BROCHURE
'ENVIRONMENTAL
AND
FORCEMENT
November 16-20, 1998
Monterey, California, USA
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT
BROCHURE
November 16-20,1998
Monterey, California, United States
Executive Planning Committee:
Dr. Adegoke Adegoroye, Nigeria
Mrs. Costanza Adinolfi, European Commission
Mrs. Jacqueline Alois! de Larderel, UNEP, IE
Dr. Michael Axline, Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide
Mtro. Antonio Azuela, Mexico i
Mr. Sirithan Pairoj Boriboon, Thailand
Mr. Marlito Cardenas, Philippines
Ms. Helena Cizkova, Czech Republic
Mr. Christopher Currie, Canada i
Mr. Rodrigo Egana Baraona, Chile
Dr. Ossama EI-Kholy, Egypt
Mr. J. William Futrell, Environmental Law Institute
Mr. Marco Antonio Gonzalez Salazar, Costa Rica
Dr. Francois Hanekom, South Africa
Mr. Steven A. Herman, (Co-Chair), USEPA, USA
Mr. Zbigniew Kamieriski, Poland
Ms. Svitlana Kravchenko, Ukraine
Mr. Nabiel Makarim, Indonesia
Ms. Michele de Nevers, The World Bank
Dr. Aziz Abdul Rasol, Malaysia
Dr. Babu Sengupta, India
Mr. Armando Shalders Neto, Brazil
Dr. David Slater, United Kingdom
Dr. Pal Varga, Hungary
Mr. Pieter J. Verkerk, (Co-Chair), VROM, The Netherlands
Mr. Hongjun Zhang, People's Republic of China
Sponsors:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, United States
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands
United Nations Environment Programme, IE
European Commission
Environmental Law Institute, United States
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FIFTH (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEI>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION AND WELCOME
CONFERENCE PURPOSE AND GOALS
CONFERENCE PROGRAM
CONFERENCE PLENARY THEMES AND
WORKSHOPS-TOPICAL OUTLINES
MEMBERS OF THE INECE EXECUTIVE PLANNING COMMITTEE
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FIFTH (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEI\
INTRODUCTION AND WELCOME
A warm welcome to participants invited to the Fifth International Conference on Enviroi
Compliance and Enforcement and to others who can contribute to or potentially bent
these exchanges. This Fifth Conference in the series of biennial international confi
organized by the Executive Planning Committee is the first to be carried out under the
of the International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement (INECE).
is the name adopted by the Executive Planning Committee to convey the ongoing n
our common mission and expanded range of collaborative activities in networking, c
building and enforcement cooperation beyond conference related activities.
This Brochure provides information on the goals and the program of the Fifth Interi
Conference on Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in order to focus pap
presentations on relevant topics and to enable participants to select workshops of <
value to them. As with past conferences, participation at the conference is limited by
invitation. Attendance has been expanded to approximately250 personsfrom over one I
twenty countries and international organizations. Every effort will be made to ensure
benefits of the materials generated and exchanges at the Conference continue and b
Conference papers will be printed in bound Conference proceedings and will be ava
the Conference. Thereafter they will be distributed to officials and NGOs worldwide
with other documents and materials commissioned by the Executive Planning Comrr
The Fifth Conference has strong foundations upon which it will build. It benefits from disc
at the First International Enforcement Workshop held in Utrecht, The Netherlands,
1990; the Second International Conference on Environmental Enforcement held in Bu
Hungary, in September, 1992; the Third International Conference held in Oaxaca, M
April, 1994 and the Fourth International Conference held in Chiang Mai, Thailand
1996. The Proceedingsof these Conferencesalready contain paperson over sixty-five o
and international organizations and the databanks and networks enable the Executive F
Committee to keep up-to-date on new developments. The program will highlight som
most exciting developments from around the world in six plenary theme-oriented ses
The Fifth Conference also builds on the advances; made through associated ai
undertaken by regional networks and international organizations. For example, the
network for environmental law implementation and enforcement within the European
North America's Commission for Environmental Cooperation, the Commission of
America on Sustainable Development, the G-8 environment leaders, the United
Environment Program. The Fifth Conference again offers an opportunity for regional m
to make further advances. Finally, the Conference will use the frameworks and rซ
materials developed at previous conferences and continue to introduce new material
offer more practical information comparing and contrasting different approaches to in-
compliance program elements.
The Conference program also continues and broadens the successful format
conferences, with many opportunities to attend hands-on workshops offering p
applications of fundamental principles and alternative approaches to enforceme
compliance programs. The Fifth Conference offers participants thirty-five workshc
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ties. Ine worKsnop opportunities atesuuomieu iu iunuw a(JH"-(HllcIlCi t"ฐ'ซ*>y uiv,nซ-ซ.
of the workshop discussions will be summarized to capture current thinking and
ice on the subject. Special exhibits will further the exchange on these topics, on country
perative international programs, and on NGO activities.
:CE Partnership plans to highlight and offer stepped tip support for capacity building.
tessment formats are being designedfor submission by participantson country progress
serve as one basis for setting agendas to make progress at the national, regional and
jvels.
5cutive Planning Committee for the Conference is devoted to design a Conference
fejs the greatest opportunity for useful exchange and practical information and potential
ting a new stepping stone for progress in this field. We look forward to a successful
nee Additional information about the Conference, resource materials and about
ng INECE may be obtained by contactingthe staffer members of the Executive Planning
tee.
A. Herman
ir
it Administrator
f Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
vironmental Protection Agency
Pieter Verkerk
Co-Chair
Inspector General
Inspectorate for the Environment
VROM, The Netherlands
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FIFTH (NTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORGEMEN
CONFERENCE PURPOSE AND GOALS
The purpose and goals of the Fifth Conference reflect the progress already made z
directions undertaken to meet needs of participants to improve environmental corr
and enforcement.
Help to Make Compliance and Enforcement Happen
The Fifth Conference focuses on action: making enforcement and compliance happe
conferences focused on the building blocks for understanding environmental compliai
enforcement, developing a common framework, defining common principles and unders
driving forces and barriers. Benefiting from these past discussions, the Fifth Confere
use the common frameworks to focus on how to put these principles into practice,
harness the driving forces and how to evaluate and move beyond progress already ac
Conference plenary presentations highlight some of the best examples of how different
from different regions of the world, economic and social settings have taken steps to'
happen". In addition, the conference organizers have introduced the opportunity for part
to seek assistance on particular problems in "clinics" that will be structured around
requests.
Draw Together Those Influencing the Design of Environmental Comp
and Enforcement Programs in Effective Partnerships
The target audience for the Conferences remains enforcement officials and enviroi
policy makers in government and NGOs active in environmental compliance and enfon
those who are in a position to influence the design or enhancement of enyiror
enforcement programs. Within government the Conference will continue to seek represi
from national, regional, and local governmental units responsiblefor both the legal and tซ
aspects of environmental enforcement at the mid- to senior-management levels. It;
continue to involve selected non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and represents
selected international industry organizations. The Fifth International Conference agai;
attention on identifying contacts within government from both environment ministries
sectoral ministries involved in environmental enforcement as well as traditional law enfoi
personnel in order to foster new relationships to make enforcement work more smoothl
country and to facilitate cooperation among nations both on a global and regional I
address transboundary compliance issues.
Offer Something for Everyone
The Conference program includes topics and workshops to meet the needs of all parti'
Participants come from countries with various approaches to compliance and enforce!
well as with enforcement programs at various stages of development within various ec
settings including those from developing, rapidly industrializing, transitional and indust
economies. In addition, participants themselves may have many years of experii
enforcement or only a few. Some participants will have attended past conferences, v
others this will be their first experience in this international forum. Workshops are struc
take these differences into account while promoting exchanges among participants
wide range of experiences. The Conference will begin with a review of how lessons le?
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g all participants with common ground. An overview of the Principles of Environmental
ince and Enforcement is targeted to those new to the conference or who want a
>r. This is followed by group exercises and open exchange on neutral case studies
is Principles of Environmental Enforcement workshops. This will encourage all
mts to be open to new ideas and varying approaches of colleagues which will unfold
ie ensujng days of the conference.
pe of the conference offers a wide range of perspectives, from global to regional to
country or locality programs: It brings together the full range of disciplines and
ations needed to bring about compliance with environmental requirements, both within
side of government. It encompasses both compliance and enforcement approaches,
is and the working relationships needed to support them, both incentives and
itives. Finally, it extends from achieving compliance with domestic environmental
lehts to domestic programs implementing international environmental agreements.
late and Support Country, Regional and Global Capacity Building
33 , 1
ted Nations Conference on Environment and 6evelbpment (UNCED) held in Rio de
in June, 1992, produced an international agenda, Agenda 21, which firmly states that
3 environmental compliance and enforcement programs are a key element of
nental management, and recognizes the need to build institutional capacity for effective
nent in each nation's environmental program. If the INECE partnership and the
ints in the international network are to succeed in building capacity they must direct
espurces on areas with the most important and pressing needs. The Conference
i provides the potential and opportunity for nations to establish their own priorities for
building and an aggregated view within and across regions of the world to facilitate
:o international support. To articulate needs in a manner which can be supported and
Dbd sufficiently well to garner commitment and support, the Executive Planning
tee has initiated development of a country progress self assessment tool. Among
ials it will be designed to help participants focus on what they want to get out of their
rtion both at trie conference and from follow up activities to meet perceived capacity
needs for their own countries, region, and across the globe.
I
rage Ongoing International and Regional Networking
iferences have shown the importance of ongoing international and regional networking
the conference itself that encourages and facilitates program improvements and
tipn. The conferences have seen the evolution of a global network- INECE- as well
'al regional networks - both nascent and mature. The program will highlight international
ing resources designed to address global issues and to facilitate cooperation among
In addition, participants will have an opportunity to meet within their regions to discuss
i challenges and priorities and to develop ongoing or build upon existing mechanisms
>nal collaboration and strategies for strengthening environmental compliance and
nent.
1
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEME
Foster Exchange of Expertise and Learning through Active Particip
The Conference is structured to provide ample opportunity for participants to form prof
networks and to learn through active participation. In addition to open discussion durinc
sessions and workshops of 15 to 25 participants on every day of the Conference thei
informal opportunities for exchange around exhibits and related Conference events.
The Conference relies heavily on interactive workgroup sessions. Participants are 6
and encouraged to participate actively in discussions and working sessions. Individual
come to the Conference prepared to share experiences in environmental complia
enforcement that will benefit others involved in similar activities. The Conference
present a time for participants to reflect on their current enforcement activities and tc
new approaches that can be implemented in their respective countries.
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i Conference will meet its purpose and goals through' five days of plenary discussion,
itory workshops, exhibits, clinics, regional meetings and optional site visits on the
iference will be co-chaired by Mr! Seven A. Herman, Assistant Administrator' for
nent and Compliance Assurance, United States Environmental Protection Agency,
Pieter Verkerk, Inspector General, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the
nent the Netherlands. Conference moderators, presenters, facilitators and participants
vri from all regions of the world to represent a wide variety of approaches to and
ss for environmental compliance and enforcement.
nary session on the first day opens with a vision of where enforcement has been,
is going and how INECE and associated regional networks are evolving. Then a
panel highlights ways that countries from all parts of the globe in all stages of
merit are making progress in both conventional and unconventional ways. For those
hese conferences, a presentation over lunch will be offered on general principles of
; (rental enforcement as a framework for workshop discussions. To open discussions
ate an atmosphere conducive to exchange, participants will take part in parallel
ips1 Using case study exercises on a choice of topics to explore the application of the
ss of environmental compliance and enforcement to a range of environmental issues
st. ' : ; ;
ig on the second day of the conference, Tuesday through Thursday, the conference
ured thematically. Pienaries will highlight country examples of progress within the
flowed by a choice of workshop topics. Workshops on populartopics will be added so
mts get their first choices and workshops remain small. The five theme areas with
:ed workshops include:
i
Making it Happen: Applying the Principles of Environmental
Compliance and Enforcement
Communications, Public Role, and Compliance Monitoring
"Carrots and Sticks"
Capacity Building
International Cooperation/Transboundary Compliance and
Enforcement Issues '
Building Regional and Global Networks
ieme #1
ieme #2
ieme #3
ierne#4
ieme #5
ieme #6
lout the five day Conference there will be exhibits offered by the many countries and
ations represented at the Conference with special video displays and computerterminals
opportunities to learn about new advances in training, technology, and communications
:o environmental compliance and enforcement activities. On Wednesday afternoon,
day, participants will have the opportunity to explore exhibits and engage in informal
trations. The participant confirmation package will solicit and provide more detail on
ibit material.
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FIFTH /NTSWATTOMAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEN
On Ms Wednesday afternoon, participants also will have an opportunity to engage in
"clinics", specific problem solving and discussion sessions based on individually ic
challenges faced by participants at home. The conference organizers will arra
participants to exchange with others who have experience with similar problems in
focus on developing potential approachesto resolve them. The conferenceconfirmation
will solicit specific topics for these clinics from participants and the organizers will he
interested in similar issues to meet together.
Opportunities for regional meetings on Thursday afternoon and Friday morning are d<
to establish important linkages, ways to address common problems, and set proce
motion for enhancing regional networking and linkagess to global networks, particularly
A closing plenary session will explore future directions for international and regional coo|
and summarize key outcomes of conference discussions.
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nber 14,1998
17:00 Training of facilitators for workshops on the Principles of Environmental
Compliance and Enforcement
Tiber 15,1998
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12:00 Preparation and training of facilitators for special topic workshops
14:30 Meeting of speakers and moderators to prepare for plenary sessions
16:00 Executive Planning Committee meeting
18:00 Registration (continued November 16, 1998 8:00-8:30)
18:00 Conference Welcome Reception
nber 16-20,1998
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Exhibits will be on view throughout the Conference
About INECE: International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement.
ซ IntemationalOrganizationswithlnstitutionBuildingSupport:includesUNEP,UNDP.theWorld
Bank and others.
Regional Displays: includes Networks, Institution building Projects and Programs, Country
Program Highlights.
NGO corner: Citizen Role in Enforcement.
INTERNET/Automated Systems Support for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement:
Demonstrations and Instruction.
* Models for Calculating Recovery of Economic Benefit or Assessing Damages.
Inspector/Police Training Materials and Monitoring Equipment.
Video Displays: Videos for Compliance and Enforcement Communications and Training.
ซ Materials Supporting Special Topic Workshop Sessions.
Tiber 18,1998
17:00 Clinics/Exhibits
Participants have specifically allotted open time lo view exhibits and demonstrations
in the exhibit area during Wednesday afternoon. Open time will also be used to
organize staffed "clinics" to respond to particular problems that individual countries or
NGO's are facing for which they request assistance. At their option, participants can
exchange with others who have experience with similar problems and focus on
developing potential approaches to resolve them.
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEI\
Day One
November 16,1998
8:30 - 8:40 Welcome to California:
Day Chair- Mr. Pieter Verkerk, Inspector General, VROM
Ms. Felicia Marcus, Regional Administrator,
USEPA Region IX
8:40 - 9:30 Opening Plenary: Overview and Vision
Collaborative Session with Co-Chairs Mr. Steven Herman, Assistant Administi
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, USEPA and Mr. Pieter Verkerk, In
General, VROM and selected members of the INECE Executive Planning Comn
THEME #i \MAK!NG "IT HAPPED:"APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF ' - 4
" j, ^/ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND"ENFORCEMENT j -"
9:30-12:30 Plenary Session - Panel Discussion:
Moderator: Dr. David Slater, Director, Pollution Prevention & Control,
Environment Agency, United Kingdom
Speaker* 1: Mr. Yasser Shariff, Program Manager, Egyptian Environmei
Affairs Agency, Egypt
Launching Enforcement Programs Through Compliance
Plans and Environmental Management Systems
Speaker* 2: Justice Michael F. Saldanha, Karnataka High Court, India
Citizen and Judicial Activism for Institutional Reform
Speaker #3: Mr. Armando Shalders Neto, Director of Environmental Pollutioi
Control, Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental,
The Evolution of Compliance and Enforcement in Brazil
Speaker* 4: Ms. Nancy Bircher, Director, Enforcements Environmental
Emergencies, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, B(
Canada
Achieving Ecosystem Protection Through Environmental
Compliance and Enforcement
12:30-14:00 Lunch
13:15-13:55 Principles of Environmental Enforcement- Overviewfor New Participants^
Speaker* 5: Cheryl Wasserman, Associate Director for Policy Analysis, (
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, U.S. EPA
14:00-18:00 Theme # 1 Workshops
In small groups, workshop participants will use case studies to explore the princ
environmental compliance and enforcement Participants choose their preferre
study subject matter.
1A Coal Burning/Sulfur Dioxide problems
1B Mining
1C Petrochemical/Refining
1D Deforestation
1E Residential and Industrial Waste disposal
1F Tourism [
1G Transboundary Illegal shipments of Hazardous Waste, Toxk
chemicals (Pesticides), c ontraband CFC
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WO Day Chair - Mr. Steven Herman, Assistant Adm'inistratorfor Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance, USEPA
Tiber 17,1998
: &ป c6SMl&CATl6NS, PlfeUC ROLE, AND COMPLIANCE MONITORING
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50 Plenary Session - Panel Discussion:
Moderator:
Dr. Francois Hanekom, Deputy Director-General, Department of
Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa
Speaker #6: Mr. Nabie! Makarim, Deputy Minister, BAPEDAL, Environmental
Impact Management Agency, Indonesia
Compliance Status As Public Information
Speaker* 7: Ms. Svitlana Kravchenko, President, Ecopravo, Ukraine
Effective Citizen Enforcement
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Speaker* 8:
Speaker* 9:
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Ms. Meenak Raman, Legal Officer, Consumers Association of
Penang Pulau, Malaysia
Role of Public and NGO Support Networks
Ms. Elaine Stanley, Director, Office of Compliance, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, USA
Using Self Compliance Monitoring and Performance Data
2:30 Theme # 2 Workshops
In small groups, workshop participants will explore special topics dealing with Theme # 2:
Communications and Compliance Monitoring with experts and among themselves.
Participants choose preferred workshop topic.
2 A Communications and Enforcement.
2 B Encouraging Public Role in Compliance Monitoring and Impact of
Public Access to Environmental Information/CommunityRight to
Know Laws on Compliance arid Enforcement Programs.
2C Compliance Monitoring.
2D Multi-Media (Integrated) Inspections and Permitting.
" 2E Source Self-Compliance Monitoring Requirements.
2 F Detecting Hidden Operations Outside of Legal Frameworks.
14:00 Lunch
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEME
THEME #3 "CARROTS AND STICKS" " s !w~
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14:00 -15:00 Plenary Session - Panel Discussion:
Moderator: Ms. Helena Cizkova, International Project Coordinator, Mir
the Environment of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
Speaker* 10: Mtro. Antonio Azuela, Federal Attorney for the Environmei
Protection, Mexico
Compliance Incentive Schemes: Harnessing Environm
Auditing, Environmental Management Systems (e.g., II
certification), and Their Relationship to Enforcement
Speaker* 11: Mr. Zbigniew Kamiensiki, Deputy Chief Inspectorfor Envirc
Protection, State Inspectorate for Environmental Protectio
Compliance Plans: Creative Negotiations for Correctioi
Penalty
Speaker* 12: Mr. Eric S. Schaeffer, Director, Office of Regulatory Enforc
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA
Policies to Resolve Enforcement Cases to Maximize
Environmental Benefit, Pollution Prevention, andReco'
Economic Benefit of Non-Compliance
Speaker* 13: Mr. Marlito Cardenas, Assistant Director, Office of the
. Undersecretary for Environmental and Program Developrr
Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Philip
Detecting Hidden Operations
15:00-18:00 Theme #3 Workshops
In small groups, workshop participants will explore special topics dealing with Tt
"Carrots and Sticks" with experts and among themselves. Participants cho
preferred workshop topic.
3 A Structuring Incentives for Private Sector Compliance.
3 B Environmental Crimes; and Criminal Enforcement.
3 C Citizen Enforcement.
3 D Structuring Financial Consequences in Enforcement: Pen
Policies, Recovery of Damages, Recovery of Economic B(
Non-Compliance.
3 E Role of Negotiation in Enforcement.
3 F Administrative Enforcement Mechanisms: Getting Authorit
Making It Work.
3 G Compliance Schedules and Action Plans: Content, Enforo
and Use in Compliance and Enforcement.
19:00
Cultural Event
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Plenary Session - Panel Discussion:
1
Moderator: Mrs. Alois! de Larderel, Director, United Nations Environment
''. ' , Program.iE ' "
Speaker* 14: Mr. Antonio Gonzalez Pastora, Director, Central American
Commission on Sustainable Development (CCAD)
Organizing International Cooperation: Example
Speaker* 15: Mr. Patrick Larkin, Program Manager, Environmental Protection
Agency, Ireland
Creative Financing/Multi-Media Permitting & Enforcement
Speaker* 16: Mr. Christopher Currie, Chief, Enforcement Management Division,
::i Environment Canada, Canada j
DecentralizedManagement "Systems
Speaker #17: Dr. Adegoke Adegoroye, Director General/CEO, Federal
, Environmental Protection Agency, Nigeria
Training Programs
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Theme # 4 Workshops
In small groups, workshop participants will explore speciaftopics dealing with Theme # 4:
Capacity Building with expertsand among themselves. Participantschoosetheir preferred
workshop topic.
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4 A Managing Centralized and Decentralized Programs; Achieving
the Right Balance 'of Roles and Relationships for Key Functions;
1 Accouhtapility tyieasufes, Compliance Indicators and Reporting.
4 B Budgeting and Financing Environmental Compliance and
' Enfoi^emenf Prdgrarns: How Much Enforcement is Enough.
4C Training Programs for^Compliance Inspectors, Investigators and
. Legal Personnel. ' '
4 D Setting Up and Managing Compliance Assistance Programs and
:", ' ' Jnforrriiationl'IO'ulireachfbh Regulatory Requirements.
lit '4E The Science of'Enforcement:,, SettingUp arid Financing
Laboratories; Ensuring the Integrity of Sampling and Data
Analysis; Scientific Support for Enforcement.
4 F Government/Municipal/Military: Compliance and Enforcement
, Strategies.
4 G Small and Medium Enterprises Compliance and Enforcement
Strategies.
4H Mobile Source Compliance Strategies and Enforcement.
4 I Non-Point Source Compliance and Enforcement Strategies.
4 J Geographic or Resource-Based Compliance and Enforcement
i Strategies.
4:00
3:30
Lunch
Luncheon Speaker: Ms. Lois Schiffer, Assistant Attorney General
for Lands and Natural Resources, USA
Relationship Between the Legal Arm of Government and the
Line Environnmental Agency "or Ministry
7:00 Clinics/Exhibits
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFOR'CEME
Day Four Day Chair - Mr. Steven Herman, Assistant Administratorfor Enforcement a
Compliance Assurance, USEPA
November 19,1998
THEME #5 INTERNATlbNACcdOPERATJON/rRANSBOUNDARY COMPLlA
ป -. s AND ENFORCEMENT ISSUES
8:30 - 9:30 Plenary Session - Panel Discussion:
Moderator: Mr. George Kremlis, Head of Unit, Legal Affairs, Europear
Community :
Speaker* 18: Mr. Hongjun Zhang, Deputy Director, Legislative Office of
Environmental Protection & Natural Resources, Conserve-
Committee, People's Republic of China
Illegal Shipments: Country Example of Problem and K
Speaker* 19: Ms. Francoise Burherme-Guilmin, Head, lUCN-Environme
Center
Enforcing International Environmental Agreements, e.g
Speaker* 20: Dr. Gees Boekel, Deputy Regional Inspector, Inspectorate
Environment- East, Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning i
Environment, The Netherlands
Enforcement of International Environmental Agreemen.
Hazardous Waste and Ozone Depleting Substances
Speaker* 21: Mr. Earl Devaney, Director, Office of Criminal Enforcemen
Forensics and Training, U.S. Environmental Protection Ag>
USA
EnvironmentalCrimes/INTERPOL
I
9:30-12:30 Theme #5 Workshops
In small groups, workshop participants will explore special topics dealing with tr
International Cooperation/ Transboundary with experts and among ther
Participants choose their preferred workshop topic.
5 A Illegal Transboundary Shipment of (Hazardous) Waste.
5B Compliance with International Environmental Agreements:
on Montreal Protocol and CITES: Illegal Shipments of CFC
Other Ozone Depleting Substances and Illegal Trade in Ei
Species.
5 C Illegal Shipments of Dangerous Chemicals Including Pesti
5 D International Enforcement Cooperation to Protect Shared I
sources and Prevent Transboundary Pollution.
5 E Collaborative Targeting of Enforcement on an Internationa
12:30 - 14:00 Lunch
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''GLOBAL
. .....
5:30 Plenary Session - Panel Discussion:
if;:;''
Regional enforcement networks are in various stages of development. Plenary sessions
will highlight their status and accomplishments.
Moderator: Mr. Jan van den Heuvel, Director, General Policy Affairs, Ministry of
Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Netherlands
Europe Panel:
Speaker #21:
Speaker #22:
Speaker #23:
Americas Panel:
Speaker #24:
Speaker* 25:
Speaker #26:
Speaker to be determined
Western Europe
Speaker to be determined
Central and Eastern Europe
Speaker to be determined
Newly Independent States
Speaker to be determined
North America
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Speaker to be determined
Central America
Speaker to be determined
Americas
Asia Panel:
Speaker #27:
Speaker* 28:
Speaker to be determined
Asia and Pacific
Speaker to be determined
South Asia
Africa/Middle East Panel:
Speaker #29: Speaker to be determined
Africa
Speaker #30: Speaker to be determined
West Asia and Middle East'
8:00 Regional Meetings
Facilitated Discussion/Simuitaneousbreakoutsessions. These sessions will continue in
the morning of day 5.
i
6 A Europe (Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, and NIS)
6 B Americas (North America, Central America, Caribbean, and South
America)
6 C Asia (Asia Pacific and South Asia)
6D Africa and West Asia/Middle East
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEME
Day Five Day Chairs - Mr. Steven Herman, Assistant Administratorfor Enforcement
Compliance Assurance, USEPAand Mr. PieterVerkerk, Insf
November 20,1998 General VROM
8:30 -12:30 Regional Meetings (Continued)
Facilitated Discussion / simultaneous breakout sessions continued from afte
Day 4.
6 A Europe (Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, an
6 B Americas (North America, Central America, Caribbean, an
America)
6 C Asia (Asia Pacific ami South Asia)
6 D Africa and West Asia/Middle East
12:30-14:00 Lunch
14:00 -16:00 Plenary Session: Regional Meeting Reports
Presentation of future directions for global and regional networks
Moderator: Mr. Jan van den Heu vel, Director, General Policy Affairs, P
Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, The Neth>
Speakers selected from regional meetings for each region and sub-region as ap|
and INECE Co-Chairs.
16:00 - 17:00 Closing Plenary: CLOSING REMARKS
Mr. Steven Herman, Assistant Administrator, US EPA
Mr. PieterVerkerk, Inspector General, VROM
Closing Keynote Senior High Level Official
Adjourn - Conference Evaluations Due
17:00-18:00 Closing Reception
November 21,1998
Optional site visits arranged by US Environmental Protection Agency:
A A state-of-the art regional sewage treatment plant and con
inspection.
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FIFTH fNTERNATiONAt CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEME
CONFERENCE PLENARY THEMES AND
WORKSHOPS - TOPICAL OUTLINES
Below are detailed outlines for the papers and presentations on conference themes anc
for expert papers and discussion issues that will be covered within each of the works
Conference papers and presenters will be asked to follow these outlines.
In addition, speakers and participants will be asked to address the following in thei
and talks:
Summarize the importance of a topic to achieving of compliai
environmental protection goals.
Where possible, address the range of issues presented in the "Prin
Environmental Compliance and Enforcement" text and use terminol
is consistent with the text. If at variance, provide some explanatior
there is a framework within which alternative approaches may be c<
and constructively discussed.
Identify design issues and alternative approaches. :
Provide both good and bad experiences, and an assessment of th<
that contributed to success or failure.
Provide pragmatic and realistic advice.
Discuss the evolutionary nature of the enforcement approach.
Try to quantify and otherwise describe results in terms of com
environmental improvement, patterns of violation, etc., or, if these are u
indicate this.
Conference papers/presenters will address the following plenary themes and worksh
five days:
Theme #1 Making it Happen: Applying the Princip
Environmental Compliance and Enforcemen
Moving from principles to practice takes time and often some driving force. Program
at their own pace responding to both domestic and international commitments to envirc
protection, demands of fair and free trade, public pressure, market forces, crises, a
opportunities to garner support for building and implementing compliance and enfc
programs. The Fourth International Conference opened with an exploration of drivin:
challenges and impediments to effective environmental compliance and enforcer
Fifth International Conference focuses on how different country officials and NGOs ir
situations have "made it happen".
Papers and plenary session speeches will address the following issues:
Genesis of the program, what precipitated its development; the drivin
that gave rise to a decision to create or enhance an environmental corr
enforcement program or to respond to particular noncompliance pi
Particular challenges including issues such as economic and
uncertainty, level of support for environment, tradition or lack of tra
anrl r.nmnlianr.fi limitations on availability of human re
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that arose in developing or enhancing a program, options considered/selected.
Organization of the program: hierarchy, levels of government, roles and
responsibilities including, as appropriate, information on the:
- Overall status of laws, regulations and permits to establish enforceable
' ":" requirements; '
Plans or programs to promote compliance;
- Mechanisms to establish priorities arid what they are;
How the country monitors compliance:
- Inspection program: multi-media and/or single program focus, train-
ing and targeting of government inspection activity;
- Use of source self-monitoring, record-keeping and reporting;
Enforcement response authorities and how they are used;
Public role in enforcement;
Accountability and measures of success;
- Communications; and
Areas in which progress is needed.
'articipants (and others at their option)
Overview of the Principles of Environmental Compliance
and Enforcement MI , ,. ]
isentation at the Fifth international Conference is for those"participants who fiave ho!
afed in previous conferences and for those who want to refresh themselves on these
D provide them with a common point of reference for subsequent workshops and
bris. The Principles of Environmental Compliance and Enforcement text was designed
lational use and developed for the international training course. A synopsis of the text
it presented at the second International Conference in Budapest, Hungary, and
jently adopted as a general framework for international exchange. It covers definitions
liance and enforcement, elements and principles, a general framework and a range of
for addressing each element of the framework. The text and presentation will explore
Drtance of compliance and enforcement concerns, the range of motivations affecting
nee behavior and the need to tailor compliance and enforcement strategies to the
circumstances and problems presented. Specifically, the presentation will cover:
Defining Compliance and Enforcement:
The need to consider compliance and enforcement at every stage in
the development and implementation of environmental laws and
programs, and
Philosophy of compliance, enforcement theories.
General Framework for Compliance and Enforcement:
- Designing enforceable requirements;
Identifying the regulated universe and setting priorities;
Promoting compliance through enforceable requirements, technical
assistance and outreach;
Monitoring compliance;
Establishing and using enforcement authorities;
Defining intergovernmental roles; and
Establishing accountability and measuring results.
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FIFTH (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEI
Workshops 1A-G Principles of Environmental Cornplianc
Enforcement
Workshops will providea basis for opening communicationsand breaking down barrier
all participants, including those who already have participated in these workshops ai
who have not. They offer an opportunity to apply principles of environmental enforcer
realistic but fictitious case study to develop a management approach, establish enfi
requirements, and create compliance and enforcement strategies for environmental pi
Unlike past conferences, the negotiation role-play to resolve a violation will not be
during this session.
Participants will receive in advance copies of the text, "Principles of Enviro
Enforcement", case study materials on the selected subject matter (Choice of topics i
A-coal burning/sulfur dioxide problems, B-mining, C-petrochemicals/petroleum refi
deforestation, E-residential and industrial waste disposal, F-tourism, and G-transb
illegal shipments of hazardous waste, toxic chemicals (pesticides) and contraband Cl
technical support packages on the nature of the environmental problem and pollutioi
or prevention options.
Theme #2 Communications, F'ublic Role, and Comp
Monitoring
This theme covers two important and often interrelated aspects of environmental cor
and enforcement. To correct and prevent violations of environmental requirements c
be able to assess compliance status and detect violations in the first instance. To det
violations, one must communicate effectively about requirements, why compliance \AI
is important, and what consequences will befall those who do not comply. Commur
about compliance status to the public becomes a powerful means not only to foster cor
but also to support critical program functions such as compliance monitoring.
Workshop 2A Communications and Enforcement
Participants in this workshop will engage in a role-play "game" which was first intro<
the Fourth International Conference during which participants will work in small g
roles to develop a "communications strategy" for a particular compliance and enfo
problem within realistic resource constraints. Subsequent discussions will benefr
capacity building support document on "Communications for Enforcement" prepare!
Fourth International Conference and papers on this subject in Conference proceedir
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
The role of communications as a compliance tool, as an enforcement i
and as a means of enhancing program effectiveness.
Ways to identify and to understand the different needs of a target g
communications about enforcement including the regulated corr
enforcers, licensees or permittee, the general public, politicians.
Legal problems in using information about non-compliers in communi
Ways to develop a strategic approach for communications and enfo
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Special activities enforcers can undertake to ensure effective communications:
such as press release policies and requirements, contributions to newsletters
or trade press, video, broadcast, other.
hop 2B Encouraging Public Role incompliance Monitoring
and Impact of Public Access to Environmental
Information/ Community Right to Know Laws on
Compliance and"Enforcement Programs
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ons will build on papers published in the Proceedings of the Second, Third, and
iternational Conferences, in addition, discussions will benefit from a new capacity
support document on the general subject of citizen enforcement commissioned for
International Conference to tie together past writings on the subject.
; : II
and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
The role of citizens and citizen organizations' in compliance monitoring, from
both government and citizen perspectives: what experiences have government
officials and NGOs had in encouraging:
citizens to serve as "inspectors";
public-private partnerships for monitoring compliance;
citizen-business agreements for monitoring compliance; and
,., i,! - citizen initiatives and government responses.
9 The impact of these activities in terms of:
! ''., - increasing the general "enforcement presence" and deterrent effect of
i : ' compliance monitoring;
::: . detecting significant violations that would have otherwise gone
undetected;
- potentially diverting government resources to less significant
environmental problems; and
- supporting follow up enforcement response by the government.
A The support citizens need from government to carry out compliance monitoring
activities in terms of information, training, education in how to identify or report
complaints or problems for investigation etc.
Community right to know policies and the program implications of public access
to compliance and environmental monitoring information, including:
source self-monitoring, record keeping and reporting requirements;
- toxic release inventories or pollutant release and transfer registers; and
- community right to know provisions.
:;> The impact on environmental compliance and enforcement program
effectiveness, demands for quality data.
'- The various roles that the public and citizens may play in environmental
enforcement and achievement of compliance:
the public role as an economic and social force for compliance;
- the role of citizens in identifying violations;
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEM
the role of citizens in pursuing enforcement actions o
governments to pursue violators (citizen suit authorities' and
recent environmental legislation creating environmental bill
and
citizen roles in commenting on settlement of violations and dh
compliance.
How the public role can be fostered as an effective force for wi
compliance.
How dependent an effective public role is on public disclosure of cc
information.
Workshop 2C Compliance Monitoring
Workshop discussions will build on the description of compliance monitoring techni
programmatic approaches in the "Principles of Environmental Compliance and Enfc
text and the UNEP training manual on industrial compliance. Discussions will a
papers published in the Conference Proceedings and several related capacity
documents prepared for the Fourth International Conference including: Self-Co
Monitoring Requirements, and one on Multi-Media Inspection Protocols, as well
document commissioned for the Fifth International Conference on Inspector Trainir
Compendium, Course Comparison and Example Program Descriptions. Discussic
workshop will provide an overview of all issues related to compliance monitorir
workshops: 2D, 2E, and 2F, focus on distinct aspects of compliance monitoring
participants to focus on particular areas of interest. Further, inspector training ah
addressed in more depth in workshop 4C.
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following areas:
ป Goals for compliance monitoring and country examples of decisic
use of one or more of the following approaches:
Inspections;
Source self-compliance monitoring, record keeping and/or re
Citizen complaints, monitoring;
Supplemental information; : '.
Ambient monitoring; and '.
Aerial reconnaissance.
e Decisions on the structure of an inspection program:
Whether to separate permitting and compliance me
responsibilities;
Use of dedicated environmental compliance inspectors and/or
duties for environmental or non-environmental professionals
police or other staff;
Single versus multi-media or integrated inspections;
Use of government personnel or third parties or a combinatic
Balancing inspections for routine, for cause, for follow up anc
development.
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- What is the state-of-the-art, what is particularly cost-effective;
- By medium (air, water, groundwater, soils); whether point or non-point-
fugitive releases; and
- Daytime or nighttime surveillance (e.g. lidar technology for nighttime
distanced observation and measurement of air releases).
Management of Compliance Monitoring data, quality control programs for
sampling
i6p 2D Multi-media (Integrated) Inspections and Permitting
lions'are moving toward integrated permitting and inspection, and others are
ig these approaches.
id workshop discussion issues will address the following issues:
The extent of country experiences with integrated permitting and/or integrated
(multi-media) inspections.
How an integrated permit is defined, specifically whether it covers procedural
integration, administrative integration, substantive integration or all three. What
is different about integrated versus single media or program permits.
How integrated or multi-media inspections are defined including multi-media
screening, cross program or combined inspections, team inspections and
process-oriented inspections.
Advantages and disadvantages of integrated permits and integrated
inspections and whether they are more or less efficient and effective and
why, in what circumstances.
Potential and actual results from integrated permits and integrated inspections
that would not have resulted from single-media permits.
Level of difficulty in issuing and monitoring compliance with integrated permits:
more or less difficult to achieve compliance by the regulated community.
Special expertise needed to implement integrated inspection programs.
Impact on integration of compliance and pollution prevention concerns and
approaches.
lop 2E Source Self-Compliance Monitoring Requirements
3lf-compliance monitoring, record keeping and/or reporting plays an essential role
ซ of pollution to manage to assure their own compliance and provide a more complete
compliance performance over time rather than the brief snap shot that a periodic
i can provide.
id workshop discussions will address the following issues:
Design of source self-compliance monitoring, record keeping and/or reporting
requirements:
Types of sources to which it applies;
Parameters and frequency of monitoring;
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Ffmw /NrefiNATiONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMI
Form of reporting (standard forms, all data or exceptions) and f
(real time, monthly, quarterly, semi-annually, annually, ex-
electronic versus paper;
Data management; and
Quality control and assurance programs.
Uses for source self-compliance monitoring information in the enf
program:
Assurance of permittee or regulated community's self awarei
Requirements for corrective arid/or preventive response by the
Basis for targeting inspection;
Basis for defining a violation and enforcement response; anc
Modeling of ecosystem performance.
Use of environmental audits by third parties or by regulated source
Voluntary and confidential or requirements to conduct and re
evaluations; and
Nature of reporting (entire report, exceedences, envirc
performance).
Workshop 2F Detecting Hidden Operations Outside ol
Frameworks
There will always be those who evade legal procesises for operating within the lav
'hidden" from the view of government officials and perhaps the public. Given the <
incentive to avoid costs of pollution control and prevention or to exploit weakness
systems for the more routine aspects of implementing compliance and enforcement p
including inspection of known sources of pollution, it has therefore become inc
important to reward those who comply and address what can be significant env
problems posed by those who lie outside our regulatory net. These sources may be
without permits, remain outside of our registrations, inventories, reporting and tracking:
This workshop focuses on how these hidden operations can be successfully detect
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
Problems countries experience with hidden operations, e.g. unp
unauthorized wetlands or natural ressource destruction, constructio
a permit, illegal logging, waste or product import/export. How much
about the magnitude of these problems given that by definition they ar
How enforcers have successfully detected hidden operations 1
problems and what the key factors were in their success.
What problems face-officials and how might they be overcome with
Data analysis;
Education of citizenry;
New types of inspection and investigation methods; or
- Other.
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art of any successful environmental compliance and enforcement program is its
leliver incentives for compliance and consequences or disincentives to violators
1 predictable fair, and appropriate manner in relation to the nature of the regulated
ty and to the actual or potential for harm. The evolution of environmental enforcement
includes the search for the right mix and type of carrots and sticks for different
. to change to arid/or maintain compliance behavior. Both carrots and sticks are
and mqs! effective when they are used together and in the right balance. This
plores the cfeveiopmenf," irripiementatiori; and results of different "carrot and stick
es and ways to best enhance and motivate compliance by designing integrated
se them together.
iop 3A structuring Incentives for Private Sector Compliance
'shop will examine the incentives countries are using to promote compliance, and
environmental performance generally, and also explore the relationship between
sntlves or carrots and the threat of the enforcement stick. It will also examine the
use and development of environmental audits arid environmental management
56th in relation to the International Standards Organization's Series 14000 Standards,
.ean Union's eco-management and audit regulation or other schemes. Governments
n asked to respond to company run environmental management systems. Some
>onded with explicit policies which encourage such advances but which maintain a
I line between an independent regulatory and enforcement role for government as
om private sector and marketplace initiatives while others are advocating a shifting
-om government enforcement to the marketplace. The workshop will draw upon
ipers and workshop discussion summaries from prior conferences on both promoting
compliance and economic incentives.
id workshop discussions will address on the following issues:
Approaches countries have employed to motivate compliance through positive
incentives; what is known about how effective such approaches are, and
factors contributing to the success or failure of compliance incentive schemes.
How countries link compliance incentives and enforcement sanctions:
- Whether and what successes of programs designed to promote
compliance can be achieved independently or in relation to inspection
and enforcement response;
: - Successful relationships between incentives, technical assistance,
inspections, and enforcement response; and
How enforcement response policies might be designed to promote
compliance as well as deter violations.
: -,' How government compliance and enforcement programs are responding to
regulated sources which adopt Environmental Management Systems either
certified for conformity with ISO 14001 or other EMS standards:
- What is known about the compliance status and ability to self-monitor,
correct and prevent violations of entities which adopt such systems
versus those who do not;
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFO'RCEN
Potential effectiveness of the International Standards Org<
international environmental management standards (ISO 14C
in promoting compliance; and
Potential for or limitations on the opportunity for official g<
recognition in efforts to promote compliance and take en
response.
How to maintain accountability for performance within compliance
schemes, how to account for their effectiveness and results and ho
might be defined.
Workshop 3B Environmental Crimes and Criminal Enforc
Internationally, the role for criminal enforcement is very varied with some natic
exclusively on criminal enforcement mechanisms for the full range of possible vi
environmental requirements and others reserving criminal enforcement for actions
be "criminal" in nature. Nevertheless, there is increasing recognition of at lea:
violations of environmental requirements that are recognized as "environmental crim
of treatment under criminal codes and criminal prosecution. The players involved
enforcement sometimes differ from those in civil enforcement requiring djfferen
cooperation both nationally and internationally.
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
How countries are using and developing criminal enforcement ai
addressing environmental crimes and for deterring and correcting
of environmental requirements.
ป Kinds of sanctions and other consequences made available throuc
enforcement and how effective are they in achieving compliance.
The proper role of criminal authorities and sanctions in envii
enforcement. The relationship between criminal and civil enforcerm
what types of violations criminal enforcement (rather than civil enf
is particularly well suited.
National cooperation in criminal enforcement: government entities
be involved in making criminal enforcement successful and howthes
groups can be encouraged to work together.
Training required to support criminal enforcement, and training
available.
How INTERPOL works and how to access country contacts and lr>
International cooperative efforts to prevent, detect and prosecute cri
has worked well and what has not worked well, what improverner
made, what information needs to be shared.
Workshop 3C Citizen Enforcement
Discussionswill build on papers published in prior proceedings of the International Co
In addition, discussions will benefit from a new capacity building support docum
subject of "Citizen Enforcement" which has been commissioned for the Fifth Confe
which will attempt to pull together all the materials developed to date on the is
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n't developed by participants at the Fourth International Conference focusing in this
5n the citizen as "enforcer" as distinguished from workshop 2B which examines the
in promoting and monitoring compliance.
d workshop discussions will address the following issues:
Mechanisms used to empower citizen enforcement: what authorities exist in
different countries and how this authority has been exercised to provide for a
citizen role as private enforcer of environmental law, including
Citizen ability to bring enforcement cases (standing and other issues);
Citizen ability to ask for review of government decisions; and
Remedies available to citizen enforcers.
HOW are these provisions are working and what impediments exist to realizing
their potential; how such provisions can be supported and encouraged in
countries without this citizen authority.
Relationships that might be established between governmental agencies
mandated to enforce requirements and citizens empowered to enforce the
law and what are the advantages and disadvantages of different relationships.
Citizen role as support to government enforcement efforts, including:
. Government cooperation with citizens during enforcement proceedings;
- Citizen ability to join government enforcement efforts; and
- Citizen review of government and violator settlements before they are
finalized. '
How these kinds of opportunities for cooperation and support are working;
what impediments exist to realizing their potential.
"Meaningful access to information" and how important a role it plays as a
prerequisite to effective citizen enforcement, including:
Access to monitoring information as discussed at earlier workshops;
Access to other relevant government-held information;
- Access to information concerning government enforcement efforts; and
- Access to privately-held information.
What would be needed to move countries in the direction of the set of citizen
participation opportunities identified at the Fourth International Conference.
op 3D Structuring Financial Consequences in
' ;iii ' " "EnforcementPenalty;Policies, Recovery of
' " ' ''Damages, "Recovery' of Economic Benefit of Non-
Compliance
ental as the "polluter pays principle" is to environmental policy generally, economics
oowerful incentive for compliance behavior. Many if not most environmental
3 and enforcement programs make use of economic sanctions, incentives and/or
es to motivate compliance. To be effective, however, the use of monetary fines or
f damages must be well grbuhdeci in practical realities of actual costs of control or
of pollution and also in theoretical underpinnings which can garner support and
"3 by the public and those potentially affected.
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FIFTH (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEN
Papers and workshop discussion will address the following issues:
Factors countries have used to construct penalty policies or p
assessment of penalties for violations of environmental law.
Approaches which have been most successful or have posed pro
why.
The role participants see for the "recovery of economic bene1
compliance" or other relevant theories in country enforcement res|
penalty approaches. (Including a demonstration of models used
such calculations).
Approaches used to assess damages to human health or the er
and/or to recover costs of clean up or control. Level of difficulty; cost
of these approaches and how that affects the ability of government
or affected parties to recover costs and deter future action whii
damages.
Principles and approaches for structuring penalty policies and i
damages.
The implications for enforcement economics of "Take back laws" z
market approaches to make generators of pollution accountabli
pollution contributions.
Workshop 3E Role of Negotiation in Enforcement
This workshop will address the appropriate role of negotiation in environmental en'
It is a subject on which there are strongly held views both in favor of and agains
negotiation. In favor of negotiation is the view that unilateral orders to compel v
correct existing practice may not necessarily lead to compliance if they are un
regard to steps needed to correct or prevent ai facility from violating its envi
requirements or ability to pay fines assessed. Indeed the kind of information need*
these determinations is often either only known to the violator, or may require
communications between the violator and the government. Furthermore, negot
lead to solutions that better balance environmentail, economic and social concern
of no role for negotiation is that it may allow exceedences from environmental law anฐ
make problems worse, encourage favoritism, bribery and inconsistent practice
undermine the program and encourage deviations from legal requirements whic
strictly followed.
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
What policy prescriptions and management frameworks are needec
that negotiations to resolve violations result in settlements that
acceptable bounds.
What factors lead to successful use of negotiation to:
Establish that there has been a violation of an envir
requirement;
Establish what actions must be undertaken by when to c
violation; ;
Establish what actions must be undertaken by whom to c
riamaae:
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violation or other sanction; and
Establish other projects, plans or activities to be undertaken to benefit
the environment and prevent recurrencei of a problem.
Who is involved in a negotiation when used in different countries.
For countries who do not utilize negotiation techniques, what are the barriers
and impediments to using negotiation.
., ; [ ,, , , ,. , ,
iop 3F Administrative Enforcement Mechanisms: Getting
Authority and 'Making it Work
ing administrative environmental agencies to impose legal requirements and/or
directly to violators without having to go to a court of law or other department or
r prosecution has been an important development in many countries, resulting in
1 less costly response to violations. Discussions will draw upon workshop papers
"hird International Conference on "Field Citations".
id workshop discussions will address the following issues:
" " ' ' ^ |"" ^ ^ 'I"'!'!,","' .I''"''''!'ii'"'111'" '""'" ' '' I '' '"' '' ''''',,!'! ", '',' ! .i'"'' ".'
':.' Finds of authorities administering "agencies have been granted, how have
these authorities evolved and why, including simple traffic ticket-types of
systems, ability to assess and collect penalties, establish compliance
schedules, recover economic benefit, assess damages, shut down operations,
etc. '
Effective use of administrative authorities and key factors in success or failure.
ซ The importance to the administrative' program of support of the judicial system
and other governmental forms of legal response for the administrative program.
Compliance Schedules and Action Plans: Content,
Enforceability and Use in Compliance and
Enforcement
iop 3G
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ement program must return violators to compliance, prevent continued and future
and send a broad message of deterrence to others who are or may violate
! 2htal requirements. A practical component of most enforcement responses other
)f ignoring a violation or shutting down a facility or operation is the use of a schedule
plan for compliance where additional time is required for a violator to reasonably
lecessary steps to come into compliance. This is true for voluntary agreements as
gal orders. This is particularly important in the instances in which corrective action
he purchase, construction and installation of pollution control equipment but can
i factor in the redesign of workplace practices, removal of toxic or hazardous
5s, clean up of spills of contamination eta One paradox posed by the very use of
ntsanctioned schedulesforthis purpose is that it condones continuanceof operations
n of the law. Nevertheless, the use of compliance schedules and action plans,
! y in conjunction with sanctions, is a pragmatic way of recognizing the realities of
es to correct a problem once government has gotten the source's commitment to do
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FIFTH /NTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMI
Papers and workshop discussion on this topic will address:
* How enforcement officials justify the use of compliance schedules a
plans.
Key elements of compliance schedules and action plans that mi
enforceable, more likely to succeed, more likely to be able to monitor
and/or support efficient escalation by enforcement officials if the
followed.
Examples of the use and content of compliance schedules and act
in different countries and programs and how they have evolved.
common to each of these and what is different and why.
ซ What difference it makes whether a schedule or action plan is dew
government, by a court, by negotiation with a violator, by a violator, i
What role should or can negotiation play.
ฎ The use of sanctions in conjunction with compliance schedules or act
Whether action plans or schedules should be made public.
How to ensure administrative officials are accountable for fair, pr<
consistent application of their authorities.
Theme #4 Capacity Building
An effort to build domestic, regional and international capacity to design and implemen
environmental compliance and enforcement programs is at the heart of the purpos<
the Fifth International Conference and ongoing international network. Each of the w
offered within this theme addresses one of several fundamental aspects of developing
management and organization issues, funding and resource management issues
and skill developmentissues, and design of targeted strategiesfor unique categorieso
In addition, papers and exhibits are solicited to addresss programs offered by various <
NGOs, and international organizations addressing the following issues:
Capacity building goals for this organization.
Expertise, materials, training and/or support available or planned.
Priorities established for supporting capacity building needs.
How requests are made.
Successes achieved.
Priorities for global and regional capacity building will be discussed based i
assessments of country progress submitted by each conference participant and also I
during the regional networking meetings at the Conference.
Workshop 4A Managing Centralized and Decentralized Pro
Achieving the Right Balance of Role
Relationships for Key Functions; Accoun
Measures, Compliance Indicators, and Repc
Around the world organizations have gone through stages in which some decenti
functions related to environmental compliance and enforcement, and some choose to
some or all key functions related to environmental compliance and enforcement.
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and ensure accountability for results. The CEC in North America is producing a
i compliance indicators which should also enhance discussions of this issue along
results'of workshop discussions on measuring success at the Fourth International
ice.
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.nd workshop discussions will address the following issues:
Basis for country decisions to manage the compliance and enforcement
functions in a centralized or decentralized manner and what has motivated
change from one system to another.
Advantages and disadvantages posed by centralization and decentralization.
Program relationships among levels of government in implementing
environmental permitting, compliance and enforcement programs that have
proven effective or ineffective.
How priorities and strategic targets are defined, communicated and
implemented in both centralized and decentralized management systems.
ซ How to develop and coordinate expertise and authorities across different
organizations that might have jurisdiction over an environmental problem.
How program personnel are held accountable and results reported in
decentralized versus centralized systems.
Use and development of compliance indicators.
hop4B
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Budgeting and Financing Environmental
Compliance arid Enforcement Programs: How Much
'j' ' vr i1"" Enforcement Is Enough
rohmental compliance and enforcement program is a highly leveraged undertaking
limited resources are expended to wield even greater influence over the behavior of
I sources of pollution, illegal practices or illegal useibf resources. This discussion will
om two capacity building documents, one entitled, "Financing Environmental Permit,
ice Monitoring and Enforcement Programs" prepared for the Fourth International
ice, and the second, "Strategic Targeting for Environmental Compliance and
lent Programs" commissioned for the Fifth International Conference.
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nd workshop discussions will address the following issues:
:>; ' i.. ;.,-) 1 1 ,1 I II I I I 11 III I ' : ;,.J.At 1 SB1. **.
Trie minimum human and capital resource needs for starting an environmental
compliance and enforcement program: can it be defined, if so, what they are. ,
How those needs change over time to that of a mature program.
On what basis officials responsible for environmental compliance and
enforcement1 programs have made "a successful case for funding those
programs^' ' """
How officials have ensured an effective balance in funding program elements
needed to support:
- Personnel versus equiprnent;
'-' Technical'versus legal"support;
- Field personnel versus policy and management support; and
Inspection and related compliance monitoring activities designed to
detect violations versus legal and other program personnel to respond
to and to follow up on violations detected.
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEME
What creative financing schemes countries and NGOs have develo
Financing schemes designed to also provide incentives for compile
how well have these worked.
Cost cutting measures program officials have developed when fa
budget cuts to maintain program integrity and how well they have
including:
Use of third party inspectors or purchase of laboratory suppo
Use of self-certifications and monitoring;
Automation in enforcement; and
Strategic targeting schemes.
Workshop 4C Training Programs for Compliance Insp
Investigator and Legal Personnel
Discussions will build upon a capacity building support document commissioned for
International Conference: "Inspector Training Compendium, Course compari
International examples of formal Training Programs" as well as the results of projei
Western Europe and North America to exchange and develop training materials, and
within Western Europe to define standards for training of environmental inspei
complementary project undertaken by Interpol is developing a compendium on envin
training for police.
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
How different countries define training needs for environmental ini
for legal enforcement personnel, for criminal investigators, or other pi
and what is similar or different and why. How have different countries
the skills and knowledge needed to perform enforcement related
well.
Approaches countries have taken in training personnel:
How training programs have evolved and whether there are
patterns;
For those countries who have established formal training p
what was the impetus, how were funding needs and program!
and implemented;
How training is delivered in various countries. What app
countries have developed to train personnel in a manner whi<
budget constraints;
The potential for innovative; technology in training enfc
personnel, for example, satellite training and interactive CD-R(
The relative importance of and reliance on classroom training
material, on-the-job training and observation of field work.
Identification needs and opportunities for sharing training material
nations which are not country-specific and how that can best be done,
a role for INECE.
How countries assess the qualifications of enforcement personne
mechanisms work best under what circumstances, including considi
performance appraisals, written tests, observation of practice, other
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Programs and Information Outreach on Regulatory
Requirements
il assistance and outreach programs are significant ways governments have to offer
jernent for compliance. Many nations and local communities have established
3 offering technical assistance to business and industry in environmental control,
prevention and/or cleaner production. Few of these are actually focussed on
;e related specifically to regulatory compliance for reasons which include lack of
lal linkage, lack of enforcement motivation, a desire to avoid shifting the burden of
bility for compliance from those regulated to the government and/or the level of training
to actually offer compliance assistance. In other cases a range of means of trying to
icate about regulatory requirements have been tried with mixed results.
ind workshop discussions will address the following issues:
What methods are used to communicate and reach out to the regulated
community about environmental requirements and which have proven to be
most effective, have not worked well and why.
What programs have been developed to offer compliance assistance, what
circumstances initiated the program. What are the resources required to
implement the program and how are successes or results assessed.
How are programs for assistance and/or outreach linked to enforcement
practices, what policy or program design alternatives were considered and
why was the approach selected.
hop4E The Science in Enforcement: Setting Up and
Financing Laboratories; Ensuring the Integrity of
Sampling and Data Analysis; Scientific Support for
Enforcement
Ful enforcement rests on sound science for its credibility and successful resolution of
5 and resultant damage to the environment. This workshop will be directed toward
ng a firm basis for understanding the science of enforcement, that is, the need for
support and data management
Ind workshop discussions will address the following issues:
identification of scientific issues and support required for compliance monitoring
.. _,,;.ซ', and enforcement response. "
" "'* ' Defining the needs for laboratory support:.1
Laboratory certification and auditing programs to assure quality of data and
analysis.
"'. Need for and how programs acquire supplemental scientific support for
\ ; ,, environmental assessments associated with enforcement cases: successes
: ; , and failures. , , : ,
'"'" Distinguishing needs for fbrensics laboratory support for criminal cases and
laboratory suppbii for civil enforcement cases.
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FIFTH (INTERNATIONAL. CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEME
Creative means of financing and managing needs for laboratory
opportunities for regional cooperation, mobile laboratories, purchasing
from multi-purpose laboratories/third parties. '.
Workshops 4F-4J Tailored Strategies for Environmental Comp
and Enforcement:
4F Government/Municipal/Military Compliance and Enforcei
Strategies
4G Small and Medium Enterprises Compliance and Enforcei
Strategies
4H Mobile Source Compliance Strategies and Enforcement
41 Non-Point Source Compliance and Enforcement Strategi
4J Geographic or Resource-based Compliance and Enforce
Strategies
Although the principles and frameworks for developing environmental complia
enforcement programs and strategies apply to all types of sources and situations, to
effective they must still be tailored to the nature of the regulated community, laws and
of a particular situation. Conference planners define capacity building broadly to inc
set of workshops for participants to be able to focus their discussions on different s
for addressing several unique categories of pollution sources. For example:
Military installations often pose problems of restricted access for envirc
inspectors or may not be subject to the same levels of scrutiny or tl
. types of sanctions despite the fact that they can be significant vio
environmental requirements with substantial risk to public health
environment. Government owned or operated facilities have differ
and financial motivations because they are non-profit entities than d>
enterprises which affects the choice and effectiveness of sanctions.
Small and medium sized enterprises are often too numerous to insp
the resources for pollution control, and/or dedicated management
environmental management that may be found in larger enterprises
Because mobile sources are by definition mobile, monitoring compile
responding to violations of required controls on automobiles, trucks
airplanes, ships and the like, pose opportunities for unique solutions
and when to' inspect, monitor compliance and even how to know who
inventory of controlled sources. Many nations are first establishing in
and maintenance (I/M) programs for automobiles and this is an oppo
speak about enforcing those program requirements.
Non-point sources of pollution are often controlled by best man?
practice requirements, and do not always demonstrate the kind of
for which there is environmental concern such as those that occur c
heavy rains, droughts.
Geographic or resource based strategies such as those needed to
illegal logging or settlements on national forests or reserves or pos
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I I
111) III I I I II I I I I I II I
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IIIII I 111 AM It I,,!1 liiihii 11;,, ".-i,, , ' ; ...I,,, nil : ii'iy ;i|ip
i group of source categories, papers ana worKsnop aiscussions win
I issues:
Particular challenges or problems posed by designing effective compliance
strategies and enforcement responses.
institutional requirements and design requirements for the program that would
help in compliance promotion, compliance monitoring, enforcement.
Particular training or inspection approaches useful in trying to detect violations
and compliance problems.
HOW those challenges might be overcome.
.#5 International Cooperation/transboundary
Compliance and Enforcement Issues
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onal cooperation has become an essential element of most environmental protection
ircement programs due to: 1) Globalization of trade raising the needs for both fairness
tainability, assuring that the benefits of free trade are not eroded by unacceptable
nental and related social costs, 2) shared environmental resources whose quality is
by the ability of border states to achieve the environmental benefits and protections
itory compliance, 3) patterns of pollution, illegal waste and illegal chemical transport
is many borders, and 4) the seemingly exponential growth of criminal activity which
D take advantage of both perceived and actual weaknesses in environmental
nent internationally to avoid legitimate costs of environmental protection.
:ussions will use as "a point of departure results of consultations on enforcement
ten at the direction of G-8 environmental leaders on problems and initiatives to address
ade in CFC and hazardous waste, results of experience in international cooperation in
nental enforcement through bilateral and multilateral networks such as IMPEL in the
,n Union, the CEC in North America, and INTERPOL on a global basis. Discussions
! on papers and results of workshop discussions at the Third and Fourth International
aces. Discussions will also benefit from the "Potential Projects List" commissioned
Executive Planning Committee to promote global and regional networking. This
nt lists and contains descriptions arid results of actual and potential projects for
onal cooperation in networking, capacity building arid enforcement cooperation.
ons can also draw upon the technical support document prepared for the Fourth
onal Conference on "Transboundary Illegal Trade in Potentially Hazardous (Waste,
33, Ozone Depleting) Substances".
hop 5A Illegal Transboundary Shipment of (Hazardous)
Waste
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c has been addressed at previous international conferences, has been monitored by
}| Secretariat within UNEP, and specifically reviewed in a consultation of enforcement
commissioned by the G-8 environment leaders. The INECE wishes to make progress
fth international Conference workshop by defining specific measures that enforcement
around the globe believe are needed to create a more effective deterrent to put a stop
il activities in the shipment of hazardous waste and household waste that is
y* ,'>';' Jfi", :"'"li1! ";"" "'"' "acterized brcbriiarninated with hazarHous waste.
,;l::, i1 Ij:r
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEM
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
Ways violators are circumventing provisions of the Basel convention
laws governing the legal shipment of waste and how violators ;
detected.
How procedures and other requirements could be better comm
understood and followed.
How illegal activities are identified and the experience of enfi
personnel in defining the information that is needed to identify such
Responses taken to address violators and why, and how effective I
been.
The need for formal and informal lines of communication and the
information and to whom it must be shared among law enforcement p
customs officials, environmental managers and environmental
domestically.
Types of bilateral and multilateral international cooperation and in
sharing and whether they have been useful. The level of cooper
information sharing between and among national enforcement orgc
necessary to support effective enforcement.
Design and implementation of waste tracking systems for trans
shipments and linkages of domestic systems to those of other nati
Recommendations for initiatives to fill gaps, identify the institutions ai
needed to facilitate effective enforcement and overcome particula
areas in enforcing these types of requirements
Workshop SB Compliance with International Environ
Agreements: Focusing on Montreal Proto
CITES: Illegal Shipments of CFC and Qthei
Depleting Substances and Illegal Tr
Endangered Species
Nations of the world have "thought globally" and now are needing to "act locally" tc
goals of international environmental agreements on such important issues as prc
the ozone layer, endangered species and other vital concerns. This workshop wil
those agreements which pose a compliance challenge in trying to stem the tide i
trade of valuable product whose potential for environmental harm is not felt Iocs
therefore more difficult to deter. This topic has been addressed at previous int
conferences, has been monitored by the Montreal Protocol Secretariat within U
specifically reviewed in a consultation of enforcement officials commissioned b
environmentleaders. The INECE partnership wishes* to make progress at this Fifth Ini
Conference workshop by defining specific measures that enforcement officials a
globe believe are needed to create a more effective deterrent.
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its but to focus workshop discussions, they will address the following issues:
The goals of Chlorofluorohydfocarboh (bFC) reduction along with other ozone
depleting substances and particular challenges control and reduction of CFCs
'.. ' in the marketplace' pose' to"enforcement programs "given'"the nature pf'the"
; market and regulated community] |
Types of programs countries have adopted to enforce CFCs in the marketplace,
successes arid failures, design of requirements to ensure enforceability,
promotion of compliance, compliance monitoring and inspection activities,
enforcement response, and levels of government involvement including
licensing of facilities and control and tracking of production, reuse, sale and
\ ,iv " disposal] ' " _' 'i" '" "^ i'''_ _ '' i "^ "^'"'"'"'' '' 2,""'','." ",'.,'" ' '' , ~",'"I
"' Review of other existing" International environmental" agreements ancTtHelr
implications for domestic and international enforcement
Experiences in enforcement of international environmental agreements,
'successes and failures " ' '
Ways violators are circumventing provisions of the Ocean Dumping, Clf ES
conventions and or other such agreements and how violators are being
,"',, detected. j
* The experience of enforcement personnel in the information that is needed to
identify such violators and what level of cooperation and information sharing
is needed between and among national enforcement organizations to satisfy
current needs for effective enforcement , 't , , ,
ซ The need for formal and informal lines of communication about what to whom
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among law enforcement personnel, customs officials, environmental managers
aricl environmental ehforcers^domesjlcally1 ancf iht'erhatiori'ally.'
Informal recommendations for initiatives to fil) gaps, identifying the institutions
and actions needed.
"I,,,!.-;*"1
Illegal Shipments of Dangerous Chemicals Including
Pesticides
lop 5C
ntion has been paid to enforcement of international environmental agreements and
imestic requirements governing the shipment of hazardous waste. Less attention
paid to issues related to enforcement of requirements'related to import and export of
s chemicals, including pesticides, that may hot qualify as hazardous waste under
nal conventions or perhaps are mischaracterized so as not covered by those
ris. Such materials thought to be raw materials, recycled and product which are
s. Such may be the case with pesticides, with recycled scrap metal which contains
e substances, etc. Discussions can draw upon the technical support document
or the Fourth International Conference on "Transboundary Illegal Trade in Potentially
,' ' ", ' " " i" ' SMI,;! T. .,"' ih .,'"'":" ; %:\'''n' v ji;;1" - . nil:,.!' ฃ
s (Waste, Pesticides, Ozone Depleting) Substances as well as several papers written
jrth International Conference (Proceedings'.' While there may be some overlap with
is held under workshop 5A, this workshop" has a different focus.
'Ti. J-!'
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FIFTH /INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEM
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
Kinds of controls that countries have adopted in regard to import a
of dangerous chemicals that are regulated outside of the framew<
Basel Convention. ;
Status of compliance with such requirements and kinds.of j
encountered in gaining compliance.
How nations are ensuring they know of shipments with potential envii
hazards.
Enforcement successes and failures and what factors contributed t<
or failure.
Identification of actions nations may be able to take to enhance the i
of information and successful detection and enforcement agair
shipments.
Workshop 5D International Enforcement Cooperation to
Shared Resources; and Prevent Transbo
Pollution
Many national borders follow along the course of important natural water bodies
natural features and resources. Efforts to protect these environments are either sup
undermined by the actions of other nations. Several examples around the world jllus
countries have embarked upon major efforts to define common goals for the qualit;
resources, to harmonize management and regulatory approaches. Consistent >
nation's sovereign rights a few of these efforts have followed through to actually c
enforcement priorities, sharing of information, cooperative inspections, and res
enforcement actions. This workshop will focus on the initiation and implemei
enforcement cooperation to protect shared resources and prevent transboundary p
Papers and workshop discussions will address the following issues:
Identification of where cooperative enforcement has been undertal<
The context within which these activities were planned and carriei
what factors led to the commitment to undertake these kinds of ac
other words, what the prerequisites were and whether there need
broader program of common goals for the resource before enf<
cooperation could be considered.
Options considered, reasons for the type of cooperation selected. D
should address issues considered such as confidentiality, rights t<
different environmental regulatory requirements and/or legal
resources, access to foreign courts.
Results and effectiveness of cooperative enforcement. What is its
and challenges that must be overcome for it to be more effective.
its limitations.
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l(l( I 111
I1 111
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International Scale
ise of targeting enforcementresources, such as inspection and enforcementresponse,
jre that scarce resources are employed for the greatest impact on short term
:e, longer term compliance through deterrence, and environmental results. This
will address the potential opportunities for international targeting schemes.
id workshop discussions will address the following issues:
, The potential purpose(s) of targeting| enforcement internationally oh particular
' economic sectors, pollutants, geographic areas, or types of violations.
TheI advantages and disadvantages of international targeting schemes.
1 For what types of activities and violations such schemes might be useful and
What is the expected impact.
How such targeting schemes might be developed.
:'. .''>'.* VVho'should be .involved; ', ' ., '
; -'. What information would be needed; ]
How decisions might be made, consensus, presentation of analysis,
etc.; and
How targeting can be communicated. '" "
What follow up activities should result from targeting and whether they should
be tracked and conimuriicated in some fashion.
If this is a good idea, what forum should be used or developed to pilot the
concept.
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#6
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Building Regional and Global Networks
oal of INECE is to foster regional enforcement networks to complement the global
g that has steadily expanded since the first workshop in Utrecht, the Netherlands in
lis first workshop expanded the bilateral exchanges between the U.S. EPA and the
ds Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment to 13 nations and
nal organizations. Participants agreed that dedicated programs for achieving
lental compliance and enforcement were essential parts of environmental
lent, that this should be a topic for discussion at the UNCED in 1992 and that a
Jonference should be organized in two years with broader sponsorship and
on. In 1992, participating countries worked to get supporting language in Agenda'
acity building from the UNCED, which empowered Utsl organizations to more actively
ompiiance and enforcement institution building activities. Shortly after the first
rial Enforcement Workshop, the European Commission and member states organized
ean Enforcement Network, IMPEL, in part inspired by exchangesat the first workshop.
:6nH Conference "in Budapest, Hungary in1992 participants from 38 countries and
:ions agreed upon principles, definitions and a framework for exchange and
an. The Regional Environmental Center helped to foster further exchanges among
intal and non-governmental officials within Central and Eastern Europe and UNEP
uropean Commission were added as co-sponsors.
I! i
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: i :
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEME
By the Third Conference in Oaxaca, Mexico in 1994, an expanded Executive I
Committee for the Conference supported development and delivery of more h
workshops to allowconferenceparticipantsto apply these basic principles to common p
explore special topics to build a base of information and knowledge in those areas an<
areas ripe for exchange. UNEP also completed reports on industrial compliance <
institution building workshop materials. At the Third Conference regional enfo
cooperation was described for North American under NAFTA as well as progres
European network. A plenary program panel on international networking and coc
was presented to stimulate interest to foster ongoing exchanges and capacity builc
regionallyand globally based upon natural partnershipsand common environmental ch,
Spontaneously during informal sessions, participants from the Americas developed the
Declaration, committing themselves to work together to establish a network for hi
build programs. Subsequently the Summit of the Americas has led to more formalize
to accomplish this. Finally, in 1994, UNEP and the People's Republic of China's
Environmental Protection Agency, organized an Asia regional workshop on ii
compliance using its draft UNEP workshop materials with representatives from 8 n
attendance.
The Fourth Conference was the first to structure regional meetings as part of th
conference program hoping to leave a lasting legacy from the series of conferences
regional mechanisms for continued exchange leading to appropriate median
cooperation and shared progress globally across regions that transcend the
conferences. At the Conference, six regional meetings resulted in recommend:
establish or strengthen such regional networks. Following the Fourth Conference an e
Executive Planning Committee decided to adopt a new banner for these cooperative i
INECE and to expand the support offered for ongoing exchange through a twic
Newsletter, revised and more accessible INTERNET homepage, developm
dissemination of a Brochure and a program to foster regional and global networking
The Fifth Conference is designed to provide the fertile ground and opportunity for pai
to adopt the most appropriate approaches for their own countries and regions.
Papers and presentations will describe international support networks for envirc
compliance and enforcement. Each paper and regional meeting will address, amon
the following issues:
The genesis of the network and how it was established.
What was/is involved in developing and maintaining the network.
Who is asked to participate and at v/hat levels in the organizations.
Subjects the network covers.
Vehicles used for exchange and means of communication used.
Topics on which exchange is taking place.
How the network overcomes differences in language and legal
definitions of terms such as what constitutes a hazardous waste.
Future directions and changes .anticipated for the network.
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Ill II 111 I II
..I
I" I
- "Si
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMH
MEMBERS OF THE INECE EXECUTIVE' PLANNING COMMUTE
Dr. Adegoke Adegoroye
Director General/CEO
Federal Environmental Protection Agency
Independence Way South Central Area
Garki Abuja PMB 265
Nigeria
Mrs. Costanza Adinolfi
Director of Directorate B -Environmental Instruments
DG XI
European Community
Rue de La Loi 200
B-1049 Brussels
Belgium
Mr. George Kremlis
Head of Unit, Legal Affairs
European Community
Avenue de Beaulieu 5
B-1160 Brussels
Belgium
Mrs. Jacqueline Alois! de Larderel
Director.UNEP.IE
United Nations Environment Program
39-43 Quai Andre Citroen
Tour Mirabeau
75739 Paris Cedex 15
France
Dr. Michael Axline
President
Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide - US Board
Professor, School of Law
1221 University of Oregon, 1101 Kincaid Street
Eugene, Oregon 97403-1221
USA
Mtro. Antonio Azuela
Federal Attorney for the Environment Protection
Insurgentes Sur No. 1480, 14ฐ Piso
Col. Barrio Actipan Del Benito Juarez,
Districto Federal
Mexico City 3230, Mexico
Mtra. Norma Munguia Aldaraca
International Affairs Coordinator, PROFEPA
Pfiriferico Sur. No. 5000
Tel: 234-9-234-2807
Fax: 234-1-585-1571
E-Mail:
Tel: 32-2-29-567-11
Fax: 32-2-29-688-26
E-Mail: Costanza.adinolfid
dg11.cec.be
Tel: 32-2-29-665-26
Fax: 32-2-29-910-70
E-Mail
Tel: 331-44-371441
Fax: 331-44-371474
E-Mail: j.aloisi@unep.fr
Tel: 1-541-346-3826
Fax: 1-541-346-1564
E-Mail: elawus@igc.apc.c
Tel: 525-524-21-25
Fax: 525-534-75-59
E-Mail: (See below)
Tel:
Fax:
525-528-55-15
525-528-55-15
-------
nan Kairbj tsormoon
General
Control Department
ion Yothin Center Building
ftrthin Road Sam Sen Nai Phayathai
10400, Thailand
itqi Cardenas
t Director, Office of the Undersecretary
Dnmental and Program Development
ent of Environment and Natural Resources
Xvenue, Quezon City
""35 "". " .;'. ' ' ,'
ma Ci/kova
)nal Projects Coordinator
of the Environment of the Czech Republic
Management Unit in Ostrava
m Hall
10 nam. 8 702 00 Ostrava
epublic
stopher Currie
lent Management Division
nent Canada
iceht Massey I7th Floor
'oseph Boulevard
3bec K1AOH3, Canada
Tel: 66-2-619-2316
Fax: 66-2-619-2275
E-Mail:
Tel: 63-2-928-4969
Fax: 63-2-926-5595
E-Mail:
Tel: 420-69-628-2362
Fax: 420-69-611-8798
E-Mail: cizkova@env.cz
Tel; 1-819-953-3882
Fax: 1-819-953-3459
E-Mail: chris.currie@ec.gc.ca
rigo Egana Baraona
e Director
Commission for the Environment
)onoso N. 6
Tel: 562-240-5600
Fax: 562-244-1262
E-Mail: (See below)
i i
Ill 111)
. Patricia Matus
ispo Donoso 6, Casilla 265
"itiago 55
itiago, Chile
ima EI-Kholy
dvisor
Environmental Affairs Agency
: 265, New Maadi
742, Egypt
Tel: 562-240-5600
Fax: 562-244-1262
E-Mai: pmatus@conama.cl
Tel: 20-2-352-1325
Fax: 20-2-378-0222
E-Mail: eeaa@idsc.gov.eg
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FIFTH (INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEf
Mr. J. William Futrell
President
Environmental Law Institute
1616 P Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, D.C. 20036, USA
Ms. Susan Casey-Lefkowitz
Co-Director
Environmental Program for
Central and Eastern Europe
Environmental Law Institute
1616 P Street, NW, Suite 200
Washington, D.C. 20036, USA
Mr. Marco Antonio Gonzalez Salazar
Vice Minister
Ministerio del Ambiente y Energia
Calle 25 Avenidas 8 y 10
San Jose, Costa Rica
Dr. Francois Hanekom
Deputy Director-General
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism
Private Bag X447
Pretoria 0001
South Africa
Mr. Steven A. Herman
Assistant Administrator
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW MC 2211 A
Washington, D.C. 20460
USA
Ms. Cheryl Wasserman
Associate Director for Policy Analysis
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, SW MC 2251 A
Washington, D.C. 20460
USA
Mr. Zbigniew Kamiehski
Deputy Chief Inspector for Environmental Protection
State Inspectorate for Environmental Protection
ill. Wawelska 52-54
Warsaw 00 922
Poland
Tel: 1-202-939-380C
Fax: 1-202-939-3868
E-Mail: futrell@eli.org
Tel: 1-202-939-386ฃ
Fax: 1-202-939-3866
E-Mail: casey@eli.org
Tel: 506-257-5658
Fax: 506-222-4580
E-Mail:
Tel: 27-12-310-3666
Fax: 27-12-322-9231
E-Mail: sek_rs@ozone.
pwv.gov.za
Tel: 202-564-2440
Fax: 202-501-3842
E-Mail: (See below)
Tel: 202-564-7129
Fax: 202-564-0070
E-Mail: wasserman.che
epamail.epa.go
Tel: 48-22-254-859
Fax: 48-22-254-129
E-Mail: gzbigkzm@piO!
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Ill
lana KravcnenKO
t, Ecopravo - Lviv
e Driiversity
etska Str. 1
000
Tel: 38-0322-722-746
Fax: 38-0322-271-446
E-Mail: epac@link.lviv.ua
1 1 ,,, lim.J
I, III!"
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11 ISP"'
":';_el lyiakarim
/liriister ' '
"hental Impact Management Agency""'
a Bldg 11th Floor, JL Jenderal Sudirman No. 2
10220, Indonesia
ando Shalders Neto
of Environmental Pollution Control
nia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental
Frederico Hermann Jr., 345
JO Sao Paulo
Tel: 62-21 -251 -1540
Fax: 62-21-251-1483
E^atl:
Tel: 55-11-210-7623
Fax: 55-11-813-2271
E-Mail:
lele de Nevers
Chief
ind Central Asia
"'id Bank
Jtfeet. N.W.
ton, D.C. 20433
Tel: 1-202-473-8607
Fax: 1-202-477-0816
E-Mail: mdeneversฎ
wbfldbank.org
; ill: !*!
i,"lEI'S,,- i > '" i "' ill! , Pi:']
iFifK, I" L! "'ViR
, Jean Aden, Asia
. Theresa Serra, Latin America
. Jean Roger Mercier, Africa
Charles di Leva, Law and Legal Systems
Tel: 1-202-458-2749
Fax: 1-202-522-1664,
E-Mail: jadenigwoflcibahk'.org
Tel: 1-202-473-5754
Fax: 1-202-522-3540
E-Mail: tserra@worldbank.org
Tel: 1-202-473-5565
Fax: 1-202-473-8185
E-Mail: jmercier@worldbank.org
Tel: 1-202-458-1745
Fax: 1-202-522-1573
E-Mail: cdileva@wbrldbankl6rg
Abdul Rasol
Tel: 60-8-241-8535
=nt of Environment, Sarawak Fax: 60-8-242-2863
Bangunan Sultan Iskandar Jalan Simpang Tiga E-Mail: pasar@po.jaring.my
jching, Sarawak
II
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111 1l II
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FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEME
Dr. Babu Sengupta
Sr. Scientist in Charge
Implementation and Enforcement Division
Central Pollution Control Board
Parivesh Bhawan
C.B.D Office Complex East Arjun Nagar
New Delhi 110032
India
Dr. David Slater
Director
Pollution Prevention & Control
Environment Agency
Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec West
Almondsbury Bristol BS12 4UD
United Kingdom
Mr. Martyn Cheesbrough
Senior Inspector
Environment Agency
Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec West
Almondsbury Bristol BS12 4UD
United Kingdom
Dr. Pal Varga
Head of Department for European Integration and
International Cooperation
Ministry of Environment and Regional Policy
P.O. Box 351
1394 Budapest
Hungary
Mr. Pieter J. Verkerk
Inspector General
Inspectorate for the Environment / IPC 680
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning
and the Environment
Rijnstraat 8, 2515 XP The Hague
P.O. Box 30945, 2500 GX The Hague
The Netherlands
Mr. Jo Gerardu
Head of Division
Strategy, Planning and Control
Inspectorate for the Environment / IPC 680
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning
and the Environment
Rijnstraat 8, 2515 XP The Hague
P.O. Box 30945, 2500 GX The Hague
Tel:
Fax:
E-Mail:
91-11-2221995
91-11-2217079
or 2204948
Tel: 44-1454-62-4065
Fax: 44-1454-62-4409
E-Mail: slater@ruxton.
demon.co.uk
Tel: 44-1454-62-4400
Fax: 44-1454-62-4409
E-Mail
Tel: 361-201-3843
Fax: 361-201-2846
E-Mail:
Tel: 31-70339-4621
Fax: 31-70339-1298
E-Mail: verkerk@IMH-Hl.l
minvrom.nl
Tel: 31-70-339-2536
Fax: 31-70-339-1300
E-Mail: Gerardu@IMH-HI
DGM.minvrom.nl
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i. 'lllhi 1. jL'Inri, .1'
I'lllllhllllli'' , ii,'!l!lu
r. Ko'ben
spector, International Affairs
inistry of Housing, Spatial Planning
id the Environment
jissingel 4, P.O. Box 394
130 AJ Middelburg
je Netherlands
igjun Zhang
Director, Legislative Office of
mental Protection & Natural Resources
/ation Committee
lao Min Xiarig
100805
s Republic of China
Tel: 31-11-863-3792
Fax: 31-11-862-4126
E-Mail: Glaser@IMH-HI.
DGM.minvrom.nl
Tel: 86-10-6309-5155
Fax: 86-10-6494-2153
E-Mail: zhanghj@pcux.
ied.ac.cn
EXECUTIVE PLANNING COMMITTEE STAFF
Serardu
eryl Wasserman
Head of Division Strategy, Planning and Control,
VROM, The Netherlands
Associate Director for Policy Analysis, Office of
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, USEPA
'" ili UN ' 'i. nil!
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FIFTH fNTERNAnoNAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEI
PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONFERENCE SUPPORT
Mr. Jo Gerardu
Co-staff, INECE Executive Planning Committee Tel: 31-70-339-2536
Head of Divison Fax: 31-70-339-1300
Strategy, Planning and Control E-Mail: Gerardu@IMH-H
Inspectorate for the Environment / IPC 680 DGM.minvrom.nl
Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment
Rijnstraat 8, 2515 XP The Hague
P.O. Box 30945
2500 GX The Hague
The Netherlands
Ms. Cheryl Wasserman
Co-staff, INECE Executive Planning Committee Tel: 202-564-7129
Associate Director for Policy Analysis Fax: 202-564-0070
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance E-Mail: wasserman.cher
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency epamail.epa.gov
401 M Street, SW, MC 2251 A
Washington, D.C. 20460
USA
Consultants
Science Applications International Corporation Tel: 1-703-917-7952
(SAIC) , Fax: 1-703-917-1672
7600-A Leesburg Pike E-Mail: mozingo@saic.o
Falls Church, VA 22043
USA
Ms. Susan Casey-Lefkowitz
Co-Director Tel: 1-202-939-3865
Environmental Program for Central & Eastern Europe Fax: 1-202-939-3868
Environmental Law Institute E-Mail: casey@eli.org
1616 P Street, NW Suite 200
Washington, D.C. 20036, USA
Consultant
Ms. Shari Oley
President Tel: 1-301-946-7879
ESA, Inc. Fax: 1-301-946-8984
11501 Georgia Avenue, suite 405 E-Mail: oley_s_ESA@m.'
Wheaton, MD 20902
USA
Consultant
Dr. Kenneth Rubin
President Tel: 1-301-657-7532
Apogee Research, Inc. Fax: 1-301-654-9355
4650 East West Highway E-Mail: rubin@apogee-u
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