SAFE DRINKING WATER ACT PROTECTING AMERICA'S PUBLIC HEALTH MULTIPLE RISKS REQUIRE MULTIPLE BARRIERS SOURCE WATER & COLLECTION SYSTEM Risks to Public Health POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS HEALTH EFFECTS OF CONTAMINANTS PROGRAMMATIC ISSUES Municipal Discharges, Industrial Discharges, Natural Deposits, Agricultural Run-Off, Leaking Tanks, Combined Sewer Overflows, Spills, Confined Animal Feeding Operations, Sprawl, Cracked Wells Casings, Air Deposition, Pet Waste I Microbial Pathogens (E. Coli, Cryptosporidium), Pesticides (Atrazine), Organic Chemicals (Benzene), Inorganic Chemicals (Arsenic), I Radionuclides (Radon), Gas, Animal Steroids, Emerging Pathogens TREATMENT PLANT Chemical Addition for Treatment DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONSUMER Disinfectants, Disinfection By-Products Cross-connections, Backflow, Storage Tanks, Leaks/Recontamination Microbial Regrowth, Biofilms Lead and Copper Plumbing, Poorly-Maintained Point-of-Use/ Point-of-Entry Devices Lead and Copper, Bacteria Gastroenteric Disease, Cancer, Liver Problems, Reproductive Problems, Death, Blue Baby Syndrome, Nerve Damage, Stomach Problems, Circulatory Problems Cross Jurisdictional and Authority Issues, Barriers for Program Integration, Insufficient Quantity Inadequately Trained Operators/ Operator Error, Insufficient Research & Data Inadequate Monitoring Methods & Frequency Aging Infrastructure Inefficient Industry Structure Data Systems Deficiencies, Poor Risk Communication and Understanding Local, State and Federal Workload Increases in Volume and Compl Public Health Protection through Multiple Barrier Risk Management SOURCE PROTECTION Underground Injection Control, Wellhead Protection, Source Water Assessment and Protection, Sole Source Aquifer Public Participation in Assessments and Protection Measures SOUND STANDARDS AND EFFECTIVE TREATMENT ? Underground Injection Control Standards QUALIFIED OPERATORS MCL's or Treatment Technology for 90+ Contaminants, Congress ionally Specified MCL's - "Smart Rules", Contaminant Candidate List 6 Year Review of Standards Public Input on Rules and Policies, National Drinking Water Advisory Council State Adoption of Standard i Sanitary Surveys i Research Minimum Training & Certification Requirements SYSTEM, STATE, AND TRIBAL CAPACITY Underground Injection State Grants, Congressional Earmarks I PWSS State Grants Drinking Water State Revolving Loan Fund and Program Set-Asides Sustainable Systems - Technical, Financial, Managerial Capacity Educate Public on Value of Safe Water TRAINING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Case Studies, Models and Materials I Technical and Program Training Drinking Water Academy, Implementation Guidance, State and Local Partnerships, Technical Assistance Centers OUTREACH AND PUBLIC RIGHT-TO-KNOW Partnerships, Coordination and Communication with All Stakeholders Safe Drinking Water Information System, National Contaminant Occurrence Database, NDWAC, Fact Sheets, www.epa.gov/safewater, Plain English Materials, Articles, Federal Advisory Committees, Hotline, etc. Consumer Confidence Reports, Public Notification of Violations, Public Service Announcements -f MONITORING, EVALUATION, COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT Source Water Monitoring, National Contaminant Occurrence Database Finished Water Monitoring, Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule Accountability Measures, Congressional and Public Program Status Reports Compliance Assistance and Enforcement Actions Distribution System Monitoring Tap Monitoring CROSS PROGRAM INTEGRATION Coordinated Priorities and Activities with Clean Water Act (Water Quality Standards, Listed Waters, Total Maximum Daily Loads, Permits, NFS); Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act; Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (Underground Storage Tanks); Clean Air Act (MTBE); Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act Coordinated Public Communication ------- |