United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Enforcement and
Compliance Assurance (2201 A)
Washington, DC 20460
EPA305-R-01-003
November 2001
Providing Safe Drinking
Water In America
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Table of Contents
1999 National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance
Introduction 1
PWS Compliance 1
Findings 2
Data Quality 7
Enforcement and Compliance Assistance Programs 8
Information on and Evaluation of State Reports 8
State-by-State Summaries 9
Conclusions and Activities to Address Recommendations 9
1999 National Summary of Compliance for Public Water Systems in Indian Country
Introduction 13
Public Water Systems on Indian Reservations 13
Public Water Systems in Alaska and Oklahoma 13
Data Quality 13
Findings 13
Compliance Assistance and Enforcement 15
Financial Assistance 15
Conclusions and Recommendations 17
Appendix A
Glossary of Terms A-l
Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports B-l
Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands C-l
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Table of Contents Page 1 * November 2001
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1999 National Summary of
Public Water Systems Compliance
INTRODUCTION
The National Public Water Systems Compliance
Report for 1999 describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its
state partners are meeting the goal of ensuring
that Americans receive safe drinking water from
public water systems. The report also discusses
the data we use to measure our success and the
progress we are making in our efforts to increase
its reliability and completeness.
EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report for every calendar year. The
report is an annual summary of violations at the
nation's public water systems. The report also
summarizes and evaluates annual reports
prepared by the states.1
Public Water Systems
A Public Water System (PWS) is a system for the
provision to the public of water for human
consumption through pipes or other constructed
conveyances, if such system has at least fifteen
service connections or regularly serves at least 25
individuals at least 60 days out of the year. A public
water system can be one of three types:
Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15
service connections or 25 people year-round in
their primary residences.
Non-transient Non-community Systems
(NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same
persons over six months per year (e.g., schools
or factories that have their own water source).
Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS)
serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25)
over six months per year (e.g., campgrounds or
highway rest stops that have their own water
source).
The first part of this report draws information
from the Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPAs
national database, to provide a national picture
of the maximum contaminant level, treatment
technique, significant monitoring and reporting,
and variance or exemption violations the states
reported to EPA for 1999. EPA aggregates all
reported violations at all public water systems in
states, commonwealths, territories and
throughout Indian country to present a national
summary of all violations, all monitoring and
reporting violations, and all violations of health-
based standards at the different kinds of public
water systems.
The second part of this report presents
information on public water systems throughout
Indian country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A.
Summaries and evaluations of the states' annual
public water systems reports for 1999 are
presented in Appendix B.
PWS COMPLIANCE
This report uses information from SDWIS/FED,
the national database where EPA records
information the states are required to report
about their public water systems. For the
national public water system compliance reports,
EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations
of primary drinking water regulations that
specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a
contaminant in water that is delivered to any
user of a public water system (Maximum
Contaminant Level or MCL); 2) techniques for
treating water to make it safe; and 3) monitoring
and reporting requirements (how and when water
must be tested and the results reported).
The term "state" includes 56 states, commonwealths, and territories. All but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have
federal approval to Implement the drinking water program within their jurisdictions. Federal approval to Implement the
drinking water program Is called primary enforcement authority, or "primacy." During calendar year 1999, EPA Implemented
the drinking water program In Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout Indian country and was responsible for
reporting the violations In these jurisdictions to SDWIS/FED.
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How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe?
Information Sent to Customers:
Consumer Confidence Report Every community
water system is required to send its customers (each
service connection) a yearly report identifying the
contaminants detected in its water and the risks of
exposure to those contaminants.
Public Notification Rule Public water systems must
notify their customers if there has been a violation of
drinking water standards.
Information on the Internet:
Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) -
provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act,
individual water systems, contaminants that may be in
drinking water, and what individuals can do to help
protect sources of their drinking water.
Additional Information:
Call the community water system Billing statements
should provide a number to call with questions.
State Public Water Systems Compliance Report -
Each state's annual report discusses the violations at its
public water systems. Most state reports include a list
of violating facilities.
National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
(this report) summarizes all reported violations at
America's public water systems.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) -
answers questions about drinking water, lets callers
order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA
experts if they need more information.
Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) -
allows the public to access EPA databases containing
information on environmental activities that may affect
air, water, and land anywhere in the United States.
As EPA reported in its Data Reliability Analysis
of the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED) (EPA 816-
R-00-020, October 2000), the data in SDWIS/FED
are generally accurate. This is particularly true of
data related to the number of public water
systems, their size, and their type. However,
EPAs analysis revealed that many states did not
report some apparent violations either to their
own data systems or to EPAs SDWIS/FED.
Although states have corrected the data
omissions EPAs analysis discovered, EPA and the
states are engaged in further data quality efforts
to ensure that all violations are identified and
reported to SDWIS/FED. Because these ongoing
efforts will result in significant corrections and
additions to the data in SDWIS/FED, this 1999
report offers broad national findings rather than
detailed analysis.
Discussions of data quality concerns and EPAs
recommendations appear later in this report.
FINDINGS
In 1999, 167,564 public water systems
together served 275 million users. The actual
number of individuals served was smaller,
because millions of Americans drank water
from, and were counted as users by more than
one public water system during the course of
the year.
Percentage of Systems by Type
i Transient Non-Community
] Community
] Non-Transient Non-Community
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1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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54,101 community water systems served
more than 256 million people in their
primary residences.
20,429 non-transient non-community
systems (schools, factories) served almost 7
million people in places they frequented.
93,034 transient non-community systems
(campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a
constantly changing user base of more than
12 million people.
Most public water systems were small, but
large systems served a majority of the people
who drank water from a public water system.
Size vs. Users Served2
95%
PWS with Violations
Small Systems Large Systems
Percentage of Systems
Percentage of Users Served
95% of America's public water systems
(including nearly all of the transient non-
community systems) served 3,300 or fewer
users. Together, these 159,219 small systems
provided service to 15% of all users.
2% of America's public water systems served
more than 10,000 users. Together, these
3,744 large systems provided service to 76%
of all users.
SDWIS/FED recorded no significant violations
for most of America's public water systems.
78% of the public water systems in America
collected and tested the required samples
and filed the required reports without
reporting a violation.
No Violation
Violation of Some Kind
The states reported either a health-based
violation or a significant monitoring and
reporting violation at approximately 36,000
public water systems in 1999.
Slightly more than 23,000 (64%) of these
systems were non-community water systems,
all but fifty of which served fewer than 3,300
users. Together, these violating small non-
community water systems served drinking
water to 3 million users.
91% of the approximately 13,000 community
water systems with a violation served fewer
than 3,300 users. Together, these violating
small community water systems served
drinking water to 4.5 million users.
Because only 3% of public water systems are "medium" in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because only
9% of the population is served by them, this report omits discussion of "medium" systems.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
Page 3
November 2001
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Most Americans received drinking water from
public water systems that recorded no
significant violations in 1999.
Percentage of Users Served by PWS
without Reported Significant Violation
Type of Violation
Users Served by System without Violation
Users Served by System with Violation
84% of the population served by public water
systems received drinking water from a
system that neither reported a violation of a
health-based standard nor was cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement.
84% of the population served by community
water systems received drinking water from
a system that neither reported a violation of a
health-based standard nor was cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement.
The vast majority of the 85,476 violations the
states reported to SDWIS/FED in 1999 were
for a public water system's significant failure
to monitor and report, rather than health-
based MCL or treatment technique violations
detected and reported by a system.
Monitoring and Reporting
Health-Based
If a system did not monitor the quality of its
water, it is impossible to know if it has
violated a health-based requirement. For this
reason, a system's significant failure to
monitor and report is a major violation that
must be addressed and corrected.
51% of the 71,410 significant monitoring and
reporting violations reported by the states
were violations of the monitoring and
reporting requirements of the Total Coliform
Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes
of public water systems.
94% of America's public water systems
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 1999.
PWS with Health-Based Violations
Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations
Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations
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1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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Health-Based Violations and Illness
It is important to note that a public water system's
violation of a health-based standard does not mean
that the people who drank the system's water got
sick. A health-based violation means either that the
system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged
as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system
has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has
judged necessary to protect its users from an
unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the
regulated contaminant is present in source water.
Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting
from health-based violations, among them the
duration of the violation, whether or not the violation
occurred in an isolated section of a complex public
water system, and the extent to which contamination
exceeds the allowable level. While modern treatment
systems have substantially reduced the incidence of
waterborne disease, drinking water contamination
remains a significant health risk management
challenge. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) indicate that between 1980 and 1998 there
were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to contamination
in drinking water resulting in an estimated 511,000
cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996; Levy et
al., 1998; Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of
outbreaks in the U.S. occurred at surface water
systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness
were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium
outbreak in Milwaukee, Wl, which resulted in an
estimated 403,000 cases (MacKenzie et al. 1994;
McDonald etal. 2001).
The number of waterborne disease outbreaks
identified and reported in the CDC database is
believed, however, to understate the actual incidence
of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and
Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997).
Recognized and reported waterborne disease
outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to
waterborne pathogens that cause acute
gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal
discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such
illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy
people, many individuals experiencing these
symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where
medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may
not be identified through routine testing.
Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a
community or, if recognized, are not traced to a
drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but
probably significant portion of waterborne disease is
endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an
outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to
recognize.
EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide
an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy
people, but also for populations that are at greater
risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive
subpopulations include children (especially the very
young), the elderly, the malnourished, pregnant
women, the disease impaired (e.g., diabetes, cystic
fibrosis), and a broad category of those with
compromised immune systems, such as AIDS
patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g.,
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple
sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on
chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised
persons are more likely than healthy individuals to
contract waterborme disease, the severity and
duration of their illness is often greater, and they are
at a greater risk of death.
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The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total
Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based
standard most frequently violated.
Percentage of Health-Based
Violations by Rule
Chem TCR LCR SWTR
Percentage of Health-Based Violations
SDWIS/FED recorded 14,066 violations of
health-based standards in 1999. 70% of these
violations were violations of the MCL for the
Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be
met by all types and sizes of public water
systems.3
No violations of variances or exemptions were
reported to SDWIS/FED during 1999.
Under Federal law, states can grant variances
or exemptions to public water systems in
limited circumstances allowing them to install
alternative technology or giving them more
time to meet a standard if public health is
adequately protected in the interim. Few
public water systems were operating under a
variance or exemption in 1999, and only four
new variances or exemptions were granted
during the year. The states did not report any
violations.
EPA and its state partners continue to take
enforcement actions against violators.4
During 1999, the 54 states (a term that included
states, commonwealths, and territories) with
federal approval to implement the drinking water
program were also responsible for initiating
enforcement actions in response to drinking
water violations at public water systems in their
jurisdictions. EPA implemented the drinking
water program in Wyoming, the District of
Columbia, and in Indian country. The Agency
initiated enforcement responses in these areas
and, occasionally, in the states sometimes at a
state's invitation. Together, EPA and the states
initiated almost 1,500 formal enforcement
actions, each action potentially addressing
multiple violations.
In 1999, the states issued a total of 1,211
formal enforcement actions, including 808
administrative orders without penalty, 337
administrative orders with penalty, and 66
civil referrals to the state's Attorneys General.
During the same period, EPA issued a total of
221 formal enforcement actions, including
213 Federal administrative orders, five
consent orders with penalties, and three
referrals for civil judicial action.
These totals do not take into account the
informal enforcement actions or the public water
systems that returned to compliance before EPA
and state procedures would require initiation of a
formal response.
Perhaps the most meaningful way to measure the
effectiveness of the EPA and state enforcement
partnership is to compare the number of new
significant noncompliers in 1999 to the number
of significant noncompliers that remained
unaddressed at the end of the year. EPA
For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical
contaminants (Chem) violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants
compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed
sample resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper
(LCR); and 4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in
drinking water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes.
There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal
enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns
the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal
enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations in a
single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one reporting
year are generally not initiated until early in the following year.
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1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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designates a public water system a significant
noncomplier if the system has serious, frequent
or persistent violations that may pose a threat to
public health. States and EPA give significant
noncompliers priority attention in their efforts to
return violators to compliance and address
violations with enforcement actions.
In calendar year 1999, EPA designated 5,571
public water systems significant
noncompliers. Most (98%) of these significant
noncompliers served fewer than 3,300 users.
Between January 1 and December 31, 1999,
states and EPA addressed 6,410 significant
noncompliers; 3,569 (64%) of the significant
noncompliers that were new to 1999 and
2,841 from prior years.5 Only 23 of the new
significant noncompliers that remained
unaddressed at the end of 1999 served
10,000 or more users.
At the end of 1999, there were 2,002 new and
1,447 old significant violators that had not
been addressed. Fewer than 3% of these
unaddressed significant noncompliers served
3,300 or more users.
DATA QUALITY
The data used in this report came from EPAs
national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is
composed of data that states are required to
submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter. EPA uses
information in SDWIS/FED to assess progress in
the implementation of regulations, to develop
national enforcement and compliance priorities,
and to provide information to the public.
EPA periodically conducts data verifications
(independent, on-site audits) of state drinking
water programs to ensure that the state is
determining compliance in accordance with
Federal regulations. Data verifications help detect
differences between data in a state's files
(whether electronic or hard copy), and data in
SDWIS/FED.
As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts
described in past National Public Water Systems
Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of
data verifications conducted from 1996 through
1998. Those audits, which covered 27 states
(including one where EPA itself administers the
drinking water program) and one territory,
analyzed data from almost 1,800 public water
systems. The data audits reviewed inventory
information (identifying systems, their number,
their size, and their type), apparent violations
that either were reported or should have been
reported, and any enforcement actions initiated.
EPAs review showed that information the states
reported to SDWIS/FED is generally very
accurate. Most of the SDWIS/FED data problems
EPA identified were instances where required
data did not appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA found
that a small percentage of this incompleteness is
because SDWIS/FED will accept only properly
transferred data. Most of the incompleteness
resulted from states not reporting all of the
apparent violations at their public water systems.
EPAs analysis of the data verifications found:
96% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was
accurate and complete.
The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations
data is moderately high (estimated at 68%)
for the Total Coliform Rule standard, but is
very low for other health-based standards
and for monitoring and reporting.
Most of the discrepancies between apparent
and reported violations are because of
unrecorded and unreported violations. This
accounts for 56% of all discrepancies related
to maximum contaminant level violations,
83% of discrepancies related to Surface Water
Treatment Rule treatment technique
violations, and 94% of all discrepancies
related to monitoring and reporting
violations.
Only 10% of apparent monitoring and
reporting violations had been reported to
SDWIS/FED.
55% of the apparent MCL violations had been
reported to SDWIS/FED.
SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete
information on 72% of the enforcement
actions found in the states' records.
EPAs review found that most of the discrepancies
seem to have resulted from a state's differing
5 Public water systems designated significant noncompliers late in the year are typically addressed early in the next year.
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interpretation of what a regulation required. EPA
found no information suggesting that unreported
violations resulted in negative health effects. The
states have submitted corrected information to
SDWIS/FED, and EPA and the states have worked
to address the violations discovered by this
analysis.
EPA continues to work with all of its state
partners to identify and resolve any problems
that may have produced data discrepancies in the
past and to ensure that complete and accurate
documentation is available to help assess the
safety of our nation's drinking water.
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
States and EPA engage in a variety of activities to
help public water systems remain in and return
to compliance, including formal enforcement
actions, informal actions, and compliance and
technical assistance. State and EPA compliance
assistance efforts may include:
conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys
at public water systems (i.e., an on-site
review of the water sources, facilities,
equipment, operations, and maintenance to
evaluate their adequacy in producing and
distributing safe drinking water);
helping systems invest in preventive
measures;
providing financial assistance for system
improvements through the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund and other State funding
programs;
reviewing water system plans and
specifications;
conducting training sessions;
holding public information meetings;
lending specialized monitoring equipment;
and
publishing informational bulletins and
newsletters on training events and other
educational opportunities.
When a drinking water violation is detected, EPA
guidelines require a response from the primacy
agency as a condition of funding. Acceptable
responses include a variety of formal and
informal actions as the state or EPA attempts to
return a violating public water system to
compliance as quickly as possible.
Generally, the primacy agency's first responses to
violations are informal actions, such as:
reminder letters;
warning letters;
notices of violation;
field visits; and
telephone calls.
If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy
agency must initiate a formal enforcement
response that requires the violating public water
system to return to compliance. Formal
enforcement responses include:
citations;
administrative orders with or without
penalties;
civil referrals to state attorneys general or to
the Department of Justice;
other sanctions such as denying permission
for system expansion; and
filing criminal charges.
If a situation poses an imminent risk to public
health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency
order that requires the public water system to
take the steps necessary to protect public health
and return the system to compliance.
INFORMATION ON AND
EVALUATION OF STATE REPORTS
EPA reviewed each 1999 annual state report to
determine if it met the requirements of the 1996
Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state
reports are summarized in Table B-l in
Appendix B. Table B-l shows whether a state:
submitted a report to EPA;
included all required elements;
satisfied its statutory requirement to publish
and distribute summaries of the report that
inform the public of the availability of the full
report;
identified the size and type of violating
systems;
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discussed the compliance assistance and
enforcement activities the state undertook in
response to violations;
included a list of PWSs with MCL or
treatment technique violations, as EPA
recommended in its guidance to states on
preparing their reports;
provided information to the public on
availability of the reports; and
included additional information of interest to
the public, such as the number of public
water systems in the state, their sizes and
types, and background on the Safe Drinking
Water Act and its implementation.
STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES
EPA provides a state-by-state summary of
information reported in each state report in
Appendix B. The standardized format includes
an overall summary of the violations data the
Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report
(i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment
technique violations, significant monitoring and
reporting violations, and variances and
exemptions). The summary for each state also
tells how to obtain a copy of the state's full
report.
In some instances, the data reported by a state in
July of 1999 may not agree with data currently in
SDWIS/FED. EPAs and the states' continual
efforts to ensure that the information in the
SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible
may have resulted in updates and corrections to
the data since the state published its report.
CONCLUSIONS AND ACTIVITIES TO
ADDRESS RECOMMENDATIONS
A large majority of Americans received water
from systems which reported no violations of
health-based standards, and for which the states
reported no significant violations of monitoring
and reporting requirements.
There are significant differences in the numbers
of violations reported in 1998 and 1999, most
notably a 17% overall reduction in violations. In
1999, public water systems did a much better
job of testing their water and reporting the
results. The number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements fell by
almost 15,000 a 17% decrease in violations
between 1998 and 1999. Even with more diligent
monitoring, America's public water systems
detected and reported 2,204 fewer violations of
health-based standards in 1999 a 14%
decrease from 1998.
While the data indicate improved compliance at
America's public water systems, the Total
Coliform Rule remains, by far, the rule most
frequently violated. This rule, which applies to all
sizes and types of public water systems, was also
the most violated rule in 1996, 1997, and 1998.
The 36,578 significant violations of monitoring
and reporting requirements of the Total Coliform
Rule represent 51% of all significant monitoring
and reporting violations reported by states in
1999. The 9,867 violations of the health-based
standards for the Total Coliform Rule represent
70% of all reported violations of health-based
standards in 1999. Even if significant violations
of the monitoring and reporting provisions of the
Total Coliform Rule are down 15% at community
water systems, and violations of the rule's health-
based standards have decreased by 19%, there
still is much that can be done to safeguard our
nation's drinking water.
The following recommendations were
incorporated into EPAs enforcement and
compliance assurance program planning for
Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address violations of MCL and
treatment technique requirements.
EPA designated compliance with the SDWA
microbial rules (the Total Coliform Rule and the
Surface Water Treatment Rule) as a national
priority for its enforcement and compliance
assurance program for Fiscal Years 2000 and
2001.
In 2000 and 2001, EPA Regions are working with
states to evaluate how well public water systems,
especially large systems, comply with the
microbial rules and whether enforcement actions
are being initiated when appropriate. Regions
and states are also identifying and evaluating
microbial risks to watersheds in an attempt to
focus enforcement and compliance efforts on
ensuring the safety of drinking water sources.
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Considerable effort will also be devoted to
training and compliance assistance. EPA will
work to build the capacity of small public water
systems and Indian tribes to maintain
compliance both with established rules and with
new microbial rules such as the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the
Ground Water Rule.
With respect to the rest of the drinking water
program, states and EPA are continuing their
efforts to implement the recommendations of the
1996 and 1997 national public water system
reports:
EPA provides funding to support nine
technology assistance centers that help small
systems with training, technical assistance,
and technology demonstrations.
States and EPA help promote compliance
with existing drinking water requirements by
conducting numerous assistance activities,
such as on-site visits and the development
and distribution of easy-to-read guides and
checklists.
EPA funding established and maintains the
Local Government Environmental Assistance
Network (LGEAN), a source of free
information on current and developing SDWA
requirements (as well as technical assistance,
peer counseling, and financial guidance).
LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at
www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-
TO-LGEAN (865-4326).
States worked with EPA to ensure community
water systems sent consumers the first
Annual Consumer Confidence Reports in
1999, allowing the public to monitor the
performance of local water systems.
Revisions to the Public Notification Rule
mean that public water systems will send
their customers more timely notification of
drinking water violations.
EPA is developing a list of approved
compliance technologies that will allow small
systems more flexibility in treating drinking
water while still providing adequate public
health protection.
The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement
actions against violating public water systems
both to discourage violations and to level the
playing field for systems that devote
resources to maintaining compliance.
EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders
should continue to work cooperatively to
improve the quality of compliance data.
Since September 1998, the findings and
recommendations of the national public water
systems reports have been incorporated into
EPAs ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of
data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report,
EPA noted that compliance data in many
individual state reports differed from the data
reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states,
and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our
data quality goal should be "100% complete,
accurate, and timely data submitted by public
water systems and primacy agencies, consistent
with SDWA reporting requirements." Further
analysis and discussions among the stakeholders
led to establishment of interim milestones for
how soon that goal will be achieved.
EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders
made significant progress on most of the data
recommendations of the earlier national reports
in some instances achieving full
implementation. Among the major
accomplishments, EPA has:
improved the display of drinking water data
in Envirofacts;
characterized and quantified the data quality
problem;
taken interim steps to improve data quality,
including improvements to the data entry
tools states use to put information in
SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism
that enables water systems to confirm the
accuracy of data before it is accepted by
SDWIS/FED; and
made a long-term commitment to achieve and
maintain data quality goals.
More remains to be done to achieve the goal of
100% accurate, complete, and timely
information. Some of the next steps EPA, states,
and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed
to undertake include:
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streamlining data reporting and reducing rule
complexity;
conducting more training to ensure regulatory
staff can accurately determine compliance
with drinking water rules and data entry staff
can upload complete and accurate data to
SDWIS/FED;
making SDWIS/FED error reports more user
friendly and understandable to state drinking
water managers;
encouraging states to issue annual reminders
to water systems of their compliance
monitoring schedules;
providing states with individual, prioritized
recommendations for improving their data
quality;
performing more frequent data verification
audits; and
calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data
quality every 3 years, or more frequently if
data from a sufficient number of data
verifications are available.
Page 11
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List of Tables
Table 1: Number of Public Water Systems on Tribal Lands with Violations by Rule 16
Table A-l: Significant Monitoring Violations for Annual State Public Water System Reports A-4
Table A-2: Summary of Drinking Water Regulations for Public Water Systems During 1999 A-5
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States B-4
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1999 National Summary of Compliance for
Public Water Systems in Indian Country
INTRODUCTION
This section of the 1999 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are
meeting the goal of ensuring that public water
systems in Indian country provide safe drinking
water.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS ON
INDIAN RESERVATIONS
Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary
enforcement responsibility (known as primacy) to
administer the drinking water program provided
they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and
1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As
of 1999, only the Navajo Nation has received
primacy. EPA, therefore, administers the drinking
water program in Indian country, including on
Indian reservations.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by
this report appears in Appendix C.
this section of the report, should continue to be
included in state reports. EPA intends to address
this issue in the next report.
DATA QUALITY
This report uses information from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System/Federal
Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national
database where EPA records information on
public water systems in Indian country. Public
water systems in Indian country are required to
report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the
information to determine compliance with the
national primary drinking water regulations of
SDWA.
This report also discusses the limitations in the
data EPA uses to measure its success and the
steps it is taking to increase data reliability and
completeness. The report also discusses the
Agency's compliance assistance, enforcement,
and financial assistance programs. EPA plans to
continue its data quality efforts during 2000 to
ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and
accurate information.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA
Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages and
tribes in Oklahoma are not included in this
section of the report; they can be found in the
Alaska and Oklahoma state reports. In addition,
it is possible that some other tribal systems are
not included in this section; they can also be
found in other state reports. The state reports do
not, however, contain separate information on
tribal public water systems. As a result,
comprehensive information on these systems is
not covered in either the tribal or state section of
the report.
EPA plans to review whether information on
public water systems serving Alaska Native
Villages and tribes in Oklahoma, as well as any
other tribal systems not currently addressed in
FINDINGS
In 1999, 981 public water systems in Indian
country served approximately 513,719 users.
748 community water systems served more
than 410,385 people in their primary
residences.
91 non-transient non-community systems
(schools and factories) served a constantly
changing audience of more than 30,509
people.
142 transient non-community systems
(campgrounds and highway rest stops) served
more than 72,825 people who passed
through.
-------
Percentage of Systems by Type
Community
D Transient Non-Community
Non-Transient Non-Community
Almost all public water systems in Indian
country were small. These small systems
provide drinking water to the majority of the
public who drank water on Indian
reservations.
98% of public water systems in Indian
country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These
957 small systems served 66% of the people
who received water from public water
systems on Indian reservations.
SDWIS/FED records no violations for most
public water systems in Indian country.
Systems with Violations
750 of 981 public water systems had no
reported health-based or significant reporting
violations.
95% of public water systems in Indian country
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 1999.
Percentage of Health-Based Violations
by Rule
100%
93%
No Reported Violations
Violations of Some Kind
2%
.^^^^_
Chem TCR LCR SWTR
Percentage of Health-Based Violations
88 health-based violations in Indian country
were reported to SDWIS/FED in 1999. The
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for the
Total Coliform Rule was the health-based
standard most frequently violated.
The vast majority of violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 1999 were for a public water
system's significant failure to monitor and
report, rather than for a health-based MCL or
a treatment technique violation detected and
reported.
Of the 2,480 violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 1999, 2,392 (96%) were
significant violations of monitoring and
reporting requirements. If a system did not
monitor the quality of its water, it is
impossible to know if it has violated health-
based requirements.
Public water systems in Indian country
represent 0.6% of all public water systems in
the United States but were responsible for
3.0% of all monitoring and reporting
violations at public water systems reported to
SDWIS/FED in 1999.
Page 14
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
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Type of Violation
Health-based
Monitoring and Reporting
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
AND ENFORCEMENT
EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public
water systems in Indian country comply with
SDWA regulations.
EPAs tribal compliance assistance program is
designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA
by building cooperative working relationships
with utility managers, operators, other tribal
environmental staff, and tribal elected officials.
The program emphasizes information exchanges,
operation assistance, and water quality
monitoring.
EPA gives information and assistance directly to
tribal public water system operators, utility
managers, and owners through training sessions,
newsletters, telephone support, and system visits.
On-site technical assistance is provided by
engineers and qualified staff who work with
tribes to assess current compliance status,
develop monitoring schedules and compliance
plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA
coordinates many of these activities with other
federal agencies, including the Indian Health
Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.
Coordination also occurs with non-governmental
organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including
the Native American Water Association, the Rural
Water Association, and the Rural Community
Assistance Corporation.
EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement
actions against owners or operators of public
water systems in Indian country if a system is not
in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA
relies on compliance assistance and informal
enforcement actions to facilitate a tribally owned
or managed public water system's return to
compliance. When a formal enforcement action is
appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative
orders, including emergency administrative
orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the
Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the
Administration of Environmental Programs on
Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy) guides
the Agency's approach to bringing civil
administrative or judicial enforcement actions
against systems owned or managed by tribal
governments.
Public water systems are required to monitor for
89 different contaminants and conduct analyses
using a variety of EPA-approved analytical
methods. Where a system fails to perform some
or all of the required monitoring, a separate
monitoring and reporting violation is recorded
for each missed contaminant.
Table 1 shows the number of compliance
assistance and enforcement activities directed
toward public water systems in Indian country.
The information is drawn both from SDWIS/FED
and separate records maintained by some EPA
Regions. EPA Regions are only required to report
to SDWIS/FED on violations and formal
enforcement actions related to the resolution of
violations of SDWA; these data are, however,
currently incomplete. Some EPA Regions
maintain separate records that contain
information on both formal and informal
enforcement actions and compliance assistance
activities.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
EPA provides financial assistance to public water
systems in Indian country to help build tribal
capacity to operate and maintain systems in
compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a
long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes
grants, training, and technical assistance as they
develop their environmental programs. EPAs own
General Assistance Program builds tribal
capacity by providing grants to develop core
environmental activities, including drinking water
programs.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
Page 15
November 2001
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TABLE 1: NUMBER OF PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS
ON TRIBAL LANDS WITH VIOLATIONS BY RULE
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS AND VIOLATIONS
Total Number of Public Water Systems
Total Number of Public Water Systems with Violations
Total Number of Violations
TOTAL NUMBER
981
231
2,480
COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITY
Federal Administrative Order issued
Federal Compliance Achieved
Federal 1431 (Emergency) Order
Federal Voluntary Reminder Notice
Federal Compliance Meeting Conducted
Federal Technical Assistance Visit
Federal Site Visit (including sanitary surveys)
Federal Public Notification Requested
Federal Public Notification Issued
Federal Public Notification Received
Federal Boil Water Order
SDWIS/FED
1
0
0
157
7
16
0
1
1
43
7
SUPPLEMENTAL
1
0
1
327
499
502
120
10
2
15
15
EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking
water program priorities. About $2.7 million (3%
of the set-aside of public water systems
appropriations) was allotted for implementing the
Tribal Public Water System Supervision Program
in fiscal year 1998. Through this program, EPA
awarded a number of grants to tribes and tribal
organizations to address various aspects of the
drinking water program.
In addition to the 3% set-aside, EPA received
$3.8 million in fiscal years 1998 and 1999 for
drinking water needs on Indian lands. EPA is
focusing on activities such as:
Tribal Public Water System Supervision
Program primacy workshops to provide
general outreach material to all tribes eligible
to pursue primary enforcement
responsibility;
capacity development projects;
source water and wellhead protection
projects;
development of a voluntary operator
certification program for tribes; and
provision of operator training and
certification to tribal operators.
In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an
infrastructure funding program was established
to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the
appropriation for the national Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund program is set aside for
American Indian communities and Alaska Native
Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997
appropriation amounted to $19.25 million, an
additional $10.87 million was set-aside from the
1998 appropriation, and $11.625 million was
set-aside from the 1999 appropriation. In 1998,
EPA provided approximately $7 million to the
-------
state of Alaska to target drinking water
infrastructure improvement for rural and Native
villages. A small portion of these funds was used
to support technical assistance and training.
Furthermore, EPA funds tribal multi-media
compliance and enforcement programs, including
drinking water system activities.
Finally, technical assistance and training for
small tribally owned or operated public water
systems are also provided. For example, EPA
currently has two cooperative agreements with
the National Rural Water Association to provide
support to small public water systems, including
those owned or operated by tribes.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In 1999, EPA Regions reported that 76% of the
public water systems in Indian country did not
report a violation of a health-based standard or a
significant reporting violation. This represents an
overall increase from 1998 when 72% of facilities
did not report a violation of a health-based
standard or a significant reporting violation.
During 1999, there was a noticeable decrease in
the total number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian
country from 3,897 in 1998 to 2,392 in 1999.
This decrease, however, resulted from the fact
that systems determine compliance with many
chemical contaminants on a three year cycle.
Reports for those contaminants were due in
1998, with the result that monitoring and
reporting violations in that year increased
dramatically. 1999 was the first year of another
three year cycle. With fewer reports due in 1999,
there were fewer monitoring and reporting
violations.1
EPA continues to implement two primary
recommendations from the 1996 and 1997
reports: (1) improve collection and maintenance
of compliance data for public water systems in
Indian country; and (2) place a priority on
decreasing the number of monitoring and
reporting violations to gain a full understanding
of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will
accomplish these recommendations by:
continuing to work cooperatively with tribal
governments and their utility managers and
water system operators to improve
compliance with monitoring and reporting
requirements and with health-based
standards, particularly the Total Coliform
Rule and Surface Treatment Water Rule;
increasing EPAs field presence, conducting
more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging
in targeted technical and compliance
assistance and enforcement;
improving the inventory of public water
systems in Indian country;
improving the collection and entry into
SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement
information in a timely manner to avoid
keeping multiple records;
continuing to support and encourage capital
improvements for public water systems to
improve the infrastructure (and therefore
compliance with SDWA requirements) of
public water systems in Indian country,
including grants provided under the Drinking
Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement
Program; and
focusing on small system compliance issues
and the development of small system
capacity.
Ultimately, EPA will continue to respond to
compliance and enforcement issues at public
water systems owned or managed by tribal
governments in a manner consistent with SDWA
and the EPA Indian Policy. As such, EPA will
usually emphasize compliance assistance as the
first step in returning these systems to
compliance. Where compliance assistance is
ineffective and where, among other things, there
is a significant threat to human health or the
environment, EPA will take appropriate steps to
return systems to compliance, including formal
enforcement actions.
1 Systems must monitor for most chemical contaminants one time within a standard three-year compliance period.
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Appendix A
Glossary of Terms
-------
Administrative Order
Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a
State to address noncompliance at a public water
system, usually by means of a compliance
schedule with enforceable milestone dates.
Chemical Rules
Refers collectively to regulations that protect the
public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals (other than lead and
copper), and radioactivity in drinking water.
Community Water System
A public water system that serves at least 15
service connections used by year-round residents
or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents (e.g., homes, apartments and
condominiums that are occupied year-round as
primary residences).
Federally-recognized Indian Tribe
An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo,
community, or Alaska Native Village that the
Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as
an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally
Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25
U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the
Department of the Interior, the list of federally-
recognized tribes is updated periodically and
published in the Federal Register. The latest list
of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available
at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000).
Health-based Violation
A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant
Level or a Treatment Technique requirement.
Inorganic Chemicals
These non-carbon based compounds (such as
metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur
naturally in some sources of drinking water or be
introduced by human activity. EPA has
established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants.
Violations of standards for lead and copper are
addressed separately.
Large System
A public water system that serves more than
10,000 people.
Lead and Copper Rule
Requires a public water system to take steps to
minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper
in drinking water by monitoring for these
contaminants, installing corrosion control where
required, and, where necessary, educating the
public about ways to reduce exposure. A system
may also be required to treat its source water or
replace lead service lines.
Maximum Contaminant Level
The maximum permissible level of a contaminant
in water delivered to any user of a public water
system.
Monitoring and Reporting Violation
Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and
reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-
specific minimum testing schedules and
operational reporting requirements. Those
monitoring and reporting violations considered
"significant" for the purposes of the state and
national public water system compliance reports
are described below in Table A-l.
Nitrate and Nitrite
Inorganic compounds that can enter water
supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff and
sanitary wastewater discharges.
Non-transient Non-community Water System
A non-community public water system that
regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons
over six months per year. A typical example of a
non-transient non-community water system is a
school or an office building that has its own
water source, such as a drinking water well.
Organic Chemicals
These carbon-based compounds, such as
solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water
through a variety of means, including factory
discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has
established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants.
Primacy
The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA,
States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure
delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any
State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility
for operation and oversight of the drinking water
program within its borders. In order to receive
this responsibility (called "primary enforcement
authority" or "primacy"), a State or Tribe must
show, among other things, that it has adopted
drinking water regulations that are at least as
stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate
its capacity both to enforce those regulations and
to implement other activities necessary to ensure
compliance.
Page A-l
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In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA
assumes responsibility for administering the
drinking water program for that area. Of the 56
eligible States (defined to include
Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of
Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of
Columbia have primacy. During calendar year
1999, the EPA Regional Offices administered the
drinking water program within these two
jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands.
Primary Drinking Water Regulations
These are regulations that apply to public water
systems; specify contaminants which, in the
judgment of the Administrator, may have an
adverse effect on the health of persons; and
specify for each such contaminant either a
maximum contaminant level or a treatment
technique.
Public Water System
A system for the provision to the public of water
for human consumption through pipes or other
constructed conveyances, if such system has at
least fifteen service connections or regularly
serves at least twenty-five individuals at least 60
days out of the year. A public water system can
be either a community water system, a non-
transient non-community water system, or a
transient non-community water system.
Radionuclides
Radioactive particles, such as radium-226,
radium-228, gross alpha, and beta
particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally
in water or may result from human activity. EPA
has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters,
alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228.
Regional Offices
Responsible for implementing Environmental
Protection Agency programs within their
respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices
cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and
local agencies, as well as with industry, academic
institutions, and other private groups to ensure
that Regional needs are addressed and that
Federal environmental laws are upheld.
Small Systems
Public water systems that serve no more than
3,300 people.
Surface Water Treatment Rule
The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
requires a public water system served by surface
water or by ground water under the influence of
surface water to take steps (such as disinfection,
filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed
control) to reduce potential exposure to
microbiological contamination.
Total Coliform Rule
Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water
distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria,
which are found in decaying organic material and
in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are
usually not harmful to human health, their
presence may indicate the presence of other,
more dangerous microbial contamination.
SDWIS/FED
EPAs database for collecting safe drinking water
monitoring results from oversight agencies.
SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water
Information System. Public Water Systems are
required to report all monitoring results to the
primary enforcement authority. States with
primacy, or EPA where it administers the
program, analyze the monitoring results,
determine compliance, and report violations to
EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records
of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED
records only violations, not results that
demonstrate compliance with drinking water
standards.
Total Trihalomethanes
These chemicals can be by-products of chemical
processes used to disinfect drinking water.
Transient Non-community Water System
A non-community water system that regularly
serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25)
over six months per year. A typical example is a
campground or a highway rest stop that has its
own water source, such as a drinking water well.
Treatment Technique
In cases where EPA has determined it is not
technically or economically feasible to establish
an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a
treatment technique. These are treatment
methods required by EPA to minimize the level of
a contaminant in drinking water.
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Variances and Exemptions
A public water system that cannot comply with a
drinking water standard because of poor source
water quality, or, in the case of small systems,
inadequate financial resources, can be granted a
variance to comply with less stringent, but still
protective standards based on a specific EPA-
approved technology available to the system. An
exemption allows a PWS with compelling
circumstances (including economic
considerations) additional time to achieve
compliance with applicable SDWA requirements,
so long as public health is adequately protected.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A Page A-3 « November 2001
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TABLE A-l: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR
ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS
Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water
Treatment Rule
Lead and
Copper Rule
Phase 1, II, MB,
c and V Rules
h Total
Trihalomethanes
m Radionuclides
Violation Type
Major routine
Major repeat
Major (filtered)
Major
(unfiltered)
Initial lead and
copper tap
Follow-up or
routine lead
and copper tap
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Description
No samples collected during a
compliance period
No follow-up samples collected
after a positive total coliform
sample or no speciation
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Either failed to collect the initial
tap samples, and then failed to
correct that omission within a) 3
months for large systems, b) 6
months for medium systems, or
c) 12 months for small systems;
or failed to submit the associated
report
Failed to collect 1 or more
required samples
Failed to collect any required
samples2
Failed to collect any required
samples
Failed to collect any required
samples
SDWIS
Violation Code1
23
25
36
31
51
52
03
03
03
SDWIS
Contaminant Code
3100
3100
None
None
By contaminant
2950
4000, 4100,
4010
1 EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting
violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.
2 Failure to collect "any required samples" means none of the required samples were collected.
Page A-4 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
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TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 1999
Applicability of Regulations
Contaminant/Rule
Organic Contaminants
Total Trihalomethanes
(TTHM)
Inorganic Contaminants
Nitrate and Nitrite
Radionuclides
Total Coliform
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper
Community
Water Systems
All
Some
(Only systems serving more
than 10,000)
All
All
All
All
Some
(Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water)
All
Non-transient Non-
Community Water Systems
All
None
Some
(All except arsenic
and fluoride)
All
None
All
Some
(Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water)
All
Transient Non-Community
Water Systems
Some
(Only epichlorohydrin
and acrylamide)
None
None
All
None
All
Some
(Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water)
None
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
Page A-5
November 2001
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Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual
Compliance Reports
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CONTENTS
Alabama B-7
Alaska B-8
American Samoa B-9
Arizona B-10
Arkansas B-l 1
California B-12
Colorado B-13
Connecticut B-14
Delaware B-l 5
District of Columbia B-16
Florida B-l 7
Georgia B-18
Guam B-19
Hawaii B-20
Idaho B-21
Illinois B-22
Indiana B-23
Iowa B-24
Kansas B-25
Kentucky B-26
Louisiana B-27
Maine B-28
Maryland B-29
Massachusetts B-30
Michigan B-31
Minnesota B-32
Mississippi B-33
Missouri B-34
Montana B-35
Nebraska B-36
Nevada B-37
New Hampshire B-38
New Jersey B-39
New Mexico B-40
New York B-41
North Carolina B-42
North Dakota B-43
Northern Mariana Islands B-44
Ohio B-45
Oklahoma B-46
Oregon B-47
Pennsylvania B-48
Puerto Rico B-49
Rhode Island B-50
South Carolina B-51
South Dakota B-52
Tennessee B-53
Texas B-54
Utah B-55
Vermont B-56
Virgin Islands B-57
Virginia B-58
Washington B-59
West Virginia B-60
Wisconsin B-61
Wyoming B-62
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This Appendix presents a summary of each state
report in a standardized format. The format
includes an overall summary of the violations
data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e.,
violations with respect to maximum contaminant
levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations,
significant monitoring and reporting
requirements, and variance and exemptions).
This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the
States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors
must be taken into account before drawing conclusions
about a State program. For example, public water systems
are required to report all violations to the State, but State
drinking water programs vary in the regulations they
choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus
attention and resources on one particular rule may have
discovered and reported many more violations of that rule
than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A
disproportionate number of violations in a State could also
indicate that the State needs to work with its public water
systems to improve their compliance.
Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided
in the State summaries within the context of each State
and its individual drinking water program.
In 1999, EPA received State Public Water System
Compliance Reports from 51 of the 54 primacy
states, Commonwealths, and Territories. As in
past years, American Samoa, Guam, and the
Northern Mariana Islands did not submit
reports, and, with limited exceptions, did not
supply information to SDWIS/FED. Appendix B
supplies what information is available in
SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at public water
systems in the Pacific territories.
Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and
Indian Tribes did not have primary enforcement
responsibility for drinking water in calendar year
1999, EPA prepared reports for those
jurisdictions.
Violations for 1999
EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment
technique, and significant monitoring violations1
reported by each state in four categories:
Violations of chemical contaminant
requirements2
Violations of the Total Coliform Rule
Violations of the Surface Water Treatment
Rule
Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule.
EPA summarizes the numbers of individual
public water systems in violation in each of these
four categories, as reported by the state.
If a state's report did not include information in a
category, EPAs summary notes the omission.
1999 Totals
EPA also summarizes the total number of
systems in each state, the total number of
violations reported, and the total number of
PWSs in violation, if the state reported this
information.
Systems in Violation
Systems in Violation is defined as the number of
different systems with a reported violation of this
type. Some states counted a system with multiple
violations or violations in more than one category
as one violating system. Other states counted a
violating system each time it had a violation, or
once for each of the regulatory categories in
which it had a violation. If EPAs review of a
state's report indicated some violating systems
were counted more than once, an asterisk notes
that the state's number possibly overcounts
violating systems.
Variances and Exemptions
There were no reported violations of variances
and exemptions in 1999.
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual
Public Water Systems Report
If a state's report includes information on how to
obtain a copy of the report, that information is
provided on the state summary page in this
Appendix.
1 A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total
Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A.
2 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and
radionuclide contaminants.
-------
TABLE B-l: SUMMARY OF ELEMENTS REPORTED BY STATES
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Submitted
Report
X
X
Reported On
Violations
Categories
MCL
X
X
M/R
X
X
TT
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
Identified
Size and Type of
Violating
Systems
X
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X
Identified Each
System with MCL
and TT Violations
X
X
Provided
Information to
Public on
Availability
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information ^
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
Page B-4 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
TABLE B-l: SUMMARY OF ELEMENTS REPORTED BY STATES (continued)
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana
Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Submitted
Report
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported On
Violations
Categories
MCL
X
X
X
X
X
X
M/R
X
X
X
X
X
X
TT
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
1 nventory
Information
X
X
X
X
X
X
Identified
Size and Type of
Violating
Systems
X
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X
Identified Each
System with MCL
and TT Violations
X
X
X
X
Provided
Information to
Public on
Availability
X
X
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information'
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X2
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X2
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
2. Wisconsin did not report TCR violations.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-5 November 2001
-------
State of Alabama 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
736
NR
325
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alabama's State Report is available by contacting ADEM, Water Supply Branch, RO. Box 301463, Montgomery, AL
36130-1463, or by accessing the state's web site at www.adem.state.al.us/viorep99.html.
E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-7 November 2001
-------
State of Alaska 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,689
946
5,605
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alaska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site at www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water.
Page B-8 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
American Samoa 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
22
14
14
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-9
November 2001
-------
State of Arizona 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,709
312
975*
The text of the state report lists the total number of
violations as 955, while the individual category
numbers given (shown above) total 975.
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arizona's statewide annual and bi-annual reports and specific PWS compliance status reports can be obtained by
contacting the state at Arizona Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Compliance Section, 3033 North
Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85012-2809.
Telephone: (602) 207-4624.
Page B-10
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Arkansas 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,190
NR
638
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arkansas' State Report is available by contacting the Arkansas Department of Health, Division of Engineering, 4815
West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205-2032, or by accessing the state's web site at
www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/.
Telephone: (501) 661-2623
Fax: (501) 661-2032
E-mail: scorder@mail.doh.state.ar.us
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
PageB-11 November 2001
-------
State of California 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule*
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
** California does not collect data on lead and copper violations.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
1,101
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
California's State Report is available by contacting the State at California Department of Health Services, Division of
Drinking Water and Environmental Management, or by accessing the web site at
http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/publications/pubindex.htm.
Telephone: (916)323-6111
Page B-12 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Colorado 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,100
NR
774
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Colorado's State Report is available by contacting the state at Compliance Monitor!ng-Data Management, WQCO-
CMDM-B2, 4300 Cherry Creek Drive South, Denver, CO 80246-1530.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-13 November 2001
-------
State of Connecticut 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,600
NR
1,184
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Connecticut's State Report is available at the public libraries or by contacting the Water Supplies Section,
Department of Public Health, 450 Capitol Avenue, Hartford, CT 06134. To schedule an appointment to review this
document at the Water Supplies Section, call (860) 509-7333.
Page B-14 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Delaware 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
** Although Delaware's report table shows 1 system with 1 violation, its list of violators by system shows no violations.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
566
142
73
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Information on Delaware's public water systems is available by accessing EPA's Envirofacts web site at
www.epa .gov/envi ro/htm l/sd wis/sd wis_query.htm I.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-15 November 2001
-------
District of Columbia 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2
0
0
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The District of Columbia's State Report is available by contacting George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager,
Drinking Water Branch (3WP22), U.S. EPA Region III, 1650 Arch Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029, or by
accessing the web site at www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm.
Telephone: (215) 814-5781
Fax: (215) 814-2318
E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov
Page B-16 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Florida 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
-7,000
NR
1,449
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Florida's State Report Summary, state rules, forms, and drinking water inventory are available by accessing the
state's web site at www.dep.state.fl.us/water/Wf/dw/default.htm.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-17 November 2001
-------
State of Georgia 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
1,309
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Georgia's State Report is available by contacting Doug Davenport, Department of Natural Resources, Environmental
Protection Division, Drinking Water Program, Information Management Unit, 205 Butler St., SE, Suite 1362,
Atlanta, GA 30334.
Telephone: (404) 651-5162
Page B-18 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Guam 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12
2
2
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-19 November 2001
-------
State of Hawaii 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
135
8
63
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Hawaii's State Report is available by contacting the Hawaii Department of Health, Safe Drinking Water Branch,
Environmental Management Division, 919 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 308, Honolulu, HI 96814-4920.
Telephone: (808) 586-4258
Page B-20
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Idaho 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,075
768
1,362
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Idaho's State Report is available by contacting the Idaho Division of Environmental Quality's six Regional Offices or
the state's seven district health departments, or by accessing the state's web site at www.state.id.us/deq/.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-21 November 2001
-------
State of Illinois 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,072
495
2,588
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Illinois' State Report is available by contacting the Illinois EPA's Division of Public Water Supplies, #13, RO. Box
9276, Springfield, IL 62794-9276.
Telephone: (217) 785-8653
Page B-22 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Indiana 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,255
1,906
4,084
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Indiana's State Report is available by contacting the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, Office of
Water Management, Drinking Water Branch, or by accessing the web site www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/index.html.
Telephone: (317)308-3280
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-23 November 2001
-------
State of Iowa 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,006
NR
1,258
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Iowa's State Report is available by contacting the Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Water Supply Section,
Wallace State Office Building, 900 East Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50319-0034, or by accessing the state's
web site at www.state.ia.us/government/dnr/organiza/epd/wtrsuply/pwscmp97.htm.
Page B-24 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Kansas 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,106
165
308
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kansas' State Report is available by contacting KDHE, Bureau of Water, Public Water Supply Section, Forbes Field,
Building 283, Topeka, KS 66620, or by accessing the web site at www.kdhe.state.ks.us.
Telephone: (785) 296-5500
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-25 November 2001
-------
State of Kentucky 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
684
353
3,018
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kentucky's State Report is available by contacting the Kentucky Division of Water, Drinking Water Branch, 14 Reilly
Road, Ash Building, Frankfort, KY, 40601, or by accessing the state's web site at
water.nr.state.ky.us/dow/d whome.htm.
Telephone: (502) 564-3410
Page B-26
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Louisiana 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,850
134
154*
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and
in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The Louisana State Report is available by contacting the Office of Public Health, Engineering Services, 6867
Bluebonnet Boulevard, Suite 222, Baton Rouge, LA, 70810.
Fax: (225) 765-5040
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-27 November 2001
-------
State of Maine 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule*
Lead and Copper Rule
* Maine's report includes SWTR MCL violations. Maine appears to be counting violations that they are not required to report in this context.
** Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,146
NR
1,711
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maine's State Report is available by contacting the State at Drinking Water Program, 10 State House Station,
Augusta, ME 04333, or by accessing the state's web site at www.state.me.us/dhs/eng/water/water.htm.
Telephone: (207) 287-2070
Page B-28
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Maryland 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,823
NR
491
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maryland's State Report and additional information on the Maryland program are available by contacting Nancy
Reilman, MDE, Water Supply Program at (410) 631-3729.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-29
November 2001
-------
State of Massachusetts 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,607
476
2,533
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The Massachusetts report is available on the state's web site at www.state.ma.us/dep/brp/dws/dwspubs.htm. Hard
copies are available at each of the four Massachusetts DEP regional offices:
Western 436 Dwight Street, Springfield, MA 01103
Central 627 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01608
Northeast 205A Lowell Street, Wilmington, MA 01887
Southeast 20 Riverside Drive, Lakeville, MA 02347
Page B-30
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Michigan 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
-12,456
NR
4,400
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Michigan's State Report is available by contacting the state at Michigan Department of Environmental Quality,
Drinking Water and Radiological Protection Division, 3423 North Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard, RO. Box 30630,
Lansing, Ml 48909-8130, or by accessing the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, Drinking Water and
Radiological Protection Division web site at www.deq.state.mi.us/us/dwr/.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-31 November 2001
-------
State of Minnesota 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
8,950
NR
462
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Minnesota's State Report is available by contacting the Drinking Water Protection Section, Minnesota Department of
Health, Box 64975, St. Paul, MN 55164-0975, or by accessing the web site at
www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/dwp/pws/dwpreport99.html.
Page B-32 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Mississippi 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,479
100
126
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Mississippi's State Report is available by contacting the Mississippi State Department of Health, Water Supply
Division, RO. Box 1700, Jackson, MS 39215-1700, or by accessing the state's web site at
www. msdh.state, ms. us/OH R/watersup/wshome.htm.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-33 November 2001
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State of Missouri 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,734
NR
2,044
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Missouri's State Report and additional information regarding Missouri's PWSs are available by contacting the
Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Public Drinking Water Program, RO. Box 176, Jefferson City, MO 65102,
or by accessing the web site at www.dnr.state.mo.us/deq/pdwp/homepdwp.htm.
Telephone: (573) 751-5331 or 1-800-361-4827
Page B-34 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Montana 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,020
NR
2,245
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Montana's State Report is available by contacting the Public Water Supply Section, Community Services Bureau,
Permitting and Compliance Division, Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Box 200901, Helena, MT
59624-0901.
Telephone: (406) 444-4400
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-35 November 2001
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State of Nebraska 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,335
NR
809
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nebraska's State Report is available by contacting the Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services,
Regulation and Licensure, 301 Centennial Mall South, RO. Box 95007, Lincoln, NE 68509, or by accessing the
state's web site at www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/enhindex.htm.
Telephone: (402) 471-2541
Fax: (402) 471-6436
TDD: (402) 471-9570
Page B-36
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Nevada 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
670
NR
1,077
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nevada's State Report is available from the Nevada State Health Division, 1179 Fairview Drive, Suite 101, Carson
City, NV89701.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-37 November 2001
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State of New Hampshire 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,207
NR
1,218
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Hampshire's State Report is available by contacting the NH Department of Environmental Services, Water
Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau, 6 Hazen Drive, P.O. Box 95, Concord, NH 03301, or by accessing the
web site www.des.nh.state.us/wseb.
Telephone: (603) 271-2954
E-mail: l_cullerot@des.state.nh.us
Page B-38
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of New Jersey 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
**The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,423
NR
16,316
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Jersey's State Report is distributed through the state library system.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-39
November 2001
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State of New Mexico 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,347
230
320
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
A specific source for obtaining a copy of this report has not been provided. General information on its availability
may be obtained from Keith Melton, Program Manager, Drinking Water Program, New Mexico Environment
Department, 525 Camino De Los Marquez, Suite 4, RO. Box 26110, Santa Fe, NM 87502.
Telephone: (505) 827-7536
E-mail: keith_melton@nmev.state.nm.us
Page B-40
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of New York 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,617
NR
273
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New York's State Report is available by contacting the state at BPWSP NYSDOH, Flanigan Square, 547 River
Street, Room 400, Troy, NY 12180-2216, or by accessing the web site at bpwsp@health.state.ny.vs.
Inside New York: 1-800-458-1158, ext. 27650
Outside New York: (518) 402-7650
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-41 November 2001
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State of North Carolina 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
7,193
NR
12,099
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Carolina's State Report is available by contacting the North Carolina Public Water Supply Section web site at
www.deh.enr.state.nc.us/pws.
Page B-42 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of North Dakota 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
574
113
159*
* Although North Dakota reported 168 total violations, this included
nine minor monitoring violations.
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Dakota's State Report is available by contacting the North Dakota Department of Health, Division of Municipal
Facilities, P.O. Box 5520, 1200 Missouri Avenue, Bismarck, ND 58506-5520, Attention: Jeni Walsh.
Telephone: (701) 328-5231
Fax: (701) 328-5200
E-mail: jwalsh@state.nd.us
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-43 November 2001
-------
Northern Mariana Islands 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
43
0
0
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
Page B-44
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Ohio 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,901
2,024
6,375
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
A summary of Ohio's State Report is available by contacting the State of Ohio at PWS Annual Compliance Report,
Ohio EPA DDAGW, Lazarus Government Center, RO. Box 1049, Columbus, OH 43216-1049, or by accessing the
Ohio EPA's web site at www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html. An additional contact is David Greenwood,
Central District Office, 3232 Alum Creek Drive, Columbus, OH 43207.
Telephone: (614) 728-3778
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-45
November 2001
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State of Oklahoma 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,717
NR
765
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oklahoma's State Report is available by contacting the state at Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality,
Water Quality Division, 8th Floor, 707 North Robinson, Oklahoma City, OK, or by mail request at the Department of
Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division, RO. Box 1677, Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677, or by accessing the
web site at www.deq.state.ok.us/waterl/home/index.html.
Page B-46
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Oregon 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,699
1,590
3,285
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oregon's State Report is available by contacting Diane Weis at the Oregon Health Division, 800 NE Oregon Street,
Portland, OR 97232, or by accessing the Oregon drinking water web site at www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/cehs/dwp.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-47 November 2001
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State of Pennsylvania 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,500
1,591
6,157
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Pennsylvania's State Report, the list of public water systems having MCL violations during 1999, and additional
information about the Pennsylvania Safe Drinking Water Program are available by contacting the Department of
Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Supply Management, RO Box 8467, llth Floor RCSOB, Harrisburg, PA
17105-8467, or by accessing the web site at www.dep.state.pa.us.
Telephone: (717) 787-5017
Page B-48
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Puerto Rico 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
4,293
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Puerto Rico's Report is available at the following addresses:
Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
Ramon Fernandez Marina Hospital Third Floor
Bo. Monacillos, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
RO. Box 70184 Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00936
Telephone: (787) 754-6010 or (787) 754-6370
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-49
November 2001
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State of Rhode Island 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
481
24
32
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Additional information about Rhode Island's drinking water program is available by contacting the Rhode Island
Department of Health, Office of Drinking Water Quality, 3 Capitol Hill, Room 209, Providence, Rl 02908, or by
accessing the state's web site at www.health.state.ri.us.
Telephone: (401) 222-6867
Page B-50
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of South Carolina 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,639
225
354
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Carolina's State Reports are available by contacting the Water Enforcement Division with SCDHEC's Bureau of
Water at 2600 Bull Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, or by accessing the Bureau of Water web site at
www.state.se.us/dhec/eqc/water. For additional information not contained here, call the Freedom of Information
Office at (803) 898-3880.
Telephone: (803) 898-4154
Fax: (803) 898-3795
E-mail: bleaubp@columb32.dhec.state.se.us
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-51 November 2001
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State of South Dakota 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
725
NR
990
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Dakota's State Report is available by contacting the state at DENR, Drinking Water Program, 523 E. Capitol
St., Pierre, SD 57501-3181.
Page B-52 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Tennessee 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,192
NR
833
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Tennessee's State Report is available by contacting the Division Water Supply Central Office at Division of Water
Supply Central Office, 401 Church Street, 6th Floor, L&C Tower, Nashville, TN 37423-1549, phone (615) 532-
0152; or any of the six field offices: Division of Water Supply, Suite 550 State Office Building, 540 McCallie
Avenue, Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013, phone (888) 891-8332; Division of Water Supply, 121 South Willow,
Cookeville, TN 38502; Division of Water Supply, 362 Carriage House Drive, Jackson, TN 38305-2222; Division of
Water Supply, 2305 Silverdale Road, Johnson City, TN 37601-2162; Division of Water Supply, Suite 220-State
Plaza, 2700 Middlebrook Pike, Knoxville, TN 37219; Division of Water Supply, 537 Brick Church Park Drive,
Nashville, TN 37243-1550. Copies of Tennessee's State Report are also located in most public libraries in
Tennessee, or by accessing the web site at www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/index.html.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-53 November 2001
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State of Texas 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,696
NR
1,050
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
A specific source for obtaining a copy of this report has not been provided. General information on its availability
may be obtained from the Water Utilities Division, Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, RO. Box
13087, Austin, TX 78711-3087.
Telephone: (512) 239-6020
Page B-54
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Utah 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
NR
NR
5,147
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Utah's State Report is available by contacting the state at Utah Division of Drinking Water, P.O. Box 144830, Salt
Lake City, UT 84114-4830, Attention: Ken Bousfield.
Telephone: (801) 536-4207
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-55
November 2001
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State of Vermont 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
** Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,337
NR
779
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Vermont's State Report is available by contacting the State Water Supply Division, 103 S. Main Street, Waterbury,
VT 05671-0403.
Telephone: (802) 241-3400
In Vermont: (800) 823-6500
Page B-56
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Virgin Islands 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
460
NR
476
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The Virgin Islands Report can be obtained by contacting the DPNR, Division of Environmental Protection, 1118
Water Gut Homes, Christiansted, St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, 00820. The report is also available at public libraries,
University of Virgin Islands Public Library, UVI's Water Resource Research Institute, and local libraries.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-57 November 2001
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State of Virginia 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,870
NR
1,038
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
A complete copy of the report may be obtained by contacting one of the six field offices: Office of Water Programs,
Abingdon Field Office Field 1, 454 East Main Street, Abingdon, VA 24210, phone (540) 676-5650 and fax
(540) 676-5659; Office of Water Programs, Lexington Field Office Field 2, 131 Walker Street, Lexington, VA
24450, phone (540) 463-7136 and fax (540) 463-3892; Office of Water Programs, Southeast Virginia Field Office
Field 3, 5700 Thurston Avenue Suite 203, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, phone (757) 363-3876 and fax (757)
363-3955; Office of Water Programs, East Central Field Office Field 4, 300 Turner Road, Richmond, VA 23225,
phone (804) 674-2880 and fax (804) 674-2815; Office of Water Programs, Danville Field Office Field 5, 1347
Piney Forest Road, Danville, VA 24540, phone (804) 836-8416 and fax (804) 836-8424; Office of Water
Programs, Culpeper Field Office Field 6, 400 South Main Street 2nd Floor, Culpeper, VA 22701-3318, phone
(540) 829-7340 and fax (540) 829-7337. A summary of Virginia's state report is available by accessing the state's
web site at www.vdh.state.va.us.
Page B-58
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Washington 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,285
2,287
3,950
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Washington's State Report is available by contacting the Department of Health, Division of Drinking Water, RO. Box
47822, Olympia, WA 98504-7822, or by accessing the state's web site at www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enflink.htm or
web site www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enflink2.htm.
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-59
November 2001
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State of West Virginia 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,411
580
3,131*
The state report lists the total number of violations as
3,131, while the individual category numbers given
(show above) total 1,475.
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
West Virginia did not provide a specific source for obtaining a copy of its report. For more information, contact the
West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Office of Environmental Health Services, 815 Quarrier Street, Suite 418,
Charleston, WV, 25301-2616.
Telephone: (304) 558-2981
Page B-60
November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Wisconsin 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,760
2,052
752
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wisconsin's State Report is available by contacting the Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater, State of
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, RO. Box 7921, Madison, Wl 53707.
Telephone: (608) 266-6669
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-61
November 2001
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State of Wyoming 1999 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 1999
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
*The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
** Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
733
NR
1,302
Where to Obtain the 1999 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
The report for the state of Wyoming is available by contacting John Gillis, EPA Region 8, 999 18th Street, Suite
500, Denver, CO 80202-2466.
Telephone: (303) 312-6229
Page B-62 November 2001
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands
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Indian Lands
1999 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix C
Page C-l November 2001
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