SAFE   DRINKING   WATER   ACT
PROTECTING  AMERICA'S   PUBLIC  HEALTH
MULTIPLE  RISKS  REQUIRE MULTIPLE  BARRIERS
                          SOURCE WATER & COLLECTION SYSTEM
  Risks to Public Health
  POTENTIAL SOURCES OF
  CONTAMINATION
 POTENTIAL
 CONTAMINANTS
 HEALTH EFFECTS OF
 CONTAMINANTS

 PROGRAMMATIC
 ISSUES
 Municipal Discharges, Industrial Discharges, Natural Deposits, Agricultural
 Run-Off, Leaking Tanks, Combined Sewer Overflows, Spills, Confined Animal
 Feeding Operations, Sprawl, Cracked Wells Casings, Air Deposition, Pet Waste
I Microbial Pathogens (E. Coli, Cryptosporidium), Pesticides (Atrazine),
 Organic Chemicals (Benzene), Inorganic Chemicals (Arsenic),
I Radionuclides (Radon), Gas, Animal Steroids, Emerging Pathogens
                                          TREATMENT PLANT
                    Chemical Addition for Treatment
                                         DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
                        CONSUMER
                    Disinfectants, Disinfection
                    By-Products
Cross-connections,
Backflow, Storage Tanks,
Leaks/Recontamination
Microbial Regrowth, Biofilms
Lead and Copper Plumbing,
Poorly-Maintained Point-of-Use/
Point-of-Entry Devices
Lead and Copper, Bacteria
        Gastroenteric Disease, Cancer, Liver Problems, Reproductive Problems, Death, Blue Baby Syndrome, Nerve Damage, Stomach Problems, Circulatory Problems
 Cross Jurisdictional and Authority Issues, Barriers for Program Integration,
 Insufficient Quantity
                    Inadequately Trained Operators/
                    Operator Error, Insufficient
                    Research & Data
                                                                 Inadequate Monitoring Methods & Frequency

                                                    Aging Infrastructure

                                                          Inefficient Industry Structure
                   Data Systems Deficiencies,
                   Poor Risk Communication and
                   Understanding
                                                Local, State and Federal Workload Increases in Volume and Compl
  Public Health Protection through Multiple Barrier Risk Management
 SOURCE PROTECTION
 Underground Injection Control, Wellhead Protection, Source Water
 Assessment and Protection, Sole Source Aquifer
                                                           Public Participation in
                                                           Assessments and Protection
                                                           Measures
 SOUND STANDARDS
 AND EFFECTIVE
 TREATMENT
?  Underground Injection Control Standards
 QUALIFIED OPERATORS
                    MCL's or Treatment Technology for
                    90+ Contaminants, Congress ionally
                    Specified MCL's - "Smart Rules",
                    Contaminant Candidate List
                    6 Year Review of Standards
                    Public Input on Rules and
                    Policies, National Drinking Water
                    Advisory Council
                                                State Adoption of Standard
                                                          i
                                                   Sanitary Surveys
                                                          i
                                                     Research
                                                     Minimum Training & Certification Requirements
 SYSTEM, STATE, AND
 TRIBAL CAPACITY
 Underground Injection State Grants, Congressional Earmarks         I PWSS State Grants

                    Drinking Water State Revolving Loan Fund and Program Set-Asides

                              Sustainable Systems - Technical, Financial, Managerial Capacity
                                                           Educate Public on Value of
                                                           Safe Water
 TRAINING AND
 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
  Case Studies, Models and Materials
                                      I  Technical and Program Training

Drinking Water Academy, Implementation Guidance, State and Local Partnerships, Technical Assistance Centers
 OUTREACH AND PUBLIC
 RIGHT-TO-KNOW
                   Partnerships, Coordination and Communication with All Stakeholders
                                       Safe Drinking Water Information System, National Contaminant Occurrence Database, NDWAC, Fact Sheets,
                                         www.epa.gov/safewater, Plain English Materials, Articles, Federal Advisory Committees, Hotline, etc.
                                                           Consumer Confidence Reports,
                                                           Public Notification of Violations,
                                                           Public Service Announcements
                                                                            -f
 MONITORING,
 EVALUATION,
 COMPLIANCE AND
 ENFORCEMENT
 Source Water Monitoring, National Contaminant Occurrence Database
                    Finished Water Monitoring,
                    Unregulated Contaminant
                    Monitoring Rule
                                     Accountability Measures, Congressional and Public Program Status Reports

                                                     Compliance Assistance and Enforcement Actions
Distribution System Monitoring
Tap Monitoring
 CROSS PROGRAM
 INTEGRATION
 Coordinated Priorities and Activities with Clean Water Act (Water Quality
 Standards, Listed Waters, Total Maximum Daily Loads, Permits, NFS);
 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act; Resource Conservation
 and Recovery Act (Underground Storage Tanks); Clean Air Act (MTBE);
 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
                                                          Coordinated Public
                                                          Communication

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