-------
"'ir-s-^tf-sS S^s/wi.- «*«
S5W*2^-:': ' I-*7*
W ,n contra, to the
Kohalaand North Kona over thepost a^JSJftgT'^S'BS wSrUTlK
-'
wBsaa»gSKSSSB!Saw=
for example, persons
j^^'ss^^s
for each 100 persons In the prime working age of 18 to 6H.
age 65
the County-wide average.
migrants have generally higher educat ° eorth Kona Dlstricts than in
* irdsthem- the number of
has increased much faster than the number of households.
1 0.3.2 Labor Force and Employment
, as well as County-wide totals, are shown m Table 111-8.
high as men's.
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111-38
iyfi*« -« " j *>-,;
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(c)
Q
a
TU u. , f
In 1980, unemployment' In oil districts was MS^*«|"^& 23 Lrcen"
rate within the study area was recorded in North Kohola U.ZJ P«f ccn"»
£to^$SoyS^ (see Table lll-8£ Unemployment tended to be
slightly lower in urban places (see Table IU-9) than , eUewhere. y , • -..
** . .-.-'• 'rji«iiC:5*'- "•*""* is''- *?i;iTrf-'<'v3*-j '••¥••• ; ' '? - , ' •
(d) North Kohola and North Kona residents lend; To be employed In the service
sector especially in businesses serving the visitor industry. The ncreasing dominance
SfStSISSo? employment is most pronounced In North Kohala, where the number
of £ v ce sector employees Increased by 28 percent dur ng^the ^^J^'M
the same time, total employment declined by 7 percent. ? These changes loc
maiorTransitiln in North Kohala from a dependence on wgargrovj ring and processmg
to hotels and other personal, entertainment, and recreational Industries.
(e) South Kohala, though closer to the tourism center In North Kona, was less
rnent, and in 1980 still showed greater employment in sk.iled occupat.ons and m
agriculture-related industries.
(f) Commuting statistics confirm the importance to North Kohala . [«"«"*' Jf
visitor-related employment in North Kona, w th almost one-quarter (22 pe cent)
wending more than 45 minutes to reach their place of employment. In contrast, less
than 5 percent of North Kona workers spent as much time commuting.
: (g) The 1 980 Census data presented above is the most recent data available for
most demographic parameters. Unemployment, which is a key factor in judging the
effect of the proposed project, tends to fluctuate somewhat more than other factors.
•The State Department of Labor and Industrial Relations estimates that B.g Island
unemployment has increased from about six percent in 1980 to nine percent m 1983.
D^lct^d unemployment data are not available for 1983, but the Department has
prepared estimates based on relationships observed in 1980. These are presented m
Table HI- 10.
1 0.3.3 Housing
(a) Table III- 1 1 presents selected data on the housing stock of the study area
for the years 1970 and 1980. As with population, housing stock increased most
dramatically in the North Kona and South Kohala districts. North Konds housing stock
grew by 247 percent over the course of the decade, three times the county-wide rate.
?n contrast, the number of housing units in North Kohala and in Honoka'a-Kuku.haele
grew only modestly during the 1970s.
(b) The proportion of homes occupied by owners rather than renters increased
in all regions, but the greatest rise was in North Kona and South Kohala. However,
home ownership is still greatest in North Kohala and Honoka'a-Kuku.haele, the two
regions that have been least affected by in-migration. , ,
(c) The incidence and share of homes lacking some or all plumbing is down in
all regions from the 1970 lev*!, reflecting the higher building standards that now exist
and a gradual replacement of old and dilapidated homes by new units. All areas show
comparable or lesser percentages of "crowded" conditions (de-fined as more than 1.5
persons per room in a unit). However, in absolute terms the number of "crowded1
•Sv.-.<&;5-.^ i*. 111-39 '•&Jt>i£&%L
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• rtJ-^Hf^v*^"
AAAMAMMu-wy y. .r-* *»,\yfff .w»Vtt
j^*-..y^f^— —. -^feiL'iE^Muj*^
.,..<^;..v^ ;^*;> ^J:§^
••' -;;;
• ••• * "
.
Percent Unemployment In.Urban Areas 1980
" * . •'•••;.;'•. •:.'•.—».*:.-.••_ • .. • ;• .-•
Total
Male
Female
Haw!
9.12
9.68
8.44
Waimea
5.55
7.45
1.79
"^Honoka'a "
2.48
3.84
2.27
. ' Kailua-Kona
3.02
3.15
2.84
Source: 1980 U.S. Census.
*
Table HI-10
Estimates of Unemployed Since 1980
Area
1980
1981
1982
1983
Hawai'i County
North Kohala
South Kohala
Honoka'^/Kukuihaele
North Kona*
Kailua-Kona
2650 (6.3%) 3400 (7.6%) 4450 (9.8%) 425C (9.1%)
100 (8o4%) 150 (10.1%) 200 (12.8%) 200 (12.0%)
100 (5.7%) ISO (6.9%) 200 (8.8%) 200 (8.2%)
50 (4.9%) 100 (5.9%) 100 (7.5%) 100 (7.1%)
350 (4.7%) 450 (5.7%) 600 (7.5%) 550 (6.9%)
150 (4.9%) 200 (5.9) 200 (8.8%) 250 (7.1%)
* Census Tracts 215 and 216 combined.
Source: Unpublished State Department of Labor and Industrial Relations data.
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homes increased in South Kohala, North Kona, and Honoka'a-Kukuihaele. In North
Kona, at least, this is probably related to an increase in the number of single persons
sharing housing. However, the high average number of persons per room in South
Kohala and Honoka'a-Kukuihaele may indicate that some "doubling-up" has occurred
among families as well.
(d) As would be expected, 1980 property values and rental rates were highest
in North Kona and South Kohala, but the 1970 figures indicate that these two areas
have historically been expensive ones. Changes in property values and median rents
during the 1970s were greatest in the northern areas where housing stock grew slowly.
Rents and property values in North Kohala, for instance, tripled over the decade.
(e) Within districts, census data shows 1980 property values were higher within
the towns of Waimea and Hawi than in their surrounding areas. On the other hand,
Kailua-Kona, which has a substantial number of multi-family units, showed a lower
median property value than did the North Kona district as a whole.
10.3.4 Public Services and Facilities
As previously described, substantial investments have been made in the public
infrastructure needed to stimulate and support resort development in the South Kohala
District. Construction projects include the Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway, Keahole
Airport, the Lalamilo water system, and Kawaihae Harbor. Public investment in the
infrastructure is over $40 million, in conjunction with these government-sponsored
efforts, private landowners are developing several major resort projects along the
South Kohala coast. Aggregate private expenditures for the resorts exceeds $100
million. The joint State, County, and private funding of the Lalamilo water system is
an exemplary cooperative effort to solve water supply problems in the region.
10.3.4.1 Schools and Libraries
(a) Public schools serving the South Kohala District include Waimea Elemen-
tary and Intermediate School (kindergarten through grade 9) and Honoka'a High School
(grades 10 through 12) situated in the Hamakua District. South Kohala district high
school students are bussed to Honoka'a High School. Two private schools are located
in Waimea: Parker School (grades 7 through 12), and Hawai'i Preparatory Academy
(grades I through 12). The Thelma Parker Memorial Library in Waimea serves the
South Kohala area.
(b) Other schools and libraries situated outside the District, but in the general
area, include Kohala High and Elementary (kindergarten through grade 12) in Honoma-
ka'u (near Hawi), the Kohala Mission School (grades I through 8) in Hawi, Bond
Memorial Library in Kapa'au, and the Honoka'a Library.
10.3.4.2 Health Care Facilities
(a) Four medical facilities are available to residents and visitors in West
Hawai'i: Lucy Henriques Medical Center in Waimea, Honoka'a Hospital in Honoka'a,
Kohala Hospital near Hawi, and the Kona Hospital in Kealakekua, Kona.
(b) The facility nearest to the WBR is the privately owned Lucy Henriques
Medical Center; this is a modern facility staffed by six physicians and three dentists
(two^ full-time and one part-time). While it is the most modern of the four, it is not
certified to operate as a hospital. Emergency treatment is available at the Center,
and patients may be treated and held for up to 24 hours.
;:, 111-42 ,;;>• •- .
-------
(c) The three hospitals are State operated. The number of full-time equivalent
practicing physicians is 8.7 in Kohala, 5 in Honoka'a, ond 35.1 in Kona.
(d) Kohala Hospital is a 26-bed facility (10 acute care, and 16 long-term core),
which offers 24-hour emergency as well as a range of other medical services including
surgery. Honoka'a Hospital has 35 beds (27 acute care, and 8 long-term care), and
offers a range of medical services including surgery, child delivery, laboratory, and
emergency room. The largest of the four hospitals is the Kona Hospital which serves
West Hawai'i, with 53 acute care and 22 long-term care beds. All three hospitals have
been operatina well below their capacity, and there are currently no plans to expand
facilities (Park; October 4, 1984).
10.3.4.3 Recreational Facilities
(a) Kohala and North Kona recreational facilities include golf courses, tennis
courts, beaches, riding stables, historic sites, small boat harbors, and other facilities.
These are located on Figure 111-10. The County's Samuel Spencer Beach Park and the
Hapuna Beach State Recreation Area are the principal developed recreational facili-
ties in the immediate vicinity of the WBR. They offer white sand beaches, picnicking,
camping, and restroom and parking facilities. Other County beach parks are located in
the Kailua area and at Mahukona, Kapa'a, and Keokea. A large State Historic Park is
being developed at Lapakahi in North Kohala. At Honokohau and Kawaihae there are
small boat harbors and ramps, and just south of Hapuna Beach is the Puako Boat Ramp.
A number of additional recreational facilities are proposed for Kehala and North Kona
in the Hawai'i County Recreation Plan (Hawai'i, County of, Department of Parks and
Recreation and Planning Department; 1973).
(b) The Waikoloa Beach Resort currently has an 18-hole championship golf
course and clubhouse, and at the Sheraton Royal Waikoloa Hotel there are tennis and
swimming facilities available to guests. The 'Anaeho'omalu Bay shoreline area
includes a white sand beach and two fishponds. This area has been extensively cleaned
and rehabilitated; the two fishponds have been restored; and restrooms, showers, and
parking for the public have been provided, making the area a popular beach for
residents as well as resort guests.
(c) Waiulua Bay and the nearshore waters area fronting the Hyatt site are used
for fishing, diving, surfing, and hiking. Use of these waters for fishing and diving
seems to have increased in popularity since the opening of the Sheraton Royal
Waikoloa, probably because of improved access. Both pole and throw net fishing are
practiced in the area; some of the more popular fish caught there are mullet, wowo,
uhu, and 'oama. According to Duncan (September 26, I 984), as many as one to two
dozen people may use Waiulua Bay for some form of recreation during the course of a
sunny weekend day. The diving that occurs is often by boat, and is done at night as
well as in the day. Surfing is done in the waters just south of Waiulua Bay, where wave
conditions are very favorable.
(d) In addition to the ocean-related activities, hiking also occurs on portions of
old Hawaiian trails that are in the area. Waiulua Bay includes one segment of the Ala
Kahakai, a foot trail that hugs the shoreline from Pu'ukohola to just south of the
Keahole Airport. This segment is one of those hiked by such groups as the Kona Hikinc
Club and Na Ala Hele, as well as by informal groups. The anchialine ponds in the
shoreline area of the WBR, including the southern portion of the Hyatt site, are visited
by many of the hikers and by others interested in their beauty or unique biological
features.
111-43 . ;.
-------
Kapa'a Beach
Mahuk'ona Beach
Mahukona Boat Ramp'
Lapakahi State Historic Park
Kawalhae Boat Harbor/Launching Ramp
Kohala High/£}em.
School Playground
Kamehameha Park
&
Mormon Gym
Keokea Beach
Camp Koapaka
Kamehameha
Statue
Hala'ula
School
Pol ol u-
alley Reserve$£
Ironwood
Outfitters
Stables
Ranch
Pavilion
"KaMlu Hal
Mauna Kea Beac
Riding .Stabl
almea Playground
Samuel Spencer Beach V
Walmea-Youth Center
Walmea Rodeo\
Arena and Track
Mauna Kea Beach Hotel Golf Course
Hapuni Beach
Puako Boat Ramp
P*uo« Bay .
Thelma
Pu'ukohola Heiau Parker
National Park
Walmea Elem./Intermediate
Playground I
Francis IM Brovm Golf
IHYATT REGENCY
An»eho'
-------
10.3.4.4 Protective Services
(a) The Hawai'i County Police Department currently maintains two police
stations in the South and North Kohala region. The larger facility is at Waimea and
consists of a modern station and jail structure which serves'as headquarters for a
20-person full-time staff. The Kapa'au Police Station in North Kohala is housed in a
building that adjoins the-court building and is staffed by approximately 13 persons.
Both police stations were constructed relatively recently, and there is room within the
buildings for additional staff.
(b) Existing fire protection facilities in the South Kohala district consist
primarily of a County-operated fire station in Waimea, about 20 miles from the WBR.
This station has 24-hour staffing with a six-person crew and is equipped with pumper,
water tanker, and rescue van. To supplement the Waimea station, the County has a
single fire truck, one-person facility in Kawaihae which is staffed only between 8 a.m.
and 4 p.m. There are also two County fire trucks, one at Puako and another at
Waikoloa Village, manned solely by volunteers (Yoshizumi; November 9, 1984).
Additional fire protection capacity is provided by a privately owned fire truck at the
Mauna Kea Beach Hotel, manned by volunteers.
10.3.4.5 Transportation Facilities
(a) Highways; Major roadways in the West Hawai'i resort region are shown on
Figure 11-1. Access to the Waikoloa Beach Resort (WBR), as well as to the other major
resort projects within the Kohala Coast Resort Region, is provided by Queen
Ka'ahumanu Highway. Completed in 1975, this 33-mile long, two-lane, controlled-
access State highway, with a capacity of 2,000 vehicles per hour, links the major
resort development along the coast with Keahole Airport and Kailua-Kona to the south
and Kawaihae Harbor and the Waimea-Kawaihae Road to the north. The Hawai'i Belt
Road (Mamaiahoa Highway) serves the upland areas of North Kona and South Kohala.
Connections between Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and the Hawai'i Belt Road are
provided by the Waimea-Kawaihae Road (located about eight miles north of the WBR),
Waikoloa Road (located just north of the WBR entrance road), Ka'imi Nani Street, also
known as the Kona Palisade Subdivision Road (located a short distance south of the
Keahole Airport), and Palani Road at Kailua-Kona.
(b) Airports; Three airports serve the Kohala coast resort region. Two,
Keahole and Kamuela, are operated by the State Department of Transportation. The
third, the recently opened Waikoloa Airstrip, is operated by Princeville Airways. The
Kamuela and Waikoloa facilities are used primarily by commuter airlines and private
aircraft, although daily jet service is still available between Kamuela and Honolulu.
Keahole Airport is located approximately 20 miles south of the WBR. It is served by
all three of the major interisland air carriers, as well as by several commuter airlines
and air cargo companies. In 1982, Keahole Airport handled over I.I million
passengers, and the number has increased substantially since then. I ts^6,000-foot long
runway is adequate for the largest interisland aircraft, and wide-bodied jet aircraft
now fly directly to the airport from the West Coast. However, the runway is too short
to permit these aircraft to take off with a full load of fuel; therefore, return flights fo
the mainland must proceed via General Lyman Field in Hilo, where the aircraft top off
their fuel tanks.
(c) Harbors; In 1959 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers constructed Kawaihae
Harbor, which is used primarily for ir.ter-island barge service. Building materials,
consumer goods, and equipment, as well as the provisions and supplies needed to
111-45
-------
operate the hotels in South Kohala and Kona, pass through the harbor. Harbor
capacity is considered ample to accommodate the expected long-term growth of West
Hawai'i's tourist industry.
10.3.4.6 Solid Waste Disposal j
The Kailua landfill is located near Kailua-Kona and will serve the North Kona
and South Kohala coastal area until a planned new landfill site becomes operational.
The County Sewers and Sanitation Bureau is considering a new landfill site which
would be located about 10 miles east of the Kona Village Resort, in the vicinity of
Pu'uanahulu. The new site is expected to be operational in about three or four years,
and would accommodate solid waste generated by planned resort development in South
Kohala (Sugiyama; September 20, 1984). Refuse generated by the Sheraton Royal
Waikoioa Hotel, the golf course clubhouse, and other existing WBR facilities is
currently being collected by a privately contracted firm which trucks the waste to the
County-operated Kailua-Kona landfill.
10.3.4.7 Water Supply
(a) A preliminary analysis of municipal water supply problems and needs in the
South Kohala District was completed by the Corps of Engineers in 1984. Within the
South Kohala District water demand could increase from 2.5 million gallons a day
(mgd) to 20 mgd by the year 2010. The principal cause for increased demand is resort
development along the coast. The present supply of 4.5 mgd would be increased to 17
mgd by private development of groundwater. The development of groundwater is
regulated by the State of Hawai'i, Department of Land and Natural Resources,
Division of Water and Land Development. Approval from the State Department of
Health must also be obtained. '•
(b) The principal sources of water in the coastal region of the South Kohala
District are -the Lalamilo water system operated by the County of Hawai'i, and the
private Waikoioa water system. '
(c) The Waikoioa Water Co. owns the wells, reservoirs, and primary transmis-
sion mains that supply potable water to both the Waikoioa Village and Beach Resort.
Waikoioa Resort Utilities owns the water distribution and sewer lines and the sewage
treatment plant (STP) that serve the Beach Resort. Brackish water wells and effluent
from the STP provide the irrigation water for the Waikoioa Beach Resort golf course.
(d) The Waikoioa potable water wells serve the WBR as well as the Waikoioa
Village area, drawing from the Waikoioa aquifer, discovered in 1969. Parker wells
No. 4 and No. 5, located at the 1,200-foot level nearly five miles inland from PuakS
Bay, tap high-quality water /25 ppm chloride content versus chloride levels well above
200 ppm for most wells in the region (Boise Cascade Home and Land Corp.; 1976:17917.
The_storage capacity of the Waikoioa aquifer is estimated to be in excess of 100,0150
million gallons, with an estimated flow through the aquifer in the vicinity of the
existing wells on the order of 3.0 to 5.0 mgd (Bowles, Ms.).
(e) The Parker wells Nos. 4 and 5 were tested in 1972 to determine their
pumping capacity, and were found to have a combined capacity of just under 2 0 mgd
(Boise Cascade Home and Land Corp.; 1976:238). The pump in well No. 5 is currently
operating below capacity, but will be replaced; with a new pump, capacity of the two
wells should be very close to 2.0 mgd.
111-46
-------
(f) In addition to the two potable water wells, the existing water system
includes a one-million-gallon (mg) capacity reservoir near the weJls, a transmission
main connecting to a second reservoir of I.O-mg capacity located about a mile inland
of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway. The lower reservoir Is connected to the WBR by a
transmission main which enters the resort complex at the Intersection of the WBR
entrance road and the highway. Inside the resort the main runs within the road right-
of-way, terminating where the pavement now ends a few hundred feet south of the
proposed Hyatt site.
(g) The average annual potable water sales by Waikoloa Water Company over
the last four years amounted to 0.66 mgd. About half of this was used within the
Waikoloa Beach Resort, while the remainder was consumed by residential and commer-
cial users in the Waikoloa Village area. This is well within the I.O-mgd capacity of the
source (two I.O-mgd capacity wells, with one held on standby). Water sales and hotel
occupancy data indicate that average water use by the Sheraton Royal Waikoloa Hotel
is approximately 400 gallons per day per occupied unit.
(h) The two existing 18-hole golf courses (one in the village area and the other
in the WBR) are irrigated primarily with brackish water from Waikoloa wells (two at
lower elevations supplying the WBR course, and one at the 800-foot elevation
supplying the Village course). Water from these wells is not of potable quality dhe
chloride content exceeds 250 mg/l), but is satisfactory for golf course irrigation.
Treated effluent is mixed with the brackish water, and provides part of the golf course
irrigation water requirements of approximately 0.5 mgd. Two holding ponds for the
effluent/brackish water mix, with capacities of about 2.0 and 4.0 million gallons, are
located within the resort golf course.
10.3.4.8 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal System
Waikoloa Resort Utilities provides for the collection, treatment, and disposal of
Waikoloa Beach Resort wastewater. The utility's treatment plqnt is located 1,000 feet
south of the WBR entrance road intersection on the inland side of Queen Ka'ahumanu
Highway. It meets State Department of Health standards for private wastewafer
treatment facilities providing a secondary level of treatment. The primary units of
the plant consist of an aerated lagoon, a clarifier, and a contact tank, the State
Department of Health has approved the use of effluent for irrigation of the WBR golf
course. The treated effluent flows by gravity to the golf course holding ponds, where
it is mixed with brackish water. The existing wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has
an average flow capacity of 0.570 mgd. In 1983 actual flow ranged between 0.080 and
0.150 mgd. The WWTP was designed so that it could be expanded to an average flow
capacity of 2.330 mgd. Existing sewage pump station (SPS) peak capacity is 1,600
gallons per minute (gpm), and the system was designed for a planned capacity of
2,400 gpm.
10.3.4.9 Electrical Power
Electrical power for Hawai'i Island is mainly from oil-fired turbines and diesels,
but bagasse-fired boilers at the island's sugar companies currently provide about 19
percent of the Island's total generating capacity of 125,500 KW. The WBR is
estimated to currently use about one percent of this capacity. Electrical power to the
WBR is supplied by the Hawai'i Electric Light Company (HELCO) through a 69-KV
transmission line connected to the Waikoloa substation. This is located on the inland
side of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway along Waikoloa's southe. : boundary. The resort
distribution system is through underground conduits, and these extend to the end of the
111-47
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paved section of the WBR entrance road (Ala Mhi). a feyv hundred feet south of the
Hyatt site. Current electrical power consumption at the WBR is estimated to be about
nine MWH/year. ;
ij
10.3.4.10 Telecommunications !j
Telephone service to the WBR is provided by the Hawaiian Telephone Company.
A telephone substation is located on the south side! of the resort's wastewater
treatment plant, and a recently constructed Hawaiian Teteohone radio station near the
Sheraton provides telephone service to the resort via microwave. Telephone lines are
located underground in conduits similar to those used for electrical power distribution
lines. An empty conduit for cable television lines is also located within the road right-
of-way. These also currently terminate at the end of the paved section of Ala Mhi.
111-48
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CHAPTER IV
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
I. INTRODUCTION :
This chapter discusses the environmental effects of the alternatives described in
Chapter II. It is divided into an introduction and ten other sections, each dealing with
an area of significant environmental concern:
Section
Number
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Z.
9.
10.
Section Title
Topographic and Oceanographic Alterations
Anchialine Ponds
Coastal Water Quality and Marine Resources
Historical and Cultural Properties
Vegetation, Birds, and Terrestrial Wildlife
Socio-Economic Resources
Recreational Resources and Activities
Public Services and Facilities
Air Quality
Noise
2. TOPOGRAPHIC AND OCEANOGRAPHIC ALTERATIONS
2,1 THE LAGOON
(a) The proposed lagoon does not modify the middle or outer zones of Waiulua
Bay. All work is confined to the inner zone of the bay in the intertidal basalt flat.
The lagoon would deepen the area, creating a gradual sloping basalt bottom as
depicted in Figure 11-6. Its rock sides would be constructed to maintain aesthetics and
to increase wave attenuation to insure safe water conditions in the lagoon. The
connection between the inner and middle zones of Waiulua Bay would be deepened
slightly over a broad area rather than channelized.
(b) The water depth in the middle and outer portions of Waiulua Bay ranges
from 2 to 12 feet. This, as well as the shape of the bottom outside the bay, causes
large storm waves to break well offshore. The relatively shallow water depth in the
outer and middle zones of the bay, the basalt benches which are present, and the right-
angle bend into the inner bay all contribute to wave attenuation characteristics in the
bay. No modifications to the middle or outer zones of Waiulua Ray are proposed by
the applicants. Thus, the physical shape and bathymetry of the bay would continue to
act as a natural barrier against storm waves. The addition of the shoreline revetment
and the shallow entrance to the lagoon would provide further protection against storm
waves.
(c) The shoreline revetment would be designed to withstand the storm waves
which periodically strike the area. A natural rock appearance would be maintained
along the shoreline of most of the lagoon. Neither the changes to the inner zone of
the bay nor the shoreline berm would increase the susceptibility of shoreline areas to
inundation by tsunami (Sea Engineering, Inc., 1985).
IV-1
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-.--••
(d) Alternatives I and 2 would require,redesigning the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa
Hotel resort complex to fit.the land'cqnstrplnts1::Imposed by the two different
anchialine pond preservation areas. .However^lxtth; these alternatives would still
accommodate a lagoon of much the same «ize.: and shape as has been proposed. Some
of the recreational diversity desired by ,.
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the foregoing, it is estimated that approval of * thie^applicont^request would result in a
69 percent reduction In the number^ of: ponds:;withir»ithe|WBR/and a 72 percent
reduction in pond aquatic habitat^ If the anchialmefpoh'ds present within the existing
pond preservation area near 'Anaeho'omalu Bay'were included, ;the percentage of ponds
lost (in terms of both number and surface area) would be slightly lower.
(c) The 12-acre pond preservation orea Included Ini Alternative I would save 55
ponds having a surface area of approximately 3.8 acres.-'Alternative 2 would save 122
ponds, making it the best of the alternatives In this respect. Alternative 3 Is the same
as the applicants' proposal, except that the lagoon would be jellminated. This would
save 17 ponds, Increasing the number of ponds preserved within the project area to 79
when included with the 12-acre preservation area proposed by the applicant. Denial of
the permit would preserve all of the anchialine ponds on the WBR. A comparison of
the number of ponds lost and saved for each alternative Is provided In Table II-1.
(d) According to Maciolek and Brock (1974), the area occupied by the Waikoloa
Beach Resort contains the greatest number, density, and diversity of anchialine ponds
in the state. If the proposed action or Alternatives I or 3 were Implemented, the
number of ponds remaining in the pond preservation areas would be roughly equal to
the number Maciolek and Brock reported as being present in several of the region's
other pond complexes. The pond preservation areas that would be established as part
of any of these alternatives would contain a diversity of young and old closed
anchialine ponds. They would also be the only officially designated areas on the West
Hawai'I coast within which the preservation of ponds is assured and the only
concentration of ponds having a management plan providing for systematic pond study,
surveillance, and public access and education. Alternative 2 would result in the
preservation of 122 ponds, thereby insuring that the WBR continues to contain the
largest concentration of anchialine ponds in the region.
(e) Denial of the permit would maintain the WBR as the area having the
greatest number, concentration, and diversity of anchialine ponds in Hawai'i.
(f) Under the proposed action and Alternatives I, 2, and 3, it is likely that all
organisms living in the filled ponds would be killed. There is a possibility that a few
motile organisms might successfully migrate underground to ponds within the preser-
vation area. However, the number of individuals likely to accomplish this feat would
be small, and the loss in the number of individual organisms is expected to be substan-
tially greater than the number that might survive by migrating. While issuance of a
fj ii T"i^*r*m 7^ ff\^ti"««"fc*»*»«i+-*»""»Ji'"A*»«^— •••—••'-£ t_ — JJL— _i....*.*__*._ it i f i i
pond habitat in
with the existence
Kina'u, Maui, would allow the continued existence of anchialine pond organisms and
habitat.
(g) ^ Denial of the permit would preserve all the ponds within the WBR, and no
reduction in the number of anchialine pond organisms would occur.
(h) The proposed fill is expected to affect only those ponds into which it is
discharged directly. The basalt lava that would be used for this purpose is not contam-
inated, and it is not, therefore, expected to release pollutants into the ponds remaining
within the pond preservation areas. The groundwater in the project area is too saline
to be used as a source of potable drinking water, and it would not be contaminated by
the fill.^ Based on observations in the anchialine ponds next to the roads and other fill
areas within the WBR, and on commitments the applicants have made with respect to
IV-3
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odjacentKt
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_ pcpurse.^ig?Lv(pdditIon,?vthe report
hypothesized\that ^the additlonj
, groundwater 5 flux through; r
sampling, Oceanic Inii'tute ......__,_ _^._.._
ponds' natural, predevelopment'' conditionlarefhot rlimiting.^ Rather, the report
concluded that the:level of biologiesactivltyl(photosynthesis)Us constrained by
something else.-Oceanic Institute believes that.the high flushing rate characteristic of
the ponds' waters (as a result of tidal exchange) reduces;the tendency of higher
nutrient levels to increase the standing stock of phytoplanktorvf This probably explains
the absence of algal blooms In the pond?, but also suggests that maintenance of a
healthy pond environment, within the pond preservation areas: Is feasible as long as
flushing rates remain high.'' •*?;^'.'-'j-$&i ••.\---': •.•'r-^''-.''-:. '""':;":'/- •[ •
4. WATER QUALITY AND MARINE RESOURCES
4.1 EFFECTS ON COASTAL WATER QUALITY
(a) None of the alternatives Involve work In marine v/aters or in the middle or
outer zones of Waiulua Bay. The anchialine pond fill is confined to inland areas above
the mean high water level. The lagoon construction would also be confined to
intertidal basalt flat areas of Waiulua Bay and to anchiallnCi ponds and surrounding
lowland areas. A temporary rock berm would be placed between the inner and middle
zones of the bay to prevent turbid water from the construction area from being
carried out into Waiulua Bay. This berm would be removed once construction is
completed. ;
(b) Under some circumstances, development on the ponds or nearby inland
areas could influence the quality of groundwater discharging naturally Into coastal
waters. Estimates of increased nutrient discharges into neqrshore waters resulting
from operation of the Waikoloa Beach Resort were discussed In the environmental
impact statement prepared for the resort and submitted to the County of Hawai'i in
1976 by the Boise Cascade Home and Land Corp. Leaking sewer lines and excess
landscape fertilization were identified as potential nutrient sources, and the extent to
which these would increase nutrient concentrations in coastcl waters was estimated.
The report concluded that:
The extent of dilution (by ocean water) will eliminate any significant
effect of all these constituents with the possible exception of nitrogen.
The background level of nitrogen in coastal waters is not well established
-- it may be anywhere from 0.02 to 0.16 mg/l and quite likely is not
constant. The addition of nitrogen from the project through the basal lens
may increase the average coastal water concentration by as much as 0.03
mg/l in the nearshore surface waters. In localized areas of significant
basal water discharge into calm waters, the nitrogen level will be increased
by more than this (Boise Cascade Home and Land Corporation, 1976:285).
(c) The concentration of nutrients in anchialine pond water tested by Oceanic
Institute possibly reflects the artificial fertilization of the resort's golf course. The
proposed resort development is another potential source of nutrients, but Oceanic
Institute's scientists felt that wave action and currents would result in rapid mixing as
soon as the groundwater enters the ocean so that coastal water quality would be
maintained.
SV-5
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-' ; *~
""•"^S ^pm ••""." •' * "'• -"^i "•' •""»"* •"'•'*7ir'V^'i'^3BI~«'t""rltSfcC:*T^*;;1:^i"**w*?^>v^^V^tp™*i'^-"*'^'^I'"fra'?~^WSt^-~"-""~» ?lT"i ''.*•'••. ^ » - _.
F_, . j*iThe Jogoon included In.0he|appUccints5;prppJ5saIo^d Alternatives I and 2
<. would Intercept groundwater..whicH pr^ently^djscha>gej5"along the shoreline or into the
•open anchiallne ponds at thjp^adJjpfsWqiOlua"Bqy^A'certqin'degree of stratification
..would occur within .the water];ri'the" Iggow^^h^oplslic^ts^Gre concerned that water
quality within the lagoon-be sultab^ thus, they do not
want the lagoon water to, stagnate lorjdevelopfalgonjlojjms.^'Towards this end, they
want to insure short.water residence|tirne.%T.heIr'present design Involves pumping
groundwater into the lagoon from a new, shallow well that .would be drilled nearby. An
estimated 3,200 gallons per minute, or^.6 million'gal 16ns per day would be added to
the lagoon .through several discharge-pointstqlong;Its:bottom. The well water
discharge would break down'the stratification^rnlx the1 two layers within the lagoon
and result in a net .outflow from the lagoon. ^Without the proposed supplemental
groundwater pumping Into the lagoon, It Is possible thai a layer of denser (because of
Its higher salinity) ocean water could be trapped beneath the outflowing surface layer
of fresher groundwater and stagnate. As a result of the supplemental pumping, it is
expected that water quality within the lagoon will be similar to that now found in the
open ponds, although some increase in nutrient levels may be experienced as a result
of fertilization around the lagoon and In other upland areas.
(e) Following lagoon construction, naturally; flowing groundwater would
discharge into the proposed lagoon rather than at the existing shoreline. The edge of
the basal lens (which is already quite brackish in this area) would move inland to the
mauka side of the lagoon. The well supplying the lagoon would draw from a zone
beneath the lens so that the cone of drawdown around it would not produce significant
further intrusion of saltwater. The existing wells nearjest the lagoon supply brackish
water to the Waikoloa Beach Resort golf course. They are approximately one mile
Inland from the proposed lagoon and well. No measurable increase in the saltiness of
this well water is expected as a result of the operation of the well supplying the
lagoon. The nearest potable water wells are located approximately seven miles away
near Waikoloa Village at an elevation of 1,200 feet. These potable water wells would
not be affected by the slight change in the boundary of t^e basal lens at the shoreline.
(f) The use of natural rock for shoreline revetments and natural sand for the
proposed beach would not release contaminants into the lagoon or coastal waters. As
the number of people using the shoreline and lagoon increases, there is a potential for
increased bacterial levels and trash. The quality of the lagoon water will be monitored
regularly, and groundwater pumping rates adjusted so that safe swimming conditions
are maintained. Resort employees would remove accumulated trash on a daily or more
frequent basis.
(g) ^Stormwater runoff to the ocean — even during the region's most intense
storms — is essentially nil at present because the rainwater can percolate downward
through the extremely permeable 'a'a and pahoehoe lava more rapidly than it falls.
Any development on the ponds or inland would requires the importation of soils for
landscaping, and the addition of impervious surfaces; such as roads, buildings, and
parking areas has the potential to decrease permeability.
(h) The permeability of the topsoil likely to be used in landscaping the resort is
at least 2 inches per hour. Even if it is compacted by heavy foot traffic across lawn
areas, the permeability would remain 0.5 inch per hour: or greater. Measurable runoff
from paved areas does not usually occur unless rainfall exceeds O.I inch per day. Mean
annual rainfall at the WBR is only about 10 inches per year. Extrapolating from data
collected at Gauge 95.1 in Puako, it is estimated that, on the average, 24-hour rainfall
exceeds O.I inch per day only 13 times per year; it exceeds 0.5 inch per day only 3
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'^^''^^'^^^^^^^^^i^^^s^^m^m^ms^^^^ ••
suggests|lhatj;stprmmmoff.£chonge$tresutng from resort
td he limited'^!^S!!j^*S£^®e*a5^*®iaE*S(tlK*it^~-—-- • •
'(&: -V •' "•"' -•t-"-,*..?,'"*'': -,' •;•. V; • :.'.v. •• •;-••»•;
*y: times ; per| year;
/development are
•i.S;':-
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«,A.W.>-*.!•«"..
* , . *
:?^%?!>
encouraged to"depart the areiai byIpw^^ Int^MltyJexpjosIo^defonatecJ Immediately prior
to the main charge. .^ lmporiahtlbeVithi<£^ oysters and
clams have been,found to be"resistantctoi^pck!froh|^u^ierwater explosions. Young
(February'1973), for exampIe^TeportedithiatMobsters^showed no signs of Injury when
exposed.to 20-pound chargesi;at,d;^distance>bfConIy^50 feet: In open water. The
anchialine pond preservation;area, located aboutH,400|,feet away from the closest
edge of the lagoon, should notJ>e affected by grpynd shock waves.
5. HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PROPERTIES -&£& !•
(a) Pond filling and lagoon excavation "associated with the known applicants'
proposal and Alternatives I, 2, or 3 would have no direct Impact on archaeological
resources. Scientific data present on archaeological jisltes at the Hyatt Regency
Waikoloa Hotel site were recovered to the satisfaction of the State Historic
Preservation Officer. In addition, the applicants have agreed with the State Historic
Preservation Officer to preserve sites within the Waiulua Bay, Kaniku, and Nawahine
Settlement complexes. The applicants have further agreed to provide interpretive
displays and walkways around the Waiulua Bay Settlement. All other archaeological
sites on the Hyatt site would be destroyed.
(b) The State Historic Preservation Officer and the applicants are still discuss-
ing the results of archaeological reconnaissance work .-that was undertaken on the
remainder of the coastal properties with anchialine ponds and are exploring ways to
best protect and manage the archaeological remains situated there. Based on the best
available information, these sites do not appear to [be eligible for the National
Register of Historic Places. However, in regard to jthis area the State Historic
Preservation Officer is continuing to explore with the applicants the need and desire
to: ,
o Salvage and preserve important archaeological remains;
o Relocate and reconstruct some archaeological features;
o Provide for archaeological surveillance and monitoring of earthmoving and
excavation work by a qualified archaeologist;
o Assure adequate monitoring of the applicants' activities and the work of the
surveillance archaeologist; and
o Develop and implement educational programs, including the provision of
displays and walkways.
6. IMPACTS ON VEGETATION, BIRDS, AND WILDLIFE
6.1 VEGETATION
With the exception of no action/permit denial, iall of the alternatives under
consideration would result in substantial changes in the vegetative communities
present on the project site. The construction of the proposed hotel and resort
residential units would involve clearance of the existing vegetation, except for the
Marsh and Coastal Strand communities present within the anchialine pond preservation
areas. Other alternatives involve greater or lesser pond preservation areas and, hence,
preservation of differing amounts of marsh and coastal strand vegetation as shown in
Table II-1. Landscaping of the development sites would involve numerous exotic,
indigenous, and endemic plant species, as wellas a significant increase in the total
amount of plant material present and species abundance on the property.
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6.2 BIRDS AND WILDLIFE
^^, ..A.-,. -.-,•••.. '-^^s^^fmm^^^-:: -
.-•••-. :, . .••.;;;;<>,•?••?-.•?'•?' •\^VSSMreS!-.-><-i;--« .-,'. ,.•
• '^iZ^-: ••^^&jj&^^^i
s (a) All of the alternatives exceptf-no^acfionTpermit denial would result in
considerable changes in the avion community^ The loss of anchialine ponds and kiawe
thickets, as well as the increased human presence, would discourage use of the area by
the family of Black-Crowned Night Herons observed In trees around the ponds near the
head of Waiulua Bay. They would probably be displaced to other pond areas on the
West Hawai'I coast. I
f
(b) The change In vegetation and environment would lead to a gradual increase
in the number of exotic and introduced birds, and to an increase in pets such as cats
and dogs. The Common Mynah would probably Increase in number, as would the House
Sparrow and the Nutmeg Mannikin. The open grassy lawns and remaining anchialine
ponds and unchanged shoreline would probably continue to1 attract some migratory
waterbirds. The number of migratory waterbirds now visiting the site Is already low,
and the populations are likely to decline further in the future as a result of the
proposed development. No major change In the feral animal population is expected.
The increased human presence, particularly the food handling areas, may lead to some
increase in the number of mice, rats, and mongooses.
63 THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES
No species listed on the Federal list of threatened and endangered species are
affected by the proposed project. Consultation with the U.S.[Fish and Wildlife Service
and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (see Appendix C) indicates that
neither the proposed action nor the alternatives would jeopardize the continued
existence of the endangered Hawaiian stilt, humpback whale, or Hawaiian hoary 'bat.
Similarly, It would not adversely affect the threatened green sea turtle. Consultation
witrMhe NMFS concerning the effects of blasting on the Whales and sea turtles is
continuing. i
7. SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT
7.1 INTRODUCTION
(a) An assessment of future socio-economic response to any proposed project
is necessarily speculative. In the current instance, the degree of uncertainty is
particu arly great because detailed plans for development within the project area are
available only for the Hyatt site, because the shape of off-site secondary growth has
not been fully established by State and County governments, and because there is
uncertainty regarding the applicants' ability to implement alternative development
schemes. Finally, it must be noted that the applicants are currently awaiting County
and State decisions on many of the on-site development permits needed to implement
their plans, and additional approvals of an employee housing program, water system
expansion, and other infrastructure will also be n-cessary. Requirements imposed as
part of any of these permit processes could lead ;w adjustments in their plans.
(b) Social impacts are largely a function of the overall magnitude of the devel-
opment ^that is undertaken rather than the specific- site layout. Hence, were the
alternatives to the applicants' proposal to be implemented, they would have essentially
the same effects as the proposed action. If the project were to be abandoned, the
pace of economic development in West Hawai'i would be greatly slowed or stopped
altogether. Population would be lower, as would personal income and other relevant
economic oarameters.
IV-9
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-..p^^^^^^vl-'7' -'
(c) The overall social impacf|^^fhe|y^^;was|discussed extensively in an
environmental Impact statement..submitt6d]|o\theIC6ynJy*;bf Hawai'i in 1976 fBoise
Cascade Home and Land Corp.). -Theypfbject-speclfic^ffects of the proposed Hyatt
Regency Waikoloa Hotel, one of; the'irnpst^mportdnt^jplements of the resort, are
addressed in some detail In a\ recent:>:spc!o^economid''.assessment by Community
Resources, Inc. (September1984). .;^:^.^|?-'1^a^^;^''l'r;''':
(d) As noted elsewhere In this report^fhe^,Waikoi6a Beach Resort is one of
three major resort developments now underway along the South Kohala coastline. All
three, together with other resort growth in the North Kona District, are identified as
major resort destination areas In the Land Use portion of the Hawai'i County General
Plan and on the General Plan's Land Use Pattern Allocation Maps. The three major
South Kohala resorts, together with the Keauhou Resorjt in North Kona, are largely
self-contained with respect to their own water, power, and other utility lines.
However, the off-site secondary growth which they will induce is expected to increase
the demand on non-resort utility systems and public services as well. The Corps'
assessment indicates that the necessary Infrastructure: is now available-or can be
expanded to meet these future demands.
(e) Community Resources' analysis of the effects of the proposed Hyatt
Regency Waikoloa Hotel project concluded that the existing West Hawai'i labor force
on the Island of Hawai'i is insufficient to meet all the labor force needs of the pro-
posed Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel, especially considering the near-term expansion
plans of neighboring resorts. Depending upon the rate at which the remainder of the
project area is developed, the demand for workers generated by this development
could also stimulate in-migration. Newly arrived workers would increase the demand
for housing and heighten the need for public services and infrastructure in support
housing areas. The ratio of Caucasians to other ethnjc groups in the region-could
increase as individuals and families in-migrate from off-Island and out-of-state to take
advantage of the resort employment and other visitor-related business opportunities.
The region's old plantation lifestyle and cultural attributes would change in response to
rapid and sizeable economic and demographic growth. Cultural conflicts could
increase, as could the incidence of crimes against tourists.
7.2 EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION IMPACTS \
7.2.1 Construction Period
(a) Estimates prepared by the applicant for the Hyatt project indicate that its
construction would involve over 1,600 person-years. (A "person-year" is defined as one
person working full time for a period of one year.) • Averaged over the 28-month
construction period that is expected for the Hyatt, this amounts to roughly 700
additional construction jobs. Employment levels would, of course, fluctuate signifi-
cantly over time, so that relatively few workers might be on-site during the early
months of the project when the site is being prepared, and as many as 1,200 to 1,500
might be present at one time for short periods during the intense activity that
accompanies final fitting-out of the hotel. •
(b) Construction employment on the three other sites within the project area
would be substantially less than for the Hyatt. Because [these sites are expected to be
developed sequentially, average construction employment gensrated by their develop-
ment would be less than would be experienced during the years the Hyatt is being
built. The average during these later years is expected to be approximately 240
construction jobs, but annual averages might vary from as few as 170 to as many as
370 construction jobs.
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m-' •' - •:>,
; (c). Generally, the construction '.labor; forcei-requirements are expected to be
met by employing local workers and by bringing In additional .workers for short periods
of tinned Hence, the effect of this construction employment'ori!the resident population
would be minimal except that It could allow Individuals .already in the construction
labor force to remain in the region.: ^ " *f* - ••'„- «~ 1
7.23, Operational Period r' "'*'
(a) Resort development as proposed would lead to a permanent Increase in the
number of jobs, residents, and visitors In the region. Comjnunlty Resources, Inc.
(September 1984; March 1985) estimated that the Hyatt Rpgency Waikoloa Hotel
would generate nearly.1,900 direct visitor industry jobs supporting an additional 4,000
persons in West Hawai'I. These jobs would be both In the hotel Itself and In direct
visitor industry businesses which are supported by the expenditures of the hotels and
hotel guests. Development on the other three sites covered by the DA permit applica-
tion was forecast to add another 1,600 direct visitor industry jobs and 3,400 residents.
Over the long term, then, the proposed action is expected to result in the formation of
approximately 2,900 direct visitor industry jobs; these jobs would, in turn, support a
resident population of about 6,900 people.
(b) The Hyatt is expected to have an average visitor census of about 1,900
persons, while the average number of visitors and residents in the two additional resort
hotels and single condominium project planned for the other jsites within the project
area is forecast at almost 1,400 persons. During peak periods, i'the visitor census could
be as much as 20-percent higher than the annual average. I
7.3 HOUSING IMPACTS :
i
7.3.1 Construction Period j
(a) Community Resources, Inc. (September 1984) estimated that about 300
workers might enter the housing market in search of long-term leases while the Hyatt
iSjbeing constructed. If these workers are accommodated in single-family homes, the
number of units needed to house them would be less than 100. If they are housed
instead in small apartments, the number of units required would be proportionately
greater. Assuming a typical distribution between single- and multi-family units, the
additional housing demand during construction of the Hyatt is unlikely to exceed 150-
200 units, and it could well be substantially lower.
(b) An additional 300 off-island workers may enter the short-term rental
housing market for a period of a few months at a time during the construction of the
Hyatt. Depending upon the choices they make between single- and multi-family units,
the total could range from as little as 120 to as high as 250 units. Peak construction
employment would be reached when off-island workers with special skills not readily
available on the island arrive for periods ranging from a few days to a few weeks.
These workers would almost certainly stay in hotels or condominiums now in the
vacation rental market; their use by construction workers would have little effect on
resident housing.
(c) The other sites within the project area are substantially smaller than the
Hyatt site, and development on them would have proportionately lower construction
worker housing requirements. Construction of the hotel planned for Site 12 would
begin just after the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel is completed. Because of its size,
this hotel would have the most significant construction work force requirements of all
IV-11
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the post-Hyatt projects. Community Resources^ Inc?(March 1985) forecasts that the
average construction worker housing neediresu|ting frbrn this hotel would be well
•'under 100units. :''^:%:':H'^^^^^^^^^^|ft^f^|,v>r: ' • •
(d) If they were Implemented, Alternatives I ancj 3 would generate about the
same need for construction worker housing as the applicants' proposal. If it were
financially viable, Alternative 2, which allocates 39 acres of the resort's shoreline land
to preservation, would generate approximately one-half to two-thirds the construction
worker housing requirement as the applicants' proposal.); If the permit is denied, no
additional housing would be needed.for construction workers.
7.3.2 Operational Period i
(a) Slightly over 300 workers could move to Kohala as a result of the Hyatt
project if the applicants' proposal is implemented. Of these, roughly two-thirds would
be service workers with relatively limited incomes. Development planned subsequent
to the Hyatt would support an additional 200 to 220 in-migrant workers. Converting
these figures to households suggests that direct visitor industry employment generated
by the Hyatt might generate a demand for about 200 additional Kohala area homes.
The remaining planned hotel and condominium projects would increase this by an
additional 140 units. Hence, total employee housing demand associated with planned
development within the project area is forecast at about ;350 units.
(b) Securing affordable housing is likely to be a serious concern for the newly
formed and in-migrating households from which the direct visitor industry work force
required to support the applicants' proposal would be drawn. These households total
between 125 and 185 for the Hyatt, and from 80 to 130 for the subsequent planned
projects. If historical trends continue, many of these households may require housing
assistance or be forced to live in sub-standard conditions,
(c) If they could be implemented, Alternatives)I and 3 would generate about
the same employee housing demand as would the applicants' proposal. If it were
financially viable, Alternative 2, which allocates 39 acres of the resort's shoreline land
to preservation, would generate a need for approximately one-half to two-thirds the
amount of employee housing as the applicants' proposal. If the permit is denied, no
additional employee housing would be needed.
7.4 OTHER ECONOMIC IMPACTS
(a) Over its 28-month construction period, the Hyatt development would
generate about $85 million dollars in personal income. Nearly $46 million would
accrue to residents of the Big Island, mostly (80 percent) to those living in West
Hawai'i. Construction expenditures for the three remaining planned projects are
forecast to generate nearly $70 million in personal income statewide, about half of it
on the Big Island. Available data suggests that tax collections from personal income
average about 17 percent, or $6-milIion per year during construction of the Hyatt.
Average annual tax income during development of the remaining three sites within the
permit area is forecast to be about $2-million.
(b) Long-term operational employment generated directly by the Hyatt
Regency Waikoloa Hotel would produce an estimated $50-million dollars per year in
personal income statewide, and the increase on the Big Island would approach $30-
million. Development of the three remaining sites would increase personal income in
the State and County by $33-million and $l9-million, respectively.
1V-I2
-------
/ \ n * . - . \/v'^^/'^^^.:r:::v-v-^^jaiHw^.^a^-*.i!?s«^'rar?>s <~'i.v
-------
'• • '• • ' •-' •• "7*^ES^f^?5»i?^*^^>I^^ii^^r«/-?'v;;: ••••- , .. ... _.
crime data nationwide (Pizam; 1982), In"comparable7areas such as Florida (McPheters
& Stronge; 1974), and In Hawai'i (Fujii,;.Mak^&>Nishimu'ra} 1978 and Chesney-Lind &
Lindj 1984) lead to contradictory conclusibhsi|There was some consistency in finding a
relationship between tourism and robberies^and^n.Hawal'I, rape as well), but the data
are not clear cut. • •...'.'• :' •-.'•''';:--^S^fpll^^l/.;, •-,
(b) Community Resources, I nc.'s analysis of overall crime rate data for rural
resort areas suggests there may be a temporary spurt in reported crime (particularly
thefts) following openings of major new resort projects, but long-term trends in Kohala
and Kona do not suggest continued growth: In crime^ rates In direct proportion to
continued resort development or population growth rates. That is, the per-unit impact
of the Hyatt Regency on local crime rates is expected lo be less than the impact of
previous hotel openings, and the impact of the subsequent projects less still.
!
(c) Additional perspectives gained through interviews with Kona and Kohala
police captains include these points: i
o On-site crime at existing West Hawai'i luxury hotels is minimal and usually
involves theft from rooms or cars by hotel workers.
o Off-site, visitors are most frequently victimized by thefts from parked cars
or of valuables left on the beach.
i
o Police do not feel there are substantial "spill-over" effects on residents.
That is, residents are not more likely to be crime victims because they live
near resorts, nor are many adult residents tempted to commit crimes if they
are not already inclined toward criminality. [
o The major "spill-over" effect of concern to police is the increase in crime
opportunities at parks and beaches, where thefts are most frequently com-
mitted by juveniles. However, the impacts of the various proposed Waikoloa
projects are likely to be dampened by (!) the tendency of guests to drive all
around the island, not just to nearby areas, and (2) the absence in Kohala of a
"street scene" such as contributes to delinquency in Kailua-Kona or Lahaina.
o An indirect effect of tourism on crime is through conflicts between longtime
residents and newcomers who may be employed in resorts. Physical confron-
tations lead to assault charges against either party, but often it is the
transient newcomer who commits the crime of theft against the longtime
local resident.
o On the other hand, police believe Mainland-raised people are more likely to
report crime, and local people are also more likely to file reports as the
population grows and becomes more filled with;strangers. Thus, there may be
an increase "on paper" of crime in Kohala as economic development leads to
more in-migration and population growth. '
7.5.3 Effects on Social Structure ,
—____—_—____—*.^—i^_ i
Impacts of resort development on local residents' values, lifestyles, and "quality
of life" are indirect and difficult to measure. Nevertheless, effects will be felt over
the long term, changing along with other societal trends and circumstances. To some
extent, it is more possible to identify aspects of social structure which can be affected
by increased resort development.
IV-14
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o Ethnic Relation onaVC^ move ,nfo the
win be somejncreoses^Jri^existinglproblerns of intercultural
^51 experience suggests'Jongtirne">residents tend to "act out"
>, while many newcomersjar^rnore^likely: to feel socially isolated
ealtn assistance.S.:lf;rnn«:+•'iinno^ rri^,^«««~,__» ti? __.
and seek mental, health assistance
structure. And
Waikiki work .,
tural dimension
are
sjri Asian immigrants among the
iV*u-.- at'- t-i i _ . . " .
a new mtercul-
t f i •-•»•«•»• >w» ^»«iv«W 41 • f~%tf*UI | tl4|l|||Vj
k force begin to be>eplicated on:ihtf Big Island,
iion will emerged '• -'. .•'^^v^t^S^S^if.-:?, •
• ' • v/>^.-s ..". ' v^^r^;?^!^^^?®^;-'^1-;-'1
. Organizations.;^ North Kohaitfs plantation legacy and cultural
equahty have historically discouraged longtime residents from
•biic^pos.t.ons of leadership (Chang,- 1977, 1979). As a result, man^
TK-^l j community organizations are filled by relative new-
g««J^tMxr^Ti^l5SSW2^ •""«•of ~-
orcr °f the vlsit°r Industry in South Kohala is
accompan.ed by the reemergence of labor unions as important socio-
1 ° Sinle Uni0 C°ntro1 both of fhe
nn , *
frceTn^n! n rv0""1 °I ^ ^ K°ha'a h°tdS' lf WOUld b*C°™
force in local politics and within the evr-vday lives of many residents.
n, !rharacter' The ->-'«»t sharp distinctions between the
and social characters of the major area population centers
QffeCted» °nd PerhQPs reinforce'd, byth;
' , H°WSYer' the H^att Qnd subsequent
^ u stimulate m^e rapid growth at Waikoloa
, wh.ch could become the community of top and middle management
7.5.4 Mitigation Measures
7.5.4.1 Housing
^^
obs.
W°Uld be Willln9 *> commute to Kohala
IV-15
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• • - :~3'K * ':•
o Improved dissemination of Information io employees regarding housing assist-
ance programs for which, ttey^rtwy^floal ifyj^^^j;;^^-.'.^'.::'.
o Government fmUItaflm^pf1i^hg:'d^lopm'e|if In areas "within reasonable
commuting distance to the growth centers of North Kona and South Kohala
but where land costs are lower" (Hawai'i, State of, Department of Planning
and Economic Development, ^awai'I Inter-Divisijon Committee, I ?84:22).
7.5.4.2 Maximizing Employment Benefits for Longtime Residents
(a) As discussed in Section 6.3.5.3, there Is sbme community concern that
younger and/or native Hawaiian residents are growing t|O feel alienated from tourism
jobs. Steps that could be taken to avoid this include the following:
o A determination should be made of the extent to which disaffection is
actually present and its causes.
o Many of the region's youth come from rural areas where the emphasis has
been on agriculture and the values attached to an agricultural existence. The
agricultural sector of the economy has become stagnant in recent years.
Increasing efforts to educate high school students and others entering the
work force to the demands of the urban, service-type jobs which are most
likely to be available could be beneficial. <
i.
o Hotel managers, many of whom come from out of state, should be educated
regarding cultural factors in Hawai'i. This would make them better prepared
to deal with local residents as employees and enhance the job satisfaction of
their employees.
(b) The beneficial consequences of maximizing employment opportunities for
current residents are not, however, ultimately restricted to any particular ethnic or
age groups. There may even be need for active efforts to retrain East Hawai'i sugar
workers for West Hawai'i resort employment should the plantations suddenly falter due
to national economic or political conditions. From the resort operators' perspective, a
work force consisting of longtime residents is less likely to feature constant turnover
and subsequent high retraining costs.
(c) Given such considerations, resort developers and/or hotel operators could
work in partnership with public agencies and community groups to develop resident-
oriented job training programs, including components such as on-site job counseling/
referral programs and extensive community awareness efforts. The Kuilima Resort on
O'ahu is currently attempting to develop such a program (Kuilima Development
Company, 1984). Success in such efforts would also mitigate housing needs, to the
extent that employment is maximized among alreadyrhoused residents living within
reasonable commuting distance. :
7.5.4.3 Other Steps
(a) implementation of the State's long-standing plan to develop Kiholo south of
WBR as a State Park could provide residents both with a new beach facility that is
separate from visitor development and with the reassurance that the Kohala/Kona
coastline has not been abandoned to outsiders. This would complement the very signif-
icant steps that have been taken to provide good shoreline access within the Waikoloa
Beach Resort. i
IV-16
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(b) Given the large number of units"tp^^^wej>ope'dJa)frthe'Kxatt site and at
the other nearby affected sites, and given...the!!c^mce^f;lnealrby°communities which
could be used for this purpose, It might b^apprbprlafei.to"provide on-site child care
facilities at the WBR. Alternatively, if It better;Tmet the ijieeds of workers, such
facilities could be supported In communities such '"cis"Hcwl^cjirWaimea. This would
make it more feasible for parents with young children r'tofwork and reduce the
pressures on families Induced by shift work. ;,: ; s&;-^ .|:/
; ' :¥:' •'•••' • •• .• ' .•''-./'•:'f^!&&&-l^i' '
(c) Finally, a standing communication mechanism5 bejtween resort managers
and the leaders of nearby communities and community organizations should be devel-
oped. It could help prevent conflicts and resolve those that do occur. It could also be
of aid in designing the housing and/or employment mitigations previously discussed.
8, IMPACTS ON RECREATIONAL RESOURCES AND ACTIVITY
8.1 WITHIN THE WAIKOLOA BEACH RESORT
(a) The applicants' proposed action would increase theinumber and diversity of
recreational facilities in the region and on the island. This!would be accomplished
through the addition of tennis courts, a bowling alley, a half-acre freshwater swim-
ming pool and 5-acre swimming lagoon, and a health spa/sports complex proposed as
part of the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel and by otherf (as yet undetermined)
recreational facilities that would be constructed on the other jthree development sites
within the permit area. It would also result in the construction of improved rights-of-
way between the resort entrance road and the shoreline as well as public parking areas
for the cars of shoreline users. These would complement the shoreline access and
public beach facilities already constructed by Transcontinental Development Co. «il
'Anaeho'omalu Bay.
•;' (b) Hotel guests would be the primary users of the hotel amenities, but
residents and day visitors could also use the restaurants, fowling alley, and other
facilities. Various community organizations are also expected to utilize the new
dining and banquet facilities that would be constructed if development proceeds as
proposed.
(c) In accordance with conditions established by the County of Hawai'i, public
rights-of-way would be maintained between the resort entrance road and the shoreline
along the sides of each of the sites developed in the project area. Establishment of
these beach rights-of-way would increase the accessibility: of the shoreline of the
WBR, Continued public access along the shoreline would be assured. The provision of
public parking areas near the heads of these rights-of-way would insure that the paths
are usable by the general public. The elimination of anchialine ponds and construction
of buildings on parcels fronting the trail would significantly alter the character of the
shoreline setting, a change which some users would probablyjfind undesirable. At the
same time, the creation of pond preservation areas and the development of interpre-
tive displays for them could enhance public awareness and understanding of these
coastal ecosystems. "
(d) Fishing and diving from boats offshore of the project area probably would
not be adversely affected, and might well increase. However,, the pole and net fishing
which now occur along the shoreline might decline if local fishermen feel intimidated
by the presence of the proposed resort facilities and substantial numbers of visitors.
I
IV-17
-------
:;.',*',"
(e) In-water construction proposed:by^ne|opplicantsis limited to excavation
of the.lagoon, slight deepening;of.^fhe^jnnerrm)st|2on4:of the bay, two pedestrian
bridges, a beach, and other resort/sfructures|associated with the Hyatt project (see
Figure 11-5). These changes would not adversely|affeet the surfing area just south of
Waiulua Bay, but usage of this surf ing spot might. Increase as a result of the improved
shoreline access and increased regional population.which implementation of the
proposal would bring about,, , - ^ !•
"""- I
(f) If development alternatives I or 3 were pursued, they would have essential-
ly the same impacts as would the applicants' proposal because they involve essentially
the same number of units and the same land crea. Because of the 39-acre preservation
area which it involves, Alternative 2 would result In substantially less development
than the other alternatives (except for permit denial). The result would ba fewer on-
site recreational amenities, as well as a reduction In the expected usage of off-site
public and private recreational facilities.
8.2 OUTSIDE THE WAIKOLOA BEACH RESORT
(a) By increasing "the resident and visitor population of the region, the
proposed action would inevitably increase the demand on existing public parks, recrea-
tional areas, and historic sites. Some of this would result from the increased visitor
population that it would produce, but the most significant cause would be the
increased resident population directly and indirectly supported by the jobs that would
be generated. i
(b) Based on information obtained from South Kphala hotels, car rental person-
nel, and other community obse-vers, the primary reasons for the off-site trips are
sight-seeing, shopping, and occasional evening dining (Community Resources, Septem-
ber 1984). In view of the extensive range of recreational activities that would be
available within the WBR, the number of daily off-site recreational trips generated by
development within the project area is expected to be relatively low, probably on the
order of 500 per day.
(c) The projected 7,400-person increase in the resident population of West
Hawai'i, wKich would be supported by project-related direct visitor industry employ-
ment, represents a large gain over the existing level. However, existing State and
County parks and other recreational resources should still be sufficient to meel the
region's recreational needs if planned recreational facility improvements identified in
the County's Recreation Plan (Hawai'i, County of, Department of Parks and Recrea-
tion and Planning Department, 1973) are completed.
9. IMPACTS ON PUBLIC SERVICES AND FACILITIES
9.1 THE PROPOSED ACTION
i
9.1.1 Transportation
(a) Peak traffic on the Waikoloa Beach Resort entrance road near Queen
Ka'ahumanu Highway following construction of the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel
would exceed 1,000 vehicles per hour. The level of service for through traffic on the
highway would remain at "A", as would the level of service for vehicles turning into
the resort and vehicles exiting the resort to the south. (Service level "A" is the best
possible on a scale of A through E; at this service'level there is little of no restriction
on speed or maneuverability.) however, because of conflicts with through traffic and
northbound vehicles turning into the resort, the number of vehicles desiring to turn
left out of the resort onto Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway would exceed the capacity of
,'Aiis-SS'iv. ••'''••-ff:-':$?:?.^£M$&.
-------
the intersection. Reducing the speed limit on the^highwayt In the vicinity of the Inter-
section would increase the capacity of the left; turn .movement; to the point where the
expected volume could be '
i (b) Continuing development of the sites within the prbjfect area would increase
traffic volumes beyond the capacity 'of the" intersection.^ |To avoid the resulting
congestion, signalization and/or physical Improvements to the intersection would be
required. The applicants have indicated that they have plans;. jFor such improvements,
including the eventual construction -of a second entrance road to the resort opposite
the! existing road to Waikoloa Village, and would Implement them as necessary.
(c) Visitors moving to and from the resort facilities proposed for the permit
area would probably increase passenger traffic through Keahole Airport by at least 50
percent over its 1983 level. Development of other resort facilities In the region Is
expected to proceed as well, so that the volume of passenger traffic handled by the
airport is projected to at least double by the early 1990s.
capable of accommodating this higher volume of passenger
noticeable Increase In congestion.
Existing facilities are
traffic, albeit with a
(d) United Airlines has already initiated direct flights from California to
Keahole, bypassing Honolulu and the inter-island air carriers, but the 6,000-foot length
of the existing runway at Keahole is too short to permit these long-range aircraft to
take off fully loaded. As a result, departing flights leave w!ihjori!>" a partial fuel load,
stopping at either Hilo or Kahului for refueling. The State Department of Transporta-
tion 's preparing to update the master plan for Keahole Airpor^t, and facility improve-
ments .needed to accommodate direct flights to and from the mainland could be opera-
tional within about five years if studies show that they are justified.
(e) The State Department of Transportation has indicated that facilities at
Kawaihae Harbor are adequate to accommodate the expected long-term water trans-
portation needs of West Hawai'i. :
9.1.2 Potable Water
(a) Total potable water use by the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel is forecast
to be between 0.5 and 0.75 million gallons per day (MGD). The capacity of the wells
supplying the existing water system (exclusive of required backup) is approximately 1.0
MGD, and the existing water use in the system is approximately 0.66 MGD. Cumula-
tive water demand following construction of the Hyatt would he between 1.16 and 1.42
MGD. The need for additional source capacity would be further accentuated by devel-
opment of the two additional hotels and condominium project planned for the project
area. Waikoloa Resort Utilities (September 28, 1984) has committed itself to provide
the necessary service. ,
. • ' \
(b) Since the capacity of the existing wells would be exceeded, a new potable
water well (or wells) would need to be drilled. During the 1970s (Bowles, Ms.) studies
were conducted of the aquifer which the Waikoloa wells tap and indicate that its
capacity, in the vicinity of the existing well field, Is on the order of 3.0 to 5.0 MGD.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers places the capacity of the aquifer in the 3.0 to 6.0
MGD range. This is more than adequate to accommodate all of the resort
development proposed by the applicants. The additional development of groundwater
resources that would be needed to accommodate the proposed uses would require a
permit from the State of Hawai'i, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division
of Land and Water Development. The State Department of Health must also approve
-------
.
sources developed to serve potable water^ Expansion?of] the water system would also
have to conform to a policy of the County o|.Hawai'i Department of Public Works that
requires that the availability of adequafelwdter supplies be demonstrated prior to
t issuance of a building permit. *'<.-^''~ ,,~ -|
J < . I •£•,,, _," •--.'-•' -,-U.~-~ I
I 9,1.3 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal I
r ————————«»«»i«——*.—»-^—~t-— f
Wastewater treatment and disposal services for the Waikoloa Beach Resort are
provided by Waikoloa Resort Utilities. The proposed Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel
would generate approximately 0.4 MGD of wastewater.j, When combined with waste-
water generated by existing development at the WBR, this would cause the 0.57 MGD
, capacity of the existing wastewater treatment facility to be reached or exceeded.
Subsequent development of the other WBR sites in the project area would definitely
require expansion of the treatment facility. The existing wastewater treatment plant
was designed so that it could be expanded Incrementally up to a final design capacity
of over 2.3 MGD, and this is more than enough to accommodate all of the wastewater
that would be generated by the proposed development. Waikoloa Resort Utilities
(September 28, 1984) has formally indicated its intention to provide service. The State
of Hawai'i, Department of Health, and the County of Hawai'i, Department of Public
Works regulate the construction and operation of wastewater treatment facilities, and
the needed facilities would conform to their standards. ;
9.1.4 Solid Waste Disposal
The proposed Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel would generate an estimated 7,500
pounds per day of solid waste, and the hotel and condominium development planned for
the other sites within the project area would add another 6,000 pounds per day to this.
This waste, which would total about 2,500 tons per year, would be collected by a
commercial refuse service paid for by the hotels and condominium association and
trucked either to the existing County landfill site near>KaiIua or to the planned new
landfill near Pu'uanahulu. The new landfill is expectedcto be operational within three
to four years and to have sufficient capacity to accommodate the solid waste genera-
ted by currently planned resort development in South Kohala (Su:;iyama, 20 September
1984).
9.1.5 Electrical Power and Telecommunications Facilities
(a) Based on a 2.5-KV peak demand per hotel room and an estimated 17,000
kilowatt hours (KWH) per year per hotel room, the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel
would increase peak demand by 3,150 KV and average annual usage by 21.4-million
KWH per year. An overall commitment to service the Waikoloa Beach Resort, was
made by HELCO in the mid-1970s when the master plan for the project was developed,
and the Hawaii Electric Light Company (HELCO) has confirmed that it will be able to
service the Hyatt project (Yamasaki, 20 September 1984). The exis ,ig electrical
substation adjacent to Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway will need to be upgraded to
accommodate the higher loads, and requirements established by the County of Hawai'i
may lead to the undergrounding of the power distribution lines between the substation
and the resort.
(b) The Hawaiian Telephone Company has stated that it foresees no difficulty
serving the proposed Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel (Hamlin, 1 October 1984).
-------
9.1.6 Public Services
. , -••,.'•«?*!.•'.*. > /.^v.^?^y?W^*#5>;£i«T'-'-'.i' ..*•••• .'•"t;:. .
In addition to the Improvements describedtabove^increased demands resulting
from population growth and the presence of a larger, number ofrvisitors would generate
a need for expanded public services such as police and fire protection, schools, and
health services. The specific nature of the required Improvements cannot be
determined until additional information is available regarding the location of the
secondary growth that would be supported by resort development within the project
area. : •.••;•.- - •{•
9.2 ALTERNATIVES ' f
. - " ' . . \'
If development alternatives I or 3 were pursued, they would have essentially the
same impacts as would the applicants' proposal because they involve essentially the
same number of units and the same land area. Because of the 39-acre preservation
area which it involves, Alternative 2 would result In substantially less development
than the other alternatives (except for permit denial). Hence, the demand on utilities
and public services would be correspondingly less. Denial of the permit would leave
the demand unchanged*
10. AIR QUALITY IMPACTS '
•' \
(a) Construction activity would lead to increased automotive pollutant emis-
sions on Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway, resort access roads, and the coastal sites of the
WBR.^ However, the effect would be minor compared with lithe level of automotive
emissions expected once the resort facilities are operational; and the increase would
not result in a violation of State or Federal air quality standards.
t4 :
(b) ^ Site preparation and earth moving would create particulate emissions, as
wjll brilding and on-site road construction. There is little o'r no soil on most of the
affected area, a factor that will help limit construction dust.; However, the soils most
likely to be used in the top layer of fill and for landscaping are likely to have
relatively low cohesion and to be susceptible to wind erosion^ Hence, proper vigilance
and proper erosion control techniques will need to be be used in the placement of
topsoil on the development sites.
(c) The most significant source of air pollutants is expected to be the vehicles
that would move to and from the project area once the proposed resort facilities are in
operation. The impact of the Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel on 1- and 8-hour carbon
monoxide concentrations were calculated. Air pollutant dispersion modeling indicated
that during "worst-case" atmospheric and traffic conditions 'which occur very infre-
quently), both State arid Federal 1-hour CO standards would be met, but that the level
might slightly exceed the State 8-hour standard immediately;adjacent to the intersec-
tion of Queen Ka'ahumanu Highway and the WBR entrance road. As noted elsewhere,
the^ additional traffic generated by development on the remaining sites within the
project area would result in total traffic volumes exceeding the capacity of the
intersection; the resulting congestion would lead to markedly higher pollutant levels in
the vicinity, and a deterioration in air quality is to be expected. This is of little
consequence at present because the land surrounding the intersection is now vacant,
and motorists in waiting vehicles would be subject to only short-term exposure.
i ^ Air Pollutant emissions from helicopter traffic into and out of the proposed
helipad would have no significant effect on air quality due to the low volume that is
expected. The propane-powered motors that would be used in the boat fleet at the
-------
•^P-^l"=~;r?1^.^'T?^'*~''TS-i:^'^^^;>v:i-*
Hyatt: projectfare Inherently
• '• i -;V- . ••*••«•?«§ .A '~ &l*$<^
-------
U.S? ARMY CORPS OF
. .
; John Emmersb^ • ProjecTmcnager.
In civil engineer-
Michael T. Lee
Provided environmental analysis one
•" •' -'••-.'•.• .."••;«;;*--...•:..
ments. Biologist specializing in environmental
sis; 13 years experience in this with
, biology. '
Ruby Mizue
— Provided environmental review. Biologist
analysis; 14 years experience in this
, biology.
U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE (Cooperating Agency)
defined EIS require-
Impact analy-
USACOE. B.A. in
specializing in EIS
with USACOE. B.A. in
John 1. Ford
Andy Yuen
Provided input and analysis for anchialine ponds section.
Biologist with M.S. in biology.
1
Provided input and analysis for anchialine ponds section.
Biologist with B.S. in biology.
BELT, COLLINS & ASSOCIATES
Perry J. White
— As EIS manager, contributed to organization and content of
all sections. Senior environmental planner with masters
degree in regional planning.
Ann K. Yoklavich -
- Contributed to writing and/or editing of all sections. Plinner
with Bachelor of Arts degree. !
Kenneth 0. Nagai ~ Contributed to water resources and public utilities sections.
- -••:• '''•••;. :'^f.vv .... - : Civil engineer with B.S. in civil engineering.
sifeyiEBSfeiyf*®^
-------
ig>£0<$-" v
®£r
llrxf:;. •'
and anchi aline ponds.
._.._._._._.,.___ .-.----„„ ..-- statement.
"• ;5iF'vT ':';??'.' '"• ' S^?!j?9|*T'P?^?!!^^ $;dernbgraphy, and'employment and
socialImpacts of^d(^!op^ent;|Ph'P» ^sociology.
; Phillip L. Bruner -- Provided Input for terrestrtai wildlife sections. Environmen-
tal consultant and ornithologist. Masters degree in zoology.
Ronald A. Darby
Karen Fassler
— Provided analyses of noise Impacts. Consulting acoustical
engineer. Masters degree in engineering acoustics.
!
— Prepared graphics for the statement. Graphic artist with
Bachelor of Fine Arts degree.
Erin M. Hall
John M. Knox
Robert L. Lucas
Provided input for terrestrial I flora sections. Environmental
consultant with an M.A. degree In biogeography.
Contributed to socio-economic sections of statement.
Consultant specializing in survey research and social impact
analyses. Ph.D. in psychology.
Contributed to sections on public services and utilities,
recreation, and energy. Planning and economics consultant
with M.A. in economics.
James W. Morrow —
Provided analyses of air quality impacts. Air quality
consultant with M.S. in environmental health.
Paul H. Rosendahl — Principal investigator for archaeological surveys. Consulting
archaeologist with Ph.D. in anthropology.
-------
/8!%&&2i>mf.'- ••-"•••••:
>rjs;f. Consulting orchaeol-
SStesS&fei- -;.. ..' •*
iTeeSIchter
g^i^vr"'
JQ ••"* ""LI '-'"'*&'f ~^-^S^c^^tff^^^fy^^vi^^iffysyfy!?Ks^--:'/^7!- "^v^su"'-:".-?", "••"
— Responsible;;jOT^cojTimymt^ data gathering
field work ^for"socjo|eco^^ Land use
:'...' planner ?pe<$aHzj^^
management.';Masteri^g'ree In urban planning.
David A. Zieman — Provided analyses of aqiiatte resources and anchlaline ponds.
Biological oceanographer with Ph.D. In oceanography.
m
1
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PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT
, •;-:--^i.^
•'••''•••I -. ' ;. ''.•' " •. '• • ••:.:-' •^t&$$j$
I.;,; PUBLIC NOTICES AND THE SCOPINGPROCESSI
Pf—-
'$••
Wi*-*?:.'.-' .-J:.&£• ''•" '
s?ri«^-,>'«• ••••
^p*?-e>:,
;*t£fr;- "•'
• - (a) The initial Notice of "intent/^00*.tf^prepiare^^n "Environmental Impact
Statement was published In the Federal Register" on September 20, 1984 (49 FR 184,
36901). A separate Public Notice and News Release Informing the public of the
proposed action and Intent to prepare on EIS was circulated on October 19, 1984. The
NOI, .the Public Notice, and the News Release were based on the applicants' original
proposal requesting permission to excavate or fill oil of the ponds on the Hyatt
Regency Waikoloa Hotel site. This application did not cover the onchiallne ponds on
the rest of the Waikoloa Beach Resort (WBR) or discuss the possible creation of a pond
preservation area.
(b) As a result of concerns expressed for the anchialine ponds, the applicants
revised their permit application to include all the anchiaiine ponds within the WBR,
except those within the existing preservation area adjacent to 'Anaeho'omalu Bay
(which contains Ki/uali'I and Kahapapa fishponds), and those within a proposed pond
preservation area. A revised Notice of Intent was published in the Federal Register on
January 31, 1985 (50 FR 21, 4569). A revised Public Notice (January 29, 1585) and
News Release (February 5, 1985) were reissued to the public, both to those who had
received the original notice and to those persons, organizations and agencies who had
commented on the original Notice of Intent and Public Notice. A list of those who
received the Public Notices, as well as copies of the Notices of Intent and Public
Notices, are contained in Appendix A.
(c) A total of three public interest groups, three individuals and five govern-
ment agencies responded to the Public Notices. A list of the correspondence relating
to the Public Notices and copies of these letters are contained in Appendix B;
Expressed concerns were used to scope the Draft Environmental Impact Statement and
to revise the applicants' initial permit application. A Corps representative also met
informally with representatives of the Hawai'i Island Chapter of the Sierra Club and
Na Ala Hele to discuss their concerns for anchialine ponds preservation, public access
and use of the coastal trail system, as well as their knowledge of the area's resources.
Separate scoping meetings were held with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National
Marine Fisheries Service and the State Department of Land and Natural Resources.
2. COORDINATION WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
2.1 ENDANGERED SPECIES !
Coordination with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,and the National Marine
Fisheries Service concerning the probable effects of the proposed action on endan-
gered or threatened species was completed in accordance with Section 7, Endangered
Species Act, as amended (see Appendix C). On December 18, 1984 the National
Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) indicated that neither the proposed action nor the
alternatives would affect the threatened green sea turtle or the endangered humpback
wtiale. The NMFS is devaluating this earlier determination;based on the possible use
of explosives in lagoon excavation. On February 22, 1985 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service indicated that the proposed action was not likely to; jeopardize the continued
existence of the endangered Hawaiian stilt or the Hawaiian Hoary bat.
-------
•£££;-*&.
wA
2.2 HISTORIC PRESERVAT ON
...;- V- Initial coordination with'the Stafe^jstorlCP/eseryation Officer concerning the
Hyatt Regency, Waikoloa Hotel led to;thex6hclusion,tha^, none of the remains present
on that site are eligible forjnclusiohron^te Natipnal Regtster;pf Historic Places (see
, Appendix D).^ Subsequently^theiproject?:wea ;wa^exRanded l,to Include all of the
,'•'• undeveloped properties withinitHeiV^Bpontainlhganchlallne ponds, and the applicants
„•» commissioned a re-survey of; the;newly: Included|oreaQ|aI'comprehensive survey had
been completed Jn 1970 by;archaeol6glstslwbrklng^for:|the BJ3. Bishop Museum --
Barrera, 1971). The report .(Rosendahl/January!ll985),^was forwarded to the State
Historic Preservation' Officer^ f or 'review end opinJo0fconcerning the area's eligibility
for the National Register of Historic Places.*Advlce'concerning management of other
aspects of the permit area's cultural resources was .also solicited.
3. DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT RECIPIENTS
.. • .:• , t
A list of persons, organizations, and agencies receiving a copy of the Draft
Environmental Impact Statement is provided in Appendix E of this document.
-------
-..
ilKiSfc'V • '•
&!#»"'
&«K^V ..
»-:;•'• .•
i^"'-^"^ • •
:-'- Acoustical Society of America (igSO^A^rsiaW^fio^^Level Descriptors for
•:•:•;•••*"•?:' Determination of Compatible Land Uses. .American National Standard. Author;
• .-.H'"- Washington, D.C., 5 pp. • •• *.-•: ' '^Jlprl """" "
•._•'• . " ' „ J,;-i£U&£ '^-r
" • . " ' •'.-'•" ',"».'V ;••; -"t;^.?*-'^!^^'.?^^^^^-^1"..'-'. • •
Alan M. Voorhees & Associates (1979). A Traffic Impact Study for the Olohana/Mauna
j-oa Lands Development. Prepared for Belt, Collins & Associates. Author:
Honolulu. .; ' ; ;; . ^i--^-
A,llen, G.R. (1972). "Ethology of the Hawaiian Stilt (Himantopus himantopus
;: knudseni)". Unpublished manuscript. . —
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>Elepaio41(9);86;
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222 pp. :
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cal Records No. 15. Dept. of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum: Honolulu,
Belt, Collins & Associates (1979). Traffic Counts Collected for the period from
12:01 a.m., January 4, 1979 through 12:01 a.m., January 5, 1979, on the Mauna
Kea Beach Hotel Entrance Road.
• (June 1979). Proposed Expansion of the Kuilima Resort Community
Environmental Impact Statement. Prepared for Prudential Insurance rnmpnny
for submission to the City and County of Honolulu, Department of Land
Utilization. Author: Honolulu, var. pag.
. (1980). Mauno Loni Resort Employee Housing Study. Prepared for Mauna
~~ '
, .
Lam Resort, Inc. Author: Honolulu.
-------
_ (September 1981)«JJPRevised'Environmenta!"Impact Statement for the
Proposed Mohukono Resort^ Author; ^Honolulu, vor« pog. .
••••M^MMWHB^^^^^B^H^^^BVWMNMHMMMM*. 'ft"-:-'!*&.#fii^^ jidK363&*»«t&?irtat£^'^1£^«Si^*^:,£.; . .. _"'V"
'—' '(May 1983). _Re'v!sea<^^"E^Tf^fnentanm^acrStaternent for the Proposed
. ^bj...; Princeville Phase Two pevelopment.^Prepored * tor Princeville Development
': -?Xc Corporation, for submission to the Kaua'I County Planning Department. Author:
"• v HonoIuIui'vaV. pag^^i^^^ '
(\ 984). Environmental ^ssesslmffi Hapuna Beach Resort
-- South Kohala. Hawaii, •* Prepared for^MounoJ
-------
(12 Morcii
.FerallMammal Survey of Waikoloa
'*- »*': -^-v, ^"^~i • .. "Sv^fc ' "• ' . - - • .
Beach Resort Property,^Coastql^AreaiBet^e^South^roperty Boundary and
Proposed Hyatt Site,'Ho^aIiwi|ifMqnuscr!pt^e'^3^riepved for Belt| Collins &
Associates. Author: Ltfie, Hawai'i, 13
(12 March I985b). ^rief\Repbrt^f'Av1fa1jnardhd.^eral.Marnrnal Survey of
Property Located Between Portions of Existing GplflCpurse at Waikoloa Beach
Resort, Hawaii". Manuscript; report prepared ffor^Beli.r.Collins & Associates.
Author: Ltfie,Hawai'i, 1 p. ••^•"^.^^'^g&^^aaaa^iie&S^^
Chace, Fenner A., Jr. and Raymond B.' Manning (1972)^"f wo New Caridean Shrimps,
One Representing a New Family, from TMarine^pqls; on Ascension Island
(Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia)", Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology,
NO. 13. ; . • •; , .. ,, ..,,,,,:,, ¥;^; . . . *
Chang, D. (1977). Some Variables Affecting Leadership'and Community Involvement
Among Kohala Residents. Unpublished Master's Thesis, available at University
of Hawai'i, Hamilton Library, Hawaiian Collection. ;:-
1 ' \ i.
(1979). "Power, Politics, and Powerlessness: Kohala People and Their
Future." Social Process in Hawaii (a journal published by the University of
Hawai'i Sociology Department), Vol. 27, pp. 116-128. i
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in Two Hawaii Counties. University of Hawai'i, School of Social Work, Youth
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ii
Ching, Francis K.W. (1971). "The Archaeology of South Kohala and North Kona, From
the Ahupua'a of Lalamilc to the Ahupua'a of Hamanamana: Surface Survey
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Journal 71-1. Dept. of Land and Natural Resources, Div. of State Parks, State
of Hawai'i: Honolulu. I
, ;;
Community Resources (1980). Potential Social Impacts and Social Management Issues
i Arising from Development of a Proposed Resort Complex at Mahukona, North
Kohala, Island of Hawaii. Author; Waimanalo. Hawai'i. 235 pp.
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ment on a Rural Population! Unpublished photocopied manuscript available at
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Couret, Carl L., Jr. and Diana C.L. Wona (1978). "Larval Development of Halocaridina
rubra Hoi thuis (Decapoda, Atyidae)". Crustaceang 34(3).
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Islands". Bulletin of the Seismoloqical Society of America. Vol. 53. No. 6: 1191-
1209. 1 —* —
Cummings, William C. (Fall 1981). "Measurements of Man-Made Underwater Noise
Off North Slope, Alaska". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,
Supplement I, V0I. 7, p. 582. :
Dames and Moore (December 1969). Geological Site Studies; Resort Recreation Area,
; South Kohala District, Kohalo, Hawai'i, Manuscript report prepared for Boise
Cascade Properties, Inc. !.. ... - , ! ,
-------
.-..•_.. . . • v-";~--:^-.-:¥^>"i-r!^"™^^^^
Dorby-Ebisu & Associates, Inc. (October3Cif 1984).^jAssessment of Acoustic Impacts -
Proposed Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel Project EJSV Prepared for Belt, Collins
• & Associates.; AyttorrJKqilya^H^ and figures.
(December 6,M984)wfPersmai'.cbnirnuhIcqtiion from Ronald Darby to Anne
; Mopes of Belt, Collins & Associai^s.sif^^^^^|l\,
Duncan, Marc (September 26,\19&S* Lefferlrepoft!fojerry White of Belt, Collins &
Associates regarding recreational use^ oOhe HyattjlRegency Waikoloa Hotel site,
Earthwatch (September 1984). "Vegetation Survey' forj[the Proposed Waikoloa Hyatt
Project, Island of Hawaii". Manuscript report submitted to Belt, Collins &
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Eaton, J.P., D.H. Richter, and W.U. Auit (1961). "The Tsunami of 23 May I960 on the
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Edmondson, C.H. (1929). "Hawaiian Atyidae". Bulletin !bf the Bishop Museum. Vol. 66:
i-36, text figs. 1-4, pi. I. ;]
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i-
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^•'"•cE'wBSSs-''11\^;-' !K':"'-"^^''' '""'•>•'•" •-• "^'i.' -i'-'s'."-
-------
Gaymon, W. and Greenbaurn
graphic Characteristics of the Kohola Coast»M-Ai&pli6d^Qceonogrophy Popart
. .., ment, Dillingham Corp.: La '
Hanlin, Bob. (October? !,M984).-^ Persond|.;commuhicatii
. _ rfHdworian Telephone
• • |X ••' \ 4 ff* - ^"> • "•'"-*''• '' '' ' .'WtWi' r*f -lit**,., V~03ftwfcHl.il' ..«.»i '--I*' >•-;«• . • *
personnel in Kauya-Kona office
'^^•^•••.-^f^it-^: •.-=.-/• ^v:;-f%||t
Hording Ldwson lAssociates (Novemberl?20i1Q984)^F6ulnddf(onV|nvestiq^ Hyatt
"••'..•' Regency Wgikoloa, South Kohaia,'HowaH^Draft preliminary report prepared for
Hemmeter Development Compc^yj^AuthorilHonolvi^'P• PP»"P!U* figures.
(December !0« 1984). Foundation'Investiaotion^nvatt Regency Woikoloo,
Waipoloo. Hawaii. Report prepared for Hemmeter/ Development Company.
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(1982). Kona Regional Plon (Draft). Author: Hilo,1193 pp.
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38 pp. :
"Chapter;59 — Ambient Air Quality StandardyVTitlG II, Administrative
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• "Chapter 60 — Air Pollution Control", Title H, Administrative Rules.
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(1982). 1981 Employment and Payrolls in Hawaii.' Author; Honolulu.
-------
(1983). 1982 Employment and Poiyirolis lifHawaitff Author:. .Honolulu.
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.--.:. '••' -y'''*^^^^-^-^Sff^^^S?^^^^Kf^?^SS!^^^^- -- ... • . ,__-. _
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'
. . .
(1 982b). State Historic Preservation Plan. AOthor: Honolulu, 28 pp.
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(1982c). State Recreation Plan. Author: Honolulu, 19pp.
~^"~^~~"~.., • .' .; ". ' «f-j.V^p.i-s-':.
• • '• . •'" • .. .'..... '''T .
(1982d). State Woter Resources Development Plan. Author: Honolulu,
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-------
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•-,.
i™ I983>- Age Distri-
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• ' "' •
Tflt* v
Transportation to Ann Yoklaylch of Belt, Collins & Associates.
• ' •• ' .•":'--5^r'O.J:':-.".-'.-.: •-V^-;?-:r.5^^^:?>TJV ': . • '.
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> BeJShe (I97!)- Exomlnatlori ond Evaluation of Fish-
i i Leeward ^"'^ ?! the lslond of hnwniL '
County Planning .Commission, Hila - ~
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lc>at'ons ot ^laT^iua'g. Hawoi'i Island. Pacific
. . c nr»
. .Uept. of Anthropology, B.P. B.shop Museum: Honolulu.
n T'ur*E
-------
V'-«!
1Krv"^s£y.-Asaifi
^i^W^^^f«
• VP • -••''fiKf— -?rip.~-sf^^^^^sy^^;^s^^^:^^^m"pn^-^2-'-":^s''^'f^" ,„»,% » • . • A.
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Location, "~ * "~ "~ " ««--*
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-------
m
_^
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-------
-.A '- •^-•.;." • uS^^^^g^^^^Sg^^^^^^gHs^^*--;.;...
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-------
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-------
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•r
-------
W.^Pet:«ona1^commonicatI6n. from HawaiM County
* T *-- -^gojijnj& Associates.
-,,., ,-.-„- . . .. . ....
'f ' ^>-ikFirepepgrtrnent captaintqAnn
"'••'" '. '• H?***' *r & '&%%''• ''?: ,ffi y." J-^^rv^sSag^^^^.^'— * •'^s^^'f^^'-^^^^^^K^'^'^F^i'^i' "'•'•' • " -".'••""• . i »• • .1
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* 'tit^^ji*^'^If'Sfe. *'iF^"". *^fe^>»"^?1*?!i?5^J'1J£&S£S?SSCl^'"I';e'^8irr'i:1;-1^if-C.":^:'3tS
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• •*", •• „".• ' '•]
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.'.' :':, '.-''."',' v't'/rv't1:; £i '*•'. ••"'- ' • • .,;
Ss^^»i5iJ^5Jif.5-/
-------
•^^^^^^-^^^sS^^t^CHAFIEayill,
'•i-'-Uv/''" ('-.•"'' " ' -.-. .-
Alternative,
Alternative,
Alternatives
Alternative,
Alternatives
Alternatives
Air Quality, Existing
Air Quality, Impacts on
Alternative-1, -Description
Alternative 2, Description
Alternative 3, Description
Alternative, Applicants' Proposal
Deny Permit
Environmentally Prefered
Issue DA Permit for Modified Action
Issue DA Permit for Proposed Action
Within the Jurisdiction of the DA
to be Considered •
Alternatives w/in Capability of Applicants But
Outside the Jurisdiction of the Corps of Engineers
Alternatives, Beyond Capability of the Applicants
But Within the Jurisdiction of the COE
Alternat- res, Development Sites Outside WBR
Alternatives, Other Coastal Sites at WBR
'Anaeho'omalu Bay
Anchialine Pond Preserve, Management of
Ponds, Description of
Effect of Alternatives on
Hydrology
Organisms
Waikoloa Beach Resort
General
Waiulua Bay, Description of
Anchialine
Anchialine
Anchialine
Anchialine
Anchialine
Aquatic
Aqua.tic
Ponds,
Ponds,
Ponds,
Ponds,
Resources,
Resources,
Birds
Birds
and Wildlife, Effects on
Climate
Coastal Features
Communities, Profile of Existing
Coordination with Government Agencies
Coordination, Endangered Species
Coordination, Historic Preservation
Currents
Drainage, Existing
Earthquakes
Economic Activity, Existing
Economic Viability of Alternatives
Electrical Power System, Effect on
Power, Existing
and;Labor Force, Existing
and Labor Force, Projected
Benefits for longtime Residents
Percent Unemployed
Consequences
Setting
Electrical
Employment
Employment
Employment L
Employment,
Environmental
Environmental
Fill, Anchialine Ponds
Fill, Discharge of
III-9
IV-21
11-13
11-15
11-15
II-5
11-20
11-22
11-13
II-5
II-5
II-l
11-22
11-22
11-2!
11-20
111-17, 111-22
II-7
111-17
IV-2
III-17
111-19
111-22
111-15
111-15 .
III-ll
IV-8 '
III-5
III-3
111-31
VI-1
VI-2, III-l, IV-9
VI-2, Appendix D
III-4
III-3
III-3
111-28
11-15
IV-20
111-47
111-37
IV-10
IV-16
111-37
IV-1
II-l
11-12
IV-2
XI1J-I
-------
ggg,.."-.,::-"
Fill JgReduction;,
Flobdin^^Coaatal-.BitfbtJBazfl^pLrie^
_. _ > _ _ ~,«3- "••*.*. •. —. » •*'«: 9+^ s ^ _ _
Health Care Facilities, Existing
- Historic. Sites, Coordination;^, •.•y-',--^f^fr3se^r^~
Historic Sites, Description of PreservationiPlan
' Historic and Archaeological; Sites,; Effects'on
. Historic and Archaeological Sites, Existing'^
t History of DA Permit Application^ ^S^^r^r
Housing Impacts, Construction Period . rv:
Housing Impacts, Mitigation of
Housing Impacts, Operational Period
Housing, Existing Stock of
Kaniku Lava Flow
Keauhou Resort
Lagoon Water' Circulation
Lagoon, Hyatt Regency Waikoloa Hotel
L;and Use, Existing
Land Use, Hawai'i County Zoning
Land Use, Hawai'i County General Plan
Letters Received
Mammals
Marine Biota, Effects of Noise on
N'auna Kea Resort
Mauna Lani Resort
Noise, Effects on
Oceanographic Characteristics
Permit Denial
Permit Requirements, County
Permit Requirements, State
Personal Income, Project Related
Pond Preservation Area, Alternative 1
Pond Preservation Area, Alternative 2
Pond Preservati-on Area, Alternative 3
Pond Preservation Area, Applicants* Proposal
- Population, Effect on
Population, Existing and Trends
P.reparers, List of
Project Location
Property Tax Revenues, Project-Related
Proposed Action
Protective Services }/Y>^
Public Access /X; oi-^-^X- .'
I
IW- '^ ''';^%^^^^;^:^-1^^^^^^^^3
III-l
111-42
11-13, Appendix D
11-13
IV-8
111-27
II-5
IV-11
IV-15
IV-12
111-39
III-l
11-21
11-7
II-7, IV-1
II-l
111-30
111-30
Appendix B
111-15
IV-7
11-22
11-22
IV-21
III-4
11-20
11-13
11-13
IV-12
11-13
11-15
11-15
II-7
IV-10
111-31
V-l
III-l
IV-13
II-5
111-45
11-13
-------
Pub I i cL Invo 1 vement
I'Public^Services'^Effect on
Purpose,; and Need
Rainfall V'\ V-V?1§?V: :P;: - ' ''? ^1?
|Recipients of DEIS, List of^^fe^lP
j. Recipients of Public--Notices3^$^p'V:
jRecreaiional Facilities, Existing^lp
!Recreational Resources, Impacts On"':;:-K.
tReferences •' :-.-? ••-^'•••;-; •- ••• '• . ," ' ;"-
pRegional Background',
fSaiid B'each, Proposed
I Schools and Libraries, Existing
I Scoping !
^Siting Inland
I Social Effects, Crime
^Social Effects, Family Structure
I Social Effects, Social Structure
I Socio-Economic Characteristics
I Socio-Economic Inpacts
|Soils ±
iSolid Waste, Generation and disposal
-42, IV-21
'i TTT-.Q
;; 1 1 1-3
2, Appendix E
Appendix A
Telecommunications Facilities, Existing
Temperature ;
Threatened and Endangered
- Tides ] - • ;
,Topogr|aphic Alterations
Topogrjaphic Features
.Transportation Facilities,
Transportation Facilities,
•Transortation Facilities,
Species
Effects on
Existing Airports
Existing Harbors
^Transportation Facilities, Existing Highways
^Vegetation, "Barren Lava" Cover Type
HVegetation, Coastal Strand
§":Vegetation, Effects on
^Vegetation, Existing
ft Vegetation, Kiawe Woodland
^.Vegetation, Marsh
jpVegetation, Pond :
g;" Visual Elements <
^Volcanic Hazards
| Waikoloa Project, Scope and History
fiWaiulua Bay, Description
^ Waiulua Bay, Zones in
4 Wastewater Treatment & Disposal, Effect on
f Wastewater Treatment and Disposal, Existing
| Water, Quality, Anchialine Ponds . ..:,..
fe.Water 'Quality, Coastal • . ;.->,.- ^;" -v^^-vi;;.:,, .
I^Water Quality, Effect of Lagoon^Construction on^
g;Water iQuality, Within Proposed Lagoon
"' sWater ;:Supply, Effects on
iilV-17
vn-i
n-i
II-7
111-42
VI-1
11-20
IV-13
IV-13
IV-14
111-28
IV-9; IV-13
III-3
IV-20
111-48
I II— 9
III-ll, 111-15
III-4
IV-1
III-l
IV-18
111-45
111-45
111-45
III-ll
III-ll
IV-8
111-10
III-2
III-ll
III-ll
III-l
III-3
II-l, 111-31
111-15
111-15
IV-20
111-47
111-18
111-15, IV-5
IV-5
iv-i
-------
~;VO5S«iS
wSvM^sSisJiMea|<^u^^
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tf.
"~. 111-46
Sfct. .IU-5
^ 1114
^ III-2, IV-9
III-5
i
i
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S3»V-i«...'v:"-:~ ••"..'• "vv- '.;-7C-s--'---v- .-,•,-•-•'" :,••>•"'.••-.<.'iy-•;-•;• '• / •
KIT" "••'^"^JT '-1:1|^." ^":"
Appendix A
List of Pgblic Nof'ce Recipients and
Copies of Notices of Intent and Public Notices
f
-------
-------
C NOTICES
UST OF PUBLIC NOTICE REOPIENTS
MEMBERS
Pf? |fif^^«§f^i«|S|.- •^.•^~™h.-~«WS^
Kl Representative Dqnle* KfAkoka"
Hf Representative Cecimeflej. •"*""
*§ Senator Daniel K. Inouye^^
Bs^Jl-Senator Spark M.'Matsurwgd^E^-sv^^v^i^^s
P?^^a^s^%§|^^teu -5- - •• - *:.;.s &3^%$tfgm®8t§$
FEDERAL AGENCJESrl:>' ''''^!^^Xl^&^
• - :r: Defense Mapping Agency, Hydrographic/Topograpny Center
: - :-; Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service -^
„••• -";• Department of Commerce, National Ocean Survey "^''}^\
:; ;v Department of Housing and Urban Development, Hawai'I X
^ / - Department of the Interior '•'•&:*-;.* .••-*-•, :• '••-• -;--r -:^...,::- ••.::•-...'-
--•-•• '•: :;y:•••••'-- Denver Service Center".-"--':''"' • '?'-'-^-:-:- •' :'-.-?-v' •: ,"^^
.j^|'; — Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu ; ; c>
<"•:;•• .vl^-'vi^ — National Park Service - , -.- • ^ •:• •'••'•.•-..^-' i:-'-?>vv
'':.:.. ^:jt :H v>^:^ri Interagency Archaeological Services Division
:/,:\,.r!V;t;;~ >*;'.. Pacific Area Off ice ,'.,:. •', A^^i^jf? •?•;:. •-. .
• v r- Weslern Regional Office, Division of Environmental Quality
?£r•'.;.':£$&•&• — U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division
£5 .f 5 Department of Transportation, U.S. Coast Guard, Hawaii, Marine Safety Office
:«:>:'$? Environmental Protection Agency, Region IX
/ 'r- Federal Aviation Administration, Hawai'I
-';" Federal Emergency Management Agency :
'••• -•. National Marine Fisheries Service
— Southwest Region
— Western Pacific Program Office
U.S. Air Force, Hickam Air Force Base
;-.- '.U.S. Navy-Xi- i .
"::. .;..; — Commander, Naval Base, Pearl Harbor
. ;>h — Commander, U.S. Naval Forces, Marianas
^ ;! i 4 — Commander, Pacific Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command
"• 7',^ "" Pacific Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Water Quality Lab
; .: U.S. Postal Service .-.:-:..,-
• .:-,v:---:- — Ewa Beach Post Off ice .v":'^:'T"':
V .; ;,=;•• '••'.— Hilo Main Post Office •..••• -..--••''-•:;•'..
- sS^v"; *• Postmaster, Kahului •'•' ' :-/r y&'g;;/: ;:*--.\
iS'f^!'?^/ '—..Hdilua-Koha Post Office v;:'1-".'. '•"^^-Cr:--"-. •
' STATE AGENCIES^B I
. .;,;: Department of Health, Environmental Health Division
..-'' Department of Land and Natural Resources 5 v jcv-'f•••'•-• ,';
• — Land Management Division •-•-.v-.•'&•':'• •• '"ii--^ .
! — Parks Division > ." *.-•'' ''."•• : r "
, .:. . — State Historic Preservation Officer ••-•• r:.-
-------
Office
-^^^i^^^^' • -
&ftcm^Irciu«er^^
•.#>?.
bXWfc'W* ••••*»••• ^*» - -^ •»•»•—-,-— ^ _ ...— ,^-j^p,. .,-.- ,-_. , ,-. gM^.y. ,-p,,, , _ _
Deportment of Oceanography -?^fpe;^;u.. ;^y?iSr ••' :•
Environmental Center.*&?£'. ^- - - •• •- * r >
Hawai'i Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit
Sea Grant, Advisory Service
HAWAI'I COUNTY AGENCIES
Department of Public Works
Mayor, County of Hawai'i
Planning Department
: OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
Government of American Samoa
— Department of Marine Resources
— Department of Parks and Recreation
— Director of Port Administration
Government of Guam
— Bureau of Planning
— Territorial Planning Commission
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Office of Planning and Statistics
OTHER LEGISLATORS
Senator Alberto J.C. Lamorena 111, 17th Guam Legislature
Senator Thomas V.C. Tanaka, 17th Guam Legislature
Representative Charles Toguchi, Hawai'i Legislature
PUBLIC INTEREST GROUPS
Bishop Museum
Conservation Council for Hawai'i
Environmental Defense Fund
Greenpeace Hawai'i
Hawai'i Audubon Society
Hawai'i Public Health Association
Hawai'i's Thousand Friends
Historic Hawai'i Foundation • r .
Kona Conservation Group. . • ,
Legal Aid Society of Hawai'i i C;
Life of the Land :
One-Thousand Friends of Kauai
Outdoor Circle
Sierra Club _.:. • vt"/••" ^-i-* '-^M
' - •***- '.v"^"*'rv*i*»^-* **'-*' ' " ' "•" : "' •'V''£*'i1™;"*yvw£ V '••-ia-.'i?'-^."
-.•>.. :.. v-V ' •• , * --...•--. . --•'.':.-< ^ •>^,<^-^^^.^vXi&-Vr:«-'-T
. ---t
••:- ' .•-
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BUSINESSES
A.C. Hoyle Company
American Divers,:
American Marine & Machinery Company^
Amfrc ^ype^^f^^m^m^m
Amortec, IrxSf
Belt, Collins ~
Builders Concrete,
Chevron Shipping Cc^npahyJ
Coast Marine
Coastal Marine,
Davies Hamakua Sugar'
Dilllngham Tug & Barge Corporation':
Fred L. Waldron, Ltd.. ;t;"»
Golden Gate Dock Company >^;r::;:«
Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Company
Great Lakes Environmental Marine, Ltd.
Hawaiian Cruises, Ltd. %:; % ;o : -^i
Hawaiian Dredging; & Construction Company, Ltd.
.'. Hawaiian Independent Refinery, Inc.
1 Hawaiian Trust Company^
Hawaiian Tuna Packers --v
Hawaiiana Investment Company, Inc.
;• Healy Tibbitts Construction Company
Lee Cook-Associates ;
Leigh Flexible Structure, Inc.
Marinas International
Marine Design International, Inc.
Matson Navigation Company
Morrison-Knudsen Company
Pacific Basin Environmental Consultants
Pacific Diving Industries
R.M. Towill Corporation
Rotocast, Plastic Products of Texas, Inc.
SETS, Inc.
Shell Oil Co. '•
Star-Kist Samoa, Inc.
Techstaff, Inc.
Texota,Inc. ;
Tideland Signal Corporation
Transcontinental Development Co.
Tuna Boat Owners; Co-op, Inc.
Union Oil Company of California
UOP, Johnson Division, Surface Water Department
Walter Lum Associates
Waterfront Marinas, Ltd.
Western Pacific Dredging Company
Woodward-Envicon, Inc.
.;.'.-• ;'•;•;-.; i/'^sftii^'^-'-; .....
^•S^gSlg^tt ''jljgii£%£i&s£
-------
OHEROF^GANIZATIONS
Bernlce^BIshop Estate
lil
Engineering News Recbr.
jHawaiian Sugar.Planters^AJKocIationl
j National. Association of ^ Dredging Contractors;
Ms. Debbie Abreu
Mr. Arthur Aklnaka
Mr. Donald S. Bowman 111
Mr. Ed Crook
Mr. Rick Gaffney
Ms. Dorothy Hirowatarl
Mr. Walter Kahiwa
Mr. Pete L'Orange
. Mrs. Donna Man
Mr. Mike Miura
Mr. R.D. Plunkett
Mr. Edward PskowskI
Mr. Bill Reich
Mr. Jerry Rothstein
Mr. James Schlais
' Mr. Yukio Shiigl
Mr. Conrad T. Shiroma
ADDED AFTER 19 OCTOBER 1984
Mr. Ron Bachmar
Mr. J. Sanchez
Sierra Club, Hawai'i Island
Dr. Richard Titgen
Mr. John Michael White
Mr. Richard Worshauer
""•^v
.'?.';.
' '„ '.<,'-.••%• •'*?'• •'•-'»• •:'.!.fT ?iiA--.'K
•J<
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&'
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igl
118.
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5.3*2 S *• * w 5-^^:«5 *
2iiC££^,IUK<-^
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IIVHVH '3iis '*
IV SQNOd TVOIi JO SMmid OHV
H003V1 SHIHKinS JO NOI1VAV3X3
1IWVH '31IS liYAH YOTOX1W
IV SONOd 1VQ11 30:BNmiJ CUV
N009V1 SHIMHinS JO NOUVAV3X3
VCnOXIVM ADN3D3a liVAH
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if Izj I* i *;*!?; sJifl Mil
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— « ^Tf T&O •***-!» tf-^ K«5 JK '" U wi «*^
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KUt C«wHt< fra. M,I 1. Mewt, ,f
MfMI (t>77) ;tM CMqutlt (1M4 Ilk)
w wK<»itr*llt4
TIDAL PONDS LOCATION MAP
i
^ AaafcUlU* (Tltfil) ?•*<«
Apprixlmttc Le««ll»*
•I Propo»««
Pr**«r«ttl*a Art*
EXCAVATION OF SWIMMING LAGOON "
AND FILLING OF TIDAL PONDS AT
VAIKOLOA BEACH RESORT, HAWAII
JAN 1985
Sheet 4 of
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-------
Appendix B
Correspondence Related to Public Notices
-------
-------
i'-^isrr^r •1^v*r- •-"'• ••'*«^'**S«?--..i.v^5l*??iir2;«ifc-rii>^.:;-'lAt?i£:.-s.^3'i.'j^vT*
PATE OF LETTER
~ • • '..«;i s. -i . —••
^n^nntentalPro*ec*lon Agency £ ;./g^^ i .
ional Pw;''^- -^". •;:--v.;^:;iii.;
rsSf- .'••.••»»...•>•:•';.•..
fcv ••."£& *?••:-
«;. .:—.MVI.~- ;
I .•'"'. National
6 November 1 984
1984
'- -. •--v.;..
^ 15 November 1 984
State of Hawaii, Department of Health
University of Hawaii, Environmental Center
Public Interest Groups
NaAIaHele \
Response from Corps to Na Ala Hele
Sierra Club, Hpwaii Chapter
Hawaii's Thousand Friends
Individuals
Donna Mah to Mr. Flanders, COE
Donna Mah to COE re. pond surveys
Stanley Arakaki, COE to Donna Mah
Donna Mah to COE re. Public Notice
COE request that BCA answer Donna Mah
BCA to Donna Mah
Donna Mah to BCA
BCA to Donna Mah
Wade Shaffer ! :
John Michael White ;. '
5 December 1984
'. 8 November 1984
and 18 December 1984
4 January 1985
15 November 1984
25 February 1984
25 September 1984
8 November 1984
26 November 1984
3 November 1984
8 November 1984
30 November 1984
21 January 1985
20 March 1985-
21 February 1985
13 November 1984
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I'SenqtorlSpdrk^MVMo^SS
f Representative Cec Heftel """
• v*«-Mf « ««»*-*<,» W^f Vi%
SHawai'l Office''v,j;.r:^s^..,-:;,,.^.^r^^^pv.^,
I fev; : .:A ,, c _ ^tflnteragency Archaeological Services, San Francisco, CA
^^ H*i' S^rtment of Health, Education and Welfare - ^
HH" "'•' U-s- Department of Housing and Urban Development^".
•^$l^'^"''''r:'"HonoluluOffice''^::-::- .'. • :''K^:':*f'^^f, •
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Michael White
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