United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Environmental Information
Washington, DC 20460
EPA260-B-01-03
August 2001
FINAL
EMERGENCY PLANNING AND
COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW ACT
-SECTION 313:
Guidance for Reporting Toxic Chemicals:
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Category
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA)
requires certain facilities manufacturing, processing, or otherwise using listed toxic chemicals to report
the annual quantity of such chemicals entering each environmental medium. Such facilities must also
report pollution prevention and recycling data for such chemicals, pursuant to section 6607 of the
Pollution Prevention Act, 42 U.S.C. 13106. When enacted, EPCRA Section 313 established an initial
list of toxic chemicals that was comprised of more than 300 chemicals and 20 chemical categories.
EPCRA Section 313(d) authorizes EPA to add chemicals to or delete chemicals from the list, and sets
forth criteria for these actions. EPCRA Section 313 currently requires reporting on over 600 chemicals
and chemical categories.
CONTENTS
SECTION 1.0 Introduction 1
Section 1.1 Background 1
Section 1.2 Who Must Report? 3
Section 1.3 What are the Reporting Thresholds? 5
Section 1.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds - Their Structure and
Formation 7
Section 1.5 What Other Changes to the EPCRA Section 313 Reporting
Requirements Apply to the Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
Category? 10
1.5.1 DeMinimis Exemption 10
1.5.2 Alternate Reporting Threshold (1 Million Lbs); Form A 10
1.5.3 Range Reporting 11
1.5.4 Data Precision 11
SECTION 2.0 Guidance on Reporting And Estimating Environmental Releases
Of PACs 13
Section 2.1 Introduction 13
Section 2.2 Threshold Determination 19
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CONTENTS (Continued)
Section 2.3 Methods for Calculating Annual Releases and Other Waste
Management Quantities of Chemicals in the PAC Chemical
Category 20
SECTIONS.0 REFERENCES 25
APPENDIX A Definitions of Various Mixtures, with CAS Numbers, that may contain
chemicals in the EPCRA Section 313 PAC category A-l
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LIST OF TABLES
Page
1-1 Chemicals Included in the EPCRA Section 313 PAC Category 2
2-1 Some Mixtures That Might Contain EPCRA Section 313 PACs 15
2-2 Quantity of PACs Required to Meet the Reporting Threshold in Fuels and Asphalt . 17
2-3 Emission Factors for PACs From Combustion Sources 18
2-4 Potential Data Sources for Release and Other Waste Management
Calculations 23
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DISCLAIMER
This guidance document is intended to assist industry with EPCRA Section 313 reporting for the
Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds category. In addition to providing an overview of aspects of the
statutory and regulatory requirements of the EPCRA Section 313 program, this document also
provides recommendations and emission factors to assist industry with EPCRA reporting. These
recommendations do not supersede any statutory or regulatory requirements, are subject to change,
and are not independently binding on either EPA or covered facilities. Additionally, if a conflict exists
between guidance on this site and the statutory or regulatory requirements, the conflict must be resolved
in favor of the statute or regulation. Although EPA encourages industry to consider these
recommendations and emission factors, in reviewing this document, industry should be aware that these
recommendations and emission factors were developed to address common circumstances at typical
facilities. The circumstances at a specific facility may significantly differ from those contemplated in the
development of this document. Thus individual facilities may find that the recommendations and
emission factors provided in this document are inapplicable to their processes or circumstances, and
that alternative approaches or information are more accurate and/or more appropriate for meeting the
statutory and regulatory requirements of EPCRA Section 313. To that end, industry should use facility
specific information and process knowledge, where available, to meet the requirements of EPCRA
Section 313. Facilities are encouraged to contact the Agency with any additional or clarifying questions
about the recommendations and emission factors in this document, or if the facility believes that EPA
has incorrectly characterized a particular process or recommendation. Additional guidance documents,
including industry specific and chemical specific guidance documents, are also available at the EPA TRI
website: .
IV
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SECTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Section 1.1 Background
On October 29, 1999, EPA promulgated the Final Rule on Persistent,
Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) chemicals (64 FR 58666). This rule added two chemicals to the
existing poly cyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) category on the list of toxic chemicals subject to the
reporting requirements under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act of 1986 (EPCRA). EPA also lowered the reporting threshold for the PAC category to 100
pounds. The two added PACs were benzo(j,k)fluorene and 3-methylcholanthrene. The 21 chemicals
comprising the new PAC category, their Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry numbers, and
common sources are listed in Table 1-1. The Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic (PBT) chemical final
rule also added benzo(g,h,i)perylene, a PBT chemical PAC, to the EPCRA Section 313 list of
individual chemicals. Benzo(g,h,i)perylene has a reporting threshold of 10 Ib/yr and is reported
separately from the PAC category. Refer to the EPCRA Section 313 Guidance for Reporting Toxic
Chemicals: Pesticides and Other Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxic (PBT) Chemicals for more
information.
The purpose of this guidance document is to assist facilities in complying with the
reporting requirements of EPCRA Section 313 for the poly cyclic aromatic compounds category.
Facilities that meet the EPCRA Section 313 employee threshold and SIC code requirements, and that
exceed the reporting threshold for the PAC category are subject to the EPCRA Section 313 annual
reporting requirements beginning with reporting year 2000, with the first reports due by July 1, 2001.
This document explains the EPCRA Section 313 reporting requirements, and provides
guidance on how to estimate annual releases and other waste management quantities of PACs from
certain industries and industrial activities. Because each facility is unique, the recommendations
presented may have to be adjusted to the specific nature of operations at your facility or industrial
activity.
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Table 1-1
Chemicals Included in the EPCRA Section 313 PAC Category3
Chemical Name
Benzo(a)anthracene
Benzo(a)phenanthrene (chrysene)
Benzo(a)pyrene
Benzo(b)fluoranthene
Benzo(j )fluoranthene
Benzo(k)fluoranthene
Benzo(j,k)fluorene (fluoranthene)
Benzo(r,s,t)pentaphene
Dibenz(a,h)acridine
Dibenz(a j )acridine
Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene
Dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene
Dibenzo(a,e)pyrene
Dibenzo(a,h)pyrene
Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene
7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole
7, 1 2-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Indeno( 1 ,2,3 -cd)pyrene
3 -Methy Icholanthrene
5 -Methy Ichry sene
1 -Nitropyrene
CAS Number
56-55-3
218-01-9
50-32-8
205-99-2
205-82-3
207-08-9
206-44-0
189-55-9
226-36-8
224-42-0
53-70-3
5385-75-1
192-65-4
189-64-0
191-30-0
194-59-2
57-97-6
193-39-5
56-49-5
3697-24-3
5522-43-0
Sources (1)
Product of incomplete combustion (PIC); fossil
fuels (FF)
PIC; FF; coke plant exhaust
PIC; FF; coal tar; municipal incinerator emissions
PIC; FF
PIC; FF; coal tar
PIC; FF; coal tar
PIC; FF; coal tar
PIC; FF; coal tar
PIC (particularly coal burning processes)
PIC (particularly coal burning processes)
PIC; FF; coal tar; gasoline engine exhaust tar
PIC
PIC; FF
PIC; FF; coal tar
PIC; coal gasification
Coal burning processes; coal tar and coal
distillates
Produced in small quantities as a research
chemical, not formed during combustion
PIC; FF; coal tar
Produced in small quantities as a research
chemical, not formed during combustion
PIC
Diesel and gasoline engines; coal fired energy
conversion plants; aluminum smelter stack gases
1 Reference: Aronson, D., and Howard, P.H. Sources of Individual PAHs Listed in the PBT Chemical Pool, January
2000.
a In addition to the PAC chemical category, the list of EPCRA Section 313 chemicals includes benzo (g,h,i) perylene
(a poly cyclic aromatic compound). The reporting threshold for the PAC category is 100 Ib/yr and the reporting
threshold for benzo (g,h,i) perylene is 10 Ib/yr.
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A primary goal of EPCRA is to increase the public's knowledge of, and access to,
information on the presence and release and other waste management activities of EPCRA Section 313
toxic chemicals in their communities. Under EPCRA Section 313, certain facilities exceeding reporting
thresholds are required to submit annual toxic chemical release forms.
These forms must be submitted to EPA and State or Tribal governments, on or before
July 1, for activities in the previous calendar year. The owner/operator of the facility on July 1 of the
reporting deadline is primarily responsible for the report, even if the owner/operator did not own the
facility during the reporting year. EPCRA mandates that EPA establish and maintain a publicly
available database consisting of the information reported under Section 313. This database, known as
the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), can be accessed through the following sources:
• EPA's Internet site, www.epa.gov/tri;
• TRI Explorer Internet site, www.epa.gov/triexplorer;
Envirofacts Warehouse Internet site,
www.epa.gov/enviro/html/tris/tris_overview.html; and
• EPA's annual TRI data release materials (summary information).
This document supersedes the previous PACs guidance document (EPA 745-R-99-
009). The objectives of this guidance document are to:
Provide explanation and assistance on EPCRA Section 313 reporting
requirements for the polycyclic aromatic compounds category, since June
1999;
Promote consistency in the method of estimating annual releases and other
waste management quantities of polycyclic aromatic compounds for certain
industries and industrial classes; and
• Reduce the level of effort expended by those facilities that prepare an EPCRA
Section 313 report for the polycyclic aromatic compounds category.
Section 1.2 Who Must Report?
To understand the following discussion you must first understand how EPCRA defines
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a facility. The term "facility" is defined as, "all buildings, equipment, structures, and other stationary
items which are located on a single site or on contiguous or adjacent sites and which are owned or
operated by the same person (or by any person which controls, which is controlled by, or which is
under common control with such person)." (EPCRA Section 328(4)). A facility may contain more
than one "establishment" (40 CFR 372.3). An "establishment" is defined as, "an economic unit,
generally at a single physical location, where business is conducted or where services or industrial
operations are performed" (40 CFR 372.3).
EPA recognizes that for business reasons it may be easier and more appropriate for
establishments at one facility to report separately. However, the combined quantities of EPCRA
Section 313 chemicals and chemical categories manufactured, processed, or otherwise used in all
establishments making up that facility must be considered for threshold determinations. Also, the
combined release and other waste management activities reported singly for each establishment must
total those for the facility as a whole (40 CFR 372.30(c)).
Note that if a facility is comprised of more that one establishment, once an activity
threshold is met by the facility, provided that the facility meets the SIC Code and employee threshold
criteria, release and other waste management activities from all establishments at the facility must be
reported (40 CFR 372.30(c)).
A facility is subject to the provisions of EPCRA Section 313, if it meets all three of the
following criteria:
It is included in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39;
SIC code 10 (except SIC codes 1011, 1081, and 1094); SIC code 12
(except SIC code 1241); SIC code 4911 (limited to facilities that combust coal
and/or oil for the purpose of generating power for distribution in commerce),
SIC code 4931 (limited to facilities that combust coal and/or oil for the purpose
of generating power for distribution in commerce), SIC code 4939 (limited to
facilities that combust coal and/or oil for the purpose of generating power for
distribution in commerce); SIC code 4953 (limited to facilities regulated under
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, subtitle C, 42 U.S.C. section
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6921 etseq.); SIC code 5169; SIC code 5171; or SIC code 7389 (limited to
facilities primarily engaged in solvent recovery services on a contract or fee
basis); and
It has 10 or more full-time employees (or the equivalent of 20,000 hours per
year); and
It manufactures (includes imports), processes, or otherwise uses any of the
toxic chemicals listed on the EPCRA Section 313 list in amounts greater than
the threshold quantities established in 40 CFR 372.25, 372.28. See Section
1.3.
These three reporting criteria alone, not a facility's release and other waste management
quantities, determine whether your facility must prepare an EPCRA Section 313 report. A facility that
meets these three criteria is required to prepare an EPCRA Section 313 report even if that facility has
zero release or other waste management quantities of EPCRA Section 313 chemicals or chemical
categories.
In addition, pursuant to Executive Order 13148 entitled "Greening the Government
Through Leadership in Environmental Management," federal facilities are required to comply with the
reporting requirements of EPCRA Section 313. This requirement is mandated regardless of the federal
facility's SIC code.
Section 1.3 What are the Reporting Thresholds?
Thresholds are specified amounts of toxic chemicals manufactured, processed, or
otherwise used during the calendar year that trigger reporting requirements. EPCRA Section 313
establishes default reporting thresholds, but authorizes EPA to establish lower thresholds for particular
chemicals, classes of chemicals, or categories of facilities, if a different threshold is warranted. EPA has
used this authority to establish lower thresholds for PBT chemicals (40 CFR 370.28, 64 FR 58666).
The EPCRA Section 313 PAC category consists of 21 specific compounds (see Section 1.1, Table 1-
1) that are reported as a single chemical category. EPCRA Section 313 requires threshold
determinations for chemical categories to be based on the total mass of all the chemicals in that
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category. Therefore, provided that the facility meets the SIC code and employee threshold criteria,
reporting is required for the PAC category:
• If a facility manufactures more than 100 pounds of the PAC category during
the calendar year.
• If a facility processes more than 100 pounds of the PAC category during the
calendar year.
• If a facility otherwise uses more than 100 pounds of the PAC category during
the calendar year.
The terms manufacture, process, and otherwise use are defined in 40 CFR 372.3 as:
Manufacture means to produce, prepare, import, or compound a toxic chemical.
Manufacture also applies to a toxic chemical that is produced coincidentally during the
manufacture, processing, otherwise use, or disposal of another chemical or mixture of
chemicals, including a toxic chemical that is separated from that other chemical or
mixture of chemicals as a byproduct, and a toxic chemical that remains in that other
chemical or mixture of chemicals as an impurity.
Process means the preparation of a toxic chemical, after its manufacture, for
distribution in commerce: (1) In the same form or physical state as, or in a different form
or physical state from, that in which it was received by the person so preparing such
substance, or (2) As part of an article containing the toxic chemical. Process also
applies to the processing of a toxic chemical contained in a mixture or trade name
product.
Otherwise use means any use of a toxic chemical, including a toxic chemical contained
in a mixture or other trade name product or waste, that is not covered by the terms
manufacture or process. Otherwise use of a toxic chemical does not include disposal,
stabilization (without subsequent distribution in commerce), or treatment for destruction
unless:
(1) The toxic chemical that was disposed, stabilized, or treated for
destruction was received from offsite for the purposes of further waste
management; or
(2) The toxic chemical that was disposed, stabilized, or treated for
destruction was manufactured as a result of waste management activities on
materials received from off site for the purposes of further waste
management activities. Relabeling or redistributing of the toxic chemical in
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which no repackaging of the toxic chemical occurs does not constitute
otherwise use or processing of the toxic chemical.
The quantities of PACs included in threshold determinations are not limited to the
amounts of these compounds released to the environment; they include all amounts of PACs
manufactured, processed, or otherwise used at the facility. For example, some emission factors may
include values for both before and after scrubbers, and while the after scrubber values would apply to
release estimates, the before scrubber values would apply towards threshold calculations since this
represents amounts that have been manufactured. If the only information that a facility has concerning
the manufacturing, processing, or otherwise use of PACs at the facility comes from emission factors
then those quantities can be used to determine threshold quantities. Quantities required to meet the
threshold for some fuels and other raw materials may be found in Table 3-1.
If you perform threshold calculations for the PAC chemical category, you should also
perform threshold calculations for benzo(g,h,i)perylene. Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (a polycyclic aromatic
compound) is reported separately from the PAC chemical category. The reporting threshold for the
PAC category is 100 Ib/yr and the reporting threshold for benzo(g,h,i)perylene is 10 Ib/yr. If you
exceed a reporting threshold for both the PAC category and benzo(g,h,i)perylene, separate Form Rs
must be submitted. For more information on benzo(g,h,i)perylene, refer to the EPCRA Section 313
Guidance for Reporting Toxic Chemicals: Pesticides and Other Persistent Bioaccumulative
Toxic (PBT) Chemicals.
Section 1.4 Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds - Their Structure and Formation
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are a subset of a broad class of chemicals
identified as polycyclic organic matter (POM). POM, a complex mixture containing thousands of
organic compounds, is found in fossil fuels, oil, coal, wood, and natural gas. POM is also found as
suspended particulate matter in the urban atmosphere, from the incomplete combustion/pyrolysis of
fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, and wood).
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PACs may also be referred to as polycyclic, or polynuclear, aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs). The chemical structure is characterized by three or more aromatic (e.g., benzene) rings,
usually fused together such that each pair of fused rings shares two carbons. The PAC structure can
contain five-membered nonaromatic hydrocarbon rings fused to the six-membered rings, e.g.,
benzo(j)fluoranthene. PACs can also contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen, such as nitrogen.
Because of the high nitrogen content of coal, the coal burning process commonly produces EPCRA
Section 313 PAC category chemicals containing nitrogen (such as dibenz(a,h)acridine).
Most of the 21 listed PACs are products of incomplete combustion; see Table 1-1.
Two exceptions, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and 3-methylcholanthrene, are produced in small
quantities as research chemicals and are not products of incomplete combustion (1). Twelve of the 21
are reported to be found in fossil fuels (1). EPCRA Section 313 PAC category chemicals are also
found in coal tar and coal distillates.
Fossil fuel combustion for heat and power generation is the primary source of PACs;
however, other industrial processes also contribute. EPCRA Section 313 PACs may be generated
from the production of synthetic fuels from coal, petroleum, and other feedstocks as well as the
manufacture of products other than fuels from coal and petroleum feedstocks. By-products of coal
processing and petroleum refining such as heavy oils, crude tars, coal tars, coal distillates, and residues
are likely to contain significant quantities of PACs.
These by-products are themselves often used in other industrial processes. Various
liquid fractions distilled from tars and pitches can be used to produce chemicals such as benzene,
toluene, xylene, phenols, creosols, and naphthalene. Pitches can be processed to make asphalt roofing
and road surfacing material. Tars and pitches can be used in wood preservation and in the manufacture
of carbon black, tar-epoxy coatings, and hydrocarbon resins. Coal tar pitch used at smelting facilities
may also contain PACs.
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Several factors influence the quantity and types of PACs generated: the
combustion/pyrolysis method or industrial process; the method or process efficiency; the temperature
range, and duration of combustion; and the material combusted/pyrolyzed or processed. Incomplete or
inefficient combustion/pyrolysis processes tend to generate larger quantities of PACs. Higher
temperature processes generate PACs that are higher in aromatic content.
EPA's publication, Locating & Estimating Air Emissions from Sources of
Polycyclic Organic Matter, EPA-454/R-98-014, contains PAC emission factors for seven PAC
chemicals in the PAC category (benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)phenanthrene (chrysene),
benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and indeno(l,2,3-
cd)pyrene) for the following sources potentially covered by EPCRA Section 313 reporting
requirements (2):
• Wood waste and bark fired industrial boilers;
• Natural gas fired industrial boilers;
Coal fired industrial boilers;
Oil and waste oil fired industrial boilers;
• Stationary diesel, natural gas, and gas turbine engines;
• Waste combustion systems for facilities regulated under subtitle C of RCRA;
Primary aluminum producers - various processes;
Electric arc furnaces;
• Iron foundries;
• Secondary lead smelters;
Petroleum catalytic cracking;
Asphalt roofing manufacture;
• Hot mix asphalt plants;
• Coke ovens;
Portland cement kilns - wet and dry process; fired by various combinations of
coal, coke, gas, and hazardous waste;
• Pulp mills - Kraft recovery furnaces and lime kilns;
• Carbon black manufacturing;
Creosote wood treatment; and
Rayon based carbon fiber manufacturing.
EPA's publication Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors., commonly
referred to as AP-42, is an additional reference for emission factors for many industries and industrial
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processes (3). PAC emission factors are available for oil, coal, natural gas and wood combustion; for
diesel engines; carbon black manufacturing; and hot mix asphalt plants.
Section 1.5 What Other Changes to the EPCRA Section 313 Reporting Requirements
Apply to the Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Category?
EPA has also made modifications and/or clarifications to certain reporting exemptions
and requirements for the PBT chemicals that are subject to the lower reporting thresholds; this includes
the PAC category. Each of the changes as they apply to the PAC category is discussed in the
following subsections.
1.5.1 De Minimis Exemption
The de minimis exemption allows facilities to disregard certain minimal concentrations
of toxic chemicals in mixtures or other trade name products they process or otherwise use when making
thresholds determinations and release and other waste management calculations.
EPA eliminated the de minimis exemption for EPCRA Section 313 PBT chemicals,
including the PAC category. This means that facilities are required to include all amounts of PACs in
threshold determinations and release and other waste management calculations regardless of the
concentration of the PACs in mixtures or trade name products (40 CFR 372.3 8(a)). However, the
elimination of the de minimis exemption for PBT chemicals does not affect the applicability of the de
minimis exemption to supplier notification requirements.
1.5.2 Alternate Reporting Threshold (One Million Pounds) and Form A
The "Alternate Threshold for Facilities with Low Annual Reportable Amounts,"
provides facilities otherwise meeting EPCRA Section 313 reporting thresholds the option of certifying
on a Form A (a two-page certification statement) that they do not exceed 500 pounds for the total
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annual reportable amount for that chemical, and that their amounts manufactured, processed, or
otherwise used for that chemical do not exceed one million pounds.
EPA has excluded PBT chemicals, including the PAC category from eligibility for the
"Alternate Threshold for Facilities with Low Annual Reportable Amounts" (40 CFR 372.27(e)).
Therefore, the alternate threshold of one million pounds and the Form A certification statement are not
options for the PAC category.
1.5.3 Range Reporting
For facilities with total annual releases or off-site transfers of an EPCRA Section 313
chemical of less than 1,000 pounds, EPA generally allows the amounts to be reported on the Form R
either as an estimate or by using ranges.
EPA has eliminated the range reporting option for releases and other waste
management activities for PBT chemicals, including the PAC category. This means that for those
sections of the Form R for which range reporting is an option, the option cannot be used when
reporting on the PAC category (40 CFR 372.85(b)(15)(i)). Thus facilities are required to report an
actual number rather than a selected range. However, the elimination of range reporting for PBT
chemicals for releases and transfers does not affect the applicability of range reporting of the maximum
amount on site as required by EPCRA Section 313(g).
1.5.4 Data Precision
Facilities should report for the PAC category at a level of precision supported by the
data and the estimation techniques on which the estimate is based. However, the smallest quantity that
need be reported on the Form R for the PAC category is 0.1 pounds.
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Example: If the total quantity for section 5.2 of the Form R (i.e., stack or point air
emissions) is 0.05 pounds or less, then zero can be entered. If the total quantity is
between 0.05 and 0.1 pounds, then 0.1 pounds or the actual number can be entered
(e.g., 0.075 pounds).
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SECTION 2.0 GUIDANCE ON REPORTING AND ESTIMATING ENVIRONMENTAL
RELEASES OF PACs
Section 2.1 Introduction
You have determined that your facility is included in a covered SIC code, has 10 or
more full-time employee equivalents, and manufactures, processes, or otherwise uses one or more of
the chemicals included in the EPCRA Section 313 PAC category. The last step to establish if your
facility must submit an EPCRA Section 313 report is to determine if your facility has exceeded the
reporting threshold amount of 100 pounds for the chemicals in the PAC category.
This document includes concentration and emission factor data which may be used as
default values in calculating activity thresholds, releases and other waste management quantities. EPA
recommends that facilities complete these calculations using best readily available information applicable
to their operations, even if it differs from the data provided herein. EPA also recommends that facilities
maintain documentation of the basis for making these estimates. Facilities are not required to perform
additional testing for EPCRA Section 313 reporting.
As discussed in Section 1.4 most of the 21 listed PACs are products of incomplete
combustion; see Table 1-1. Table 2-1 presents a list of some mixtures, and their CAS numbers, that
might contain EPCRA Section 313 PACs. It is suggested that you begin the threshold determination
process by reviewing those two tables and compiling a list of all the fuels, mixtures, and other products,
including but not limited to those listed in Table 2-1, used at your facility.
The concentration of an individual PAC in fuels and mixtures should always be based
first on any specific information you have for the fuels, mixtures, or other products used at your facility.
MSDSs are one source of information on the type and concentration of chemicals in mixtures. In the
absence of such information, published data on the typical concentrations of the PACs found in those
materials should be used.
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The EPCRA Section 313 listed toxic chemical creosote is an example of a mixture
which may contain PACs. Creosote (CAS No. 8001-58-9) is a mixture that is often used as a wood
preservative. The creosote mixture consists of hundreds of chemicals, and may include PACs listed at
40 CFR Section 372.28. In the October 29, 1999 Persistent, Bioaccumulative, Toxic Chemical final
rule, EPA provided no exceptions to the reporting of PACs at the lower reporting threshold.
Therefore, facilities must include PACs contained in creosote in their threshold calculations. If a facility
exceeds the applicable threshold, a separate Form R for PACs, including any PACs in the creosote
mixture, must be filed. Furthermore, when reporting PACs, the de minimis exemption is inapplicable,
and neither range reporting options nor the Form A may be used. See 40 CFR Sections 372.38(a);
372.85(b); 372.27(e). In the event that a facility exceeds the reporting thresholds for both creosote
and PACs, the facility must file a Form R for PACs, and either a Form R or, if applicable, a Form A
for creosote.
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Table 2-1
Some Mixtures That Might Contain EPCRA Section 313 PACsa
Mixture Name
Aromatic hydrocarbons, poly cyclic
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polystyrene
pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polyethylene
pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polyethylene-
polypropylene pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed aromatic oil -polystyrene pyrolysis-
derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed aromatic oil-polyethylene
pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed aromatic oil-polyethylene-
polypropylene pyrolysis-derived
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, from decomposition of solvent extracted coal tar
pitch-2,4,6-trinitrophenol-reaction products
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, from decomposition of iodine-solvent extracted
coal tar pitch charge-transfer complexes
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, toluene dealkylation distillation residues
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, cyclohexanone-extracted residue
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, alky Inaphthalene -toluene thermal
hydrodealkylation distillation residues
Petroleum
Anthracene oil
Coke (coal tar), low-temperature, low-temperature gasification pitch, calcined
Tar bases, coal, low-temperature, crude
Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent
Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent, reaction products with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent, reaction products with iodine
Extract residues (coal), liquefaction heavy acid, alkaline extracts
Extract residues (coal), naphthalene oil acid, alkaline extracts
Distillates (coal tar), low-temperature, pitch
Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-low
Distillates (coal tar), high-temperature, heavy oils
Distillates (coal tar), gasification, pitch, full range
Distillates (coal tar), gasification, heavy oils, pyrene fraction
Distillates (coal tar), pitch, pyrene fraction
Distillates (coal tar), pitch, heavy oils
CAS Number"
130498-29-2
101794-76-7
101794-75-6
101794-74-5
101794-73-4
101794-72-3
101794-71-2
94113-85-6
94113-84-5
93762-97-1
68409-74-5
68333-90-4
8002-05-9
90640-80-5
150339-33-6
141785-66-2
130576-63-5
94113-98-1
94113-97-0
94113-96-9
94113-95-8
140413-63-4
140203-27-6
140203-21-0
140203-20-9
140203-19-6
91995-52-7
91995-51-6
15
-------
Table 2-1 (Continued)
Mixture Name
Distillates (coal tar), pitch, pyrene fraction
Distillates (coal), liquefaction, heavy
Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils
Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-rich
Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-free
Pitch, coal tar, high-temperature, heat-treated
Pitch, mixed brown-coal tar-ethylene manufacturing pyrolysis oil distribution
Pitch, brown-coal tar
Pitch, coal tar, high-temperature, secondary
Pitch, coal gasification tar, low-temperature
Residues, alkene-alkyne manufacturing pyrolysis oil byproduct distillation
Residues, olefin manufacturing pyrolysis oil distillation
Residues (coal tar), pitch distillation
Residues (coal tar), anthracene oil distillation
Residues (coal), coke-oven gas-poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reaction products
distillation
Aromatic hydrocarbons, poly cyclic, automobile scrap shredder waste pyrolysis
products
Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, scrap cable pyrolysis
Poly amides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, pyrolysis oil
Poly amides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, pitch residue fraction
Poly amides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, heavy oil fraction
Hydrocarbon oils, aromatic, mixed with polyethylene, pyrolyzed, middle oil fraction
Hydrocarbon oils, aromatic, mixed with polystyrene, pyrolyzed, middle oil fraction
Hydrocarbon oils, aromatic, mixed with polyethylene and polypropylene, pyrolyzed,
middle oil fraction
CAS Number"
91995-42-5
91995-25-4
90640-86-1
84989-11-7
84989-10-6
12575-60-8
100403-59-6
100403-58-5
94114-13-3
94114-12-2
93686-02-3
92062-01-6
92061-94-4
92061-92-2
92061-88-6
94581-00-7
90989-45-0
100801-78-3
100801-77-2
100801-75-0
101227-14-9
101227-13-8
100801-64-7
alt cannot be determined from the mixture name if a chemical from the category is actually contained in the mixture.
bCAS definitions for most of the mixtures are provided in Appendix A.
Other important mixtures containing PACs are fuels. Table 2-2 provides
concentrations of PACs in fuels. Be aware that these values only include a limited number of the
specific PAC chemicals listed in the compound category. Analyses that include all of the chemicals are
not available at this time.
16
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EPA recognizes that the scientific literature shows that there is significant variability in
the concentration of PACs in fuels. As always, facilities should use the best available information that is
applicable to their operations. In the absence of better data, EPA recommends using the default values
listed in Table 2-2 for these commonly used fuels.
Diesel fuel is also a likely source of PACs; EPA does not have a default value for sites
to use at this time.
Table 2-2
Quantity of PACs Required to Meet the Reporting Threshold in Fuels and
Asphalt
Fuel Type
No. 6 Fuel Oil (Bunker C)
No. 2 Fuel Oil
Crude Oil
Gasoline
Paving Asphalt0
Concentration
2461 ppm
lO.Oppm
(a)
17 ppm
178 ppm
Reference
7
8
9
10
Quantity Needed to Meet
Threshold (gallons)"
5.144xl03
1.41 x 106
1.06xl06
5.18xl04
(a) PACs concentration in crude oil depends on the crude oil type. Additional PACs may be formed during
petroleum refining operations.
(b) Assumes the following densities: No. 2 Fuel Oil = 7.1 Ib/gallon; No. 6 Fuel Oil = 7.9 Ib/gallon; gasoline = 5.6
Ib/gallon; and paving asphalt = 10.84 Ib/gallon.
(c) Paving asphalt is also known as bituminous concrete.
Also in the absence of site specific data, the coincidental manufacturing of PACs in the
combustion of fuels can be estimated using published emission factors such as those found in EPA
publications Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42 and Locating & Estimating
Air Emissions from Sources ofPolycyclic Organic Matter, see Table 2-3. Note that these values
only include a limited number of PACs in the compound category.
The absence of information in Tables 2-2 and 2-3 on the other members of the EPCRA
Section 313 PAC chemical category should not be interpreted to mean that those PACs are not
17
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present in the fuel oil or in the combustion products. EPCRA Section 313 requires that you use the
best, readily available information in preparing the report. Thus, if you have information on the
presence and concentration of members of the EPCRA Section 313 PAC chemical category not
included in the values provided in the tables you must use that data in your threshold determinations.
Table 2-3
Emission Factors for PACs From Combustion Sources
Combustion Source
Natural Gas-Fired Boilers
Natural Gas-Fired Boilers
Residual Oil Fired Boilers
Coal-Fired, Controlled
Wood Waste Combustion,
Particulate Matter Control
Average Emission Factor
8.69E-07 Ib/MMCF
4.37E-07 Ib/MMCF
1.65E-051b/103gal
1.12E-061b/ton
5.15E-051b/ton
Reference
T
2b
3C
3d
3e
a Source Classification Codes (SCC) Number 1-02-006-01, 02, 03; uncontrolled; based on 10 units tested: 2 firetube, 1
scotch, 7 watertube, rated capacity range: 7.2-178 MMBtu/hr.
b SCC Number 1-03-006-01, 02; uncontrolled; based on 5 packaged watertube boilers tested, rated capacity range:
17.4-126 MMBtu/hr. EPA recommends that facilities choose between this value and the one above by matching the
type of boiler.
c Section 1.3, Fuel Oil Combustion, Table 1.3-9; SCC 1-01-004-01/04
d Section 1.1, Supplement E, Table 1.1-13; factors developed from emissions data from six sites firing bituminous coal,
four sites firing subbituminous coal, and from one site firing lignite. Factors apply to boilers using both wet
limestone scrubbers or spray dryers with an ESP or fabric filter. The factors also apply to boilers using only an ESP
or fabric filter. Emission factor should be applied to coal feed, as fired, and are Ib of pollutant per ton of coal
combusted.
e Section 1.6, Supplement E, Table 1.6-4. Units are Ib of pollutant/ton of wood waste burned. Emission factors based
on wet, as fired wood waste with average properties of 50 weight % moisture and • 4500 Btu/lb heating value. PM
controls include fabric filter, multi-cyclones, ESP, and wet scrubbers.
The concentration of an EPCRA Section 313 PAC category chemical may be known
as a specific concentration, as an average, as a range, or as an upper or lower boundary. If you know
the specific concentration of PACs in the stream, you must use that value (40 CFR 372.30 (b)(i)). If
only an average concentration is provided (e.g., by the supplier), use that value in the threshold
calculation. If only the upper bound concentration is known, you must use this value in the threshold
calculation (40 CFR 372.30(b)(3)(ii)). If only the lower bound concentration is provided or the
concentration is given as a range or an upper and lower boundary, EPA has developed the following
guidance on the use of this type of information in threshold determinations.
18
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If the concentration is given as a range or an upper and lower boundary, EPA
recommends that you use the mid-point in your calculations.
If only the lower bound concentration of the PAC is given and the
concentrations of the other components are given, EPA recommends that you
subtract the other component's total from 100% to calculate the upper bound
concentration. EPA then recommends that you determine the midpoint for use
in your calculations.
If only the lower bound concentration of the PAC is given and the
concentration of the other components is not given, EPA recommends that you
assume the upper bound for the PAC is 100% and use the mid-point.
Alternatively, product quality requirements or information available from the
most similar process stream may be used to determine the upper bound of the
range.
Section 2.2 Threshold Determination
The following sample calculation will illustrate the use of published chemical specific
concentration data and emission factors in the determination of threshold quantities.
Example - Threshold Determination Using Published Data
Your facility has a primary SIC Code covered by EPCRA Section 313 reporting requirements and over 200 full-time
employees. Your facility requires large quantities of steam in the manufacturing process and you use oil-fired
boilers to generate the steam. The #6 fuel oil you purchase contains PACs included in the EPCRA Section 313
PAC chemical category. The combustion of the fuel oil generates EPCRA Section 313 PAC chemicals, in addition
to other products (some of which, such as formaldehyde, may also be EPCRA Section 313 chemicals). You need
to determine if your facility otherwise uses and/or coincidentally manufactures EPCRA Section 313 PAC category
chemicals in an amount exceeding the annual reporting threshold of 100 pounds.
Otherwise used
Table 2-2 contains concentration information on the EPCRA Section 313 PAC category chemicals in #6 fuel oil.
The total concentration for PACs is 2461 ppm. Using 7.9 Ib/gal as the density of #6 fuel oil, you would exceed the
otherwise used threshold of 100 Ib/year with the consumption of 5,144 gallons of #6 fuel oil.
(5,144 gal/yr; oil consumed) x (2461 lb/lE+6 Ib; PAC concentration) x
(7.9 Ib/gal; oil density) >100 pounds/year
Your facility exceeds the reporting threshold, therefore a Form R must be prepared for the PAC chemical category.
19
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Manufactured
Table 2-3 contains an uncontrolled emission factor for PAC chemicals in #6 fuel oil. The emission factor is 1.65E-
05 pounds/1,000 gallons of fuel oil burned. The uncontrolled emission factor can be equated to the quantity
generated by the coincidental manufacturing.
If this was the only source of EPCRA Section 313 PAC category chemicals your facility would have to burn over
6.07 billion gallons of residual fuel oil during the reporting year to manufacture over 100 pounds of the PAC
chemicals required to trigger the EPCRA Section 313 reporting threshold for the PAC chemicals category.
(6.07E+9 gal/yr; oil burned) x (1.65E-05 lb/lE+3 gal; PAC concentration) > 100 pounds/year
Your facility exceeds the reporting threshold, therefore a Form R must be prepared for the PAC chemical category.
Keep in mind that if there are other manufacturing, processing, or otherwise use activities at your facility
of the PACs included in the EPCRA Section 313 PAC chemical category these must be included in
your threshold determination.
Section 2.3 Methods for Calculating Annual Releases and Other Waste Management
Quantities of Chemicals in the PAC Chemical Category
You must estimate release and other waste management quantities if the reporting
threshold for one of the manufacturing, processing, or otherwise use activities is exceeded. EPA
recommends that you calculate PAC releases and other waste management activities by following these
steps:
1. Identify the processes/operations where PACs may be manufactured,
processed, or otherwise used.
2. Determine potential sources of releases and other waste management activities
(e.g., emissions from incomplete combustion operations).
3. Identify the types of releases and other waste management activities. These
types correspond to the Form R (e.g., stack emissions).
4. Determine the most appropriate estimation method(s) and calculate the
estimates for release and other waste management quantities.
20
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During threshold determinations, you identified the processes and operations in which
PACs are found. Potential release and other waste management sources of PACs include the
following:
• Accidental releases;
• Air pollution control devices (stack releases);
Combustion by-products;
Process discharge stream (e.g. scrubber wastewater);
• Energy recovery by-products;
• Tower stacks; and
Volatilization from processes.
After determining the release and other waste management activity sources of PACs,
you are ready to determine the types of releases and other waste management activities. These final
destinations of the PACs correspond to elements of the Form R. The potential types of releases and
other waste management activities include:
Fugitive or nonpoint air emissions (Part n, Section 5.1 of Form R): PAC
emissions are considered to be fugitive if not released through stacks, vents,
ducts, pipes, or any other confined air stream. You must include (1) fugitive
equipment leaks from valves, pump seals, flanges, compressors, sampling
connections, open-ended lines, etc.; (2) evaporative losses from surface
impoundments and spills; (3) releases from building ventilation systems; and (4)
any other fugitive or non-point air emissions.
Stack or point air emissions (Part n, Section 5.2 of Form R): PAC emissions
are considered to be stack if released through stacks, confined vents, ducts,
pipes, or other confined air streams. You must include storage tank emissions.
Air releases from air pollution control equipment would generally fall in this
category. Using the control efficiency of an air pollution control device, you can
determine the quantity of PACs released through the air device.
Discharges to receiving streams or water bodies (Part II, Section 5.3 of Form
R): PACs may be present in scrubber wastewater. Monitoring is often
performed at outfalls. This information can be used to determine the
concentration of PACs leaving the facility.
Underground injection on site (Part II, Section 5.4 of Form R)
21
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Disposal to land on site (Part II, Section 5.5 of Form R)
• Discharges to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) (Part n, Section 6.1
of Form R): As with the receiving stream discharge, monitoring may be
available to determine the PAC concentration in a wastewater stream.
• Transfers to other off-site locations (Part II, Section 6.2 of Form R):
On-site waste treatment (Part II, Section 7A of Form R): You should report
the amount of PACs treated by your facility; however this practice is not
common for PACs.
• On-site energy recovery (Part n, Section 7B of Form R):This waste
management activity is not common for PACs.
On-site recycling (Part n, Section 7C of Form R). This waste management
activity is not common for PACs.
After you have identified all of the potential sources for release and other waste
management activity types, you must estimate the quantities of PACs released and otherwise managed
as waste.
EPA has identified four basic methods that may be used to develop estimates (each
method has been assigned a code that must be included when reporting). The methods and
corresponding codes are:
• Monitoring Data or Direct Measurement (M);
• Mass Balance (C);
Emission Factors (E); and,
Engineering Calculations (O).
Descriptions of these techniques are provided in the U.S. EPA publication, Estimating
Releases and Waste Treatment Efficiencies for the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Forms (6).
22
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Many data sources exist for these (and other) methods of developing estimates. Table
2-4 presents potential data sources and the estimation methodology in which each estimation source is
most likely to prove useful. Based on site-specific knowledge and potential data sources available, you
should be able to determine the best method for calculating each release and other waste management
activity quantity.
Table 2-4
Potential Data Sources for Release and Other Waste Management
Calculations
DATA SOURCES
Monitoring Data
• Air permits
• Continuous emission monitoring
• Effluent limitations
• Hazardous waste analysis
• Industrial hygiene monitoring data
NPDES1 permits
• Outfall monitoring data
• POTW pretreatment standards
RCRA2 permit (not common for PACs)
• Stack monitoring data
• New Source Performance Standards
• Title V
• MACT7 Standards
Emission Factors
• AP-423 chemical specific emission factors
• Facility or trade association derived chemical-
specific emission factors
Mass Balance
• Air emissions inventory
• Hazardous material inventory
• Hazardous waste manifests
• MSDSs4
• Pollution prevention reports
• Spill and accidental release event records
• Supply and purchasing records (not common for
PACs)
Engineering Calculations
• NTI6 database
• Facility non chemical-specific emission factors.
• Henry's Law
• Raoult's Law
• SOCMI5 or trade association non-chemical
specific emission factors
• Solubilities
• Volatilization rates
'National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
2Resource Conservation Recovery Act.
Compilation of Emission Factors, U.S. EPA.
4Material Safety Data Sheets.
'Synthetic Organic Chemicals Manufacturing Industry.
6National Toxic Inventory.
7Maximum Achievable Control Technology.
23
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The following sample calculation will illustrate how you might estimate the release and
other waste management quantities for reporting on the Form R.
Example - Release and Other Waste Management Estimation
Let us assume that your threshold determination showed that in the combustion of fuel oil to generate steam for
the manufacturing process, you coincidentally manufactured a total of 155 pounds of the PACs in the EPCRA
Section 313 PAC chemical category. While you have not tested the efficiency of the air pollution control devices
on your oil-fired burners (testing is not required for EPCRA Section 313 reporting purposes) the pollution control
device manufacturer's data states that the devices will provide 85% control and removal.
Quantity released =155 Ib/year x (1-0.85; control device efficiency) = 23.25 pounds/year.
This should be reported in Part II, Sections 5.2 and 8.1 of the 2000 Form R. The PACs captured by the control
device also need to be reported.
24
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SECTION 3.0 REFERENCES
1. Aronson, D., and Howard, P.H. Sources of Individual PAHs Listed in the PBT Chemical
Pool, Report prepared for Sam Sasnett, U.S. EPA. January 12, 2000
2. U.S. EPA. Locating & Estimating Air Emissions from Sources ofPolycyclic Organic
Matter, EPA-454/R-98-014. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. July 1998
3. U. S. EPA. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42. Fifth Edition. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
4. U. S. EPA. Economic Analysis of the Final Rule to Add Certain Industry Groups to
EPCRA Section 313. Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics. April 1997.
5. American Petroleum Institute. Transport and Fate of non-BTEXPetroleum Chemicals in
Soil and Groundwater. API Publication No. 4593. September 1994.
6. U.S. EPA. Estimating Releases and Waste Treatment Efficiencies for the Toxic Chemical
Release Inventory Forms. 1999.
7. Wang, Zhendi, et al. Using Systematic and Comparative Analytical Data to Identify the
Source of an Unknown Oil on Contaminated Birds. Journal of Chromatography. 1997. p.
260.
8. Page, D.S., P.D. Boehm, G.S. Douglas, A.E. Bence. Identification of Hydrocarbon Sources
in the Benthic Sediments of Prince William Sound and the Gulf of Alaska Following the
Exxon-Valdez Oil Spill. In: Third Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk
Assessment: Aquatic Plant and Terrestrial. American Society for Testing and Materials.
Philadelphia, PA (in press). 1994. (Cited in Reference 5, p. A-23).
9. Guerin, M.R. Energy Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN. Conf. 770130-2. 1977. 78pp. (Cited in Reference 5, p. A-ll,
12).
10. Malaiyandi, M., A. Benedik, A.P. Holko, and J.J. Bancsi. Measurement of Potentially
Hazardous Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Occupational Exposure During
Roofing and Paving Operations. Pages 471-489. In: M. Cooke, A.J. Dennis, and G.L.
Fisher (Eds.), Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Physical and Biological Chemistry. Sixth
International Symposium. Battelle Press, Columbus, OH. 1982. (Cited in Reference 5, p. A-
24).
25
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Appendix A
DEFINITIONS OF VARIOUS MIXTURES, WITH CAS NUMBERS, THAT MAY
CONTAIN CHEMICALS IN THE EPCRA SECTION 313 PAC CATEGORY
-------
CAS
Registry
Number Definition
101794-76-7 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C-20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polystyrene
pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed coal tar
pitch-polystyrene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C28 and having a
softening point of 100' C to 220' C (212'F to 428'F) according to DUN 52025.
101794-75-6 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polyethylene
pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed coal tar
pitch-polyethylene pyrolysis. Combined primarily of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C28 and having a
softening point of 100' C to 220' C (212' F to 428' F) according to DIN 52025.
101794-74-5 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed coal-tar pitch-polyethylene-
polypropylene pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed coal tar
pitch-polyethylene-polypropylene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons having a softening point of 100* C to 220* C (212* F to 428* F)
according to DIN 52025.
101794-73 -4 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed aromatic Oil-polystyrene
pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed aromatic oil-
polystyrene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having
carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C28 and having a softening
point of 30' C to 140' C (86' F to 284' F) according to DIN 52025.
101794-72-3 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed aromatic oil-polyethylene
pyrolysis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed aromatic oil-
polyethylene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
A-l
-------
CAS
Registry
Number
Definition
having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C28 and having a
softening point of 30' C to 140' C (86' F to 284' F) according to DIN 52025.
101794-71 -2 Aromatic hydrocarbons, C20-28, polycyclic, mixed aromatic oil-polyethylene-
polypropylene pyroly sis-derived
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from mixed aromatic oil-
poly ethylene-propylene pyrolysis. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons having carbon numbers predominantly in the range of C20 through C28
and having a softening point of 30* C to 14O C (86* F to 184* F) according to DIN
52025.
94113-85-6 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, from decompn. of solvent extd. coal tar pitch-
2,4,6-tricnitrophenol-reaction products
Definition: A complex combination of organic compounds obtained by addition of a
picric acid solution to the solvent extract of a bituminous coal tar pitch and
decomposition of the precipitated pitch-picric acid reaction product with bases.
Composed primarily of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic compounds.
94113-84-5 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, from decompn. of iodine-solvent extd. coal-tar
pitch cargo-transfer complexes
Definition: A complex combination of organic compounds obtained by addition of
iodine solution to the solvent extract of a bituminous coal tar pitch and decomposition of
the precipitated pitch iodine reaction products. Composed primarily of high molecular
weight polycyclic aromatic compounds.
93762-97-1 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, toluene dealkylation distillation residues
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained from the distillation of
products from the thermal hydrodealkylation of toluene. It consists of predominantly
bi- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as diphenyl, methyldiphenyl, fluorene,
and phenanthrene.
A-2
-------
CAS
Registry
Number
Definition
68409-74-5 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, cyclohexanone, ext. residues
Definition: A complex residuum from the cyclohexanone extraction of anthracene salts.
It consists predominantly of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as anthracene.
68333-90-4 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, alkylnaphthalene-toluene thermal
hydrodealkylation distillation residues
Definition: The complex residuum from the distillation of products from the thermal
hydrodealkylation of alkylnaphthalene and toluene. It consists predominantly of bi- and
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalenes, biphenyl, fluorene, and
phenanthrene.
8002-05-9 Petroleum
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons. It consists predominantly of
aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It may also contain small amounts of
nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur compounds. This category encompasses light, medium,
and heavy petroleums, as well as the oils extracted from tar sands.
Hydrocarbonaceous materials requiring major chemical changes for their recovery or
conversion to petroleum refinery feedstocks such as crude shale oils, upgraded shale
oils and liquid coal fuels are not included in this definition.
90640-80-5 Anthracene oil
Definition: A complex combination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons obtained from
coal tar having an approximate distillation range of 300* C to 400* C (572* F to
752* F). Composed primarily of phenanthrene, anthracene, and carbazole.
141785-66-2 Tar bases, coal, low-temperature, crude
Definition: The reaction product obtained by neutralizing the acidic extract of alkali-
washed low-temperature coal tar middle oil with an alkaline solution, such as aqueous
sodium hydroxide, to obtain the free bases. Composed primarily of a complex mixture
of aromatic nitrogen bases.
A-3
-------
CAS
Registry
Number Definition
140203 -34-5 Tar bases, coal liquefaction, heavy oil fraction
Definition: The heavy oil obtained by the high pressure hydrogenation of bituminous
coal is subjected to acid extraction and then neutralized. The crude bases thus obtained
contain polynuclear nitrogen aromatics such as quinoline, acridine, and phenanthridine.
130576-63-5 Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent
Definition: Solvent extract of bituminous coal tar pitch. Composed primarily of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
94113-98-1 Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent, reaction products with 2,4,6-trinitrophenol
Definition: Insoluble reaction product obtained by addition of a picric acid solution to
the solvent extract of a bituminous coal tar pitch. Composed primarily of polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons.
94113-97-0 Extracts (coal), coal tar pitch solvent, reaction products with iodine
Definition: Extract obtained by adding an iodine solution to the solvent extract of a
bituminous coal tar pitch. Composed primarily of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
94113-96-9 Extract residues (coal), liquefaction heavy acid, alkaline extracts
Definition: The neutral oil obtained by debasing and dephenolating the heavy oil from
the high pressure hydrogenation of bituminous coal. Composed primarily of
unsubstituted and alkyl-substituted aromatic polynuclear hydrocarbons that are partially
hydrogenated and may contain heteroatoms.
94113-95-8 Extract residues (coal), naphthalene oil acid, alkaline extracts
Definition: The neutral oil obtained by debasing and dephenolating the middle oil from
the low temperature carbonization of bituminous coal. Composed primarily of a
mixture of mono- and polynuclear, substituted and unsubstituted aromatic and
naphthenic hydrocarbons and heterocycles as well as paraffinic hydrocarbons.
A-4
-------
CAS
Registry
Number
Definition
140413-63-4 Distillates (coal tar), low-temperature, pitch
Definition: The distillate obtained during the heat treatment of low temperature coal tar
pitch having an approximate distillation range of 100* C to 400* C (212* F to 752* F).
Composed primarily of a complex mixture of aromatic compounds.
140203-27-6 Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-low
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the crystallization of
the fractional distillates from tar oil. It consists of aromatic poly cyclic hydrocarbons,
primarily diphenyl, dibenzofuran, and acenaphthene.
140203 -21 -0 Distillates (coal tar), gasification, pitch, full range
Definition: The distillate obtained during the heat treatment of pitch obtained from coal
gasification tar having an approximate distillation range of 100* C to 400* C (212* F to
752* F). Composed primarily of aromatic and other hydrocarbons, phenolic
compounds, and aromatic nitrogen compounds.
140203 -19-6 Distillates (coal tar), gasification, heavy oils, pyrene fraction
Definition: The distillate from the fractional distillation of coal gasification tar having an
approximate boiling range of 350* C to 450* C (662* F to 842* F). Composed
primarily of phenanthrene and anthracene homologs, tetranuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons which may also contain heteroatoms, high-boiling aliphatic and
naphthenic hydrocarbons, and polynuclear phenols.
91995-52-7 Distillates (coal tar), pitch, pyrene fraction
Definition: The redistillate obtained from the fractional distillation of pitch distillate and
boiling in the range of approximately 380* C to 410» C (716» F to 770* F). Composed
primarily of tri- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds.
91995-51-6 Distillates (coal tar), pitch, heavy oils
Definition: The distillate from the distillation of the pitch obtained from bituminous high
temperature tar. Composed primarily of tri- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
A-5
-------
CAS
Registry
Number
Definition
and boiling in the range of approximately 30O C to 470* C (572* F to 878* F). The
product may also contain heteroatoms.
91995-42-5 Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils, pyrene fraction
Definition: The redistillate obtained from the fractional distillation of pitch distillate
boiling in the range of approximately 350* C to 400* C (662* F to 752* F). Consists
predominantly of tri- and polynuclear aromatics and heterocyclic hydrocarbons.
91995-25-4 Distillates (coal), liquefaction, heavy
Definition: the heavy oil obtained by distillation in the range of approximately 300* C to
550* C (572»F to 1022* F) of coal oil from the catalytic hydrogenation of coal and
coal-derived products. Composed primarily of polynuclear aromatics and naphthenes.
The product contains sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen compounds.
90640-86-1 Distillates (coal tar), heavy oils
Definition: The distillate from the fractional distillation of coal tar having an approximate
distillation range of 300* C to 400* C (572* F to 752* F). Composed primarily of tri-
and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds.
84989-11-7 Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-rich
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the crystallization of
the fractional distillates from coal tar. It consists of aromatic and polycyclic
hydrocarbons, primarily fluorene and acenaphthene.
84989-10-6 Distillates (coal tar), upper, fluorene-free
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained by the crystallization of
tar oil. It consists of aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, primarily diphenyl,
dibenzofuran, and acenaphthene.
121575-60-8 Pitch, coal tar, high-temperature, heat-treated
Definition: The heat treated residue from the distillation of high temperature coal tar. A
black solid with an approximate softening point from 80* C to 180* C (176»F to
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356* F). Composed primarily of a complex mixture of three or more membered
condensed ring aromatic hydrocarbons.
100403 -59-6 Pitch, mixed brown-coal tar-ethylene manufacturing pyrolysis oil distillation
Definition: The residue from the joint distillation of brown coal tar and pyrolysis residual
oil from ethylene plants. Composed primarily of polynuclear aromatic and naphthenic
hydrocarbons which can be alkyl- and vinyl-substituted and can contain heteroatoms,
paraffin hydrocarbons, and high-boiling mono- and dinuclear phenols. It is a black
solid with a softening point of 60* C (140* F) according to DIN 52025.
100403-58-5 Pitch, brown-coal tar
Definition: The residue from the distillation of brown coal tar formed by carbonization
up to 1250* C (2282* F). Composed primarily of polynuclear aromatic and naphthenic
hydrocarbons and heterocycles, paraffin hydrocarbons, and high-boiling mono- and
dinuclear phenols. It is a black solid with a softening point of 50* C to 120* C (122* F
to 248' F) according to DIN 52025.
94114-13-3 Pitch, coal tar, high-temperature, secondary
Definition: The residue obtained during the distillation of high boiling fractions from
bituminous coal high temperature tar and/or pitch coke oil, with a softening point of
140* C to 170* C (284* F to 338* F) according to DIN 52025. Composed primarily
of tri- and polynuclear aromatic compounds which also contain heteroatoms.
94114-12-2 Pitch, coal gasification tar, low-temperature
Definition: The residue from the distillation of bituminous coal pressure gasification tar.
A black solid with a softening point of greater than 60* C (140* F) according to DIN
52025 and composed primarily of a complex mixture of polynuclear aromatic and
naphthenic hydrocarbons that may be alkyl substituted and may contain heteroatoms,
high boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons and polynuclear phenols.
93686-02-3 Residues, alkene-alkyne manufactured by pyrolysis oil byproduct distillation
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as a residue from the
distillation of residual oils that are obtained by the pyrolytic recovery of alkenes and
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alkynes from mineral oil products or natural gas. It consists predominantly of tri- and
polynuclear aromatic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons and has a softening point of
approximately 60' C to 180' C (140'F to 356'F) according to DIN 52025.
92062-01 -6 Residues, olefm manufacturing pyrolysis oil distillation
Definition: A complex combination of hydrocarbons obtained as a residue from the
distillation of residual oils that are obtained by the pyrolytic recover of alkenes and
alkynes from petroleum products or natural gas. It consists predominantly of tri- and
polynuclear aromatic and alkylaromatic hydrocarbons having a softening point of 20* C
to 60' C (68'F to 140'F) according to DIN 52025.
92061 -94-4 Residues (coal tar), pitch distillation
Definition: Residue from the fractional distillation of pitch distillate boiling in the range of
approximately 400* C to 470* C (752* F to 878* F). Composed primarily of
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic compounds.
92061 -92-2 Residues (coal tar), anthracene oil distillation
Definition: The residue from the fraction distillation of crude anthracene boiling in the
approximate range of 340* C to 400* C (644* F to 752* F). It consists predominantly
of tri- and polynuclear aromatic and heterocyclic hydrocarbons.
92061 -88-6 Residues (coal), coke-oven gas-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reaction products
distillation
Definition: The residue from the distillation of a complex reaction product, obtained by
reaction of gases obtained by the dry distillation of bituminous coal with a distillate,
consisting of di- and trinuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their alkyl derivatives, with a
softening point of 30* C to 50* C (86* F to 122* F). The residue consists
predominantly of substituted aromatic di- and polynuclear hydrocarbons and sulfur-
containing compounds.
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94581-00-7 Aromatic hydrocarbons, poly cyclic, automobile scrap shredder waste pyrolysis
products
Definition: Pyrolysis product obtained from the thermal treatment of the organic portion
of shredder waste arising from automobile scrap. Composed primarily of mono- to
tetracyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their alkyl derivatives.
90989-45-0 Aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic, scrap cable pyrolysis
Definition: Fraction formed by the thermal treatment of scrap cables at about 700* C
(1292* F) with extensive exclusion of air. Consists chiefly of mono- to tetranuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons and their alkyl derivatives.
100801-78-3 Polyamides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, pyrolysis oil
Definition: The oil obtained from the pyrolysis of textile wastes from a polyamide/
polyester fiber mixture at 600* C to 800* C (1112* F to 1472* F). It consists
predominantly of benzene and naphthalene and their homologs, benzonitrile, and other
di- and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
100801 -77-2 Polyamides, polyester-, wastes pyrolyzed, pitch residue fraction
Definition: A residue from the distillation of textile waste pyrolysis oil. It consists
predominantly of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in a range above 350* C
(662'F).
100801-75-0 Polyamides, polyester-, wastes, pyrolyzed, heavy oil fraction
Definition: A fraction from the distillation of textile waste pyrolysis oil. It consists
predominantly of benzonitrile, naphthalene, and homologs and other di- and polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 200* C and 350* C (392* F to 662* F).
101227-14-9 Hydrocarbon oils, aromatic, mixed with polyethylene, pyrolyzed, middle oil fraction
Definition: The oil obtained from the heat treatment of polyethylene with aromatic oils.
It consists predominantly of naphthalene and its homologs, 1,3-diphenylpropane and
other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in a range of approximately 200* C to
400'C (392'F to 752'F).
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101 227- 13-8 Hydrocarbon oils, aromatic, mixed with polystyrene, pyrolyzed, middle oil fraction
Definition: The oil obtained from the heat treatment of polystyrene with aromatic oils.
It consists predominantly of naphthalene and its homologs, 1,3-diphenylpropane, and
other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in a range of approximately 200* C to
400' C (392' F to 752' F).
1 0080 1 -64-7 Hydrocarbon oils, aromatic, mixed with polyethylene and polypropylene, pyrolyzed,
middle oil fraction
Definition: The oil obtained from the heat treatment of a polyethylene/polypropylene
mixture with aromatic oils. It consists predominantly of naphthalene and its homologs,
1,3-diphenylpropane and other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons boiling in a range of
approximately 200' C to 400' C (392' F to 752' F).
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