vvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office Of
The Administrator
(H1501)
EPA 270-K-93-001
September 1993
A Guide To
Federal Environmental
Requirements For
Small Governments
- jwr*-~ -, i-
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This Guide is one of a series of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency publications designed to make informa-
tion about federal environmental regulations and programs more accessible and understandable to local govern-
ment officials in small communities. We plan to update it periodically, and welcome suggestionsbased on
your experienceas to which requirements should be included, excluded or explained more fully in future
editions. We also welcome your comments on the clarity and usefulness of the information describing each
regulation. Included in the Guide is a reader response sheet on how this publication can best meet your needs.
This first Headquarters-produced edition of the Guide is modeled after a booklet published in 1990 by the
EPA Region 8 Office. Other regional guides have been published by Regions 4, 5,7 and 10.
Recycled/Recyclable
Printed with Soy/Canola Ink on paper that
contains at least 50% recycled fiber
ISBN 0-16-036295-4
90000
9 "78016011362958
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A Guide To
Federal Environmental Requirements
For Small Governments
Compiled by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local
Relations
401 M Street, S.W. (H1501)
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 260-4719
September 1993
For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office'
Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328
ISBN 0-16-036295-4
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Administrator's Preface
Over the past several years I have been impressed with the
dedication of small town officials who are struggling to protect their
community's environment and the health of their citizens in the face of
sometimes overwhelming odds. Small communities are where the buck
stops. For the most part, small governments are responsible for a lot of the
practical matters of everyday life - matters like where the garbage goes,
what happens when we flush the toilet, how we heat and light our homes,
and what comes out of the faucet in the kitchen sink. Small governments
serving under 10,000 people own the great majority of America's landfills,
power plants, waste water systems, and drinking water systems.
My experience has taught me that community leaders often know
the most effective ways to get environmental results and that they are
spirited in their efforts because they have a large personal stake in the
outcome. At the same time, they feel overwhelmed by the breadth,
complexity and cost of existing environmental needs, mandates and
expectations.
We all know that environmental law and therefore
environmental regulation - is growing more and more complicated. It's
even complicated to find out what the rules are; Local officials have
pointed out that the right information has been very difficult to find, and
then when they do find it, it's very confusing. As a result, one of the first
things EPA needs to do is let everyone know just what they are responsible
for in a way that they can understand. The Guide you are holding in your
hand is our first step in that direction, and we hope to update it on an
annual basis to reflect your needs.
We'd like to hear from you about your reactions to this publication
and how you think we can improve it, and the last page has been designed
so that you can tear it off and send it in with your comments. In the
meantime, the final section of the Guide contains telephone numbers of
state and EPA offices where there are people who will help and answer
your questions. Thank you for all you are doing to help make America's
communities cleaner and safer places to live. We look forward to working
closely with you to accomplish our common goals.
Carol Browner
Administrator
September, 1993
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CONTENTS
Introduction
1
EPA's Small Community Program 2
Background 2
Map of U.S. EPA Regions 3
Regional/Headquarters Contacts 4
MANDATED REQUIREMENTS
WATER
Drinking Water
Coliform Monitoring 6
Disinfection and Disinfection
By-Products 8
Inorganic Chemicals (lOCs) . 9
Non-Volatile Synthetic Organic
Chemicals (SOCs) 11
Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs) . . 13
Surface Water Treatment 15
Fluorides 17
Lead Material Ban 18
Lead and Copper 19
Radionuclides 21
Asbestos 22
Public Notification 23
Regulatory Development Schedule ... 25
Wastewater
Pretreatment Requirements 26
Secondary Treatment of Municipal
Wastewater 27
Sewage Sludge Use and Disposal .... 28
National Pollution Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) . 29
Storm Water 30
WASTE
Hazardous Waste Disposal 32
Municipal Solid Waste Disposal 34
Underground Storage Tank (UST)
Technical Requirements 37
Underground Storage Tank Financial
Responsibility Requirements 43
Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know ; 44
Reimbursement to Local Governments for
Emergency Response to Hazardous
Substance Releases 45
TOXICS
Asbestos in Schools 47
Lead 48
PCBs 49
AIR
Clean Air Act Amendments 51
VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS
Pollution Prevention 56
Wellhead Protection 57
Indoor Air 53
Green Lights 59
Environmental Finance Program 60
RESOURCE SECTION
State and Federal Contacts 63
Reader Response Sheet 113
Water and Wetlands Protection 31
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Introduction
This Guide to Federal Environmental Requirements for Small
Governments is a reference handbook from the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency to help local officials become
familiar with requirements that may apply to their jurisdictions.
We have tried to explain a number of these often complex
federal regulations in a simple, straightforward manner so you
will find the information useful as you analyze and address
environmental problems in your community. The information
will, of course, also be useful to larger local governments. The
guide is based on EPA requirements as they existed in 1992. If
they change, the text will be modified in future editions.
We recognize that in addressing "small governments" we
are talking to officials of communities of many sizes and
shapes. They may be tiny unincorporated hamlets or small
cities and villages that get most of their services from county
governments or special districts. They may be in resort areas
with large seasonal population increases requiring sophisticated
water, sewer and waste treatment services. They may be
adjacent to locations where major interstate highways or
transportation systems come together, or close to remote but
fairly large industrial complexes that pose potential environ-
mental threats.
In addition, levels of environmental services they provide
may differ. Many small communities have major responsibili-
ties for environmental infrastructure such as landfills, public
power plants, sewerage and water systems. On the other hand,
some communities provide only a limited range of services and
depend on county or special district governments to provide the
rest.
If your community is one that depends on counties or
special districts, this publication will help you understand what
those entities should be doing. Small government officials need
to be familiar with the requirements which counties or special
districts must meet in order to be effective advocates for their
residents. We also invite you to pay special attention to the
section on pollution prevention, which is everybody's job.
This Guide is not a legal document in the sense that the
simplified language it uses may differ from the wording of the
actual regulations. In any legal proceeding the specific lan-
guage of the regulation is binding. Nor does the Guide cover
every EPA regulation affecting local governments, although it
does include most of the major requirements affecting your
jurisdiction or the jurisdiction that provides the services
described by the various laws. Many of the laws and regula-
tions described in the Guide are actually implemented and
enforced by state governments or Tribal governments. Where
appropriate, various sections of the Guide indicate that such
may be the case and that you should seek further information
from state or Tribal sources.
If you have questions about any federal environmental
requirement not included in this first edition of the Guide,
consult your EPA Regional Office (Their phone numbers'are
listed in the Resource Section.)
How to Use the Guide
The Guide is divided into sections on water, waste, toxics, air,
voluntary programs and phone contacts. There is a detailed
table of contents on the preceding page. But to make it easier
for you to find information about regulations that apply to your
community, we offer this guidance:
If your government
Owns or operates a municipal water supply system or gets its
drinking water through a coniract with a private supplier, see
pages 6 to 25.
Operates or contracts for public landfill and/or hazardous
waste disposal, see pages 32 to 36.
Owns or operates any underground storage tanks, see pages 37
to 43. (This section also covers the potential involvement of
your fire department when tanks owned by others leak).
Faces potential problems from spills or other releases of toxic
chemicals manufactured or stored in your community, or
transported through it by rail, truck or river barge, see'pages 44
to 46. (If you are not already participating in your county's
federally-required Local Emergency Planning Committee, this
section will tell you why you should be).
Collects or disposes of wastewater and uses or disposes of
sewage sludge, see pages 26 to 29.
Operates or is responsible for elementary and secondary
schools which may have asbestos-containing materials in their
buildings, seeipage 47.
Own or operates landfills, airports, junkyards, construction
sites or other facilities that discharge into your storm water
drain system, see page 30.
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EPA's Small Community Program
Background
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recognizes that
small communities have problems in complying with environ-
mental regulations. As a result, the Agency carries on a special
small community effort involving its headquarters and regional
offices. The aim of this program is to help the Agency better
understand the unique nature of the nation's small communities,
and to help local officials in small governments participate more
fully with EPA as regulations and policies affecting them are
developed.
There are special small community contacts in each EPA
regional office and in each program office at headquarters in
Washington, DC. There is also a special Small Community
Coordinator in the Administrator's Office of Regional Opera-
tions, and State/Local Relations. A list of EPA small commu-
nity contacts is provided on the following page.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
You should become familiar with the person in your EPA
regional office who is your small community contact. They can
help you get in touch with technical, financial and educational
assistance that is available to help you. In addition, many EPA
regional offices are beginning to establish networks and
roundtables for officials from state and local governments, EPA
staff, and other interested parties who are interested in exploring
new ways of working cooperatively to solve environmental
problems. If you are interested in helping to support these
efforts, please let us know.
A Small Community Coordinator function has been
established at the headquarters office in Washington, DC, to
provide a focal point inside the Agency for small community
issues, and to act as an advocate on their behalf. The Small
Community Coordinator works with national associations, other
federal agencies, EPA regional offices, EPA headquarters staff
and other interested parties. The main focus of the office is to
help coordinate policies and identify and develop processes that
will result in realistic, cost-effective ways for small
communities to protect their environment and the health of their
citizens.
Additional Information
For a list of regional and headquarters small community
contacts, and a map showing EPA regional offices, please see
page 3 and 4.
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Region
4 Alabama
10 - Alaska
9 - Arizona
6 - Arkansas
9 - California
8 - Colorado
1- Connecticut
3- Delaware
3 - District of Columbia
4 - Florida
4 - Georgia
9 - Hawaii
10-Idaho
5 - Illinois
Region
5 - Indiana
7 - Iowa
7 - Kansas
4 - Kentucky
6 - Louisiana
1 - Maine
3 - Maryland
1 - Massachusetts
5 - Michigan
5 - Minnesota
4 - Mississippi
7 - Missouri
8 - Montana
Region
7 - Nebraska
9 - Nevada
1 - New Hampshire
2 - New Jersey
6 - New Mexico
2 - New York
4 - North Carolina
8 - North Dakota
5 - Ohio
6 - Oklahoma
10 - Oregon
3 - Pennsylvania
1 - Rhode Island
4 - South Carolina
Region
8- South Dakota
4 - Tennessee
6 - Texas
8-Utah
1 - Vermont
3 - Virginia
10 - Washington
3 - West Virginia
5 - Wisconsin
8 - Wyoming
9 - American Samoa
9 - Guam
2 Puerto Rico
2 Virgin Islands
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Regional Small Community Contacts
Region 1
U.S. EPA
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Room 2203
Boston, MA 02203
Contacts: Rudy Brown or, DougGutro
Phone*: 617-565-3412
Region 2
U.S. EPA
Jacob K. Javits Federal Building
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
Contact: Berry Shore
Phone#: 212-264-7834
Region 3
U.S. EPA
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Contact: Dan Ryan
Phone #: 215-597-9072
Region 4
U.S. EPA
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
Contact: TomNessmith
Phone ft 404-347-7109
Region 5
U.S. EPA
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
Contact: Phillippa Cannon
Phone #: 312-353-6218
Region 6
U.S. EPA
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor
Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
Contact: Gladean Butler
Phone #: 214-655-2203
Region 7
U.S. EPA
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
Contact: Janet Lambert
Phone#: 913-551-7768
Region 8
U.S. EPA
999 18th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2405
Contact: Charles Gomez
Phone #: 303-294-1119
Region 9
U.S. EPA
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
Contact: Lou Jefferson
Phone #: 415-744-1568
Region 10
U.S. EPA
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
Contact: Floyd E.Winsett
Phone#: 206-553-1138
Center for
Environmental Research
Information
26 Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Contact: JimKreissl
Phone #: 513-569-7611
Headquarters Small Community Contacts
Ann Cole - Small Community Coordinator
Office of Regional Operations and State/Local Relations
401 M Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20460
202-260-3953
Air
Air and Radiation
Tina Parker 202-260-6584
Enforcement
Becky Barclay 202-260-7116
Environmental Finance
VcraHannigan 202-260-6685
George Ames 202-260-8227
General Counsel
Carl Garvey 202- 260-7984
Pesticides and Toxics
General
Sherry Sterling 202-260-2890
Policy, Planning and Evaluation
Policy Analysis
Brett Snyder 202-260-5610
Regulatory Flexibility Act
PaulLapsley 202-260-5480
Research and Development
State and Local
Lawrence Martin 202-260-7667
Cincinnati Office
JimKreissl 513-569-7611
Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
Municipal Solid Waste
Tim Jones 202-260-7920
General
Ellen Brown 202-260-4617
Water
Small System Coordinator
Peter Shanaghan 202-260-5813
Municipal Wastewater Support
General
Sylvia Bell 202-260-7255
Technology
Charles Vanderlyn 202-260-7277
Ground and Drinking Water
Roger Barnes 202-260-4194
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MANDATED
REQUIREMENTS
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Drinking Water
Coliform Monitoring
Background
Bacteria from sewage and animal wastes have presented the
most frequent and immediate health risks to public water
supplies over the years. The presence of coliform bacteria,
specifically fecal and E. coli bacteria, is the best and most
easily tested indication of whether potentially harmful bacteria
may be in the water.
Docs The Coliform Monitoring Rule Apply To My
Community?
Yes, all community public water systems as well as non-
community water systems (public water system that does not
serve a residential population) must submit samples for
coliform bacteria testing on a regular monthly basis. Failure to
submit samples, meet the maximum contaminant level (MCL)
and report non-compliance are all violations of the rule.
Timetable
Your community has been required to test for coliform bacteria
since 1975. The 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water
Act resulted in the publication of new rules that change some of
the procedures for testing, change the maximum contaminant
level, and require certain public notification rules related to
coliform monitoring. These rules were published in final form
on June 29,1989, and became effective December 31,1990.
This rule has been implemented for all water systems.
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL)
The maximum contaminant level is based on the presence or
absence of total coliforms in a sample (the old maximum
contaminant level was based on an estimate of coliform
density). A very small water system may have one coliform-
positive sample per month and still remain in compliance with
the regulation.
Monitoring Requirements
You arc required to submit at least one routine sample per
month for your system depending on its size. Carefully follow
procedures for sampling provided by your testing laboratory or
the state agency. First round (or "routine" samples) are to be
taken from taps used primarily for providing drinking water.
Samples are to be from different customer taps from month to
month, for example, from kitchen or bathroom sink taps. Your
State will work with you to establish a "sample-siting plan" for
your community that lists where samples should be taken each
month.
If the sample tests positive for total coliforms, you must
collect four repeat samples within 24 hours of the time you were
notified of the result. These repeat samples must be collected
within five service connections (or five household taps) of the
original sample with at least one being at the original location,
at least one upstream and at least one downstream. If total
coliforms are detected in any repeat sample, your water system
is in violation of the maximum contaminant level and you must
notify the state agency no later than the end of the next business
day that you learned of the violation.
If fecal coliforms or E. coli are identified in a sample in a
month that the water system violates the maximum contaminant
level, it becomes an "acute" violation and you must notify the
state agency the same day you receive the results. This is an
acute violation because the presence of fecal coliform or E. coli
in a sample is evidence of sewage contamination which presents
an urgent health problem. The month following a violation of
the total coliform maximum contaminant level you must collect
five routine samples. The state agency may require more than
one routine sample per month.
A sanitary survey of your system is required at least every
five years and is usually done by the state agency. This survey
is an on-site review of the water source, facilities, equipment,
operation, and maintenance of a public water supply system
designed to evaluate their ability for producing and distributing
safe drinking water. The initial survey must be completed by
June 29,1994. After the sanitary survey is reviewed, the state
has the authority to change the monitoring frequency for the
public water supply system which could reduce the number of
samples that need to be taken on a routine basis. Without the
sanitary survey, you would have to collect five routine samples
every month.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Submit one routine sample per month for your system.
Carefully follow the sampling procedures noted under
Monitoring Requirements.
If your system does not test positive for total coliforms
Continue to submit regular samples and review results.
Maintain a good operation and maintenance program for your
water system including regular line flushing at fire hydrants and
on dead ends.
If your system has a positive coliform sample result
Immediately take and process your repeat samples.
Carefully review your sample taking procedures to be sure you
are not accidentally contaminating the samples.
Call your state agency and ask for help to locate any possible
sources of contamination.
Follow the state agency's direction in issuing public notices
and any state emergency measures that may be required.
Correct any problems causing contamination immediately.
Contact one of the resource agencies listed in the back of this
book if you need technical support or help in financing
arrangements.
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Additional Information
The rule for coliform monitoring is primarily contained in
Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 141.21 & 141.63,
and public notice rules are in Title 40 Code of Federal
Regulations Part 141.32.
EPA and your state agency have several information sheets
and pamphlets on sampling and testing for coliform bacteria.
Contact your state agency for more information.
You may also contact the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline
at 1-800-426-4791.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
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Drinking Water
Disinfection and Disinfection By-Products
Background
Disinfectants (such as chlorine) are the primary defense against
diseases caused by microbiological contaminants in public
water systems. More than 90 percent of surface water supply
systems disinfect their water while less than half of the ground
water supplies are disinfected. Although disinfection is the
single most important treatment technique in use in public water
supplies, the disinfectants themselves can react with organic
materials in water supplies to form disinfection by-products
which may prove to contaminate the water with compounds that
increase cancer risk.
Do The Disinfection And Disinfection By-Products
Regulations Apply To My Community?
Yes, all community and non-transient, non-community public
water systems (public water system that is not a community
water system and that regularly serves at least 25 of the same
persons over 6 months per year i.e. schools, business with their
own system) will be required to disinfect their water, with
allowance for variances if the water comes from sources that are
determined not to be at risk from microbiological contamina-
tion. Monitoring for disinfection by-products will be limited to
systems vulnerable to their development, as determined by the
state.
Timetable
Surface water supplies are now covered by final rules on
filtration and disinfection that were published on June 29,1989.
These rules require disinfection of all surface water supplies and
become effective over the next three years as determined by
State schedules. Rules for general disinfection of all drinking
water supplies are expected to be proposed in 1993 and will
include maximum contaminant levels for a number of disinfec-
tants and disinfection by-products. At present, four disinfection
by-products (trihalomethanes) are regulated, but only in
community water supplies serving populations of 10,000 or
greater. The proposed rules are under development and their
scope may include smaller systems.
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)
Proposed MCLs have not yet been circulated. The maximum
contaminant level for total trihalomethanes is 0.1 milligrams per
liter.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
If your water supply is surface water, contact your state
agency to determine your schedule for compliance with the
filtration and disinfection rules.
If your water supply is ground water and you are now adding a
disinfectant, start regular disinfectant residual tests (weekly or
monthly) at some consumer taps to determine how much
disinfection is available at the "end-of-the-line" in your system.
This will help you plan for modifications in your disinfection
process to meet any new standards that are required.
If your water supply is ground water and you are not adding a
disinfectant now, the following steps may help in your plan-
ning:
- Check your coliform bacteria tests over the past three or
four years. A history with some positive coliform tests are
likely to require you to disinfect.
- If you have no positive coliform tests, keep it that way by
following a proper sampling procedure and through good
maintenance and operation of your water supply and distri-
bution systems. You may be able to ask for an exemption
to the new disinfection rule.
- Look at and price different equipment for disinfection. For
most very small systems, chlorination provided through
gas, liquid solutions or granular compound is the method
used. Costs vary and may not be out of reach for your
community. Your state agency, engineer or an equipment
supply firm can help you with this information.
- Visit neighboring communities that are disinfecting and see
how they do it and what it costs.
- Start public information/education efforts to help your
customers understand the reasons and advantages of
protecting your water supply from contamination through
disinfection. Your state or federal agency drinking water
contact listed in the back of this book may be able to help
you with this.
Additional Information
The rules for Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products are
in Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 141.72.
"Protecting Our Drinking Water From Microbes," EPA,
available by calling the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline:
1-800-426-4791.
Your state agency has materials available that describe the
proper installation and use of disinfection equipment in small
systems.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
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Drinking Water
Inorganic Chemicals
Background
Inorganic Chemicals (lOCs) are elements or compounds found
in water supplies. They may be found naturally occurring in the
geology, or they may be caused by mining, industry or
agricultural activities. It is common to have trace amounts of
many inorganic chemicals in water supplies.
These chemicals can be dangerous in larger amounts, and
can cause a variety of damaging effects to the liver, kidney,
nervous system, circulatory system, blood, gastrointestinal
system, bones or skin, depending upon the chemicals and level
of exposure. Some inorganic chemicals are more damaging to
infants and pregnant women. As a result, EPA has established
safety levels for each of them (called "Maximum Contaminant
Levels" or "MCLs"), and has issued regulations for public
water systems.
Do The Inorganic Chemical Regulations Apply To My
Community?
Yes, all community public water supply systems and non-
transient, non-community water systems must monitor for
regulated inorganic chemicals in their water supplies. Sampling
for inorganic chemicals is required every three years from each
sampling point for groundwater supplies and every year from
each sampling point for surface water supplies under present
rules.
At present there are 17 regulated inorganic chemicals
(including fluoride, arsenic and cyanide). They are listed at the
end of this section. Asbestos and fluoride are included in this
category but, because their rules are somewhat different,
separate sections for them have been included this booklet.
Public water systems must take inorganic chemicals
samples based on a nine-year cycle called a "compliance cycle,"
and three 3-year periods called "compliance periods." All
public water systems and non-transient, non-community water
systems with groundwater sources must sample annually for
nitrate. Systems with surface water sources must sample
quarterly. All public water supplies, including transient water
supplies, must sample for nitrite at the interval designated by
the state.
For example, a groundwater-based public water system
would have to test for inorganic chemicals sometime in the first
compliance period (January 1, 1993 - December 31, 1995).
This regulation allows public water systems to get waivers for
monitoring (except for nitrate and nitrite, which cannot be
waived). A waiver either eliminates or reduces monitoring. A
public water system with a waiver for inorganic chemicals
would only need to sample once each compliance cycle or once
every nine years beginning January 1,1993. It is the public
water system's responsibility to ask the state for a waiver prior
to January, 1993. It is the state's responsibility to grant the
waiver.
New regulations (called "Phase V") became final in July
1992 and became effective in January 1993 for large systems
with greater than 150 service connections. The regulations
require small public water supply systems (those with less than
150 hookups) to begin monitoring between 1996 and 1998.
They allow a public water system to apply for a waiver after
three monitoring rounds if the new inorganic chemicals are not
detected. Again, a waiver for inorganic chemicals would reduce
sampling to once every nine years.
MCLs
A separate page follows that lists the maximum contaminant
levels for inorganic chemicals.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Continue sampling yearly or every three years for currently
regulated inorganic chemicals.
Make sure newly regulated inorganic chemicals are tested as the
new maximum contaminant levels become effective.
If you exceed any of the MCLs
Monitor quarterly beginning in the first quarter after a
violation.
Notify the state agency and complete Public Notices as
required.
Work with the state agency and/or an engineer to determine
the best way to reduce the level of the contaminant in your
water supply. Consider a variety of options. In addition to a
new treatment process, you may need to consider improving
your present treatment process, mixing your contaminated
supply with .another supply that does not exceed the maximum
contaminant level or obtaining a new source of water.
Request an exemption from the state agency to allow the
community to continue to use the water supply while solutions
to the maximum contaminant level violations are being ex-
plored, and any needed financing is being planned.
Contact resource agencies listed in the back of this booklet for
help in planning and finding financing for your system improve-
ments.
Additional information
The rules for inorganic chemicals are contained in Title 40
Code of Federal Regulations Parts 141.11, 141.23, 141.62.
Your state agency can provide some additional information on
any of the individual inorganic chemicals.
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1 -800-426-4791.
See separate pages of this booklet for information on Asbes-
tos, Fluoride, Lead, and Copper.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
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Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL) for
Inorganic Chemicals
Phsise II
Contaminants
Arsenic
Asbestos
Barium
Cadmium
Chromium
Fluoride
Lead
Mercury
Nitrate (As N)
Nitrite (As N)
Total (nitratc+nitrite)
Selenium
MCL
0.05 mg/1
7 million fibers/1
2 mg/1
0.005 mg/1
0.1 mg/1
4 mg/1
-
0.002 mg/1
10 mg/1
lmg/1
10 mg/1
0.05 mg/1
Phase V
Antimony
Beryllium
Cyanide
Nickel
Thallium
0.006 mg/1
0.004 mg/1
0.2 mg/1
0.1 mg/1
0.002 mg/1
mg/1 = milligrams per liter
fibers/1 = number of fibers per liter
10
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Drinking Water
Non-Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
Background
Synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) are man-made compounds
that are used for a variety of industrial and agricultural
purposes. Adverse health effects from exposure to synthetic
organic chemicals include damage to the nervous system and
kidneys, and cancer risks. Synthetic organic chemicals are
divided into two groups for monitoring purposes, volatile
synthetic organic chemicals (VOCs) and non-volatile synthetic
organic chemicals (which include other industrial chemicals like
pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls). This section
discusses the synthetic organic chemicals that are non-volatile,
in this case, pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).
Volatile organic chemicals are discussed in a separate section.
Also see the section on disinfection by-products.
Does This Apply To My Community?
Yes. All community and non-transient, non-community public
water systems are required to test for pesticides and PCBs
unless they are granted a waiver by the state.
Maximum Contaminant Levels
See the table at the end of this section for a listing of the non-
volatile synthetic organic chemical maximum contaminant
levels.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Cooperate with your state agency to determine the vulnerabil-
ity of your water supply to synthetic organic chemicals. If it is
determined that you are non-vulnerable (pesticides and PCBs
are not around to get in your supply), you will not have to
sample for synthetic organic chemicals during that compliance
period.
If your system is vulnerable, cooperate with your state agency
to get the first round of samples taken. Some states are doing
this for very small systems. Vulnerable systems must sample
quarterly beginning in the first compliance period (January
1993-December 1995) of the first compliance cycle (January
1993-December 2001). If pesticides and PCBs are not detected,
repeat sampling is as follows: two quarterly samples every
three years beginning in the second compliance period (January
1996-December 1998) for systems serving more than 3,300
people; or, one quarterly sample every three years also begin-
ning in the second compliance period for systems serving less
than 3,300 people.
It is the responsibility of the public water supply system to
perform the vulnerability assessment for synthetic organic
chemicals. It is then mailed to the state with a request for a
waiver. If the waiver is granted, no monitoring is required for
that compliance period. The public water supply system must
be granted a waiver before the year that testing is required.
Every compliance period thereafter, the vulnerability assess-
ment must; be updated and a new waiver granted.
If your tests indicate levels of pesticides and PCBs higher than
the maximum contaminant level (averaged over the year), you
are in violation. You should:
Continue quarterly sampling (at times of highest vulnerability,
i.e., after fertilizer application and a rain).
Notify the state agency and complete public notices as
required.
Request an exemption from the state agency to allow the
community to continue to use the water supply while solutions
to the violation are being explored and any needed financing is
being planned.
Work with the state agency and/or your engineer to determine
how pesticides and PCBs are getting into your water supply. If
possible, eliminate the source of contamination.
If you must treat your water supply to remove the pesticides
and PCBs^ work with your engineer to choose the best available
technology for treatment. Filtering through granular activated
carbon is suggested for most synthetic organic chemicals.
Packed tower aeration and polymer addition practices are used
for some.
Changing water sources may be the most economical solution
in situations where alternate sources are available.
Additional Information
A separate page is included that lists the maximum contami-
nant levels for synthetic organic chemicals.
The rules for synthetic organic chemicals are contained in
Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 141.12, 141.24,
141.61.
"Pesticides in Drinking Water Wells," EPA. (Agricultural
Extension Service offices also have useful pamphlets on.
pesticides).
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1-800-426-4791.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
11
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Maximum Contaminant Levels for
Non-Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs)
Contaminant MCL
Alachlor
Atrazine
Carbofuran
Chlordane
2,4-D
Hcptachlor
Hcptachlor Epoxide
Lindanc
Mcthoxychlor
PCBs
Pcntachlorophenol
Toxaphcne
2,4,S-TP(SILVEX)
Acrylamide
Epichlorohydrin
Endrin
Dalapon
Diquat
Endothall
Glyphosaie
Di (Ethylhexyl) Adipate
2,3,7,8-TCDD (Dioxin)
Hcxachlorocyclopentadiene
Oxamyl (Vydate)
Simazine
Styrcnc
PAHs [Bcnzo(a)pyrene]
Hcxachlorobcnzene
Di(cthylhexyl) Phathalate
Picloram
Dinoscb
0.002 mg/1
0.003 mg/1
0.04 mg/I
0.002 mg/1
0.07 mg/1
0.0004 mg
0.0002 mg/1
0.0002 mg/1
0.04 mg/1
0.0005 mg/1
0.001 mg/1
0.003 mg/1
0.05 mg/1
Treatment Technique*
Treatment Technique*
0.002 mg/1
0.2 mg/1
0.02 mg/1
0.1 mg/l
0.7 mg/1
0.4 mg/1
3 x 10-8 mg/1
0.05 mg/
0.2 mg/1
0.004 mg/I
Treatment Technique*
0.0002 mg/1
0.001 mg/1
0.005 mg/1
0.5 mg/1
0.007 mg/1
* A treatment technique is established instead of a maximum
contaminant level.
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Drinking Water
Volatile Organic Chemicals
Background
Volatile Synthetic Organic Chemicals (VOCs) are man-made
compounds used for a variety of industrial and manufacturing
purposes. Among the most common Volatile Organic Chemi-
cals are those chemicals used as solvents, degreasers, fumigants,
and dry cleaning chemicals. Volatile organic chemicals have
various effects on the liver, kidneys, nervous system and some
may pose a cancer risk to humans.
Do The Volatile Organic Chemicals Regulations Apply To
My Community?
Yes, at present, there are 21 regulated volatile organic chemi-
cals (see list on following page) that must be monitored by
small water systems (defined as less than 150 service connec-
tions).
Your community water system must monitor for regulated
volatile organic chemicals in their water supply. If these
chemicals are not detected, your system must monitor again
beginning in 1993. If volatile organic chemicals are detected,
monitoring must be done quarterly.
Timetable
A special timetable has been developed for these regulations,
and it is divided into "compliance periods." Initial monitoring
begins in the 1993-1995 compliance period for all community
water systems and non-transient, non-community water
systems. During this time, one sample will have to be taken
every three months for one year. Your state will designate
either 1993,1994, or 1995 as the year when your system will be
required to take samples. If no volatile organic chemicals are
detected in your system during the initial period of sampling,
states can decrease your sampling frequency beginning in the
second compliance period (1996-1998).
Repeat monitoring
If you have a groundwater system, you must take at least one
sample each year at each sampling point.
If you have a surface water system, you must sample annu-
ally.
If certain trigger levels are exceeded, systems may have to
increase monitoring frequency. After three years of sampling
with no detection, sampling at that point may be further reduced
to one sample every three years.
Previously collected data
States may allow sampling data collected between January 1,
1988, and December 31, 1992, to satisfy initial quarterly
sampling requirements. If your system did not detect any
volatile organic chemicals, you must begin annual sampling in
1993.
Waivers
Although you must meet initial sampling requirements, you
may apply for a waiver from repeat sampling requirements.
There are different kinds of waivers depending on whether a
contaminant has been found in your water supply area, or
whether your system is vulnerable to contamination. For more
information, please contact your state or the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Hotline listed at the end of this section.
Adding new contaminants to the list
EPA is required by law to add new contaminants to the list to be
regulated on a regular schedule, so additional volatile organic
chemicals may be added to the list from year to year. This
should not represent much of a change for the very small system
because all testing for volatile organic chemicals is done from
the same water sample, so there would be little additional cost.
Congress has determined that new contaminants to be
monitored will be added to the list in "phases." The newest
phase (Phase V) will include three new volatile organic chemi-
cals. Small systems will not be required to begin monitoring for
these contaminants until the 1996-1998 compliance period.
Maximum contaminant levels
A list of maximum contaminant levels for volatile organic
chemicals can be found at the end of this section.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Complete initial sampling in the year designated by your state.
Apply for a waiver using data from your initial sampling, or
use previously collected data, if applicable.
Conduct a "vulnerability assessment" if your system plans to
apply for a waiver based on the susceptibility of your system to
contamination from volatile organic chemicals.
Let your customers know through a newsletter or poster when
you find out that your water is free of volatile organic chemical
contamination.
If your tests indicate levels of a volatile organic chemicals
higher than -the maximum contaminant level (average over the
year) at any sampling point, you are in violation. You should:
Begin quarterly sampling at that sampling point in the next
calendar quarter.
Continue sampling quarterly until the state determines that
levels are reliably and consistently below the maximum con-
taminant level (MCL).
Take at least four consecutive quarterly samples at sampling
points where levels exceed the maximum contaminant level.
Notify the:state agency and complete public notices as
required.
13
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* Request an exemption from the state agency to allow the
community to continue to use the water supply while solutions
to the violation are being explored and any needed financing is
being planned.
Work with the state agency and/or an engineer to determine
how volatile organic chemicals are getting into your water
supply. If possible, eliminate the source of contamination.
If you must treat your water supply to remove volatile organic
chemicals, work with an engineer or technical consultant to
choose the best available technology for treatment. Filtering
through Granular Activated Carbon and Packed Tower Aeration
arc common treatments for the removal of most volatile organic
chemicals.
Consider changing the source of your water supply as one
option. This may be the most economical solution when
available.
Additional Information
The rules for volatile organic chemicals are contained in Tide
40 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 141.24, 141.61, and
141.62.
Your state agency will be able to provide additional fact sheets
on volatile organic chemicals.
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1-800-426-4791.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
Regulated Volatile Organic Chemicals
Currently In Effect
Phase V
Contaminant
Phase I
MCL: Final
Trichloroelhylene
Carbon Tctrachloridc
Vinyl Chloride
1,2-Dichloroe thane
Benzene
Para-dichlorobenzene
1,1-Dichlorethylene
1,1,1-Trichloroelhane
Phase II
0.005 mg/1
0.005 mg/1
0.002 mg/1
0.005 mg/1
0.005 mg/1
0.075 mg/1
0.007mg/l
0.20mg/l
cis-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.07mg/l
trans-l,2-Dichloroethylene 0.1 mg/1
1,2-Dichloropropane 0.005 mg/1
Ethylbcnzcnc 0.7 mg/1
Chlorobcnzcne 0.1 mg/1
o-Dichlorobenzene 0.6 mg/1
Slyrcnc O.I mg/1
Tetrachloroethylene 0.005 mg/1
Toluene 1.0 mg/1
Xylenes (total) 10 mg/1
Dichloromethane 0.005 mg/1
1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.005 mg/1
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.009mg/l
mg/1 = milligrams per liter
Unregulated Contaminants
List 1: Monitoring Required for AH Systems
Bromobenzene
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
Bromomethane
Chlorodibromomethane
Chloroethane
o-Chlorotoluene
p-Chlorotoluene
Dibromomethane
m-Dichlorobenzene
Dichloromethane
1,1 -Dichloroethane
1,1-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropane
1,3-Dichloropropene
2,2-Dichloropropane
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
List 2: Monitoring Required for "Vulnerable" Systems
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)
l,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP)
List 3: Monitoring Required at the State's Discretion
Bromochloromethane
n-Butylbenzene
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Fluorotrichloromethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
Isopropylbenzene
p-Isopropyltoluene
Napthalene
n-Propylbenzene
sec-Butylbenzene
tert-B utylben zene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene*
1,2,4-Trimethy Ibenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
*To be regulated in Phase V
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Drinking Water
Surface Water Treatment
Background
The Surface Water Treatment Rule requires water treatment in
lieu of water testing because it regulates bacteria and other
microbes which are difficult to detect and pose immediate
health risks. Under this rule, disinfection and filtration are re-
quired for surface water systems and for groundwater systems
under the direct influence of surface water. These systems must
install filtration if the microbiological, turbidity and other stan-
dards in this rule are not met. All surface water systems must
disinfect.
Does The Surface Water Treatment Rule Apply To My
Community?
Yes, it applies to all public water supply systems (community
and non-community) using a surface water source (i.e., water
open to the atmosphere and subject to surface runoff) or a
groundwater source under the direct influence of surface water.
The state defines whether ground water is under the direct
influence of surface water.
Timetable
Compliance timetables under the Surface Water Treatment Rule
are as follows
Surface water systems currently using filtration and
disinfection
1. A new turbidity standard (0.5 ntu) and new disinfection
requirements take effect July 1, 1993.
2. New filtration criteria, disinfection criteria and monitor-
ing and reporting requirements must be met beginning
My 1,1993.
Surface water systems currently using disinfection only
1. Public water systems were required to begin new
monitoring and reporting requirements for unfiltered
systems starting December 30, 1991, and to meet the new
monitoring and reporting requirements by January 1, 1992.
2. States had to determine before December 30,1991,
which systems are required to filter.
3. If filtration is required, it was required to be installed
before June 29,1993, or 18 months after it fails to meet the
avoidance criteria.
4. If the state determined before December 30,1991, that
an unfiltered system must filter, the system was required to
comply with the existing interim turbidity standard until
June 29, 1993, or until filtration is installed, whichever is
later.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Surface water systems currently using no treatment
Surface water systems must disinfect.
If required by the state, surface water sources must be filtered
by the dates in number 4 under Timetable.
Systems using a groundwater source
1. For each system using a groundwater source, the state
must determine whether that source is under the direct
influence of surface water.
2. If the state determines that a public water system is
under the influence of surface water:
The system must begin sampling for the avoidance
criteria within 6 months.
The system must begin meeting the avoidance criteria 18
months after the determination.
Failure to meet the avoidance criteria after 18 months
may result in that public water system having to install
filters.
In some states, if a public water system is deemed to be
"ground water under the influence of surface water," filters
must be installed.
Check with your state concerning its policy regarding
using the avoidance criteria to avoid installing filtration.
In General
Public water supply must be operated by personnel that meet
qualifications specified by the state or EPA. The water pur-
veyor is required to monitor the water system, by sampling and
testing the water, for compliance to the maximum contaminant
levels listed for the public water system category (community,
non-community, etc.).
Treatment must remove or inactivate at least 99.9% of
Giardia lamblia cysts and 99.99% of viruses. All systems must
disinfect, arid might be required to filter if certain water quality
and site-spepific criteria are not met. Criteria must be met for
determining if treatment (turbidity removal, disinfection) is
adequate for filtered systems.
Systems using surface water must send in reports to the state
documenting compliance with treatment and monitoring
requirements.
The EPA and the public water system customers must be
informed of'violations following the public notification require-
ments specified in the regulations. See the Public Notification
section of this book for assistance.
15
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Additional Information
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1-800-426-4791.
The rules for surface water treatment are contained in Title 40
Code of Federal Regulations Part 141.71(b).
EPA's "Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtration
and Disinfection Requirements for Public Water Systems
Using Surface Water," PB-89-207-047, available from the
National Technical Information Service at 800-553-6847.
Contact your stale drinking water agency for additional infor-
mation regarding certain reporting requirements.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
16
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Drinking Water
Fluorides
Background
Fluorides are compounds that contain the element fluorine.
They occur naturally in many water sources and are added in
the treatment process by many public water systems. Fluorides
in small amounts are helpful. (Amounts between 1.0 and 1.5
milligrams per liter have beneficial effects in reducing tooth
decay). However, amounts greater than 2.0 parts per million
can have harmful effects, ranging from discoloration or pitting
of teeth to bone and skeletal damage depending on the level.
Because of these negative effects, EPA has established safety
levels (called "Maximum Contaminant Levels" or "MCLs") for
fluoride, and has issued fluoride regulations for public water
systems.
Does The Fluoride Regulation Apply To My Community?
Yes, all community public water systems must test for fluoride
at every entry point to the distribution system after treatment.
Tests must be made every three years for ground water, and/or
every year for surface water.
Maximum Contaminant Levels
The maximum contaminant level for fluoride is 4.0 milligrams
per liter.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
If your tests indicate fluoride levels between 2.0 and 4.0
milligrams per liter, you should check with your state agency
and/or an engineer to see if any changes in operations can be
made to lower the fluoride level. This is not a maximum
contaminant level violation, and immediate correction is not
required, but planning should be undertaken to reduce levels
below 2.0 milligrams per liter. Some of the options listed below
may be necessary, and the state agency may require more
frequent sampling to monitor the fluoride level. In addition,
you are required to give public notice, including language about
mandatory health effects, if your water has fluoride levels
between 2.0 and 4.0 milligrams per liter.
If your tests indicate fluoride levels above 4.0 milligrams
per liter, you are in violation of the maximum contaminant
level, and you should
Monitor quarterly beginning the first quarter after the viola-
tion.
Contact your state agency. They will assist you to form the
contents of a public notice you are required to give your
customers. (See Public Notification section.)
Work with your state agency and/or an engineer to plan for a
change in your water supply and/or treatment system to lower
the fluoride levels.
Seek help through other resource agencies for help in finding
financial resources, if needed, to make water system changes.
Reduce monitoring to normal frequency if the system is
reliably and consistently below the maximum contaminant
level, as determined by the state. Notify the public periodically,
as required.;
Solutions to fluoride violations for very small water
systems usually involve finding and using a new water source,
or mixing existing sources to reduce the fluoride level. Remov-
ing fluoride through treatment can be cost-prohibitive for very
small systems.
Additional Information
The rule for fluoride is contained in Title 40 Code of Federal
Regulations Parts 141.11, 141.23, 141.62,143.3.
"Removal of Excess Fluoride in Drinking Water," "Fluorida-
tion Engineering Manual," PB82237090/LL, $12750, avail-
able frohi the National Technical Information Service at 1-
800-553.-6847.
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1 -800-426-4791.
Your local dentist or state dental association will have infor-
mation available on the beneficial effects of correct amounts
of fluoride in your drinking water.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
17
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Drinking Water
Lead Material Ban
Background
Lead was used in the past in the manufacture of water supply
pipe, for joints in other pipe materials, as solder for joining
copper pipe, and in the manufacture of water supply fixtures.
Lead has been identified as a cause of nervous system damage
and kidney effects, and it can be highly toxic to infants and the
developing fetus of pregnant women. Lead in plumbing
materials may be leached into the drinking water by corrosive
water.
Does The Lead Material Ban Apply To My Community?
Yes. The use of solder and flux containing more than 0.2
percent lead and the use of pipes containing more than 8.0
percent lead is banned for installation of new plumbing in
customers' facilities that are connected to the public water
supply. The law applies only to plumbing which distributes
drinking water. It does not require the removal of existing lead
pipes or solder. Check with your state for additional informa-
tion.
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)
There is no maximum contaminant level involved in the Lead
Material Ban. See the section on Lead and Copper for addi-
tional information. As discussed above, lead solder and flux
cannot contain more than 0.2 percent lead while pipes cannot
contain more than 8.0 percent lead.
Actions Your Community Should Have Completed
A plumbing materials inventory, in cooperation with your
state agency, of the materials in your distribution system and in
those residences and commercial buildings where samples will
be collected.
A set of tests (under the instructions of your state agency) to
identify the corrosion related factors in your water supply.
A notice about the lead ban and the information on corrosive-
ness for the information of your customers should have been
published by June 19,1988. In some states, a state-wide notice
was published.
You should have considered adopting an ordinance or rule
prohibiting the use of lead materials in any new plumbing that is
connected to your water system. In some cases, a state-wide
plumbing code has met this requirement. If your community
has adopted one of the national plumbing codes, or is part of a
jurisdiction that has adopted a code, these codes have all been
amended to include the lead material ban.
Actions Your Community Should Now Be Taking
Inform customers involved in new construction or the replace-
ment of plumbing that the lead materials ban is in effect for
your water system. Requiring a simple permit and inspection of
new plumbing is one way some communities carry out this
information requirement.
Make information available to your customers on the actions
they can take to reduce lead levels in the water they consume in
their own homes.
If your water supply is very corrosive, contact your state
agency and/or your community's engineer to plan for ways you
can reduce the corrosive impact of your water on any lead in
customers' plumbing.
If you have lead pipe or fixtures in your distribution system,
consider replacement with non-lead materials. Leaded joints in
old cast iron or other pipe is not considered to leach significant
amounts of lead into the water. Replacement is not required by
the Lead Material Ban but may be required for systems that
continue to exceed the lead or copper action levels under the
Lead and Copper Rule.
Additional Information
The statute for the Lead Material Ban is contained in the Safe
Drinking Water Act, Sections 1417(a)(l) & (2), Title 42
United States Code Section 1417 (a)(l) and (2).
"Lead and Your Drinking Water," and "Lead Ban" (EPA 520/
9-89-BBB), EPA, available from the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Hotline.
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1-800-426-4791.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
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Drinking Water
Lead and Copper
Background
The Lead and Copper Rule became effective on December 7,
1992. This rule requires treatment when lead and/or copper in
drinking water exceeds certain levels.
Lead enters drinking water mainly from the corrosion of
household plumbing that contains lead. Since lead and copper
contamination generally occurs after water has left the public
water system, the best way for the water system operator to find
out if customer water is contaminated is to test water that has
come from a household faucet. This type of contamination can
be prevented by controlling the corrosiveness of the water
supply. If corrosion control is not sufficient, lead-containing
materials under the control of the water system (e.g., lead
service lines) may have to be replaced. Water systems are not
required to replace customers' pipes which contain lead.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Water systems should try to supply water that is free of lead and
has no more than 1.3 milligrams per liter of copper. This is a
non-enforceable health goal.
When the concentrations reach an action level of 0.015
milligrams per liter for lead and 1.3 milligrams per liter for
copper in more than ten percent of the total number of required
samples, the water system is required to carry out the water
treatment requirements of the rule. These enforceable treatment
requirements are described in the Water Treatment Require-
ments Section below.
Monitoring Requirements
Leadlcopper monitoring at high risk homes
Water systems must complete a "materials evaluation" of their
distribution system and/or review other information to target
homes that are at high risk of lead/copper (Pb/Cu) contamina-
tion. Monitoring is to be conducted at the tap in these homes,
with the number of tap-sampling sites based on the population
served. One sample is required at each site.
Additional monitoring for other water quality parameters
Monitoring for other parameters affecting water corrosivity is
required to optimize treatment and determine compliance with
state lead/copper standards. The system must perform monitor-
ing under the following conditions: smaller systems serving less
than 50,000 persons, if either action level is exceeded in more
than 10 percent of their tap samples. Two types of sampling
sites are specified for this purpose.
Tap samples within the distribution system, with the number
of sites based on population served (sites may be same as for
coliform sampling). Two tap water samples are required from
each site.
One sample at each entry point to the distribution system.
Timetable
Initially, small and medium systems must collect drinking water
from home taps every six months and analyze them for lead and
copper. Samples for other factors must be taken from laps
every six months and from each entry point into the distribution
system. If the system meets the action levels for lead and
copper for two consecutive monitoring periods, it may reduce
the number of samples, and reduce the sampling frequency to
once per year. If the system continues to meet these levels for
three years, the sampling frequency will be further reduced.
However, if the system exceeds either action level, it must
monitor for the Water Quality Parameters in the same six-month
period it tested for lead and copper, including two samples from
each tap and two samples from each entry point into the
distribution system.
Water Treatment Requirements
Four types of action are required to remedy high lead/copper
levels. Once a system finds that more than 10 percent of all tap
monitoring results exceed one of .the action levels, the system
must begin to carry out the first three actions.
1. Corrosion control treatment. All systems must monitor
for Water Quality Parameters as described above and rec-
ommend a corrosion control treatment to the state. De-
pending ion its size, systems may be required to conduct
corrosion control studies to support the corrosion control
strategy; Upon the approval of the state, treatment is to be
installed and demonstrated to be effective according to
criteria set by the state. Treatment options are pH and
alkalinity adjustment, calcium adjustment, and silica or
phosphate-based corrosion inhibition.
2. Source water treatment. Systems must first monitor
their source water for the presence of lead/copper, and, if
necessary, recommend a treatment to the state. Treatment
options include ion exchange, lime softening, reverse
osmosis'and coagulation/filtration. Once the state approves
a treatment option, systems will have two years to install it
and one more year to conduct follow-up monitoring. If
treatment is not required, or if the treated water does not
exceed the maximum lead/copper levels permitted by the
state, source water monitoring will be synchronized with
the system's other monitoring schedules.
3. Public education. Public education materials developed
along EPA guidelines are designed to inform customers
about the health effects of lead and explain what they can
do at home to reduce their exposure. The system must
begin delivering the materials within 60 days of the lead
action level exceedance. The materials include public
service announcements to be submitted every six months to
television and radio stations, along with other pamphlets to
be delivered directly to customers, newspapers, hospitals,
etc., for as long as the system exceeds the lead action level.
19
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If a system continues to exceed the lead action level
after installing optimal corrosion control and/or source
water treatment, a fourth action must be taken:
4. Lead service line replacement. Lead service lines that
contribute more than 0.015 milligrams of lead per liter to
tap water must be replaced. A system must replace seven
percent of its lead lines each year and must replace all lines
within 15 years, but the state is required to impose a shorter
replacement schedule, it that is feasible.
Additional Information
Call the EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 800-426-4791.
Call the National Drinking Water Clearinghouse: 800-624-
8301.
Call the American Water Works Association Hotline: 800-
366-0107.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
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Drinking Water
Radionuclides
Background
Radionuclides are radioactive particles that occur naturally in .
areas of uranium and radium deposits and in waste from man
made nuclear reactive processes. Radionuclides, even in very
small concentrations, pose a cancer risk.
Does The Radionuclides Regulation Apply To My
Community?
Yes, radionuclides have been regulated since 1976. Maximum
contaminant levels (MCLs) are currently set for four types. All
community public water systems must test for radionuclides
every four years.
Timetable (New rule is scheduled for October 1993)
Proposed regulations were published in June 1991 that added
maximum contaminant levels for two additional radionuclides
(Radon and Uranium). EPA proposes to regulate Radium 226
and Radium 228 as separate contaminants (currently, they are
combined) and to raise the maximum contaminant level. EPA
also proposes to set a low level for Radon because it is easily
removed by aeration. Final new rules may be published in late
1993. Systems will begin to monitor under the new radionu-
clides rules in 1996. Until then, continue to monitor under the
old rules.
Maximum Contaminant Levels
The following are current maximum contaminant levels for
radionuclides and the levels that are proposed. The units of
measure are peculiar to radioactivity and represent very small
quantities.
Gross Alpha Particle Activity
Beta Particle & Photon Activity
Combined Radium 226 & 228
Radium 226
Radium 228
Uranium
Current
MCL
15 pCi/l
4mrem ede'/yr.
5 pCi/l
-
-
-
Proposed
MCL
15 pCi/l
4 mrem ede/yr.
-
20 pCi/l
20 pCi/l
20 ug/l
ede = effective dose equivalent
pCi/l = picocuries per liter
mrem = milli rem
ug/l = milligrams per liter
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Submit samples as required for routine testing. The monitoring
process requires one sample every three months for one year
(four samples in total). Unless test results indicate radionuclide
values above or near the maximum contaminant level, the test is
repeated only every four years. Mark your calendar a few
months prior to the four year time limit to remind yourself to
test.
NOTE: A new final rule is scheduled to be published in
October, 199,3. This may change some of the monitoring
requirements and the basis upon which compliance is
determined beginning in the January, 1996, compliance period.
Compliance with the MCL is based on an average of the
four quarterly samples.
If your tests indicate levels of radionuclides higher than the
maximum contaminant level, you should:
Ask the state agency if you should resample to confirm the test
results. The state may also require you to continue quarterly
sampling until the maximum contaminant level is met.
Follow your state agency's instructions regarding when and
what type of public notice you need to give.
Request an exemption from the state agency to allow the
community to continue to use the water supply while solutions
to the maximum contaminant level violation are being explored
and any needed financing is being planned.
Start working with your slate agency and/or engineer to
consider options to eliminate the radionuclides from your
system. In nearly all very small .community water systems,
finding a different source of water supply is the most economi-
cal solution to a radionuclide problem. Radon can be removed
with aeration or granular activated charcoal. Any treatment
may produce radioactive wastes that will be difficult to dispose
of.
Rememberjthat exposure to radionuclides at levels found in
water is a risk over long term exposure. It is not an acute risk
for short periods of time. Don't panic. Work out a reasonable
and affordable solution to your drinking water supply.
Additional Information
The rule for radionuclides is contained in Title 40 Code of
Federal Regulations Parts 141.16, 141.23,141.62.
"A S tudy of Possible Economical Ways of Removing Radium
From Drinking Water" is available from EPA by calling the
Safe Dripking Water Hotline at: 1 -800-426-4791.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
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Drinking Water
Asbestos
Background
Although asbestos is a mineral fiber that occurs naturally, it can
be extremely dangerous. Inhaled asbestos fibers have been
associated with increased risk of cancer in humans, and asbestos
fibers ingested through drinking water are suspected as a cancer
causing agent. Over the past years, asbestos has been used in
Ihc manufacture of a number of products used in the construc-
tion industry, and it occurs naturally in some water supplies.
Asbestos may also enter the water in the distribution system as a
result of corrosive action on asbestos cement water pipes.
Do The Asbestos Regulations Apply To My Community?
Yes, if your community provides drinking water or it is pro-
vided by a non-transient, non-community public water supply
(c,g. school, business), the asbestos regulations apply to you. If
your state agency has a waiver program, an assessment may be
performed on your system to see if you have an asbestos ,
problem. A water utility or its consultant can usually perform
this assessment and submit the results to the state. If asbestos is
not likely to occur in your water source, and/or you do not have
asbestos cement pipe, your system may be granted a waiver and
you will not have to monitor for asbestos. If your system does
have asbestos cement pipe but your water is non-corrosive, you
may also be eligible for a waiver. Without a waiver you will
have to monitor for asbestos once every nine years.
Maximum Contaminant Levels
The maximum contaminant level for asbestos is 7 million
fibers/liter (longer than 10 micrometers). You will know
whether your system has contaminant levels this high by
sampling your water and having it tested.
Timetable
In order to find out whether your system is vulnerable, and for
details on sampling procedures, contact your state agency. If
your public water system is vulnerable for asbestos in the water,
you will have to take one sample within the first compliance
period of each nine-year compliance cycle. The first compli-
ance period is between January 1,1993 and December 31,1995.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Cooperate with the state by performing initial monitoring,
applying for a waiver, and/or performing a vulnerability
assessment. If your system is suspected of having asbestos in
the source water only, test at the entry point to the distribution
system. If your distribution system contains asbestos cement
water pipes, samples should be taken at the tap. If your system
is vulnerable from both the source water and the pipes, then test
at the tap served by asbestos cement pipe and under conditions
where asbestos contamination is likely to occur.
If your tests indicate levels of asbestos higher than the
maximum contaminant level, you are in violation of the
maximum contaminant level standards. You should
Test quarterly, beginning in the next quarter.
Notify the state agency and complete Public Notices as
required.
Work with the state agency and/or an engineer to determine if
asbestos is in your source water and/or is being leached from
your asbestos cement pipe. Plan a corrective action program.
If asbestos is in your water source, it may be removed with a
special process (coagulation/filtration or direct and diatomite
filtration). Corrosion control is used to reduce leaching of
fibers from asbestos cement pipe.
f Other important considerations
If there is asbestos cement pipe in your system, you may need to
provide for corrosion control. More importantly, you may need
to plan for repairing asbestos cement pipe in the future, because
maintenance workers who come into contact with it may be at
risk. Inhaling the dust (fibers) from cutting the pipe is particu-
larly hazardous. The Occupational Safety and Health Admini-
stration of the Department of Labor has published rules con-
cerning occupational exposure to asbestos. If you work with
asbestos cement pipe in your community, contact your State
Department of Labor for information on these rules.
Additional Information
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline 1-800-426-4791.
The rules for Asbestos are contained in title 40 Code of
Federal Regulations Part 141.23(b), 141.62(b)(2).
The rules of the Occupational Safety and Health Administra-
tion on Occupations Exposure to Asbestos are contained in
Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 1910 and 1926.
Your state agency may be able to provide additional fact
sheets on asbestos.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
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Drinking Water
Public Notification
Background
The Safe Drinking Water Act requires that public drinking
water systems notify their customers when drinking water
standards are violated. The purpose of public notification is to
inform consumers of any potential adverse health effects, and to
tell them what steps they can take to minimize the impact. It
should also educate the consumer about the responsibility of the
public water system to assure the delivery of safe drinking
water.
Do The Public Notification Rules Apply To My
Community?
Yes, the Safe Drinking Water Act requires owners (or opera-
tors) of all public drinking water systems to notify the persons
they serve, if certain violations of the National Primary Drink-
ing Water regulations or certain other specified events occur.
Timetable
Public notification rules are now in effect for all contaminants
that your community is required to monitor. As new contami-
nants are regulated and monitoring is required in your commu-
nity, you are also required to give public notification when vio-
lations occur. This information describes the federal public
notification rules. Your state may add requirements for your
area.
Types Of Violations Requiring Public Notification
There are six violations or events that require public
notification.
Tierl
1. Failure to comply with an applicable maximum con-
taminant level (MCL).
2. Failure to comply with a prescribed treatment technique.
3. Failure to comply with the requirements of any treat-
ment or monitoring schedule that has been set under a
variance or exemption.
Tier 2
4. Failure to perform water quality monitoring (testing) as
required by the regulations.
5. Failure to comply with testing procedures as prescribed
by a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation.
6. Issuance of a variance or an exemption.
Notification Procedures
The method, timing and frequency of notifying the public varies
based on the "level" of the violation and the availability of the
public communication media. There are two "levels" of
violation.
Tier 1 violations are subdivided into "acute" and "non-
acute" violations. "Acute" risks are those that involve an
immediate risk to human health. These are violations specified
by the state agency and presently must include violations of the
maximum contaminant level for nitrate and/or nitrite, violations
of the maximum contaminant level for total coliforms when
fecal coliforms or E. coli are present, and occurrences of a
waterborne disease outbreak in an unfiltered surface water
system.
Tier 2 violations are less serious and have simpler
notification requirements. They include numbers 4, 5, and 6
listed under Types of Violations Requiring Public Notification,
namely: failure to comply with monitoring requirements;
failure to comply with testing procedures; and, operating under
a variance orexemption.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
If you are informed of test results that indicate you are in
violation of a maximum contaminant level or another violation,
immediately contact your state agency and notify them of the
violation and ask their direction in proceeding with public
notification. (Note: the state agency may declare a sample
invalid or require a check sample before confirming a violation
and, thereby, ask you to delay public notification.)
Methods Of Notification For Communities With A
Newspaper
In communities with a daily (or weekly, only if daily not
available) neyvspaper of general circulation (received by most
households) in the community, the owner or operator of the
system must:
Tier 1 violations
1. Provide notice within 14 days of the violation through
the newspaper, AND
2. Provide notice by direct mail or hand delivery within 45
days of the violation. Repeat this notice every three
months aS long as the violation continues, AND
3. For ACUTE VIOLATIONS ONLY - Deliver notice to
the principal television and radio station(s) serving the area
within 72 hours following the violation. Acute violations
include violations posing acute risks to human health
including violations of the maximum contaminant level for
total coliform when fecal coliform or E. coli bacteria are
present; MCL violations for nitrate and nitrite; and,
waterborne disease outbreaks.
23
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Tier 2 violations
1. Provide notice within three months of the violation
through the newspaper, AND
2. Provide notice by mail or hand delivery within three
months of the initial notice. Repeat this notice every three
months as long as the violation continues.
Methods Of Notification For Communities Without A
Newspaper
Tier 1 violations
1. For ACUTE VIOLATIONS ONLY - Provide notice by
hand delivery or by posting within 72 hours of the viola-
tion, AND
2. For non-acute violations - Provide notice by hand
delivery or by posting within 14 days of the violation, AND
3. Repeat the notice by hand delivery every three months
or by continuous posting for the duration of the violation.
Tier 2 violations
1. Provide notice by hand delivery or by posting within
three months of the violation.
2. Repeat the notice by hand delivery every three months
or by continuous posting for the duration of the violation.
Information That Must Be Included In The Public Notice
1. Must provide a clear and readily understandable
explanation of the violation.
2. Must include information about any potential adverse
health effects, including use of mandatory public health
language, found in Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations
Parl41.32(e).
3. Must contain information about the population at risk.
4. Must contain information about the steps being taken to
correct the problem.
5. Must contain information about the necessity of seeking
alternative water supplies, if any.
6. Must include any preventive measures that should be
taken until the violation is corrected.
7. Must be clear and conspicuous.
8. Must not contain unduly technical language.
9. Must not contain unduly small print.
10. Must not create problems that frustrate the purpose of
the public notification.
11. Must include a phone number of the owner, operator, or
someone to contact at the public water system as a source of
additional information.
12. Where appropriate, notices must be multi-lingual.
Notice Contents
This is a checkoff list to make sure your notice is properly
prepared. When all appropriate items have been checked, your
notice should meet the requirements established for General
Public Notification.
Make sure that the notice provides a clear and readily
understandable explanation of the following points
The violation.
The potential adverse health effects (mandatory health effects
language).
The population affected.
The steps the system is taking to correct the violation.
The necessity of seeking alternative water supplies (if any).
The preventive measures the consumer should take until the
violation is corrected.
Make sure the notice
Is clear and conspicuous in design.
Contains non-technical language.
Uses print that is easily read.
Content creates no problems that would frustrate the purpose
of public notification.
Contains the telephone number of the owner, operator, or
designee of the public water system as a source of additional
information.
Contains multi-lingual information, where appropriate.
Additional Information
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1-800-426-4791.
The rules for Public Notification are contained in Title 40
Code of Federal Regulations Parts 141,142, and 143.
"General Public Notification for Public Water Systems,"
EPA, available by calling the EPA Safe Drinking Water
Hotline at: 1-800-426-4791.
(See Resource Section for drinking water contacts)
24
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Drinking Water
Regulatory Development Schedule
Background
An important part of planning is knowing the specific regula-
tions that will affect your particular community and its public
water system(s), and further, knowing when these regulations
will be in effect and enforced in your community. Following is
a list of drinking water regulations and their effective dates.
Rule
Status
Effective
Fluoride
Lead Ban
Phase I Volatile Organics
Public Notification
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Phase II Inorganic Chemicals
and Synthetic Organic
Chemicals
Lead/Copper
Phase V Inorganic Chemicals
and Synthetic Organic
Chemicals
Radionuclides (Phase III)
Disinfection/Disinfection
By-Products
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
Final
To Be Final
10/87
06/86
01/89
04/89
12/90
12/90
07/92
01/92
01/94
1993
To Be Proposed 1993
Some effective dates are phased-in by system size.
EPA rules are generally effective 18 months after being
finalized.
For additional information call the EPA Safe Drinking Water
Hotline: 1-800-426-4791.
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Wastewater
Pretreatment Requirements
Background
"Pretreatment" refers to measures industry takes to prevent
toxic pollutants from sources other than domestic wastewater
from entering the wastewater system. Pretreatment is the
treatment of a waste before it is discharged into the sanitary
sewer. A pretreatment program includes ordinances, education,
permits, inspections, monitoring and enforcement.
Pretreatment requirements control pollutants which are
incompatible or will interfere with the treatment process, or that
will pass through the treatment plant and cause problems in the
receiving stream or lake. In addition, pretreatment requirements
will improve opportunities to recycle and reclaim domestic and
industrial wastewaters and sludges.
Do The Pretreatment Requirements Apply To My
Community?
If tiic community has non-domestic users (for example, food
processing plants or metal finishers) discharging pollutants that
could pass through your treatment plant untreated or interfere
with operations, you may have to implement a pretreatment
program to satisfy its National Pollution Discharge Elimination
Permit (NPDES) requirements. See the National Pollution
Discharge Elimination System section in this book for more
information on this topic.
Your current NPDES permit may contain requirements for
you to regulate non-domestic discharges into your collection
system. These pretreatment requirements are designed to
ensure that you protect your treatment plant, receiving stream,
and municipal sludge quality.
If The Rule Applies To My Community, What Should I Do?
If you arc required to establish a pretreatment program, you will
need to establish local ordinances and other procedures to carry
out the pretreatment requirements, as well as identify personnel
responsible for ensuring the program is administered and
enforced.
You must develop pollutant-specific limitations for local
publicly-owned wastewater treatment works to protect human
health and safety, receiving water quality, sludge quality and the
operation of the treatment works.
If your community wants to establish a local pretreatment
program, even though it is not required to do so through your
National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit,
contact your state agency or EPA for assistance.
If you suspect a problem is caused by a non-domestic
wastewater contributor, notify your treatment works operator,
county sanitarian, department of state government responsible
for wastewater discharge permits and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency.
Additional Information
General Pretreatment Regulations, Title 40 Code of Federal
Regulations Part 403.
Industry-Specific Pretreatment Standards, Title 40 Code of
Federal Regulations Parts 405-471.
Environmental Regulations and TechnologyThe National
Pretreatment Program EPA/625/10-86/005
(seepages 111-112).
Your state agency or U.S. EPA will be able to provide
additional details.
(See Resource Section for wastewater contacts)
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Wastewater
Secondary Treatment Of Municipal Wastewater
Background
Secondary treatment is a technology-based standard and is the
minimum treatment requirement for most publicly-owned
wastewater treatment plants. Secondary treatment means:
treatment beyond the settling of solids, removal of 85% of the
conventional pollutants (materials which deplete oxygen from
the water: biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids),
and to achieve acidity control (pH).
Does The Secondary Treatment Regulation Apply To My
Community?
Yes, all treatment facilities that discharge to waters of the
United States must comply. Beneficial uses of the receiving
waters may necessitate that higher quality effluent be dis-
charged. In this instance, some communities elect technologies
with no discharge (such as seepage lagoons) due to the higher
cost of advanced treatment.
The control limit is generally expressed as: "not to
exceed" 30 milligrams per liter (mg/1) of biochemical oxygen
demand and 30 mg/1 suspended solids over a 30-day average
(45 mg/1 over a 7-day average); and, acidity control of not
below 6 or above 9. (Note: averages must be in consecutive
days) At a minimum, the treatment process must be a
stabilization pond.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
If your wastewater treatment plant discharges to waters of the
United States (such as streams, lakes, wetlands, etc.), it is
required to have a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit. For information on where to obtain a
permit, contact your county sanitarian or your regional or state
agency responsible for water quality. States may have slightly
different names for their permit programs. The permit will
specify effluent (liquid that comes out of a treatment plant after
completion of the treatment process) limitations and monitoring
requirements.
Like other violations of the Clean Water Act, if your
treatment works cannot meet the effluent limitations specified
in the permit, you may be subject to an enforcement action. In
addition, it may be necessary to upgrade the treatment facility,
review operational improvements, and/or improve the sewer
collection system to correct excess inflow/infiltration problems.
Additional Information
Secondary Treatment Regulations, Title 40 Code of Federal
Regulations Part 133.
"Needs Survey Report to Congress," EPA, November
1991.
"Overview of Selected EPA Regulations and Guidance Af-
fecting POTW Management," EPA, September, 1989.
(See Resource Section for wastewater contacts)
27
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Wastewater
Additional Information
Sewage Sludge Use And Disposal
Background
Sewage sludge is a by-product of the municipal wastewater
treatment process. Federal regulations ensure that sewage
sludge is handled properly and is of sufficient quality either for
use as a (1) soil conditioner or fertilizer or (2) for disposal in a
landfill, other surface disposal site or incinerator. For example,
many small towns use it as a fertilizer for parks, golf courses,
etc. Monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting are required
under the sludge regulation.
Do The Sewage Sludge Regulations Apply To My
Community?
Yes, if the wastewater treatment system includes any form of
central wastewater treatment or mechanical plant, including a
lagoon, which produces a sludge that is either periodically
removed or remains on-site for more than two years.
Timetable
Final regulations for the use and disposal of sewage sludge
became effective March 29,1993. If you can meet the require-
ments of the sewage sludge regulation without construction of
new pollution control facilities, you must do this by February
1994. However, if construction is required, you will have until
February 19,1995 to comply.
Permits will be issued over time to certain facilities
involved in the generation, treatment and disposal of sewage
sludge. Farmers, homeowners and other land appliers who do
not treat the sewage sludge are generally not required to apply
for permits. Other facilities with National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES) permits must apply at the time of
tlieir next permit renewal. Finally, other facilities without
NPDES permits must submit limited data by February 19,1994,
and full permit applications when requested.
For specific permitting information, contact the Water
Division in your U. S. EPA Regional Office (see Resource
Section at the back of this book).
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Be aware of restrictions covering: proper use of the sewage
sludge if land applied (both agricultural and non-agricultural);
distribution for land application; and, disposal restrictions
(landfilling, incineration, and surface disposal). Contaminated
sludge or poor disposal practices can pose a threat to public
health and the environment and are subject to enforcement
action.
Sewage Sludge Program Regulations are contained in Title 40
Code of Federal Regulations Parts 122,123, and 501.
Technical regulations for sewage sludge use and disposal are
set out in Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 258 and
503.
EPA's Municipal Sludge Management Policy, June 12,1984.
Interagency Policy on Beneficial Use of Municipal Sewage
Sludge on Federal Lands, July 18, 1991.
"Environmental Regulations and Technologies-Control of
Pathogens in Municipal Wastewater Sludge," September 1989.
"Suggested Guidelines for the Disposal of Drinking Water
Treatment Wastes Containing Naturally Occurring Radionu-
clides," U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Drinking Water, July 1990.
"Guide to Soil Suitability and Site Selection for Beneficial
Use of Sewage Sludge," Manual 8, Oregon State University
Extension Services/U.S. EPA (Less than five copies are
FREE of charge.)
Further information may be obtained by contacting the
Water Division in your U.S. EPA Regional Office.
(See Resource Section for wastewater contacts)
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Wastewater
National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES)
Background
Public Law 92-500 amended the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act in 1972 (later amended and renamed the Clean
Water Act). It established a national objective to restore and
maintain the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the
nation's waters. Public Law 92-500 also prohibited the dis-
charge of pollutants from point sources (any single identifiable
source of pollution e.g. a pipe, ditch, ship, etc.) to waters of the
United States except in compliance with a National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit.
The U.S. EPA or approved state environmental control
agencies have responsibility for administering these permits.
They are issued to operators discharging any pollutant (includ-
ing wastewater effluent or discharge) from point sources,
including municipal sewage treatment plants, to surface waters
(for example, streams, lakes, wetlands, etc.) Permits contain
both technology-based and water quality-based effluent
limitations.
Specific terms and conditions of a permit vary from
facility to facility, but each authorized state administers the
program to meet minimum EPA standards. Permit requirements
within a given state may also vary because of different hydro-
logical conditions, uses of the receiving water and other local
factors at the discharge site.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Maximize community awareness and education concerning
wastewater collection and disposal, available wastewater
treatment alternatives and funding sources. Numerous technical
and administrative resources are available at little or no cost to
the community. Information, technical and training assistance
is available to small communities through the National Small
Flows Clearinghouse and the National Environmental Training
Center for Small Communities. (See Additional Information at
the end of this section.) Your state agency may be able to
provide additional information.
Historically, state and federal wastewater regulations have
encouraged metropolitan models to be used as a design guide
for rural community systems. This has significantly advanced
industry technology, but, according to the 1978 Controller
General Report to Congress, millions (billions by 1990) of state
and federal dollars have been spent unnecessarily in rural
America on wastewater treatment. Thus, Congress
implemented phase-out funding for the EPA Wastewater Con-
struction Grant Program, beginning October 1, 1990.
Reduced levels of funding for wastewater collection and
disposal means rural communities and their technical consult-
ants must identify appropriate technology resources to substan-
tially reduce capital project costs and operating expenses, if
wastewater collection and disposal is to be affordable and effec-
tive in rural America.
Communities should be aware that penalties of up to
$25,000 per day per violation can be assessed for violation of
the Clean Water Act. The Clean Water Act also allows for
citizens to independently enforce its requirements in federal
court by filing notice of intent to sue with the EPA
Administrator 60 days prior to filing a complaint.
Additional Information
Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (Title 33
United States Code Section 1251) as amended.
EPA Administered Permit Programs: The National Pollut-
ant Discharge Elimination System, Title 40 Code of
Federal Regulations Parts 122, 123, 124 and 125.
Small Wastewater Systems - Alternative Systems for Small
Communities and Rural Areas, EPA National Small Flows
Clearinghouse, 1-800-624-8301.
"It's Your Choice - A Guidebook for Local Officials on
Small Community Wastewater Management Options,"
EPA National Small Flows Clearinghouse," 1-800-624-
8301.
"Self-Help Handbook," Jane Schautz, Rensselaerville, NY
12142, :518-797-3783.
"Community Managed Septic Systems - A Viable Alterna-
tive to Sewage Treatment Plants," Controller General
Report to the Congress of the United States, CED 78-168,
11/3/78,
"Design Manual - Constructed Wetlands and Aquatic Plant
Systems for Municipal Wastewater Treatment," Center for
Environmental Research Information, Cincinnati, OH
45268, EPA/625/1-88/022.
(See Resource Section for wastewater contacts)
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Wastewater
Storm Water
Background
Storm water runoff flows over parkings lots and other areas,
collects in street gutters and storm drains, and can eventually
flow to water bodies with little or no treatment. Dumping used
motor oil, unused paint, pesticides and other household chemi-
cals on the ground or in the street can severely impact nearby
surface water.
As part of the Clean Water Act Amendments of 1987,
Congress acted to directly address the environmental impact of
storm water by adding section 402(p) which required the estab-
lishment of a comprehensive two-phased approach to control
storm water discharges. In response, EPA issued permit
application regulations for Phase I storm water discharges on
November 16,1990. The regulation established the scope of
the Phase I storm water program as: discharges associated with
industrial activity; and, discharges from large (serving a
population over 250,000) and medium (serving a population
over 100,000) municipal separate storm water systems. The
regulation established a two-part permit application procedure
for large and medium municipal separate storm water systems.
This required among other things municipal applicants to
propose storm water best management programs(BMPs) and to
effectively prohibit non-storm water discharges to municipal
separate storm water systems.
The Phase I regulation addresses storm water discharges
associated with 11 categories of industrial facilities. The
regulation provided three different options for industrial storm
water discharges to seek coverage under the program, including
individual, group and general permit applications. Since
November, 1990, there has been a great deal of activity as EPA
and states have worked with the regulated community to
implement the program.
Phase II of the storm water program will regulate all
storm water discharges not addressed under Phase I. EPA is
required to issue these regulations for Phase II not later than
October 1,1993, with implementation to begin on October 1,
1994.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Find out if the landfill, airport, power plant, construction
activity, or other facilities owned or operated by your
community need permits. The state or EPA contacts will be
able to assist you in determining which facilities need permits
and how to apply for them. Questions concerning coverage of
the storm water program should be addressed to the EPA Storm
Water Hotline (see Additional Information at the end of this
section).
Develop an information and education program for
community residents to increase awareness of the relation
between the storm sewer system and local lakes, streams, rivers,
estuaries or other water bodies.
You should also consider establishing local ordinances
controlling the improper disposal or discharge of pollutants to
the municipal storm water drain system.
Finally, educate citizens so they can play a role in
improving the quality of the streams and lakes in your area.
Classes of facilities that may discharge storm water associated
with industrial activity include:
Hazardous waste treatment, storage or disposal facilities.
Landfills, land application sites and open dumps that receive
industrial wastes.
Recycling facilities, including metal scrap yards, battery
reclaimers, salvage yards and automobile junkyards (classified
as SIC codes 5015 and 5093 only).
Steam electric power generating facilities (including coal
handling sites).
Transportation facilities classified as SIC Codes 40,41,42,
44, and 45 (including vehicle maintenance, equipment
cleaning and airport deicing areas).
Additional Information
(See Resource Section for water contacts)
EPA Storm Water Hotline: 703-821-4823.
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Water And Wetlands Protection
Background
The United States has lost over half its original wetlands. These
areas provide important habitats, flood and storm protection and
water quality benefits. It is extremely important to protect,
restore and maintain the chemical, physical and biological
integrity of our waters and wetlands to ensure that we do not
lose the benefits these resources provide. Congress has recog-
nized this, and has passed a number of laws to protect U. S.
waters and wetlands. U.S. waters include lakes, streams, rivers,
wetlands, and coastal waters. Wetlands include saturated or
flooded areas where there is a prevalence of aquatic or hydro-
phytic plants (those that grow in, or are adapted to, water; or
that require a very wet environment). Many of these plants can
be found in swamps, marshes, bogs and other similar areas.
Because of the Congressional mandate to protect waters
and wetlands, many activities that affect these areas could
require a regulatory review before the activity begins. Water
and wetlands protection regulations have been developed by a
number of different Federal agencies, including EPA, the U. S.
Army Corps of Engineers, the National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
the Soil Conservation Service in the U. S. Department of
Agriculture.
Many state agencies also have water and wetlands
protection regulations, including State Departments of Environ-
mental Quality, Health, Conservation, Transportation and
Agriculture.
It is extremely important that local officials become
familiar with these regulations, because violation of these and
related environmental protection laws can cause environmental
damage, flooding of nearby areas as well as involve penalties,
including fines, requirements to restore the area, and/or impris-
onment for intentional violations. Information on EPA's Water
regulations is contained in the Additional Information section.
Many local governments may wish to assist their citizens,
especially those seeking local construction permits or zoning
approval, to determine whether, in addition to local approval,
state or federal authorization is required.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Check before you act! The three federal agencies most fre-
quently involved are:
U.S. Department of Defense, Army Corps of Engineers
U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Contact each of these agencies before you start any
activities that might affect the chemical, physical, or biological
health of any U.S. waters or wetlands.
Additional Information
EPA has provided grants to local governments interested in
identifying and assisting in the protection of wetlands. For
further information please contact the Wetlands Protection
Hotline at 1-800-832-7828. Hours: 9:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.,
eastern time, Monday through Friday, except for holidays.
Water arid Wetlands Protection Laws
Clean Water Act (Title 33 United States Code Sections
1251-1376).
National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 [Title 42
United States Code Section 4321-4370(c)].
Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act of 1934, amended
1946, 1958,1977 (Title 16 United States Code Sections
661-6676).
Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, Section 10 (Hazardous
Waste). ;
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972,
as amended (Title 33 United States Code Sections 1401-
1445).
Coastal Zone Management Reauthorization Act of 1990
(Title 16|United States Code Sections 1451-1464).
Endangered Species Act of 1973 (Title 16 United States
Code Sections 1531-1544).
Marine Plastics Pollution Research and Control Act of
1987 (Title 33 United States Code Sections 1901-1912).
Executive Order 11990, May 25, 1977, pages 26961-
26965.
Section 404 (b)(l) Guidelines for Specification of Disposal
Sites for Dredged or Fill Material (Title 40 Code of
Federal Regulations Part 230).
Shore Protection Act
Ocean Dumping Ban Act
(See Resource Section for wetlands contacts)
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Hazardous Waste Disposal
Background
Many waste materials can be dangerous to human health and
the environment if they are not properly treated, stored, trans-
ported, disposed of or otherwise managed. "Hazardous" wastes,
as defined by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, can
pose fire hazards, are highly reactive, corrosive or explosive
and/or can result in exposure to toxic chemicals resulting in
sickness or injury.
In 1976, Congress enacted a law to make sure that
hazardous waste is properly managed from the time it is created
to the time it is disposed of, or destroyed. This law is called the
"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)," and it
establishes a set of rules for dealing with hazardous and non-
hazardous wastes. These rules (called RCRA requirements)
define which hazardous wastes are subject to regulation. They
also identify responsibilities for anyone who generates, trans-
ports, stores, treats, disposes of or otherwise manages them.
Hazardous wastes can be generated through many
activities, including those of governments, businesses, schools,
hospitals, maintenance facilities and airports. People that
generate hazardous wastes are called "hazardous waste genera-
tors." Households also generate hazardous waste, but, at this
time, waste generated by individual households is not subject to
RCRA waste requirements.
Categories of hazardous waste generators
Large Quantity Generator - Facilities that generate more than
1,000 kilograms (five 55 gallon drums) per month of any
hazardous waste or more than one kilogram of any "acute"
hazardous waste. (A kilogram is approximately 2.2 pounds).
Large Quantity Generators are subject to all RCRA require-
ments.
* Small Quantity Generator - A small quantity generator is
anyone who generates less than 1000 kilograms (five 55 gallon
drums) per month of hazardous waste. There are two types of
small quantity generators: those that generate between 100-
1000 kilograms per month of hazardous waste (100 kilograms is
approximately one half of a 55-gallon drum); and, conditionally
exempt small quantity generators that generate under 100
kilograms per month. Small Quantity Generators may generally
accumulate their hazardous waste on-site for up to 180 days,
and may not accumulate more than 6,000 kilograms on-site at
any one time. Small Quantity Generators that store waste on-
site must also comply with some technical requirements,
although they are not as stringent as those for large quantity
. generators.
Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator - Facilities
that generate no more than 100 kilograms a month of any
hazardous waste are conditionally exempt from the RCRA
regulations. Conditionally exempt small quantity generators
must still: (1) identify the waste to determine if it is hazardous,
and (2) treat or dispose of the waste in either a recycling facility
or permitted hazardous waste facility, and 3) not accumulate
more than 1000 kilograms of hazardous waste at any given
time.
NOTE: some states regulate all generators of hazardous waste
(i.e., there is no "exempt" category) and some states classify
generators by waste type, rather than by volume.
Does The RCRA Program Apply To My Community?
Yes. You need to know how to identify hazardous waste, and
how to treat or dispose of it. In addition, some types of hazard-
ous waste may be generated by your municipal facility opera-
tions themselves.
Because hazardous waste includes things like solvents,
corrosives and materials containing heavy metals like chrome,
cadmium, and lead, vehicle maintenance shops often generate
hazardous waste that may be subject to RCRA requirements.
Any discarded material must be evaluated to determine if it has
been listed by EPA as hazardous waste, and whether it can
cause explosions, fires, corrosive destruction of materials,
chemical reactions and/or can result in exposure to toxic
chemicals resulting in sickness or injury.
In addition to used materials which might be considered
hazardous waste, you must also be careful with your manage-
ment of products that you wish to discard. Leftover pesticides
from grounds-keeping operations, old paint thinner, etc., must
be fully evaluated before you determine what you are going to
do with it. EPA has identified several hundred chemical
products which, if disposed of, would also be considered "listed
hazardous waste."
Another area of possible concern for your community
would be the operation of a trash collection system and/or a
landfill. Normally, because household wastes are currently
exempt from the hazardous waste regulation, your landfill
' would be regulated under a program referred to as the "Subtitle
D Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Criteria." This is intended to
insure proper management of the municipal landfill. However,
the addition of commercial waste materials collected and/or co-
disposed with the household materials might necessitate that the
entire facility be treated as a hazardous waste facility. Check
with your state or the RCRA hotline listed below for more
information.
Timetable
Different timetables and responsibilities apply to the different
activities. As long as you comply with certain requirements,
generators may accumulate waste on-site for up to 90 days
without triggering a requirement to obtain a storage permit.
Small quantity generators (100-1000 kilograms/month) have up
to 180 days. If you accumulate waste for periods beyond 90 or
180 days, you will have to secure a permit authorizing the
treatment, storage or disposal of hazardous waste, which is a
very expensive and lengthy process. (Note: Small quantity
generators get 270 days if they have to transport hazardous
32
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waste beyond 200 miles. Also, case by case extensions are
available for small quantity generators.)
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Become familiar with the kinds of waste materials that are
subject to hazardous waste regulation.
Once you determine that you are involved with the handling or
creating of hazardous waste you must notify EPA and/or the
state hazardous waste office and receive an "EPA RCRA
identification number."
Make sure you are handling hazardous materials properly and
are meeting RCRA requirements.
Identify ways to reduce or recycle chemicals that are generat-
ing waste. Find non-toxic substitute products for hazardous
chemicals.
Buy the right amount of chemicals you need. Try to find
someone to use unwanted, unused chemicals rather than
throwing them away.
Become familiar with any industrial facilities in or near your
community. Understand how they are managing their hazardous
waste.
Additional Information
The RCRA regulations are published at Title 40 Code of
Federal Regulations, Part 260 through Part 272. Part 261
defines what materials are hazardous waste and therefore
subject to the RCRA requirements.
Many states have been authorized by EPA to apply and
enforce the federal RCRA hazardous waste requirements.
You may wish to contact your state environmental agency
to get more information on how your state offices are
involved.
EPA has also established a toll free RCRA Hotline to
answer questions regarding the applicability or interpreta-
tion of the RCRA regulations. The RCRA Hotline number
is: 1-800-424-9346 or 703-412-9810.
(See Resource Section for hazardous waste contacts)
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Municipal Solid Waste Disposal
Background
It's not news that many communities in America are faced with
a garbage disposal problem. In 1990, we generated over 195
million tons of municipal solid waste, and the annual volume is
expected to be more than 220 million tons by 2000. At the
same time, fewer landfills are operating, partly because few
people want to live near a landfill.
To protect communities located near landfills and to make
our waste disposal system work better, federal, state and local
governments have adopted a new approach to waste manage-
ment involving a mix of three waste management techniques:
Decreasing the amount of waste that must be disposed of.
Increasing incentives for recycling.
Improving the design and management of incinerators and
landfills so that they will have increased capacity and be able to
operate more safely.
The challenge is to make landfills safe in order to protect
our communities and our environmentand the municipal solid
waste disposal regulations greatly reduce the possibility that
landfills will become sources of pollution. They describe meas-
ures that must be taken to guard against groundwater contami-
nation, and they describe the kinds of areas where landfills may
not be built.
Do These Regulations Apply To My Community?
If your government owns or operates a landfill, these regula-
tions apply. States and local governments are responsible for
implementing and enforcing minimum national standards.
States are required by the federal government to make sure that
landfill owners and operators meet these federal requirements.
As a result, states may have to develop new permitting proce-
dures or change existing ones. (States may also set higher
standards and have additional requirements if they desire.)
On the other hand, states that have EPA-approved
permitting programs have a lot of flexibility in implementing
the federal regulations. EPA added this flexibility so that states
could take local conditions and needs into account, and make
the costs of municipal solid waste management more affordable.
In fact, certain small landfills may be exempt from some of
these regulations.
Exemptions For Small Landfills
EPA had promulgated regulations which allowed exemptions
from some of the more costly requirements (groundwater
monitoring, corrective action and design) for small landfills if
they met certain conditions. The federal appeals court in the
District of Columbia, however, did away with that part of the
exemption dealing with groundwater monitoring. You should
check with your state agency (see Resource Section at back of
book) to see whether the exemptions for corrective action and
design have been allowed in your state. To qualify, a commu-
nity's landfill must receive less than 20 tons of waste per day
(averaged yearly), show no evidence of groundwater contami-
nation, receive less than 25 inches of rainfall per year and have
no other practical waste disposal alternative. Extremely remote
communities that have no ready access to other disposal sites
for extended periods of time (three months of surface transpor-
tation interruption) also are eligible for an exemption.
Who Is Covered?
Landfills that stopped accepting waste before October 9, 1991,
do not need to comply with these regulations. The regulations
apply to owners and operators of all municipal solid waste
landfills that received waste on or after October 9, 1993.
Landfills that stopped accepting waste between October 9,
1991, and October 9,1993, need only comply with the
requirements for final cover (see section on "Closure and Post-
Closure Care" that follows).
The regulations apply to landfills that accept household
waste including garbage, trash and sanitary waste in septic tanks
from "households." (These include single and multiple
residences, hotels and motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew
quarters, campgrounds, picnic grounds and day-use recreation
areas.) They do not apply to landfills, surface impoundments,
waste piles, land application units or units accepting only
industrial nonhazardous waste (for example, construction or
demolition landfills).
Certain small landfills may be eligible for exemption from
the regulations governing design and corrective action (see
Exemptions for Small Landfills).
Timetable
Any municipal solid waste landfill unit that accepts waste after
October 9,1993, must comply with the landfill regulations. The
current schedule for complying is as follows:
Location restrictions, operating criteria, design criteria (new
and lateral expansion units only) and closure/post-closure care
requirements are effective on October 9, 1993.
Groundwater monitoring and corrective action requirements
are effective October 9, 1994 - October 9,1996, depending on a
unit's proximity to a drinking water intake, or in accordance
with an approved state's schedule.
Financial assurance requirements are effective April 9, 1994.
As of July, 1993, the U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was planning to propose an extension to the
above effective dates for certain small landfills. Further, EPA
was planning to propose a delay of the effective date of the
financial assurance requirements for all landfills. Publication of
the final changes is expected in mid-September, 1993.
Actions Your Community Should be Taking
The following is a brief explanation of the regulations. Re-
quirements may vary in states with approved permit programs.
For more details regarding federal requirements, contact your
state agency responsible for permitting municipal solid waste
landfills. Local officials should be aware that citizens have the
-------
right to sue landfill owners and operators who are not in
compliance with the federal regulations in federal court.
Location Standards
Airport Safety
Because landfills attract birds that can interfere with
aircraft operation, owners and operators of sites near
airports must show that birds are not a danger to aircraft.
This restriction applies to new, existing and laterally-
expanding landfills.
Floodplains
Landfills cannot be located in areas that are prone to
flooding unless the owner and operator can prove the
landfill is designed to withstand flooding and prevent the
waste from washing out. This restriction applies to new,
existing and laterally-expanding landfills.
Wetlands
Since wetlands are important ecological resources, new
landfills and laterally-expanding landfills cannot be built
in wetlands unless the owner/operator can demonstrate:
(1) that it will not pollute the area; and, (2) that no
alternative site is available among other requirements.
This applies only to owners/operators in approved states.
Owners/operators should contact the approved state
program to determine exactly what the demonstration
must show. The opportunity to make a demonstration is
not available if your state does not have an approved
program.
Fault Areas and Seismic Zones
In order to prevent damage to municipal solid waste
landfills, new and laterally-expanding landfills cannot be
built in areas prone to earthquakes or other kinds of earth
movement unless a demonstration can be made to an
approved state that the unit has been designed to withstand
the effects of faults and seismic impact.
Unstable Areas
Landfills cannot be located in areas that are subject to land-
slides, mudslides or sinkholes unless a demonstration is
made to show that the landfill unit integrity will not be
disrupted. This restriction applies to new, existing and
laterally expanding landfills.
Operating Criteria
Keeping Out Hazardous Waste
EPA and the states have developed regulations specifically
covering the disposal of hazardous wastes in special
landfills. Owners and operators of municipal landfills must
develop programs to keep these regulated hazardous wastes
out of their units.
Cover Materials and Disease-Vector Control
In general, each day's waste must be covered with soil to
prevent the spread of disease by rats, flies, mosquitoes and
other animals that are naturally attracted to landfills.
Controlling Explosive Gases
Methane gas, which occurs naturally at landfills, must be
routinely monitored. If emission levels in the landfill are
over a certain limit, the proper authorities must be notified
and a plan must be developed and put in place to solve the
problem.
Restricting Access
Owners and operators must restrict access to their landfills
to prevent illegal dumping and other unauthorized intru-
sions. '
Controlling Storm Water and Protecting Surface Water
So that no pollutants are swept into lakes, rivers or streams,
landfills must be built with ditches and berms to keep storm
water from flooding their active areas, and to collect and
control storm water run-off.
Restricting Liquids
Landfills cannot accept bulk or non-containerized liquid
waste, such as from tank trucks or in 55-gallon drums.
This helps reduce both the amount of liquid leaching from
the landfill and the concentrations of materials contained in
that liquid.
Controlling Air Emissions
Landfills must be operated so they do not violate state and
federal clean air laws and regulations. This means, among
other things, that the open burning of waste is prohibited at
landfills.
Design Criteria
The federal regulations require that new and expanding landfills
be designed to protect ground water by making sure that
contaminant levels remain below federal limits for safe drinking
water. In states with EPA-approved permitting programs,
landfill owners and operators may have flexibility to design
units to suit local circumstances, providing the state program
director approves the design. This flexibility means, for
example, that the use of a liner and the nature and thickness of
the liner system may vary from state to state, and perhaps from
site to site.
In states without EPA-approved programs, owners and
operators must either build their landfills according to an EPA
design, or seek waivers. The EPA design has specific require-
ments for liners and collection systems for liquid leaching from
the landfill. For example, liners must be "composite," that is, a
synthetic material over a two-foot layer of clay. This forms a
barrier that prevents liquid that leaches out of the landfill from
escaping from the landfill into ground water. The design also
requires collection systems that allow such liquids to be
captured and .treated.
Groundwater Monitoring And Corrective Action
Generally, landfills must install monitoring systems to detect
groundwater contamination. Sampling and analysis must be
35
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conducted twice a year. States with EPA-approved programs
have the flexibility to adapt rules to suit their own particular
circumstances. For example, they may specify different
frequencies for sampling ground water for contaminants, or
change the deadline for complying with the federal ground-
water monitoring requirements.
If the ground water becomes contaminated, owners and
operators in approved states must clean it up to levels specified
by the state director. In states without EPA-approved programs,
the federal regulations specify that contaminants must be
reduced below the federal limits for safe drinking water.
Closure And Post-Closure Care
When a landfill stops accepting waste, it must be closed in a
way that will prevent problems later. Its final cover must be
designed to keep liquid away from the buried waste. After
closure, the owner and operator must continue to maintain the
final cover, continue groundwater monitoring to ensure that the
unit is not leaking and perform other maintenance activities, all
for 30 years. (States with approved programs may vary this
period based on local conditions.)
Financial Assurance
To ensure that monies are available to correct possible environ-
mental problems, landfill owners and operators are required to
show that they have the financial means to cover expenses for
site closure, post-closure maintenance and cleanups. The regu-
lations spell out ways to meet this requirement, including (but
not limited to) surety bonds, insurance and letters of credit.
Additional Information
For more information about specific requirements for solid
waste landfills in your area, contact your state official. The
RCRA Hotline maintains current lists of all state solid and
hazardous wastemanagementofficials. While these informa-
tion centers are the best place to start collecting information,
it may still be useful to ask these contacts if some other source
may be able to give you additional help.
RCRA Hotline:
Provides information about RCRA regulations and policies,
and takes documents requests.
Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m., EST
Monday-Friday
Telephone: 1-800-424-9346
TDD (hearing impaired): 1-800-553-7672
Washington metro area: 703-920-9810, TDD: 703-486-3323
RCRA Information Center (Docket):
Maintains and tracks policy and guidance documents; pro-
vides nontechnical assistance and written reference services;
and, develops and disseminates public information materials.
Hours: 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., EST
Monday-Friday
Telephone: 202-260-9327
Address: RCRA Information Center
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street SW (OS-305)
Washington, DC 20460
Solid Waste Assistance Program (SWAP):
Collects and distributes information on all aspects of munici-
pal solid waste management.
Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., EST
Monday-Friday
Telephone: Toll-free: 1-800-677-9424
Address: SWAP
P.O. Box 7219
Silver Spring, MD 20907
National Response Center:
Use this hotline to report oil and chemical spills or any envi-
ronmental incident.
Hours: 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
Telephone: 1-800-424-2675
Washington metro area: 202-426-2675
(See Resource Section for solid waste contacts)
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Underground Storage Tank
Technical Requirements
Background
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has written regula-
tions for many of the nation's underground storage tank
systems. This section briefly describes the new technical
requirements for these systems, which include tanks and piping.
The regulations contain detailed performance standards and
operating requirements. The use of different methods and
technologies is often conditional (e.g. based on specific tank
conditions). Properly managed, underground storage tank
systems (USTs) will not threaten our health or our environment.
In small communities such tanks may be in service stations,
agricultural/supply stores, etc.
Several million underground storage tank systems in the
United States contain petroleum or hazardous substances. Tens
of thousands of these USTs, including their piping, are currently
leaking. Many more are expected to leak in the future. Leaking
USTs can cause fires or explosions that threaten human safety,
and they can contaminate nearby ground water. Because many
of us depend on ground water for the water we drink, federal
legislation seeks to safeguard our nation's groundwater
resources.
Do These Regulations Apply To My Community?
If your government has one or more storage tanks that have at
least 10 percent of their volume underground, (including
underground piping connected to the tank) and that store either
petroleum or certain hazardous substances, these regulations
apply. Generally, many of the requirements for petroleum and
hazardous substance USTs are very similar. The additional
requirements for tanks storing hazardous substances are
discussed in the section, "For Hazardous Substance USTs
Only."
Some kinds of tanks are not covered by these regulations. These
include:
Farm and residential tanks holding 1,100 gallons or less of
motor fuel used for noncommercial purposes.
Tanks storing heating oil used on the premises where it is
stored.
Tanks on or above the floor of underground areas, such as
basements or tunnels.
Septic tanks and systems for collecting storm water and
wastewater.
Flow-through process tanks.
Tanks holding 110 gallons or less.
Emergency spill and overfill tanks.
Other storage areas, such as surface impoundments and
pits, are also excluded. Some tanks, such as field-constructed
tanks, have been deferred from most of the regulations.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
For new tanks that store either petroleum or hazardous
substances (those for which installation began after December
22,1988):
You must certify that the tank and piping are installed
properly according to industry codes.
You must equip the tank and piping with devices that prevent
spills and overflows. Also, you must follow correct tank filling
practices.
You must protect the tank and piping from corrosion.
You must employ a method of leak detection for both the tank
and piping.
For existing tanks (those for which installation began on
or before December 22,1988) that store either petroleum or
hazardous substances, you must immediately start tank filling
procedures that will prevent spills and overfills. In addition,
you must meet requirements for leak detection, corrosion
protection and spill/overfill prevention. The chart, "What Do
You Have To Do?" displays requirements for new and existing
tanks and piping, (see page 38) The deadlines for meeting the
requirements for corrosion protection, leak detection and spill/
overflow prevention vary and are displayed in the chart, "When
Do You Have To Act?" (see page 39) Although some
regulatory deadlines are several years away, you should make
improvements as soon as possible to reduce the chance that you
will be liable for damages caused by releases from substandard
USTs. The schedule makes sure that the older tanks, which are
more likely to leak, have leak detection first.
Tank Leak Detection Testing Alternatives
You must check your tanks at least once a month to determine if
they are leakiiig. You must use one (or a combination) of the.
following monthly monitoring methods described below:
Automatic tank gauging.
Monitoring for vapors in the soil.
Interstitial (between the walls) monitoring.
Monitoring for liquids on the ground water.
Other approved methods.
There are some exceptions to the monthly monitoring
requirement described below.
Tanks up to 1000 gallons: You may use manual gauging as
the sole method of leak detection. This method involves
keeping the tank undisturbed for at least 36 hours, during which
time you measure the tank's contents each week, twice at the
beginning and twice at the end of the test period in the manner
required by the regulations.
Tanks between 1001 and 2,000 gallons: You may use the
manual gauging method (which involves weekly testing), but
only in combination with tank tightness testing at least every
five years or annually, depending upon whether the tank has
37
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What Do You Have To Do? Minimim Requirements
Leak Detection
New Tanks
2 Choices
Monthly monitoring*
Monthly inventory control and tank tightness testing every 5 years
(You can only use this choice for 10 years after installation.)**
Existing Tanks
3 Choices
Monthly monitoring*
Monthly inventory control and annual tank tightness testing
(This choice can only be used until December 1998)
Monthly inventory control and tank tightness testing every 5 years
(This choice can only be used for 10 years after adding corrosion protection and spill/
overfill prevention or until December 1998, whichever date is later.)**
New & Existing Pressurized Piping
Choice of one from each set
1 Automatic flow restrictor
Automatic shutoff device
1 Continuous alarm system
}AND J-
U
Annual line testing
Monthly monitoring*
(except automatic tank gauging)
New & Existing Suction Piping
3 Choices
Corrosion Protection
New Tanks
3 Choices
Monthly monitoring* (except automatic tank gauging)
Line testing every 3 years
No requirements
(if the system meets the requirements in the regualtions)
Coated and cathodically protected steel
Fiberglass
Steel tank clad with fiberglass
Existing Tanks
4 Choices
Same options as for new tanks
Add cathodic protection system
Interior lining
Interior lining and cathodic protection
New Piping
2 Choices
1 Coated and cathodically protected steel
1 Fiberglass
Existing Piping
2 Choices
Spill/Overfill Prevention
All Tanks
1 Same options as for new piping
Cathodically protected steel
Catchment basins AND automatic shutoff devices or overfill alarms or ball float
valves.
* Automatic tank gauging, vapor monitoring, interstitial monitoring, groundwater
monitoring and other approved methods
** Very small tanks may also be able to use manual tank gauging
38
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When Do You Have To Act Important Deadlines
Type Of Tank
And Piping
New tanks and piping*
Leak Detection
At installation
Corrosion Protection Spill/Overfill
Prevention?
At installation
At installation
Existing tanks**
Installed
Before 1965 or unknown
1965-1969
1970-1974
1975-1979
1980-Deceinfeer 22,1988
By no later than:
December 22, 1989
December 22, 1990
December 22, 1991
December 22,1992
December 22,1993
December 22,1998
December 22, 1998
Existing Piping**
Pressurized
Suction
December 22,1990
Same as existing tanks
December 22, 1998
December 22, 1998
Does not apply
Does not apply
* New tanks and piping are those installed after December 22,1988
** Existing tanks and piping are those installed before December 22, 1988
If you Choose Tank Tightness Testing At Existing USTs...
If you don't use monthly monitoring at existing USTs, you must use a combination of periodic tank tightness tests and
monthly inventory control. This combined method can only be used for a few years, as the chart below displays
Was the UST "upgraded",
which means does it have
corrosion protection and
spill/overfill
devices.
1
prevention
No
Do monthly inventory
control and a tank tightness
test every year until 1998;
then "upgrade". For
"upgrade" USTs, use the
box on the right.
Yes
Was it "upgraded"
before
December 22, 1988
IN°
Do monthly inventory
control and a tank tightness
test every 5 years for
10 years after "upgrading";
then do monthly monitoring.
Do monthly inventory
control and a tank tightness
.... Yesm test evem 5 wars until 1 998;
then do monthly monitoring.
39
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been upgraded or meets new lank standards. This combined
method can only be used during the first ten years following
tank installation or upgrade or until December 22,1998,
whichever is later (for upgraded/new tanks).
Tanks that do not meet the new tank upgrading standards:
You can combine monthly inventory control with annual tank
lightness testing. Please note, however, that this method is
allowed only until December 1998.
Tanks tliat meet new tank performance standards or that have
been upgraded: You can combine monthly inventory control
with lank lighiness lesting every 5 years. This choice, however,
can only be used for 10 years after adding corrosion protection
or internally lining ihe tank (or until December 1998, whichever
is later). After this time, you must use one of the monthly
monitoring methods listed above.
You have a leak detection advantage if your UST has been
"upgraded" with corrosion protection and devices to prevent
spills and overfills. For 10 years after "upgrading," you can use
a leak detection method that will be less costly and easier to
apply than most other leak detection methods.
Piping Leak Detection Alternatives
You have two basic choices of leak detection for piping
depending upon the type of piping you use.
Pressurized Piping: By December 1990, existing pressurized
piping must have met the following leak detection requirements
for new pressurized piping. The piping must have devices to
automatically shut off or restrict flow, or have an alarm that
indicates a leak. You must either conduct an annual tightness
test of the piping or use one of the following appropriate
monthly methods noted above for tanks: vapor monitoring,
groundwaier monitoring, interstitial (between the walls)
monitoring or other approved monthly methods.
Suction piping: Existing suction piping must meet the
following requirements for new suction piping at the same time
the tank mcels the above leak detection schedule. The most
commonly used suction piping requires either monthly monitor-
ing (using one of the four monlhly methods noted above for use
on pressurized piping) or tightness testing of the piping every
three years.
Another kind of suction piping is safer and does not require
leak detection. This safer method has two main characteristics.
If your piping meets the following characteristics and it can be
readily determined that it does so, leak detection may not be
required:
- Bclow-grade piping is sloped so that the piping's contents
will drain back into the storage tank if the suction is
released.
- Only one check valve is included in each suction line and is
located directly below the suction pump.
No mailer which leak detection methods you use for
tanks and piping, they must be working by the deadlines
described in the chart on page 39. ,
Leaks and spills from hazardous substance and petroleum USTs
Your response to confirmed leaks and spills (including over-
fills) comes in two stages: short-term and long-term.
NOTE: owners/operators must confirm all suspected releases.
Short-Term Actions
Take immediate action to stop and contain the leak or spill.
Tell the regulatory authority within 24 hours that there is a
leak or spill. However, petroleum spills and overfills of less
than 25 gallons that can be cleaned up within 24 hours or other
period designated by the implementing agency, do not have to
be reported if you immediately contain and clean up these
releases. In some circumstances you must begin corrective
action.
Make sure the leak or spill poses no immediate hazard to
human health and safety by identifying and mitigating explo-
sions, vapors and fire hazards. Your fire department should be
able to help or advise you with this task. You must also make
sure you handle contaminated soil properly so that it poses no
hazard (for example, from vapors or direct contact).
Find out how far the tank contents have moved and prevent
further migration of the leaked petroleum (such as product
floating on the water table).
Report your progress and any information you have collected
to the regulatory authority no later than 20 days, or within
another reasonable time period determined by the implementing
agency, after you have confirmed a leak or spill.
Investigate to determine if the leak has damaged or might
damage the environment. You must report to the regulatory
authority what you have learned from a full investigation of
your site within 45 days of confirming a leak or spill. At the
same time, you must also submit a report explaining how you
plan to remove the leaked substance, if you have found con-
taminated ground water. Additional site studies may be
required if certain conditions exist.
Some leaks and spills will require additional, long-term
attention to correct the problem.
Long-Term Actions
Based on the information you have provided, the regulatory
authority, often your state, will decide if you must take further
action at your site. You may need to take two more actions:
Develop and submit a Corrective Action Plan that shows how
you will meet requirements established for your site by the
regulatory authority.
Make sure you meet the requirements approved by the regula-
tory authority for your site.
Closing USTs
You can close your UST permanently or temporarily. Be sure
to contact your state UST program for more details on how to
properly close your tank and under what conditions.
40
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Reporting And Recordkeeping
In general, you will only need to report to the regulatory
authority at the beginning and end of your UST system's
operating life:
When you install a UST, you have to fill out a notification form
available from your state. (You should have already used this form
to identify your existing USTs. If you haven' t done that yet, be sure
you do so now.)
You must report suspected releases to the regulatory authority.
You must report confirmed releases to your regulatory authority.
You must also report follow-up actions you plan or have taken to
correct the damage caused by your UST.
You must notify the regulatory authority 30 days before you
permanently close your UST.
You need to check with your regulatory authority about
the particular reporting requirements in your area, including any
additional or more stringent requirements than those noted
above.
For Hazardous Substance USTs Only
NOTE: The following section applies only to USTs that store
hazardous substances.
Substances included in these regulations
Several hundred substances are designated as "hazardous"
under federal regulations. If your underground storage tank
stores any of these hazardous substances, it is subject to the
regulations. (For information on what hazardous substances are
designated as "hazardous," please contact the RCRA/CERCLA
hotline at 1-800-424-9346, or call 202-382-3000.)
Requirements for new hazardous substance USTs
New UST systems are those that are installed after December,
1988. They must meet the same requirements as new petroleum
USTs concerning correct installation, corrosion protection, spill
and overfill prevention, corrective action, and closure.
However, they must also have secondary containment and
interstitial monitoring as described below.
Secondary Containment
All new hazardous substance underground storage tanks must
have secondary containment. A single-walled tank is the first or
"primary" containment. Using only primary containment, a
leak can escape into the environment. But by enclosing the tank
within a second wall, leaks can be contained and detected
quickly before harming the environment. There are several
ways to construct secondary containment. These include:
Placing one tank inside another tank or one pipe inside
another pipe (making them double-walled systems).
Placing the underground storage tank system inside a concrete
vault.
Lining the excavation zone around the underground storage
tank system with a liner that cannot be penetrated by the
chemical.
Placing an internally fitted flexible liner inside a UST.
Interstitial Monitoring
The hazardous substance underground storage tank must have a
leak detection system that can indicate the presence of a leak in
the confined space between the first and the second wall.
Several devices are available to monitor this confined or
"interstitial" space. The regulations describe these various
methods and the requirements for proper use.
Variances
You can apply for an exception, called a variance, from the
requirement for secondary containment and interstitial
monitoring. Getting a variance will require a lot of work. You
will have to'convince your regulatory authority that your
alternative leak detection method will work effectively by
providing detailed studies of your site, proposed leak detection
method andiavailable methods for corrective action. Also, some
states may riot allow variances.
"Existing" hazardous substance USTs
Hazardous substance underground storage tanks installed before
December 1988 are defined as "existing" tanks. If you have an
existing hazardous substance underground storage tank, by
December 1998, you must:
Use tank filling procedures and devices that prevent spills and
overfills.
Protect the tank from corrosion.
By December, 1998, you must improve your hazardous
substance underground storage tanks installed before December,
1988. Although the regulatory deadline is in 1998, you should
make these improvements as soon as you can to reduce the
chance that you will be liable for damages caused by your sub-
standard tank.
Leak detection
Leak detection requirements are the same as for existing
underground petroleum storage tanks, and are also being phased
in for existing hazardous substance underground storage tanks,
depending on their age:
If the tank was installed...
before 1965 or unknown
1965-1969 '
1970-1974
1975-1979
1980-December 1988
It must have had leak
detection by December of...
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
This schedule makes sure that the older tanks, which are
41
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more likely to leak, have leak detection first. (Also see chart at
lop of page 39)
Pressurized piping
There was a special deadline for pressurized piping in
December, 1990. By December, 1990, existing pressurized
piping must have met the requirements for new pressurized
piping described for petroleum underground storage tanks on
page 40.
Choosing leak detection methods for existing
hazardous substance USTs
You can meet the leak detection requirements in one of the
following ways:
After December, 1998, your UST must meet the same
requirements for secondary containment and interstitial
monitoring that apply to new hazardous substance USTs.
* After December, 1988, a variance can be granted if you meet
the same requirements described above for getting a variance
for a new hazardous substance UST.
Until December, 1998, you can use any of the leak detection
methods, other than interstitial (between the walls) monitoring,
that are described above for existing petroleum underground
storage tanks but only if the method you choose can
effectively detect releases of the hazardous substance stored in
the UST. (Variances are not required in these cases before
December 1998).
After December, 1998, you must either use secondary
containment and interstitial monitoring, or get a variance.
ysjQTE: No matter which leak detection methods you use for
tanks and piping, they must be working by the deadlines
described above. If not, you must close your UST or replace it
with a new UST.
Additional Resources
Check with your stale UST program for additional
information and state-specific requirements.
Getting Out from Under; Underground Storage Tank Alter-
natives for Small Towns. Available from National Associa-
tion of Towns and Townships (NATaT), 1522 K Street,
N.W., Washington, DC, 20005, phone number: 202-737-
5200. Guidebook cost: NATaT members-S7.95, non-
members - S14.95. Training module, including guidebook,
video, and facilitator's guide purchase cost for members:
S39.95, rental cost: $19.95; nonmembers purchase cost:
S69.95, rental cost: S39.95.
Dollars and Sense; A Summary of the Financial Responsi-
bility Regulations for Underground Storage Tank Systems.
Available from the U.S. EPA National Center for
Environmental Publications & Information, P.O. Box
42419, Cincinnati, OH 45242-2419, publication #: 26B.
Phone number: 513-891-6561 (December 1988). Free.
42
Musts for USTs; A Summary of the Regulations for Under-
ground Storage Tank Systems. Available from the Superin-
tendent of Documents, U.S. Printing Office, P.O. Box
37194, Pittsburg, PA, 15250-7954. Stock number: 055-
000-002941. Phone number: 202-783-3238. (July 1990).
Leak Lookout; Using External Leak Detectors to Prevent
Petroleum Contamination from Underground Storage
Tanks. Available from the National Center for
Environmental Publications & Information, P.O. Box
42419, Cincinnati, OH, 45242-2419, publication #: EPA
530-UST-88-006. (August 1988). Free.
Oh No! Petroleum Leaks and Spills: What Do You Do?
Available from the National Center for Environmental
Publications & Information, P.O. Box 42419, Cincinnati,
OH, 45242-2419, publication #: EPA 530-UST-88-004.
(December 1988). Free.
Staight Talk on Tanks; A Summary of Leak Detection
Methods for Petroleum Underground Storage Tank
Systems. Available from the National Center for
Environmental Publications & Information, P.O. Box
42419, Cincinnati, OH, 45242-2419, publication #: EPA
530-UST-90012. (August 1990). Free.
Survey of Vendors of External Petroleum Leak Monitoring
Devices for Use with USTs. Available from the National
Center for Environmental Publications & Information, P.O.
Box 42419, Cincinnati, OH, 45242-2419, publication #:
EPA 510K-92-815. Free.
See Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 280, and
Federal Register, February 18,1993, Page 9025.
(See Resource Section for UST contacts)
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Underground Storage Tank (UST)
Financial Responsibility Requirements
Background
Undetected leaks and accidental spills can lead to very expen-
sive cleanup and liability costs. Federal and state regulations
now require that UST owners and/or operators demonstrate
their financial ability to take corrective action and to compen-
sate third parties for bodily injury and property damage.
If your government cannot meet the financial responsibil-
ity requirements, you are required to shut down your tanks.
See the section on Underground Storage Tank Technical
Requirements for tank closure requirements.
Do These Regulations Apply To My Community?
The federal UST regulations establish separate compliance
requirements and schedules for different sizes and classifica-
tions of owners and operators. Most small communities will
have to show responsibility for $500,000 per occurrence, and $1
million aggregate.
The following chart explains these categories:
Volume of
Liquid Going
Through Facility
10,000 gallons
or less monthly
More than
10,000 gallons
monthly
Per-Occurrence
Coverage
$500,000
$1 million
Aggregate
Coverage
$1million if you have
1 00 or fewer tanks
$2 million if you
have more than
1 00 tanks
In other words, the dividing line between $500,000 and $1
million in per occurrence coverage is 10,000 gallons moving
through your facility monthly. Aggregate coverage is
determined by the number of tanks you own or operate.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Federal regulations list a number of ways to establish your
ability to pay the required minimum amount for cleanup costs
and liability claims. These mechanisms include self insurance
tests related to a local government's net worth, bond rating and
other financial indicators that establish the ability to pay. Many
of the options are based on the principle that most
municipalities can cover the required costs without purchasing
insurance.
EPA's list of allowable mechanisms to demonstrate
financial capability includes the following self insurance
mechanisms for local governments:
Bond rating test
Work sheet test
Fund balance test
Intergovernmental guarantee
You can also use private insurance, letter of credit, surety
bond or state assurance fund. Local governments are most
likely to rely on one of the four self-insurance mechanisms or
state assurance funds. Be sure to check with your state to see if
you are already covered under a state UST fund.
The compliance date for local governments for this
regulation is February 18, 1994.
Additional Resources
(See Resource Section for UST contacts)
43
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Emergency Planning And Community
Right-To-Kno\v
Background
These regulations have two purposes: to encourage and support
emergency planning for responding to chemical accidents; and,
to provide local governments and the public with timely and
comprehensive information about possible chemical hazards in
communities.
The law, called "SARA Title III," or the "Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act," (EPCRA)
requires governors to establish State Emergency Response
Commissions (SERCs). Each SERC shall divide its state into
local emergency planning districts and appoint a Local Emer-
gency Planning Committee (LEPC) for each district.
Do These Regulations Apply To My Community?
Yes, the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act (EPCRA) applies to all communities. Hazardous sub-
stances are not only found at large chemical plants. They are
also routinely used in many small operations. These chemicals
arc not necessarily hazardous in normal practice, but may be of
concern if stored or used improperly, or during an emergency
situation such as a fire.
Examples of facilities subject to EPCRA include dry
cleaners, paint stores, gardening and supply stores, and your
local government, if it stores hazardous chemicals for road work
or other purposes. For purposes of assisting the Local Emer-
gency Planning Committee to prepare an emergency response
plan, each facility in your community, where certain EPA listed
chemicals are present above threshold quantities, must report to
the State Emergency Response Commission and the Local
Emergency Planning Committee. Facilities that have threshold
quantities of certain chemicals subject to the Occupational
Safety and Health Act (OSHA) must submit inventory informa-
tion to the appropriate Local Emergency Planning Committee,
the Slate Emergency Response Commission and the local fire
department.
If a chemical accident occurs at a facility that produces,
uses or stores any of the EPA listed chemicals or the chemicals
subject to OSHA, the facility must immediately notify the State
Emergency Response Commission and the Local Emergency
Planning Committee.
Because the fire department (which is represented on the
Local Emergency Planning Committee and receives chemical
inventory information) is often the first to respond to a chemical
emergency, it must be involved in every aspect of emergency
planning and community-right-to-know. Having access to this
information will help a fire department know which chemicals
to expect at a chemical emergency scene, as well as chemical
quantities and locations.
The law provides stiff penalties for facilities that do not
comply, and it allows citizens to file lawsuits to force them to
obey the law.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
As a local official, you should find out who is on your Local
Emergency Planning Committee. While your community may
not have its own Local Emergency Planning Committee, it will
be part of one. The members must consist of representatives of
all of the following groups: elected state and local officials, law
enforcement, civil defense, firefighting, first aid, health, media,
community groups and industry. Because the Local Emergency
Planning Committee represents the community, its members
should be familiar with the factors that affect public safety, the
environment and the economy of its districts. Make sure your
community's needs are represented by participating fully in
your local Committee.
Using the information received to analyze the hazards,
your Local Emergency Planning Committee has developed an
emergency response plan that lays out potential local hazards,
response capabilities and procedures to follow in an emergency.
The Local Emergency Planning Committee must exercise,
review and update this plan annually, and inform the public of
these activities.
It is important that you become familiar with the Emer-
gency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act so that you
will know how you can better assess and manage the risks
present in your community. The more each of us learns about,
understands, and participates in managing chemical hazards, the
safer our communities will be for everyone.
Additional Information
The EPCRA/SARA Title III hotline provides regulatory,
policy and technical assistance to federal agencies, state
and local governments, the public and regulatory commu-
nity in response to questions related to EPCRA.
Telephone: 800-535-0202 National
703-920-9877 Virginia
Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 7:30 p.m. eastern time
Monday - Friday
44
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Reimbursement To Local Governments
For Emergency Response To Hazardous
Substance Releases
Background
On October 17,1986, the President signed into law the Super-
fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)..
Section 123 of the law authorizes EPA to reimburse local
governments for up to $25,000 for their expenses in carrying
out temporary emergency measures in response to hazardous
substance releases. The final regulation for reimbursing local
governments became effective on October 14,1992.
The intent of the reimbursement program is to alleviate
extraordinary financial burdens on local governments resulting
from the temporary emergency measures they have taken in
responding to hazardous substance releases. Such measures
may include activities like erecting security fencing to limit
access, costs of responding to fires and explosions not otherwise
provided for in the applicant's operating budget, and other
actions that require immediate response at the local level. EPA
will distribute the reimbursement money to those applicants
who demonstrate the greatest financial burden.
Does This Program Apply To My Community?
Any general purpose unit of local government that has expenses
resulting from performing temporary emergency measures in
response to releases of hazardous substances or pollutants or
contaminants may apply for reimbursement. Reimbursement is
available only to local governments (e.g., a county, parish, city,
municipality, township, or federally recognized Indian tribe).
States are not eligible for reimbursement for temporary emer-
gency measures, and no state may request reimbursement on its
own behalf or on the behalf of political subdivisions within the
state.
Only one request for reimbursement will be accepted for
each hazardous substance release or threat requiring immediate
response at the local level. When more than one local agency
has participated in such a response, those agencies must
determine which single agency or jurisdiction will submit the
request on behalf of them all. Since funds for this program are
limited, EPA may not be able to reimburse local governments
for all responses that may qualify.
Timetable
Reimbursement requests must be received by EPA within one
year of the date of completion of the response for which
reimbursement is being requested. If, however, a cost recovery
action is pending, EPA may waive this deadline. EPA recom-
mends that applications be submitted as soon as possible after
completion of the response, since response information and
reconstruction of records becomes more difficult as time
progresses.
What Costs Are Reimbursable?
All costs for which a local government is seeking reimburse-
ment must be consistent with the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response Compensation and Liability Act, the National
Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, and
federal cost principles outlined by the Office of Management
and Budget. In general, EPA will consider reimbursement for
costs of such items as: disposable materials and supplies used
during a specific response; rental or leasing of equipment used
for a specific response; special technical services and laboratory
costs; and, services and supplies purchased for a specific
evacuation. Reimbursement, however, must not take the place
of the money the local government would normally provide for
emergency response. All reimbursement applications must be
accompanied by cost documentation such as invoices, sales
receipts or leasing agreements. This documentation, supporting
your attempts to recover cost, is essential'. No reimbursements
will be made unless the request includes evidence of efforts to
recover costs from parties responsible for the release.
How Will Reimbursement Requests Be Evaluated?
EPA has developed a formula for determining financial burden
that is based on the ratio of eligible response costs to an
applicant's per capita income adjusted for population. EPA also
may consider other relevant financial information provided by a
local government, so if you think that your government has
special circumstances, please be sure to let EPA know in your
application.;
After receiving completed applications from local
governments, EPA will screen each application for compliance
with basic reimbursement criteria and filing procedures.
Requests for reimbursement must demonstrate that responses
comply with federal law, the National Oil and Hazardous
Substances Pollution Contingency Plan and, where applicable,
the local comprehensive emergency response plan completed
under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know
Act of 1986. If you do not know whether you meet these
criteria, call the hotline or the Local Governments Reimburse-
ment Program Project Officer, listed under the "Additional In-
formation" section below.
Each application will be evaluated on its own merit and in
comparison:to the financial burden demonstrated by other
requests. EPA will ensure that costs for which reimbursement
is being sought are allowable and do not supplant local funds
normally provided for emergency response. Further guidance
on evaluation of reimbursement questions can be found in
section 310.60 of the final regulation in the Code of Federal
Regulations (Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 310.60).
For further information, see the "Additional Information"
section beloiw.
Based:on the financial burden ranking for each request
and the funds available for reimbursement, a request may be
reimbursed,, denied or held over for reconsideration. A request
may be reconsidered during a subsequent review period if it
represents a significant financial burden but scores lower than
other requests during a particular review period.
45
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How Much Can Be Reimbursed?
Reimbursement is limited by law to $25,000 per single re-
sponse. The law specifics that no more than 0.1 percent of the
total amount appropriated to the fund be used for local govern-
ment reimbursement.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
If you think that you qualify for a reimbursement, you can get
an application package by contacting the RCRA Superfund
Hotline at EPA Headquarters. The toll-free telephone number
for the hotline is 1-800-424-9346. The application package
contains detailed, line-by-line instructions for completing the
application.
Additional Information
For general information on the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response Compensation and Liability Act, and re-
imbursement application packages, contact:
RCRA Superfund Hotline
1-800-424-9346 (toll free)
For specific information on the Local Governments Reim-
bursement Program, contact:
Local Governments Reimbursement Program
Project Officer
Emergency Response Division (5202G)
U.S. EPA
401 M Street, SW.
Washington, DC 20460
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Toxics
Asbestos In Schools
Background
Because asbestos has been determined to be toxic, Congress
instructed EPA to develop regulations about asbestos hazards in
schools. The law governing this activity is the Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act, under which EPA provides a model
program to officially certify people who conduct inspections for
asbestos, develop management plans, and perform the work
needed to clean up asbestos problems.
Do These Regulations Apply To My Community?
Yes, if your government operates a school, these regulations
apply. Congress required all public and private elementary and
secondary schools to conduct inspections for asbestos-contain-
ing building materials, develop asbestos management plans and
implement response actions in a timely fashion.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Specifically, each local public school system or private school
must do the following:
Designate and train a person to oversee asbestos-related
activities.
Inspect every school building for both friable and
nonfriable asbestos-containing materials.
Prepare a management plan for managing asbestos and
controlling exposure in each school, and submit that plan to
the appropriate state agency. A management plan includes
maintenance, repair, encapsulation e.g. spraying, enclosure
and removal, if absolutely necessary. The plan should
include a time frame for implementation of recommended
actions.
Use only properly authorized people to conduct inspec-
tions and develop the asbestos management plan. Author-
ized personnel must also conduct the required reinspections
every three years.
Provide custodial staff and short-term workers with
information about the location of any asbestos-containing
materials. Post warning labels as required.
Provide custodial and maintenance staff with two hours
of awareness training and an additional 14 hours of training
for employees whose duties may cause them to disturb
asbestos. This additional training must include proper
work practices and the use of protective equipment when
disturbing asbestos-containing materials.
Notify parents, teachers and other school employees
about the asbestos inspection and the availability of the
asbestos management plan for review.
Use properly authorized individuals to design and
conduct asbestos-abatement actions that are necessary and
appropriate to protect health and the environment. These
actions must be documented in the management plan.
Keep records of all asbestos-related activities in the plan
and make them available for public review.
Inform employees and building occupants or their legal
guardians annually regarding the management plan
availability and the related ongoing activities.
According to federal law, May 9, 1989 was the deadline
by which asbestos management plans should have been
submitted to state agencies. Each local public school district or
private school is required to update and maintain management
plans to reflect activities with ongoing operations and mainte-
nance, periodic surveillance, inspection, reinspection and
response action activities.
What Help Is Available?
EPA has established several programs to assist schools in
assessing and managing their asbestos-related problems.
Through its headquarters office in Washington, DC, and EPA
regional offices, the Agency provides direct technical assistance
for local officials, school officials, other employees and parents
to better understand asbestos programs, and to help schools
comply with federal asbestos regulations.
Under the Asbestos School Hazard Abatement program,
EPA can provide financial aid to schools in the form of an
interest-free loan, grant, or a combination of both.
I
Additional Information
For more information on EPA requirements for asbestos in
schools; please call 202-554-1404. Hours: 8:30 a.m. to
5:00 p.m., eastern time, Monday-Friday.
47
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Toxics
Lead
Background
Lead is a highly toxic substance that can cause a number of
health problems, particularly in children and fetuses. Humans
can be exposed to lead through contact with lead-based paint,
soil, dust and drinking water. Before it was known how
harmful lead can be, it was used in paint, gasoline, water pipes
and many other products.
Old lead-based paint is the most significant source of lead
exposure in the United States today, and it has been banned
since 1978. Improper paint removal, such as dry scraping,
sanding or opcnflame burning can cause harmful exposures to
workers, as well as occupants of dwellings.
Airborne lead enters the body when an individual breathes
or swallows lead dust. Until recently, the most important
airborne source of lead was automobile exhaust. High concen-
trations of airborne lead particles in homes can also result from
lead dust from outdoor sources, contaminated soil tracked
inside, and use of lead in certain activities such as electronics
repair and stained glass-making.
Health Effects Of Exposure To Lead
Lead affects practically all systems of the body. High levels of
lead can cause convulsions, coma, and even death. Lower
levels of lead can cause adverse effects on the central nervous
system, kidneys and can have other effects.
Lead is particularly harmful to the developing brain and
nervous systems of children, infants and fetuses. They are more
vulnerable to lead exposure than adults, because they have more
hand-to-mouth activity and they absorb more lead. Effects can
include delays in physical and mental development, lower IQ
levels, shortened attention spans and increased behavioral
problems. Children should be tested for lead; to find out where,
call your doctor or local health clinic.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Schools: Keep areas in schools and other areas where children
play as dust-free and clean as possible. Floors, window ledges
and chewable surfaces should be cleaned with a solution of
powdered automatic dishwasher detergent in warm water.
(Dishwasher detergents are recommended because of their high-
phosphate content.) Most multi-purpose cleaners will not
remove lead in ordinary dust. Make sure that children wash
their hands before meals and nap-time.
Homes and public buildings: Reduce the risk from lead-based
paint. Most homes and other buildings built before 1960 contain
heavily leaded paint. Some built as recently as 1978 may also
contain lead paint. This paint could be on window frames,
walls, the outside of homes or other surfaces. Do not burn
painted wood, as it may contain lead.
Paint in good condition: Leave lead-based paint undisturbed
it if is in good condition do not sand or burn it off. Lead
paint in good condition is usually not a problem except in places
where painted surfaces rub against each other and create dust
(example: opening a window).
Correcting lead paint problems: Hire people with special
training in correcting lead paint problems to remove lead-based
paint. Until all work is finished and cleanup is done, all occu-
pantsespecially children and pregnant womenshould leave
the building.
Testing homes for lead-based paint: Consult your state or
county health or housing department for suggestions on private
laboratories or public agencies that may be able to help test
homes for lead in paint. Home test kits cannot detect small
amounts of lead under some conditions.
Construction work, demolition or painting, working with
batteries or radiators, or other tasks which involve lead: these
can unknowingly create lead dust which can be brought into
buildings. In addition, soil very close to walls may be contami-
nated from lead paint on the outside of buildings.
Roads or highways: Soil by roads or highways may be
contaminated from years of exhaust fumes from cars and trucks
that use leaded gas. Your town public works employees should
be aware of this and, if possible, they should change clothes
before they go home.
Drinking water: Most well and city water does not usually
contain lead. Water usually picks up lead inside homes, from
plumbing that is made with lead materials. The only way to
know if there is lead in drinking water is to have it tested.
Testing requirements for public water systems: Public water
systems are required to take a certain number of tap water
samples to test for lead in water. Please refer to the "Lead Ma-
terial Ban" section of this publication for more information.
Additional Information
For more information on health effects, send for the Center
for Disease Control's publication, "Preventing Lead
Poisoning in Young Children," (October 1991). Tele-
phone: Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch, 404-488-7330.
For more information on lead-based paint abatement, con-
tact the Department of Housing and Urban Development
for the following two documents: 1) "Comprehensive and
Workable Plan for the Abatement of Lead Based Paint in
Privately Owned Housing: Report to Congress," (Decem-
ber 7,1990), and 2) "Lead-Based Paint: Interim Guidelines
for Hazard Identification and Abatement in Public and
Indian Housing," (September, 1990). Telephone: 1-800-
245-2691.
Hotlines:
National Lead Information Center:
Safe Drinking Water Hotline:
1-800-LEADFYI
1-800-4264791
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Toxics
PCBs
Background
The abbreviation "PCB" refers to polychlorinated biphenyls - a
group of man-made chemicals containing 209 individual
compounds with varying toxicity. Because of their insulating
and nonflammable properties, PCBs have been used widely as
coolants and lubricants in transformers, capacitors and other
electrical equipment on utility poles or in buildings. They are
also present in fluorescent light ballasts and heat transfer
systems, in hydraulic fluids, lubricating oils, wood preserva-
tives, paints, printing inks, cutting oils, fire retardents, plasticiz-
ers, adhesives and other products. The manufacture of PCBs
stopped in the United States in October 1977, because of
evidence that PCBs accumulate in the environment and may
cause health hazards for humans.
PCBs are particularly dangerous when they are burned. In
addition, they can be released into the environment from:
Poorly maintained toxic waste sites that contain PCBs.
Illegal or improper dumping of PCB wastes, such a trans-
former fluids.
Leaks or fugitive emissions from electrical transformers
containing PCBs.
Disposal of PCB-containing consumer products into munici-
pal landfills rather than into landfills designed to hold hazardous
materials.
Consumer products that may contain PCBs include:
Old fluorescent lighting fixtures.
Electrical devices or appliances containing PCB capacitors
made before PCB use was stopped.
Occupational exposure to PCBs can occur during
Repair or maintenance of PCB transformers.
Accidents or spills involving PCB transformers.
Disposal of PCB materials.
Contact at hazardous waste sites.
Do These Regulations Apply To My Community?
Yes, if your local government uses, marks or disposes of PCB-
containing equipment or substances, these regulations apply to
you. Local governments should be particularly sensitive to
PCB risks of equipment or supplies for road work, vehicle
maintenance, air conditioning, heating and the operation of
electric utilities. The use, storage, labelling and disposal of
PCBs are strictly regulated because they can be so dangerous.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
PCB wastes at concentrations of 50 ppm (parts-per-million) and
above are regulated for disposal. Regulated PCB waste must be
disposed of in either a chemical waste landfill, by incineration
or by an alternate approved technology. In addition local
officials should be aware of:
Disposal requirements.
Technical requirements for incinerators and landfills.
Approved alternate technologies.
Storage requirements (PCBs going into storage for disposal
must be disposed of within one year).
Labelling requirements.
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
In an Emergency
FOR RELEASES OF 1 OR MORE POUNDS OF PCBs
(e.g., SPILLS AND FIRES) CALL YOUR FIRE
DEPARTMENT IMMEDIATELY, AND CONTACT THE
NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER AT 1-800-424-8802.
FIRST AID POISON INFORMATION
Eye Contact
Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Skin Contact
Quickly remove contaminated clothing. Immediately
wash contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and
water.
FIRE HAZARDS
PCBs may burn, but they do not readily ignite.
Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray, or foam extinguishers.
POISONOUS GASES ARE PRODUCED IN FIRE.
If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained
and equipped properly.
All buildings in which there are PCBs should be posted so
firemen will be aware of their presence.
SPILLS AND EMERGENCIES
If PCBs are spilled or leaked, take the following steps:
It may be necessary to contain and dispose of PCBs as a
HAZARDOUS WASTE.
Restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area
of spill or leak until clean-up is complete.
Ventilate the area of spill or leak.
Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar
material and deposit in a sealed container.
49
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« Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe
manner and deposit in a sealed container.
Contact your state environmental program or EPA regional
office for specific recommendations.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Prior to working with PCBs, you should be trained in its
proper handling and storage.
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated
area away from STRONG OXIDERS (Such as CHLORINE,
BROMINE, and FLUORINE).
PCBs should be handled only in an established, controlled,
regulated area.
PHYSICAL DATA
* Flash Point: 383 degrees Fahrenheit.
Water solubility: slightly soluble.
Additional Information
For additional information contact the Toxic Substances
Control Act Assistance Service at:
Telephone: 202-554-1404
202-554-0551 (TDD)
202-554-5603 (on-line service modem)
Hours: 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. eastern time
Monday - Friday
Synonyms and Trade Names Used for PCBs
Aroclor
Elemex
Aroclor B
Eucarel
ALC
Fenclor
Apirolio
Hyvol
Asbestol
Inclor
ASK
Inerteen
Askarel*
Kaneclor
Adkarel
Kennechlor
Capacitor 21
Magvar
Chemco
MCS 1489
Chlorextol
No-Flamol
Chlorinated Biphenyl
Nepolin
EEC-18
* Askarel is also the generic term used for nonflammable
insulating liquid in transformers and capacitors.
Chlorinated Diphenyl
Nonflammable Liquid
Chlorinated Diphenylene
Phenoclor
Chlorinol
Polychlorobyphenyl
Chloro biphenyl
Pydraul
Chloro 1,1 .biphenyl
Pyralene
Clophen
Pyranol
Clorextol
Pyroclor
Clorinol
Saf-T-Kuhl
Clorphen
Sanotherm FR
Diaclor
Santovac 1 and 2
Dk
Therminol
Dykanol
Chlorinated Biphenyls
50
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Clean Air Act Amendments
Background
Air pollution has many sources. Some sources are obvious, like
industrial smokestacks, chemical plants, automobiles, trucks
and houses. Others are not obvious, like gasoline stations, dry
cleaners, outboard motors, lawn, garden, farm, and construction
equipment engines, certain paints and various household
products.
Air pollution, while often invisible, can create smog and
acid rain, cause cancer or other serious health effects, diminish
the protective ozone layer in the upper atmosphere and contrib-
ute to the potential for world climate change.
The overall goal of the Clean Air Act Amendments is to
reduce the pollutants in our air by 56 billion pounds a year
224 pounds for every man, woman and childby the time the
law is fully phased in by the year 2005. The new law builds on
the strength of the Clean Air Acts of 1970 and 1977 and the
environmental lessons learned over the past twenty years. As
the following goals are met, we will be breathing cleaner air
every year.
Control Acid Rain. Acid rain is caused in large part by power
plant emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Cutting
sulfur dioxide from power plants by half and dramatically
reducing nitrogen oxides from industrial and power plants as
well as motor vehicles will help restore hundreds of lakes and
streams and thousands of acres of damaged forests, slow down
aging of historic buildings and monuments, improve visibility,
and reduce acidic particles that may threaten public health.
Reduce Smog and Other Pollutants. Urban smog or ground
level ozone pollution, produced by motor vehicles and other
sources, will be substantially reduced. The object is to reduce
volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and carbon
monoxide, which can create or aggravate respiratory, heart and
other health problems.
Reduce Air Toxics. Chemical plants, steel mills and other
businesses will need to reduce their emissions of an additional
189 air toxicspollutants associated with cancer, birth defects
and other health risksin addition to those already regulated.
Protect the Ozone Layer. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and
related chemicals that deplete the ozone layer may be phased
out of production as early as the end of 1995. CFC recycling,
especially for automobile air conditioners and residential,
commercial and industrial cooling and refrigeration systems,
will be maximized to reduce current emissions.
Do The Clean Air Act Amendments Apply To My
Community?
Most provisions will not affect small communities or small
local governments, unless the community is included in an area
(called a "nonattainment area") that does not meet air quality
standards. In that case, your community will need to work
closely with the state air program office to bring the area into
compliance.
States are responsible for developing the plans for
bringing nonattainment areas into compliance. These are
legally enforceable, and will include specific requirements to
reduce pollution from "stationary sources," such as factories
and businesses, and from "mobile sources," such as cars and
trucks.
Stationary and mobile source requirements which may
apply to your community are described briefly below. If you
have questions or need detailed information you will need to
contact your local air authority or your state air program office.
Stationary Source Requirements
1. Municipal power plants can be affected in two ways,
either by requirements to control ground-level ozone or to
meet aiid rain requirements. Not all municipal power
plants will be affected by the acid rain regulations. Any
power plant that began commercial operations before
November 15, 1990, will be unaffected if it uses non-
fossil sources of energy or is simple gas turbinesor is
very snjiall units providing less than 25 megawatts of
capacity. Any municipal power plant that began opera-
tion on;or after November 15, 1990, will be affected by
the acid rain program. There are, however, small unit
exemptions for which your local air authority or state air
program office will be able to provide information and
technical assistance.
2. EPA has also issued emissions requirements that could
affect certain other municipal facilities. For example:
- Locally owned or operated municipal waste combustors
(MWCs) with a capacity of more than 250 tons per day
of municipal solid waste or refuse-derived fuel. The
requirements for MWCs affect any facility built or
modified after December 20,1989. Over the next few
years^ EPA will be developing requirements that will
apply to MWCs with a smaller capacity.
- Locally owned or operated hot-mixed asphalt facilities
built or modified after June 1973. A wide variety of al-
ternative testing and monitoring methods are required
to corttrol emissions from these facilities.
- Newly built or modified, and locally owned or operated
petroleum storage vessels with a capacity of greater
than 40,000 gallons.
- Locally owned or operated incinerators that burn wastes
containing more than 10% sewage sludge produced by
municipal sewage treatment plants. The requirements
apply to these facilities if they were built or modified
after June 1973.
3. EPA has proposed standards to control emissions from
municipal solid waste landfills. Because of concerns
about smog formation, potential toxic air emissions and
methane (a greenhouse gas that may contribute to climate
change); EPA's proposed rules apply to municipal solid
waste lajidfills with a design capacity of over 100,000
megagrams. The proposed rule, which will become final
51
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in 1993, will require collection and control of gas from all
gas producing portions of the landfill. Your community
should explore the possibility of profitable energy recov-
ery from the methane from these landfills.
4. Woodstoves and fireplace inserts have become very
popular in the past 20 years. Wood smoke often contains
a lot of particulates (dust, soot) and much higher levels of
hazardous air pollutants, including some cancer-causing
chemicals, than smoke from oil- or gas-fired furnaces. In
some areas of the country, wintertime air pollution from
wood smoke has become so bad that governments have
had to curtail the use of woodstoves and fireplaces under
certain weather and pollution conditions. Over the next
several years, EPA will issue guidelines for reducing
pollution from home wood-burning.
5. Since July 1,1992, EPA has prohibited the deliberate
release of chloroflourocarbons (CFCs) during service,
maintenance, repair or disposal of appliances and indus-
trial process refrigeration. Regulations are being drafted
which allow flexibility for safe disposal. For example,
your community could require that citizens be responsible
for having CFCs recovered prior to municipal pick-up of
used appliances, or your community could manage its
own recycling/recovery process. Your community should
begin looking at retrofits for locally owned or operated
chillers and industrial refrigeration equipment to prepare
for the 1996 phaseout of ozone-depleting substances.
Mobile Source Requirements
Vehicles are responsible for a great deal of the emissions that
cause smog and other air pollutants. If your small community
or small local government is designated as being inside an
ozone (smog) nonattainment area, the area-specific mobile
source requirements will apply. However, most nonattainment
areas are large metropolitan areas with heavy vehicle traffic. In
any event, some aspects of the mobile sources program will
provide substantial benefits to your community, such as the
lighter tailpipe standards and the low-sulfur diesel fuel standard
for heavy duty vehicles. If you are in an ozone nonattainment
area, the following requirements may apply:
- CVea/ier/we/s^-Requirements for less polluting, refor-
mulated gasoline will take effect in 1995 for areas with
severe ozone problems and in other areas that opt-in to
the reformulated gas program. Also, states are required
to carry out wintertime programs requiring oxygenated
gasoline in 39 cities with carbon monoxide (CO)
pollution. This fuel will reduce CO tail pipe emissions
by 17 percent.
- Cleaner new ve/w'c/ei^-Beginning in 1998, some
nonattainment areas must require that 30 percent of new
vehicles purchased by fleets meet stricter "clean-fuel"
vehicle standards. The fraction of new vehicles that
must meet these standards increases to 70 percent by
the year 2000. Stricter standards for urban buses are
also being phased in beginning in 1994.
52
- Better maintained vehicles on the roadMany cities
with serious ozone or carbon-monoxide pollution
problems will now be required to have high-tech
vehicle emissions inspection and maintenance pro-
grams. These "high-tech" or enhanced inspection and
maintenance programs are expected to be three times
more effective than current inspection programs in
reducing emissions from improperly maintained cars
and trucks.
- The transportation provisions in the Clean Air Act
Amendments require local transportation and air quality
officials to improve coordination of transportation and
air quality plans through a "conformity" process.
Transportation plans will have to become much more
specific so that their impacts on air quality can be
assessed. Local officials should be considering ways to
reduce air pollution through changes to transportation
systems that enhance public transportation, reduce
congestion and expand car-and van-pooling. Localities
in severe ozone areas are required to take measures to
reduce the numbers of vehicles used by employees of
large firms to commute to work.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Air pollution is everybody's business. In addition to complying
with the requirements above, your small community or small
local government can make a difference in reducing air
pollution. For example, you can:
Learn about the air quality in your areatalk to your local air
authority and your state air program office;
Work with representatives of industry, environmental groups,
citizens, and health associations to identify air quality issues and
recommend potential solutions; and
Report problemsif you see an air pollution problem, advise
your local or state air program authority.
When environmental scientists talk about air pollution,
they talk in terms of millions of tons of emissions of pollution.
It is not easy to relate these figures to the smoke coming out of
chimneys or the exhaust coming out of cars. However, even
small sources of pollution, when added to hundreds or thou-
sands of other small sources, do harm the environment and can
be dangerous to public health. If we all do our share to reduce
air pollution, the benefits will be tremendous. For example, if
consumers set their air conditioners six degrees higher, it will
save 190,000 barrels of oil a day and eliminate all those
pollutants that come from burning the oil to produce the elec-
tricity involved.
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Additional Information
The Clean Air Act Amendments regulations are published
in Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 1 to 99.
EPA has established an acid rain hotline number: 617-674-
7377 to answer questions and provide program materials.
This is not a toll-free number.
"The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: A Guide for
Small Businesses," U.S. EPA Office of Air and Radiation,
September 1992. Available by calling EPA at: 202-260-
7400.
"The Plain English Guide to the Clean Air Act," U.S. EPA
Office of Air and Radiation, April 1993. Available by
calling EPA at: 202-260-7751.
"The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: An Introduc-
tory Guide To Smart Implementation," The Clean Air Act
Advisory Committee, April 1992. Available by calling
EPA at: 202-260-7400.
"The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: A Primer on
Consensus Building," The Clean Air Act Advisory Com-
mittee, September 1992. Available by calling EPA at 202-
260-7400.
"The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: A Guide to
Public Financing Options," The Clean Air Act Advisory
Committee, November 1992. Available by calling EPA at:
202-260-7400.
For various transportation information materials, contact
the National Association of Regional Councils' Clean Air
Project in Washington, DC, 202-457-0710.
(See Resource Section for air contacts)
53
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54
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VOLUNTARY
PROGRAMS
55
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Pollution Prevention
Background
Since the best approach to protecting human health and the
environment is to keep problems from occurring in the first
place, EPA has a "Pollution Prevention" strategya preferred
way to think about protecting the Nation's natural resources,
our health, and the quality of life of future generations.
The primary goal of pollution prevention is to
Stop or reduce the generation of wastes and pollutants at their
source. If that is not possible, then,
Recycling is the next best alternative.
If neither of these is possible, then pollution must be treated in
an environmentally safe manner. Pollutants should be released
into the environment only as a last resort, and local officials
should do everything possible to make sure that the release is
environmentally safe.
Instead of using traditional treatment and control methods,
pollution prevention aims to anticipate and avoid the generation
of pollutants in the first place.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Rulings by courts, pronouncements by EPA, or wishing alone
cannot clean up the environment or keep it from becoming more
polluted. What we need is an attitude change. Community
leaders can help by encouraging environmental awareness and
finding ways to create a new ethicpollution prevention first.
Small communities are in a unique position to make things
happen and to win this battle. They can encourage and
stimulate people to prevent pollution in their daily lives in areas
like agriculture, transportation, energy generation, hospitals and
schools.
Here are ways community leaders can fight pollution and
preserve environmental quality, human health and natural
resources:
Set pollution prevention as a major goal and integrate the
concept into all your activities. Publicly recognize that pollu-
tion prevention is a priority. Talk about it and write about it!
Then practice what you preachset an example.
Educate the public, businesses and industry about pollution
prevention. Help people understand how better uses of natural
resources and more efficient ways of working can increase
profits and result in a cleaner environment.
Develop programs that provide environmental alternatives.
Recycle paper, glass, plastic, aluminum, scrap metal, motor
oil and yard waste.
Use less energy. Set back thermostats, insulate, buy energy-
efficient lighting and appliances and make creative use of day-
light.
Use less water. Be conservative. Use ultra-low flush toilets,
install water meters, repair leaks, review maintenance sched-
ules, use water conserving landscaping.
56
Transportation. Buy energy-efficient automobiles and other
vehicles and keep them tuned. Bike or walk when possible.
Sustainable agriculture. Take advantage of natural methods
of protection. Apply pesticides such as insecticides and
herbicides carefully if they must be used.
Reduce smoke, radon, asbestos and other indoor-air pollut-
ants.
Hazardous waste. Reduce toxic chemical use by encouraging
the use and purchase of non-toxic substitutes for toxic
ingredients or products. Recycle used motor oil.
Buy recycled or recyclable products. Seek out reusable,
recyclable or returnable packages.
Lead. Be careful around surfaces covered with lead-based
paint, and be cautious when children are nearby during renova-
tion or rehabilitation of old buildings. Test drinking water to
make sure it does not contain harmful contaminants such as lead
or pesticides.
Plant trees, shrubs and indoor plants. They replenish the
earth's oxygen supply and clean the air by removing pollution.
Additional Information
You can receive additional information about pollution
prevention by calling the Pollution Prevention Information
Clearinghouse at 202-260-1023 between the hours of 10:00
a.m. to 4:00 p.m. eastern standard time, Monday - Friday.
Questions and requests for information can also be mailed
to:
Pollution Prevention Clearinghouse
401 M Street, SW PM-211A
Washington, DC 20460
Other hotlines of interest:
Toxic Substances Control Act Hotline: 202-554-1404
Green Lights Hotline: 202-775-6650
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Wellhead Protection
Background
The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act call
upon each state to develop a Wellhead Protection (WHP)
Program. This legislation established a nation-wide program to
encourage states to develop systematic and comprehensive
programs within their jurisdictions to protect public water
supply (PWS) wells and wellfields from contamination.
At a minimum, each state's Wellhead Protection Program
must:
Specify roles and duties of state agencies, local government
entities and public water suppliers, with respect to Wellhead
Protection Programs.
Delineate the wellhead protection area (WHPA) for each
wellhead.
. Identify potential sources of contaminants within each well-
head protection area.
Develop management approaches to protect the water supply
within wellhead protection areas from such contaminants.
Develop contingency plans for each public water supply
system to respond to well or wellfield contamination or emer-
gencies that could lead to contamination.
Site new wells properly to maximize yield and minimize
potential contamination.
Ensure public participation.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
The Wellhead Protection Program works best with the partici-
pation of all levels of government. The responsibilities of local
governments depend upon: 1) whether their state has a program;
and, 2) what the program's guidelines are. Check with your
state agency for more information, especially because localities
are often in the best position to make sure that wellhead areas
are properly protected from contamination. If your state does
not have a wellhead protection program, your EPA Regional
Office can assist you with starting a local program.
Local governments usually implement zoning decisions,
develop land-use plans, oversee building and fire codes,
implement health requirements, supply water and sewer
services and enforce police powers. Each of these local powers
may be used to protect the quality of local aquifers .
Local cities and counties also are often the innovators in
developing wellhead protection programs by applying combina-
tions of management techniques (e.g., zoning and source
prohibitions) to meet unique local conditions. Localities often
protect groundwater as part of larger projects, such as develop-
ing growth management plans or economic development
efforts. In close cooperation with regional, state and federal
agencies, local governments can take positive steps to protect
their wellhead areas.
The wellhead protection program can help prevent costly
contamination of drinking water supplies. EPA has several
publications on the benefit of wellhead protection and easy-to-
follow steps to start a program. (Call the EPA Safe Drinking
Water Hotline)
Additional Information
EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline: 1 -800-426-4791.
(See Resource Section for water contacts)
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Indoor Air
Background
Mosi people arc aware that outdoor air pollution can damage
their health but they may not know that indoor air pollution can
also have significant harmful effects. Two of the indoor
pollutants posing the greatest health risks are radon and second-
hand tobacco smoke. Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive
gas, is second only to smoking as a cause of lung cancer in this
country. Nearly one out of every 15 homes in the United States
is estimated to have radon levels that exceed the action level.
Other indoor pollutants of concern include asbestos from
building materials; volatile organic compounds from household
products like paints, pressed wood furniture, cleaners and
solvents; combustion gases from kerosene heaters and unvented
or improperly functioning gas and woodstoves; biological
contaminants from wet building materials or unhygienic indoor
conditions; and, lead from old lead-based paint.
Exposure to indoor air pollutants is believed to have
increased over the past several decades. The reasons include
construction of more tightly sealed buildings, reductions in
ventilation rates to save energy, use of synthetic building
materials and furnishings, and use of chemically formulated
personal care products, pesticides and household cleaners.
At the federal level, many EPA offices are active in
indoor air issues. The Office of Air and Radiation helps
coordinate these efforts, as well as operating the Radon Action
Program. At the state level, the Radon Action Program and
other indoor air pollution problems are managed by both envi-
ronmental departments and health departments depending on
their authority.
How The Indoor Air Program Applies To Your Community
Local communities, in concert with state governments, play a
vital role in reducing the public health risk of indoor pollution.
It is very likely that there are homes, daycare centers, schools or
commercial buildings in your community that have elevated
indoor air pollutant levels.
The indoor air program is primarily non-regulatory. In
1988, Congress enacted the Indoor Radon Abatement Act,
giving EPA authority for radon training, state grants and other
important efforts. Since 1990, EPA has provided over $30
million funding in grants to Slates to assist in the development
of state radon programs. In addition, EPA has established an
action level for indoor radon levels of 4 pCi/L (picocuries per
liter).
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
Many indoor air problems can be easily prevented or fixed once
the problem is recognized. Easy access to information about
indoor air pollution sources and solutions will help lower
people's exposure to indoor pollutants that may jeopardize their
health.
Local governments can act to protect their residents from
indoor pollution in several ways: first, through developing
education and outreach programs; second, through adopting
53
building codes for new construction, such as the model radon
building codes currently proposed by the EPA; third, by
encouraging voluntary testing for radon in local communities;
fourth, by ensuring that local radon contractors are approved by
EPA's Radon Contractor Proficiency Program; and finally, by
working in conjunction with the state radon office, state air
program office, county health agencies and community organi-
zations, such as the American Lung Association, to elevate local
attention to this important health risk.
For the most current information and assistance on indoor
air pollution, local governments should contact their state radon
program or EPA regional air program offices.
Additional Information
EPA has established a toll-free number for its Indoor Air
Quality Information Clearinghouse, 800-438-4318; and a
toll-free number for radon, 1-800-SOS-RADON. Many
states also have toll-free numbers to answer questions
regarding radon.
"The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality," U.S.
EPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, September 1988.
Available from the Indoor Air Quality Information Clear-
inghouse.
"Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and
Facility Managers," U.S. EPA Office of Radiation and
Indoor Air, December 1991. Available from the Govern-
ment Printing Office, Document #: 055-000-00390-4,
Cost: $24.00.
"A Citizen's Guide to Radon (Second Edition): The Guide
to Protecting Yourself and Your Family from Radon," U.S.
EPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, May 1992.
Available from the EPA Public Information Center, 202-
260-7751.
"Consumer's Guide to Radon Reduction: How to Reduce
Radon Levels in Your Home," U.S. EPA Office of Radia-
tion and Indoor Air, September 1992. Available from the
EPA Public Information Center, 202-260-7751.
"Home Buyer's and Seller's Guide to Radon," U.S. EPA
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, February 1993. Avail-
able from the EPA Public Information Center, 202-260-
7751.
"Radon Measurements in Schools," U.S. EPA Office of
Radiation and Indoor Air, March 1989. Available from the
EPA Public Information Center, 202-260-7751.
"Radon-Resistant Residential New Construction," U.S.
EPA Office of Radiation and Indoor Air, July 1988.
Available from the EPA Public Information Center, 202-
260-7751.
(See Resource Section for contacts under air and radon)
-------
Green Lights
Background
"Green Lights" is a voluntary program aimed at preventing air
pollution and saving energy by reducing emissions from power
plants. About one quarter of the electricity sold in the United
States is used for lighting.
EPA encourages organizations and individuals to volun-
tarily switch to energy-efficient lighting. By May of 1993, over
900 companies, state governments and other organizations had
enrolled in the Green Lights Program and were cutting electric-
ity use and saving money on their electricity bills.
EPA estimates energy-efficient lighting use in the U.S.
could result in a reduction of: annual carbon dioxide emissions
of 202 million metric tons, or four percent of the total; 1.3
million metric tons of sulfur dioxide emissions, or seven percent
of the total; and, 600,000 metric tons of nitrogen oxide emis-
sions or four percent of the total.
Actions Your Community Should Be Taking
EPA encourages your community to join the Green Lights
program by calling the hotline number listed below for informa-
tion. Green Lights offers consumers of electricity, large and
small, the opportunity to save money while helping to prevent
air pollution. Small communities and small local governments
need to explore the benefits of Green Lights while saving
taxpayers' dollars in the process.
Additional Information
EPA has established a hotline number for the Green Lights
Program, 202-775-6650. This is not a toll-free number.
"Green Lights (The Second Year): A Bright Investment in the
Environment, " U.S. EPA Office of Atmospheric Programs,
March 1993. Available from hotline.
"Green Lights: An Enlightened Approach to Energy-Effi-
ciency and Pollution Prevention," U. S. EPA Of fice of Atmos-
pheric Programs, June, 1993. Available from hotline. .
"The Climate is Right for Action," U.S. EPA Office of
Atmospheric Programs, October 1992. Available from hot-
59
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Environmental Finance Program
Background
Environmental goals cannot be met without financing, which is
essential to implementing state and local programs. EPA's
Environmental Finance Program focuses on bridging the gap
between the growing costs of environmental protection and the
ability of state and local governments to meet these rising costs.
Drawing upon the financing expertise of its staff and the
Environmental Financial Advisory Board (EFAB), the
Environmental Finance Program (EFP) seeks to lower costs,
increase investment and build capacity by creating partnerships
with the private sector and state and local governments to help
fund vital environmental infrastructure.
How The Environmental Finance Program Applies To Your
Community
The Environmental Finance Program builds and enhances local
capacity through the following activities.
Environmental Finance Centers (EFCs). These are university
programs on environmental finance that provide state and local
officials with training, advisory services, publications, and
analyses on financing trends and techniques. The goal is to
establish these centers at major universities throughout the
country, ideally with at least one in every EPA Region.
Currently, two pilot Environmental Finance Centers are
underway at the Universities of New Mexico and Maryland,
both of which have proven to be effective vehicles for
promoting innovative environmental financing techniques.
* Demonstration projects. Through support of states and
localities, the Environmental Finance Program has tested over
45 "real world" environmetnal finance models by fostering
public-private partnership demonstration projects. Lessons
learned from these projects have been published in documents
in order to replicate project successes in other communities. For
more information about demonstration projects call the
Environmental Finance Program at 202-260-1020.
Environmental Financing Information Network (EFIN). This
is an electronic multi-media environmental finance database,
which provides states and local officials with information and
case studies on funding methods. EFIN may be accessed
through LEGISNET, the database of the National Conference of
State Legislatures; LEX, Public Technology's Local Exchange
database; and, EPA's Online Library System (OLS), which will
also be used to link the Environmental Finance Centers through
the Internet connection or by modem so they can share
information on financing techniques. For information about
accessing EFIN call 202-260-0420.
Additional Information
For further information on the Environmental Finance
Program please call: 202-260-1020.
Environmental Finance Centers:
University of New Mexico: 505-272-7357
University of Maryland: 301-405-6383
60
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RESOURCE
SECTION
61
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The state information in the Resource Section was provided by The Council of State Governments
publication titled: Resource Guide to State Environmental Management, 3rd Edition, (August 1993).
For more information contact Steve Brown at (606) 231-1866.
62
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ALABAMA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Management
State Capitol
Montgomery, AL 36130
Air: 205-271-7861
Department of Environmental Management
1751 Congressman W.L. Dickinson Drive
Montgomery, AL 36130
Hazardous Waste: 205-271-7736
Emergency Response: 205-271-7931
Solid Waste: 205-271-7988
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 205-271-7726
Water Agency: 205-271-7823
Drinking Water: 205-271-7773
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 205-271-7852
Stormwater Management: 205-271-7852
Underground Storage Tanks: 205-271-7830
Wetlands: 205-271-7782
Waste Minimization/Reductiort/Prevention: 205-271-7740
Department of Public Health
434 Monroe Street
Montgomery, AL 36130
Asbestos: 205-261-5007
Radon: 205-242-5315
Agriculture & Industries Department
P.O. Box 3336
Montgomery, AL 36193
Pesticides Control: 205-242-2656
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-582-1866
ALABAMA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
General Information: 404-347-4727
Water Management Division
404-347-4450
Surface Water
Ground Water
Wetlands ,
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division
404-347-3043!
Air
Asbestos
Pesticides ,
Radon
Waste Management Division
404-347-3454,
Emergency Response
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
63
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ALASKA (State Contacts)
ALASKA (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Conservation
410 Willoughby Avenue
Juneau,AK 99801
Air. 907-465-5100
Hazardous Waste: 907-465-5150
Emergency Response: 907-465-5220
Water Agency: 907-465-5300
Drinking Water: 907-465-5301
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 907-465-5300
Stormwater Management: 907-465-5300
Underground Storage Tanks: 907-465-5250,907-465-5321
Department of Environmental Conservation
P.O. Box O
Juneau,AK 99811
Asbestos: 907-465-2671
Solid Waste: 907-465-2671
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 907-465-2671
Pesticides Control: 907-465-5280
Department of Environmental Conservation
Pollution Prevention Office
3601C Street, Suite 1334
Anchorage, AK 99503
Pollution Prevention: 907-563-6529
Department of Health and Social Services
P.O. Box H
Juneau,AK 99811
Radon: 907-465-3019
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-478-4845
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
General Information: 206-553-4973
Water Division
206-553-1793
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
206-553-4152
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Division
206-553-1261
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Superfund
64
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JRIZON A (State Contacts)
Jame of State Agency
epartment of Environmental Quality
033 North Central Avenue
hoenix, AZ 85012
ir: 602-207-2301
[azardous Waste: 602-207-4153
olid Waste: 602-207-4123
lunicipal Landfill Permit Review: 602-207-4123
rinking Water: 602-207-4643
/ater Agency: 602-207-2305
idustrial Pretreatment Program: 602-207-4687
fastewater Discharge Permitting: 602-207-4687
tormwater Management: 602-207-4687
nderground Storage Tanks: 602-207-4345
'etlands: 602-207-3300
faste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 602-207-4207
nergency Response: 602-207-4150
rizona Radiation Regulation Agency
!14 South 40th Street
\oenix, AZ 85040
adon: 602-255^845
gricultural and Horticultural Commission
i88 West Adams, Room 421
loenix, AZ 85004
:sticides Control: 602-542-4373
ARIZONA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection
Region 9 i
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
General Information: 415-744-1305
Water Management Division
415-744-2125 !
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Wetlands
Air and Toxics D ivision
415-744-1219
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
415-744-1730 ;
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Superfund
Emergency Response
65
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ARKANSAS (State Contacts)
ARKANSAS (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Pollution Control and Ecology
P.O. Box 9583
Little Rock, AR 72219
Air: 501-562-7444
Asbestos: 501-562-7444
Hazardous Waste: 501-562-7444
Emergency Response: 501-370-2108
Solid Waste: 501-562-7444
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 501-562-7444
Water Agency: 501-562-7444
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 501-562-7444
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 501-562-7444
Storm-water Management: 501-562-7444
Underground Storage Tanks: 501-562-7444
Wetlands: 501-562-7444
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 501-570-2128
Department of Health
Division of Radiation Control & Emergency Management
4815 West Markham Street
Little Rock, AR 72205
Radon: 501-661-2574
Drinking Water: 501-661-2623
Arkansas State Plant Board
1 Natural Resources Drive
P.O. Box 1069
Little Rock, AR 72203
Pesticides Control: 501-225-1598
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 6
First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain Place
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
General Information: 214-655-6444
Water Management Division
214-655-7100
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Division
214-655-7200
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
214-655-6700
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Hazardous Waste
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
214-655-6755
Underground Storage Tanks
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CALIFORNIA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Air Resources Board
P.O. Box 2815
Sacramento, CA 95812
Air: 916-445-4383
California Environmental Protection Agency
Integrated Waste Management Board
8800 Cal Center Drive
Sacramento, CA 95826
Solid Waste: 916-255-2200
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 916-255-2200
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 916-322-3330
Department of Health Services
400 P Street
Sacramento, CA 95814
Asbestos: 916-324-1807
Hazardous Waste: 916-322-2308
Emergency Response: 916-324-1782
Department of Health Services
501N. 7th Street
P.O. Box 942732
Sacramento, CA 95234-7320
Drinking Water: 916-323-6111
Radon: 916-324-2208
Resources Agency
Department of Water Resources
P.O. Box 942836
jacramento, CA 94236
Water Agency: 916-653-7007
Resources Agency
loastal Commission
15 Fremont Street, Suite #2000
3an Francisco, CA 94105
Wetlands: 415-904-5200
2A State Water Resources Control Board
. Box 944212
Sacramento, CA 95814
Water Agency: 916-657-0941
ndustrial Pretreatment Program: 916-657-0775
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 916-657-0908
3 toxin water Management: 916-657-0908
Jnderground Storage Tanks: 916-227-4303
Department of Pesticide Regulation
1220 N Street; A-414, P.O. Box 942871
Sacramento, CA 95814
Pesticides Control: 916-654-0551
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-745-7236
CALIFORNIA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection
Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco'C A 94105
General Information: 415-744-1305
Water Management Division
415-744-2125 ;
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Wetlands
Air and Toxics Division
415-744-1219 ;
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides ;
Hazardous Waste Management Division
415-744-1730
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Superfund
Emergency Response
67
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COLORADO (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Office of Environment
4300 Cherry Creek Drive South
Denver, CO 80222-1530
Aifi 303-692-3115
Asbestos: 303-692-3164
Radon: 303-692-3030
Hazardous Waste: 303-692-3300
Emergency Response: 303-756-4455
Solid Waste: 303-692-3300
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 303-692-3445
Drinking Water: 303-692-3500
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 303-692-3608
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 303-692-3610
Stormwater Management: 303-692-3608
Underground Storage Tanks: 303-692-3453
PollutionPrevention: 303-692-3006
Department of Natural Resources
1313 Sherman Street, Room 818
Denver, CO 80203
Water Agency: 303-866-3311
Wildlife Division
Central Region
6060 Broadway
Denver, CO 80216
Wetlands: 303-291-7231
Water Resources: 303-866-3581
Plant Industry Division
Pesticides Inspection
1525 Sherman Drive, 4th Floor
Denver, CO 80203
Pesticides Control: 303-239-4139
Radon TollFree Number: 1-800-846-3986
COLORADO (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 8
99918th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2466
General Information: 303-293-1603
Water Management Division
303-293-1542
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
303-293-0946
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
303-293-1720
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Emergency Response (303-330-1788)
Superfund
68
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CONNECTICUT (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Protection
165 Capitol Avenue, Room 144
Hartford, CT 06106
Air: 203-566-7854
Hazardous Waste: 203-566-6682
Emergency Response: 203-566-4633
Solid Waste: 203-566-5847
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 203-566-5847
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 203-566-5903
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 203-566-5903
Stormwater Management: 203-566-5903
Underground Storage Tanks: 203-566-5148
Wetlands: 203-566-7220
Pesticides Control: 203-566-5148
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 203-566-2860
Department of Environmental Protection
122 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06106
Water Agency: 203-566-2110
Department of Health Services
150 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06106
Asbestos: 203-566-1260
Radon: 203-566-5626
Drinking Water: 203-566-1251
CONNECTICUT (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 1
John E. Kennedy Federal Building
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
General Information: 617-565-3420
Water Management Division
617-565-3478
Drinking Water
Wetlands
Ground Water
Waste water |
Air Management Division
617-565-3800 !
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Waste Management Division
617-573-5700
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Pollution Prevention Program Coordinators
617-565-3387
Pollution Prevention
69
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DELAWARE (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Control
89 Kings Highway
P.O. Box 1401
Dover, DE 19903
Air: 302-739-4791
Hazardous Waste: 302-739-3689
Emergency Response: 302-739-3694
Solid Waste: 302-739-3820
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 302-323-3820
Water Agency: 302-739-4860
Industrial PretreatmentProgram: 302-739-4411
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 302-739-5731
Stormwater Management: 302-739-4411
Underground Storage Tanks: 302-739-4588
Wetlands: 302-739-4691
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 302-739-4764
Air Resources Section
715Grantham
New Castle, DE 19720
Asbestos: 302-323-4542
Division of Public Health
Cooper Building, P.O. Box 637
Dover, DE 19903
Radon: 302-739-3839
Drinking Water: 302-739-5410
Department of Agriculture
Pesticide Compliance Section
2320 South DuPont Highway
Dover, DE 19901
Pesticides Control: 302-739-4811
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-554-4636
DELAWARE (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 3
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
General Information: 215-597-9800
Water Management Division
215-597-9410
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater, Stormwater
Sludge
Air, Radiation and Toxics Division
215-597-9390
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
215-597-8181
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Emergency Response
Underground Storage Tanks
Environmental Services Division
Annapolis Laboratory
410-573-2682
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Services Division
Wetlands Section
215-597-9301
Wetlands
Environmental Services Division
Environmental Planning & Assessment Section
215-597-6289
Pollution Prevention
70
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FLORIDA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Protection
2600 Blairstone Road
Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400
Air: 904-488-0114
Asbestos: 904-488-1344
Hazardous Waste: 904-488-0300
Emergency Response: 904-488-0190
Solid Waste: 904-922-6104
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 904-922-6104
Water Agency: 904-488-0130
Drinking Water: 904-487-1762
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 904-488-4522
Waste water Discharge Permitting: 904-488-4520
Stormwater Management: 904-488-0782
Underground Storage Tanks: 904-488-3935
Wetlands: 904-487-0130
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 904-922-6104
Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services
1317 Winewood Boulevard
rallahassee,FL 32399
ladon: 904-487-1004
Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
5125 Conner Boulevard
rallahassee,FL 32399
'esticides Control: 904-488-3314
iadon Toll Free Number: 1-800-543-8279
FLORIDA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Felderal Agency
I
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
General Information: 404-347-4727
Water Management Division
404-347-4450
Surface Water
Ground Water
Wetlands ;
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division
404-347-3043 '
Air
Asbestos ':
« Pesticides
Radon
Waste Management Division
404-347-3454 ;
Emergency Response
« Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
71
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GEORGIA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Natural Resources
205 Butler Street, S.E.
Atlanta, GA 30334
Air: 404-656-6900
Hazardous Waste: 404-656-7802
Emergency Response: 404-656-6905
Department of Natural Resources
205 Butler Street, S.W., East Tower
Atlanta, GA 30334
Water Agency: 404-656-4708
Drinking Water. 404-656-4708
Wetlands: 404-656-4708
Department of Natural Resources
Asbestos Unit
Air Protection Branch
156 Trinity Avenue, Suite 315
Atlanta, GA 30303
Asbestos: 404-656-4999
Department of Human Resources
878 Peachtree Street, N.E., Room 100
Atlanta, G A 30309
Radon: 404-362-2675
Department of Natural Resources
4244 International Parkway
Atlanta, G A 30354
Solid Waste: 404-362-2692
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 404-362-2692
Underground Storage Tanks: 404-362-2687
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 404-362-2539
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 404-362-2680
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 404-362-2680
Department of Agriculture
Pesticides Division
19 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive
Atlanta, GA 30334
Pesticides Control: 404-656-4960
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-745-0037
GEORGIA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
General Information: 404-347-4727
Water Management Division
404-347-4450
Surface Water
Ground Water
Wetlands
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division
404-347-3043
Air
Asbestos
Pesticides
Radon
Waste Management Division
404-347-3454
Emergency Response
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
72
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HAWAII (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
invironmental Health Administration
P.O. Box 3378,1250 Punchbowl Street
Honolulu, HI 96801
Air: 808-586-4200
Asbestos: 808-586-4200
Radon: 808-586-4700
Hazardous Waste: 808-586-4225
Emergency Response: 808-586-4249
Solid Waste: 808-586-4225
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 808-586-4225
linking Water: 808-586-4258
)epartment of Land and Natural Resources
'.O. Box 373
ionolulu, HI 96809
Vater Agency: 808-587-0214
'lant Industry Division
'esricides Branch
'.O. Box 22159
fonolulu, HI 96813
'esticides Control: 808-548-7124
HAWAII (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection
Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
General Information: 415-744-1305
1
Water Management Division
415-744-2125
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater \
Wetlands
Air and Toxics Division
415-744-1219
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
415-744-1730
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Super fund
Emergency Response
73
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IDAHO (State Contacts)
IDAHO (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Health and Welfare
Slate House
Boise, ID 83720
Air: 208-334-5898
Department of Health and Welfare
450 West State Street
Boise, ID 83720
Radon: 208-334-6584
Hazardous Waste: 208-334-5879
Emergency Response: 208-334-3263
Solid Waste: 208-334-5860
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 208-334-5882
Water Agency: 208-334-5860
Drinking Water: 208-334-5879
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 208-334-5898
Underground Storage Tanks: 208-334-5845
Wetlands: 208-334-5840
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 208-334-6664
Water Resources Department
1301 North Orchard
Boiso,ID 83720
Water Agency: 208-327-7900
Stormwater Management: 208-327-7900
Agriculture Department
P.O. Box 790
Boise, ID 83720
Pesticides Control: 208-334-3240
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-445-8647
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
General Information: 206-553-4973
Water Division
206-553-1793
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
206-553-4152
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Division
206-553-1261
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Superfund
74
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LLLINOIS (State Contacts)
\Fame of State Agency
llinois Environmental Protection Agency
1200 Churchill Road
Springfield, IL 62706
\ir: 217-782-7326
\sbestos: 217-782-2011
Drinking Water: 217-785-8653
Emergency Response: 217-785-0380
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 217-782-6762
Water: 217-782-1654
ndustrial Pretreatment Program: 217-782-1696
Vastewater Discharge Permitting: 217-782-0610
Jtormwater Management: 217-782-1654
Jnderground Storage Tanks: 217-782-6761
Vaste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 217-782-6761
lazardous Waste Management (RCRA): 217-782-6760
)epartment of Nuclear Safety
035 Outer Park Drive, 3rd Floor
pringfield,IL 62704
ladon: 217-785-9900
)epartment of Energy and Natural Resources
808 Woodfield Road
avoy,IL 61874
lazardous Waste: 217-333-8940
tepartment of Energy and Natural Resources
25 West Adams Street, Room 300
pringfield,IL 62704
olid Waste: 217-785-2800
tepartment of Conservation
24 South Second Street
pringfield, IL 62706
Wetlands: 217-782-3715
tepartment of Agriculture
.O. Box 19281
pringfield, IL 62794
esticides Control: 217-785-8218
adon Toll Free Number: 1-800-325-1245
ILLINOIS (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Regions
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
General Information:
312-353-2000
Water Division
312-353-2147 !
Drinking Water
Ground Water
v» Wastewater
Air and Radiation Division
312-353-2212 ;
Air
Radon
Waste Management Division
312-886-7579
Superfund
EmergencyResponse
Off ice of RCRA
312-886-7435 !
Municipal Sdlid Waste
Underground Storage Tanks
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Sciences Division
312-353-3808
Pesticides
Asbestos
75
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INDIANA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Management
P.O. Box 6015,105 South Meridian Street
Indianapolis, IN 46206
Air: 317-232-5586
Asbestos: 317-232-8422
Hazardous Waste: 317-232-4518
Emergency Response: 317-243-5057
Solid Waste: 317-232-4473
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 317-232-8866
Water Agency: 317-232-8476
Drinking Water: 317-233-4222
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 317-232-8710
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 317-232-8432
Stormwater Management: 317-232-8703
Wetlands: 317-243-5028
Underground Storage Tanks: 317-233-6412
Health Board
1330 West Michigan Street, Box 1964
Indianapolis, IN 45206
Radon: 317-633-0146
Department of Natural Resources
Water Division
2475 Directors Row
Indianapolis, IN 46241
Water Agency: 317-232-4160
Department of Agriculture
Purdue University
West Lafayette, IN 47907
Pesticides Control: 317-494-1492
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-272-9723
INDIANA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
General Information: 312-353-2000
Water Division
312-353-2147
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Radiation Division
312-353-2212
Air
Radon
Waste Management Division
312-886-7579
Superfund
EmergencyResponse
OfficeofRCRA
312-886-7435
Municipal Solid Waste
Underground Storage Tanks
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Sciences Division
312-353-3808
Pesticides
Asbestos
76
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IOWA (State Contacts)
IOWA (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Environmental Protection Division
Wallace State Office Building
900 East Grand
DesMoines,IA 50319
Air: 515-281-8852
Asbestos: 515-281-8443
Hazardous Waste: 515-281-8934
Emergency Response: 515-281-8883
Solid Waste: 515-281-4968
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 515-281-6807
Water Agency: 515-281-8869
Drinking Water: 515-281-8877
fndustrial Pretreatment Program: 515-281-8884
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 515-281-8877
Stormwater Management: 515-281-7017
Underground Storage Tanks: 515-281-8135
Wetlands: 515-281-8045
Department of Public Health
Bureau of Environmental Health
.Aicas State Office Building
Des Moines, IA 50319
ladon: 515-281-4928
Department of Natural Resources
Wallace State Office Building
)es Moines, IA 50319
Vaste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 515-281-8975
)epartment of Agriculture and Land Stewardship
Vallace State Office Building
>OOE. Grand
Des Moines, IA 50319
'esticides Control: 515-281-5861
ladon Toll Free Number: 1-800-383-5992
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 7
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
General Information: 913-551-7000
Water Management Division
913-551-7030 !
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
913-551-7020
Air
Radon
Pesticides :
Asbestos
Waste Management Division
913-551-7050 '.
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Environmental Services Division
913-551-5000 '
Emergency Planning
77
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KANSAS (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Health and Environment
Division of Environment
740 Forbes Field
Topcka,KS 66620
Air: 913-296-1593
Asbestos: 913-296-1547
Radon: 913-296-1593
Hazardous Waste: 913-296-1608
Emergency Response: 913-296-1660
Solid Waste: 913-296-1594
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 913-296-1594
Water Agency: 913-296-5500
Drinking Water: 913-296-5503
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 913-296-5547
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 913-296-5547
Underground Storage Tanks: 913-296-1678
Wetlands: 913-296-5575
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 913-296-1609
Board of Agriculture
Pesticide Registration, Plant Health Division
901S. Kansas Avenue
Topeka,KS 66612
Pesticides Control: 913-296-2264
KANSAS (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 7
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
General Information: 913-551-7000
Water Management D ivision
913-551-7030
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
913-551-7020
Air
Radon
Pesticides
Asbestos
Waste Management Division
913-551-7050
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Environmental Services Division
913-551-5000
Emergency Planning
78
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KENTUCKY (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department for Environmental Protection
316St.ClairMall
Frankfort, KY 40601
Air: 502-564-3382
Asbestos: 502-564-3382
Division of Community Safety
Radon Unit, Radiation Control Branch
275 East Main Street
Frankfort, KY 40621
Radon: 502-564-3700
Department for Environmental Protection
Division of Waste Management
14 Reilly Road, Ft. Boone Plaza
Frankfort, KY 40601
Hazardous Waste: 502-564-6716
Emergency Response: 502-564-2150 or 564-2380 (24 hrs.)
Solid Waste: 502-564-6716
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 502-564-6716
Water Agency: 502-564-3410
Drinking Water: 502-564-3410
fndustrial Pretreatment Program: 502-564-3410
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 502-564-3410
Stormwater Management: 502-564-3410
Underground Storage Tanks: 502-564-6716
Wetlands: 502-564-3410
Department of Agriculture
Division of Pesticides
500 Mero Street, Capital Plaza Tower
7rankfort,KY 40601
'esticides Control: 502-564-7274
KENTUCKY (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
General Information: 404-347-4727
Water Management Division
404-347-4450
Surface Water
Ground Water
Wetlands
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Aur, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division
404-347-3043 ;
Air
Asbestos
Pesticides ,
Radon
Waste Management Division
404-347-3454
Emergency Response
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
79
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LOUISIANA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82135
Baton Rouge, LA 70884
Air: 504-765-0219
Asbestos: 504-765-0219
Radon: 504-765-0219
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82178
Baton Rouge, LA 70884
Hazardous Waste: 504-765-0355
Emergency Response: 504-295-8900
Solid Waste: 504-765-0249
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 504-765-0810
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 504-765-0249
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82215
Baton Rouge, LA 70884
Water Agency: 504-765-0634
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 504-765-0634
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 504-765-0634
Stormwater Management: 504-765-0634
Wetlands: 504-765-0634
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82178
Baton Rouge, LA 70884
Underground Storage Tanks: 504-765-0243
Department of Health and Hospitals
P.O. Box 60630
New Orleans, LA 70160
Drinking Water: 504-568-5101
LOUISIANA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 6
First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain Place
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
General Information: 214-655-6444
Water Management Division
214-655-7100
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Division
214-655-7200
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
214-655-6700
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Hazardous Waste
Office of Underground S torage Tanks
214-655-6755
Underground Storage Tanks
Department of Agriculture and Forestry
Pesticide Commission
P.O. Box 44153
Baton Rouge, LA 70894
Pesticides Control: 504-925-3763
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-256-2494
80
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MAINE (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Protection
State House Station 17
Augusta, ME 04333
Air: 207-287-2437
Asbestos: 207-582-8740
Hazardous Waste: 207-287-2651
Emergency Response: 207-287-2651
Solid Waste: 207-582-8740
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 207-582-8740
Water Agency: 207-287-3901
ndustrial Pretreatment Program: 207-287-3901
-Vastewater Discharge Permitting: 207-287-3901
Jtormwater Management: 207-287-7764
Jnderground Storage Tanks: 207-287-2651
Vetlands: 207-287-2111
Vaste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 207-287-2651
Department of Human Services
Division of Health Engineering
ndoor Air Program
Itate House Station 10
Augusta, ME 04333
ladon: 207-287-5692
Department of Human Services
Division of Health Engineering
tate House Station 11
Vugusta,ME 04333
Drinking Water: 207-287-5694
agricultural and Rural Resources Bureau
'esticides Control Board
tate House Station 28
.ugusta, ME 04333
esticides Control: 207-287-3871
ladon Toll Free Number: 1-800-232-0842
MAINE (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 1
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
General Information: 617-565-3420
Water Management Division
617-565-3478
Drinking Water
Wetlands
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air Management Division
617-565-3800
Air
Asbestos ;
Radon
Pesticides :
Waste Management Division
617-573-5700
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Pollution Prevention Program Coordinators
617-565-3387 :
Pollution Prevention
81
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MARYLAND (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of the Environment
2500 Broening Highway
Baltimore, MD 21224
Air: 410-631-3255
Asbestos: 410-631-3200
Hazardous Waste: 410-631-3343
Solid Waste: 410-631-3318
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 410-631-3364
Water Agency: 410-631-3567
Drinking Water. 410-631-3702
IndustrialPretreatmentProgram: 410-631-3621
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 410-631-3671
Stormwater Management: 410-631-3543
Underground Storage Tanks: 410-631-3324
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 410-631-3315
Department of the Environment
201W. Preston Street, 7th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21201
Radon: 410-333-3130
Environmental Response and Restoration
Emergency Response Division
2103 Annapolis Road
Baltimore, MD 21030
Emergency Response: 410-333-2950
Water Resources Administration
Water and Wetlands Program
Tawes State Office Building
Annapolis, MD 21401
Wetlands: 410-974-3877
Department of Agriculture
Pesticides Regulation Section, Plant Industries & Resource
Conservation
50 Harry S. Truman Parkway
Annapolis, MD 21401
Pesticides Control: 410-841-5710
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-872-3666
MARYLAND (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 3
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
General Information: 215-597-9800
Water Management Division
215-597-9410
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater, Stormwater
Sludge
Air, Radiation and Toxics Division
215-597-9390
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
215-597-8181
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Emergency Response
Underground Storage Tanks
Environmental Services Division
Annapolis Laboratory
410-573-2682
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Services Division
Wetlands Section
215-597-9301
Wetlands
Environmental Services Division
Environmental Planning & Assessment Section
215-597-6289
Pollution Prevention
82
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MASSACHUSETTS (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Protection
1 Winter Street
Boston, MA 02108
Air: 617-292-5593
Asbestos: 617-292-5631
Hazardous Waste: 617-292-5853
Emergency Response: 617-292-5851
Solid Waste: 617-292-5939
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 617-292-5979
Water Agency: 617-292-5529 or 617-292-5647
Drinking Water: 617-292-5529
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 617-292-5665
Underground Storage Tanks: 617-292-5886
Wetlands: 617-292-5518
Department of Environmental Protection
Division of Water Pollution Control
P.O. Box 4062
Graf ton, MA 02211
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 508-792-7470
Stormwater Management: 508-792-7470
Water Agency:
Department of Public Heal th
305 South Street
[amaica Plain, MA 02130
Radon: 617-727-6214
Department of Food and Agriculture
Pesticides Bureau, Regulatory Services
100 Cambridge Street, 21st Floor
Boston, MA 02202
Pesticides Control: 617-727-7712
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-445-1255
MASSACHUSETTS (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 1
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
General Information: 617-565-3420
Water Management Division
617-565-3478:
Drinking Water
Wetlands
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air Management Division
617-565-3800:
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides '
Waste Management Division
617-573-5700
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Pollution Prevention Program Coordinators
617-565-3387 u
Pollution Prevention
83
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MICHIGAN (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Bureau of Environmental Protection
P.O. Box 30028
Lansing, MI 48909
Air: 517-373-7023
Asbestos: 517-373-7023
Emergency Response: 517-373-7998
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 517-373-8088
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 517-373-8088
Stormwater Management: 517-373-8088
Surf ace Water: 517-373-1949
Underground Storage Tanks: 517-373-1230
Wetlands: 517-373-8000
Michigan Department of Natural Resources
Bureau of Environmental Protection
P.O. Box 30241
Lansing, MI 48909
Hazardous Waste: 517-373-2730
Solid Waste: 517-373-2730
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 517-373-2730
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 517-335-2142
Public Health Department
P.O. Box 30195,3423 North Logan Street
Lansing, MI 48909
Radon: 517-335-8200
Drinking Water: 517-335-9218
Department of Agriculture
Pesticide & Plant Pest Management Division
P.O. Box 30017
Lansing, MI 48909
Pesticides Control: 517-373-1087
MICHIGAN (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
General Information: 312-353-2000
Water Division
312-353-2147
Drinking Water
Ground Water
-Wastewater
Air and Radiation Division
312-353-2212
Air
Radon
Waste Management Division
312-886-7579
Superfund
EmergencyResponse
OfficeofRCRA
312-886-7435
Municipal Solid Waste
Underground Storage Tanks
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Sciences Division
312-353-3808
Pesticides
Asbestos
84
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MINNESOTA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Pollution Control Agency
520 Lafayette Road '
St. Paul, MN 55155
Air: 612-296-7331
Asbestos: 612-296-7513
Hazardous Waste: 612-643-3402
Emergency Response: 612-643-3439
Solid Waste: 612-296-7340
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 612-297-1781
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 612-296-7230
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 612-296-7713
Stormwater Management: 612-296-8280
Natural Resources Department
500 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155
Water Agency: 612-296-4810
Underground Storage Tanks: 612-296-0433
Wetlands: 612-296-0515
Department of Health
925 Delaware Street, S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55440
Radon: 612-627-5071
Department of Heal th
717 Delaware Street, S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55440
Drinking Water: 612-623-5227
Department of Agriculture
Pesticides Regulatory Section
90 West Plato Boulevard
St. Paul, MN 55107
Pesticides Control: 612-296-8547
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-798-9050
MINNESOTA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5 ;
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
General Information: 312-353-2000
Water Division
312-353-2147
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Radiation Division
312-353-2212'
Air
Radon
Waste Management Division
312-886-7579'
Superfund
EmergencyResponse
OfficeofRCRA
312-886-7435:
Municipal Solid Waste
Underground Storage Tanks
Environmental Sciences Division
312-353-3808:
Pesticides
Asbestos :
85
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MISSISSIPPI (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 10385
Jackson, MS 39209
Air. 601-961-5171
Asbestos: 601-961-5171
Hazardous Waste: 601-961-5171
Emergency Response: 601-961-5079
Solid Waste: 601-961-5171
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 601-961-5171
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 601-961-5171
Wasiewater Discharge Permitting: 601-961-5159
StormwaterManagement: 601-961-5171
Underground Storage Tanks: 601-961-5171
Wetlands: 601-961-5171
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 601-961-5171
Department of Health
P.O. Box 1700
Jackson, MS 39215
Radon: 601-354-6657
Drinking Water: 601-960-7518
Office of Land and Water Resources
P.O. Box 10631
Jackson, MS 39289
Water Agency: 601-961-5202
Department of Natural Resources
Office of Pollution Control
P.O. Box 10631
Jackson, MS 39209
Water Agency: 601-961-5171
Department of Agriculture & Commerce
P.O. Box 5207
Mississippi State, MS 39762
Pesticides Control: 601-325-3390
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-626-7739
MISSISSIPPI (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, G A 30365
General Information: 404-347-4727
Water Management Division
404-347-4450
Surface Water
Ground Water
Wetlands
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division
404-347-3043
Air
Asbestos
Pesticides
Radon
Waste Management Division
404-347-3454
Emergency Response
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
86
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MISSOURI (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Quality Division
P.O. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Air: 314-751-4817
Asbestos: 314-751-0572
Hazardous Waste: 314-751-3176
Solid Waste: 314-751-3176
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 314-751-3176
Water Agency: 314-751-1300
Drinking Water: 314-751-0678
fndustrial Pretreatment Program: 314-751-6996
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 314-751-6825
Stormwater Management: 314-751-6825
Underground Storage Tanks: 314-751-6825
Wetlands: 314-751-1300
invironmental Improvement Authority
Missouri Waste Exchange
3.O. Box 176
efferson City, MO 65102
Vaste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 314-751-4919
department of Health
'.O. Box 570
efferson City, MO 65101
iadon: 314-751-6083
invironmental Emergency Response Unit
ield Services Section
010 Missouri Boulevard
efferson City, MO 65102
imergency Response: 314-751-7929
department of Agriculture
'.O. Box 630
efferson City, MO 65102
esticides Control: 314-751-5503
ladon Toll Free Number: 1-800-669-7236
MISSOURI (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 7
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
General Information: 913-551-7000
Water Management Division
913-551-7030'
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
913-551-7020
Air
Radon
Pesticides
Asbestos
Waste Management Division
913-551-7050 ;
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Environmental Services Division
913-551-5000
Emergency Planning
87
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MONTANA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Health and Environmental Science
Environmental Sciences Division
Cogswell Building
Helena, MT 59620
Air: 406-444-3454
Asbestos: 406-444-3454
Radon: 406-444-3671
Hazardous Waste: 406-444-2821
Emergency Response: 406-444-2821
Solid Waste: 406-444-2821
Municipal Landfill PermitReview: 406-444-2821
Water Agency: 406-444-2406
Drinking Water: 406-444-2406
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 406-444-2406
WastewaterDischarge Permitting: 406-444-2406
Underground Storage Tanks: 406-444-2821
Wetlands: 406-444-2406
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 406-444-2821
Department of Natural Resources and Conservation
1520 E. 6th Avenue
Helena, MT 59620
Water Agency: 406-444-6603
Department of Agriculture
Environmental Management Division
Agriculture and Livestock Building
Helena, MT 59620
Pesticides Control: 406-444-2944
MONTANA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 8
99918th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2405
General Information: 303-293-1603
Water Management Division
303-293-1542
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
303-293-0946
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
303-293-1720
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Emergency Response
. Superfund
83
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NEBRASKA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Control
P.O. Box 98922
Lincoln, NE 68509
Air: 402-471-2189
Asbestos: 402-471-2189
Hazardous Waste: 402-471-4217
Emergency Response: 402-471-4251
Solid Waste: 402-471-4210
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 402-471-4210
Drinking Water: 402-471-4700
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 402-471-4239
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 402-471-4239
Underground Storage Tanks: 402-471-3343
Wetlands: 402-471-4700
Pesticides Control: 402-471-2023
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 402-471-4217
Department of Health
P.O. Box 95007
Lincoln, NE 68509
Radon: 402-471-2169
Department of Water Resources
P.O. Box 94676
Lincoln, NE 68509
Water Agency: 402-471-2363
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-334-9491
NEBRASKA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
I
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 7
726 Minnesota Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66101
General Information: 913-551-7000
Water Management Division
913-551-7030
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
913-551-7020
Air
Radon
Pesticides
Asbestos
Waste Management Division
913-551-7050
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Environmental Services Division
913-551-5000 :
Emergency Planning
89
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NEVADA (State Contacts)
NEVADA (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Nevada Department of Conservation & Natural Resources
Division of Environmental Protection
Capitol Complex, 123 WestNye Lane
Carson City,NV 89710
Air: 702-687-5065
Hazardous Waste: 702-687-5872
Solid Waste: 702-687-5872
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 702-687-5872
Water Agency: 702-687-5883
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 702-687-4670
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 702-687-5870
StormwaterManagement: 702-687-4670
Underground Storage Tanks: 702-687-5872
Wetlands: 702-687-4670
Department of Human Resources
505 East King Street
Carson City, NV 89710
Radon: 702-687-5394
Drinking Water: 702-687-4750
Department of Military
Division of Emergency Management
2525 South Carson Street
Carson City,NV 89710
Emergency Response: 702-687-4240
Department of Agriculture
P.O. Box 11100,350 Capitol Hill Avenue
Reno,NV 89510
Pesticides Control: 702-789-0180
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection
Region 9
75 Hawthorne Street
San Francisco, CA 94105
General Information: 415-744-1305
Water Management Division
415-744-2125
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Wetlands
Air and Toxics Division
415-744-1219
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
415-744-1730
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Superfund
Emergency Response
90
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NEW HAMPSHIRE (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Services
64 North Main Street, Caller Box 2033
Concord, NH 03302
Air: 603-271-1370
Asbestos: 603-271-1370
Water Agency: 603-271-3406
Wetlands: 603-271-3406
Health & Human Services Building
6 Hazen Drive
Concord, NH 03301
Radon: 603-271-4588
Emergency Response: 603-271-3339
Hazardous Waste: 603-271-2942
Solid Waste: 603-271-2925
Municipal Landfill Permit Re view: 603-271-2935
Drinking Water: 603-271-3503
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 603-271-3503
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 603-271-3503
Stormwater Management: 603-271-3503
Underground Storage Tanks: 603-271-3503
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 603-271-2901
New Hampshire Department of Agriculture
Caller Box 2042
Concord, NH 03301
Pesticides Control: 603-271-3550
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-852-3345 or x4674
NEW HAMPSHIRE (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
i
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 1
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
One Congress Street
Boston, MA Q2203
General Information: 617-565-3420
Water Management Division
617-565-3478
« Drinking Water
Wetlands
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air Management Division
617-565-3800
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides ;
Waste Management Division
617-573-5700;
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Pollution Prevention Program Coordinators
617-565-3387
Pollution Prevention
91
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NEW JERSEY (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Protection
401 East State Street
Trenton, NJ 08625
Aln 609-292-6710
Hazardous Waste: 609-292-9120
Emergency Response: 609-984-3219
Solid Waste: 609-530-8591
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 609-530-4004
Drinking Water: 609-292-5550
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 609-633-3823
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 609-984-4429
Stormwater Management: 609-633-7010
Underground Storage Tanks: 609-984-3156
Wetlands: 609-292-2795
Pesticides Control: 609-530-4123
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 609-633-1418
Division of Environmental Quality
380 Scotch Road, CN 411
Trenton, NJ 08625
Radon: 609-987-6378
Department of Health
CN360
Trenton, NJ 08625
Asbestos: 609-984-2193
Radon TollFree Number: 1-800-648-0394
NEW JERSEY (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 2
Jacob K Javits Federal Building
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
General Information: 212-264-2657
Water Management Division
212-264-2513
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Wetlands
Wastewater
Air and Waste Management Division
212-264-2301
Air
Municipal Solid Waste
Radon
Hazardous Waste
Emergency and Remedial Response
212-264-8672
Emergency Response
Superfund
Environmental Services Division
908-321-6765
Pesticides
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NEW MEXICO (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
New Mexico Environment Department
P.O. Box 26110
Santa Fe,NM 87502
Air: 505-827-0042
Asbestos: 505-827-0064
Hazardous Waste: 505-827-4363
Emergency Response: 505-827-2850
Solid Waste: 505-827-0169
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 505-827-0197
Water Agency: 505-827-2850
Drinking Water: 505-827-2945
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 505-827-0187
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 505-827-0187
Stormwater Management: 505-827-0187
Underground Storage Tanks: 505-827-2932
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 505-827-4308
Health Department
1190 St. Francis Drive, P.O. Box 26610
Santa Fe,NM 87502
Radon: 505-827-2389
District Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 1580
Albuquerque, NM 87103
Wetlands: 505-766-2776
Department of Agriculture
P.O. Box 30005
Las Graces, NM 88003
Pesticides Control: 505-646-2133
NEW MEXICO (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 6 |
First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain Place
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
General Information: 214-655-6444
Water Management Division
214-655-7100
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Division
214-655-7200
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
214-655-6700;
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Hazardous Waste
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
214-655-6755
Underground Storage Tanks
93
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NEW YORK (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Conservation
SOWolfRoad
Albany, NY 12233
Ata 518-457-7230
Hazardous Waste: 518-457-5861
Emergency Response: 518-457-3891 (1-800-457-7362 24 hrs.)
Solid Waste: 518-457-6603
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 518-457-2051
Water Agency: 518-457-6674
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 518-457-5968
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 518-457-5968
StormwaterManagement: 518-457-3656
Underground Storage Tanks: 518-457-7463
Wetlands: 518-457-5581
Pesticides Control: 518-457-7482
Waste Minimization: 518-457-9257
New York State Energy Office
Radon Programs
Two Rockefeller Plaza
Albany, NY 12223
Radon: 518-474-4995
Department of Health
Bureau of Public Water Supply Protection
2 University Place, Western Avenue
Albany, NY 12203
Drinking Water. 518-458-6731
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-458-1158
NEW YORK (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 2
Jacob K Javits Federal Building
26 Federal Plaza
New York, NY 10278
General Information: 212-264-2657
Water Management Division
212-264-2513
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Wetlands
Wastewater
Air and Waste Management Division
212-264-2301
Air
Municipal Solid Waste
Radon
Hazardous Waste
Emergency and Remedial Response
212-264-8672
Emergency Response
Superfund
Environmental Services Division
908-321-6765
Pesticides
94
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NORTH CAROLINA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environment, Health and Natural Resources
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
Air: 919-733-3340
Asbestos: 919-733-3680
Radon: 919-733-4283
Hazardous Waste: 919-733-2178
Solid Waste: 919-733-0692
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 919-733-0692
Water Agency: 919-733-4064
Drinking Water: 919-733-2321
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 919-733-5083
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 919-733-7015
Stormwater Management: 919-733-7015
Underground Storage Tanks: 919-733-3221
Wetlands: 919-733-2302
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 919-733-2178
Department of Crime Control and Public Safety
Division of Emergency Management
116 West Jones Street
Raleigh, NC 27603
Emergency Response: 919-733-3867
Department of Agriculture
Food and Drug Protection Division
P.O. Box 27687
Raleigh, NC 27611
Pesticides Control: 919-733-3556
NORTH CAROLINA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, G A 30365
General Information: 404-347-4727
Water Management Division
404-347-4450
Surface Water
Ground Water
Wetlands
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division
404-347-3043
Air
Asbestos
Pesticides '
Radon
i
Waste Management Division
404-347-3454
Emergency Response
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
95
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NORTH DAKOTA (State Contacts)
NORTH DAKOTA (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
North Dakota State Department of Health
Environmental Health Section
1200 Missouri Avenue, Box 5520
Bismark,ND 58502
Ain 701-221-5188
Asbestos: 701-221-5188
Radon: 701-221-5188
Hazardous Waste: 701-221-5166
Emergency Response: 701-221-5166
Solid Waste: 701-221-5166
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 701-221-5166
Water Agency: 701-221-5210
Drinking Water: 701-221-5210
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 701-221-5210
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 701-221-5210
Stormwater Management: 701-221-5210
Underground Storage Tanks: 701-221-5166
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 701-221-5166
State Water Commission
Drainage Section
900 E. Boulevard
Bismark,ND 58505
Wetlands: 701-224-2750
Department of Agriculture
Pesticides Division
600 E. Boulevard
Bismark,ND 58505
Pesticides Control: 701-224-4756
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 8
99918th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2405
General Information: 303-293-1603
Water Management D ivision
303-293-1542
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
303-293-0946
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
303-293-1720
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Emergency Response
Superfund
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OHIO (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
Box 1049,1800 Watermark
Columbus, OH 43266-0149
Air: 614-644-2270
Asbestos: 614-644-2270
Hazardous Waste: 614-644-2934
Emergency Response: 614-644-3196
Solid Waste: 614-644-3135
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 614-644-2956
Water Agency: 614-644-2001
Drinking Water: 614-644-2752
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 614-644-2025
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 614-644-2001
Stormwater Management: 614-644-2017
Underground Storage Tanks: 614-644-2944
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 614-644-2956
Department of Health
1224 Kinear Road, P.O. Box 118
Columbus, OH 43266
Radon: 614-644-2727
Department of Natural Resources
Fountain Square, Building G
Columbus, OH 43224
Wetlands: 614-265-6413
Department of Agriculture
8995 East Main Street
Reynoldsburg,OH 43068
Pesticides Control: 614-866-6361
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-523-4439
OHIO (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
R6gion5
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
General Information: 312-353-2000
Water Division
312-353-2147
Drinking Water
Ground Water
. Wastewater
Air and Radiation Division
312-353-2212
Air
Radon ;
Waste Management Division
312-886-7579
Superfund
EmergencyResponse
OfficeofRCRA
312-886-7435
Municipal Solid Waste
Underground Storage Tanks
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Sciences Division
312-353-3808;
Pesticides .
Asbestos
97
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OKLAHOMA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Oklahoma State Department of Health
Environmental Health Services
1000 N.E. 10th Street
Oklahoma City, OK 73117
Air. 405-271-5220
Asbestos: 405-271-5220
Radon: 405-271-5221
Hazardous Waste: 405-271-5338
Emergency Response: 405-271-8056
Solid Waste: 405-271-7159
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 405-271-7097
Drinking Water: 405-271-5205
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 405-271-7047
Water Resources Board
600 North Harvey
P.O. Box 150
Oklahoma City, OK 73101
Water Agency: 405-231-2500
Industrial Pre treatment Program: 405-231-2541
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 405-231-2541
Stormwater Management: 405-231-2541
Water Resources Board
P.O. Box 53585
Oklahoma City, OK 73152
Underground Storage Tanks: 405-271-2549
Department of Agriculture
Pest Management Section
2800 North Lincoln Boulevard
Oklahoma City, OK 73105
Pesticides Control: 405-521-3864
OKLAHOMA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 6
First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain Place
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
General Information: 214-655-6444
Water Management Division
214-655-7100
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Division
214-655-7200
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
214-655-6700
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Hazardous Waste
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
214-655-6755
Underground Storage Tanks
98
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OREGON (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
811 Southwest Sixth Avenue
Portland, OR 97204
Air: 503-229-5397
Asbestos: 503-229-5186
Hazardous Waste: 503-229-5913
Emergency Response: 503-229-5373
Solid Waste: 503-229-5782
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 503-229-5782
Water Agency: 503-229-5279
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 503-229-5256
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 503-229-6099
Stormwater Management: 503-229-5256
Underground Storage Tanks: 503-229-5733
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 503-229-6165
Department of Human Resources
1400 Southwest Fifth Avenue
Portland, OR 97201
Radon: 503-229-5797
Division of Health
State Of f ice Building, Room 608
Portland, OR 97201
Drinking Water: 503-229-6302
Department of Land Conservation and Development
1600 State Street
Salem, OR 97310
Wetlands: 503-378-3805
Department of Agriculture
635 Capitol Street, N.E.
Salem, OR 97310
Pesticides Control: 503-378-3776
OREGON (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10 ,
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
General Information: 206-553-4973
Water Division
206-553-1793
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
206-553-4152
Air
Asbestos ;
Radon
Pesticides
F
Hazardous Waste Division
206-553-1261
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Super fund
99
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PENNSYLVANIA (State Contacts)
PENNSYLVANIA (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources
400 Market Street
Market Street State Office Building
Harrisburg,PA 17105
Air: 717-787-9702
Asbestos: 717-787-9257
Radon: 717-787-2480
Hazardous Waste: 717-787-7381
Solid Waste: 717-787-9870
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 717-787-7381
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 717-787-8184
WastewaterDischarge Permitting: 717-787-8184
Drinking Waten 717-787-9037
Underground Storage Tanks: 717-787-8184
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 717-787-7382
Water Agency: 717-787-4686
Wetlands: 717-787-6827
Stormwater Management: 717-783-7577
Department of Agriculture
Division of Agronomic Services, Bureau of Plant Industry
2301 North Cameron Street
Harrisburg, PA 17110
Pesticides Control: 717-787-4843
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-237-2366
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Regions
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
General Information: 215-597-9800
Water Management Division
215-597-9410
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater, Stormwater
Sludge
Air, Radiation and Toxics Division
215-597-9390
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
215-597-8181
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Emergency Response
Underground Storage Tanks
Environmental Services Division
Annapolis Laboratory
410-573-2682
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Services Division
Wetlands Section
215-597-9301
Wetlands
Environmental Services Division
Environmental Planning & Assessment Section
215-597-6289
Pollution Prevention
100
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RHODE ISLAND (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Management
291 Promenade Street
Providence, RI 02908-5767
Air: 401-277-2808
Hazardous Waste: 401-277-2797
Emergency Response: 401-277-2797
Solid Waste: 401-277-2797
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 401-277-2797
Water Agency: 401-277-3162 or 401-277-3961
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 401-277-6519
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 401-277-6519
Stormwater Management: 401-277-3434
Underground Storage Tanks: 401-277-2234
Wetlands: 401-277-6820
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 401-277-2797
Department of Health
206 Canon Building, 75 Davis Street
Providence, RI 02908
Asbestos: 401-277-2466
Radon: 401-277-2438
Department of Environmental Management
Division of Agriculture
22 Hayes Street
Providence, RI 02908
Pesticides Control: 401-297-2782
RHODE ISLAND (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 1
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
General Information: 617-565-3420
Water Management Division
617-565-3478
Drinking Water
Wetlands
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air Management Division
617-565-3800
Air
Asbestos
Radon ;
Pesticides
Waste Management Division
617-573-5700
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Pollution Prevention Program Coordinators
617-565-3387
Pollution Prevention
101
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SOUTH CAROLINA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Sout Carolina Department of Health and Environmental
Control
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Ain 803-734-4750
Asbestos: 803-734-4551
Radon: 803-734-4631
Hazardous Waste: 803-734-5200
Emergency Response: 803-734-5189
Solid Waste: 803-734-5200
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 803-734-5259
Water Agency: 803-734-5300
Drinking Water: 803-734-5310
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 803-734-5300
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 803-734-5300
Underground Storage Tanks: 803-734-5331
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 803-734-5191
Water Resources Commission
1201 Main Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Water Agency: 803-737-0800
Wetlands: 803-737-0800,803-737-0880
Land Resources Commission
2221 Devine Street, Suite 222
Columbia, SC 29205
Stormwater Management: 803-734-9100
Clomson University
Department of Fertilizer and Pesticide Control
256 Poole Agricultural Center
Clcmson,SC 29634
Pesticides Control: 803-656-3171
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-768-0362
SOUTH CAROLINA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
General Information: 404-347-4727
Water Management Division
404-347-4450
Surface Water
Ground Water
Wetlands
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division
404-347-3043
Air
Asbestos
Pesticides
Radon
Waste Management Division
404-347-3454
Emergency Response
Municipal Solid Waste
Super fund
102
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SOUTH DAKOTA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environment and Natural Resources
Joe Foss Building, 523 East Capitol Avenue
Pierre, SD 57501-3181
Air: 605-773-3351
Asbestos: 605-773-3153
Radon: 605-773-3351
Hazardous Waste: 605-773-3153
Emergency Response: 605-773-3351
Solid Waste: 605-773-3153
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 605-773-3153
Water Agency: 605-773-4216 or 605-773-3754
Drinking Water: 605-773-3754
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 605-773-3351
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 605-773-3351
Stormwater Management: 605-773-3351
Underground Storage Tanks: 605-773-3351
Wetlands: 605-773-4216
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 605-773-3153
Department of Agriculture
Pesticides, Regulatory Services Division
Anderson Building, 445 East Capitol
Pierre, SD 57501
Pesticides Control: 605-773-4032
SOUTH DAKOTA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 8
99918th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2405
General Information: 303-293-1603
Water Management Division
303-293-1542,
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
303-293-0946:
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides '
Hazardous Waste Management Division
303-293-1720;
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Emergency Response (303-330-1788)
Superfund !
103
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TENNESSEE (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Environment and Conservation Department
701 Broadway, Room 100 Customs House
Nashville, TN 37243
Air. 615-532-0554
Asbestos: 615-532-0554
Radon: 615-532-0733
Hazardous Waste: 615-532-0780
Solid Waste: 615-532-0780
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 615-532-0804
Water Agency: 615-532-0191
Drinking Waten 615-532-0191
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 615-532-0649
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 615-532-0625
Stormwater Management: 615-532-0649
Underground Storage Tanks: 615-532-0945
Wetlands: 615-532-0708
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 615-532-0109
Tennessee Emergency Response Council
c/o Tennessee Emergency Management Agency
3041 Sidco
Nashville, TN 37204
Emergency Response: 800-262-3300
Department of Agriculture
Division of Plant Industries
P.O. Box 40627
Nashville, TN 37204
Pesticides Control: 615-360-1030
RadonTollFree Number: 1-800-232-1139
TENNESSEE (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 4
345 Courtland Street, N.E.
Atlanta, GA 30365
General Information: 404-347-4727
Water Management Division
404-347-4450
Surface Water
Ground Water
Wetlands
Wastewater
Drinking Water
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division
404-347-3043
Air
Asbestos
Pesticides
Radon
Waste Management Division
404-347-3454
Emergency Response
Municipal Solid Waste
Super fund
104
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TEXAS (State Contacts)
TEXAS (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Texas Air Control Board
12124 Park 35 Circle
Austin, TX 78753
Air: 512-908-1100
Asbestos: 512-908-1529
Department of Health
1212 East Anderson Lane
Austin, TX'78756
Radon: 512-834-6688
Texas Water Commission
P.O. Box 13087
Austin, TX 78711
Hazardous Waste: 512-908-2334
Emergency Response: 512-908-2510
Solid Waste: 512-908-6692
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 512-908-6692
Water Agency: 512-463-8246
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 512-463-8201
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 512-462-7742
Stormwater Management: 512-463-8412
Underground Storage Tanks: 512-908-2106
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 512-463-8175
Water Development Board
P.O. Box 13231
Austin, TX 78711
Water Agency: 512-463-7848
Department of Health
Drinking Water Utilities Division
1100 West 49th Street
Austin, TX 78756
Drinking Water: 512-371-6319
General Land Office
Coastal Division
1700 North Congress
Austin, TX 78701
Wetlands: 512-463-5059
Department of Agriculture
Pesticide Enforcement Division
P.O. Box 12847
Austin, TX 78711
Pesticides Control: 512-463-7550
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 6 !
First Interstate Bank Tower at Fountain Place
1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite 1200
Dallas, TX 75202-2733
General Information: 214-655-6444
Water Management Division
214-655-710Q
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Division
214^655-7200
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous W38*6 Management Division
214-655-6700'
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund',
Hazardous Waste
Office of Underground Storage Tanks
214-655-6755
Underground Storage Tanks
105
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UTAH (State Contacts)
UTAH (Federal Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Quality
150 North 1950 West
Salt Lake City, UT 84114
Air: 801-536-4000
Asbestos: 801-5364000
Emergency Response: 801-536-4100
Underground Storage Tanks: 801-536-4100
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Radiation Control
168 North 1950 West
Salt Lake City, UT 84114
Radon: 801-536-4250
Department of Environmental Quality
288 North 1460 West
Salt Lake City, UT 84114
Hazardous Waste: 801-538-6170
Solid Waste: 801-538-6170
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 801-538-6170
Water Agency: 801-538-6146
Drinking Water: 801-538-6159
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 801-538-6146
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 801-538-6146
S tormwater Management: 801-538-6146
Wetlands: 801-538-6146
Pollution Prevention: 801-536-4480
Department of Agriculture
Division of Plant Industry
350 North Redwood Road
Salt Lake City, UT 84116
Pesticides Control: 801-538-7180
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Regions
99918th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2405
General Information: 303-293-1603
Water Management Division
303-293-1542
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
303-293-0946
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
303-293-1720
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Emergency Response (303-330-1788)
Super fund
106
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VERMONT (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Agency of Natural Resources
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, VT 05671-0402
Air: 802-241-3840
Hazardous Waste: 802-241-3888
Emergency Response: 802-241-8702
Solid Waste: 802-241-3444
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 802-241-3822
Water Agency: 802-241-3777 or 3770
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 802-241-3822
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 802-241-3822
Stormwater Management: 802-241-3822
Underground Storage Tanks: 802-241-3888
Wetlands: 802-241-3770
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 802-241-3888
Department of Health
108 Cherry Street, P.O. Box 70
Burlington, VT 05402
Asbestos: 802-863-7220
Drinking Water: 802-863-7223
Department of Health
Division of Occupational & Radiological Health
Administration Building, 10 Baldwin Street
Montpelier,VT 05602
Radon: 802-828-2886
Department of Agriculture
'lant Industry Division
116 State Street
V[ontpelier,VT 05602
Pesticides Control: 802-828-2435
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-640-0601
VERMONT (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 1
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
One Congress Street
Boston, MA 02203
General Information: 617-565-3420
Water Management Division
617-565-34781
Drinking Water
Wetlands
Ground Waiter
Wastewater
Air Management Division
617-565-3800 [
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides :
Waste Management Division
617-573-5700
Municipal Splid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Pollution Prevention Program Coordinators
617-565-3387
Pollution Prevention
107
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VIRGINIA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Quality
200-202 North 9th Street
9th Street Office Building, 8th Floor
P.O. Box 10089
Richmond, VA 23240
Air: 804-786-2378
Asbestos: 804-786-6079
Department of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 11143,211 North Hamilton Street
Richmond, VA 23230
Water Agency: 804-527-5000
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 804-527-5030
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 804-527-5030
Stormwater Management: 804-527-5083
Underground Storage Tanks: 804-527-5202
Department of Health
109 Governor Street
Richmond, VA 23219
Radon: 804-786-5932
Drinking Water: 804-786-6277
Department of Environmental Quality
Department of Waste Management
101 North 14th Street, llth Floor
Richmond, VA 23219
Hazardous Waste: 804-225-2862
Solid Waste: 804-225-2892
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 804-225-2892
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 804-371-8712
Department of Emergency Services
310 Turner Road
Richmond, VA 23225
Emergency Response: 804-674-2497
Marine Resources Commission
P.O. Box 756
Newport News, V A 23607
Wetlands: 804-247-2200
Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
P.O. Box 1163
Richmond, VA 23209
Pesticides Control: 804-371-6558
Radon Toll Free Number. 1-800-468-0138
VIRGINIA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 3
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
General Information: 215-597-9800
Water Management Division
215-597-9410
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater, Stormwater
Sludge
Air, Radiation and Toxics Division
215-597-9390
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
215-597-8181
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Emergency Response
Underground Storage Tanks
Environmental Services Division
Annapolis Laboratory
410-573-2682
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Services Division
Wetlands Section
215-597-9301
Wetlands
Environmental Services Division
Environmental Planning & Assessment Section
215-597-6289
Pollution Prevention
108
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WASHINGTON (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Washington State Department of Ecology
Mail Stop PV-11
P.O. Box 47600
Olympia,WA 98504
Air: 206-459-6255
Asbestos: 206-649-7107
Hazardous Waste: 206-459-6316
Emergency Response: 206-438-3007
Solid Waste: 206-459-6259
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 206-438-7474
Water Agency: 206-438-7090
Drinking Water: 206-438-8199
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 206-586-0373
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 206-438-7054
Stormwater Management: 206-438-7037
Underground Storage Tanks: 206-438-7999
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 206-438-7145
Department of Health
Division of Radiation Protection
MS LE-13, Airdustrial Center Building 5
Olympia,WA 98504
Radon: 206-753-3468
Water Resources Program
Water and Shorelands
MS PV-11
Olympia,WA 98504
Water Agency: 206-459-6056
Wetlands: 206-459-6777
Department of Agriculture
Pesticide Management Division
406 General Administration Building AX-41
Pesticides Control: 206-753-5062
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-323-9727
WASHINGTON (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 10
1200 Sixth Avenue
Seattle, WA 98101
General Information: 206-553-4973
Water Division
206-553-1793
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Surface Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics Division
206-553-4152
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Division
206-553-1261
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous; Waste
Superfund i
109
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WEST VIRGINIA (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
West Virginia Department of Commerce, Labor and
Environmental Resources
Division of Environmental Protection
Office of Air Quality
1558 Washington Street East
Charleston, WV 25311-2599
Air: 304-558-3286
Office of Environmental Health Services
815 Quarrier Street, Morrison Building
Charleston, WV 25301
Asbestos: 304-558-2981
Radon: 304-558-2981
Water Agency: 304-558-2981
Drinking Water: 304-558-2981
Office of Waste Management
1356 Hansford Street
Charleston, WV 25301
Hazardous Waste: 304-558-5393
Emergency Response: 304-558-5989
Solid Waste: 304-558-7763
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 304-558-7763
Underground Storage Tanks: 304-558-6371
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 304-558-5393
Of fice of Water Resources
617 Broad Street
Charleston, WV 25301
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 304-558-4086
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 304-558-0375
Stormwater Management: 304-558-0375
Wetlands: 304-558-2108
Department of Agriculture
Laboratory Services Division
1900 Kanawha Boulevard, East
Charleston, WV 25305
Pesticides Control: 304-558-2226
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-922-1255
WEST VIRGINIA (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 3
841 Chestnut Building
Philadelphia, PA 19107
General Information: 215-597-9800
Water Management Division
215-597-9410
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater, Stormwater
Sludge
Air, Radiation and Toxics Division
215-597-9390
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
215-597-8181
Municipal Solid Waste
Superfund
Emergency Response
Underground Storage Tanks
Environmental Services Division
Annapolis Laboratory
410-573-2682
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Services Division
Wetlands Section
215-597-9301
Wetlands
Environmental Services Division
Environmental Planning & Assessment Section
215-597-6289
Pollution Prevention
110
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WISCONSIN (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 7921
Madison, WI 53707
Air: 608-266-0603
Asbestos: 608-267-7541
Hazardous Waste: 608-266-7055
Emergency Response: 608-267-7562
Solid Waste: 608-266-0520
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 608-266-0520
Water Agency: 608-266-8631
Drinking Water: 608-267-7651
Industrial Pretreatment Program: 608-266-7721
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 608-266-7721
Stormwater Management: 608-266-9254
Underground Storage Tanks: 608-267-7562
Wetlands: 608-266-8034
Pesticides Control: 608-266-6977
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 608-267-7565
Division of Health, Department of Health &
Social Services
P.O. Box 309
Madison, WI 53701
Radon: 608-267-4796
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-798-9050
WISCONSIN (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 5
77 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60604-3507
General Information: 312-353-2000
Water Division
312-353-2147
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Radiation Division
312-353-2212
Air .
Radon
Waste Management Division
312-886-7579
Superfund ;
EmergencyResponse
OfficeofRCRA
312-886-7435 !
Municipal Solid Waste
Underground Storage Tanks
Hazardous Waste
Environmental Sciences Division
312-353-3808 !
Pesticides '
Asbestos
111
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WYOMING (State Contacts)
Name of State Agency
Department of Environmental Quality
122 W. 25th Street, Herschler Building
Cheyenne, WY 82002
Air: 307-777-7391
Asbestos: 307-777-7391
Hazardous Waste: 307-777-7752
Emergency Response: 307-777-7781
Solid Waste: 307-777-7752
Municipal Landfill Permit Review: 307-777-7752
Water Agency: 307-777-7781
Drinking Water: 307-777-7957
Wastewater Discharge Permitting: 307-777-7781
Underground Storage Tanks: 307-777-7781
Wetlands: 307-777-7781
Waste Minimization/Reduction/Prevention: 307-777-7752
Department of Health
Hathaway Building
Cheyenne, WY 82002
Radon: 307-777-7957
Department of Agriculture
Technical Services
2219 Carey Avenue
Cheyenne, WY 82002
Pesticides Control: 307-777-6590
Radon Toll Free Number: 1-800-458-5847
WYOMING (Federal Contacts)
Name of Federal Agency
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region 8
99918th Street, Suite 500
Denver, CO 80202-2405
General Information: 303-293-1603
Water Management Division
303-293-1542
Drinking Water
Ground Water
Wastewater
Air and Toxics D ivision
303-293-0946
Air
Asbestos
Radon
Pesticides
Hazardous Waste Management Division
303-293-1720
Municipal Solid Waste
Hazardous Waste
Emergency Response
Superfund
112
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Comments and Evaluations
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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Regional Operations and
State/Local Relations (H1501)
Small Community Coordinator
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington D.C. 20460
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