Is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take Is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-149
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Unarmored threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus culeatus
willlamsoni)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
G. a. wiTMamsoni occurs in Soledad Canyon, adjacent portions of the Santa
Clara River downstream, and possibly in San Francisquito Canyon, Los Angeles
County, California. The taxonomic status of the stickleback is currently
somewhat confused. Until published research sheds clarifying light, the
Service believes the following areas represent the range of true
williamsoni:
(A) Santa Clara River downstream from the junction with San Martinez
Grande Canyon.
(B) Santa Clara River in Soledad Canyon near Lang (River's End Park).
(C) San Francisquito Canyon from about 100 meters downstream of the San
Francisquito Canyon Road and upstream to San Francisquito Powerhouse
Number One.
(D) Southern part of Baldwin Lake and adjacent stream and spring
habitats, including Shay Spring, San Bernardino County.
(E) San Antonio Creek, from the mouth to a point at the upstream end
of Barka Slough, Santa Barbara County. It is possible that
sticklebacks occur in other tributaries to San Antonio Creek.
The biology of Gasterosteus aculeatus williamsoni makes it more vulnerable
to extinction than any typical stickleback population. Its endemism and
proximity to expanding metropolitan Los Angeles also render it particularly
vulnerable. Factors that have brought it to its current endangered status
include:
1. Channelization which eliminates still water habitat needed for
breeding, and aquatic vegetation that shelters fry.
2. Ground and surface water use (drawdown), which reduces instream
flow, decreases available habitat, and ultimately causes elimination
of riparian vegetation.
3. Introductions of exotic aquatic organisms. Introduced mosquito
fish (Gambusia) might compete with sticklebacks for food. Other
predatory fishes that tolerate warm water could have contributed
to reduction of stickleback populations;
Ill-ISO
-------
4. Industrial and residential (urban) construction that increases
pressure for channelization of seasonally flooded streams and for
ground and surface water diversion. It also increases the potential
for toxic spills and runoff of pesticides, eutrophication due to
sewage leaching and fertilizer runoff, and increased runoff which may
scour habitat, cause siltation of still water areas, and wash
sticklebacks into areas of unsuitable habitat;
5. agricultural development in southern California often depends on
use of limited local supplies of ground water, resulting in loss of
habitat, and may result in release of leached nutrients or inorganic
toxins, increased erosion and siltation. Siltation causes habitat
distruction by covering the bottom of pools or completely fills
pools;
6. the development of recreational parks in Soledad Canyon. Use of
off-road vehicles along and in the stream may adversely affect
sticklebacks by eliminating aquatic and riparian vegetation;
7. a southern Pacific Railroad line through Soledad Canyon, including
the area immediately upstream of the most upstream population of G.
a. williamsoni. A chemical spill from a train has the potential
to eliminate the unarmored threespine stickleback from the type
locality;
8. excessive growth of aquatic vegetation (caused by fertilizer inflow
from nearby agriculture and mild siltation, both of which increase
available nutrients) may reduce dissolved oxygen through plant
respiration and decomposition.
Populations of G. aculeatus with high frequencies of zero-plated individuals
were once abundant in low gradient reaches of the Los Angeles, San Gabriel
and Santa Ana Rivers and have been eliminated by some combination of the
factors listed above.
All southern California populations of Gasterosteus. will be threatened by
both agricultural and urban development. Inhabitation of such small aquatic
habitat patches, characteristic of southern California drainages, renders
sticklebacks there vulnerable to even more environmental distrurbance.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Agricultural activity is difficult to quantify within the widely dispersed
range of the stickleback. Orchards, nurseries, vineyards, rangeland,
cropland, and pastures are in proximity (11). A modest amount of grain
is grown (19a,b), but not enough to warrant concern.
Range and mosquito control chemicals were the major groups Identified as
affecting sticklebacks 1n previous consultations (12/11/84; 10/25/84) and
are reconfirmed for the scope of the present consultation. Several hundred
thousand acres of pastures occur in Los Angeles, Ventura, Santa Barbara, and
San Bernardino (19a,b). Chemical management of these acres would likely
III-151
-------
Introduce toxic materials to the stream courses supporting sticklebacks.
The quality of available data do not allow us to proceed beyond these
generalized conclusions.
The urban habitats of the G. a. williamsoni make it potentially vulnerable
to mosquito control programs. Habitat streams are low gradient with
vegetation for cover. Sticklebacks tend to be numerous in small ponds
favored as breeding habitat (11), the type of ponds that could be subject
to application of mosquito larvacides. Tables 15 and 16 were used as most
closely approximating this species conditions.
Of the chemicals used in range and mosquito control, all have significantly
high hazard ratios for fish, indicating a high potential for lethal exposure
of sticklebacks. Additionally, hazard ratios for the invertebrate food
sources are much higher than for the listed species, adding to the overall
threat (18). Only methyl parathion would have low or no effects when used
in the range of the stickleback.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): captan, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methomyl, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, dimethoate, methoprene,
methyl parathion, propachlor.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and incidental take 1s anticipated;
For any or all of the following chemicals, the Service anticipates an
unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur: captan, carbaryl,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion, malathion, methomyl, naled,
pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
This level of take 1s unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Given the extremely high toxicity to fish exhibited by virtually all
chemicals used for range management or mosquito larvicidal control,
(LD50 (79-900ppb) Incidental take is anticipated even with adherence
to the aquatic buffer stipulated. Determining a quantity or extent of
incidental take of sticklebacks is problematic. Population estimates
of 2-3 fish per square meter of suitable habitat would Indicate a large
total population (28). Population fluctuations are apparently common
in response to high water flows and high turbidities during fall and
III-152
-------
winter (rainy) months. The tiny, obscure stickleback is rarely seen
under the best of circumstances. Incidental take due to pesticide
applications will largely go unnoticed. Together with our imprecise
information on the extent of pesticide applications it will be
impossible to estimate or confirm the amount or extent of incidental
take that may result from pesticide applications.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should incidental take occur, and individual sticklebacks be recovered, they
should be immediately chilled or frozen and transferred to the California
Department of Fish and Game, (213) 590-5151.
III-153
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: June sucker (Chasmistes liorus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The June sucker Is endemic to Utah Lake in Utah County, Utah, and uses the
lower portion of the Provo River (4.9 miles) for spawning. Utah Lake has
an average depth of 9.5 feet and a maximum depth of 13.8 feet (Radant and
Sakaguchi 1981).
Adult June sueiors ascend the Provo River from mid-May through June and
complete spawning within 14 to 20 days. Young-of-the year June suckers have
been collected in the Provo River after hatching. However, no young-of-the-
year or juvenile suckers are known to have been collected from Utah Lake in
recent years. Accurate population estimates for the June sucker have not
been made. It is suspected that there are less than 600 adults (based on
spawning run estimates).
Adult June suckers have been captured throughout Utah Lake. Each year a
post-spawning concentration develops in Provo Bay. Little else is known
about this species that was listed as an endangered species in the March 31,
1986, Federal Register.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The spawning habitat in the Provo River is entirely within the city limits
of the city of Provo. Between one-third and one-half of the stretch of
the river is highly urbanized with primarily pastures and some small grains
grown adjacent to the remaining portion of the 4.9 miles of river occupied
by the June sucker. Numerous agricultural uses occur adjacent to the 94,000
acre lake including rangeland uses and the growing of some corn and small
grains. Approximately 54,100 acres of corn, wheat, barley, and oats were
grown in Utah County in 1987. Mosquito larvicides also are used in the
area.
Table 9 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish for mosquito
larvicide uses while Table 13 was used for the remaining uses in the
vicinity of the June sucker. Table 14 (runoff) was used for the granular
pesticides carbofuran and phorate.
Based on the use patterns that occur near or adjacent to the habitat of the
June sucker (rangeland, corn, small grains, and mosquito larvicides), it is
believed that 47 of the pesticides of Table 1 have a potential to impact the
June sucker primarily through drift of the pesticides into the habitat of
this endangered species as well as runoff into the habitat and being applied
directly to the June sucker habitat (mosquito larvicides). Of these 47
pesticides, the Service believes that the use of 17 of them are likely to
III-154
-------
jeopardize the continued existence of the June sucker. This determination
is based primarily on the species distribution, known use patterns, the
hazard ratios of both fish species and invertebrates as well as other
factors such as persistence, bioaccumulation, and in some cases, lack of
sufficient information on one of the above factors.
From the information provided by the Environmental Protection Agency, the
Service has determined that there would not be exposure to the June sucker
from the remaining 12 pesticides in Table 1. This is because none of the
known registered uses of those pesticides considered in this consultation
are for uses that occur near June sucker
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fensulfothion, isofenphos,
malathion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, permethrin, pyrethrin,
terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, atrazine, azinphos-
methyl, benomyl, bifenox, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper
sulfate, dicofol, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate,
fonofos, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, nitrapyrin, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyfluorfen, phorate, phosmet, propachlor, propargite, propazine,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion, diazinon,
endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fensulfothion, Isofenphos,
malathion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, permethrin, pyrethrin,
terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives
listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate
that the proposed action will result in any incidental take of the
species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
III-155
-------
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an incidental take of one adult and 50 fry or young-
of-the-year to occur: atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbofuran,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, dicofol, dimethoate,
disulfoton, ethoprop, fenvalerate, fonofos, mancozeb, methidathion,
methomyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phorate, phosmet, propachlor,
propargite, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is anticipated for the following reasons:
1. These pesticides have a hazard ratio above one (1), that could result
in the take of this sucker.
2. Take is more likely to occur in Provo River (4.9 miles of spawning
habitat) than in Utah Lake where the species would be more scattered.
3. Between 1/2 and 1/3 of the area adjacent to this spawning habitat
is in pasture and some small grains.
4. Without further data, we can only estimate an annual incidental
take of one adult and 50 fry and/or young-of-the-year.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-156
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Lost River sucker (Deltistes luxatus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Lost River sucker is restricted to the Klamath basin of south-central
Oregon and north-central California, specifically the Upper Klamath
Lake and its tributaries. Dams, draining of marshes and diversion of rivers
have reduced the range and numbers of this species by more than 95 percent.
Dams have been particularly destructive by blocking spawning runs and
facilitating hybridization with other sucker species.
The Lost River sucker population declined from an estimated 23,123
individuals in 1984 to 11,861 in 1985. Although this sucker is long-lived
(up to 43 years) the dramatic decline can be explained by the lack of
successful spawning. No significant recruitment of young has occurred for
about 18 years (26).
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Lost River sucker is likely to be exposed to all classes of chemicals
considered in this consultation. Timber management is actively pursued on
the Modoc and Winema National Forests within the range of this species.
Livestock grazing on over 700,000 acres, with associated sagebrush control,
also occurs throughout the two counties supporting the fish (Williams,
pers. comm.; 19a,b). Many thousands of acres of cereal grains are also
grown. Klamath County is renowned for its malting barley (30). Maintenance
of water quality, particularly in Klamath Lake, is a critical issue.
The aquatic scenario judged most applicable was that of a 10-acre drainage
basin into a 1-acre pond, 6 feet deep (Table 15/16). We consider these
models to be the most appropriate for Klamath Lake populations. These
models yielded the greatest dilution factors and, hence, the lowest hazard
ratios. The present assessment suffers from the lack of a flowing water
model that would more closely approximate the actual habitat conditions
for this species in its stream environs. In this regard, we compared
results to Table 19 to the extent data were available.
The chemicals exhibit a wide range of toxicity to test fish and aquatic
invertebrates best characterized by a review of Section V. In general,
chemicals yielding low or insignificant hazard ratios were not considered
to jeopardize this sucker. These conclusions were closely supported by
comparison to Table 19 results.
III-157
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dicrotophos, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop,
ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos,
malathion, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, mevinphos, naled, oxamyl,
pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, profenofos, propachlor,
propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos,
trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, bifenox, copper
sulfate, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diuron, isofenphos, methyl parathion,
nitrapyrin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosphamidon, propazine,
sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and incidental take is anticipated;
For any or all of the following chemicals, the Service anticipates an
unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur: azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dicrotophos,
disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion, mancozeb, methidathion,
methomyl, mevinphos, naled, oxamyl, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Given the widespread distribution of the species and exposure to all
classes of chemicals presented in the request, we believe it impossible
.to anticipate accurately the amount or extent of incidental take
associated with pesticide applications. Summer die-offs of suckers
have occurred in Upper Klamath Lake due to blue-green algal blooms
(26). Die-offs do not occur every year but may be aggravated by hot,
dry weather that reduces oxygen. Pollution of the lake, and diversions
that further decrease summer inflows could obscure incidental take
from pesticides, rendering estimates meaningless. It would be
unrealistic and misleading to attempt any estimate of incidental loss
of individuals of this species from pesticide applications.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-158
-------
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
or if the listed incidental take is exceeded where a level is identified,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should individuals of either species be incidentally lost during conduct of
pesticide programs, remains should be recovered if possible and frozen or
chilled immediately. Contact with the Service's Sacramento Endangered
Species Office at (916) 978-4866 shall be made to secure further
instructions on disposal of remains.
III-159
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Modoc sucker (Catostomus ml crops 1
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Modoc sucker presently occurs in tributaries to the upper Pit River of
northeastern California: the Rush-Ash Creek system and, the Washington-
Turner-Hulbert Creek system. A site of possible occurrence is Bauer's
Creek, Lake County, Oregon. Historically, the species may have occurred
in the entire Pit River drainage of northeastern California (Modoc and
Lassen Counties). Habitats exist on Modoc National Forest, Bureau of Land
Management - Susanville District, and private lands. Ownership is about
50 percent Federal and 50 percent private.
A major portion of the Rush Creek Modoc sucker habitat is on privately
owned land used for grazing sheep and cattle, which trample streambanks,
thereby causing destruction of habitat through increased erosion, ingestion
of vegetation needed as cover, and siltation. Timber sales and cattle
grazing also occur on public lands supporting the species. Destruction of
natural barriers to the Sacramento sucker (£_.. occidentalism by flood
irrigation and stream channelization has resulted in hybridization.
Introductions of predacious brown trout have added to the pressure on Modoc
sucker populations. All of these factors were cited by the Service during
the evaluation process prior to listing the species as endangered.
Critical habitat has been designated for the Modoc sucker on 26 miles of
portions of nine creeks, including Turner, Washington, Hulbert, Johnson,
and Rush Creeks, Modoc County, California. Critical habitat extends outward
50 feet from either side of the stream channel of each creek.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Considerable agriculture, primarily small grain crops (19a,b) are grown in
Modoc and Lassen Counties, California, and Lake County, Oregon. These
data provide only circumstantial evidence of pesticide use that may affect
Modoc suckers. Additionally, active timber harvest and grazing occurs in
pertinent drainages. The Forest Service has eliminated cattle grazing in
some areas and modified timber sales along Hulbert and Cedar Creeks.
Presumably this could reduce the amount of pesticides applied. Row crops
are apparently not raised (Williams, pers. comm.).
Populations of the sucker are somewhat widely distributed within tributaries
and main stem rivers of the Pit River drainage (11), and are unlikely to
experience 100 percent exposure to agricultural chemicals at any given
time. While information is fragmentary, small grain crops are not known
to be grown immediately adjacent to sucker streams (19a,b; Williams, pers.
comm.).
III-160
-------
The risk assessments reflect the high hazard ratios predicted by Agency
modeling that approximates the habitat conditions (Tables 19A/19B) of the
Modoc sucker (8). Several chemicals are extremely toxic to fish and other
aquatic species and/or are restricted use products (azinphos-methyl,
endosulfan, carbofuran).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species and result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbophenothion, diazinon, dicofol, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulthion, malathion, mancozeb, methidathion,
mevinphos, naled, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper
sulfate, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron,
ethoprop, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, methomyl, methyl parathion,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin,
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, profenofos, propachlor,
propazine, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbofuran,
carbophenothion, diazinon, dicofol, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulthion, malathion, mancozeb, methidathion,
mevinphos, naled, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take Is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take 1s
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
III-161
-------
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should individual fish be incidentally taken and subsequently recovered,
they should be chilled (preferably frozen) and immediate contact made with
the Service's Sacramento Endangered Species Field Office at (916) 978-4866
for further instructions on disposition of remains.
III-162
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Shortness sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The shortnose sucker is restricted to the Klamath basin of south-central
Oregon and north-central California, specifically the Upper Klamath
Lake and its tributaries. Dams, draining of marshes and diversion of rivers
have reduced the range and numbers of this species by more than 95 percent.
Dams have been particularly destructive by blocking spawning runs and
facilitating hybridization with other sucker species.
The shortnose sucker population declined markedly in 1984-85, when too few
individuals of the species were collected to make any valid population
estimate. Although this sucker is long-lived (up to 43 years) the dramatic
decline can be explained by the lack of successful spawning. No significant
recruitment of young has occurred for about 18 years (26).
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The shortnose sucker is likely to be exposed to all classes of chemicals
considered in this consultation. Timber management is actively pursued on
the Modoc and Winema National Forests within the range of this species.
Livestock grazing on over 700,000 acres, with associated sagebrush control,
also occurs throughout the two counties supporting the fish (Williams,
pers. comm.; 19a,b). Many thousands of acres of cereal grains are also
grown. Klamath County is renowned for its malting barley (30). Maintenance
of water quality, particularly in Klamath Lake, is a critical issue.
The aquatic scenario judged most applicable was that of a 10-acre drainage
basin into a 1-acre pond, 6 feet deep (Table 15/16). These models are
the most appropriate for Klamath Lake populations. These models yielded
the greatest dilution factors and, hence, the lowest hazard ratios. The
present assessment suffers from the lack of a flowing water model that would
more closely approximate the actual habitat conditions for this species in
its stream environs. Results were compared to Table 19 to the extent data
were available.
The chemicals exhibit a wide range of toxicity to test fish and aquatic
invertebrates best characterized by a review of Section V. In general,
chemicals yielding low or insignificant hazard ratios were not considered
to jeopardize this sucker. These conclusions were closely supported by
comparison to Table 19 results.
III-163
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bensulide, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dicrotophos, disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop,
ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos,
malathion, mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, mevinphos, naled, oxamyl,
pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, profenofos, propachlor,
propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos,
trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, bifenox, copper
sulfate, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, diuron, isofenphos, methyl parathion,
nitrapyrin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosphamidon, propazine,
sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and incidental take is anticipated;
For any or all of the following chemicals, the Service anticipates an
unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur: azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dicrotophos,
disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion, mancozeb, methidathion,
methomyl, mevinphos, naled, oxamyl, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate,
phosmet, profenofos, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Given the widespread distribution of the species and exposure to all
classes of chemicals presented in your request, we believe it impossible
to anticipate accurately the amount or extent of incidental take
associated with pesticide applications. Summer die-offs of suckers
have occurred in Upper Klamath Lake due to blue-green algal blooms
(26). Die-offs do not occur every year but may be aggravated by hot,
dry weather that reduces oxygen. Pollution of the lake, and diversions
that further decrease summer inflows could obscure incidental take
from pesticides, rendering estimates meaningless. It would be
unrealistic and misleading to attempt any estimate of Incidental loss
of individuals of this species from pesticide applications.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any Incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-164
-------
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
or if the listed incidental take is exceeded where a level is identified,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should individuals of either species be incidentally lost during conduct of
pesticide programs, remains should be recovered if possible and frozen or
chilled immediately. Contact with the Service's Sacramento Endangered
Species Office at (916) 978-4866 shall be made to secure further
instructions on disposal of remains.
III-165
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Warner sucker (Catostomus warnerensls)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The threatened Warner sucker presently occurs in several streams and lakes
of Warner Valley, Lake County, Oregon, and in extreme northern Washoe
County, Nevada. The Warner Valley lies in south central Oregon; its
watershed includes parts of Nevada and California. Long-time residents of
the Warner Valley remember when suckers were adundant, ascending streams
in great numbers during the spring. Current numbers are greatly reduced
and only remnant populations exist (25).
The present status of the Warner sucker is attributable to both natural and
manmade causes. The desiccation of the 505 square mile Pluvial Lake Warner
diminished the water areas in Warner Valley. Development of water control
for agricultural purposes in the late 1930's has further reduced accessible
spawning waters. Before that time, according to interviews with local
residents, the suckers were numerous in the creeks. Storage dams, diversion
dams, diversion ditches, and irrigation canals throughout the system have
stopped spawning migrations and diverted suckers into alfalfa fields and
pastures, and dewatered important spawning streams at peak seasons.
Livestock grazing has eliminated riparian vegetation resulting in stream
bank erosion and subsequent siltation of stream and lake habitats.
predatory fishes (largemouth bass, crappie, and bullheads) have been
roduced to the valley. These could have an adverse impact on the
survival of larval and juvenile suckers since they may serve as a food
base for these introduced species.
The Warner sucker is a migratory species that ascends streams for spawning
from early spring to early summer. Because of dams that obstruct passage,
and because some populations live in pools close to suitable spawning area,
the known migrations are short, although without obstructions the species
might be capable of migrations of several miles.
The species requires pools, lakes, or other still water for feeding and
growth. Cover can.be turbidity, depth, or boulders, etc. Suckers
apparently spend the fall and winter in lakes or deep portions of canals
and creeks before migrating to gravel-bottomed areas in spring to spawn.
Young suckers apparently remain in creeks for several months to two years
before descending to larger, more still waters.
There are no historic population estimates to compare with recent data, but
surveys indicate that the species no longer occurs in major portions of
its former range (24).
III-166
-------
Critical habitat for the species has been established in about 40 miles
of habitat in five streams in Lake County, Oregon (50 CFR 17.95(e)).
Critical habitat extends outward 50 feet on either side of the stream
channel.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Land on the Warner Valley floor is primarily in private ownership, although
the Hart Mountain National Wildlife efuge occupies parts of the area.
Away from the valley floor much of the stream habitat is under Bureau of
Land Management control (24). The Bureau has reduced or eliminated cattle
grazing along portions of some streams designated as critical habitat (24).
This action would be expected to reduce the application of pesticides for
range management.
Almost all human use in the valley is associated with agriculture. Neither
forestry nor mosquito control practices are expected in the range of the
Warner sucker. No Warner sucker habitat occurs on Forest Service lands.
A moderate amount of small grain is grown in Lake Country (30) and hay and
pastures occur along stream reaches supporting this species (11; Williams,
pers. comm.). Runoff and leachates containing fertilizers and pesticides
from agricultural and ranching operations in the valley are believed to
stress water quality of the streams and lakes (24). Current information on
specific crop locations is inadequate to make exact determinations as to
which crops occur in the immediate range of the Warner sucker and, in turn,
which chemicals pose the greatest threats. However, it appears that crop
chemicals are most likely to be applied within the range of the species
and encompass the highest number of chemicals in the request. The Service
has assumed that if crops are grown in the vicinity, pesticides registered
for those crops will be applied unless contrary information is presented.
Agency modeling reflecting potential pollutant loads in the lakes,
reservoirs, and low-gradient streams and canals that serve as sucker habitat
was selected to evaluate appropriate chemicals (Tables 15/16). While the
Service has concluded that agricultural practices such as water diversions
can, with modifications, be compatible with Warner suckers, the toxicity of
some chemicals in the request are so high they pose serious threats to
the species and its critical habitat.
The hazard assessment results lead to conclusions of non-jeopardy for some
chemicals that, elsewhere, are determined to jeopardize similar species.
This is a function of the varying habitat characteristics and results from
the different model applications.
Hazard ratios for chemicals found to jeopardize the Warner sucker are very
high. Combined with high toxicity to fish and invertebrate food sources of
the sucker (Section V), the Service believes these chemicals warrant label
restrictions. The reduced numbers and populations make the species more
susceptible to the adverse effects of pesticides in the aquatic environment.
Many are already restricted-use products due to their recognized toxicity
to wildlife (Section V) and some have been implicated in wildlife die-offs
(4).
III-167
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species and result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dicrotophos,
disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion, mancozeb, methidathion, mevinphos, naled,
oxamyl, profenfos, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
terbufos, trichlofon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bensulide, bifenox, captan, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, diuron, fensulfothion, isofenphos, methomyl, methyl parathion,
nitrapyrin, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin, permethrin,
phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor, propazine, sulprofos, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbofuran,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dicrotophos,
disulfoton, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos,
fenvalerate, fonofos, malathion, mancozeb, methidathion, mevinphos,
naled, oxamyl, profenfos, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlofon), if the reasonable and
prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species or destruction or adverse modification
of its critical habitat.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take 1s anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-168
-------
Disposition:
Should individual Warner suckers lost to chemical applications be recovered,
they should be immediately chilled (or preferably frozen) and contact made
with the Service's Sacramento Endangered Species Field Office at (916)
978-4866 for further instructions on disposition of remains.
III-169
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: G1la topminnow (Poeciliopsls occidentalism
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Gila topminnow prefers the sluggish, shallow margins of freshwater lotic
habitats in southern Arizona and northern Mexico below an elevation of about
1500 meters. It also inhabits springs and cienega habitats. Eleven natural
populations of the topminnow exist in the United State in Cochise, Santa
Cruz, Pima and Graham counties, Arizona. These consist of spring systems
and intermittent streams. Typical habitats include: 1) mature marshland
with rich organic deposits, permanently saturated soils, and dense grass,
hydrophytes, debris and canopy cover; 2) springheads and associated runs
with inorganic bottoms and well-oxygenated open flows bordered by dense
hydrophytes; and 3) isolated and intermittent streams with sand, gravel,
or bedrock bottoms, substantial subsurface flow, and sparse to dense arid
riparian vegetation. Numerous introduced populations exist in Arizona.
Nearly all populations, both natural and introduced, occur on livestock
range, though some sites are fenced to exclude cattle.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Because of its association with rangelands and its dependence upon a healthy
invertebrate prey base, the Gila topminnow is vulnerable to the adverse
impacts from pesticides registered for rangeland uses. The probable route
of exposure to rangeland pesticides is through runoff, although the
potential for drift or direct application from wide area aerial applications
from adjacent rangelands cannot be precluded. Exposure of isolated
populations to mosquito larvicides may occur; however, it is unlikely that
chemicals used only as larvicides within the range of the Gila topmonnow
will jeopardize the species.
Hazard ratios of rangeland chemicals for which a stream model was available
were taken form Table 18. Otherwise, Table 14 data were used for rangeland
chemicals. Table 9 data were used for mosquito larvicides.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species, are: acephate, captan, ethyl parathion,
methoprene, pyrethrin.
III-170
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
malathion, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, captan, ethyl parathion, methoprene, pyrethrin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .ieopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take 1s anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-171
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Yaqui topminnow (Poeciliopsis occidental is sonoriensis)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Once one of the most common fish in the Rio Yaqui drainage below 4,500 feet
elevation in Arizona, the Yaqui topminnow now occurs only in Leslie Creek
and Black Draw and springs on San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge.
Its habitat consists of springs and streams where it concentrates in shallow
areas with aquatic vegetation or debris covered bottoms. Like other
Poeciliids, its preferred food is insect larvae and aquatic invertebrates.
Reasons for its decline include loss of springs, river backwaters and small
stream habitats, and competition with nonnative mosquitofish (Gambusia
affirm).
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge was established for the purpose of
protecting and promoting recovery of several Yaqui basin fishes. The Leslie
Creek tract has been purchased by the Nature Conservancy, and the Service
is planning to acquire it for inclusion as part of the San Bernardino refuge
complex. Nevertheless, there is potential for exposure to pesticides and
used on range!ands within the watershed of the species. Primary routes of
exposure are through drift and runoff from treated rangelands within the
watershed of the Yaqui topminnow at San Bernardino and Leslie Creek. Hazard
ratios of chemicals for which a stream model was available were taken from
Table 18. Table 14 was used for all other chemicals.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion,
methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to Jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, captan, pyrethrin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-172
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take Is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion,
methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, trichlorfon), if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
atrazine, captan, pyrethrin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
.chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-173
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Apache trout (Oncorhvnchus apache)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Apache trout is native to tributaries of the upper Salt River drainage
in eastern Arizona. It has been adversely affected by forest alteration,
livestock grazing, erosion and siltation, and competition and hybridization
with exotic and nonnative salmonids.
The Apache trout was once found throughout the headwater tributaries of the
Little Colorado, Salt and San Francisco Rivers in east-central Arizona.
Introduction of exotic and nonnative salmonids has reduced populations to
those existing mainly in-headwater areas upstream from natural barriers at
elevations above 2500 meters. Its present range includes the Salt River
drainage (Black and White Rivers).
Several populations have been reestablished in the Little Colorado and San
Francisco drainages and in two other drainages outside historic range
(North Canyon Creek and Grant Creek). Apache trout presently occur in
small, cold, high-gradient streams flowing through mixed coniferous forests
of spruce, fir and aspen at higher elevations, grading through ponderosa
pine to areas of shrub/brush rangelands. Its known distribution includes
Fort Apache Indian Reservation, and Apache-Sitgreaves, Kaibab and Coronado
National Forests. Recovery actions include, controlling or restricting
use of pesticides within the known range of the species.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENT!.-;:
Trout are predaceous throughout life and require an abundant supply of
insects, other invertebrate prey, and small fish. They are highly sensitive
to direct toxicity from pollutants, and the Recovery Plans for this species
suggests land management practices be established to control any detrimental
effects to the Apache trout resulting from the use of pesticides. Because
of its association with forest and rangeland cover types, the Apache trout
is likely to be exposed to pesticides registered for use on forests and/or
rangelands. 'Probable routes of exposure are through runoff and drift from
adjacent treated areas.
Table 18 was used for chemicals for which a stream model was available.
Table 14 was used for all other rangeland chemicals. Table 13 was used for
all forest chemicals.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
III-174
-------
chemicals 1n Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenthlon,
chlorpyrifos, dlazinon, disulfoton, fenitrothion, malathlon, methyl
parathlon, naled, propachor, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species, are: acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox,
captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, fenvalerate,
mancozeb, methomyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, pyrethrin,
thiophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenthion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, disulfoton, fenitrothion, malathion, methyl
parathion, naled, propachor, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
atrazine, benomyl, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, fenvalerate, mancozeb, methomyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyfluorfen, phosmet, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen 1s very small.
Furthermore, population levels fluctuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, 1t is
not possible to determine a specific level of Incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any Incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-175
-------
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-176
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Gila trout fOncorhvnchus ajjae)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1, 3 and 5.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Gila trout Is native to the Gila River basin. It is primarily
restricted to headwater reaches of several streams in southwestern New
Mexico. It has been adversely affected by forest alteration, livestock
grazing, erosion and siltation, and competition and hybridization with
exotic and nonnative salmonids. Recovery actions include controlling or
restricting the use of pesticides within the known range of this species.
In New Mexico, the Gila trout occurs in five streams in the Gila National
Forest, including Iron Creek, McKenna Creek, and Spruce Creek in the Gila
Wilderness, and Main Diamond Creek and South Diamond Creek in the Aldo
Leopold Wilderness. In addition, populations have been established in
several other headwater streams in the Gila National Forest. Adjacent
land types include aspen, Douglas fir and ponderosa pine forests, pinyon-
juniper and southwestern shrubsteppe rangelands.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Trout are predaceous throughout life and require an abundant supply of
insect larvae through adults, other invertebrate prey, and small fish. They
are also highly sensitive to direct toxicity from pesticides and other
pollutants. The Recovery Plan for this species suggests that land
management practices be established to control any detrimental effects to
the Gila trout resulting from use of pesticides.
In request part 3, the Agency suggests that jeopardy be removed for certain
forest and rangeland pesticides because most known populations of Gila
trout exist in spruce-fir forest in designated wilderness areas
administered by the U.S. Forest Service. Although this land-use designation
minimizes the risk of exposure to these chemicals, it does not preclude
their use within the watershed of the species. Because the species is
principally associated with forest cover types, the Gila trout 1s likely
to be exposed to pesticides registered for use on forests. Probable routes
of exposure are through runoff and drift from adjacent treated areas, as
well as direct application to water. Jeopardy calls were made with regard
only to the registered uses of the chemicals and their hazard ratios based
on a direct application model (Table 9) developed by the Agency.
Request part 5 requested a reassessment of jeopardy calls from previous
consultations based on loss of food supply. Although the Gil a trout is
predaceous, its diet is varied, including insect adults and larvae, other
aquatic invertebrates, and smaller fishes, and the loss of food supply
alone is not expected to jeopardize the species. Jeopardy calls from this
III-177
-------
and previous consultations were confirmed or reversed based on both direct
toxicity to the species and food chain impacts.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aminocarb, atrazine, azinphos-
methyl, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenthion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dichlorprop, disulfoton,
fenitrothion, fenvalerate, malathion, mancozeb, methomyl, naled, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl,
trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .leopardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
aminocarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbophenthion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
dichlorprop, disulfoton, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, malathion, mancozeb,
methomyl, naled, oxydemeton - - <:hyl, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor,
pyrethrin, thiophanate-meth.v :richlorfon.
This level of take is unquant iable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing streams. Due to the small size of certain
life stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-178
-------
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-179
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Greenback cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki stomiasl
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Historic populations of the greenback cutthroat trout that persisted in
Colorado are presently found in Cascade Creek, a tributary of the Huefano
River (Arkansas River drainage) in San Isabel National Forest, Huefano
County; Como Creek, a tributary of Boulder Creek, Roosevelt National
Forest, Boulder County; Hunter Creek and Upper Hutcheson Lake, tributaries
of the St. Vrain River, Rocky Mountain National Park; and the uppermost
headwaters of the Little South Poudre River, Roosevelt National Forest,
Larimer County (the latter 3 sites are in the South Platte drainage).
Through the Greenback Cutthroat Trout Recovery Plan, the greenback has been
reintroduced into Black Hollow Creek (tributary of the Poudre River,
Roosevelt National Forest, Larimer County); the headwaters of the North
Fork Big Thompson River including Lost and Husted Lakes, Hidden Valley
Creek, West Creek, Bear Lake, Ouzel Lake and Ouzel Creek, Fern Lake and
Fern Creek, Lawn Lake, Roaring River, Big Crystal Lake, and Odessa Lake
(all in Rocky Mountain National Park); George Creek, Conelius Creek,
Williams Gulch, East and West Forks of Sheep Creek, May Creek, Pennock
Creek, and Hourglass Creek (all in the Poudre River drainage, Roosevelt
National Forest, Larimer County); Bard Creek, Clear Creek drainage, Pike
National Forest, Clear Creek County; and in the Zinn Ranch ponds, headwaters
of Jackson Creek (Plum Creek drainage to the South Platte River), Pike
National Forest, Douglas County. Greenback cutthroat trout also have been
introduced into Lytle Pond, Duck Pond, and Little Turkey Creek on the
Fort Carson Military Reservation, and Cottonwood Creek (Arkansas River
drainage), Westcliff, San Isabel National Forest, Custer County.
Therefore, the present habitat where greenback cutthroat trout occur is
essentially undisturbed headwaters of drainages from 7,000 to 11,000 feet
elevation in Rocky Mountain National Park, U.S. Forest Service lands (Pike,
Roosevelt, and San Isabel National Forest), and three ponds on Fort Carson
(U.S. Army). With the exception of the Fort Carson Pond, all habitats are
associated with montane conifer forests and meadows.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The primary use pattern in areas associated with the greenback cutthroat
trout would be forest type uses with possibly rangeland uses to a limited
extent. Little or no use of pesticides are expected in Rocky Mountain
National Park and pesticide use on National Forest and military lands would
be primarily for insect control (e.g. spruce budworm) and to control noxious
weeds (e.g. leafy spurge).
111-180
-------
Table 13 was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. Table 14 was
used for carbofuran.
Based on the use patterns that may occur near or adjacent to the greenback
cutthroat trout habitat, the Service believes that 28 of the pesticides
listed on Table 1 and part 5, have a potential to impact this species of
trout primarily through drift as well as runoff into the habitat. The
Service also believes that the use 9 of the 28 pesticides are likely to
jeopardize the continued existence of the greenback cutthroat trout. This
determination is based primarily on the species distribution, known use
patterns, the hazard ratios on both fish and invertebrates as well as other
factors such as persistence and bioaccumulation.
The remaining 33 pesticides in Table 1 and part 5, should not result in
exposure to the greenback cutthroat trout since none of the known registered
uses of those pesticides considered in this consultation are for uses that
occur near this species of trout's habitat.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, disulfoton, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, mancozeb, methomyl,
oxyfluorfen, propachlor, thiophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .ieopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipate^;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
diazinon, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon),
if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
III-181
-------
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an incidental take of 5 to occur annually:
atrazine, benomyl, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos,
copper sulfate, disulfoton, mancozeb, methomyl, oxyfluorfen, propachlor,
thiophanate-methyl.
This level of take is anticipated for the following reasons:
1. These pesticides have a hazard ratio above one(l), so loss of this
species could occur.
2. Past documented losses of this species by pesticides is not
available, so we can only estimate that an incidental take of 1 trout
for each of the streams or ponds outside Rocky Mountain National Park
or a total of 5 fish annually.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-182
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Lahontan cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki henshawi1
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The 1987 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Lahanton cutthroat trout Recovery
Plan restricts the indigenous distribution of the subspecies S.c. henshawi
to the Truckee, Carson, Walker, and Quinn River drainages of the Lahanton
Basin, and to Summit Lake, an isolated basin between the Lahanton and Alvord
Basins in California and Nevada. These include the counties of Sierra,
Nevada, and Placer in California, and Washoe in Nevada (Truckee drainage);
Alpine, California (Carson drainage); Mono, California and Mineral, Nevada
(Walker River drainage); and Humbolt, Nevada (Summit Lake and Quinn River
drainages). Populations have become established outside the foregoing
areas through authorized and unauthorized transplants in Box Elder and
Weber Counties, Utah and elsewhere. Lahontan cutthroat trout are propagated
by the states of California and Nevada for stocking into lakes where natural
reproduction does not occur. Trout are regularly stocked in lakes with
high alkalinity in Oregon and Washington such as Mann Lake, Lake Lenore,
and Omak Lake (11).
Until about 100 years ago, S^. c. henshawi remained abundant in its native
range and supported a commercial fishery. After the introduction of non-
native species of trout—rainbow, which hybridize with henshawi; brown trout
which displaced henshawi in Lake Tahoe--blocking of spawning runs and
general habitat degradation, the Lahontan cuthroat rapidly declined toward
extinction. Other reasons cited for the decline of henshawi as a pure
population include timber harvest and other timber practices, agricultural
development, grazing, urban development, and water pollution from
agriculture, industrial, surface mines and urban runoff.
The most significant influence limiting large-scale restoration of this
species is the introduction and establishment of non-native species of trout
resulting in competition, predation and hybridization.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Prior consultations have focused on forestry uses of chemicals affecting
Lahontan cutthroat trout. Little forest use of chemicals occurs in Nevada
due to the lack of active timber management programs (McNatt, pers. conrn.).
In California, we would expect more widespread use of such chemicals.
However, distribution of trout throughout the Sierra range, and the programs
maintained by the states to propagate and stock these trout in lakes and
streams to support a sport fishery, indicates little likelihood that the
species could be jeopardized by individual or even broad-scale chemical
applications.
III-183
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl,
bifenox, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, fenitrothion,
fenvalerate, malathion, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled,
oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-
methyl, trichlorfon.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and incidental take is
anticipated:
For any or all of the following chemicals, the Service anticipates an
annual level of incidental take of 200 fish to occur: acephate,
atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bifenox, carbaryl, carbofuran,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, disulfoton, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, malathion, mancozeb,
methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon
This level of take is anticipated for the following reasons:
The toxicity of many of the chemicals evaluated indicates a potential
for fish kills associated with normal use (8). Estimates of the number
of trout conceivably exposed to lethal levels of pesticides are
difficult given the extended range of the species, and the potentially
widespread but infrequent use of chemicals. Available data indicate
that Lahontan cutthroat trout exhibit widely varying population
densities depending on stream habitat quality and quantity. In Nevada,
surveyed streams contained from 50-500 trout per stream mile (22). In
California, standing crop ranged from about 15 to nearly 4000 fish per
stream mile (23). The approximate median population density appears
to be about 200 fish per stream mile. The Service believes that
applications of pesticides, according to label instructions, may affect
at least one mile of stream and thus anticipates an incidental take of
200 Lahontan cutthroat trout per year for all chemicals evaluated in
this consultation. Confirmation of this or other estimates of
incidental take will be very difficult. Many streams are in wilderness
areas or are otherwise rarely visited by man. Very little, if any,
chemical analysis or follow-up occurs during post-treatment phases of
forest chemical applications. Thus virtually no mechanism currently
exists to confirm accurately the extent of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
III-184
-------
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take.
Should the identified incidental take is exceeded, the Agency must
reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the circumstances
surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should individual Lahontan cutthroat trout be incidentally taken and
subsequently recovered following application of a chemical, they should be
chilled (preferrably frozen) and contact made with the Service's Reno,
Nevada Field Office at 702/784-5227 for further instructions on the
disposition of remains.
III-185
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Little Kern golden trout (Salmo aguabonita whiten
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Little Kern golden trout presently occur in about fifty-eight miles of
stream habitat and six lakes in the Kern River drainage of Tulare and Kern
Counties, California, habitats supporting about 4500 fish (27). The Kern
County population is not a natural population, but rather is one maintained
by a California State fish hatchery for artifical propagation.
Present known distribution includes nineteen stream sections and six small
lakes. All these waters'are located in the Sequoia National Forest and
Sequoia National Park. The most serious problem with the Little Kern golden
trout is the hybridization with exotic species.
Erosion of stream courses is widespread in localized areas throughout the
Little Kern River drainage. Much of it is natural and occurs in unstable
banks at high flows, in which most of the sediments are carried downstream.
More serious are the consequences of man's activities. The grazing of
domestic livestock alters the streambank vegetation and soil stability
causing erosion and siltation of streams in addition to removing the
protective grass covering of meadows. Also, logging operations have removed
vegetative cover that also protects the trout's habitat. These factors
contribute to the loss of cover for fish, increase water temperatures, and
cause the desiccation and erosion of productive meadow and forest streams.
Little Kern golden trcut are relatively non-migratory. In streams they
remain in a single location for several years. Average movements are
usually within 35 feet and rarely exceed 150 feet. They will move to
spawning areas for reproduction but the distance is still very limited.
Occasionally, individuals will move greater distances, up to 1200 feet or
more, especially if disturbed. Trout in lakes must migrate into outlet or
inlet streams to find suitable spawning habitat.
Numbers of Little Kern golden trout in a stream depends on the amount of
cover present and territoriality. The average number of adults 1n a small
stream is about 500 per mile. Larger streams and those with better habitat
conditions may support twice that number.
Little Kern golden trout in suitable habitats are entirely dependent on food
for survival. The key to this aspect of their biology is insects, both
aquatic and terrestrial. Changes in the abundance and species of insects
could result in commensurate changes in trout growth and survival. Suitable
habitats are in forested areas of Fresno, Tulare, and Kern Counties, subject
to active timber management/harvest and livestock grazing.
III-186
-------
The Little Kern River (Tulare County) and certain tributaries therto have
been established as critical habitat for this species. The area is
virtually entirely incorporated into wilderness status. Livestock grazing
is nevertheless allowed (Lorentzen, pers. comm.). Habitats within
wilderness areas are subject to chemical pollution as products applied
upstream are transported into reaches occupied by the species (Christenson,
pers. comm.).
Timber management involves chemical applications for insect control.
Salvage sales have been the focus of prior formal consultations between
our Service and the Forest Service. The Forest Service is currently
preparing a timber sale within drainages supporting Little Kern golden
trout (Lorentzen, pers. comm.). Controlling/restricting pesticide uses
are identified as management actions required to protect and bring about
recovery of the species (Christenson, 1984).
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Forest and range chemicals, with notable exceptions, exhibit high toxicity
and high predicted hazards to fish and the invertebrate food supplies (8).
Results from toxicity testing are particularly relevant because test species
are invariably trout. No available Agency modeling accurately portrays
results for the flowing water habitats of trout. Table 19 most closely
approximates reality but lacks data for most chemicals and is useful only
in partial contrast to other results. Tables 19A/B represent the closest
depiction of stream conditions.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under
each of these chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, disulfoton, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, malathion,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon,
trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its critical habitat are: acephate, bifenox, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate .
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
IH-187
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
disulfoton, fenitrothion, fenvalerate, malathion, mancozeb, methomyl,
methyl parathion, naled, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, phosmet,
propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin),
if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species or destruction or
adverse modification of its designated critical habitat. Accordingly,
no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should individual Little Kern golden trout be recovered in the course of,
or after, chemical application, they should be chilled immediately and
contact made with the California Department of Fish and Game, Kernville,
California, (619) 376-6502 for further instructions on disposition of
remains.
III-188
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Paiute cutthroat trout (Sajjno clarki seleniris)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The present consensus is that the original distribution of S_. £. seleniris
consisted of about 6 miles of Silver King Creek from some unknown point in
Silver King Canyon upstream to Llewellyn Falls, Alpine County, California.
All present populations are the result of introductions. Paiute cutthroat
trout are presently known from only a few small streams in California: Fly
Valley (1 mile of habitat), Four Mile Canyon (2 miles of habitat), and
Corral Valley Creek (1 mile), all small tributaries to Silver King Creek
in Alpine County, California; also this subspecies now occurs in North
Fork Cottonwood Creek (4 miles). Mono County, and in Stairway Creek (2
miles), Madera County, California. In 1983, Paiute cutthroat trout were
stocked into Heenan Lake (Lahontan basin, Alpine County) as a brood stock
for future propagation efforts. Paiute cutthroat may also occur in Cabin
Creek, Mono County, and in the outlet of Sharktooth Lake, Fresno County,
California. The latter two localities require verification. All streams
are on National Forest lands.
The total number of Paiute trout of 1 year or more in age inhabiting the
approximately 10 miles of habitat in these 5 streams is estimated to be less
than 2000.
Paiute trout, like all trout, are essentially opportunistic feeders. In
their present habitats virtually their entire diet is composed of insects.
In lentic water environments they will also consume crustaceans. Food
requirements are not a limiting factor for the preservation of Paiute trout
or for their successful establishment in new environments. The lack of
any real differences in feeding preferences or niche differentiation from
other species of trout results in the inability of Paiute trout to coexist
with other trout.
The main factor limiting population size is the small habitat size. The
small habitat volume may also limit life span. Very few Paiute trout exceed
3 years of age. Populations will be depressed after severe floods or
droughts. Stream sections with habitat degraded from livestock grazing
could support greater biomass of Paiute trout if habitat improved.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
In previous consultations, the Service evaluated the effects on Pauite
cutthroat trout from forest (Biological Opinion, dated 10/25/84) and
rangeland chemicals (Biological Opinion, 12/1/84). The Service reaffirms
those use categories as the most apprpriate, and has reevaluated those
chemicals to the extent covered in the request.
III-189
-------
There is little direct information on the extent of forest and range
chemical use in the watersheds supporting Paiute cutthroat trout. Range
application of chemicals is likely prevalent over forest use of (often)
these same chemicals.
Since prior consultations, Silver King Creek has been placed in Wilderness
status. Grazing allotments are still active in the drainage of North Fork
Cottonwood Creek (Lorentzen, pers. comm.). Little timber management by
chemical is known to occur outside wilderness areas in the range of the
species.
All rangeland chemicals exhibit significantly high toxicity either to test
fish species (trout) or aquatic invertebrates (LD50/trout: l-100ppb;
LD50/invertebrates: 1-5 parts per billion) (8). Examining the potential
for movement of chemicals into aquatic ecosystems based on Agency models
(8), indicates a significantly high hazard ratio for most chemicals. No
model presented in the request exactly matches the ecological
characteristics of Pauite cutthroat trout stream habitat. Thus, judgments
are rendered on modeling results believed to most closely parallel the
actual habitat conditions (tables 19A and 196).
Moreover, with an estimated population of only 2000 fish, it is important
that protective measures eliminate virtually any potential for adverse
impact or incidental loss.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): captan, carbaryl, chlropyrifos, diazinon,
malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, dimethoate, fenitrothion.
The remainder of the pesticides considered are not likely to affect this
species because their use is not anticipated to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .ieopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (captan, carbaryl, chlropyrifos, diazinon,
malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed 1n
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
III-190
-------
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
Disposition:
Should individual fish be incidentally taken and subsequently recovered,
they should be chilled (preferably frozen) and immediate contact made with
the Service's Sacramento Endangered Species Field Office at (916) 978-
4866 for further instructions on disposition of remains.
III-191
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Woundfin (Plaqopterus arqentissimus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Woundfin currently occur in the Virgin River from the mouth of LaVerkin
Creek, Utah, downstream to Mesquite, Nevada. The occupied habitat is in
Utah (about 36 miles), Arizona (35 miles), and Nevada (12 miles). The
highest quality habitat probably occurs in the Utah portion.
Depths preferred by woundfin appear to range from 5 to 35 centimeters.
Larval and post-larval woundfin appear to live inshore after hatching,
staying in backwaters and along the shoreline in a few millimeters of water,
then moving into deeper water as they grow larger. Little is known about
spawning site requirements. Woundfin fry appear in June. Therefore,
spawning is assumed to begin in late May. Since fry have been found as
late as August, limited spawning may occur throughout the summer, but peak
activity is probably late May to early June.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Numerous agricultural uses occur within the vicinity of woundfin habitat
including rangeland uses as well as corn and small grains (wheat, barley,
and oats). Less than 500 acres of corn were grown in Washington County,
Utah in 1987 while a total of 5,400 acres of wheat, barley, and oats also
were grown in 1987. Exactly how much of this was grown in close proximity
to the Virgin River is unknown. However, an unquantified factor leading to
the endangerment of the woundfin may be pollution by chemicals such as
pesticides, and fertilizers added to the river from returning irrigation
waters. Mosquito larvicides also are used in the area.
Tables 9 (mosquito larvicide) and 13 (rangeland and certain crops) were
used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater fish. Table 14 was used for
the granular carbofuran and phorate.
It appears that 47 of the pesticides listed in Table 1 and methoprene in
part 5, have a potential to impact the woundfin through drift of the
pesticide into the habitat of the woundfin as well as runoff directly into
the habitat or through irrigation return water. Applying mosquito
larvicides directly to the habitat certainly will have an adverse Impact
on the woundfin. Of these 48 pesticides, it appears that the use of 34 of
them are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the woundfin.
The Service has based this determination primarily on the species
distribution, known use patterns, hazard ratios of both fish and
invertebrates and a number of other factors including persistance,
bioaccumulation, and in some cases, lack of sufficient information on one
or more of the above factors.
III-192
-------
The registered use of 14 pesticides in Table 1 are not likely to jeopardize
the continued existence of the woundfin. The Service also has determined
that there would not be exposure to the woundfin from the remaining 12
pesticides in Table 1 and fenitrothion in part 5. This is because none of
the known registered uses of those pesticides considered in this
consultation are for used that occur near woundfin habitat.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan,
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, disulfoton,
endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fensulfothion, fenvalerate,
fonofos, isofenphos, malathion, methidathion, methoprene, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, naled, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin, phorate, phosmet,
propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, bifenox, carbofuran, chlorothalonil,
copper sulfate, dimethoate, diuron, mancozeb, methomyl, nitrapyrin,
oxyfluorfen, propazine, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .leooardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan,
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, disulfoton,
endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fensulfothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion, methidathion, methoprene,
methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, oxydemeton-methyl, permethrin,
phorate, phosmet, propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, terbufos,
trichlorfon, trifluralin), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives
listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate
that the proposed action will result in any incidental take of the
species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an incidental take of 25 annually to occur:
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, mancozeb, methomyl,
oxyfluorfen, propazine, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
This level of take is anticipated for the following reasons:
III-193
-------
1. These pesticides have a hazard ratio above one (1), so some loss
of this species could occur.
2. Within quality woundfin habitat (Washington County, Utah), 500
acres of corn are grown. All but copper sulfate are registered for
use on that crop.
3. Four of these pesticides are used on 5,400 acres of barley, wheat
and oats in Washington County.
4. Until pesticide mortality data are available, we can only estimate
an annual incidental take of 25 woundfin.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-194
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Flat-spired three-toothed snail (Tridopsis platvsavoides)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
This land snail is a geographically restricted species known only from a
small area adjacent to the Cheat River Canyon in Monongalia and Preston
Counties, West Virginia. The snail inhabits isolated patches of deep leaf
litter and sheltered retreats among sandstone boulders in forested areas.
The species is thought to feed on leaf litter and on lichens on rock
surfaces.
Exposure of this species to diflubenzuron (the only pesticide for which
consultation on this species was requested) would occur during spraying of
the forests in which its habitat occurs. The snail could be exposed
directly or by contamination of its food source. Greatest exposure would
probably occur by feeding on the surfaces of leaves lost from trees
following spraying.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Based on the information provided in the request and other information
indicating low toxicity to snails, the Service concludes that use of
diflubenzuron is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of T.
platvsavoides.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of this chemical
and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-195
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Painted snake coiled forest snail (Anquisoira picta)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The painted snake coiled forest snail is a mollusc found only in Franklin
County, Tennessee. It inhabits only rocky limestone crevices with dense
forest cover. The section in request part 3 that addresses this species
deals with the chemical diflubenzuron (dimilin). This chemical acts only
as a chitin inhibitor. Since snails do not have chitin, the Service concurs
with the Agency's determination that this chemical can be removed from the
list of chemicals jeopardizing the species.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Diflubenzuron is not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
painted snake coiled forest snail because its mode of action cannot harm the
species.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of this chemical
and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-196
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Virginia fringed mountain snail (Polyqyriscus virqinianus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
This land snail is a geographically restricted species known only from the
wooded bluffs along the New River in Pulaski County, Virginia. It is a
burrowing species which rarely comes to the surface and is presumed to feed
on organic detritus.
Exposure of this species to diflubenzuron (the only pesticide for which
consultation on this species was requested) is unlikely to occur. Any
pesticide adhering to fallen leaves would be expected to breakdown before
reaching the underground habitat of this species.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Based on the information provided in the request and the low probability
of exposure of this species, the Service concludes that use of diflubenzuron
is not likely to jeopardize its continued existence.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of this chemical
and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the-Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-197
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Curtus' mussel (Pleurobema curtum)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This species is historically reported from the Big Black River, Mississippi
and the Tombigbee River, Monroe and Itawamba Counties, Mississippi, and
Dickens County, Alabama. It now occurs only in the east fork of the
Tombigbee River in a reach near the confluence of Bull Mountain Creek
(Monroe and Itawamba Counties). This population was bypassed by the
Tennessee Tombigbee Waterway, and is not affected by the operation of that
waterway. The major cause for decline is alteration of free-flowing river
habitat into a series of'impoundments causing suffocation, increased
siltation, flow reduction and physical destruction.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, bensulide, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan,
ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, isofenphos,
mancozeb, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin,
SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon.
III-198
-------
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, bensulide, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate,
endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos,
malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, SSS-
tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-199
-------
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-200
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Judge Tail's mussel (Pleurobema taitanum)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Judge Tail's mussel was previously found in the Alabama River at Claiborne
(Monroe County) and Selma (Dallas County); the Coosa River (Coosa, Chilton,
and possibly Elmore Counties); the mainstem Tombigbee River from near Epes
(Sumter and Greene Counties), Alabama to the confluence of Tibbee Creek
(Monroe County, Mississippi); and the East Fork Tombigbee River from
Smithville (Monroe County, Mississippi) to the confluence of Mill Creek
(Itawamba County, Mississippi).
This mussel is presently restricted to a bendway of the Tombigbee River
below Gainsville Dam in Sumter County, Alabama; the East Fork Tombigbee
River in a reach from Smithville, Mississippi, upstream to the confluence
of Mill Creek (Monroe and Itawamba Counties, Mississippi); the Buttahatchie
River downstream of Alabama Highway 17 (Lowndes County, Mississippi and
Pickens County, Alabama); and in the Sipsey River downstream of Lewiston
(Pickens and Greene Counties), Alabama.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Judge Tait's mussel was last collected from the mainstem Tombigbee River
in 1972. Habitat remaining in the mainstem Tombigbee is marginal and any
remaining mussels must cope with the continuing impacts of siltation,
reduced water flows due to water divesion and dams, water quality
degradation, and possible loss of their fish host.
Generally the decline is attributed to impoundments, navigation
(channelization for barge traffic), flood control in the Alabama river
system, and to construction of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (waterway)
on the Tombigbe River. The loacation of the remaining Judge Tait's mussels
away from the navigation waterway's channel allowed them to escape the
full force of the threats that extirpated it elsewhere in the Tombigbee
River.
The Judge Tait's mussel has greatly declined in range and/or numbers in
the Tombigbee River. The modification of the free-flowing Tombigbee River
into a series of impoundments adversely impacted the mussel, reducing flow,
and sufficating juveniles with sediment.
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/range!ands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
III-201
-------
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, bensulide, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan,
ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion,
methidathion, mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, bensulide, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate,
endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos,
malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, SSS-
tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
III-202
-------
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-203
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Marshall's mussel (Pleurobema marshalli)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The species is reported historically to have occurred in the mainstem of the
Tombigbee River from Columbus, Mississippi downstream to Epes, Alabama.
It now occurs in the river only in a Bendway in Greene and Sumter Counties
below Gainesville Dam, Alabama. Construction of the Tennessee-Tombigbee
Waterway caused siltation created impoundments and modified habitat through
dredging and cutoffs. All these factors contributed to the species decline.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos,fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
III-204
-------
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-205
-------
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-206
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Penitent mussel (Epioblasma penita)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This mussel historically occurred in the Tombigbee River from near
Gainesville, Alabama, upstream to the confluence with Mill Creek (Sumter,
Greene, and Perry Counties, Alabama, and Lowndes, Clay, Monroe and Itawamba
Counties, Mississippi); in the Alabama River near Claiborne (Monroe County,
Alabama); in the Cahaba River Perry County, Alabama) and in the Coosa River
(Calhoun, St. Clair, Shelby, and Talladega Counties, Alabama).
The penitent mussel is presently known from the bendway below Gainesville
Dam on the mainstem Tombigbee River (Greene and Sumter Counties, Alabama),
the Buttahatchie River upstream to the vicinity of State Highway 17 (Monroe
County, Mississippi), and the East Fork Tombigbee River from a point near
Smithville, Mississippi, upstream to the confluence with Mill Creek (Monroe
and Itawamba Counties, Mississippi)
The decline of the penitent mussel (Epioblasma penita) is directly related
to habitat destruction or alteration. Habitat in Alabama and Coosa Rivers
has been modified by impoundment and channelization for navigation, flood
control and hydro-power production. The only specimen taken from the Cahaba
River was collected in the 1800's and more recent collections have failed
to find this species. With the exception of a bendway below Gainesville
Dam in Alabama, the habitat in the mainstem Tombigbee River was destroyed
by construction of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
III-207
-------
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, bensulide, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan,
ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion,
methidathion, mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorothithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species
habitat
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, bensulide, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate,
endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos,
malathion, methidathion, mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, SSS-
tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
III-208
-------
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-209
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Louisiana pearlshell (Marqaritifera hembeli)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This species is thought to have occurred historically in streams throughout
the Bayou Boeuf drainage, Louisiana. However, its distribution has now been
reduced to 11 streams. Ninety percent of the known population is in four
streams: Long Branch Bayou Clear, Loving Creek and Little Loving Creek.
Total population is estimated at 10,000 individuals. Impoundments, both
natural and man made, have eliminated populations throughout the Bayou.
Other threats result from sedimentation, silvicultural practices and
domestic runoff.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fishes for many listed mussel
species have not been identified, but those which have been include members
of the sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
III-210
-------
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
III-211
-------
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-212
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Alabama lamp pearly mussel (Lampsilis vlrescens)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Alabama lamp pearly mussel occurred historically in the Tennessee River
system from central Tennessee through northern Alabama. It occurred in
the Tennessee River at Tuscumbia, Alabama and in Spring Creek, Tuscumbia and
Beech Creek, south of Guntersville, Alabama. This species was collected
in the Emory River in Roane and Morgan Counties, Tennessee and in Coal
Creek, a tributary of the Clinch River. Anderson County, Tennessee.
Records for Bear Creek, Colbert County, Alabama and Little Bear Creek,
Franklin County, Alabama as well as the Paint Rock River and Tennessee
River, Jackson County, Alabama are available. Shell mounds in Lauderdale
County, Alabama also contained this species. A record for Crow Creek,
Jackson County, Alabama was reported, but it has not been included in
subsequent records of historic distribution.
U. virescens has been recently taken (since 1964) from the Paint Rock River
and its tributaries, Hurricane Creek, Estill Fork and Larkin Fork, Alabama.
A survey by The Valley Authority in 1980 recorded this species at 3 of 28
collecting sites, 2 in the Paint Rock River and 1 in Hurricane Creek. Of
6 sites sampled on the Paint Rock River in 1965 and 1967, the Alabama lamp
was collected from 2 locations in the Paint Rock and 1 in Larkin Ford.
This species was also collected live from Larkin Fork in 1969 and in the
upstream portion of Estill Fork in Tennessee.
This species appears to show a preference for tributary streams and inhatits
sand and gravel substrates in small to medium sized streams.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
III-213
-------
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-214
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical i'n
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-215
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPtCIES: Appalachian monkeyface pearly mussel (Quadrula soarsa)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Appalachian monkeyface pearly mussel is a member of the Cumberland!an
mussel fauna inhabiting the Upper Tennessee River System. This mussel
occurs in the Powell River (Clairborne and Hancock Counties) and the
Cumberland River (Smith, Trousdale and Wilson Counties) in Tennessee.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
III-216
-------
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-217
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
•information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-218
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Birdwing pearly mussel (Conradilla caelata)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The birdwing pearly mussel is a member of the Cumberlandian mussel fauna
inhabiting the Upper Tennessee River System. This mussel occurs in the
following rivers in Tennessee: Duck River (Bedford, Marshall and Maury
Counties), Elk River (Lincoln County), Powell and Clinch Rivers (Claiborne
and Hancock Counties), Nolichucky River (Greene County) and Buffalo River
(Wayne County). In Virginia it occurs in the Clinch River and Copper Creek
(Scott and Russell Counties) and the Powell River (Lee County).
v
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
III-219
-------
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish for this species may be the
banded darter, Ethestoma zonale (Recovery plan).
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of
the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron,
disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos, mancozeb, methomyl,
methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite,
sulporfos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-220
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-221
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Cumberland bean pearly mussel (Villosa trabalis)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Cumberland bean pearly mussel historically occurred in tributary streams
of the Tennessee River and the upper Cumberland River drainage in Virginia,
Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, and Alabama. It is now restricted to tributary
streams of the upper Cumberland River in Kentucky and Tennessee.
This species has been taken (since 1970) from the Little South Fork
Cumberland River. Live and freshly dead specimens have been collected
throughout a 35 mile section of the Little South Fork and at one location
on Kennedy Creek.
The species has also been reported from Buck Creek and Rockcastle River,
including its tributaries, Middle Fork Rockcastle River, Horse!ick Creek,
and Roundstone Creek, in Kentucky. One live specimen was collected in
1980 from the Big South Fork Cumberland River at Station Camp Creek, Scott
County, Tennessee. This specimen represents the first record of the
Cumberland bean in the Tennessee section of the Big South Fork. On December
9, 1985, two living and two dead specimens were found in the Big South
Fork, Scott County, Tennessee.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts. A total
of 51 impoundments on the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers has eliminated
large sections of riverine habitat within the historic range of the
Cumberland bean. Although siltation has been suggested as the most
significant adverse effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental
factors include lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion,
and dewatering of mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and
metabolic rate of mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as
heavy metals and agricultural chemicals.
Coal waste from mining activities has contributed additional particulate
matter to natural sediment loads, particularly in the Cumberland drainage.
Negative impacts on mussels from coal mining, coal washing, and fly ash
waste have been identified as major problems to recovery of this species.
Water pollution is amother major factor that has contributed to the
endangered status of \L. trabalis. numerous streams in the upper Tennessee
drainage were polluted by the early twentieth century, and the mussel fauna
was in a decline at that time. The decline of this specie in the upper
III-222
-------
Cumberland system has been attributed to pollution from acid mine wastes.
The historic population in the Clinch River was likely affected by chemical
spills in 1967 and 1970 at the APCO plant in Carbo, Virginia. All of the
factors mentioned above (impoundments, siltation, coal mining, and water
pollution) are still considered potential threats to remaining populations
of VA. trabalis. Other factors that may be affecting this species include
colloectin by conchologists, the invasion of the Asiatic clam (Corbicula
fluminea) into the Tennessee and Cumberland drainages, and the smaller
gene pool which may be approaching minimum population size need for
sufficient genetic variation to respond to environmental changes.
Substantial mussel die-offs of unknown origin have occurred in the Tennessee
and Cumberland River drainages since 1982 also pose a threat to the species'
survival.
The host fish(es) for this mussel has not been identified, but hosts for
other mussels include members of the sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin
families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
III-223
-------
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable
and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
•mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-224
-------
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-225
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Cumberland monkeyface pearly mussel (Quadrula intermedia)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Cumberland monkeyface pearly mussel is a member of the Cumberland!an
mussel fauna inhabiting the Upper Tennessee River System. This species
occurs in the following rivers in Tennessee: Duck River (Bedford, Marshall
and Maury Counties), Elk River (Moore County), Powell River (Clairborne
and Hancock Counties) and Big South Fork (Scott County).
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific differences
in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost invariably
include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae, protozoa, and
zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders, they are
expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those pesticides which
adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
III-226
-------
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the sunfish,
minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-227
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take Is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-228
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Curtis' pearly mussel (Eoioblasma florentina curtisi)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The species historically occured at scattered locations in the White and
St. Francis River basins in southern Missouri and northern Arkansas.
Present distribution includes the Castor River, Cane Creek (a tributary of
the Black) and Little Black River; it is presently known from six sites
(6.1 miles of the upper Little Black and seven miles or less of the Castor
River, upstream from the Headwater Diversion Channel). Stream gradients of
0.9 to 8.0 feet per mile and course substrate in riffle areas of small to
moderate sized rivers are characterized as the habitat. Dam construction,
siltation and possible elimination of host species are causes for population
decline.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Principle concerns with pesticides are runoff and drift from forestry,
agriculture and rangeland uses.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, methyl parathion, naled, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, malathion,
methidathion, methomyl, mevinphos, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyflourfen, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon,
III-229
-------
propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion,
methyl parathion, naled, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, dicofol, dimethoate, disulfoton,
ethion, ethoprop, malathion, permethrin, phosmet, pyrethrin, terbufos.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because absolute numbers in the population (or subpopulations) are
unknown and cannot be determined and there is little likelihood that
mortalities of either glochidia or adults will be detected.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-230
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Dromedary pearly mussel (Dromus dromusl
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The dromedary pearly mussel is a member of the Cumberlandian mussel fauna
inhabiting the Upper Tennessee River System. This mussel occurs in the
Clinch River (Scott County, Virginia and Claiborne and Hancock Counties,
Tennessee), Powell River (Claiborne and Hancock Counties, Tennessee),
Tennessee River (Meigs and Rhea Counties, Tennessee) and Cumberland River
(Monroe County, Kentucky).
The mussel fauna in most'streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include lowered
water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of mussel
beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of mussels can
also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and agricultural
chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific differences
in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost invariably
include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae, protozoa, and
zooplankters, Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders, they are
expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those pesticides which
adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
III-231
-------
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-232
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-233
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Green-blossom pearly mussel (Epioblasma tortulosa gubernaculum)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The green-blossom pearly mussel is extremely rare, almost to the point of
extinction. It is a member of the Cumberlandian mussel fauna inhabiting
the Upper Tennessee River System, but is presently known only to occur in
the Nolichucky River near Greeneville, Tennessee.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
III-234
-------
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-235
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .leopardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
.information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-236
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Higgin's eye pearly mussel (Lampsilis Mgginsl)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS I and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The species is presently found in the Upper Mississippi Rivers from
Brownsville, Minnesota to Burlington, Iowa and in the St. Croix River
between Prescott and Hudson. The primary reasons for decline include
changes in water quality resulting from municipal, industrial, and
agricultural effluents. Physical changes brought about by navigation
systems are also a primary factor for decline.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Service recognizes that the large volume of water associated with the
species' habitat creates a situation wherein this species is unlikely to
be jeopardized by registered uses of pesticides. However, because one of
the principle reasons for decline include water quality deteriation,
incidental take terms and conditions for some pesticides are included.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol,
dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion,
ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos,
isofenphos, mancozeb, malathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyflourfen,
pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos,
terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon,
trifluralin.
III-237
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, phosmet, trichlorfon
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because absolute numbers in the population (or subpopulations) are
unknown and cannot be determined and there is little likelihood that
mortalities of either glochidia or adults will be detected.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-238
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Little-wing pearly mussel (Peqias fabula)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The little-wing pearly mussel is a member of the Cumberland!an mussel fauna
inhabiting the Upper Tennessee River System. This mussel occurs in the
Clinch River (Tazewell County, Virginia), North and Middle Forks of the
Holston River (Smyth County, Virginia), and the Rockcastle River (Jackson
County), Red River (Logan County), Cumberland River (McCreary, Todd, Wayne
and Whitney Counties), Beaver Creek (Wayne County) and Carie Creek (Putnam
and Van Buren Counties) in Kentucky.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
III-239
-------
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fishes for many listed mussel
species have not been identified, but those which have been include members
of the sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-240
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-241
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Orange-footed pearly mussel (Plethobasus coooerianus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This species is an Interior Basin species (Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee
River drainage). It is considered an extremely rare species, presently
known only from these three rivers and the Greene River in Kentucky (Butler
and Warren Counties). The largest concentrations probably occur in the
Tennessee River below Pickwick Dam. In the Ohio River, the species was
collected in 1982 near Metropolis, Illinois and one freshly dead specimen
was found two miles below Lock and Dam 53 in 1981. Factors contributing
to the decline include impoundment, siltation and in all likelihood
pollution.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
As in the case for other large river species, it is unlikely the species
will be jeopardized by registered uses of pesticides. Concern on some
chemicals is expressed under the incidental take section.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol,
dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion,
ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos,
isofenphos, mancozeb, malathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
mevinphos, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyflourfen,
pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
III-242
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, phosmet, trichlorfon
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because absolute numbers in the population (or subpopulations) are
unknown and cannot be determined and there is little likelihood that
mortalities of either glochidia or adults will be detected.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-243
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Pale lilliput pearly mussel (Toxolasma cvlindrellus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This species once occurred in the lower Tennessee River drainage in the
following systems: Swamp Creek (Mobile River), Whitfield County, Georgia;
Little Pigeon River, Sevier County, Tennessee; Sequatchie and Little
Sequatchie Rivers, Marion County, Tennessee; Paint Rock River and Larkin
Fork, Jackson County, Alabama; Flint River and Indian Creek, Madison County,
Alabama; Elk River, Franklin County, Tennessee; Duck River, Tennessee and
Buffalo River, Perry, Wayne, and Lewis Counties, Tennessee.
The pale lilliput pearly mussel is an inhabitant of stream riffles species
and is presently known from the Paint Rock River and its headwater streams,
Hurricane Creek and Estill Fork. A Tennessee Valley Authority survey of
the Paint Rock system in northern Alabama reported this species in the
Paint Rock below the confluence with Hurricane Creek (PRRM 59.9) and in
Hurricane Creek. In 1978 freshly dead specimens were taken in Estill Fork
near Freedom Bridge (EFM 1.1). It has also been reported in recent times
(1960's) from Larkin Fork of the Paint Rock, Jackson County, Alabama; and
the Duck River from Hickman to Bedford counties, Tennessee. This species
is rare and very localized in occurrence.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the Tennessee River drainage has been
impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. Water pollution has
probably contributed to the decline of this species. Numerous tributaries
in the Tennessee River drainage were polluted already by the twentieth
century, and the mussel fauna was in a decline at that time. Coal and
mineral mining wastes have contributed additional particulate and chemical
pollutants to the tributaries.
In the Duck River, completion of Normandy Dam in 1976 and the proposed
Columbia Dam have or will probably eliminate any specimens of L.
cvlindrellus in that river. Completion of Tims Ford Dam on the Elk River
probably contributed to the elimination of that historic population. The
population in Larkin Fork may have been eliminated by agricultural chemical
spraying. Poor land use practices and environmental contaminants are the
most likely future threats to the remaining populations of the pale
lilliput.
The host fish(es) for this mussel has not been identified, but hosts for
other mussels include members of the sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin
families.
III-244
-------
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .ieooardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
III-245
-------
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methldathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, propazine, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon),
if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-246
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Pink mucket pearly mussel (Lampsilis orblculata)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The pink mucket pearly mussel is an Interior Basin species, historically
occurring in 25 river systems. Recent records include the Ohio, Muskingum,
White, Wabash, Illinois, St. Francis, Clinch, Powell, Cumberland, Tennessee
Nolichucky (Tennessee), Green (Kentucky) and Kanawha (West Virginia) Rivers.
Successful reproduction is occurring in the Meramec River in Missouri.
The Osage River in Missouri also has known populations and smaller
populations are found in the Big, Black, Little Black, and Gasconade Rivers
(Missouri).
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Causes for decline include impoundment, siltation, and, in all likelihood,
pollution. Usually an inhabitant of medium to large rivers, this species
appears to have adapted to life in the river-lake conditions of the upper
reaches of impoundments (Recovery plan). As in the case of other large
river species, it is unlikely this species will be jeopardized by registered
uses considered in this opinion. Concern for some chemicals is expressed
under the incidental take section.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol,
dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate,
fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, malathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl
parathion, mevinphos, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyflourfen, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon,
propachlor, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, sulprofos,
III-247
-------
terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, phosmet, trichlorfon
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because absolute numbers in the population (or subpopulations) are
unknown and cannot be determined and there is little likelihood that
mortalities of either glochidia or adults will be detected.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-248
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Turbercled-blossom pearly mussel (Eoioblasma torulosa torulosa)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Historically this species occurred throughout the Tennessee River system
below the Knoxville, Cumberland River, and the Ohio River system. Except
for a fresh-dead specimen from the Kanawha River in Fayette County, West
Virginia, found in 1969, no recent records exist for this species.
E. t. torulosa is a riverine species typically found in rivers with
shallow sand and gravel shoals and rapid current. This species does not
occur in the impounded sections of rivers. It is intolerant of silt and
water pollution, and requires ample water flow and stable substrate for
survival. This species may be extinct (Recovery plan).
Habitat of the glochidia is initially within the gills of the female, then
in the water column, and finally attached to a suitable fish host. Any
alteration of these life stage-specific habitats during its life cycle
would affect the survival of remnant populations. Habitat requirements or
associations for the juvenile stage are unknown.
There are no known interspecific differences in feeding among freshwater
mussels. Adult mussels are filter-feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The major land use adjacent to the remaining habitat of this endangered
mussel is forest/woodland; very little acreage is in crops or pasture.
Therefore, only those pesticides used on forest/woodland are expected to
affect this species. Table 18 (runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was
considered to provide the best indication of hazard for the mussels and
their fish hosts. Therefore, hazard ratios from this table were used,
when available; otherwise Table 12 was used. Unfortunately, with a few
exceptions these tables do not include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating
the use of daphnia or other crustacean hazard ratios as the best available.
In addition to the hazard ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to
oysters was considered when available in the Agency's 1986 publication,
"Acute Toxicity Handbook of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these
data are helpful, they are still not reliable for this purpose because of
the many differences in the biology of oysters and freshwater mussels,
including completely different larval forms and adaptation to very different
natural habitats.
III-249
-------
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinophos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, malathion, pyrethrin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox,
chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled,
oxyflourfen, propachlor, thiophanate-methyl, and trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinophos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, malathion, pyrethrin), if the reasonable and
prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of Incidental take to occur:
methomyl, methyl parathion, naled.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain burled
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
III-250
-------
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-251
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Turgid-blossom pearly mussel (Eoioblasma turqidula)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The turgid-blossom was widespread in the Tennessee River system and was
reported from the following rivers: Tennessee, Elk, Duck, Holston, Clinch,
Emory and Shoals and Bear Creeks, Alabama. It also occurred in the
Cumberland River, White River, Missouri and Arkansas, and Spring Creek and
Block River, Arkansas. According to recent reviews, this species occurred
in Spring Creek, Sharp Co., Arkansas, White River, Arkansas; Clinch and
Emory Rivers, Roane Co., Tennessee; Holston River, Hawkins and Knox
Counties, Tennessee; Bear Creek, Franklin Co., Alabama; Shoals Creek and
Tennessee River, Lauderdale Co., Alabama; Elk River, Tennessee; and Duck
River, Bedford and Maury Counties, Tennessee.
£.. turqidula may be extinct. The last report of this species was in the
Duck River near Normandy, Bedford Co., Tennessee in the mid-1960's.
Completion of Normandy Dam in 1976 apparently eliminated the last known
population. This species prefers fast flowing, shallow water over a sand
and gravel substrate.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the Tennessee River drainage has been
impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts. Although
siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse effect of
impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include lowered water
temperatures, pH changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of mussel beds
below dams. Mussel deaths can occur in substrate on which 0.6-2.5 cm of
silt has accumulated, resulting in interference with feeding and
suffocation. The siphoning period and metabolic rate of mussels can also
be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and agricultural chemicals.
Water pollution has probably contributed to the decline of this species and
other Eoioblasma species. Acid mine drainage in tributaries of the
Cumberland River has nearly eliminated the most diverse group of Epioblasma.
Numerous tributaries in the upper Tennessee River drainage were polluted
already by the twentieth century and the mussel fauna was in a decline at
that time.
The genus Epioblasma has been considered the most highly developed and
recently evolved group of mussel species, at least 8 of which have recently
become extinct. The decline of L_ turqidula and extinction of other
Epioblasma cannot be explained, but appears to be symptomatic of a general
synecological problem that exists between Epioblasma and chronic
III-252
-------
environmental changes that have occurred and apparently are continuing in
eastern rivers. Because this species is so rare (possibly extinct), the
causes for its decline will remain conjectural.
Substantial mussel die-offs of unknown origin have occurred in the Tennessee
River drainage since 1982 and have likely reduced population numbers.
Future die-offs pose a direct threat to species' survival.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dlcrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-253
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take Is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation,
Chemicals for which no .leopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-254
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: White cat's paw pearly mussel (Eoioblasma sulcata delicatal
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 5
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The species has been recorded within ten river systems from New York to
Indiana and Lake Erie. Since 1970, the only specimens collected within the
species range are from one location in Fish Creek, Williams County, Ohio.
For purposes of this consultation, that location is considered as the
present known range.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Fish Creek is relatively small and flows through largely altered habitats
with agriculture, urban development and small woodlots interspersed. The
primary concern with pesticides include drift and runoff though there are
many other factors which may influence the survival of the species.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl
parathion, methyl parathion, naled, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion, ethoprop, fenamiphos,
fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, malathion,
methidathion, methomyl, mevinphos, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton- methyl,
oxyflourfen, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon,
propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
III-255
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat, or, in the case of acephate and diflubenzuron, their effect is
expected to be minor because of the chemical's low toxicity.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethyl parathion,
methyl parathion, naled, tricnlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent
alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not
anticipate that the proposed action will result in any incidental take
of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .leopardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, carbofuran, carbophenothion, dicofol, dimethoate, disulfoton,
ethion, ethoprop, malathion, permethrin, phosmet, pyrethrin, terbufos.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because absolute numbers in the population (or subpopulations) are
unknown and cannot be determined and there is little likelihood that
mortalities of either glochidia or adults will be detected.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No Incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-256
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: White wartyback pearly mussel (Plethobasus cicatricosus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The white wartyback pearly mussel occurred in the mainstem and several
tributaries of the Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee Rivers. Historical
records exist for the following rivers: Tennessee River, Holston River,
and Kanawha River. States included in this historic distribution are
Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, Indiana, and Illinois. Because
many of the records for this species are old, precise data for many
collection sites is lacking. A summary of historical records and sources
of those records are included in the recovery plan for this species.
This species has become increasingly rare, almost to the point of extinction
throughout its known historic range. All recent records of this species
are from the original Tennessee River channel. One freshly dead specimen
was collected in 1979 from a commercial cull pile below Pickwick Dam (TRM
206.7) near Savannah, Tennessee. Another specimen was taken from the same
cull pile in 1982. These were old specimens, perhaps predating some of
the dams on the Tennessee River. These two records are the only recent
collections made since the mid-1960's. A small, non-reproducing population
may still occur below Wilson Dam in northern Alabama. This species is on
the brink of extinction.
This mussel is a big river shoal species, living in sand and gravel
substrates.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
III-257
-------
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any Incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of Incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
III-258
-------
In the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-259
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Yellow-blossom pearly mussel (Epioblasma florentina florentina)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This CumberlandIan species was widely distributed in the Tennessee and
Cumberland Rivers and was reported from the following systems: Tennessee
and Flint Rivers, and Hurricane, Limestone, Bear, and Cypress Creeks,
Alabama; Elk, Duck, Holston, Little Tennessee, and Clinch Rivers, and Citico
Creek, Tenessee; and Cumberland River, Kentucky. A summary of historical
records is in the recovery plan.
This species may be extinct. The most recent records were from Citico
Creek, Tennessee in 1957 and from the Little Tennessee River, Tennessee in
the mid-1960's. The following records by Herbert Athearn are the most recent
for this species (11):
Citico Creek - Citico Bridge
1.5 miles above confluence with Little
Tennessee River
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest and woodland. Therefore, only forest use pesticides were considered
to affect this species. Table 18 (runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was
considered to provide the best indication of hazard for the mussels and
their fish hosts. Therefore, hazard ratios from this table were used,
when available; otherwise Table 12 was used. Unfortunately, with a few
exceptions, these tables do not include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating
the use of daphnia or other crustacean hazard ratios as the best available.
In addition to the hazard ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to
oysters was considered when available in the Agency's 1986 publication,
"Acute Toxicity Handbook of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these
data are helpful, they are still not reliable for this purpose because of
the many differences in the biology of oysters and freshwater mussels,
including completely different larval forms and adaptation to very different
natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
III-260
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethion, malathion, pyrethrin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox,
chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled,
oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethion, malathion, pyrethrin), if
the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, phosmet.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
III-261
-------
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-262
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Fine-rayed pigtoe (Fusconaia cuneolus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The fine-rayed pigtoe is a member of the Cumber!andian mussel fauna
inhabiting the Upper Tennessee River System. Populations occur in several
tributaries of the Tennessee River above Mussel Shoals, Alabama, and in the
North Fork Holston River (Hawkins and Sullivan Counties, Tennessee), Clinch
River (Anderson, Clairbourne and Grainger Counties, Tennessee and Russell,
Scott and Tazewell Counties, Virginia), Powell River (Claiborne, Grainger
and Hancock Counties, Tennessee and Lee County, Virginia) Elk River (Lincoln
County, Tennessee), Paint Rock River (Jackson County, Alabama), and Little
River (Blount County, Tennessee).
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, pH changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended In.the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably Include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
III-263
-------
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/range!ands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, Isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-264
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no Incidental take Is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no ."jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-265
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Rough pigtoe (Pleurobema plenum)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The rough pigtoe is a member of the Cumberland!an mussel fauna inhabiting
the Upper Tennessee River System. The species is presently known from the
Tennessee (Decatur, Hardin, Meigs, Perry and Rhea Counties), Clinch
(Anderson and Hancock Counties), and Barren (Warren County) Rivers in
Tennessee and the Green (Edmonson, Green, Hart and Taylor Counties) in
Kentucky.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is probably a shoal species found in a sand and gravel
substrate in medium to large rivers. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable Incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels 1s not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
III-266
-------
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/range!ands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-267
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
.information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-268
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Shiny pigtoe (Fusconaia edgariana)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The shiny pigtoe is a member of the Cumber!andian mussel fauna inhabiting
the Upper Tennessee River System. Its present range includes portions of
the North Fork Holston (Virginia), Clinch and Powell (Clairbourne, Grainger
and Hancock Counties, Tennessee), Elk (Lincoln County, Tennessee) and Paint
Rock Rivers (Alabama).
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable Incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
III-269
-------
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel have been
tentatively identified as the common shiner, Notropis cornutus. and the
whitetail shiner, Notropis galacturus.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/range!ands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency' 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur 1n the species'
habitat.
III-270
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take 1s anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-271
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Fat pocketbook (Potamilus caoax)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Most records for this species are from three river systems, the Mississippi,
above St. Louis, Missouri, the Wabash River in Indiana and the St. Francis
River in Arkansas. Recent collections within these three systems have
found speciments only from the Wabash and White Rivers in Indiana and for
the purposes of this consultation, locations within those two systems are
consided as current range. The species is also found in the Green and
Tennessee Rivers in Kentucky. Reasons for decline of the population include
activities related to navigation and flood control, siltation and pollution,
although documentation for pollution is lacking.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Water volumes within the rivers make it unlikly that the species will be
jeopardized by registered uses of pesticides. Concern on some chemicals
is expressed in the incidental take section.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol,
dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate,
fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, malathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl
parathion, mevinphos, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyflourfen, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon,
propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon,
trifluralin.
III-272
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, phosmet, trichlorfon
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because absolute numbers in the population (or subpopulations) are
unknown and cannot be determined and there is little likelihood that
mortalities of either glochidia or adults will be detected.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-273
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Tan riffle shell (Epioblasma walkeri)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The tan riffle shell is a member of the Cumberlandian mussel fauna
inhabiting the Upper Tennessee River System. The only recent collection
of this species is from the Middle Fork Holston River in Smyth and
Washington Counties, Virginia, although it may still occur in the Duck and
Red Rivers in Tennessee and the Cumberland River in Kentucky as well.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include lowered
water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of mussel
beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of mussels can
also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and agricultural
chemicals.
Domestic sewage poses the most serious threat to this species.
This species is a headwater form characteristically found in shallow riffles
or runs in small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide
into one of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable
concentration may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel
species in the immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific differences
in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost invariably
include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae, protozoa, and
zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders, they are
expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those pesticides which
adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
III-274
-------
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of.the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-275
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .leopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take 1s anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-276
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: James River spinymussel (Pleurobema collina)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Once widely distributed in the James River drainage above Richmond,
Virginia, this species is now limited to a few headwater tributaries of the
James River in Virginia and West Virginia: Craig Creek, Johns Creek,
Catawba Creek, Patterson Creek, and Pott's Creek.
The James spinymussel has been collected on sand and mixed sand and gravel
substrates generally in riffles or runs with slow to moderate current and
relatively hard water. Like other freshwater mussels, it feeds by
filtering food particles from the water, a characteristic that makes it
particularly susceptible to detrimental effects of water-borne pollutants.
P. collina. also shares with other freshwater mussels a complex
reproductive cycle in which the mussel larvae attach for a short time to a
fish host. Recent research indicates that several fish of the family
Cyprinidae serve as hosts for this mussel.
Threats to the species' habitat (53 FR 27691) include: (1) effluent
discharges and accidental discharges of chlorine or raw sewage from sewage
treatment plants; (2) erosion and siltation resulting from logging
operations in the upper Craig Creek Watershed and other locations; (3)
toxic chemical spills, (4) agricultural runoff including pesticides and
fertilizers; and (5) channelization.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland and pasture/rangelands; relatively little acreage is in
crops. Therefore, no Jeopardy findings were made for pesticides used only
on crops. Table 18 (runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to
provide the best indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts.
Therefore, hazard ratios from this table were used, when available;
otherwise Table 12 was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions these
tables do not include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of
daphnia or other crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In
addition to the hazard ratios provided by the Agency, data on toxicity to
oysters was considered when available in the Agency's 1986 publication,
"Acute Toxicity Handbook of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these
data are helpful, they are still not reliable for this purpose because of
the many differences in the biology of oysters and freshwater mussels,
including completely different larval forms and adaptation to very different
natural habitats.
III-277
-------
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinophos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, diazinon,
dicofol, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion,
ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalarate, fonofos, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin,
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinophos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed 1n
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, diazinon, dicofol, endosulfan, ethion,
ethoprop, fensulfothion, fenvalarate, fonofos, methomyl, methyl
parathion, mevinphos, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, terbufos.
III-278
-------
Incidental take in the form of sublethal effects (harm) or the death
of individual mussels may occur as these chemicals have significant
hazard ratios for mussels or their fish hosts.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-279
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Tar River spinymussel (Elliptic) steinstansana)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This species was first postulated to occur in the Carolinas, based on a
specimen in an early collection housed at the Smithsonian Institution. Its
occurrence was confirmed by Carol Stein, who discovered this species in 1966
in the Tar River, North Carolina at Old Sparta, Edgecombe County.
Subsequent to this record, it was collected 2 miles W of Spring Hope, Nash
County in 1967 and 1968; at Tarboro, Edgecombe County; and 1.4 miles E of
Falkland, Pitt County. As judged by these site records, it can be inferred
that this species inhabited the Tar River at least from Pitt County to
Nash County, North Carolina. Because no records exist prior to 1966, the
actual historic distribution cannot be assessed.
The Tar River spinymussel is endemic to the Tar River, North Carolina,
occurring from Old Sparta, Edgecombe County to roughly 2 miles NE of
Tarboro, Edgecombe County. Recent survey efforts (1977-1983) have failed
to locate this endemic species outside of Edgecombe County. It is an
extremely rare species.
Because this species was described only recently, past reasons for the
current status are difficult to document. This mussel requires unpolluted,
well oxygenated water of substantial volumn over a sandy substrate. The
Tar River has above average loadings of nutrients and pesticides, and these
pollutants probably affected the spinymussel. Its absence below Rocky
Mount indicates that it may be sensitive to municipal sewage.
Habitat loss has occurred in the Tar River since 1967. A dam and reservoir
above Rocky Mount in 1972 and the relocation of U.S. Highway 64 in 1977,
along with permanent and temporary dams, altered habitat and probably caused
the loss of this species in those areas.
Invasion of the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) into the Tar River
recently may be affecting the success of the endemic mussel fauna. Possible
competition for food and space may result in higher mortality for both
juveniles and adults. Corbicula may also interfere with reproduction by
filtering mussel sperm from the water column.
North Carolina law prohibits collecting wildlife, including mussels, without
a permit, however, such collections may still be occurring.
Due primarily to pollution and habitat loss, it is estimated that this
species has decreased its range by 50 percent since 1966.
Future threats include those previously mentioned as well as a proposed
hydropower project at an upstream dam in Rocky Mount. Fluctuating water
III-280
-------
levels and changes in water quality could affect the downsteam population.
Similarly, the withdrawal of large volumes of water from the river during
drought conditions could expose habitat typically used by this species. In
addition the small gene pool that presently exists may be approaching the
minimum population size needed for sufficient genetic variation to respond
to environmental changes.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest and a variety of crops. Table 18 (runoff-pond/stream model-stream
1) was considered to provide the best indication of hazard for the mussels
and their fish hosts. Therefore, hazard ratios from this table were used,
when available; otherwise Table 12 was used. Unfortunately, with a few
exceptions, these tables do not include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating
the use of daphnia or other crustacean hazard ratios as the best available.
In addition to the hazard ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to
oysters was considered when available in the Agency's 1986 publication,
"Acute Toxicity Handbook of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these
data are helpful, they are still not reliable for this purpose because of
the many diff«rences in the biology of oysters and freshwater mussels,
including completely different larval forms and adaptation to v?ry different
natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION;
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenaraiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendiraethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methorayl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-281
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, propazine, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon),
if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, pnosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-282
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Stirrup shell (Quadrula stapes)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The stirrup shell is known historically from the Alabama River and the
Tombigbee River. Museum records indicate the stirrup shell was restricted
historically to the lowermost part of the Alabama River (Stansbery 1981).
The lack of fresh shells or living specimens from the Alabama River for
several decades indicates the likely extirpation of the stirrup shell from
this portion of the historic range. This species has been collected from
a reach of the Tombigbee River from near Epes, Alabama, upstream to just
above the confluence of Tibbee Creek. One specimen was recently collected
by Yokley in the lower Sipsey River, and a recent survey by Fish and
Wildlife Service biologists found a fresh stirrup shell at the same site.
The present known distribution of this mussel is limited to a single
Tombigbee bendway and the Sipsey River.
Impoundment of the Tombigbee River has altered water flows and increased
siltation on the gravel bars. This alteration suffocated mussels with silt
and may have modified habitat so as to eliminate the fish host, if the
host is a riverine species that is intolerant of impoundments. The Corps
of Engineers (COE) has a channel improvement project for 84.5 miles of the
Sipsey River River that includes 32 miles of clearing and snagging (COE
1981). Channel modifications adversely impact mussels by alteration of the
substrate, increasing siltations, altered water flows, and direct mortality
of mussels from dredging and snagging activities.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnla or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by the Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered
when available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook
of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they
are still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in
the biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely
different larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
III-283
-------
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
Diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any Incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .leopardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
III-284
-------
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-285
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Hay's Spring amphipod (Stvqobromus havi)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Hay's spring amphipod is an eyeless, unpigmented gammaridean amphipod
crustacean. The habitat of Stygobromus havi consists of a small permanent
spring, seep-like in appearance, on National Zoological Park property in
Washington, DC. The spring appears to issue forth from crevices in
Precambrian rocks of the Piedmont province. The amphipods occur in decaying
deciduous leaf litter and mud at the spring exit. Little is known about
the life history of this species.
Considering its association with decaying deciduous leaves and organically
enriched mud, it is assumed that S. havi feeds on leaves, decaying organic
detritus, and decomposer microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi) which
occur on the organic material. Most freshwater amphipods are believed to
be primarily herbivores, and there is no evidence to the contrary for S.
havi.
It should be noted that only a small percentage of the actual population of
this species is probably seen in the spring habitat itself. Given that £.
havi is of stygobiont facies (i.e., eyeless and unpigmented), it probably
inhabits cracks, crevices and interstitial spaces of the mantle/bedrock
area that forms the recharge zone for the spring.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
No cropland or rangeland occurs in the vicinity of the amphipod's habitat.
Mosquito larvicides are very unlikely to be used here. Forest-use
pesticides may be utilized in the wooded corridor containing the habitat of
this species. Therefore, any pesticide not utilized for forest/woodland
applications, was considered to have no effect on the amphipod.
Any contact between the amphipod and pesticides being considered in this
opinion is most likely to occur as a result of direct application to the
surface of the pool of water at the mouth of the spring inhabited by this
amphipod during spraying of the surrounding mixed hardwood woodlands.
Therefore, Table 8 of EPA's submittal (Direct Application to water 6 Inches
in depth) was utilized to evaluate the hazard to the Hay's spring amphipod.
For forest-use pesticides, hazard ratios for the amphipod Gammarus were
utilized whenever they were available; otherwise, other invertebrate hazard
ratios were used.
In most cases where jeopardy was found, the very high hazard ratio for
invertebrates was a sufficient basis for this conclusion. For those
herbicides found to jeopardize the amphipod, toxicity to the bacteria and
III-286
-------
fungi on which the amphipod is believed to feed, provided an additional
basis.
The Service has a memorandum of understanding with the Smithsonian
Institution (operator of the National Zoo) to protect the habitat of this
species. That agreement can be amended to protect the amphipod from the
effects of pesticide use on zoo property. However, because much of the
land within the recommended quarter-mile buffer radius is privately owned,
a label restriction would stiil be required.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bifenox,
captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, oxyfluorfen, thiophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .leopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bifenox,
captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin, trifluralin) if the reasonable and prudent alternatives
listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate
that the proposed action will result in any incidental take of the
species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no Jeopardy was found and no incidental take 1s
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-287
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: [Cave] crayfish (Cambarus zophonastes)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Cambarus zophonastes is an albinistic cave crayfish. No common name is
known for this species. It has a very restricted range and probably a
corresponding low population level. The threats of low gene pool,
sedimentation, groundwater contamination, and human disturbance are the
primary reasons for the listing of C^. zophonastes.
The cave energy source is bat guano from a maternity roost of gray bats,
and endangered species. Loss of this energy source would certainly result
in a decline of biological life in the cave. The cave is a "solution
channel" or "tunnel" cave, most of which is wet year round. This species
has been found on the steep rock sides of the deep pool within the cave
entrance and on the mud substrate. The primary recharge area consists of
approximately 3.5 square miles and is largely privately owned. This
crayfish apparently requires clear water since it has been observed crawling
away from turbid water.
This crayfish is an opportunistic omnivore, feeding on whatever organic
matter washes into the cave system. It feeds on organic detritus, aquatic
insects, and small crustaceans such as isopods, copepods, and amphipods.
Reproduction begins in late winter and spring when water flows and nutrient
levels are high.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Cambarus zophonastes is a albinistic cave crayfish that occurs in only
one cave in the Ozark Mountains in Stone County, Arkansas. The population
may number fewer than 50 individuals. Agricultural production is not
identified as being a factor in the decline of this species, nor does it
occur within Its watershed. However, forestry practices and cattle
production occur within the watershed of this species. Water circulation
and recharge in cave habitats occurs at a much slower rate than in spring
or stream systems. Pesticides that enter the cave system have a greater
potential for remaining long enough to come in contact with the species.
Additionally, this species is dependant on bat guano produced by the
endangered gray bat for energy source. Of the 60 chemicals being reviewed,
only the forestry and rangeland chemicals could potentially impact this
crayfish.
Table 19B was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater invertebrates.
III-288
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion, methomyl,
methyl parathion, phosmet, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, fenitrothion,
mancozeb, methoprene, naled, oxyfluorfen, propachlor, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion,
methomyl, methyl parathion, phosmet, pyrethrin, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbofuran,
chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, fenitrothion, mancozeb,
methoprene, naled, oxyfluorfen, propachlor, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species exists in underground caves. Many of the cave passages are
inaccessible to humans. Those that are accessible are entered
infrequently in order to prevent disturbance to the fragile cave
ecosystem. The likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Therefore, we are unable to define a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
III-289
-------
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-290
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Nashville crayfish (Orconectes shouDil
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Nashville crayfish occurs only in Mill Creek and five of its
tributaries in Davidson and Williamson Counties, Tennessee. The Nashville
crayfish has been observed feeding on dead animal matter and is believed
to feed on roots, stems and leaf fragments. Males molt into the
reproductive state in late summer. Egg laying occurs in late winter and
early spring.
The Nashville crayfish has been found in a wide range of environments
including gravel and cobble runs, pools with settled sediment, and under
slabrocks and other cover. Cover appears to be a primary limiting factor
for the species.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The two main agricultural activities affecting the Nashville crayfish are
corn and cattle production. Forestry pesticide use does occur within the
habitat but is considered minor. Except for those chemicals listed as
exclusively forestry or mosquito larvicide chemicals, all other of the 60
chemicals could impact the Nashville crayfish.
Hazard ratios for aquatic invertebrates were obtained from table 18 because
it most closely resembled the habitat characteristics for the Nashville
crayfish. When data from table 18 was unavailable, table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicrotophos, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fensulfothion,
methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin, phosmet, profenofos,
propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorothalonll, copper
sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop,
fenitrothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion, mancozeb,
methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
III-291
-------
oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosphamidon, propachlor, sulprofos,
thiodicarb, terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicrotophos, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion,
fensulfothion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin,
phosmet, profenofos, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and
prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenitrothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion, mancozeb, methidathion,
methomyl, methoprene, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosphamidon, propachlor, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
•species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also, population levels
fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, a level of incidental take
cannot be estimated.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any Incidental take occur where no incidental take 1s anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-292
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Madison Cave isopod (Antrolana lira)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This eyeless, unpigmented isopod is the only subterranean freshwater
cirolanid found in North America north of Texas. It occurs only in Augusta
County, Virginia.
The accessible physical habitat of the Madison Cave isopod (Antrolana lira)
consists of three lakes of deep phreatic water (i.e., below the level of
the water table) which occupy narrow cave passages developed along bedding
planes in limestone strata. The surface of these lakes is believed to
represent the ground water table beneath Cave Hill. The east and west lake
are accessible from the lower level of Madison's Saltpetre Cave and have
depths of 21.5 meters and 10.7 meters respectively. The lake in Steger's
Fissure is ca. 30.5 meters deep and consumes nearly all of this fissure-
cave. The fissure lake is NNE of the cave lakes and is exposed to the
surface. All three lakes are believed to share the same body of phreatic
water associated with the Cave Hill subterranean aquifer.
Observed physical/chemical parameters of the lake habitats include: fresh
water; temperature of 11-14 degrees C; dissolved oxygen of 9.3-9.4 mg/1;
nitrate/nitrite of 1.6 mg.; and low turbidity. There is a sinkhole on Cave
Hill near the town of Grottoes, VA, above the cave that is believed to be
one of several important recharge points for the Cave Hill subterranean
aquifer and a principal entry point for nutrients.
Based on gut content analysis, it is believed that this species feeds on
decaying organic matter consisting of deciduous leaf litter, twigs and
other wood particles. Parts from dead insects, presumably from
decomposition of epigean insects that wash into the aquifer, are also eaten.
It is also likely that this species feeds on bacteria, fungi and other
microorganisms associated with the organic matter.
Data on population biology for Antrolana lira suggest that A. lira may
reproduce more or less continually at a low rate without apparent peaks or
cycles.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Land use immediately adjacent to the habitats of the Madison Cave isopod
include woodland and grassland/pasture. Forest or rangeland pesticides may
come into contact with the isopod as a result of (1) direct spraying or
drift into Steger's fissure, (2) spraying of leaves which could blow into
the fissure or Madison's cave, and (3) contamination of sinkholes in the
immediate vicinity of the cave. Table 10 (Direct Application to 6 Feet of
III-293
-------
Water) was used to determine the hazard ratio for forest and rangeland
pesticides, which could be sprayed directly on the surface of the lake in
Steger's Fissure.
Because crops are not grown in the immediate vicinity of the isopod's
habitat, direct spraying by any of the crop cluster pesticides would not be
expected. Rather, contamination of the isopod's underground lakes would
result from runoff into sinkholes or other recharge points feeding the
Madison Cave aquifer. Hazard ratios in Table 14 and the Agency's data on
potential for leaching into groundwater (Attachment 3 to May 17, 1989,
letter) were major factors utilized to predict effects of those crop-use
pesticides not also used on.forest and rangeland.
When isopod (Asellus) toxicity data were available (Mayer and Ellersieck,
1986), these were utilized to calculate hazard ratios. Otherwise Gammarus
or other crustacean hazard ratios were used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, ethyl parathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, copper sulfate, dicofol, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion,
ethoprop, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion,
mancozeb, mevinphos, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, propachlor, propargite, terbufos, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, ethyl parathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon, trifluralin), if the reasonable and
prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take 1s
authorized.
III-294
-------
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/range!ands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamldon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-267
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Cheancals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
.information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-268
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Shiny pigtoe (Fusconaia edqariana)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The shiny pigtoe is a member of the Cumberlandian mussel fauna inhabiting
the Upper Tennessee River System. Its present range includes portions of
the North Fork Holston (Virginia), Clinch and Powell (Clairbourne, Grainger
and Hancock Counties, Tennessee), Elk (Lincoln County, Tennessee) and Paint
Rock Rivers (Alabama).
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include
lowered water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of
mussel beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of
mussels can also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and
agricultural chemicals.
This species is characteristically found in shallow riffles or runs in
small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide into one
of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable concentration
may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel species in the
immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific
differences in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost
invariably include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae,
protozoa, and zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders,
they are expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those
pesticides which adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
III-269
-------
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel have been
tentatively identified as the common shiner, Notropis cornutus. and the
whitetail shiner, Notroois galacturus.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this tabTe were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency' 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-270
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no Incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take 1s anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-271
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Fat pocketbook (Potamilus caoax)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Most records for this species are from three river systems, the Mississippi,
above St. Louis, Missouri, the Wabash River in Indiana and the St. Francis
River in Arkansas. Recent collections within these three systems have
found speciments only from the Wabash and White Rivers in Indiana and for
the purposes of this consultation, locations within those two systems are
consided as current range. The species is also found in the Green and
Tennessee Rivers in Kentucky. Reasons for decline of the population include
activities related to navigation and flood control, siltation and pollution,
although documentation for pollution is lacking.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Water volumes within the rivers make it unlikly that the species will be
jeopardized by registered uses of pesticides. Concern on some chemicals
is expressed in the incidental take section.
The species exposure scenario was calculated using table 19. In those
instances where data were lacking in that table (or table 18), tables 19a
and 19b were utilized.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbophenothion,
chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, copper sulfate, diazinon, dicofol,
dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan,
ethion, ethoprop, ethyl parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalerate,
fonofos, isofenphos, mancozeb, malathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl
parathion, mevinphos, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyflourfen, pendimethalin, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon,
propachlor, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithloate,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon,
trifluralin.
III-272
-------
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethion, ethyl
parathion, malathion, methyl parathion, naled, phosmet, trichlorfon
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because absolute numbers in the population (or subpopulations) are
unknown and cannot be determined and there is little likelihood that
mortalities of either glochidia or adults will be detected.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-273
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Tan riffle shell (Eoioblasma walkeril
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PARTS 1 and 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The tan riffle shell is a member of the Cumberland!an mussel fauna
inhabiting the Upper Tennessee River System. The only recent collection
of this species is from the Middle Fork Holston River in Smyth and
Washington Counties, Virginia, although it may still occur in the Duck and
Red Rivers in Tennessee and the Cumberland River in Kentucky as well.
The mussel fauna in most streams of the upper Tennessee River drainage has
been impacted by dam construction, channelization, siltation, and water
pollution, which directly affect all mussel species. The change from lotic
to lentic conditions because of dams has also altered the species
composition of the fish community, thus jeopardizing the reproductive
success of some mussel species by eliminating required fish hosts.
Although siltation has been suggested as the most significant adverse
effect of impoundments on mussels, other detrimental factors include lowered
water temperatures, p" changes, oxygen depletion, and dewatering of mussel
beds below dams . The siphoning period and metabolic rate of mussels can
also be affected by such contaminants as heavy metals and agricultural
chemicals.
Domestic sewage poses the most serious threat to this species.
This species is a headwater form characteristically found in shallow riffles
or runs in small rivers of moderate gradient. Should runoff of a pesticide
into one of these rivers or streams occur, dilution to an acceptable
concentration may not be sufficient to eliminate concern for listed mussel
species in the immediate vicinity.
Freshwater mussels are filter feeders and consume particulate matter
suspended in the water column. There are no known interspecific differences
in feeding among mussels. Identifiable stomach contents almost invariably
include mud, desmids, diatoms, other unicellular algae, protozoa, and
zooplankters. Because freshwater mussels are filter feeders, they are
expected to have a marked tendency to bioaccumulate those pesticides which
adhere to silt particles washed into their habitats.
The freshwater mussels considered here all exhibit a life cycle that
involves a larval form, the glochidium. Glochidia must become attached to
the surface, characteristically a gill surface, of a host fish shortly
after being released from the adult female mussel. Here they remain
encysted on the surface of the host fish for a variable incubation period,
after which they drop onto the river bottom. If they chance to fall onto
suitable substrate, growth continues as an independent juvenile mussel.
Our concern regarding the potential impact of pesticides on mussels is not
III-274
-------
only for the direct affect on adults, but also for their toxic affect on
the larval glochidia and on the host fish, both of which are essential for
a life cycle to be completed. The host fish(es) for this mussel has not
been identified, but hosts for other mussels include members of the
sunfish, minnow, perch, and sculpin families.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered when
available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook of
Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they are
still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences in the
biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely different
larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of.the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, Isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
III-275
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-276
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: James River spinymussel (Pleurobema collina)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Once widely distributed in the James River drainage above Richmond,
Virginia, this species is now limited to a few headwater tributaries of the
James River in Virginia and West Virginia: Craig Creek, Johns Creek,
Catawba Creek, Patterson Creek, and Pott's Creek.
The James spinymussel has been collected on sand and mixed sand and gravel
substrates generally in riffles or runs with slow to moderate current and
relatively hard water. Like other freshwater mussels, it feeds by
filtering food particles from the water, a characteristic that makes it
particularly susceptible to detrimental effects of water-borne pollutants.
P. collina. also shares with other freshwater mussels a complex
reproductive cycle in which the mussel larvae attach for a short time to a
fish host. Recent research indicates that several fish of the family
Cyprinidae serve as hosts for this mussel.
Threats to the species' habitat (53 FR 27691) include: (1) effluent
discharges and accidental discharges of chlorine or raw sewage from sewage
treatment plants; (2) erosion and siltation resulting from logging
operations in the upper Craig Creek Watershed and other locations; (3)
toxic chemical spills, (4) agricultural runoff including pesticides and
fertilizers; and (5) channelization.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland and pasture/rangelands; relatively little acreage 1s in
crops. Therefore, no Jeopardy findings were made for pesticides used only
on crops. Table 18 (runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to
provide the best indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts.
Therefore, hazard ratios from this table were used, when available;
otherwise Table 12 was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions these
tables do not include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of
daphnia or other crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In
addition to the hazard ratios provided by the Agency, data on toxicity to
oysters was considered when available in the Agency's 1986 publication,
"Acute Toxicity Handbook of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these
data are helpful, they are still not reliable for this purpose because of
the many differences in the biology of oysters and freshwater mussels,
including completely different larval forms and adaptation to very different
natural habitats.
III-277
-------
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinophos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomylI,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, diazinon,
dicofol, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion,
ethoprop, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fenvalarate, fonofos, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled,
nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen, pendimethalin,
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite,
sulprofos, terbufos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinophos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, diazinon, dicofol, endosulfan, ethion,
ethoprop, fensulfothion, fenvalarate, fonofos, methomyl, methyl
parathion, mevinphos, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, terbufos.
III-278
-------
Incidental take in the form of sublethal effects (harm) or the death
of individual mussels may occur as these chemicals have significant
hazard ratios for mussels or their fish hosts.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-279
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Tar River spinymussel (Elliptic? steinstansana)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This species was first postulated to occur in the Carolinas, based on a
specimen in an early collection housed at the Smithsonian Institution. Its
occurrence was confirmed by Carol Stein, who discovered this species in 1966
in the Tar River, North Carolina at Old Sparta, Edgecombe County.
Subsequent to this record, it was collected 2 miles W of Spring Hope, Nash
County in 1967 and 1968; at Tarboro, Edgecombe County; and 1.4 miles E of
Falkland, Pitt County. As judged by these site records, it can be inferred
that this species inhabited the Tar River at least from Pitt County to
Nash County, North Carolina. Because no records exist prior to 1966, the
actual historic distribution cannot be assessed.
The Tar River spinymussel is endemic to the Tar River, North Carolina,
occurring from Old Sparta, Edgecombe County to roughly 2 miles NE of
Tarboro, Edgecombe County. Recent survey efforts (1977-1983) have failed
to locate this endemic species outside of Edgecombe County. It is an
extremely rare species.
Because this species was described only recently, past reasons for the
current status are difficult to document. This mussel requires unpolluted,
well oxygenated water of substantial volumn over a sandy substrate. The
Tar River has above average loadings of nutrients and pesticides, and these
pollutants probably affected the spinymussel. Its absence below Rocky
Mount indicates that it may be sensitive to municipal sewage.
Habitat loss has occurred in the Tar River since 1967. A dam and reservoir
above Rocky Mount in 1972 and the relocation of U.S. Highway 64 in 1977,
along with permanent and temporary dams, altered habitat and probably caused
the loss of this species in those areas.
Invasion of the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) into the Tar River
recently may be affecting the success of the endemic mussel fauna. Possible
competition for food and space may result in higher mortality for both
juveniles and adults. Corbicula may also interfere with reproduction by
filtering mussel sperm from the water column.
North Carolina law prohibits collecting wildlife, including mussels, without
a permit, however, such collections may still be occurring.
Due primarily to pollution and habitat loss, it is estimated that this
species has decreased its range by 50 percent since 1966.
Future threats include those previously mentioned as well as a proposed
hydropower project at an upstream dam in Rocky Mount. Fluctuating water
III-280
-------
levels and changes in water quality could affect the downsteam population.
Similarly, the withdrawal of large volumes of water from the river during
drought conditions could expose habitat typically used by this species. In
addition the small gene pool that presently exists may be approaching the
minimum population size needed for sufficient genetic variation to respond
to environmental changes.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest and a variety of crops. Table 18 (runoff-pond/stream model-stream
I) was considered to provide the best indication of hazard for the mussels
and their fish hosts. Therefore, hazard ratios from this table were used,
when available; otherwise Table 12 was used. Unfortunately, with a few
exceptions, these tables do not include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating
the use of daphnia or other crustacean hazard ratios as the best available.
In addition to the hazard ratios provided by Agency, data on toxicity to
oysters was considered when available in the Agency's 1986 publication,
"Acute Toxicity Handbook of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these
data are helpful, they are still not reliable for this purpose because of
the many differences in the biology of oysters and freshwater mussels,
including completely different larval forms and adaptation to very different
natural habitats.
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenaraiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalln, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methorayl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur 1n the species'
habitat.
III-281
-------
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, propazine, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon),
if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are
enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action
will result in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no
incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No Incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-282
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Stirrup shell (Quadrula stapes)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The stirrup shell is known historically from the Alabama River and the
Tombigbee River. Museum records indicate the stirrup shell was restricted
historically to the lowermost part of the Alabama River (Stansbery 1981).
The lack of fresh shells or living specimens from the Alabama River for
several decades indicates the likely extirpation of the stirrup shell from
this portion of the historic range. This species has been collected from
a reach of the Tombigbee River from near Epes, Alabama, upstream to just
above the confluence of Tibbee Creek. One specimen was recently collected
by Yokley in the lower Sipsey River, and a recent survey by Fish and
Wildlife Service biologists found a fresh stirrup shell at the same site.
The present known distribution of this mussel is limited to a single
Tombigbee bendway and the Sipsey River.
Impoundment of the Tombigbee River has altered water flows and increased
siltation on the gravel bars. This alteration suffocated mussels with silt
and may have modified habitat so as to eliminate the fish host, if the
host is a riverine species that is intolerant of impoundments. The Corps
of Engineers (COE) has a channel improvement project for 84.5 miles of the
Sipsey River River that includes 32 miles of clearing and snagging (COE
1981). Channel modifications adversely impact mussels by alteration of the
substrate, increasing siltations, altered water flows, and direct mortality
of mussels from dredging and snagging activities.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Major land uses adjacent to the habitats of this endangered mussel are
forest/woodland, pasture/rangelands, and a variety of crops. Table 18
(runoff-pond/stream model-stream 1) was considered to provide the best
indication of hazard for the mussels and their fish hosts. Therefore,
hazard ratios from this table were used, when available; otherwise Table 12
was used. Unfortunately, with a few exceptions, these tables do not
include mollusk toxicity data, necessitating the use of daphnia or other
crustacean hazard ratios as the best available. In addition to the hazard
ratios provided by the Agency, data on toxicity to oysters was considered
when available in the Agency's 1986 publication, "Acute Toxicity Handbook
of Chemicals to Estuarine Organisms." While these data are helpful, they
are still not reliable for this purpose because of the many differences 1n
the biology of oysters and freshwater mussels, including completely
different larval forms and adaptation to very different natural habitats.
III-283
-------
For most mussels the host fish or fishes for the glochidia are unknown.
For those listed species where the hosts are known, they are not migratory.
Therefore, the Service has chosen to protect potential fish hosts within
the occupied habitats of the mussels.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, malathion, methidathion,
mevinphos, pendimethalin, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, captan, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
Diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos,
mancozeb, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
triflural in.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fenamiphos, fonofos, malathion, methidathion, mevinphos,
pendimethalin, profenfos, pyrethrin, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any Incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no Incidental
take 1s authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
benomyl, captan, carbofuran, ethoprop, fenvalerate, methomyl, methyl
parathion, naled, nitrapyrin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons:
Because mussels are sedentary benthic species which may remain buried
III-284
-------
in the substrate with few obvious macroscopic changes upon death, sudden
mussel die-offs may escape detection for some time. They have seldom
been detected in time to allow contaminant analyses and determination
of the causative agent. But, hazard ratios and other information on
persistence and bioaccumulation indicate the likelihood that some
mussels will be killed by these pesticides.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrouruing the taking.
III-285
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Hay's Spring amphipod (Styqobromus hayi)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Hay's spring amphipod is an eyeless, unpigmented gammaridean amphipod
crustacean. The habitat of Stygobromus hayi consists of a small permanent
spring, seep-like in appearance, on National Zoological Park property in
Washington, DC. The spring appears to issue forth from crevices in
Precambrian rocks of the Piedmont province. The amphipods occur in decaying
deciduous leaf litter and mud at the spring exit. Little is known about
the life history of this species.
Considering its association with decaying deciduous leaves and organically
enriched mud, it is assumed that S. hayi feeds on leaves, decaying organic
detritus, and decomposer microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi) which
occur on the organic material. Most freshwater amphipods are believed to
be primarily herbivores, and there is no evidence to the contrary for £.
hayi.
It should be noted that only a small percentage of the actual population of
this species is probably seen in the spring habitat itself. Given that S.
hayi is of stygobiont facies (i.e., eyeless and unpigmented), it probably
inhabits cracks, crevices and interstitial spaces of the mantle/bedrock
area that forms the recharge zone for the spring.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
No cropland or rangeland occurs in the vicinity of the amphipod's habitat.
Mosquito larvicides are very unlikely to be used here. Forest-use
pesticides may be utilized in the wooded corridor containing the habitat of
this species. Therefore, any pesticide not utilized for forest/woodland
applications, was considered to have no effect on the amphipod.
Any contact between the amphipod and pesticides being considered in this
opinion is most likely to occur as a result of direct application to the
surface of the pool of water at the mouth of the spring inhabited by this
amphipod during spraying of the surrounding mixed hardwood woodlands.
Therefore, Table 8 of EPA's submittal (Direct Application to water 6 inches
in depth) was utilized to evaluate the hazard to the Hay's spring amphipod.
For forest-use pesticides, hazard ratios for the amphipod Gammarus were
utilized whenever they were available; otherwise, other invertebrate hazard
ratios were used.
In most cases where jeopardy was found, the very high hazard ratio for
invertebrates was a sufficient basis for this conclusion. For those
herbicides found to jeopardize the amphipod, toxicity to the bacteria and
II1-286
-------
fungi on which the amphipod is believed to feed, provided an additional
basis.
The Service has a memorandum of understanding with the Smithsonian
Institution (operator of the National Zoo) to protect the habitat of this
species. That agreement can be amended to protect the amphipod from the
effects of pesticide use on zoo property. However, because much of the
land within the recommended quarter-mile buffer radius is privately owned,
a label restriction would stiil be required.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bifenox,
captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, oxyfluorfen, thiophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .leopardv was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, azinphos-methyl, benomyl, bifenox,
captan, carbaryl, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor,
pyrethrin, trifluralin) if the reasonable and prudent alternatives
listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate
that the proposed action will result in any incidental take of the
species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated;
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take 1s anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-287
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: [Cave] crayfish (Cambarus zoohonastes)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Cambarus zophonastes is an albinistic cave crayfish. No common name is
known for this species. It has a very restricted range and probably a
corresponding low population level. The threats of low gene pool,
sedimentation, groundwater contamination, and human disturbance are the
primary reasons for the listing of £_.. zophonastes.
The cave energy source is bat guano from a maternity roost of gray bats,
and endangered species. Loss of this energy source would certainly result
in a decline of biological life in the cave. The cave is a "solution
channel" or "tunnel" cave, most of which is wet year round. This species
has been found on the steep rock sides of the deep pool within the cave
entrance and on the mud substrate. The primary recharge area consists of
approximately 3.5 square miles and is largely privately owned. This
crayfish apparently requires clear water since it has been observed crawling
away from turbid water.
This crayfish is an opportunistic omnivore, feeding on whatever organic
matter washes into the cave system. It feeds on organic detritus, aquatic
insects, and small crustaceans such as isopods, copepods, and amphipods.
Reproduction begins in late winter and spring when water flows and nutrient
levels are high.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Cambarus zoohonastes is a albinistic cave crayfish that occurs in only
one cave in the Ozark Mountains in Stone County, Arkansas. The population
may number fewer than 50 individuals. Agricultural production 1s not
identified as being a factor in the decline of this species, nor does it
occur within its watershed. However, forestry practices and cattle
production occur within the watershed of this species. Water circulation
and recharge In cave habitats occurs at a much slower rate than in spring
or stream systems. Pesticides that enter the cave system have a greater
potential for remaining long enough to come in contact with the species.
Additionally, this species is dependant on bat guano produced by the
endangered gray bat for energy source. Of the 60 chemicals being reviewed,
only the forestry and rangeland chemicals could potentially impact this
crayfish.
Table 19B was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater invertebrates.
III-288
-------
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion, methomyl,
methyl parathion, phosmet, pyrethrin, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, fenitrothion,
mancozeb, methoprene, naled, oxyfluorfen, propachlor, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbaryl, carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion,
methomyl, methyl parathion, phosmet, pyrethrin, trichlorfon), if the
reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced,
the Service does not anticipate that the proposed action will result
in any incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental
take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, benomyl, bifenox, captan, carbofuran,
chlorothalonil, diflubenzuron, disulfoton, fenitrothion, mancozeb,
methoprene, naled, oxyfluorfen, propachlor, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species exists in underground caves. Many of the cave passages are
inaccessible to humans. Those that are accessible are entered
infrequently in order to prevent disturbance to the fragile cave
ecosystem. The likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Therefore, we are unable to define a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
III-289
-------
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-290
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Nashville crayfish (Orconectes shoupi)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Nashville crayfish occurs only in Mill Creek and five of its
tributaries in Davidson and Williamson Counties, Tennessee. The Nashville
crayfish has been observed feeding on dead animal matter and is believed
to feed on roots, stems and leaf fragments. Males molt into the
reproductive state in late summer. Egg laying occurs in late winter and
early spring.
The Nashville crayfish has been found in a wide range of environments
including gravel and cobble runs, pools with settled sediment, and under
slabrocks and other cover. Cover appears to be a primary limiting factor
for the species.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The two main agricultural activities affecting the Nashville crayfish are
corn and cattle production. Forestry pesticide use does occur within the
habitat but is considered minor. Except for those chemicals listed as
exclusively forestry or mosquito larvicide chemicals, all other of the 60
chemicals could impact the Nashville crayfish.
Hazard ratios for aquatic invertebrates were obtained from table 18 because
it most closely resembled the habitat characteristics for the Nashville
crayfish. When data from table 18 was unavailable, table 12 was used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicrotophos, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion, fensulfothion,
methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin, phosmet, profenofos,
propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate, terbufos,
trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl,
bifenox, bensulide, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper
sulfate, dicofol, diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop,
fenitrothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion, mancozeb,
methidathion, methomyl, methoprene, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
III-291
-------
oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosphamidon, propachlor, sulprofos,
thiodicarb, terbutryn, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicrotophos, endosulfan, ethion, ethyl parathion,
fensulfothion, methyl parathion, mevinphos, naled, pendimethalin,
phosmet, profenofos, propargite, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and
prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
Chemicals for which no .leooardv was found but unrestricted use poses
concern;
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicofol,
diflubenzuron, dimethoate, disulfoton, diuron, ethoprop, fenitrothion,
fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion, mancozeb, methidathion,
methomyl, methoprene, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl,
oxyfluorfen, permethrin, phorate, phosphamidon, propachlor, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
•species inhabits flowing streams. Due to its small size, the likelihood
of recovering a specimen is very small. Also, population levels
fluctuate throughout the year. Therefore, a level of incidental take
cannot be estimated.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-292
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Madison Cave isopod (Antrolana lira)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
This eyeless, unpigmented isopod is the only subterranean freshwater
cirolanid found in North America north of Texas. It occurs only in Augusta
County, Virginia.
The accessible physical habitat of the Madison Cave isopod (Antrolana lira)
consists of three lakes of deep phreatic water (i.e., below the level of
the water table) which occupy narrow cave passages developed along bedding
planes in limestone strata. The surface of these lakes is believed to
represent the ground water table beneath Cave Hill. The east and west lake
are accessible from the lower level of Madison's Saltpetre Cave and have
depths of 21.5 meters and 10.7 meters respectively. The lake in Steger's
Fissure is ca. 30.5 meters deep and consumes nearly all of this fissure-
cave. The fissure lake is NNE of the cave lakes and is exposed to the
surface. All three lakes are believed to share the same body of phreatic
water associated with the Cave Hill subterranean aquifer.
Observed physical/chemical parameters of the lake habitats include: fresh
water; temperature of 11-14 degrees C; dissolved oxygen of 9.3-9.4 mg/1;
nitrate/nitrite of 1.6 mg.; and low turbidity. There is a sinkhole on Cave
Hill near the town of Grottoes, VA, above the cave that is believed to be
one of several important recharge points for the Cave Hill subterranean
aquifer and a principal entry point for nutrients.
Based on gut content analysis, it is believed that this species feeds on
decaying organic matter consisting of deciduous leaf litter, twigs and
other wood particles. Parts from dead insects, presumably from
decomposition of epigean insects that wash into the aquifer, are also eaten.
It is also likely that this species feeds on bacteria, fungi and other
microorganisms associated with the organic matter.
Data on population biology for Antrolana lira suggest that A. lira may
reproduce more or less continually at a low rate without apparent peaks or
cycles.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Land use immediately adjacent to the habitats of the Madison Cave Isopod
include woodland and grassland/pasture. Forest or rangeland pesticides may
come into contact with the isopod as a result of (1) direct spraying or
drift into Steger's fissure, (2) spraying of leaves which could blow into
the fissure or Madison's cave, and (3) contamination of sinkholes in the
immediate vicinity of the cave. Table 10 (Direct Application to 6 Feet of
III-293
-------
Water) was used to determine the hazard ratio for forest and rangeland
pesticides, which could be sprayed directly on the surface of the lake in
Steger's Fissure.
Because crops are not grown in the immediate vicinity of the isopod's
habitat, direct spraying by any of the crop cluster pesticides would not be
expected. Rather, contamination of the isopod's underground lakes would
result from runoff into sinkholes or other recharge points feeding the
Madison Cave aquifer. Hazard ratios in Table 14 and the Agency's data on
potential for leaching into groundwater (Attachment 3 to May 17, 1989,
letter) were major factors utilized to predict effects of those crop-use
pesticides not also used on forest and rangeland.
When isopod (Asellus) toxicity data were available (Mayer and Ellersieck,
1986), these were utilized to calculate hazard ratios. Otherwise Gammarus
or other crustacean hazard ratios were used.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, ethyl parathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon, trifluralin.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, bifenox, captan,
carbofuran, copper sulfate, dicofol, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethion,
ethoprop, fensulfothion, fenvalerate, fonofos, isofenphos, malathion,
mancozeb, mevinphos, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, oxyfluorfen,
permethrin, phorate, phosmet, propachlor, propargite, terbufos, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, carbaryl,
carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, diflubenzuron,
dimethoate, ethyl parathion, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
naled, pyrethrin, trichlorfon, trifluralin), if the reasonable and
prudent alternatives listed in Section II are enforced, the Service
does not anticipate that the proposed action will result in any
incidental take of the species. Accordingly, no incidental take is
authorized.
III-294
-------
Chemicals for which no .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-295
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Socorro isopod (Thermospaeroma thermophilus)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Socorro isopod occurs only in the thermal outflow of Sedillo Spring in
the Socorro Mountains of south-central Socorro County, New Mexico.
Additional populations of the isopod probably occurred in nearby Cook and
Socorro Springs, as well. A refugial population is maintained at the
University of New Mexico.
Present habitat of the species is limited to a cement-lined animal watering
trough, a smaller pool, and about 40 meters of open iron irrigation pipe.
Water temperatures throughout the system occupied by the isopod are fairly
constant (88-90 F) with a flow of about three gallons per minute. The
floor of the watering trough is composed of sediment into which the isopods
burrow. The Socorro isopod feeds on algae and detritus; it is also
cannibalistic.
The original spring source has been capped and most of the water is drawn
off for municipal purposes. Cook and Socorro Springs have also been capped,
and water from these springs is diverted to the City of Socorro. These
springs once fed a marsh east of Cook Spring. An unprotected valve at
Sedillo Spring can be turned off, completely dewatering the system on which
the isopod depends.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The habitat of the Socorro isopod is extremely narrow, fragile and subject
to abuse. Surrounding land types suggest potential exposure to pesticides
registered for use on rangelands. Most likely routes of exposure would be
through drift from adjacent treated areas and percolation to the source
aquifer from applications within its recharge zone.
Hazard ratios were taken from Table 13 using the closest available taxa
(Daohnia and Gammarus).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon.
III-296
-------
Pesticides that may affect but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, captan.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled, propachlor, pyrethrin,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, captan.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species inhabits flowing water. Due to the small size of certain life
stages, the likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Furthermore, population levels flucuate seasonally in response to
reproductive cycles and environmental conditions. Therefore, it is
not possible to determine a specific level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
No incidental take is expected to result from the use of the remaining
chemicals and no incidental take is authorized.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-297
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Alabama cave shrimp (Palaemonias alabamae)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Alabama cave shrimp is an obligate cave dweller. The only other
species of Palaemonias is the endangered Kentucky cave shrimp. Both
species are very similar in habitat characteristics and requirements.
Groundwater contamination, low population levels, and collecting represent
major threats to this small shrimp.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
The Alabama cave shrimp occurs in only two caves, Shelta and Bobcat in
Madison County, Alabama. The only two known populations occur in the
Huntsville City limits and on the Redstone Arsenal in Alabama. Therefore,
agricultural activities are not expected to occur in the vicinity of this
species' habitat. Hazard ratios for aquatic invertebrates were obtained
from table 19A as it most closely resembled the habitat characteristics of
the cave shrimp.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, naled,
oxyfluorfen, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl, trichlorfon.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species are: acephate, atrazine, bifenox, diflubenzuron,
disulfoton, mancozeb, phosmet, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .Jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, benomyl, captan, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbophenothion, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, diazinon,
III-298
-------
dimethoate, ethyl parathion, malathion, methomyl, methyl parathion,
naled, oxyfluorfen, phosmet, propachlor, pyrethrin, thiophanate-methyl,
trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives listed in
Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate that the
proposed action will result in any incidental take of the species.
Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to occur:
acephate, atrazine, bifenox, diflubenzuron, fenitrothion, mancozeb,
methoprene, phosmet, trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species exists in underground caves. Many of the cave passages are
inaccessible to humans. Those that are accessible are entered
infrequently in order to prevent distrubance to the fragile cave
ecosystem. The likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Therefore, we are unable to define a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-299
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Kentucky cave shrimp (Palaemonias ganteri)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 1
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The Kentucky cave shrimp occurs in eight groundwater basins in the region
of Mammoth Cave National Park, Kentucky.
The Kentucky cave shrimp is a small freshwater decapod crustacean in the
family Atyidae. It is a non-selective grazer that feeds on bacteria,
microfauna and meiofauna. It exists in large base level cave passages and
associated tributaries characterized by slow flow, abundant quantities of
organic matter and coarse to fine grain sand and coarse silt sediments.
Organic input to the cave ecosystem is through sinking streams, sinkholes,
ponors and other geologic features on the surface. The primary input is
during flooding events. The primary drainage in the region is through the
extensive and interconnected cave system which extends over a wide expanse
of geographic area. The shrimp is threatened by contamination of the
groundwater flow to its habitat.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
Agricultural practices such as corn, soybeans, tobacco, hay, in addition
to cattle production and forestry practices all occur within the watershed
of this species habitat. This shrimp is threatened by contamination of
the groundwater flow to its habitat. Water circulation and recharge in
cave habitats occur at a much slower rate than in spring or stream systems.
Therefore, pesticides that enter the cave system have a greater potential
for remaining long enough to come in contact with the species.
Table 19B was used to obtain hazard ratios for freshwater invertebrates.
All 59 pesticides could potentially impact the Kentucky cave shrimp, either
through drift, runoff or direct application.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of its
designated critical habitat (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed
under each of these chemicals in Section II): azinphos-methyl,
carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, ethion, ethyl
parathion, fonofos, methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos,
oxyfluorfen, permethrin, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl
phosphorotrithioate, terbufos, trichlorfon.
III-300
-------
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species or result in the destruction or adverse
modification of its designated critical habitat are: acephate, aldicarb,
atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan, carbaryl, carbofuran,
chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos, diflubenzuron, disulfoton,
diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop, fenvalerate, isofenphos, malathion, mancozeb,
naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-methyl, pendimethalin, phorate,
phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor, propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn,
thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl, trifluralin.
The remainder of the pesticides considered in this part are unlikely to
affect this species because their use is not likely to occur in the species'
habitat.
INCIDENTAL TAKE
Chemicals for which .jeopardy was found and no incidental take is
anticipated:
For these chemicals (azinphos-methyl, carbophenothion, chlorpyrifos,
diazinon, dicofol, dimethoate, ethion, ethyl parathion, fonofos,
methidathion, methomyl, methyl parathion, mevinphos, oxyfluorfen,
permethrin, profenofos, pyrethrin, SSS-tributyl phosphorotrithioate,
terbufos, trichlorfon), if the reasonable and prudent alternatives
listed in Section II are enforced, the Service does not anticipate
that the proposed action will result in any incidental take of the
species. Accordingly, no incidental take is authorized.
Chemicals for which no .jeopardy was found but unrestricted use poses
concern:
Given unrestricted use of any or all of the following chemicals, the
Service anticipates an unquantifiable level of incidental take to'occur:
acephate, aldicarb, atrazine, benomyl, bensulide, bifenox, captan,
carbaryl, carbofuran, chlorothalonil, copper sulfate, dicrotophos,
diflubenzuron, disulfoton, diuron, endosulfan, ethoprop, fenvalerate,
isofenphos, malathion, mancozeb, naled, nitrapyrin, oxamyl, oxydemeton-
methyl, pendimethalin, phorate, phosmet, phosphamidon, propachlor,
propargite, sulprofos, terbutryn, thiodicarb, thiophanate-methyl,
trifluralin.
This level of take is unquantifiable for the following reasons: This
species exists in underground caves. Many of the cave passages are
inaccessible to humans. Those that are accessible are entered
infrequently in order to prevent distrubance to the fragile cave
ecosystem. The likelihood of recovering a specimen is very small.
Therefore, we are unable to define a level of incidental take.
The Service considers the reasonable and prudent measures, with their
implementing terms and conditions (both listed for each chemical in
Section II), to be actions necessary and appropriate to minimize the
take. Moreover, for this species, should any incidental take from
III-301
-------
pesticides occur, such a finding would constitute significant new
information triggering the need for reconsultation.
Should any incidental take occur where no incidental take is anticipated,
the Agency must reinitiate consultation with the Service and provide the
circumstances surrounding the taking.
III-302
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Ruth's golden aster (Pitvoosis ruthii)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
This species grows only in areas of little shade in the soil filled cracks
of boulders in and adjacent to the Ocoee and Hiwassee Rivers, Tennessee.
No forestry is practiced in the area. Therefore, the Service concurs with
the Agency's determination that this plant is not affected by the 17
forestry chemicals in request part 3.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
The following pesticides are unlikely to affect this species because their
use is not likely to occur in the species' habitat: amitrol, picloram,
ammonium sulfamate, cacodylic acid, dichlobenil, dalapon, 2,4-DP, mylone,
diphenamid, EPTC, paraquat, atrazine, simazine, glyphosate, fosamine
ammonium, hexazinone, azinphos-methyl.
SPECTES PROFILE
SPECIES: Truckee barberry (Mahonia sonnei)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
Despite repeated searches, the Service has not located this species on
open range or elsewhere than on private property in Truckee, California.
Recovery efforts must focus on direct coordination with landowners
including their application of chemicals on their properties. Thus, the
species will not be affected by general broadcast application of rangeland
chemicals and the Service does not object to removal of label restrictions
for this use.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
The following pesticides are unlikely to affect this species because their
use for this purpose is not likely to occur in the species' habitat:
ammonium sulfamate, atrazine, clopyralid, 2-4 D, dicamba, dichlorprop,
hexazinone, MCPA-thioethyl, paraquat dichloride, picloram, tebuthiuron,
and all rangeland chemicals previously consulted on.
III-303
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Harper's beauty (Harperocallis flava)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
Harper's beauty occurs at three locations, all within the Apalachicola
National Forest, in Franklin and Liberty counties, Florida. It is found in
open pineland bogs and along moist roadside ditches. Occasional fires are
necessary to eliminate competing shrubs and herbs.
This species is considered in the section regarding rangeland pesticides.
Grazing does in fact occur in this part of the Apalachicola National Forest,
and this species could be impacted by the listed chemicals. It should not
be excluded from the jeopardy determinations.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species: atrazine, ammonium sulfamate, clopyralid, dicamba, dimethylamine
dicamba, 2,4-D acids, 2,4-D salts and esters, hexazinone, MCPA acid, MCPA
salts and esters, 2,4-DP, paraquat, picloram (with potassium picloram and
triethylene picloram), silvex, 2,4,5-T, tebuthiuron.
III-304
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: San Clemente Island broom (Lotus dendroideus ssp. traskiae)
San Clemente Island bush-mallow (Malacothamnus dementi nus)
San Clemente Island larkspur (Delphinium kinkiense)
San Clemente Island Indian paintbrush (Castilleia qrisea)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
San Clemente Island species are under the exclusive stewardship of the U.S.
Navy which owns and administers the island. The Navy has used, and
presumably has continued need to use, range!and chemicals to support general
civil works functions on the island. The plants are widely distributed on
San Clemente, thus making protective measures, short of label restrictions
appended to the products themselves, difficult to convey and enforce.
Thus, the Servicee believes label restrictions should remain in force and
San Clemente Island should remain a part of the Agency's bulletin program.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of these
species: ammonium sulfamate, atrazine, clopyralid, 2-4 D, dicamba,
dichlorprop, hexazinone, MCPA-thioethyl, paraquat dichloride, picloram,
tebuthiuron. All other chemicals previously found to jeopardize the
continued existence of these species are to be restricted as indicated in
pertinent prior opinions.
Reasonable and prudent alternatives specified in prior opinions are hereby
reaffirmed.
San Clemente Island would be an excellent candidate area for the development
of a memorandum of understanding as suggested in part 2 of the request.
As discussed under Generic Questions in the introduction to this opinion,
the Service cannot accept the concept of such an approach as an acceptible
alternative to avoid jeopardy. However, if the Agency would like to pursue
such an idea with the Navy, the Service would be happy to review any
executed agreement as an alternative to label restrictions. Also, the
Navy can initiate separate consultation with the Service to evaluate
specific pesticide applications and thereby secure restrictions that may
vary from those on the label.
III-305
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Lee pincushion cactus (Corvohantha sneedi var. leei)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The Lee pincushion cactus is completely restricted to limestone substrates
on terraces and rimrock in the high Chihuahuan Desert of the Guadalupe
Mountains in Eddy County, New Mexico. The present range of this species is
resticted to Carlsbad Caverns National Park. The community in which this
species resides is dominated by large, almost arborescent shrubs, such as
Dasvlirion wheeleri and Yucca torrevi.
The most significant threat to the taxon is over-collection by cactus
enthusiasts. The recovery plan calls for the removal of these threats by
rigorously enforcing existing regulations and implementing a monitoring
program to ensure compliance. The National Park Service is responsible for
monitoring the status of its species populations within Carlsbad Caverns
National Park, and developing and implementing a habitat management plan for
these populations.
Although this species presently is found only within the boundaries of
Carlsbad Caverns National Park, suitable habitat exists along the entire
length of the Guadalupe Rim. As such, the range of this species could
extend into Otero County, New Mexico, including lands managed by the Bureau
of Land Management (Roswell District, Carlsbad Resource Area), the U.S.
Forest Service (Lincoln National Forest) and the State of New Mexico.
While public ownership confers some protection to potential endangered
species habitats, current public land management policies allow for the use
of certain pesticides and herbicides.
Current National Park Service policy and specific land management practices
at Carlsbad Caverns National Park provide the Lee pincushion cactus with a
degree of protection. Because of its relative isolation from adjacent
rangelands, it is not likely that existing populations of the cactus will
be affected by herbicide use on these lands.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are unlikely to affect this species are: atrazine, ammonium
sulfamate, clopyralid, 2,4-D (acid, salts and esters), dicamba, dichlorprop,
dimethylamine dicamba, hexazinone, MCPA (acid, salts and esters), paraquat,
picloram, potassium picloram, tebuthiuron, triethylene picloram.
III-306
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Antioch Dunes evening-primrose (Oenothera deltoides ssp. howellii}
Contra Costa wallflower (Erysimum caoitatum var. anqustatum)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The ranges of these species are now known to extend beyond Antioch Dunes,
although still restricted to the Delta region of San Francisco Bay. Antioch
Dunes National Wildlife Refuge, which supports populations of these
species, is operated exclusively for the benefit of endangered species.
Additionally, the Service has secured agreements with adjacent owners,
whose property also supports these plants, to control pesticide/herbicide
applications. However, pending agreements throughout the remainder of the
species' range, the Service believes that unrestricted range chemical
applications are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of these
species. Present label restrictions should remain in force. The map
provided for these species under separate cover illustrates the occupied
habitat of these species.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of the
wallflower's critical habitat : ammonium sulfamate, atrazine, clopyralid,
2-4 D, dicamba, dichlorprop, hexazinone, MCPA-thioethyl, paraquat
dichloride, picloram, tebuthiuron.
Previous biological opinions (that address the evening-primrose) for
chemicals not reevaluated here are reaffirmed.
Reasonable and prudent alternatives specified in prior biological opinions
are hereby reaffirmed.
III-307
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Eureka Valley evening-primrose (Oenothera avita ssp. eurekensis)
Eureka Valley dune grass (Swallenia alexandrae)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The Service concurs with the Agency's evaluation of the protected status
of the Eureka Dunes and the listed plants under Bureau of Land Management
(Bureau) purview. The Bureau does not allow chemical applications in any
areas occupied by these species. Recent weed control in the vicinity of
the plants has emphasized manual labor and excluded herbicide use (Bartel,
pers. comm.).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
The removal of label restrictions will not affect the continued existence
of these species.
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Blue Ridge goldenrod (Solidago spithamaea)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
Blue Ridge goldenrod is restricted to high elevation rock outcrops in the
central region of the Southern Appalachians. Its three extant populations
are within a 15 mile radius. These rock outcrops are exposed, with no
canopy cover. Habitat surrounding the sites can be characterized as eastern
spruce/fir forest. Although this species occurs on barren rock outcrops,
forestry does occur adjacent to its habitat. Additionally, this species
is so critically endangered that even the slightest impact to any of its
populations could result in extirpation of the species. Therefore, the
Service does not concur with the Agency's assessment, and recommends that
this species remain in the jeopardy category.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
The following pesticides are likely to jeopardize the continued existence
of the species: amitrol, picloram, ammonium sulfamate, cacodylic acid,
dichlobenil, dalapon, 2,4-DP, mylone, diphenamid, EPTC, paraquat, atrazine,
simazine, glyphosate, fosamine ammonium, hexazinone, azinphos-methyl.
III-308
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Miccosukee gooseberry (Ribes echinellium)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF ALTERNATIVE:
The Miccosukee gooseberry is known from two locations, one in Jefferson
County, Florida and one in McCormick County, South Carolina. Both sites
are on steeply sloping forested ravines containing stands of deciduous
hardwood trees. The South Carolina site is managed as a heritage preserve.
The Florida site is in private ownership. This species was addressed in
both the forestry and rangeland portions of request part 3. The Service
concurs with the Agency's determination that this species is not impacted
by rangeland herbicides but forestry does occur in the area and has the
potential for impacting the Florida population.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species: amitrol, picloram, ammonium sulfamate, cacodylic acid, dichlobenil,
dalapon, 2,4-D, mylone, diphenamid, EPTC, paraquat, atrazine, simazine,
glyphosate, fosamine ammonium, hexazinone, azinphos-methyl.
Pesticides that may affect, but are not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the species when used as rangeland pesticides are: clopyralid,
dicamba, dimethylamine dicamba, 2,4-D, MCPA acid, MCPA salts and esters,
2,4,5-T, silvex, tebuthiuron.
III-309
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Solano grass (Tuctoria mucronata)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The Nature Conservancy, owner of the Jepson Preserve habitat of the Solano
grass, allows grazing on its property during the dry season, removing
livestock before spring rains fill the vernal pool habitats of the plant.
However, they prohibit any application of rangeland chemicals on their
property. It is also their opinion that neighboring landowners make very
little use of rangeland chemicals (Griggs, pers. comm.).
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Removal of label restrictions is not likely to jeopardize the continued
existence of the Solano dune grass.
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Mountain golden heather (Hudsonia montana)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3:
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The mountain golden heather is endemic to Burke County, North Carolina.
It is found on rocks and ledges in remote mountain top habitats. All sites
are on land managed by the U.S. Forest Service in Linville Gorge Wilderness
Area. No forestry is practiced in the area. Therefore, the Service concurs
with the Agency's determination that this plant is not affected by the
listed forestry pesticides.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
The following pesticides are unlikely to affect the species because their
use is not likely to occur in the species' habitat: amitrol, picloram,
ammonium sulfamate, cacodylic acid, dichlobenil, dalapon, 2,4-DP, mylone,
diphenamid, EPTC, paraquat, atrazine, simazine, glyphosate, fosamine
ammonium, hexazinone, azinpnos-methyl.
III-310
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Santa Barbara Island liveforever (Dudleva traskiae)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
Recovery planning efforts in recent years have culminated in completion of
a recovery plan for this species that includes agreement on chemical
management.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
The removal of label restrictions will not affect the species.
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Presidio manzanita (Arctostaphylos pungens var. ravenii)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE
Recovery efforts for the manzanita have concentrated on coordination of
civil works activities on the Presidio of San Francisco, the only known
location of the species, to avoid adverse effects. Pesticide/herbicide
programs have been integral to these efforts. The Service does not expect
such programs to proceed ignorant of sensitivity to the species.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
The removal of label restrictions will not affect the continued existence
of the Presidio manzanita.
III-311
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Longspurred mint (Dicerandra cornutissima)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3:
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The longspurred mint is presently known only from a privately owned area
in Marion County, Florida. This species is found only in open areas in
sand pine scrub or oak scrub, and in the ecotones between these and turkey
oak communities. No forestry is practiced in the area. The Service concurs
with the Agency's determination that this plant is not affected by the
listed forestry pesticides.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
The following pesticides are unlikely to affect the species because their
use is not likely to occur in the species' habitat: amitrol, picloram,
ammonium sulfamate, cacodylic acid, dichlobenil, dalapon, 2,4-DP, mylone,
diphenamid, EPTC, paraquat, atrazine, simazine, glyphosate, fosamine
ammonium, hexazinone, azinphos-methyl.
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Four-petal pawpaw (Asimina tetramera)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVES:
The four-petal pawpaw is found near the Atlantic coast in Martin and
northern Palm Beach Counties, Florida. It inhabits sand pine scrub on old
dunes inland from the present coast line. This species was considered in
the prior opinions regarding rangeland pesticides. No grazing occurs in
the species habitat. The Service concurs with the Agency's determination
that this species is not impacted by the use of the listed rangeland
herbicides.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
The following pesticides are unlikely to affect the species because their
use does not occur within the species' habitat: picloram, potassium
picloram, triethylene picloram, ammonium sulfamate, clopyralid, dicamba,
dimethylamine dicamba, 2,4-D acids, salts and esters, MCPA acid, salts and
esters, 2,4-DP, paraquat, atrazine, 2,4,5-T, silvex, tebuthiuron,
hexazinone.
III-312
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Hairy rattleweed (Baotisia arachnifera)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
Hairy rattleweed occurs in Wayne and Brantly Counties in southeastern
Georgia. It is found in open pine woods on low sandy ridges. Individual
plants occur as ground cover under pine species. This species was
addressed in prior opinions concerning rangeland pesticides. No grazing
occurs in its habitat. Therefore, the Service concurs with the Agency's
determination that this species is not impacted by the use of rangeland
pesticides.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION
The following rangeland pesticides are unlikely to affect the species
because their use does not occur within the species' habitat: picloram,
potassium picloram, triethylene picloram, ammonium sulfamate, clopyralid,
dicamba, dimethyl amine dicamba, 2,4-D acids, salts and esters, MCPA acid,
salts and esters, 2,4-DP, paraquat, atrazine, 2,4,5-T, silvex, tebuthiuron,
hexazinone.
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: McDonald's rock-cress (Arabis mcdonaldiana)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The restricted location of this species is managed by the Bureau of Land
Management which allows some livestock grazing. However, the Service has
separately reviewed the Habitat Management Plan for this area which excludes
chemical applications in the vicinity of the plant.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
The removal of label restrictions will not affect the continued existence
of the rockcress.
III-313
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Sacramento Mountains thistle (Cirsium vinaceum)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3.
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
Cirsium vinaceum is known only from the southern and central portions of the
Sacramento Mountains in Otero County, New Mexico. Specifically, its known
range is described by a crude rectangle approximately 12 miles wide and 18
miles long extending from Elk Silver on the north to Sacramento Peak on the
south. This taxon has been collected at 64 sites since its discovery and
description in 1913. These sites are confined to six major drainages and
are concentrated in the larger drainages where springs and seeps are common.
Recent surveys have documented that the total area of all known populations
is about 77 acres.
Most of the known sites of the Sacramento Mountains thistle occur on land
managed by the U.S. Forest Service (Lincoln National Forest). It also
occurs on the Mescalero Apache Indian Reservation as well as on private
landholdings near the town of High Rolls.
The Sacramento Mountains thistle is primarily found in sunny exposures in
the immediate vicinity of springs issuing from limestone and gypseous rock
outcrops. It also is found along the moist banks of streams and in wet
meadows. The wetland habitat of this species can be described as palustrine
emergent montane springs. Vegetation surrounding Cirsium vinaceum sites can
be typified as mixed conifer forest, dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas
fir, white fir, New Mexico locust and GambeTs oak. Sites range in
elevation from 8,000 to 9,000 feet.
This thistle is a perennial species which forms conspicuous basal rosettes
that persist from year to year. Although sexual reproduction is generally
the rule in this species, vegetative reproduction is possible. The thistle
flowers primarily in mid-summer and sets seed in August, but these are not
dispersed until after the first frost. Pollinators include bees, beetles,
other insects and hummingbirds. There are presently no data on seed
production, viability or germination requirements.
It has been estimated that gene flow from pollen vectors probably falls off
at about one-half mile. Many of the sites, however, are scarcely 0.1 miles
apart and are as small as 5 meters square. Based on this distance, the 64
known sites of this thistle represent about 20 discrete populations.
The primary limiting factor for this species is the availability of habitat.
Its reliance on surface water in the form of springs and seeps, wet meadows
and streambanks, make it vulnerable to impacts from water depletion or
contamination. Cattle grazing has adversely affected the species through
the development of springs for livestock watering, and trampling and soil
compaction by cattle. Recreational activities, timber harvesting operations
III-314
-------
-------
and road construction to a lesser extent have adversely affected the
species. Invasion of exotic plant species which compete for habitat is
another factor in the decline of the Sacramento Mountains thistle.
Due to its association with coniferous forests, the Sacramento Mountains
thistle potentially could be exposed to any herbicide or pesticide
registered for use on forests. However, for this consultation, the Agency
has requested that consideration be restricted to those forestry use
chemicals identified in request part 3.
This montane plant species is susceptible to direct impacts from the use of
herbicides within its occupied range, including the recharge zones of
springs and seeps where the species is found. Probable routes of exposure
would be through direct application or drift for foliar and systemic
herbicides. Contamination of surface water and groundwater by systemic
herbicides also present a potential exposure risk to this obligatory
hydrophyte.
Indirect impacts could occur from the use of pesticides which may kill
nontarget pollinator species such as bees and other insects. The only
insecticide in this group, azinphos-methyl, is highly toxic to bees, birds
and aquatic species and has relatively long environmental persistence.
Although this thistle is a perennial species capable of vegetative
reproduction, its primary means of dispersal is sexual reproduction, which
allows for the exchange of genetic material through cross-pollination and
promotes genetic diversity. Therefore, it would be prudent to apply this
chemical only after pollination.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): amitrol, ammonium sulfamamte, atrazine, azinphos-
methyl, cacodylic acid, dalapon, dazomet, dichlobenil, dichlorprop,
diphenamid, EPTC, fosamine-ammonium, glyphosate, hexazinone, MCPA-thioethyl,
paraquat dichloride, picloram, simazine.
III-315
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: San Mateo thornmint (Acanthomintha obovata ssp._duttoni.)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
This species occurs only on Edgewood Park, San Mateo County, California.
Edgewood Park is currently a wholly undeveloped property featuring open
space and passive recreation. As such, it could be subject to rangeland
chemical management. Recovery efforts have not proceeded to the point
where the Service is confident of alternate protections from chemical
applications.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
The Service continues to support the need for label restrictions, and
reaffirms its previous biological opinion, including the reasonable and
prudent alternatives therein.
Edgewood Park might be a candidate for development of a memorandum of
understanding along the lines of the Agency's suggestion in part 2 of the
request. (This park is not operated by a Federal agency, but rather by San
Mateo County.) As discussed under Generic Questions in the introduction
to this opinion, the Service cannot accept the concept of such an approach
as an acceptible alternative to avoid jeopardy. However, if the Agency
would like to pursue such an idea with the County, the Service would be
happy to review any executed agreement as an alternative to label
restrictions.
III-316
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Last Chance townsendia (Townsendia aorica)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE:
The last chance townsendia occurs in portions of Emery, Sevier, and Wayne
Counties, Utah. Most of the plants are on public lands managed by the
Bureau of Land Management, with a few on private lands. There also is one
small population in Capitol Reef National Park.
This species occurs in silty soils of the Marcos Formation and is associated
with the pinyon-juniper vegetational community. The Agency has stated
that there is no apparent threat to this species from forest herbicides
because no forestry in practiced in the area, without providing the source
of that information.
A definition of what is included in forestry uses is needed. A common
practice is to eliminate or educe pinyon-juniper woodland communities to
improve forage for livestock and to use herbicides to control noxious
weeds. Therefore, the Service believes that pesticides registered for
forestry and rangeland uses are likely to jeopardize the continued existence
of the last chance townsendia.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
Pesticides that are likely to jeopardize the continued existence of the
species (reasonable and prudent alternatives are listed under each of these
chemicals in Section II): ammonium sulfamate, atrazine, azinphos-methyl,
cacodylic acid, dalapon, dichlorobenil, EPTC, glyphosate, hexamine, paraquat
dichloride, picloram, simazine.
According to the the Agency, amitrole, dazomet, dichlorprop, diphenamid,
fosamine-ammonium) are not registered for forestry or rangeland uses.
Given that fact, the Service concurs that there will be no exposure to,
and thus no affect on, the last chance townsendia.
III-317
-------
-------
SPECIES PROFILE
SPECIES: Hawaiian vetch (Vicia menziesii)
ADDRESSED IN REQUEST PART 3
SPECIES/HABITAT DESCRIPTION:
The species has a very limited distribution on the slopes of the island of
Hawaii, between about 5,000 and 6,000 feet elevation.
PESTICIDE EXPOSURE/HAZARD POTENTIAL:
While forested areas surround the plant colonies, forest chemicals are not
applied to these forest areas. Threats to the species are from sources
other than chemicals.
BIOLOGICAL OPINION:
The Agency asked that this species be added to the Forest Cluster
consultation dated October 25, 1984, presumably as a species considered
jeopardized by forest use chemicals. The Service has evaluated the current
condition of the species and sought the advice of specialists in the field
and does not believe the vetch will be affected by any forest chemicals.
III-318
-------
-------
SECTION IV - MAPS
As requested by the Agency, maps of the occupied habitat or recharge areas
for those species addressed in this opinion were provided independently of
this document on April 26 and May 12, 1989. Maps were provided for the
following species:
Falcon, northern aplomado
Plover, piping
Stork, wood
Tern: California least, interior least
Vireo, least Bell's
Woodpecker, red-cockaded
Rattlesnake, New Mexican ridge-nosed
Snake, eastern indigo
Salamander: San Marcos, Santa Cruz long-toed, Texas blind
Toad: Houston, Puerto Rican crested, Wyoming
Catfish, Yaqui
Cavefish: Alabama, Ozark
Chub: Chihuahua, humpback, Mutton tui, slender, Sonora, spotfin, Yaqui
Dace: blackside, Kendall Warm Springs
Darter: amber, bayou, boulder, fountain, leopard, Maryland, Niangua,
Okaloosa, slackwater, snail, watercress
Gambusia: Big Bend, Clear Creek, Pecos, San Marcos
Logperch, Conasauga
Madtom: Scioto, smoky, yellowfin
Minnow, loach
Pupfish: Comanche Springs, desert, Leon Springs, Owen's
Shiner: beautiful, Cape Fear, Pecos bluntnose
Silverside, Waccamaw
Spikedace
Spinedace, Little Colorado
Squawfish, Colorado
Stickleback, unarmored threespine
Sucker: June, Lost River, Modoc, shortnose, Warner
Topminnow: Gil a, Yaqui
Trout: Apache, Gila, greenback cutthroat, Lahontan cutthroat, Little Kern
golden, Paiute cutthroat
Woundfih
Mussel: Curtus', Judge Tait's, Marshall's, penitent
Pearl shell, Louisiana
Pearly mussel: Alabama lamp, Appalachian monkeyface, birdwing, Cumberland
bean, Cumberland monkeyface, Curtis', dromedary, green-blossom,
Higgin's eye, little-wing, orange-footed, pale lilliput, pink mucket,
tubercled-blossom, turgid-blossom, white cat's paw, white wartyback,
yellow-blossom
Pigtoe: fine-rayed, rough, shiny
Pocketbook, fat
Riffle shell, tan
Spinymussel: James, Tar River
Stirrup shell
IV-1
-------
Amphlpod, Hay's spring
Crayfish, [cave], Nashville
Isopod: Madison Cave, Socorro
Shrimp: Alabama cave, Kentucky cave
Beauty, Harper's
Broom, San Clemente Island
BushmaHow, San Clemente Island
Evening-primrose, Antioch Dunes
Goldenrod, Blue Ridge
Gooseberry, Mlccosukee
Larkspur, San Clemente Island
Paintbrush, San Clemente Island Indian
Thistle, Sacramento Mountains
Thornmint, San Mateo
Townsendla, last chance
Wallflower, Contra Costa
IV-2
-------
SECTION V - PESTICIDE DATA SHEETS
The following section includes the pesticide data sheets, which, with the
hazard data provided in the reinitiation request, were used in the
evaluation method to assess risk to listed species. The pesticide data
sheets are presented in alphabetical order by common chemical name.
PESTICIDE PAGE
References V-3
Acephate V-5
Aldicarb V-6
Aluminum phosphide V-7
Aminocarb V-8
Aminopyridine (Avitrol) V-9
Amitrole V-10
Ammonium sulfamate V-ll
Atrazine V-12
Azinphos-methyl (Guthion) V-13
Benomyl V-14
Bensulide V-15
Bifenox V-16
Bifenthrin V-17
Bufencarb V-18
Cacodylic acid (Dimethylarnic acid) V-19
Camphechlor (Toxaphene) V-20
Captan V-21
Carbaryl V-22
Carbofuran V-23
Carbophenothion V-24
Chlorothalonil V-25
Chlorpyrifos V-26
Cloethocarb V-27
Clopyralid V-27A
Copper sulfate, basic V-28
Cuprous oxide V-29
Cypermethrin V-30
2-4 D acid/ salts and esters V-31
Dalapon V-32
Dazomet (Mylone) V-33
Demeton V-34
Diazinon V-35
Dicamba/ Dimethylamine dicamba V-36
Dichlobenil V-37
Dichlorprop (2,4-DP) V-38
Dichlorvos (DDVP) V-39
Dicofol (Kelthane) V-40
Dicrotophos V-41
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) V-42
Dimethoate V-43
Dinoseb V-44
Diphenamid V-45
V-l
-------
-------
PESTICIDE PAGE
Diquat dibromide V-46
Disulfoton (Disyston) V-47
Diuron V-48
Endosulfan V-49
Endrin V-50
EPN V-51
EPIC V-52
Ethion V-53
Ethoprop V-54
Ethyl parathion (Parathion) V-55
Fenamiphos (Nemacur) V-56
Fenitrothion V-57
Fenoprop (Silvex) V-58
Fensulfothion (Dasanit) V-59
Fenthion V-60
Fenvalerate (Pydrin) V-61
Fluchloralin V-62
Flucythrinate V-63
Fonofos V-64
Fosamine-ammonium V-65
Gas cartridges V-66
Glyphosate V-67
Hexazinone V-68
Isofenphos (Oftanol) V-69
Linuron V-70
Magnesium phosphide V-71
Malathion V-72
Mancozeb V-73
MCPA-thioethyl V-74
Methidathion V-75
Methomyl V-76
Methoprene V-77
Methoxychlor V-78
Methyl parathion V-79
Metolachlor V-80
Mevinphos (Phosdrin) V-81
Naled V-82
Nitrapyrin V-83
Oxamyl V-84
Oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R) V-85
Oxyfluorfen V-86
Paraquat dichloride V-87
Pendimethalin V-88
Permethrin V-89
Phorate V-90
Phosmet V-91
Phosphamidon V-92
Picloram/ Potassium picloram/ Triethylene picloram V-93
Profenofos (Curacron) V-94
Profluralin V-95
Propachlor V-96
V-2
-------
-------
PESTICIDE PAGE
Propargite V-97
Propazine V-98
Pyrethrin (Pyrethrum I) V-99
Rotonone V-100
Simazine V-101
Sodium cyanide V-102
SSS-tributyl phosphorothithioate (DEF) V-103
Strychnine V-104
Sulprofos (Bolestar) V-105
2,4,5-T V-106
Tebuthiuron V-107
Temophos V-108
Terbufos V-109
Terbutryn V-110
Thiodicarb V-lll
Thiophanate-methyl V-112
Trichlorfon V-113
Trifluralin V-114
Zinc phosphide V-115
V-3
-------
-------
REFERENCES USED IN THIS SECTION
1. Environmental Protection Agency. Chemical/pesticide fact sheet (by
chemical)
2. Environmental Protection Agency. Qualitative use assesment (by
chemical)
3. Royal Society of Chemistry. 1988. The agrochemicals handbook. (2nd
edition w/update). The University, Nottingham, England.
4. Smith, G. J. 1987. Pesticide use and toxicology in relation to
wildlife: organophosphorus and carbamate compounds. U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service Resource Publication 170.
5. Thomson, W. T. 1983-1986. Agricultural Chemicals - Books I - IV.
Thomson Publications. Fresno, CA.
6. Windholz, M., S. Budavari, R. Blumetti, E. Otterbein (eds.) 1983. The
Merck Index. Merck and Co., Inc. Rahway, NJ.
7. Environmental Protection Agency. Restricted use list of May 3, 1988.
8. Environmental Protection Agency. Letters of September 30 and October
12, 1988.
9. Sine, C. (ed.) 1987. Farm chemicals handbook. Meister Publishing Co.
Willoughby, OH.
10. Environmental Protection Agency. Registered use printouts (by
chemical).
11. Environmental Protection Agency. File of field wildlife kill reports.
12. Office of Science and Technology. 1971. Ecological effects of
pesticides in non-target species. U. S. Government Printing Office.
13. Prior biological opinions listed on page 2 of this opinion.
14a/b Environmental Protection Agency attachment A (bioaccumulation); B
(degradation products). December, 1988.
15. Environmental Protection Acency. 1989. Comments on draft biological
opinion.
EPA - 1, 2 and/or 13.
V-4
-------
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Acephate IYP£: Systemic insecticide
TRADE NAME: Orthene, Ortho 12420, Ortran, Ortril, Tornado
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Cotton-foliar application primarily by aircraft
(2) Generally 1 to 2 applications. Forests-aircraft (2)
FORMULATION: Tech 85 percent, 80 percent and 75 percent soluble
concentration solids; 85 percent cartridge; 15.6 percent and 9.4 percent
soluble concentrate liquids; 3 percent pressurized liquids; and 1.5 percent
granular
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout (8) llOOppm, fathead
minnow 100 ppm, brook trout lOOppm, daphnia 62.9ppm, shrimp 9.5ppm, oyster
larvae 3.28 ppm.
L050: Acute oral-mouse 361mg/kg, rat 945mg/kg, junco 106mg/kg, mallard
350mg/kg, ring-necked pheasant 140mg/kg (4).
PERSISTENCE: Moderate persistence with some residual systemic activity(2)
Half-life 11 days in soil. Much longer in water particularly at cool
temperatures and low ph (1987 APHIS opinion). Relatively low persistence,
6 to 15 days (4). Half-life estimates in plants and water range from 5 to
10 days.
BIOACCUMULATION: Very low predicted bioconcentrate factor. (4) Low
potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 65,000ppm (8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3) Studies demonstrate
postspraying cholinesterase inhibition in birds (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, forest, soybeans, wheat, vegetables, fruit,
nuts, tobacco, turf, ornamentals, pasture/rangeland, noncrop (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Degradation products include methamidophes (5 - 10 %).
Methamidophos is an order of magnitude more toxic than acephate to avian
species (14b). LD50 values ranged from 7.5 to 14mg/kg for mammals to 8 to
25mg/kg for birds. LC50 values for birds 90-110ppm.
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Federally registered for use in cotton in
AL, AR, FL, GA, LA, MS, and TX (2). Orthene is also State registered (24C)
for use in CA, MO, NM, OK and TN. 80 to 85percent of acephate used In US is
applied to cotton, tobacco and ornamentals.
V-5
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Aldicarb TYPE: Systemic Insecticide,
acariclde, nematicide
TRADE NAMES: Temik, Ambush
METHOD OF APPLICATION: (1) soil Incorporated at time of crop planting-
beslde row (onto or below surface)
FORMULATION: (8) granular
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (8) Coldwater fish 0.56ppm
Warmwater fish 0.63ppm
Invertebrates 0.41ppm
Shrimp O.OlSppm
LD50: rats 0.65-0.8 mg/kg (4)
quail 2.58mg/kg; mallard 3.4mg/kg; bobwhlte 2.0-2.5 mg/kg; red-winged
blackbird 1.78mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: (4) Half-life 1n soil 1-28 weeks; rapidly degraded in pond
water
BIOACCUMULATION: (1) accumulation in non target organism minimal
Low potential for bioaccumulation (14b)
SOLUBILITY: (1) water soluble; (3) 6gm/l at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3) Five European studies
document nontarget birds an injest lethal doses [granules] during normal
feeding activities. U. S. kills of quail/pheasants from CA and NC (11)
Terrestrial field study: birds and mammals killed even with in-furrow and
covered application. (15)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Vegetables, cotton, fruit, nuts, sorghum, soybeans,
sugar beets, sugarcane, tobacco, turf, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Harmless residues. However, sandy and acidic soils
w/moderate to heavy rainfall and irrigation, 31 or more/ac below 50 C may
retard breakdown and promote movement into groundwater
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Other hazards - accident history (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Mobile in soil, may reach groundwater. Not
expected to move from bare sloping field.
Complete incorporation Into soil important to reduce wildlife exposure (4)
Do not apply - Del Norte Co. CA; do not apply more than 5 Ibs/ac in PL and
apply only between 1-1/4-30
(4) Host toxic of carbamate and organophophate pesticides
V-6
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Aluminum phosphide TYPE: Insecticide, fumigant
TRADE NAME: Rotox, Fumitoxin, Phostoxin
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Surface application
FORMULATION: (7) gas, tablets, pellets, fumigant
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic invert.):
LD50:
PERSISTENCE: (Applicator's manual • Phostoxin): high temperature and
humidity - 3 days; lower temperature/humidity - 5 days
BIOACCUNULATION:
SOLUBILITY: Insoluble (Industry material safety data sheet)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: EPA Reg amendment 1-22-87: 29 incidents
between 1966-1981 (human)
EPA REGISTERED USES: (Applicator manual) animal feed, raw agricultural
commodities, processed and nonprocessed foods, rodents
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Reacts readily with water to produce phosphine, which
is highly toxic (6). Mammals: powerful respiratory poison, at 10mg/m3
can cause death in 6 hours; (3) toxic to fish
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Inhalation hazard to humans (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (App. manual) Product highly toxic to
wildlife. Nontarget organisms exposed to gas in burrows will be killed
V-7
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Aninocarb TYPE: Insecticide, acaracide
TRADE NAME: Matacil, Metacil, Bay 44646
METHOD OF APPLICATION: (4) Spray-aerial
FORMULATION: (3) wettable powder (4) oil-soluble concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (12) Gammarus 39ppb
LD50: (3) rats 30-50mg/kg
(12) muledeer 7.5-15 mg/kg
mallards 22.5mg/kg; pheasants 42mg/kg; r-w blackbird 50mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: (4) Reported to degrade rapidly and have low environmental
persistence
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) slightly soluble in water
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) toxic to bees (4) at 1 oz/acre had
little or no effect on most forest songbirds; no significant cholinesterase
activity
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) cotton, fieldcrops, forestry (Canada -4))
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (4) High to extreme acute toxicity to mammals
and birds
V-8
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Aminopyrldine .TYPE: Avicide
(Frightening agent)
TRADE NAME: Avitrol
METHOD OF APPLICATION: ground, sometimes aerial (15)
FORMULATION: (7) pulverized feed, chops, powder
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.):
LD50: Toxic to birds when eaten in sufficient quantities (5)
PERSISTENCE:
»
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY:
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (7) corn, sorghum, mixed grains, sunflowers
(5) Used to repel seagulls around airports
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Hazard to fish and nontarget birds (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-9
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Amitrole TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Weedazol, Amizol, Cytrol, Azolajn, Herblzol
METHOD OF APPLICATION: (3) Pre-sow, pre-plant
FORMULATION: (3) water soluble powder, soluble concentrate
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) nontoxic to fish
(12) Salmon 3250ppm
LD50: (3) Nontoxic to birds (12) mallard >2000mg/kg
(6) rats 25g/kg mice 14.7g/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) In soil, 2-4 weeks; in plants readily metabolized.
(12) water: applied at rate of l.Oppm, persisted more than 201 days with
significant quantities detected in hydrosoil
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 280g/l at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Nontoxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Fruit, ornamental, cereal stubble, noncrop,
including aquatic weeds
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Oncogenic potential (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Total control of annual and perennial
grasses and broad-leaved weeds, aquatics
V-10
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Ammonium sulfamate TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Amjnate, Amcide, Ikurin, Sulfamate, Silvidde
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Crystals, water-soluable powder
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) carp 1000-2000 mg/1
LD50: (3) rats 3900mg/kg
quail 3000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 684g/l at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Noncrop, crop, forestry
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Control of woody plants and trees,
herbaceous perennials, most annual broad-leaved weeds and grasses
V-ll
-------
CHEMICAL MAME: Atrazine TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Tractor mounted spray boom major type. Small X
applied either aerially, hand-held spray guns, and granular drop-type
spreader.(z/
FORMULATION: Granules, wettable power, flowablet2)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 4.5ppm. Rainbow trout,
S.Oppm. Bluegill.
HSppm Daphniav8/
LD50: (3) rat 3080 mg/kg mice 1750mg/kg rabbits 750mg/kg
mallard 19,650mg/kg bobwhite 5,760mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: Half-life - 140 days in aerobic soil conditions^)
159 days in aerobic soil conditions
578 days in water
BIOACCUMULATION: In mammals, atrazine is rapidly metabolized. More than
50 percent of dose Is eliminated in urine and 33 percent in feces within
24 hours.'3)
SOLUBILITY: 28mg/l at 20C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn (83 percent) wheat, rye, millet, sugarcane,
tobacco, pastures/rangeland, sorghum (10 percent), nuts, fruit, vegetables,
turf, noncrop, fallow land, forests, ornamentals . (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Atrazine is being reviewed by EPA for ground
water concerns. It was recommended that registrants conduct a groundwater
monitoring program.
V-12
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Azlnphos-methyl TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
TRADE NAME: Guthlon, Methyl Guthion, Gusathion, Cotnlon-methyl, Carfene,
Bay 17147, Bay R 1582
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar by ground or aerial equipment
FORMULATION: Dust, granular, wettable powder, emulslflable concentrate,
flowable concentrate, soluble concentrate, ULV
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 4 ppb brown trout (12)
0.56 ppb gammarus (12)
LD50: 18 mg/kg rats (12) 4.4 mg/kg rat (1)
75 mg/kg pheasant (12); starling 27mg/kg, mallard 136mg/kg,riw
blackbird 8.5mg/kg (4)
*
PERSISTENCE Half-life of 21 days In non-sterile soil [emulslflable
concentrate • 12 days; granules • 28 days (4)]
68 days under anaerobic conditions, 355 days [ on oranges
(4)] under sterile conditions
traces on Insects after 2 years (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: 95% eliminated with 2 days
Low potential for bloaccumulatlon (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 29 mg/1 (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: 1 bird kill and 29 Incidents of aquatic
toxldty Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, cottonseed, forest Including tree seedlings,
oats, rye, wheat, soybeans, sorghum, barley, sugarcane, alfalfa, clover,
tobacco, fruit, nuts, vegetables, ornamentals, irrigation supply systems
(10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Benzazlmide, hydroxymethyl benzazimide
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Hazard to avian, mammalian, and aquatic species, human
inhalation hazard
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Molluscicide (1)
Highly toxic to aquatic species
(4) can be extremely toxic to mammals and birds; has relatively long
environmental persistence; highly active with cholinesterase
V-13
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Benomyl TYPE: Systemic fungicide
TRADE NAME: Benlate, Tersan 1991, Arboral, Correx, Elmosan, Grex, Lignasan,
Ultra-Sofrll
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar or dormant (dip, flood, spray), soil, seed
dip, injection - Aerial and ground(3)
FORMULATION: technical chemical, formulation intermediate, granular,
pelleted/tableted, wettable powder, flowable concentrate, soluble
concentrate/1iquid(3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.):
LD50: NOEL rats: 30 mg/kg/day; mice: 50 mg/kg/day (EPA)
rat >10,000mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Benomyl dissipates (95%) in a variety of soils from fine
sand to silty loan soils in less than 3 months (EPA)
(4) bare ground 6-12 months; turf 3-6 months
BIOACCUMULATION: Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: EPA: benomyl and MBC do not leach significantly in soil
(4) 3.8mg/l
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (4) reduces earthworm numbers
EPA REGISTERED USES: Fruit, nuts, vegetables, rice, corn, soybeans, wheat,
barley, sugarcane, forests, ornamentals, turf, irigation supply systems
(10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) and (4) includes
2-AB, isocyantc (an Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor).
MBC is very highly toxic to channel catfish, with LC50 values of 7-19ppb.
Toxicity of MBC to rainbow trout fingerlings is 370ppb. (14b)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
NOTE: EPA labeling Information identifies the 2 madtoms as requiring
restricted use
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
"Benomyl and MBC are extremely toxic to freshwater fish and aquatic
invertebrates" (EPA). A possible human oncogen. Based on 5 environmental
fate studies, EPA has concluded that benomyl and MBC have low potential for
ground water contamination.
V-14
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Bensullde TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Betasan, Pretar, Disan, Exporsan, Pre-San
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Broadcast, pre-emergent, pre-plant, soil
Incorporation, aerial
FORMULATION: Technical chemical, granular, emulslflable concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): rainbow 0.72 mg/1 (3)
goldfish 1.2 mg/1
LD50: rats 770 mg/kg (3)
rabbits 3950 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: Duration of residual activity in soil 4-12 months (3)
BIOACCUMULATION: (4) (14a) Predicted bioacc. factor Indicators moderate
potential to bioconcentrate
SOLUBILITY: 25 mg/1 (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton [soil treatment], vegetables, turf (esp. golf
courses), ground covers, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-15
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Blfenox TYPE: Herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: ground and aerial "
FORMULATION: Suspension concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, granules,
wettable powder (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout ll.OOOppm, bluegill
13.7000ppm, daphnia 2.3000 ppm, fish 44.000ppm, shrimp 0.0409ppm (8)
LD50: rats >6400mg/kg LC 50 ducks & pheasants >5000mg/kg (3)
mice 4556mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: half-life in soil 7-14 days (3)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 0.35ppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Barley, oats, corn, sorghum, soybeans, wheat, rice,
forests, ground covers, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-16
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Bifenthrin TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
TRADE NAME: Brigade, Talstar, FHC 54800
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Eraulsifiable concentrate, suspension concentrate, wettable
powder
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) bluegill 0.00035mg/l
rainbow 0.00015 mg/1
daphnia 0.00016 mg/1
LD50: (3) rats 54.5mg/kg
bobwhite 1800 mg/kg
mallard > 4450mg/kg
»
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUNULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) O.lmg/1
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (15) cotton
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-17
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Bufencarb TYPE: Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Bux
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Soil treatment (4)
FORMULATION: Emulsiflable concentrate, granules (4)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.):
LD50 (Other): Rat 87-170mg/kg (4)
mallard 10.5mg/kg; pheasant 88mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: Halflife 1n soils 1-4 weeks aerobic; 2-6 weeks anaeribic (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Predicted bioconcentration potential low (4)
SOLUBILITY:
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Production ended In 1975, but still being applied at
least as late as 1982 (4) corn,rice
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Hydroxylated metabolites less toxic than parent (4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-18
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Cacodylic acid (Dimethylarnic add) TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Phytar, Bolls-Eye, Rad-E-Cade,~Salvo
METHOD OF APPLICATION: (3) post-emergent, spray?, Injection
FORMULATION: (3) Soluble concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (12) gambusia, tailUght shiner lOOOppm
Bufo tadpoles 100-lOOOppm
(Eastern oyster 40ppm - no effect)
LD50: (3) rats 700mg/kg
(6) mice 1.25g/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Inactivated on contact with soil
»
BIOACCUHULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 2kg/kg at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) noncrop, turf, cotton, "unwanted trees"
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) control weeds, trees
defoliant and desicant
(6) Human toxicity: More toxic by mouth than injection due to rapid
release of inorganic arsenic by gastric acid.
V-19
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Camphechlor TYPE: Insecticide, rodenticide .
acaricide
TRADE NAME: Toxaphene
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Emulsifiable concentrate, dustable powder, wettable powder (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Young rainbow 0.2mg/1 (3)
young pike O.lmg/1
Frog/ toad tadpoles 1.7/0.6ppm, oysters O.lppm, amphipod O.lSppm,
daphnia O.lSppm, mayfly 0.047ppm (12)
LD50 (Other): rats 40-90mg/kg, mice 80-110mg/kg rabbits 75-100mg/kg (3)
mallard 70.7mg/kg, pheasant 40mg/kg, bobwhite 85.4mg/kg (12)
PERSISTENCE: Soil: Highly resistent to leaching, half-life 70 days to 12
years. (3) Applied to soil at 140ppm persisted >6 years; at 50 ppm
persisted 11 years; at lOOppm, 14 years (12)
BIOACCUMULATION: mammals: ".. accumulates temporarily on body fat, but is
rapidly eliminated.." (3) Big Bear Lake, CA: at rate of 0.2ppm, plankton
73ppm, goldfish 200ppm, pelican fat 1700ppm. Oysters exposed at O.OSppm
concentrated 2920 times (12) Fish bioaccumulation factors up 52,000x (15)
SOLUBILITY: 3mg/l at room temperature (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Low toxicity to bees (3)
In marsh treated at 21b/ac, sora, coot and black tern produced no
j'oung. Reproduction limited by 25% in bobwhite and pheasant on
diet containing SOppm and 25 ppm respectively (12) High mortalities
in fish-eating birds at Tule Lake/ lower Klamath due to applications
of large quantities of toxaphene in surrounding ag lands (12)
Phytoplankton exposed 4 hrs to Ippm reduced production 91 %.(12)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, maize, soybeans, fruit, vegetables, clover,
rodent control, animal ectoparasites (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: dechlorinated metabolites (3)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Non-systemic insecticide - stomach and contact
action; rodenticide - stomach action. (3)
V-20
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Captan TYPE: Fungicide
TRADE NAME: Merpan, Orthocide, SR-406, Vancide 89
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Ousting, spraying, misting, dipping, mixing and
low pressure bomb aerosols. (1) Including aerial or tractor mounted. (2)
FORMULATION: Dusts, wettable powders, aqueous suspensions, and granules
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): Brook trout 0.0340ppm, bluegill
0.0720ppm, brown trout 0.0262ppm, daphnla 8.4000ppm (8)
LD50: rats 9000mg/kg
mallards and pheasants >5000mg/kg (3)
bobwhlte 2000-4000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: Practically Insoluble in water (1); 3.30ppm (8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not dangerous to bees when used as
directed. (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, soybeans, barley, rye, sorghum, wheat,
vegetables, fruit, rangeland, alfalfa, clover, tobacco, ornamentals, turfs,
pets (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Characterized as "very highly toxic" to both
cold and warmwater fish. (1)
V-21
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Carbaryl TYPE: Contact Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Sevin, Carbamine, Carpolin, Cekubaryl, Denapon, Devlcarb,
Hexavln, Karbaspray, Nac, Ravyon, Septene, Tercyl, Trlcarnam
METHOD OF APPLICATION: ground and aerial
FORMULATION: Baits, dust, granules, wettable powders, flowables and aqueous
dispersions (1)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout .0026ppm, bluegill
14.00ppm, daphnia .0056ppm, gammarus 0.0260ppm
L050: Rabbit 710mg/kg, rat 850 mg/kg, 500mg/kg, red-winged blackbird
56mg/kg, mallard >2564mg/kg, sharp-tailed grouse <1000mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life appears to range from 7 to 28 days 1n aerobic and
anaerobic soils, respectively (1) persistence enhanced In oil carrier (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Preliminary data Indicated that these may be a potential
for carbaryl and Its residues to accumulate 1n catfish, crayfish, snail,
duckweed, and algae (1). Rapidly excreted in animals, mainly in urine (1).
Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 120ppm(8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Extremely toxic to bees and beneficial
insects (1,3) Some studies report decrease in bird numbers, but actual
causes not established (4) at 1.251b/ac toads, frogs, salamanders and snakes
appeared unaffected (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Alfalfa, clover, fruit, nuts, vegetables, forests,
shelterbelt trees, pasture/rangeland, noncrop, barley, oats, rye, corn,
cotton, sorghum, soybeans, wheat, rice, tobacco, sugar beets sunflowers,
forage grasses, ornamentals, turf, poultry, mammals, Irrigation supply
systems (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: less toxic than parent (4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates.(1)
Moderately toxic to both warmwater and coldwater fishes and has only low
toxicity to birds. (1) Possible acetylcholinesterase problems.
V-22
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Carbofuran TYPE: Systemic Insecticide,
acaricide, neraaticide
TRADE NAME: Furadan, Curaterr, Yaltox
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Ground (furrow or band) or aerial
FORMULATION: Granule, spray, ULV
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 94ppb fish, 9.8ppb Invertebrates. 0)
.OOSppm blueglll, 0.038ppm daphnia(8)
LD50: 2.5 mg/kg cat ;.rat llmg/kg, dog 19mg/kg (4)
0.4 mg/kg mallard v17); fulvous whistling duck 0.24mg/kg, house
sparrow 1.3 mg/kg, bobwhite 5 mg/kg r-w blackbird 0.42mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life of 1-8 weeks in soil, less stable under alkaline
conditions, more stable in anaerobic conditions U)
soil half -life 2 - 50 weeks (4)
BIOACCIMJLATION: (4) potential, based on water solubility, is low
(14a) low potential for accumulation
SOLUBILITY: 700ppmnM8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
4 reports of wigeon dle-offs, 1 Canada geese; many others Including coots,
mallards, pintails, g-w teal, frogs, fish crayfish, earthworms (4) eagles,
horned larks, waterfowl, cattle egret, raptors, shorebirds, songbirds,
longspurs, sparrows [up to 3.6 birds/acre in corn] (11)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, barley, oats, sorghum, soybeans, wheat,
rape, sunflowers, forest [white pine], rice, alfalfa, clover, sugarcane,
sugar beets, fruit, vegetables, tobacco, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: 3-hydroxy carbamate and 7-phenol products^)
less toxic than carbofuran
Major degradation products range from slightly toxic to highly toxic (to
birds) (14b)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute Inhalation toxicity (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Very highly toxic to fish and invertebrates
and birds. High leaching potential (*J Cholinesterase inhibitor (6)
"roposed for cancellation in granular formulations Feb 1989.
V-23
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Carbophenothion TYPE: Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Trithion, Dagadip, Endyl, Garrathlon, Lethox, Nephocarp
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar application by ground or aerial equipment(1)
FORMULATION: dust, wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, granular,
pelletsHJ
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): 13ppb blueglll,
1.2ppb Palaemonetesj})(8)
0.47ppm pink shrimpv1)
LD50: 0.02pp« in ratsJJJ canada goose 29-35 mg/kg(4)
320ppm bobwhltel1) red-wing blackbird 7.5mg/kg (4)
mallard 121mg/kg, grouse 76-170mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: (4) soils, longer than 6 months
BIOACCUMULATION: Preliminary data Indicate potential to accumulate in
f1sh(J> High potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
Factor exceeds 1000 - one of highest of organophosphates (4)
SOLUBILITY: °.34ppmO) 2.00ppm(8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Moderately toxic to bees (3) Goose deaths
from Ingestlon of treated seed • Scotland (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Mostly used on citrus* alfalfa, corn, soybeans,
cotton, sorghum* alfalfa, clover, sugar beets, forest, vegetables, fruit,
nut, turf, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: parent and metabolites have cholinesterase acitvlty (4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Very highly toxic to aquatic and marine
organisms ChoiInesterase Inhibitor (6)
V-24
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Chlorothalonil TYPE: Fungicide, bactericide,
nematicide
TRADE NAME: Bravo
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Suspension concentrate, wettable powder, fogging
concentration
FORMULATION:
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout 0.0470ppm, bluegill
0.0510 ppm, channel catfish 0.0430ppm, daphnla 0.0700ppm, shrimp 0.1650ppm
(8).
LD50: rats >10,000 mg/kg ".!
LC 50 bobwhite 5200mb/kg, mallard duckling >21,500 mg/kg (3)
PERSISTENCE: Foliar half-life: 30 days (2).
BIOACCUMUUATION:
SOLUBILITY: l.ZOppm (8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, soybeans, sugar beets, fruit, vegetables,
forests, turf, ornamentals. (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-25
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: ChTorpyrlfos TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
TRADE NAME: Oursban (household), Looseban (agriculture), Brodan, Dowco
179, Eradex, Killmaster, pyrlnex
METHOD OF APPLICATION: ground, aerial spray and dust
FORMULATION: Baits, dust, granules, wettable powders, Impregnated plastic,
sprays
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): .0071ppm-trout(8)
.0024ppm-sunfish(8)
.Olppm-stonefly
LD50: 163ppm-rats(l) Calif, quail 68.3mg/kg (4)
76ppm-duck(l) Canada goose 40-80mg/kg (4)
17ppm-pheasant(l) Sandhill crane 25-50mg/kg (4)
House sparrow 21mg/kg (4); Bullfrog >400mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE:Low to moderate persistence (4); when applied to soil, buildings
may retain activity for several weeks; on crops 1-20 days(4)
BIOACCUMULATION: High potential for bioaccumulatlon (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 2ppm at 25C (6)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Moderate mammalian toxicity (1)(4);
toxic to bees(3) Goose dleoffs on golfcourses (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Alfalfa, fruit, nuts, corn, cotton, sorghum,
soybeans, wheat, oats, barley, rye, millet, buckwheat, rice, herbs,
vegetables, tobacco, sugar beets, safflower, sunflowerspasture, clover,
turf, ornamentals, forests, noncrop, mosquito larvlcide, domestic animals,
ponds and other wetlands, Irrigation supply systems (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
Humans excluded from treated areas for 24 hours; drift or runoff hazardous
to aquatic organisms(2) wildlife die off at rates i£ or below label
rates(4); considered toxic to fish, crustaceans and bees (4)
V-26
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Cloethocarb TYPE: Systematic Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Lace nematicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Wettable powder, granulars, liquid seed treatment,
briquette, suspension concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Moderately toxic to fish
LD50: (3) rats 35.4mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Residual activity 3-7 weeks
BIOACCUMULATIOH:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 1.3g/kg at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (8) Crops
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-27
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Copper sulfate, basic TYPE: Algldde
METHOD OF APPLICATION: aerial and ground (water)
FORMULATION: Technical chemicals, granular, pelleted/tableted,
crystalline, soluble concentrate/liquid, liquid-ready to use. Fungicide
and algicide (2).
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout 0.1300ppm, bluegill
1.3920ppm, daphnia 0.1760ppm, palemonetes, 17.0000 ppm, shrimp IS.OOOOppm
(8).
L050: (12) mallards > 2000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: lOl.OOppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, cotton, soybeans, barley, wheat, fruits,
nuts, rice, tobacco, sugar beets, vegetables, alfalfa, ornamentals,
irrigation supply systems (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Appears to be used primarily to control
aquatic weeds. (12) the marine of safety for fish...for aquatic weed control
is small. Less toxic to fish in hard water than soft
V-28
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Clopyralid TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME:
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Soluble concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic invert.): (96hr) Rainbow 103.5 mg/1
Bluegill 125.4 mg/1
LD50: Rats >4300 mg/kg
Mice >5000 mg/kg
Mallard 1465 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: Microbial degradation in soil; not metabolized in plants; in
rats (oral) rapid and almost quantative elimination in the urine.
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: In water at 25C 9g/l
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Non-toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: Sugarbeets, fodder beets, oilseed rape, maize,
brassicas, onions, leeks, strawberries, flax and
rangeland
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by
roots and leaves with translocation and accumulation in meristematic tissue.
Acts on cell elongation and respiration. Used for post-emergent control
of many annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds.
SOURCE OF DATA: The Agrichemical Handbook, 2nd edition, Update 3, June 1989
-27A
-------
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Cuprous oxide TYPE: Fungicide
METHOD Of APPLICATIOM:
FORMULATION: (3) Water dlspersible granules, wettable powder, emulslflable
concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) goldfish 60-150mg/l
(13) catfish 0.850-4.17mg/l
LD50: (3) rats 470mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3} Oxidizes in the presence of moisture
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) Practically Insoluble In water
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Nontoxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) vegetables, fruit
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: (3) black copper oxide, copper carbonate
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Acts as an enzyme Inhibitor
V-29
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Cypermethrln TYPE: Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Rlpcord, Barraicade, Ambush
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Emu!sifiable concentrate, granules, wettable powder,
ULV liquid
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) brown trout 0.0020-0.0028 mg/1
LD50: (3) rats 200-800mg/kg
mice 138mg/kg
chickens > 2000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) In soil, hydrolysis occurs in about 16 weeks
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) O.Olmg/1 at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Fruit, vegetables, corn, soybeans, cotton, rice,
ornamentals, forestry, mosquitos
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Oncogencity; hazard to nontarget organisms (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-30
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: 2-4 0 add/salts and esters TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Emulslflable concentrate, soluble concentrate, water-
soluble powder, granules
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Esters toxic to fish, other
formulations are not. Rainbow l.lmg/1 (add), 100mg/l (salt)
LD50: (3) rats 375mg/kg salt, 700mg/kg ester
wild ducks > lOOOmg/kg
Jap. quail 668mg/kg, pheasants 472 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Residual activity in soil - 6 weeks
BIOACCUMULATION: (3) Rats - elimination 1s rapid
SOLUBILITY: (3) 620mg/l at 20C - esters insoluble in water
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Cereals, corn, sorghum, grassland, turf, fruit,
rice, sugar cane, forestry, noncrop, aquatic weeds
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Growth inhibitor. Controls annual and
perennial broad-leaved weeds, aquatics
V-31
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: DaUpon-sodium TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) wettable powder, granules, water-soluble powder
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Rainbow, channel catfish >100mg/l
Carp > 500mg/l
(12) Brown shrimp, stonefly nymph l.Oppm
LD50: (3) rats 7570-9330mg/kg chickens 5660mg/kg
mice >4600mg/kg mallards, Jap. quail >5000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Residual activity in soil about 3-4 months. No
significant degradation in plants. Mammals 65-70 percent eliminated in 2
days.
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 500g/kg at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Noncrop, fruit, forestry, vegetables, soybeans,
corn sorghum, cotton, ornamentals, aquatic plants
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Controls annual and perennial grasses,
weeds, sedges, rushes, helophytes, and semi-aquatic grasses.
V-32
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Dazomet TYPE: Nematicide, fungicide,
herbicide, insecticide
TRADE NAME: Mylone
METHOD OF APPLICATION: (3) soil fumigant(pre-plant)
FORMULATION: (3) Granules, dustable powder, wettable powder
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Toxic to fish
LD50: (3) rats 520mg/kg
mice 430mg/kg
rabbits 320-620mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (12) soil persistence 4 days
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 3g/kg at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) not toxic to bees when used as
directed
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Crops
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: (3) Methyl isothiocyanatc (evaporates), formaldehyde,
hydrogen sulplide, Methyl amine
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Phytotoxic to all green plants
soil sterilant - controls fungi, nemtodes, weeds seeds, and soil insects
V-33
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Demeton TYPE: Insecticide, acaridde
TRADE NAME: Systox, Systemox, Bay 10756, Demox, Mercaptophos
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Efflulslflable concentrate (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow l-10mg/1 (3)
Carp 15.2mg/l
LD50 (Other): rats 2.5-6.2 mg/kg (3); mule deer <10mg/kg (4)
quail 10.6mg/kg, house finch 2.38mg/kg, mallard 7.19mg/kg;
sharp-tailed grouse 4.76mg/kg (4)
bullfrog 562 mg/kg (4)
[dermal toxlcity high for birds/mammals (4)]
PERSISTENCE: Metabolites persisted to 14 days (4); in soil to 23 days (4)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 60mg-2g/l at room temperature (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Fruit, nuts, vegetables, field crops, ornamentals (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: In plants: sulphoxide, sulphone (3)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Systemic - contact and stomach action;
cholinesterase inhibitor (3)
V-34
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: D1az1non TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
TRADE NAME: Spectrodde, Basudin, Oazzel, Diagram, 01 anon, DiaterrFos,
Dlazajet, Olazide, Dlazol, Olzlnon, Oyzol, Gardentox, Kayazinon, Kayazol,
Knox-Out, Neocldal, Nlpsan, Nucidol, Sarolex
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Ground, aerial, aerosolsO)
FORMULATION: Granular, wettable powder, dust, emulslflable concentrate,
soluble concentrate, «1croencapsulate, oil solution.
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.079ppm blueglll, 0.522ppb daphnlad)
CLQ42ppm bluegill V8/0.014ppm daphnia
LD50: rat 250mg/kg, rabbit 130 mg/kg, mouse 80-135 mg/kg (4)
mallard 3.54mg/kg, bobwhite 8-10mg/kg, r-M blackbird 2mg/kg,
pheasant 4.33 mg/kg bullfrog >2000 mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Fairly stable(3|j but disappeared from treated water within
144 hours of treatment^1') persistent in soil'*'/
soil 4-6 weeks (4)
BIOACCUNULATION: Freshwater mussel concentrated 2X environmental level,
fish cone, 10X, biological half-life in fish less than 1 week.U7)
Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 40ppm(8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Diazinon confirmed or Implicated in
bird kills (23spp.)' ' throughout the country and throughout the year
(11) heron, waterfowl, coot, kill deer, raptor, doves, woodpecker,
passerines
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, rangeland, sorghum, soybeans, oats,
barley, wheat, rye, Millet, buckwheat, rice, forest [pine],
pasture/range!and, alfalfa, clover, sugar beets, safflower, sunflowers,
fruit, nut, turf, herbs, vegetables, tobacco, noncrop, ornamentals, domestic
animals, ponds and other wetlands, (10) mosquito control at domestic
dwellings (15)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Dlazoxon - toxic (4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Very high avian and aquatic toxicity.
Highly toxic to bees
V-35
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Dlcamba/Potassium dicamba TYPE: Systemic herbicide
TRADE NAME: Banvel, Mediben
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Granules, soluble concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Rainbow 28mg/1
Bluegill 23mg/l
(12) Gamnarus lO.OOOppb
LD50: (3) rats 1707mg/kg (Potassium • 6764mg/kg)
mallards 2080mg/kg (12) pheasants 673-800mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Soil: half-life <14 days
Mammals - rapidly eliminated In urine
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 6.5g/l at 25C
Potassium dicamba - 480g add equivalent/1
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
(12) Honeybees extremely sensitive L050 3.6 micogram/bee
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Cereals, corn, sorghum, sugar cane, asparagus,
turf, rangeland/pasture, noncrop
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Most legumes are sensitive
Control of annual and perennial broad-leaved weeds and brush
V-36
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Dichlobenil TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Pre- and post-emergent
FORMULATION: (3) Granules, wettable powder
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) gupples 18mg/1
(12) blueglll 17-48ppm
Gammarus 1.5-16ppm
LD50: (3) rats > 3160 Jap. quail > SOOOmg/kg
guinea pigs 501mg/kg pheasants 1500mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) In soil, half-life about 1-12 months depending on soil
type
BIOACCUMULATION: (12) Esters accumulated in sunfish after exposure to
sublethal concentrations in both lab and field
SOLUBILITY: (3) 18mg/l at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Fruit, nuts, ornamentals, noncrop, forests,
aquatic plants
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Inhibits cellulose synthesis, actively
dividing meristems and germination of seeds. Deep rooted plants are
tolerant. Controls annual and perennial weeds, aquatic plants
V-37
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Dlchlorprop (2,4 DP) TYPE: Systemic herbicide,
growth regulator
METHOD Of APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Soluble concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Blueglll 165mg/l (salt)
BluegUl l.l-16mg/l (ester)
LD50: (3) rats 800mg/kg
mice 400mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (12) soil application of 25ppm persisted >103 days
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 350mg/l at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Cereals, grassland, noncrop, aquatic weeds
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Control annual and perennial broad-leaved
weeds, aquatics
V-38
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Dlchlorvos (DDVP) TYPE: Insecticide, acarlcide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: fogging, livestock applications (4)
FORMULATION: emulsifiable concentrate, aerosol, granules, hot-fogging
concentrate, cold-fogging concentrate, impregnated strip, oil-misible liquid
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic invert.): (3) Bluegill 1.0 mg/1, (12) hermit crab
O.lSOppm, grass shrimp 0.39ppm, gammarus O.OOZppm, daphnia O.OOlppm
stonefly O.OlOppm, sand shrimp O.OlSppm
LD50: (3) rats 56-80 mg/kg (12) mallards 7.8mg/kg
rabbits 107 mg/kg pheasants 11.3mg/kg
dogs 10-300mg/kg mallard 8mg/kg, r-w blackbird 17mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: (3) non-persistent in the environment, with rapid
decomposition in the atmosphere
(12) detectable in atmosphere at 62 days in water at 20C
BIOACCUMULATION: Low predicted bioconcentration potential (4)
SOLUBILITY: 10 gm/1 at 20C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Highly toxic to bees (3)
One report of mallards dying of eating treated horse feed-(4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: (8) Hosquito larvicide
household and public health pests (4)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (4) Extremely toxic to birds, moderately
toxic to mammals. Toxic to fish
V-39
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Dlcofol TYPE: Acarlcide
TRADE NAME: Kel thane
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar sprayU) aerial application
FORMULATION: Emuls1f1able concentrate, wet table powder, dusts, U)
ready-to-use liquids, aerosol sprays.
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 1.86ppm Rainbow trout
3.85ppm Bluegill
O.Olppm Shrimp
LD50: Rat 820-960pp* t
Rabbits 1870pp«(3)
Avian 1237-3100ppm (upland game birds) v1)
PERSISTENCE: Dicofol persists in soils for at least 4 years.
BIO ACCUMULATION: Yes, in some rotational crops & aquatic organisms.
SOLUBILITY: Oppn»(8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees. Thins ring dove
eggshells as much as DOE (15)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Alfalfa, clover, fruit, vegetables, nuts, corn,
cotton, sugar beets, turf, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: DDT metabolites
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Oicofol impairs the reproductive physiology
of fish and aquatic Invertebrates.
V-40
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Dicrotophos TYPE: Systemic Insecticide,
acariade
METHOD OF APPLICATION: foliar (aerial and ground), Injection
FORMULATION: Technical chemical, soluble concentrate/liquid, liquid-ready
to use (2)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout 0.3000ppm, channel
catfish 7.7000ppm, stonefly 0.4200ppm (8)
LD50: Mouse ll-16mg/kg, rat 21 mg/kg, mule deer 12.5-25mg/kg, California
quail 1.89 mg/kg, Canada goose 2.28mg/kg» mallard 4.3mg/kg, house finch
2.83mg/kg, r-w blackbird 1.6mg/kg, s-t grouse 2.3mg/kg, bullfrog 2000mg/kg
(4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life in foliage range from 1 to 4 days and, under moist
aerobic conditions in soils, are less than 6 days (4).
BIOACCUMULATION: Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: O.OOppm. Water soluble and is readily located through soil (4)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: A die-off of approximately 30 great-tailed
grackles was attributed to either intentional poisoning or gross misuse of
dicotophos (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: cotton, soybeans, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Major degradation product is monocrotophos; somewhat
more toxic to birds than dicrotophos, with LC50 values of 3-32ppm to various
species. (14b)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute dermal toxicity; residue effects on avian species
(7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Highly toxic to bees (2) (6) Choiinesterase
inhibitor (4) Starling nestlings more than twice as sensitive as adults.
Applications should consider bird reproduction and possible sublethal
effects.
V-41
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Olflubenzuron TYPE: Insecticide (larvicide)
TRADE NAME: Dimilin
METHOD OF APPLICATION: aerial or ground
FORMULATION: 25 percent wettable powder(l)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 25ppm yellow perch(l)
J35pp« bluegi1](8)
30pp« Gammarusu)
ISppa daphnialS)
>130ppra Oyster larvaeu)
Ippm shrimpvS)
LD50: >5000 ppm mallard/bobwhite(l)
PERSISTENCE: less than 2 weeks half-life under aerobic conditions^)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 0.2mg/l d)(8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: no data-none expected to verts.d)
Not dangerous to bees and predatory insects (3) Kills of aquatic
invertebrates (15)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, soybeans, forests, pasture (flood irrigated
pastures in CA only), ornamentals.(EPA)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: lack of environmental hazard data (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: low toxicity to birds, fish and bees; highly
toxic to aquatic inverts. Mode of action: chitin inhibitor
V-42
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Dlmethoate TYPE: Systematic Insecticide,
acaricide
TRADE NAME: Cygon
METHOD OF APPLICATIOH: Fol1ar spray by air, but mostly ground.
FORMULATION: Emu!s1f1able concentrate, wettable powder, dust, granuless ULV
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 5.95ppm - Rainbow
S.SOppm - Blueglll
O.OOOlppm - Grammarus
LD50: Rats - 215ppm(9) Mallard - 40ppm(3)"
Pheasants 20mg/kg»h "ouse sparrow 22 mg/kg, r-w blackbird 6.6mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life on oranges - 19 daysU)
Soil - 2-4 days
BIOACCUMULATION: Dlmethoate has relatively short environmental
persistence.U) Low predicted bloaccumulatlonU) (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 25g/l at 25C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3) Sage grouse in alpha!fa
fields - ID (11)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Alfalfa, clover, cotton, corn, sorghum, soybeans,
wheat, vegetables, tobacco, safflower, fruits, nuts, ornamentals, forests,
pasture, noncrop, livestock (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (6) Cholinesterase Inhibitor
V-43
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Olnoseb TYPE: Herbicide (some
Insecticide activity)
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Soluble concentrate, emulsifiable concentrate, aqueous
solution, water-in-oil emulsion
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Highly toxic to fish
(12) goldfish O.lppm - no effect
goldfish 0.4ppm 100 percent kill
L050: (3) chickens 26mg/kg rats 58mg/kg
Jap. quail (LC50) 409mg/kg rabbits (LC50) 80-200mg/kg
Ring-necked pheasant (LC50) 515mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) In soil 2-6 weeks
BIOACCUHULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 52mg/kg at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Toxic to bees, very toxic to man
EPA REGISTERED USES: (8) Crops (use discontinued for corn, small grains,
but not tobacco)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Product being bought up by EPA
V-44
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Dlphennamid TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: (3) pre-emergent
FORMULATION: (3) Wettable powder, granules
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) slightly toxic to fish
LD50: (3) rats 1050mg/kg
mice 600mg/kg
rabbits 1500mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) In soil (warm, damp conditions) 3-6 months
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 260mg/l at 27C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Cotton, vegetables, soybeans, tobacco,, fruit,
ornamentals, forest nurseries
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Control annual grass, some broad-leaved
weeds
V-45
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Diquat dibromide TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Reg lone, Reglox, Midstream, Reg.lex
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Aqueous solution, soluble concentrate, gel (3)
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): "Not toxic to fish" (3)
LD50 (Other): Rats 231mg/kg; mice 125 mg/kg; rabbits 187 mg/kg;
dogs 100-200 mg/kg; cows 37 mg/kg (3)
hens 200-400 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: "Rapidly and completely inactivated on contact with soil" (3)
BIOACCUHULATION: "..completely eliminated in the urine and faeces within
4 days" (3)
SOLUBILITY: 700g/l at 20C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, flax, clover, soybeans, sunflowers, maize,
rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit , sugar cane, ornamentals, control of
aquatic weeds, noncrop (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Contact herbicide - damages cell membranes
and cytoplasm (3)
V-46
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Dlsulfoton TYPE: Systemic insecticide, acaricide
TRADE NAME: Dlsyston, Dimax, Dithiodemetonr D1th1osystox, Frumln AL,
Solvlrox, Thlodemeton
METHOD Of APPLICATION: Soil incorporation of granules, granular broadcast,
ground/aerial spraying(l)
FORMULATION: emulslflable concentrate, granules, pelleted, liquids*1)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 39ppb bluegilljl) 27ppb GammarusU)
40ppb stoneflyll2) 18ppb rainbowvS)
LD50: rat 2-12mg/kg, mule deer 2.5-5mg/kg (4)
6.54 mg/kg mallard, bobwhite 12-29mg/kg, r-w blackbird 3.2mg/kg
pheasant 11.9mg/kg (4)
[rapidly absorbed through skin w. low acute dermal toxicities]
PERSISTENCE: 4 weeks in soilU2) on/in citrus 70-100 days (4)
In rats, rapidly absorbed, metabolized and excreted in urine
BIOACOMJLATION: Low potential for bioacopulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 99ppm(8) 25mg/l(3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: mortality to non-target species expected
due to high toxicity. Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, sorghum, wheat* oats, soybeans, barley,
alfalfa, vegetables, forests (plantings), ornamentals (EPA)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: metabolites may enhance cholinesterase inhibition^)
Thionate oxidation of disulfoton produces demeton, which is very highly
toxic to bluegill (LC50 - 42ppb)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute dermal/inhalation toxic (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Highly toxic to aquatic, terrestrial and
avian species.
V-47
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Oluron TYPE: Systemic herbicide,
algicide
METHOD Of APPLICATION: Broadcast or banded on soil surface by ground and
aerial equipment
FORMULATION: Hettable powder, suspension concentrate, granular, flowable,
pelleted/tableted
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): rainbow 5.6mg/l (3)
bluegill 5.9mg/l
LD50: rats 3400mg/kg bobwhite 1730mg/kg Mallard >5000mg/kg (3)
rabbits >20,000mg/kg jap quail >5000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: duration in soil 4-8 months (3)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 42mg/1 at 25C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Fruit, barley, oats, wheat, corn, cotton, sugar cane,
soybeans, noncrop, ornamentals, grass (seed) (EPA)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (6) Repeated doses cause anemia in rats
V-48
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Endosulfan TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Aerial and ground
FORMULATION: Granules, soluble concentrates, emu!slfiable concentrate, -
wettable powder, dustable powder, ULV liquids)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): O.OOOSppa - Rainbow(l)
0.1660ppm - Oaphnia
O.OOUppn - Bluegill
0.0062ppm - Gammarus
0.0009ppm - Fathead minnow
LD50: Rats - 70ppm
Rabbits - 359ppm (3)
Mallard - 205-245ppm
»
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION: In rats, metaboltics excreted in urine no accumulation
in milk, fat, muscle (3) BCF is 28-day study of striped mullet was 2249 in
edible tissue, 2755 1n whole body. No detectable residues could be found
after 48 hours (15).
SOLUBILITY: °.60ppm (1)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: 60-80% is uses on fruit trees (2). Alfalfa, nuts,
barley, corn, cotton, soybeans, oats, rye, wheat, vegetables, tobacco,
sugar beets, sugarcane, sunflowers, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-49
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Endrin TYPE: Insecticide, rodenticide
TRADE NAME: Endrex, Hexadrin
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Emu!sifiable concentrate, wettable powder, dustable powder,
granules (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): "extremely toxic to fish and other
aquatic life" (3)
LD50 (Other): Rats 7-15mg/kg (3)
"Extremely toxic to birds"
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCIMULATION: rapidly metabolized to hydrophilic meatbolites which are
excreted (3)
SOLUBILITY: practically Insoluble in water (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, maize, sugar cane, rice cereal grains,
ornamentals, noncrop (grasshoppers), orchards (voles) (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Useage radiply declining, owing to high
toxidty (3) Persistent insecticide - contact and stomach action (3)
V-50
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: EPN TYPE: Insecticide, acaHcide
TRADE NAME: EPN
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Soil incorporation (3)
FORMULATION: Granules, wettable powder, emu!sifiable concentrate, dust
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Blues111 0.37 mg/1 (3)
rainbow 0.21 mg/1
LD50 (Other): Rats 7.7-36mg/kg; mice 43mg/kg (3); dog 100-200 (4)
Cal quail 36.3mg/kg, mallard 3-7mg/kg, r-w blackbird 3.2mg/kg
pheasant 53 mg/kg, rock dove 5.9mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life 1n loam soil 15-30 days (3)
Oranges/lemons - 50/80 days (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: More bloaccumulatlve than ethyl parathion; bioconcentrates
in some estuarine animals (4) Although EPN is mildly bioconcentrated, it
is also rapidly depurated. Significant accumulation is unlikely unless EPN
1s present continuously (15)
SOLUBILITY: practically Insoluble in water (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Vegetables, sugar beets, clover, cotton, safflowers,
sunflowers, fruit, nuts, ornamentals, pineapples (3) mosquito larvicide
(4)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Humans: very poisonous swallowed or Inhaled;
extreme hazard by skin contact (3) Cholinesterase inhibitor (3)
Causes delayed neurotoxicity in some birds/mammals; potientiates toxicity
of malathion and dimethoate (4)
V-51
-------
CHEMICAL HAKE: EPIC TYPE: Systemic herbicide
TRADE NAME: Eptan, AUrox, Miptan, W1tox, Eradlcane
METHOD OF APPLICATION: (3) Pre-planting by soil Incorporation
FORMULATION: (3) Emulslfiable concentrate, granules
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Rainbow 19mg/1
Blueglll 27mg/l
L050: (3) rats 1652mg/kg
mice 3160mg/kg
LC50: bobwhite 20,000mg/kg [blackbird lOOmg/kg (4)]
PERSISTENCE: (3) In soil, rapid microblal degradation
(4) 1 week moist soil, more persistent In dry soil
(3) In plants, rapid metabollzation
BIOACCUHULATION: (4) Predicted bioacc. factor low
SOLUBILITY: (3) 375mg/l at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees when used as
directed
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Vegetables, sugar beet, clover, cotton,
safflowers, sunflowers, fruit, nuts, ornamentals, pine nurseries, corn
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Controls annual and perennial grasses,
some broad-leaved weeds (4) plants: inhibits meristematic growth
V-52
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Ethlon TYPE: Acaricide, Insecticide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar application by airblast sprayer and furrow
treatment w/granular formulations during planting. (2) aerial (10)
FORMULATION: Dusts, wettable powders, granules, emulsifiable concentrates
(2)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.073 ppm bluegill (8)
0.5 ppm rainbow (8)
5.6 ppb gammatus (12)
.01 ppb daphnia (12)
LD50: 96 mg/kg rats (12)
mallard >2560mg/kg (4) red-winged blackbird 45mg/kg (4)
«
PERSISTENCE: Half-life in/or citrus 30-42 days (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Predicted bioconcentration factor (flowing-water systems)
in moderately high (>400) (4) High potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 2ppm (8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, sorghum, nuts, fruit, vegetables,
alfalfa, clover, turf, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: monoxon and dioxon (4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute toxicity (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Also caused teratogenic effects, esp. when
combined with malathion (12)
V-53
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Ethoprop TYPE: Nematicide
TRADE NAME: Mocap, Ethoprophos, Prophos, Rovokil, VC 9-104
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Soil incorporation., spray, watering cans, mainly
applied to soil with immediate incorporation
FORMULATION: Granules
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): l-2ppm-trout(l)
13-25ppb-insects(l)
lppn-trout(8)
LD50: rat 61.5 mg/kg (4)
mallard 12.6mg/kg, pheasant 4.2 mg/kg (4)
[rapidly absorbed thru skin, dermal LDSO's low; dietary LDSO's of high
to moderately high subacute toxicity in young birds]
PERSISTENCE: Half-life 3-56 days in soil(l); moderately long residual-8
weeks(4); Half-life 14-87 days in soil(4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 700ppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not dangerous to bees when used as
directed (3) Robins, on lawn treated 30 days earlier ( ChE Inhibited 74%
in brain) (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Tropical fruits, corn, soybeans, potatoes, peanuts,
vegetables, tobacco, turf, ornamentals (EPA)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute dermal toxicity
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Highly toxic to birds, marine crestaceous
fish(l); bird die-offs or losses(4) Shoukd be carefully, fully incorporated
into soil to avoid wildlife exposure (4)
V-54
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Ethyl parathion TYPE: Insecticide, acaradde,
tadpole shrimp control
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Gr°und, broadcast, aerial*1)
FORMULATION: Emuls1f1able concentrate, granular, dust, baits, wettable
powders, Impregnated materials.vi)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.864ppm Rainbow. O.OlSppm Bluegill
0.0004ppm DaphnlaU)
LD50: Rats 3.6-13pp«, rabbit lOmg/kg, mouse 6-25mg/kg, mule deer 22-4mg/kg,
dog 3mg/kg; Cal quail 16.9 mg/kg, f. whistling duck 0.125-0.250
mg/kg, house sparrow 3.36 mg/kg, mallards 1.4-2.4mg/kg, bobwhlte 6-
13 mg/kg. r-w blackbird 2.5mg/kg, s-t grouse 5.66mg/kg (4)
[readily absorbed thru skin, low LDSO's]
PERSISTENCE: Moderately persistent. Loss of biological activity occurs
within 2-4-weeks. Applied to water at 20 C it persisted for 690 days.(4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Using continuous-flow system, parathion bioconcentrated
in tadpoles an average of 64 times.U) Moderate potential for
bioaccumulatlon (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 24ppm (8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees. Numerous records of deaths.
At 2-31b/ac 0.5-5.2 dead birds per hectare found in study. Lab: .tadpoles
exposed at 5 and 1 mg/1 fed to mallard ducklings resulted in death after
eating 1 tadpole. Lab: cricket frogs dosed at lOppm, Am kestrels died
ater eating 5 frogs (4) Bald eagle 1987 (Madison)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, oats, barley, wheat, sorghum* soybeans,
rye, rice, safflower, alfalfa, clover, sugar beets, fruit, nuts, vegetables,
forage grasses, pasture, mosquito larvae control, tobacco, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Paraoxon - a potent cholinesterase Inhibitor.(4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Inhalation hazard to human; acute dermal toxicity
Aquatic, mammalian, and avian residual effects.
Other hazards - accident history
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Parathion has been Implicated the causative
agent more often in unintentional wildlife die-offs than any other
organophosphate. (4) Impairs reproduction and cold tolerance - bobwhites
(4)
V-55
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Fenamlphos TYPE: Systemic nematldde
TRADE NAME: Nemacur, Phenamiphos
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Broadcast, In band, by drench before or at planting
to control nematodes (2)
FORMULATION: Emulslflable concentrate, granular (2)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 16 ppb bluegW (8)
rainbow 0.0721 mg/1 (3)
L050: 8.1-25mg/kg rat, mouse 8.3mg/kg, dog 19mg/kg (4)
1.0-2.4mg/kg bobwhite, pheasants 0.5-l.Omg/kg, mallard 1.68mg/kg (4)
[dermal toxlclty high]
PERSISTENCE: Active in soil for about 4 months.
BIOACCUMULATION: Rapidly excreted in animals (3)
(3) Predicted bloaccumulatlon factor low (4) (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 400 ppm (2) (8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (4) 400-500 Cedar waxuwlngs killed feeding
on sprayed berries and blossoms
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, soybeans, fruit, vegetables, tobacco, turf,
ornamentals, roadways/parkways (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: In plants, fenamiphos is oxidized to sulfoxide and
sulfone metabolites, and Is hydrolized to desisopropyl sulfoxide. These
metabolites are chollnesterase Inhibitors and are relatively persistent.
Birds feeding on treated vegetation would be exposed to these metabolites
(14b)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Avian acute oral toxicity (7)
Acute Inhalation toxicity
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Nematocide, also formulated w/Dasan1t
insecticide (15 percent granular) (7)
V-56
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Fen1troth1on TYPE: Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Sum1th1on
METHOD OF APPLICATION: ground; aerial (spruce budworm)
FORMULATION: wettable powder, emulslflable concentrate, soluble *
concentrate/liquid (EPA)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): very highly toxic to aquatic
Invertebrates (3ppb gamnarus); moderately toxic to warmwater/coldwater
fish (1.7ppm brook trout; 3.8ppm blueglll) (EPA) -
LD50: 330-800mg/kg rats (EPA)
mallard 1190-1662mg/kg, bobwhite 23.6-32mg/kg, s-t grouse 53.4 ma/kg
(4)
»
PERSISTENCE: 'Degrades fairly rapidly 1n soil with a half-life of less
than a wide in non-sterile much and sandy loam soils (EPA)
BIOACCUMULATION: Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 30mg/l at 20C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Highly toxic to bees (3) Studies in
Canadian forests have documented avian mortality, typically of small canopy
birds, possibly at a rate of 2-3 birds per acre. (15)
Forests: application rates of 3-4oz/ac may produce nesting mortality, over
4 oz/ac may produce adult mortality. Range: 3 and 6 oz/ac resulted in bird
mortality and decrease in bird numbers (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES; Forests [spruce, fir], nuts, ornamentals (10)
EPA: Used exclusively on ornamentals; forestry use markets lost because
of blrdkllls
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: For forestry uses, due to avian and aquatic Invertebrate
hazards (not included in 14)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: EPA: In 1985, used in GA, IN, KS, HO, MN, NY
and PA
V-57
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Fenoprop TYPE: Herbicide, growth Inhibitor
TRADE NAME: Kuron, Kurosal, Fruitone T, AquaVex
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Emulsiftable concentrate, soluble concentrate (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow 14.8mg/1 (3)
bluegill 9.6mg/l
LD50 (Other): Rats 650 mg/kg (3)
Dietary: mallards/bobwhite >12,800mg/kg diet
PERSISTENCE: Soil: degraded to 2,4,5-trichlorophenal, which is resistant
to further degradation (3)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 176mg/l at 25C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Low toxicity to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Miaze, sugar cane, rice, turf, pastures, noncrop,
aquatic weed control, apples (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Systemic hormone-type herbicide; Inhibits
cell differentiation (3)
V-58
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Fensulfothion TYPE: Nematicide, Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Dasanit, DHSP, Terracur-P
METHOD OF APPLICATION: aerial, cultivators, planters
FORMULATION: granular, technical chemical, emulsifiable concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): rainbow trout 7.5000ppm, bluegill
0.1070ppm
L050: rat 2-10.5mg/kg, California quail I.68-12mg/kg, mallard 2.86 ing/kg,
bobwhite 0.8-1.19mg/kg, s-t grouse 0.5-1.0 mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Degraded in soils under aerobic conditions with half-life of
3-28 days due to microbial degradation. Half-life rapid in silt clay loan
and organic soil (3-7 days) and fairly rapid in sandy loan, silt loan, and
loam soils (around 28 days). Degrades rapidly in water and silt of a
simulated pond with half-life of 10 and 12 days, respectively. *0ne of
most persistent organophosphates; residues beyond 900 days (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Has low potential to bioaccummulate in bluegill
Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: lOl.OOppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Canada geese, mourning .doves, rock doves,
and several species of duck were among unnumbered birds killed in a die-
off. Incident involved treatment of a golf course resulting in a death of
at least 25 Canada geese (4). Toxic to bees (3) Mynas, plovers, doves,
sparrows, robins black-backed gull, harrier hawk (11)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, sorghum, soybeans, sugar beets,
sugarcane, fruit, tobacco, vegetables, ornamentals, turf. (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: (4) Sulfone, oxygen analogs: at least as toxic as parent
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute dermal toxicity, acute inhalation toxicity (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Toxicity
to terrestrial and aquatic non-target organisms very high. Birds feeding
in treated areas may be killed. Drift and runoff from treated areas may
be hazardous to aquatic organisms in neighboring areas (1).
V-59
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Fenthlon TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
METHOD Of APPLICATION: Aerial and ground, dermal treatment to cattle
FORMULATION: (3) Emulslble concentrate, wettable powder, ULV liquid,
granules, dustable powder, fogging concentrate, pour-on
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Blueglll 0.75mg/1, Rainbow
0.76mg/l, Carp 2.5-3.3ng/l, goldfish 1.9mg/l, (12) catfish 1.68ppm
L050 (3) rats 290-375mg/kg (4) rabbits I50mg/kg
(4) Canada geese 12.0mg/kg, bobwhlte <4mg/kg, house finch 10.6mg/kg,
mourning dove 2.5-2.68mg/kg, r-w blackbird 1.8 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (4) low to moderate environmental persistence
BIOACCUMULATION: (4) Predicted bioaccumulation factor Indicates low
potential (<100)
SOLUBILITY: (3) 54-56mg/1 at 20C
MORTALITY Of NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Toxic to bees. (4) Magpie mortality
at feed lots 4-5 months after catle dip; 5,000-25,000 birds following
mosquito control; significant chollnesterase Inhibition In wading birds.
EPA REGISTERED USES: (8) Mosquito larvicide (15) Avian control agent,
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: (3) Sulphoxlde, sulphone (both have Insecticide
properties)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (6) Choiinesterase inhibitors
Am black ducksfed 21pp* had brain and salt gland AChE activities inhibited
(44-61* and 14-36%) (4)
V-60
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Fenvalerate TYPE: Insecticide, acarlclde
TRADE NAME: PydHn
METHOD OF APPLICATION: aerial or ground
FORMULATION: emulslftable concentrate, liquids, ULV concentrate (1) ;
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.42ppb blueglll,
1.4ppb pink shrimpU)
LD50: 9,932 mg/kg mallardd)
1000 mg/kg rat(l)
PERSISTENCE: half-life of 41 days In water expose to sunlight; in soil,
65 days-8 months under aerobic conditions. Relatively Immobile in soil.(l)
BIOACCUMULATION: 400x in rainbow trout after 30 day exposure; 40-60 percent
residual after 33 days, virtually all as parent compound. U)
SOLUBILITY:
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Fluchloralin TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Basal1n
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Preplant Incorporation
FORMULATION: Emulsiftable concentrate (9)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): "Toxic to fish" (9)
LD50 (Other): rat 1550 mg/kg, low order toxidty to wild fowl (9)
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: lOppn (5)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, soybeans, rice, vegetables, sunflowers (9)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Discontinued 1985 (9)
V-62
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Flucythrlnate TYPE: Insecticide
TRADE MAME: Cybolt, Pay-off, AC 222,705
METHOD Of APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Emulslfiable concentrate, ULV liquid, water-dispersible
granules
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Blueglll 0.71ppt
Channel catfish O.Slppt
Trout 0.32ppb
LD50: (3) rats 67-81mg/kg
mice 76mg/kg bobwhite 2708mg/kg
mallards >2510mg/kg
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) O.Smg/l at 21C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) toxic to bees, but has a repellent
effect L050 bees 0.078ppt/bee
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Cotton, fruit, vegetables, soybeans, cereals,
corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, tobacco, ornamentals
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Possible adverse effects on aquatic organisms (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Efficiency at high temperatures Is greater
than for several other pyrethroid insecticides
V-63
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Fonofos TYPE: Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Dyfonate
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Mostly ground application, aerial application to
hybrid seed corn (1)
FORMULATION: granules, emu!sifiable concentrate (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 50 ppb rainbow (3) 20 ppb (8)
24 ppb daphnia (8)
LD50: 3.16 - 18.5 mg/kg (rat) (1)
bobwhite 12-14mg/kg (4)
mallard 12 mg/kg, red-winged blackbird 10mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life 3-16 weeks in aerobic soils, moderately persistent,
immobile in sandy loam/silt loam soils, mobile in quartz sand (1)
BIOACCUMULATION: High potential for bioaccumulation (14a) Maximum
accumulation occured in three days and was 150x in edible tissue, 1050x in
non-edible tissue. Depuration was rapid in clean water, with only 20% of
the residues remaining after three days. (15)
SOLUBILITY: 13 mg/1 (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn (95X of use) (2), sorghum, soybeans,
strawberries, vegetables, sugarcane, tobacco, turf, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: phosphonothionate (3)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute dermal toxicity (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Mixed formulations w/Oisulfoton (3) highly
toxic to birds, freshwater and marine organisms (1)
V-64
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Fosa«1ne-ammonium TYPE: Contact herbicide
TRADE NAME: Krenlte, OPX 1108
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Soluble concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Blueglll 670mg/l, Rainbow and
fathead minnow >1000mg/l
L050: (3) rats 10,200mg/kg
mallard and quail >10,000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) In soil, half-life of 10 days
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 179g/100ml at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Noncrop, pastures, confier plantations
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Inhibits bud development
Controls woody plants, trees, birdweed, bracken
V-65
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Gas cartridges TYPE: Rodenticlde
METHOD OF APPLICATION: hand placement Into burrows
FORMULATION: cartridge
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.):
LD50: label - this product 1s highly toxic to wildlife
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY:
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (label) noncrop, rangeland, reforested areas, turf
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-66
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Glyphosate TYPE: Systemic herbicide
TRADE NAME: Kleenup, Roundup
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Soluble concentrate, water-soluble powder
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Trout 86mg/l
Blueglll 120mg/l
LD50: (3) rats 5600mg/kg
bobwhlte >3850mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (4) Half-life - water 7-10 weeks
- soil 3-19 weeks
(3) not metabolized In plants.
BIOACCUMULATION: (4) low predicted bloconcentration factor, confirmed by
animal feeding studies
SOLUBILITY: (3) 12g/l at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Fruits, (Including plantation crops), vegetables,
soybeans, cereals, cotton, noncrop, aquatic weeds, pasture, forests.
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Interferes with formation of ami no acids,
Controls great variety of annual, biennial and perennial grasses, sedges,
broad-leaved weeds and woody shrubs.
V-67
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Hexazlnone TYPE: Contract herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Soluble concentrate, water soluble powder, granules
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Rainbow 320-420mg/l
fathead minnow 274mg/l
blueglll 370-420mg/l
L050: (3) rats 1690mg/kg
bobwhlte 2258mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Soil half-life 1-6 months
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 33gAg at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
.EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Noncrop, conifer plantations, sugar cane,
pineapples (5) sugacane, alfalfa, forests.
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Inhibitors photosynthesis
Phytoxic to deciduous trees. Control of annual, biennial and most
perennial weeds and woody plants
V-68
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Isofenphos TYPE: Systemic Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Oftanol, Amaze
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar and soil
FORMULATION: granular, emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): goldfish 2.0mg/l (3)
rudd l.Omg/1
L050: rats 28.0-38.7mg/kg Jap quail 5.0-12.5nig/kg (3)
mice 91.3-127.Omg/kg
bobwhite 13-19mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE:
»
BIOACCUMULATION: Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 23.Sing/kg at 20 C.(3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, turf (esp. golf courses), noncrop (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-69
-------
CHEMICAL KANE: Llnuron TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Afolan, Lorox, Prefalon, Sard ex, Linex
METHOD OF APPLICATION: ground, aerial (5)
FORMULATION: Wettable powder, suspension concentrate, emu!sifiable
concentrate (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Blueglll/ rainbow 16mg/l
LD50 (Other): rats 1500-4000 mg/kg; dogs 400 mg/kg; rabbits 2250 mg/kg (3)
mallard duckling 3083 mg/kg; pheasant 3438 mg/kg;
Japanese quail >5000 mg/kg (3)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life under field conditions 2-5 months (3)
.BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: Stable 1n neutral media (3) 75ppm (5)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Vegetables, soybeans, cereal grains, maize, cotton,
sunflowers, sugar cane, rice, fruit ornamentals (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Demethylation, demethoxylation (3)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Systemic herbicide - inhibits photosynthesis
(3)
V-70
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Magnesium phosphide TYPE: Rodenticide, fumlgant
TRADE NAME: Magtoxln, Fum1-cel1, Fuml-strip
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Direct application to grain/feed
FORMULATION: (7) pellets, tablets, fumi-cel plate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): humans 190ppm in 1 hour
LD50: (Application manual) "product Is very highly toxic to wildlife
PERSISTENCE: (Application manual) high temperature/moisture - 2 days,
lower 4 days
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: Insoluble, reacts (Material safety data sheet)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Stored grain/feed, processed food/nonfood, beehives,
burrowing rodents
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Hydrogen phosphide (toxic gas) LD50 rats llppm 4 hours
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Inhalation hazard (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (Application manual) Magnesium phosphide is
considerably more reactive that aluminum phosphide, will liberate gas more
rapidly.
V-71
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Malathion TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Aerial, ground, hand pump
FORMULATION: Granular, powder(2), ULV (10)
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): Trout - 0.0041 ppm
cutthroat trout -0.28 ppm
Bluegill - 0.02 ppm (2)
Gammarus - O.OOOSppm (2)
LD50: 1000-1375mg/kg rats, pheasants I67mg/kg, mallard 1485mg/kg, horned
lark 403 mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Instable at high pH - 0.1 day; stable at low pH - 18 days
generally rapid breakdown in alkaline soils (15) "does not persist in
so1ls"(l5)
BIOACCUNULATION: (4) (14a) predicted biaccumulation factor is low
SOLUBILITY: 145 ppm
MORTALITY Of NON-TARGET SPECIES: Highly toxic to Insects, including bees
(3) (4) wildlife mortality not observed, but bird numbers reduced under
some conditions. Aerial application to forested watershed: Birds reacted
for 2 days without lasting effects, no effects on reptiles/amphibians, but
30X reduction in mouse/ chipmunk populations.
EPA REGISTERED USES: Mosquito control, corn, cotton, oats, barley,
soybeans, sorghum, wheat, rye, alfalfa, clover, fruit, herbs, vegetables,
nuts, sugarcane, safflower, sunflower, tobacco, ornamentals, turf, noncrop,
rice, domestic animals, forests, forage grasses, pasture/rangeland, ponds
and other wetlands (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: (4) Malzoxon - more toxic than parent, but is very
transient
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Saltmarsh studies (15) show little
accumulation in soils, plants after separate application. 5.2ppb in water
V-72
-------
CHEMICAL HAME: Mancozeb TYPE: Fungicide
TRADE NAME: Dithane M-45, Fore, Mancofol, Manzeb, Manzin, Nemispor,
Polycar, Z1»an-D1thane
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar by aerial (dust) or ground equipment, air
blast or boom.sprayers (wettable power/flowable concentrate) (») also used
to treat seedU)
FORMULATION: Dust, wettable powder, flowable concentrate, granules 80%
AlO)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.46ppm rainbow, 0.58 daphniaO)
1.86ppm rainbow (8)
LD50: English sparrow IBOOmg/kg/day^)
rat >8000mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life of 1-2 days*1)
BIOACCUMULATION: Almost totally excreted by 96.h.U)
Low potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: O.OOppV8); practically insoluble 1n water(3); moderately
soluble 1n water(15)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, corn, barley, wheat, sorghum, rye, oats,
fruit, tobacco, safflower, sugar beets, vegetables, forests [conifers],
turf, irrigation supply systems, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Ethylene thiourea (ETU)U) solubility - 2g/100ml U6)
ETU has potential antithyroidd, carcinogenic and teratigenic effects
(4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Hancozeb and ETU have potential to leachO)
Label restrictions: Toxic to fish, not for use on water or wetlands (exc.
taro, rice, cranberries)U) or where runoff is expected
V-73
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: MCPA-th1oethyl TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Aqueous solution, soluble concentrate, water-soluble
powder, emulsifiable concentrate (5) granules
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Rainbow 232mg/1
L050: (3) rats 700mg/kg
mice 550mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) residual activity 1n soil 3-4 months, similar in plants
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 825mg/l at room temperature
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Cereals, rice, vegetables, turf, noncrop,
forestry, grassland, aquatic weeds
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: ETU (ethylene thiourea) 1s one of the many metabolites,
No information, however, on wildlife toxicity (14b)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Control of annual and perennial broad-
leaved weeds (including thistles and dock)
V-74
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: MetMdathion TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
TRADE MANE: Supradde, Somonic, Somonil, UTtracide
NETHQO OF APPLICATION: ground and aerial
FORMULATION: 24.4 percent active ingredient emulsiflable concentrate, 95
percent technical, 50 & 60 percent formulating Intermediates (2).
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 9.0ppb for blueglll, 14.0ppb for
rainbow trout. Indicate highly toxicity to warm and coldwater fish (2).
Rainbow trout 0.0090ppm, blueglll O.OUOppm, small mouth bass 0.0078ppm,
daphnia 0.0072ppm (8).
L050: rat 44-65mg/kg, mouse 25-68 mg/kg; Canada goose 8.41mg/kg, mallard
23.6 mg/kg, pheasant 33mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Degrades rapidly in soil with half-life of 2-3 weeks. In
fumigated soils, 50 percent of initial insecticide remained after 16
weeks.(4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Bioconcentration potential reported as "low" (14a) and its
predicted BCF, calculated from water solubility, 1s small (4).
SOLUBILITY: 240ppm at 20 C (2)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Highly toxic to bees (2,3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, sorghum, forage and grain, citrus (67
percent), alfalfa (16 percent), nuts, tobacco (EPA)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: The oxygen metabolite, more acutely toxic than the
parent compound, but it is not the major metabolite (14b), and has not been
Identified in animals (4).
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Residue effects on avian species (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-75
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Methomyl TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
TRADE NAME: Griffen Nu-Ba1t II, Lannate, Nudrin
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar spray both ground and aerial applications.
FORMULATION: Water soluble liquid and powder. ULV
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 1.6ppm - Rainbow (8)
O.Sppm - Bluegill
0.032ppm - Daphnia
L050: Rats 17-24mg/kg» mule deer ll-22mg/kg (4)
Mallard 15.9mg/kg, r-w-b1ackb1rd lOmg/kg, pheasant 15mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: 1.8% of Initial amount applied to soil remained after
1 month.v4/ Biological activity (applied to soil) disappeared
after 16 weeks. Residues of foliar treatments may be depleted
within 8 days.*4)
BIOACCUNULATION: Predicted very low.(4) low (I4a)
SOLUBILITY: 58000ppm(8) (57.9gm/l at 25C (3))
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Published accounts of methomyl causing
adverse effect on wildlife are lacking.(2' Toxic to bees before chemical
dries (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Barley, forage grasses, corn, cotton, forestry, oats,
rye, sorghum, soybeans, wheat, alfalfa, clover, fruit, vegetables, sugar
beets, tobacco, pastures, forests, turf, ornamentals, domestic animals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Residue effect on mammalian species
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-76
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Methroprene TYPE: Insect growth
regulator
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Spray - aerial or ground
FORMULATION: Suspension concentrate, emu!sifiable concentrate, bHsquet'hic,
soluble concentrate, bait concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): blueglll 1.52ppm, trout 4.4mg/l(3)
Daphnla SOppb; amphib larvae l-10ppm
LD50: rats > 34,600mb/kg
rabbits 3500 mg/kg
mallard > 2000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: In soil, half-life of 10 days
BIOACCUMULATION: crayfish 66x
blueglll 550-950x in lab, 93-95percent excreted in 14 days
SOLUBILITY: 1.4mg/l
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Nontoxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: [Mosquito larvicide]: rice, pastures, ornamentals,
ponds and other wetlands, noncrop, livestock (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Moderately toxic to warmwater fish; moderately
to slightly toxic to amphibians larvae, to crabs, shrimp - highly toxic --
could pose risk to Houston toad (EPA)
V-77
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Methoxychlor TYPE: Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Marl ate, Hlgalmetox
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Wettable powder, emu!sifiable concentrate, dustable powder,
granules, aerosol (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow 0.052 rng/1 (3)
bluegill 0.067 mg/1
Oaphnla 0.00078 mg/1
LD50 (Other): mallards >2000 mg/kg (3)
rats 6000 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: Half-life In water 46 days (3)
BIOACCUMULATION: [organochlorlne] (3)
SOLUBILITY:
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Field crops, forage crops, fruit, vegetables,
forestry, Industrial and domestic insect pests (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Phenol, diphenol, 4,4"-dihydroxybenzophenone (3)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Insecticide with contact and stomach action
V-78
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Methyl parathion TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Aircraft and ground "equipment; usually follarO)
FORMULATION: Ousts, wettable powders, micro-encapsulated, emulslflable
concentrates and ready-to-use llquidl1) ULV (10)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout: l.SSppm
Granmarus:0038Ppm(8)
Blueglll 4.38ppm
L050: rat 9-25 mg/kg, mouse 32 mg/kg (4)
Am kestrel 3mg/kg, mallard 6.6-60.5mg/kg, r-w blackbird 10-23.7mg/kg,
pheasant 8.21 mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Relatively low environmental pers1stence(4)
-still detectable after 30 days(4)
-persistence longer In lakewater than soil water(4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Moderate potential for bloaccumulatlon (14a)
-predicted bloconcentratlon factor less than 100U)
SOLUBILITY: 55-60mg/l at 25C(3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Especially to bees In encapsulated form(4)
1200 geese following treatment with ethly and methyl parathion (4)
Brain ChE depressed 9-68% 1n bobwhlte, 7-32X 1n cottontails (4)
Reported toxic to fish, shrimp, crabs and other aquatic arthropods (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, wheat, tobacco* forests, mosquito
control, noncrop, forage grasses, alfalfa, clover, fruit, nuts, vegetables,
pasture/range!and, oats, barley, rye, sorghum, ornamentals, rice, soybeans,
safflowers, sunflowers, sugar beets, aquatic food crops, (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Methyl paraoxon, a potent acecholinesterase Inhibitor
(4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Based on residue effects on mammalian and avlan species;
hazard to bees; acute dermal toxldtyl")
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: -not believe to contaminate groundwater(l)
-the most widely used organophosphate pesticide in the U.S.w)
-the most widely used agricultural chemical in terms of areas treated(4)
Generally less hazardous than ethyl parathion (4)
V-79
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Metolachlor TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Dual, Humextra, Pennant, CGA 24705
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Emulslflable concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow 2 mg/1 (3)
carp 4.9 mg/1
bluegill 15 mg/1
LD50 (Other): rats 2780 mg/kg (3)
bobMhite/mallards >10,000 mg/kg (3)
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 530 mg/1 at 20C (3)
MAOTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Non-toxic to bees (3)
EPA REG-ISTEREO USES: Maize, sorghum, cotton, sugar beets, sugar cane,
potatoes, soybeans, safflowers, sunflowers, vegetables, ornamentals (3)
noncrop (5)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Selective herbicide - Inhibits gernimation
of annual grasses and some broad-leaved weeds.(3)
V-80
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Mevlnphos TYPE: Systemic Insecticide,
acaridde
TRADE NAME: Phosdrin, Ouraohos, Gesfid, Henite, Phosfene
METHOD OF APPLICATION: aerial or ground application (2)
FORMULATION: Technical chemical, dust, emulslflable concentrate, wayer
soluble concentrate, RTU-L (2), aerosol (4)
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout*0.01lOpmm, bluegill-
0.0220ppm, bass-0.1150ppm, daphnia-O.OOOZppm, gammarus 0.0028ppmm (8).
LD50: rats 3.7-6.1mg/kg, mice 7-18 mg/kg(4)
mallard 4.63mg/kg, pheasant 1.37mg/kg> s-t grouse 0.75-l,5mg/kg,
starling 4.63mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life in soils generally less than 24 hours (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: High water solubility suggests low predicted
bioconcentration potential and does not accumulate in tissues (4)
SOLUBILITY: 101.00ppm(8), highly soluble in water and in most organic
solvents (4)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: 54 incidences of wildlife deaths resulting
from mevinphos use in Scotland from 1973 to 1979. All incidences attributed
to misuse (4). Toxic to bees (3) Blackbirds, starlings - CA (*!0
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, alfalfa, clover,
vegetables, fruit, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute dermal toxicity, residue effects on mammalian and
avian species (7).
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Cholinesterase inhibitor (3) Extremely toxic
to birds and mammals through both acute oral and dermal exposure. One of
most acutely toxic organophosphates marketed, but no evidence of
teratogenic, carcinogenic, reproductive or delayed neurotoxic affects
associated with exposure (4)
V-81
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Naled TYPE: Insecticide, acaracide
TRADE NAME: Dlbrom, Bromchlophos, Bromex, Hllbrom
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Fog/mist sprayers aerial (10)
FORMULATION: emulslflable concentrate, dustable powder, ULV liquid (3)
LC50 (Fish ind/or Aquatic Invert.): 160-900 ppb-flsh(l)
.3ppb-1nvertebrates
.175ppm-trout(8)
LD50: 222-389ppm-rats(l) mallard 52.2mg/kg(4)
160ppm-mice pheasant 120mg/kg(4)
37-65ppm-avian(l) S-tailed grouse 64.9/gm/kg(4)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life <8hrs-so1l
<25hrs-water
BIOACCUMULATION: High based on low solubility
Low potential for bloaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: Practically Insoluble 1n water (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Alfalfa, vegetables, cotton, soybeans, rice, tobacco,
safflower, sugar beets, forests, fruit, nuts, turf, pastures/rangeland,
soybeans, rice, ornamentals, domestic animals, ponds and other wetlands,
noncrop (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Degradation product, OOVP [dichlorvos], is more acutely
toxic than 1s Naled (mallard L050 -.7.78 mg/kg). Additionally, DOVP is
highly toxic to fish (lake trout LC50 - 183ppb; bluegill, 869ppb)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
Toxic to fish and aquatic inverts(l)
V-82
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: NUrapyHn TYPE: BacteHostat
(nitrogen stabilizer)
METHOD OF APPLICATION: broadcast or band with soil Incorporation
FORMULATION: emulsiflable concentrate, soluble concentrate (90 percent)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 5.8mg/l Daphnla (EPA)
7.876mg/l blueglll
9/19»g/l rainbow trout
L050: >2708mg/kg mallard (EPA)
>7829mg/kg Jap. quail
PERSISTENCE: Preliminary data Indicates rapid hydrolysis, the rate
Increasing with temperature. In soil: half-life of <3 to 35 days, depending
on soil type (EPA)
BIOACCUMULATION: In bluegill: maximum bioconcentratlon factors are edible
(33x) and visceral (60x) tissues. (EPA)
SOLUBILITY: 0.004g/100g water (EPA)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton (90 percent), corn, sorghum, wheat, rice,
strawberries (CA only), bulbs (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: EPA: EEC of O.lppm in water (due to runoff)
- minimal expected to aquatic organisms. However, use in rice, in
floodwater could reach 0.4ppm. This level may Impact fat pocketbook pearly
mussel, which is a bottom dweller and would be exposed in both water and
sediments.
V-83
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Oxamyl TYPE: systemic Insecticide,
acaraclde, nematicide
TRADE NAME: Vydate
METHOD OF APPLICATIOM: Foliar, soil, broadcast, Irrigation water drip,
aerial and ground appl1cation(l/
FORMULATION: Soluble concentrate, granular(l)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 4.26ppm ralnbow(S)
5.7ppm daphnlau)
LD50: rats 5.4-37mg/kg (4)
mallard 2.6mg/kg, bobwhite 9.4mg/kg, Jap. quail 4.3mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: Rapidly degraded In soil(3) 6-15 days (4)
BIOACCUNULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 280 g/1 at 25C (3), 10ppm(8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, soybeans, sorghum, ornamentals, fruit,
spices, vegetables, tobacco (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: OxImeU)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: acute oral, Inhalation toxicity; avlan oral toxicity (4)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Oxamyl and oxime have been shown to leach
easily to grpundwater.U)
Subacute toxicity Is moderate to high for birds; reported toxic to bees,
fish and wildlife (4)
V-84
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Oxydeaeton-methyl TYPE: Insecticide, icarlclde
TRADE NAME: Netasystox-R, Demeton-S-methyl sulfoxld, Metasystemox,
Metllmercapto fosoksld
METHOD OF APPLICATION: broadcast spray, Injection, ground boom and aerial
FORMULATION: emulslflable concentrate, soluble concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Moderately toxic to Isopods (HOOppb),
mod high aaphipods (190-lOOOppb), moderate to high coldwater fish (rainbow:
0.72-6.4ppm); slight to moderate warmwater fish (1.22to 31.5ppm); 8.6ppm
fiddler crab, moderate to estuarine crustaceans (i.Zppm pink shrimp) (EPA)
LD50: rats 47-125mg/kg, mice 30mg/kg (4)
Cal quail 47.6mg/kg, house sparrow 70.8mg/kg, mallard 53.9mg/kg,
rock dove 14-14.9mg/kg (4)
PERSISTENCE: (4) Half-life - residues on leaves 7 days
- soil 6 days
BIOACCUMULATION: (4) (14a) Available data suggest low potential to
bioaccumulate
SOLUBILITY: Miscible in water at 20 C. (EPA)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: moderate to high toxicity to bees on direct
exposure (EPA)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Vegetables, fruit, nuts, corn, sorghum, cotton,
alfalfa, clover, sugar beets, ornamentals, forests [douglas-fir], turf (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: dimethyl phosphide, 2-sulfon1c dlethyl sulfoxlde, 2-
sulfonic dlethyl sulfone and oxydemeton-methyl suflone: cholinesterase-
inhibiting Metabolites
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Potential for reproductive effects in humans(7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: EPA: A comparison of the acute toxicity
values with estimated pesticide residues on food Items indicate that birds
will not be exposed to lethal concentrations...at highest rate currently
registered. In 1984, 2/3rds of use on crops in California.
V-85
-------
CHEMICAL MANE: Oxyfluorfen TYPE: Contact herbicide (Dicots)
TRADE NAME: Goal
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Aerial
Granular applications
FORMULATION: Emulslflable concentrate (9)
Granular
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow trout - 0.4 ppm
Daphnia - 1.5 ppm
Bluegill - 0.20 ppm(8)
Catfish - 0.40 (8)
LD50: Rat: >5000 mg/kg (3)
Toxic to game birds, but not waterfowl
Rabbit >10,000 mg/kg (9)
Very low avlan toxlclty (15)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life 1n soil 30-56 days (3)
Photodecomposltlon In water 1s rapid (3)
Not readily oxidized in plants (3)
BIOACCIMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 0.1 mg/1 (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, soybeans, forests, rice, fruit, nuts,
vegetables, alfalfa, clover, summer fallow land (ID, OR, HA only), noncrop,
ornamentals, rivers [levees, banks] (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Region 4 Jeopardy Opinion
V-86
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Paraquat dichloride TYPE: Herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Spray (widely used in no-till programs ) (5)
*
FORMULATION: (3) Aqueous liquid, soluble concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) rainbow trout 32mg/l
(12) toad tadpoles 43-54ppm
daphnia 3.7ppp, gammarus ISppm
L050: (3) rats 150mg/kg sheep 50-75mg/kg
nice 104mg/kg hens 262-380mg/kg
cats 40-50mg/kg mallards 200mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Rapidly and completely inactivated on contact with soil
(12) in ponds, 2.1-2.5ppm for 6-23 days; no buildup in hydrosoil
BIOACCUMULATION: (3) rats (oral) 76-90 percent excreted in feces, 11-20
percent in urine; (12) bluegills - accumulated after exposure to sublethal
concentrations
SOLUBILITY: (3) 700gm/l at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: (8) Crops, (sorghum), rangeland
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Human toxicological data, other hazards - use and accident
history (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-87
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Pendimethalin TYPE: Herbicide
(for broad!eaf and grassy weeds)
TRADE ANNE: Prowl
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Preplan! incorporation, spray aerial (10)
FORMULATION: granular, dlspersible granular, emulslfiable concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): blueglll 0.119ppm ("highly toxic")
rainbow 0.138ppm ("highly toxic")
daphnia 0.28ppra ("highly toxic")
L050: bobwhite >3,149ppm
mallard >4,640ppm
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: O.Sppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: 4 human incidents
EPA REGISTERED USES: *soybeans (45 percent), cotton (33 percent)', sorghum,
rice, tobacco, sunflower, ornamentals, turf, fruit, nuts, vegetables,
noncrop (10) *not registered in CA (2,)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: EPA strongly absorbed in soil organic matter
and clay, and does not leach through the soil. EPA Identifies slackwater
and "certain freshwater mussels" at risk from use on cotton. Also,
moderately to highly toxic to estuarine organisms.
Label warning: "This product is highly toxic to fish".
V-88
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Pemethrin TYPE: Insecticide
TRADE NAME: Ambush
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: emuIslfiable concentrate, wettable powder, ULV liquid,
fumlgant, aerosol, dustable powder, water-dispensable granules (3)
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): brook trout 1.4-7.9 (3)
rainbow trout 5.4
blueglll 1.8
LD50: chickens >3000mg/kg (3)
Jap.quail >13,500mg/kg
rats, mice, rabbits, ca 4000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: In soil and water degradation Is rapid (3)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 0.2mg/l (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES; Fruit, vegetables, corn, cotton, cereal, grains (EPA)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Possible adverse effects on aquatic organisms (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-89
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Phorate TYPE: Systemic insecticide, acaracide
TRADE NAME: Thimet, Timet, Rampart, Granutox, Vegfru Foratox
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Granular application equipment, aircraft
FORMULATION: Granules, emu!sifiable concentrate (1)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Trout - .0013ppm (8)
Bluegill - .OOZOppm (8)
Daphnla .0380 ppm (8)
Gammarus - 0.0040ppm (8)
Shrimp - .0019ppm (8)
LD50: Rat: 1.4 to 3.7 mg/kg (1)
Mallard: 0.62-2.55mg/kg, bobwhlte 7-21mg/kg r-w blackbird Img/kg,
pheasant 7.12mg/kg; bullfrog 85.2mg/kg(4)
PERSISTENCE: (4) 16 weeks in silt loam; insectical activity 4-12 weeks;
14-21 days in corn/grass. More persistent under flooded conditions
BIOACCUMULATION: (4) (Ma) Predicted bioaccumulatlon factor low
SOLUBILITY: 50 ppm (1)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (3) Gull, waterfowl,
raptor kills (4) A recent kill of about 60 snow geese and 13 eagles feeding
on snow geese. (15)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, corn, sorghum, soybeans, wheat, barley, rice,
sugar beets, sugarcane, alfalfa, fruit, nuts, vegetables, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Phorate sulfone, Phorate o-analog sulfoxide (1)
"Certain oxidation products are more toxic than phorate itself." (1)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute dermal toxicity
Residue effects on avian and mammalian species (Foliar application only)
(7)
Potent Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor (parent and oxidates) (4)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Very highly toxic to birds, fish, inverts. (1)
Re: Endangered Species, there is a potential risk to the Aleutian Canada
goose, Attwater's greater prairie chicken, and the Kern primrose sphinx
moth. - Phytotoxic to apples and tobacco.
V-90
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Phosnet TYPE: Insecticide, acaracide
TRADE HAME: Appa, Imldan, Kernel ate, Phthalophos, PMC, Prolate
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar, aerial, animal treatments, stored commodity
and Impregnated material.(1)
FORMULATION: Dust, wettable powder, Impregnated resins, emu!sifiable
concentrated!)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.23ppm Rainbow trout
0.12ppm Bluegill U)
5.6ppb Daphnla
L050: rats 113-160mg/kg (4)
mallard 1830mg/kg, red-winged blackbird 18mg/kg, pheasant 237-
>250mg/kg(4)
PERSISTENCE: (3) In plants, rapidly broken down in animals, rapid
metabolism (4) half-life in soil 3-19 days
BIOACCUMJLATION: 78 percent eliminated from urine within 72 hours 1n rats
(1) (4) (14a) low predicted bioaccumuluatlon potential
SOLUBILITY: 25mg/l at 25C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Reports of mortality to dogs and cats from
the use of phosmet as a flea dip (Paramite).v1' Highly toxic to-bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, cotton, alfalfa, fruit, nuts, vegetables, forest
[pine], ornamentals, noncrop, domestic animals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: phthalamlc acid, phtalic acid (3) imidoxon (4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Phosmet has been classified as 'tentative'
category 2 carcinogen.
V-91
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Phosphamidon TYPE: Systemic Insecticide, acaracide
TRADE NAME: Oimecron, Dixon, Famfos
METHOD Of APPLICATION: Ground, aerial
FORMULATION: Emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 7.8ppm-trout(8)
3.4ppm-sunfish(8)
O.Olppm-Oaphnia, Gammarus
LD50: rats ll-30mg/kg, mice 9-11.2mg/kg, dog 50mg/kg, mule deer 44-88mg/kg
mallard 3.05-3.81mg/kg, pheasant 4.24mg/kg, white-winged dove
2.34-2.93mg/kg, s-t grouse 1.5-3mg/kg (4)
[rapidly absorbed thru skin - mod. to high dermal toxicity]
PERSISTENCE: hydrolyzes(l); short-lived in soils(l)
Half-life in seawater 2 weeks, soil - less than one month (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: (4) High solubility in water suggests low potential to
bioaccummulate (14a) low
SOLUBILITY: lOlppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees, other inserts(l); toxic
to mammals -- (4) Grouse, other bird kills reported, at llb/ac bird
activity in sprayed areas dropped to 25% of prespray level. Jack pine
(0.251b/ac) had apparant reduction of birds, esp. warblers. Saw?, rate may
be hazardous to birds, esp. with fine atomization of spray. Other: 0.91b/ac
resulted in large numbers of dead birds, esp. insectivorous passerines.
EPA REGISTERED USES: fruit, nuts, vegetables, cotton (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: metabolites of comparable toxicity to parent, but
rapidly degrade (4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Acute dermal toxicity--Residue effects on mammaliar and
avian species (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
Highly toxic to aquatic insects(l)
V-92
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Plcloram TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD Of APPLICATION: Ground and aerial (5)
FORMULATION: (3) Soluble concentrate, pellets, granules, aqueous solution
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Rainbow 19.3mg/l
(12) Fathead Minnow 65ppm
Catfish 16.4-70.5ppm (depends on formulation)
LD50: (3) rats 8200mg/kg Chicks 6000mg/kg
rabbits 2000mg/kg
mice 2000-4000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Degraded rapidly 1n soil or clear water. Residual
activity 7-14 months
(12) 1n soil 20 percent persisted up to 1 year
BIOACCUMULATION: (3) Rapidly excreted in mammals
SOLUBILITY: (3) 430mg/l at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Rangeland, noncrop, forests
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Hazard to nontarget organisms (nontarget plants, crops)
(7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Control most annual and perennial broad-
leaved weeds (except crucifers) including woody weeds, bracken, ferns, docks
V-93
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Profenofos TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
TRADE NAME: Curacron, Polycron, Prothiofos, Selecron
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar (air or ground)
«
FORMULATION: emulsifiable concentrate
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) rainbow 0.08 mg/1
bluegill 0.03 mg/1
carp 0.09 mg/1
LD50: (3) Toxic to birds
rats 358 mg/kg
rabbits 700 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION: (4) Predicted bioaccumulation factor is moderately high
indicating the possibility for some bioconcentration. (14a) moderate
SOLUBILITY: (3) 20 mg/1 at 20oC
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Corrosive to eyes
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-94
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Profluralln TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: To!ban, Pregard, CGA 10832
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Emu!sifiable concentrate (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Blueglll 0.023 mg/1 (3)
trout 0.015 mg/1
LD50 (Other): rats 10.000 mg/kg (3)
bobwhlte/mallards 1000 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: Degraded by soil micoorganlsms. No significant leaching
through the soil (3)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 0.1 mg/1 at 20C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to honey bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton, soybeans, vegetables (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Selective herbicide - may Interfere with
photosynthesis and respiration (3)
V-95
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Propachlor TYPE: Herbicide (dicots)
TRADE NAME: Ramrod, Bexton, CP31393
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Broadcast spray, banded ground application^1)
One application per year aerial (10)
FORMULATION: Granular, wet table powder, flowable liquid^)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Daphnla: 7.75ppn»(8) Trout: 0.17ppm(8)
Chironomus: 6.9ppml8) Blueglll 2.5ppm
channel catfish 0.23ppm(8)
LD50: Rats: 710mg/kg(}$)
Rats: 1800mg/kg(3)
Bobwhite 91mg/kg(3)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life of 4 to 6 weeks; longer 1n soil high 1n organic
matter.
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 613ppm(8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:No Incidents reported*1).
Not toxic to .bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, sorghum, cotton, barley, oats, rye, wheat,
millet, sugarcane, tobacco, vegetables* nuts, fruit, pasture/ rangeland,
forest, turf, noncrop, fallow land (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: "Exposure of human to propachlor through
contamination of groundwater and runoff contamination of surface water after
heavy spring precipitation Is probable.""/
-FWS Indicates jeopardy for use on corn, sorghum, soybeans to: Slackwater
darter, 11 freshwater mussels, woundfin, solano grass.
V-96
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Proparglte TYPE: Acarldde
TRADE NAME: Omite
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Spray aerial (10)
FORMULATION: wettable powder, concentrated liquid
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.12ppm-trout; O.lppm-sunfish(3)
.092ppm-daphnia(l)
LD50: 2200ppm-rats
>4640ppm-mal1ards(1)
3401ppm-quail(l)
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: O.Sppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not dangerous to bees; highly toxic to
freshwater fish
EPA REGISTERED USES: Fruit, nuts, vegetables, corn, cotton, sorghum,
soybeans, alfalfa, clover, ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
Toxic to fish
V-97
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Propazlne TYPE: Herbicide (grasses/broad!eaf weeds)
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Broadcast (ground or aerial), band
FORMULATION: technical chemical, wettable powder, flowable concentrate
soluble concentrate/liquid
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) rainbow 17.5 mg/1
blueglll >100 mg/1
goldfish >32.0 mg/1
LD50: (3) rats >3100
rabbits >19200 mg/kg
bobwhite and mallard >10,000 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (EPA) In soils 200-400 days/6-10 months in NC
(3) In mammals (oral) 42-46% eliminated In 24 hrs
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (EPA) 8.6 ppm at 20oC
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (EPA) Sorghum (about 100%), corn, cotton, soybeans,
vegetables, safflower, fruits, nuts, ornamentals, noncrop (not used In
U.S.) (2, 20)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: (3) Hydroxypropazine
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY: *
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-98
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: PyrethHn TYPE: Insecticide, acarldde
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Ground equipment " aerial (10)
FORMULATION: Oustable powder, emu!s1f1able concentrate, aerosol, fogging
concentrate, wettable powder, ULV liquid.
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.024ppm Ra1nbow(8)
0.05 ppm Blueglll
Highly toxic to f1sh(3) 0.0025 ppm Oaphnla
LD50: Rat 1500 ppm (4)
Mice 273-796 ppm (3)
PERSISTENCE: Rapidly broken down by sunlight. (5)
BIOACCUMULATION: Rapidly degraded 1n mammal stomachs by hydrolysis of the
ester bond to harmless metabolites. (3)
SOLUBILITY: 1.0 ppm (8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees, but exhibits repellent
effect (3) .
EPA REGISTERED USES: Forests, corn, cotton, sorghum, wheat, millet,
buckwheat, barley, oats, rye, rice, sugarcane, sugar beets, safflower,
sunflowers, herbs, vegetables, mosqultos [larvlclde], fruit, nuts, tobacco,
forage grasses, pasture, alfalfa, clover, domestic animals, ornamentals,
turf, ponds and other wetlands, noncrop, fallow land (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-99
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Rotenone TYPE: Insecticide, acaricide
TRADE NAME: Rotadde, Noxfire, Noxfish, Chem-fish, Cuberol, Sicid
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Dustable powder, emu!sifiable powder, wettable powder (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): "Very toxic to fish" (3)
LD50 (Other): rats 132-1500 mg/kg, mice 350 mg/kg (3)
PERSISTENCE: Decomposes on exposure to light and air (3)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 15 mg/1 at 100C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Fruit, vegetables, mosquito larvae, fish control,
domestic pet pests (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: animals: methoxyl group (3)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Non-systemic insecticide - contact and stomach
action (3)
V-100
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Slmazlne TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Granules, suspension concentrate, wettable powder, water-
dlsperslble granules
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Blueglll 90mg/l, Rainbow >100mg/1
gupples 49mg/1
LD50: (3) rats, mice, rabbits >5000mg/kg
bobwhite 8800mg/kg mallard 51,200mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Downward movement or leaching limited by low solubility.
Several months after application, most found 1n surface 2 inches of soil
BIOACCUNULATION: Mammals, 65-97 percent eliminated in 24 hours
SOLUBILITY: (3) 3.5mg/l at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Not toxic to bees
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Fruit, nuts, vegetables, corn, turf, ornamentals,
forestry, noncrop, aquatic weeds
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Inhibitors photosynthesis - Controls
most germinating annual grasses and broad-leaved weeds, algae
V-101
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Sodlun cyanide TYPE: Fumlgant
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Placed by hand
FORMULATION: (7) Briquette, H-44 cyanide capsule
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.):
LD50: (6) rats 15mg/kg
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (6) Freely soluble in water
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (Label) rangeland, forests
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Hunan Inhalation hazard
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (Label) toxic to wildlife
V-102
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: SSS-tributyl phosphorothithioate TYPE: Herbicide (defoliant)
TRADE NAME: DEF, Butifos, De-Gren, E-Z-off D, Fos-Fall "A"
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Foliar, spray or broadcast on ground or aerial
FORMULATION: emulsifiable concentrate (3) ULV (10)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): blueglll 1.0 mg/1 (3)
rainbow <5.0 mg/1
LD50: "not a significant hazard to birds" (3) mallard 2,934mg/kg (4)
rats 200-233 mg/kg pheasant 273mg/kg(4)
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION: (4) Because of insolubility, bioconcentration potential
is probably high
SOLUBILITY: practically insoluble in water 2.3 mg/1 (3)
MORTALITY Of NON-TARGET SPECIES: relatively non-toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Cotton (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: merphos (defoliant) (4)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
"leaching and runoff studies show that the possibility of contaminating
lakes and streams 1s extremely slight" (3)
V-103
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Strychnine TYPE: Rodentlcide
TRADE NAME:
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Bait, bait concentrate (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.):
LD50 (Other): Lethal dose: rats 1-30 mg/kg; man 30-60 mg/kg (3)
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 143 mg/1 (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: Rodents, sparrows, pigeons (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-104
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Sulprofos TYPE: Insecticide, acarlclde
TRADE NAME: Bolster, Bay NTN 9306, Helothlon, Herpafos
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: emulsiflable concentrate, ULV liquid
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (EPA) Daphnia 0.75ppm
Channel catfish 2.9ppm
BluegW l.OOppm
Rainbow trout 29.7ppm
LD50: (EPA) bobwhite .47 mg/kg "highly toxic to upland game birds"
mallard 72.1 mg/kg
(4) rats 107-304 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (EPA) 25C and pH7 half-life of 6 months
25C and pHll half-life of 6 days
In simulated pond study, half degraded 1n 2 hrs, completely In 4 days
In soil: 12-32 days
BIOACCUHULATION: (EPA) Study with channel catfish found most accumulation
on scales or 1n vicera. Half of 28 day accumulation was eliminated In 5 hrs
Moderate potential for bioaccumulation (14a)
SOLUBILITY: (EPA) Low: 0.3 ppm at 20C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Toxic to bees (direct or residues)
EPA REGISTERED USES: (EPA) Cotton, soybeans, chrysanthemums
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: (EPA) phenol sulfoxide, sulprofos sulfoxide, phenol
sulfone -one of which 1s a cholinesterase Inhibitor
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: wildlife hazard (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-105
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: 2,4,5-T TYPE: Herbicide
TRADE NAME: Weedone, Esteron, Brushwood Killer, Universal Crop
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: Emulslflable concentrate, soluble concentrate (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow 350 mg/1; carp 355 mg/1 (3)
LD50 (Other): rats 500 mg/kg; dogs 100 mg/kg (3)
Dietary: bobwhlte 2776 mg/kg diet
PERSISTENCE: Soil: More slowly than 2,4-D. (3)
BIOACCUMULATION: Mammals: 50% eliminated inurine in 23 hours. There Is no
accumulation (3)
SOLUBILITY: 278 mg/1 at 20C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Woody plant control in grasslands and non-crop.
Control of tree shoots and underbrush In forestry. Rice. (3)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Systemic herbicide with hormone action -
similar to 2,4-D (3) Humans: "Avoid long-term exposure, even in small
amounts" (3)
V-106
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Tebuthluron TYPE: Systemic herbicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Wettable powder, granules, pellets
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) Rainbow 144mg/l
Blueglll 112/mg/l
LD50: (3) rats 644mg/kg
mice 579mg/kg
chickens, bobwhlte, mallards >5000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (3) Half-life In soil of low moisture content considerably
greater than high organic soils
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) 2.3g/l at 25C
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES:
EPA REGISTERED USES: (3) Noncrop, pasture/grassland, sugar cane
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: (3) Inhibitors photosysthesls -- Total control
of herbaceous and woody plants
V-107
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Temephos TYPE: Insecticide (larvicide)
TRADE NAME: Abate, Abathlon, Oifenthos, Ecopfo, N1m1tox, Swebate
METHOD OF APPLICATION:
FORMULATION: (3) Emulslflable concentrate, wettable powder, granules,
dustable powder, pour-on
LC50 (F1sh and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) rainbow trout 31.8mg/1
(4) toxic to certain aquatic
Invertebrates, shrimp and crabs
LD50: (4) rats 8600-13,000mg/kg, mice 4000mg/kg
(4) mallards 80-100mg/kg, r-w blackbird 42.2mg/kg, rock dove
50.1mg/l, Cal quail 18.9mg/kg, bullfrog >2000mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: (4) Low persistence under most conditions
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: (3) practically Insoluble in water
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: (3) Highly toxic to bees by direct contact
EPA REGISTERED USES: (8) Mosquito larvicide (8) Blackfly larvicide
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-108
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: Terbufos TYPE: Insecticide, nematicide
TRADE NAME: Counter
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Soil Incorporation (band, furrow)
aerial (10)
FORMULATION: Granular
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.77-3.8ppb-sunf1sh(l)
0.3lppb-Daphn1a(l)
.0091ppm-trout(8)
.0038ppm-sunf1sh(8)
.0062ppm-Daphn1a(8)
LD50: 1.3-1.5ppm-rats(l) highly toxic
lppm(dermal)-rats(l)
143ppm-avian(l)
bobwhite 15-26mg/kg(4)
PERSISTENCE: (4) Half-life in sandy loam soil 2 weeks
BIOACCUMULATION: No accumulation (3) Relatively low (4) Low (14a)
SOLUBILITY: 4.5mg/l at 27C (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Highly toxic to humans, fish and wildlife
(1) Not toxic to bees (3) Banded application: dove, snakes, box turtle;
passerines affected/ not killed. Aerial application: species passerines,
4 species rodents, raccoon, shrew, cotontail, garter snake, several fish
(11)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Corn, sugar beets, sorghum (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
Major data gaps; data due to EPA 1986. 2 fish kills reported(l). Runoff
from treated fields.(l)
V-109
-------
CHEMICAL MANE: Terbutryn TYPE: Herbicide (grasses/broad!eaf weeds)
METHOD OF APPLICATION: foliar or soil Incorporation broadcast by ground
or aerial equipment
FORMULATION: technical chemical, wettable powder, dry flowable end-use '
product
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (EPA) rainbow 2.4ppm
Oaphnla 2.66ppm
carp 4.7ppm "
blueglll Z.7-4.8ppm
LD50: mallard >640 mg/kg
pheasant >2.000 mg/kg
PERSISTENCE: Applied at recommended rates to ponds, disappeared from water
column In 14 days, but may persist In bottom sediments up to 12 months
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 58 ppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: relatively nontoxic to honeybees(3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Barley, sorghum, wheat, noncrop (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: wore mobll, Teachable and persistent than parent
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: Oncogenlc risk to applicators -- Dermal exposure risk (7)
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-110
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Thiodicarb TYPE: Herbicide (grass/broad!eaf weeds)
TRADE NAME: Bolero, BentMocarb, Saturn, Saturno
METHOD OF APPLICATION: ground, air
FORMULATION: emuls1f1able concentrate, granules (3)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 2.55 ppm-trout(l)
1.21 ppm-sunfish(l)(8)
52.6 ppm-0aphn1a
LD50: 2023 ppm-quail
66 ppm-rats(3)
PERSISTENCE: Half-life 1n soil 2-3 weeks (aerobic), 6-8 weeks (anaerobic)
(3)
BIOACCUMULATION: Predicted bioconcentration potential relatively low,
confirmed by studies of aquatic organisms (4)
SOLUBILITY.: 35 ppm
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: low tox1city to birds, mammals
EPA REGISTERED USES; Corn, soybeans (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Methomyl: L050 15.9ppm-mallard(3)
Rapidly depards 1n soil 3-5 days LC50-3.4 ppm trout; 0.9 ppm-sunfish(3)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: breakdown at pH>6; sunlight creases breakdown
collnesterase inhibitors - Rapid degradation in soil
V-lll
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Thiophanate-methyl TYPE: Systemc fungicide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Aerial, broadcast, ground equipment(1)
FORMULATION: Dusts, granular, wettable powder, liquid(l)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): Rainbow: 8.3ppra(8) Oaphnia: 24 ppm(8)
Bluegill: 5.8(8) Shrimp: 35ppm(8)
Bluegill: 15.8ppm(l) Catfish: 0.03ppm(l)
LD50: Rat: 7500 mg/kg(3)
Rabbit: 2270 mg/kg(3)
Jap. quail >5000mg/kg (4)
Virtually nontoxic to avian species; low to moderate toxicity to freshwater
fish, except catfish(l).
PERSISTENCE: Data on its environmental fate and toxicity of its
metabolites are 1acking(4)
BIOACCUMULATION:
SOLUBILITY: 0 (8), 3.5 mg/kg(3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Nuts, fruit, vegetables, soybeans, sugar beets,
sugarcane, corn, cotton, sorghum, wheat, barley, rice, forests, turf,
ornamentals (10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: MBC (methyl-2 benzimidazole carbamate)
carbendazin - Fungicidally active agent
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
"A review by the Agency indicates that two endangered catfish species
inhabit areas where soybeans are grown and which may be treated with
th1ophanate-methyl."(l) -moderately mobile in Lakeland sand and Sultan
silt/loan columns. Label: "This pesticide is toxic to catfish. Do not
apply directly to water or wetlands). "Drift and runoff from treated areas
may be hazardous to catfish in adjacent areas."
V-112
-------
CHEMICAL MAKE: THchlorfon TYPE: Insecticide
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Aerial and ground
FORMULATION: Technical chemical, dust, granules, pellets/tablets, wettable
powder, emulslflable concentrate, soluble concentrate, liquid. (2)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 1.6pp« Rainbow O.OOOlppm Daphn1a(8)
2.1 ppii Bluegill 0.040ppm Gammarus
L050: Rat - 150-400ppm(9) Cal quail- 59.3mg/kg(4)
Rabbit - >2100ppm(9)
Mallard - 36.8ppm, bobwhite 22.4 mg/kg, r-w blackbird 37-75mg/kg(4)
PERSISTENCE: Trlchlorfon persists 1n the soil for up to 2 weeks. (3)
Because of Its hydropMHc properties, it 1s readily metabolized and
excreted by animals, and Its environmental persistence and biconcentration
potential are low. (4)
BIOACCUMULATION: Degraded rapidly in the blood. (3) Excretion in urine 1s
more or less complete within 6 hours (3). Has an extremely low
bioconcentration factor (4) low (14a)
SOLUBILITY: I5.40ppm(8)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Humans, cattle, fish kills, poultry
Toxic to bees (4)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Vegetables, fruit, barley, oats, wheat, ornamentals,
pastures/range!and, forage grasses, corn, cotton, soybeans, sorghum, rice,
sugar beets, tobacco, safflower, alfalfa, clover, turf, domestic'animals.
(10)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Trace amounts of dichlorvos
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: Bird populations studied before and up to
14 days after spraying did not exhibit a significant decrease in
numbers.(4) A review of applications to rangelands found no reported
effects to wildlife.(4)
Potentiates the toxiclty of EPN, malathion and azlnphos-methyl (4)
V-113
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Trlfluralin TYPE: Herbicide (weed seeds)
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Broadcast direct application, (2) Incorporated Into
the soil(5) aerial (10)
FORMULATION: Technical chemical, granular, wettable powder, emu!sifiable
concentrate, dust.(2)
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): 0.0410ppm Rainbow, 0.470ppm BluegUl
0.56ppn Oaphnla, 2.2ppm Gammarus(8)
L050: Rats >10,000pp«(3)
Mice SOOppm
Chickens >2000ppm
PERSISTENCE: Absorbed by the soil and 1s extremely resistant to
leaching.(5) Duration of residual soil activity 1s 6-8 months.(3)
•>
BIOACCUMULATION: Following oral administration, 70 percent Is eliminated
1n the urine and 15 percent 1n feces within 72 hours.(3)
SOLUBILITY: 0.30ppm (3)
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Not toxic to bees (3)
EPA REGISTERED USES: Alfalfa, barley, oats, vegetables, fruit, cotton,
corn, sorghum, soybeans, sugarcane, suagr beets, wheat, safflower,
ornamentals, forests [hardwood], nuts, turf, noncrop.(lO)
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS:
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: Y or (N)
If Yes, then WHY:
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION:
V-114
-------
CHEMICAL NAME: Zinc phosphide TYPE: RodentIclde
METHOD OF APPLICATION: Placed underground 1n burrows, mounds, around bulbs
or In bait boxes; dust (Inside buildings); broadcast (right-of-way) by
hand ground devise, sugar cane by air or ground; rafted baits
FORMULATION: (3) grain bait, scrap bait, tracking powder, paste
LC50 (Fish and/or Aquatic Invert.): (3) bluegill 0.8mg/l
rainbow trout O.sing/l
LD50: (3) rats 45.7mg/kg
mallard 37.5mg/kg
bobwhite 13.5mg/kg
PERSISTENCE:
BIOACCUNULATION: (2P rodent bait product description) Not stored 1n muscle
or other tissue of poisoned animal; "not true secondary poisoning"
SOLUBILITY: (3) practically Insoluble in water
MORTALITY OF NON-TARGET SPECIES: Has been extensively used. No evidence
that it 1s a secondary hazard. (15)
EPA REGISTERED USES: (Label) Rangeland, ornamentals, turf, noncrop, sugar
cane, fruit
BREAKDOWN PRODUCTS: Phosphide (toxic gas)
RESTRICTED USE CHEMICAL: (Y) or N
If Yes, then WHY: (3) danger to humans and domestic animals
OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: labeled as toxic to wildlife
V-115
------- |