Providing  Safe Drinking
             Water In  America
2001  National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
   2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public
   A/ater Systems Compliance Report 2001 National  Public Water Systems
   Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
   2001 National  Public  Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National
   Dublic Water Systems  Compliance  Report 2001 National  Public Wate
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   2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public
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   2001 National  Public  Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National
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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)
Washington, DC 20460

EPA305-R-03-001
September 2003

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                              able of Contents
National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance in 2001	
Introduction  	1
PWS Compliance	1
Findings  	3
Data Quality  	8
Enforcement and Compliance Assistance Programs	9
Information on and Evaluation of State Reports	10
State-by-State Summaries	10
Conclusions and Activities to Address Recommendations  	10

National Summary of Compliance for Public Water Systems in Indian Country in 2001	
Introduction  	13
Public Water Systems in Indian Country	13
Public Water Systems in Alaska and Oklahoma 	13
Data Quality  	13
Findings  	13
Compliance Assistance and Enforcement	15
Financial Assistance  	16
Conclusions and Recommendations	16

Appendix A	
Glossary of Terms	A-l

Appendix B	
Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports 	B-l

Appendix C	
Map of Indian Lands	C-l
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Table of Contents                       Page i  •  September 2003

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List of Tables
Table A-l: Significant Monitoring Violations for Annual State Public Water System Reports  	A-4
Table A-2: Summary of Drinking Water Regulations for Public Water Systems During 2000  	A-5
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States  	B-4
September 2003  •   Page ii                          2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Table of Contents

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                           National  Summary of
     Public  Water  Systems  Compliance  in  2001
INTRODUCTION
The National Public Water Systems Compliance
Report for 2001 describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its
state partners are meeting the goal of ensuring
that Americans receive safe drinking water from
public water systems. The report also discusses
the data we use to measure our success and the
progress we are making in our efforts to increase
its reliability and completeness.
EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report for every calendar year. The
report is an annual summary of violations at the
nation's public water systems. The report also
          Public Water Systems
 A Public Water System (PWS) is a system that
 provides water for human consumption, if such
 system has at least 15 service connections or
 regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60
 days out of the year. A public water system can be
 one of three types:
 •   Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15
     service connections (which may include
     factories, schools, or places of housing that are
     on the same distribution system as residences)
     used by year-round  residences or regularly serve
     at least 25 year-round residents.
     Non-transient Non-community Systems
     (NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same
     persons over six months per year (e.g., schools
     or factories that have their own water source).
     Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS)
     serve  at least 25 persons (but not the same 25)
     over six months per year (e.g., campgrounds  or
     highway rest stops that have their own water
     source).
summarizes and evaluates annual reports
prepared by the states.1

The first part of this report draws information
from the Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPAs
national database, to provide a national picture
of the maximum contaminant level, treatment
technique, significant monitoring and reporting,
significant consumer notification and variance or
exemption violations the states reported to EPA
for 2001. EPA aggregates these reported
violations at all public water  systems in states,
commonwealths, territories and throughout
Indian country to present a national summary of
violations, and then presents summaries of
significant monitoring and reporting violations,
significant public notification violations, and
violations of health-based standards at the
different kinds of public water systems.

The second part of this report presents
information on public water  systems throughout
Indian country.

A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A.

Summaries and evaluations of completeness of
the states' annual public water systems reports
for 2001 are presented in Appendix B.
PWS COMPLIANCE	

This report uses information from SDWIS/FED,
the national database where EPA records
information the states are required to report
about their public water systems. For the
national public water system compliance reports,
EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations
of primary drinking water regulations that
specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a
   The term "state" includes 56 states, commonwealths, and territories. All but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have
   federal approval to Implement the drinking water program within their jurisdictions. Federal approval to Implement the
   drinking water program Is called primary enforcement authority, or "primacy." During calendar year 2001, EPA Implemented
   the drinking water program In Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout most of Indian country and was responsible
   for reporting the violations In these jurisdictions to SDWIS/FED. The Navajo Nation was approved for primacy and treatment
   as a state In late 2000.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                         Page 1
September 2003

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              How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe?
 Information Sent to Customers:	

 Consumer Confidence Report -
 (http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/pdfs/quickrefguide
 _ccr.pdf) Every community water system is required to
 produce a  yearly report identifying the contaminants
 detected in its water and the risks of exposure to those
 contaminants. Large systems are required to mail their
 customers the report. While medium systems and small
 systems are required to produce the report, these
 systems may obtain a waiver from the mailing
 requirement. Very small systems are only required to
 print the report in the local newspaper. The annual
 water quality report or consumer confidence report
 (CCR) provides customers with a more complete picture
 of drinking water quality and systems operations. The
 annual CCR tells customers what's in their water, where
 it comes from, and where they can obtain additional
 information.

 Public Notification Rule — (http://www.epa.gov/
 safewater/pws/pn/rulefact.html)  Public water systems
 must notify their customers if there has been a violation
 of drinking water standards. Public notification is
 intended to ensure that consumers will always know if
 there is a problem with their drinking water. Public
 water systems must notify the people who drink their
 water if the level of a contaminant  in the water exceeds
 EPA and State drinking water regulations, if there is a
 waterborne disease outbreak or  any other situation that
 may pose  a risk to the public health, if the water
 system fails to test its water as required, or if the
 system has a variance or exemption from the
                                    regulations. Depending on the severity of the situation,
                                    water suppliers have 24 hours to one year to notify
                                    their customers. Public notification is provided in
                                    addition to the CCR.
                                    Information  on the Internet:

                                    Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) -
                                    Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act,
                                    individual water systems, contaminants that may be in
                                    drinking water, and what individuals can do to help
                                    protect sources of their drinking water.

                                    Additional Information:	

                                    Call the community water system — Billing statements
                                    should provide a number to call with questions.

                                    State Public Water Systems Compliance Report -
                                    Each state's annual report discusses the violations  at its
                                    public water systems.  Most state reports include a  list
                                    of violating facilities.

                                    National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
                                    (this report) — Summarizes all reported violations at
                                    America's public water systems.
                                    Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) -
                                    Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers
                                    order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA
                                    experts if they need more information.

                                    Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) -
                                    Allows the public to access EPA databases containing
                                    information on  environmental activities that may affect
                                    air, water, and land anywhere in the United States.


contaminant in water that is delivered to any
user of a public water system (Maximum
Contaminant Level or  MCL); 2) techniques for
treating water to make it safe;  3) monitoring and
reporting requirements (how and when water
must be tested  and the results reported) and 4)
significant user notification violations.2 While
SDWIS/FED collects information on monitoring
and reporting violations, only "significant"
monitoring and reporting violations are counted
in this report. A "significant" monitoring and
reporting violation occurs, with rare exceptions,
when no  samples are taken or no results are
reported  during a compliance period. Table A-l
                                      provides a more detailed description of
                                      significant monitoring violations for the different
                                      rules. A significant user notification violation
                                      occurs when a community water system
                                      completely failed to provide to its users a
                                      required report. Significant user notification
                                      violations include violations of the Consumer
                                      Confidence Report Regulation and violations of
                                      the Public Notification Regulations. The
                                      information provided in the Consumer
                                      Confidence Report will supplement public
                                      notification that water systems must provide to
                                      their customers upon discovering any violation of
                                      a contaminant standard. The  CCR should not be
   This report tabulates only "significant" monitoring and reporting violations. Table A-l presents descriptions of significant
   monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations.
September 2003
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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the primary notification of potential health risk
posed by drinking water, but will provide
customers with a snapshot of the quality of their
drinking water supply. Public Notification helps
to ensure  that consumers receive timely
information about problems with their drinking
water. These Public Notification requirements
have always been a part of the Safe Drinking
Water Act.

As EPA reported in its Data Reliability Analysis
of the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED) (EPA 816-
R-00-020, October 2000), where the data in
SDWIS/FED exist, the data are generally accurate.
This is particularly true of data related to the
number of public water  systems, their size, and
their type. However, EPA's analysis revealed that
many states did not report some apparent
violations — either to their own data systems or
to EPAs SDWIS/FED. It  is important to note that
the study revealed that only 55% of the apparent
MCL violations and 10% of the apparent
monitoring and reporting violations had been
reported to SDWIS/FED (although what percent
of the unreported monitoring and reporting
violations are significant violations is unknown).
Since that report, EPA and its state partners have
worked towards the identification and resolution
of any problems that may have produced data
discrepancies in the past, and to prevent the
occurrence of future  problems. Because these
ongoing efforts will result in significant
corrections and additions to the data in
SDWIS/FED, this  2001 report offers broad
national findings rather  than detailed analysis
comparing previous National compliance
statistics.

More discussions of data quality concerns and
EPAs recommendations appear later in this
report.
FINDINGS
In 2001, 161,316 public water systems
together served almost 297 million users. The
actual number of individuals served was
smaller, because millions of Americans drank
water from, and were counted as users by,
more than one public water system during the
course of the year.

          Percentage of Systems by Type
            • Transient Non-Community
            D Community
            D Non-Transient Non-Community

    53,437 community water systems served
    almost 268 million people in their primary
    residences.

    18,687 non-transient non-community
    systems (schools, factories) served 6 million
    people in places they frequented.

    89,192 transient non-community systems
    (campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a
    constantly changing user base of almost 23
    million people.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                         Page 3
September 2003

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Most public water systems were small, but
large systems served a majority of the people
who drank water from a public water system.
              Size vs. Users Served3
           95%
Qfi°/ -















77%


14%
	 1 2%








           Small Systems           Large Systems

      • Percentage of Systems   • Percentage of Users Served

•   95% of America's public water systems
    (including nearly all of the transient non-
    community systems), served 3,300  or fewer
    users. Together, these 152,680 small systems
    provided service to 14% of all users.

•   2% of America's public water systems served
    more than 10,000 users. Together, these
    3,837 large systems provided service to 77%
    of all users.

As reported to SDWIS/FED, most of America's
public water systems did not have any
significant violations.

      PWS with Reported Significant Violations
       • No Reported Significant Violation
       D Reported Significant Violation of Some Kind
                                    •   For 74% of the public water systems in
                                        America, there was no report of a health-
                                        based violation nor were there reports of
                                        significant monitoring and reporting
                                        violations.

                                    The states reported either a health-based
                                    violation, a significant monitoring and
                                    reporting violation, or a significant consumer
                                    confidence report violation at approximately
                                    41,300 public water systems in 2001.

                                    •   About 23,900 (58%) of the systems with
                                        significant violations were non-community
                                        water systems, all but 47 of which served
                                        3,300 or fewer users each. Together, these
                                        violating small non-community water systems
                                        served drinking water to 3 million users.
                                    •   89% of the approximately 17,400 community
                                        water systems with a reported significant
                                        violation served 3,300 or fewer users each.
                                        Together, these violating small community
                                        water systems served  drinking water to
                                        almost 7 million users.

                                    Most Americans received drinking water from
                                    public water systems that recorded no
                                    significant violations in  2001.

                                                   Users Served by PWS
                                           Without Reported Significant Violations
                                              • Users Served by PWS Without
                                                 Reported Significant Violations
                                              D Users Served by PWS With
                                                 Reported Significant Violations

                                        77% of the population served by public water
                                        systems received drinking water from a
                                        system that reported no violations of a
3  Because only 3% of public water systems are "medium" in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because only
   9% of the population is served by them, this report omits discussion of "medium" systems.
September 2003
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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    health-based standard, was not cited for a
    significant violation of a monitoring and
    reporting requirement, and issued a
    consumer confidence report, if required.

•   76% of the population served by community
    water systems received drinking water from
    a system that reported no violations of a
    health-based standard, was not cited for a
    significant violation of a monitoring and
    reporting requirement, and issued a
    consumer confidence report as required.

The vast majority of the  110,464 violations
the states reported to SDWIS/FED in 2001
were for a public water system's significant
failure to monitor and report, rather than
health-based MCL or treatment technique
violations detected and reported by a system.

•   During 2001, there was a substantial increase
    in the total number of significant violations of
    monitoring and reporting requirements for
    the chemical contaminant group. The
    increase in significant  violations for the
    chemical contaminant group in turn
    increased the total  number of monitoring and
    reporting violations. EPA believes that the
    major reason for this substantial increase
    was that 2001 was the end of a three-year
    monitoring period for  chemical contaminant
    monitoring by systems. This report is,
    therefore, composed of data on chemical
    monitoring violations that  occurred in 2001
    and other chemical monitoring violations for
    the three-year monitoring period of 1999
    through 2001.
       Type of Reported Significant Violations
•   If a system did not monitor the quality of its
    water, it is impossible to know if it has
    violated a health-based requirement. For this
    reason, a system's significant failure to
    monitor and report is a major violation that
    must be addressed and corrected.

•   38% of the 88,412 significant monitoring and
    reporting violations reported by the states
    were violations of the monitoring and
    reporting requirements of the Total Coliform
    Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes
    of public water systems.

94% of America's public water systems
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2001.

   PWS With No  Reported Health-Based Violations
  D Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations
  • Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations
              • Monitoring and Reporting
              D Health-Based
              D Monitoring and Reporting CCR
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
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                               Health-Based Violations and  Illness
 It is important to note that a public water system's
 violation of a health-based standard  does not mean
 that the people who drank the system's water got
 sick. A health-based violation means either that the
 system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged
 as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system
 has failed  to treat its water to the extent EPA has
 judged necessary to protect its users from an
 unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the
 regulated contaminant is present in source water.
 Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting
 from health-based violations, among them the
 duration of the violation, whether or not the violation
 occurred in an isolated section of a complex public
 water system, and  the extent to which contamination
 exceeds the allowable level.  While modern treatment
 systems have substantially reduced the incidence of
 waterborne disease, drinking water contamination
 remains a  significant health  risk management
 challenge. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control
 (CDC) indicate that between  1980 and 1998 there
 were 419  outbreaks of illness linked to contamination
 in drinking water resulting in an estimated 511,000
 cases of disease (Craun and  Calderon, 1996; Levy et
 al., 1998;  Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of
 outbreaks  in the U.S. occurred at surface water
 systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness
 were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium
 outbreak in Milwaukee, Wl, which resulted in an
 estimated  403,000 cases  (MacKenzie et al. 1994;
 McDonald et al. 2001).

 The number of waterborne disease outbreaks
 identified and reported  in the CDC database is
 believed, however,  to understate  the actual incidence
 of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and
                                       Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997).
                                       Recognized and reported waterborne disease
                                       outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to
                                       waterborne pathogens that cause acute
                                       gastrointestinal  illness with diarrhea, abdominal
                                       discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such
                                       illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy
                                       people, many individuals experiencing  these
                                       symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where
                                       medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may
                                       not be identified through routine testing.
                                       Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a
                                       community or, if recognized, are not traced to a
                                       drinking water source. Moreover,  an unknown but
                                       probably significant portion of waterborne disease is
                                       endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an
                                       outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to
                                       recognize.

                                       EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide
                                       an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy
                                       people, but also for populations that are at greater
                                       risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive
                                       subpopulations  include children (especially the very
                                       young), the elderly, the malnourished,  pregnant
                                       women, the disease-impaired (e.g., those with
                                       diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad category of
                                       those with compromised immune systems, such as
                                       AIDS patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g.,
                                       rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple
                                       sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on
                                       chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised
                                       persons are more likely than healthy individuals to
                                       contract waterborne disease, the  severity and duration
                                       of their illness is often greater, and they are at a
                                       greater risk of death.
September 2003
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total
Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based
standard most frequently violated.
    Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
 100
         Chem      TCR       LCR      SWTR

             • Percentage of Health-Based Violations

•   SDWIS/FED recorded 14,334 violations of
    health-based standards in 2001. 71% of these
    violations were violations of the MCL for the
    Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be
    met by all types and sizes of public water
    systems.4

As reported to SDWIS/FED, 88% of community
water systems complied with the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule.
•   The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule
    requires all community water systems to
    provide an annual report to customers
    identifying the contaminants detected in their
    water and the health risks associated with
    those contaminants.

•   In calendar year 2001, 6,485 community
    water systems were found to have  a
    "significant" violation of the CCR Rule,
    meaning that the community water system
    completely failed to provide the required
    report.
No violations of variances or exemptions were
reported to SDWIS/FED during 2001.

•   Under Federal law, states can grant variances
    or exemptions to public water systems in
    limited circumstances allowing them to install
    alternative technology or giving them more
    time to meet a standard if public health is
    adequately protected in the interim. The
    states did not report any violations of
    variances and exemptions for the few public
    water systems that were operating under a
    variance or exemption in 2001.

EPA and its state partners continue to take
enforcement actions against violators.5

During 2001, the 55 states (a term that included
states, commonwealths, territories and tribes)
with federal approval to implement the drinking
water program were also responsible for
initiating enforcement actions in response to
drinking water violations at public water
systems in their jurisdictions. EPA implemented
the drinking water program in Wyoming, the
District of Columbia, and in Indian country,
except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency initiated
enforcement responses in these areas and,
occasionally, in the states, which is usually at a
state's invitation. Together, EPA and the states
initiated over 1,000 formal enforcement actions,
each action potentially addressing multiple
violations.

•   In 2001 the states issued a total of 752
    formal enforcement actions, including 392
    administrative orders without penalty, 332
    administrative orders with penalty, and 29
    civil referrals to the states' Attorneys General.

•   During the same period, EPA issued a total of
    338 formal enforcement actions, including
    335 Federal administrative orders, one civil
    case filed, and three referrals to the
    Department of Justice for civil judicial action.
    In 2000 community water systems of all sizes
   For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical contami-
   nants (Chem) — violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants —
   compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample
   resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); and
   4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in drinking
   water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes.
   There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal
   enforcement responses.  For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns
   the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal
   enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations in
   a single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one
   reporting year are generally not initiated until early in the following year.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
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September 2003

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   were required for the first time to comply
   with the Consumer Confidence Report
   requirements. All community water systems
   were required to prepare and distribute a
   brief annual water quality report. Many of the
   systems, particularly the smaller systems, did
   not comply with the requirements. As the
   EPA had primacy for the Consumer
   Confidence Report regulation, it initiated the
   enforcement actions against those systems.
   These enforcement actions significantly
   increased the number  of federal enforcement
   actions in 2000 compared to the number of
   federal enforcement actions taken by EPA in
   the previous year. In the following year of
   2001,  the number of violations for the
   Consumer Confidence Report decreased
   significantly; likewise,  the federal
   enforcement actions pertaining to this
   regulation also decreased significantly.

These totals do not take into account the
informal enforcement actions or the public water
systems that returned to compliance before EPA
and state procedures would require initiation of a
formal response.

EPA designates a public water system a signifi-
cant noncomplier if the system has serious,
frequent or persistent violations that may pose a
threat to public health. States and EPA give
significant noncompliers priority attention in
their efforts to return violators to compliance and
address violations with enforcement actions. For
2001 EPA and the states focused more of their
attention on returning to compliance significant
noncompliers that were identified as such in
2000 and earlier, as there were less systems
identified  in 2001 as significant noncompliers.6

•  In calendar year 2001, EPA designated  15,407
   public water systems significant noncompliers.
   Most (98%) of these significant noncompliers
   served 3,300 or fewer users. Most (10,466) of
   these 15,407 systems were unaddressed
   significant noncompliers from the end of 2000.

•  In 2001 states and EPA addressed 7,806
   noncompliers. This was a 21% increase over
   the number of noncompliers addressed in
   2000.  Of the noncompliers addressed, 2,754
   were new noncompliers identified in 2001.
   The other 5,052 systems addressed were
                                       identified as noncompliers in 2000 and earlier.
                                       Over 70% of the significant noncompliers
                                       serving more than 3,300 users were addressed
                                       by EPA and the states.

                                       At the end of 2001, there were 2,187 new and
                                       5,414 old significant violators that had not
                                       been addressed. Just over 2% of these
                                       unaddressed significant noncompliers served
                                       more than 3,300 users.
                                   DATA QUALITY	

                                   The data used in this report came from EPAs
                                   national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is
                                   composed of data that states are required to
                                   submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter. EPA uses
                                   information in SDWIS/FED to  assess progress in
                                   the implementation of regulations, to develop
                                   national enforcement and compliance priorities,
                                   and to provide information to  the public.

                                   EPA periodically conducts data verifications
                                   (independent, on-site audits) of state drinking
                                   water programs to ensure that the state is
                                   determining compliance in accordance with
                                   Federal regulations. Data verifications help detect
                                   differences between data in a state's files
                                   (whether electronic or hard copy), and data in
                                   SDWIS/FED.

                                   As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts
                                   described in past National Public Water Systems
                                   Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of
                                   data verifications conducted from 1996 through
                                   1998. Those audits, which covered 27 states
                                   (including one where EPA itself administers the
                                   drinking water program) and one territory,
                                   analyzed data from almost 1,800 public water
                                   systems. The data audits reviewed inventory
                                   information (identifying systems, their number,
                                   their size, and their type), apparent violations
                                   that either were reported or should have been
                                   reported,  and any enforcement actions initiated.

                                   EPAs review showed that the quality of the
                                   information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is
                                   high, but the data are incomplete. This finding
                                   principally reflects differences between state and
                                   EPA regulatory interpretation rather than a
                                   preponderance of data management issues. Most
                                   of the SDWIS/FED data quality problems EPA
                                   identified  were instances where violations that
6  Public water systems designated significant noncompliers late in the year are typically addressed early in the next year.
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary

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should have been recorded and reported did not
appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA found that a small
percentage of this incompleteness is because
SDWIS/FED will accept only properly transferred
data.

EPAs analysis of the data verifications found:

•   96% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was
    accurate and complete.
•   The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations
    data is moderately high (estimated at 68%)
    for the Total Coliform Rule standard, but is
    very low for other health-based standards
    and for monitoring and reporting.
•   Most of the discrepancies between apparent
    and reported violations are because of
    unrecorded and unreported violations. This
    accounts for 56% of all discrepancies related
    to maximum contaminant level violations,
    83% of discrepancies related to Surface Water
    Treatment Rule treatment technique
    violations, and 94% of all discrepancies
    related to monitoring and reporting
    violations.
•   Only 10% of apparent monitoring and
    reporting violations had been reported to
    SDWIS/FED.
•   55% of the apparent MCL violations had been
    reported to SDWIS/FED.
•   SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete
    information on 72% of the enforcement
    actions found in the states' records.
•   This report is not a measure of the quality of
    drinking water itself.
EPA continues to work with all of its state
partners to identify and resolve any problems
that may have produced data discrepancies in the
past, and to ensure that complete and accurate
documentation is available to help assess the
safety of our nation's drinking water.

In 2001, EPA continued to implement actions
under the draft 1998 National Infrastructure
Assurance Plan: Water Supply Section for the
purpose of improving the security of the critical
drinking water infrastructure. The Agency also
has in place as a counter-terrorism measure a
policy restricting the availability of location data
on PWS intakes and wells, and continues a
public/private partnership with water utilities to
improve the security of our drinking water.
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS	
States and EPA engage in a variety of activities to
help public water systems remain in and return
to compliance, including formal enforcement
actions, informal actions, and compliance and
technical assistance. State and EPA compliance
assistance efforts to help a source remain in or
return to compliance may include:
•   conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys
    at public water systems (i.e., an on-site
    review of the water sources, facilities,
    equipment,  operations, and maintenance to
    evaluate their adequacy in producing and
    distributing safe drinking water);
•   helping systems invest in preventive
    measures;
•   providing financial assistance for system
    improvements through the Drinking Water
    State Revolving Fund and other State funding
    programs;
•   reviewing water system plans and
    specifications;
•   conducting training sessions;
•   holding public information meetings;
•   lending specialized monitoring equipment;
    and
•   publishing informational bulletins and
    newsletters  on training events and other
    educational opportunities.
When a drinking water violation is detected and
it is determined that compliance assistance is not
the best tool to  return a source to compliance,
EPA guidelines require a response  from the
primacy agency as a condition of funding.
Acceptable responses include a variety of formal
and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts
to return a violating public water system to
compliance as quickly as possible.
Generally, the primacy agency's first responses to
violations are informal actions, such as:
•   reminder letters;
•   warning letters;
•   notices of violation;
•   field visits; and
•   telephone calls.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — National Summary
                         Page 9
September 2003

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If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy
agency must initiate a formal enforcement
response that requires the violating public water
system to return to compliance. Formal
enforcement responses include:

•   citations;

•   administrative orders with or without
    penalties;
•   civil referrals to state attorneys general or to
    the Department of Justice;

•   other sanctions such as denying permission
    for system expansion; and

•   filing criminal charges.

If a situation poses an imminent risk to public
health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency
order that requires the public water system to
take the steps necessary to protect public health
and return the system to compliance.


INFORMATION ON AND
EVALUATION  OF STATE REPORTS	

EPA reviewed each 2001 annual state report to
determine if it met the requirements of the 1996
Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state
reports are summarized in Table B-l in
Appendix B. Table B-l shows whether a state:

•   submitted a report to EPA;

•   included all required elements;

•   satisfied its statutory requirement to publish
    and distribute summaries of the report that
    inform the public of the availability of the full
    report;

•   identified the size and type of violating
    systems;

•   discussed the compliance assistance and
    enforcement activities the state undertook in
    response to violations;

•   included a list of PWSs with MCL or
    treatment technique violations, as EPA
    recommended in its guidance to states on
    preparing their reports;

•   provided information to the public on
    availability of the reports; and
                                      included additional information of interest to
                                      the public, such as the number of public
                                      water systems in the state, their sizes and
                                      types, and background on the Safe Drinking
                                      Water Act and its implementation.
                                   STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES	

                                   EPA provides a state-by-state summary of
                                   information reported in each state report in
                                   Appendix B.  The standardized format includes
                                   an overall summary of the violations data the
                                   Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report
                                   (i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment
                                   technique violations, significant monitoring and
                                   reporting violations, and variances and
                                   exemptions). The summary for each state also
                                   tells how to obtain a copy of the  state's full
                                   report.

                                   In some instances, the data reported by a state in
                                   July of 2002 may not agree with data currently in
                                   SDWIS/FED. EPAs and the states' continual
                                   efforts to ensure that the information in the
                                   SDWIS/FED  database is as accurate as possible
                                   may have resulted in updates and corrections to
                                   the data since the state published its report.
                                   CONCLUSIONS AND ACTIVITIES TO
                                   ADDRESS RECOMMENDATIONS	

                                   Most Americans received water from systems
                                   which reported no violations of health-based
                                   standards, and for which the states reported no
                                   significant violations of monitoring and reporting
                                   requirements.

                                   There are significant differences in the numbers
                                   of violations reported in 2000 and 2001, most
                                   notably a 14% overall increase in violations. The
                                   number of significant violations of monitoring
                                   and reporting requirements increased by about
                                   13,200 — a 18% increase in violations between
                                   2000 and 2001. In 2001, America's public water
                                   systems detected and reported 689 more
                                   violations of health-based standards — a 5%
                                   increase from 2000.

                                   In 2001, States reported the largest number of
                                   violations for the Chemical Contaminant Group.
                                   The 43,353 significant violations of monitoring
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and reporting requirements of the Chemical
Contaminant Group represent 49% of all
significant monitoring and reporting violations
reported by the states in 2001. The total number
of Chemical Contaminant Group violations
increased by 51% from 2000. This increase
resulted mostly from significant monitoring and
reporting violations, which increased 53%, and
not health-based violations, which increased  1%.
EPA believes that the major reason for this
substantial increase was that 2001 was the end
of a three-year monitoring period for chemical
contaminant monitoring by systems.  This report
is, therefore, composed of data on chemical
monitoring violations that occurred in 2001 and
other chemical monitoring violations for the
three-year monitoring period of 1999 through
2001. The most violated health-based standard
continues to be the Total Coliform Rule. The
10,179 violations of the health-based standards
for the Total Coliform Rule represent 71% of all
reported violations of health-based standards in
2001. For community water systems, the number
of Total Coliform Rule violations increased
slightly from 2000. Health-based violations of the
rule increased 1%, while significant monitoring
and reporting violations increased 6%.

The following recommendations were
incorporated into EPAs enforcement and
compliance assurance program planning for
Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001.

States and EPA should continue working
together to address significant violations  of
monitoring and reporting requirements.

States and EPA should continue working
together to address violations ofMCL and
treatment technique requirements.

EPA continues to designate compliance  with the
SDWA microbial rules (the Total Coliform Rule
and the Surface Water Treatment Rule)  as a
national priority for its enforcement and
compliance assurance program.

EPA Regions are working with states  to evaluate
how well public water systems, especially large
systems, comply with the microbial rules and
whether enforcement actions are being  initiated
when appropriate. Regions and states are also
identifying and evaluating microbial risks to
watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement
and compliance efforts on ensuring the  safety of
drinking water sources. Considerable effort will
also be devoted to training and compliance
assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of
small public water systems and Indian tribes to
maintain compliance both with established rules
and with new microbial rules such as the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the
Ground Water Rule.

With respect to the rest of the drinking water
program, states and EPA are continuing their
efforts to implement the recommendations of the
national public water system reports:

•   EPA provides funding to support nine
    technology assistance centers that help small
    systems with training, technical assistance,
    and technology demonstrations.

•   States and EPA help promote compliance
    with existing drinking water requirements by
    conducting numerous assistance activities,
    such as on-site visits and  the development
    and distribution of easy-to-read guides and
    checklists.

•   EPA funding established and maintains the
    Local Government Environmental Assistance
    Network (LGEAN),  a source of free
    information on current and developing SDWA
    requirements (as well as technical assistance,
    peer counseling, and financial guidance).
    LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at
    www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-
    TO-LGEAN (865-4326).

•   EPA is developing a list of approved
    compliance technologies that will  encourage
    small systems to use the existing flexibility in
    the regulations in selecting treatment for
    drinking water while still providing adequate
    public health protection.

•   The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement
    actions against violating public water systems
    both to discourage violations and to level the
    playing field for systems that devote
    resources to maintaining compliance.

EPA,  states, and drinking  water stakeholders
should continue to work cooperatively to
improve the quality of compliance data.

Since September 1998, the findings and
recommendations of the national public water
systems reports have been incorporated into
EPAs ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of
data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report,
EPA noted that compliance  data in many
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report— National Summary
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individual state reports differed from the data
reported to SDWIS/FED.  In 1998, EPA, states,
and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our
data quality goal should be "100% complete,
accurate, and timely data submitted by public
water systems and primacy agencies, consistent
with SDWA reporting requirements." Further
analysis and discussions among the stakeholders
led to establishment of interim milestones for
how soon that goal will be achieved.
EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders
made significant progress on most of the data
recommendations of the earlier national reports
— in some instances achieving full
implementation. Among the major
accomplishments, EPA has:
•  improved the display of drinking water data
   in Envirofacts;
•  characterized and quantified the data quality
   problem;

•  taken interim steps to improve data quality,
   including improvements to the data entry
   tools states use to put information in
   SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism
   that enables water  systems to confirm the
   accuracy of data before it is accepted by
   SDWIS/FED; and

•  made a long-term commitment to achieve and
   maintain data quality goals.
                                   More remains to be done to achieve the goal of
                                   100% accurate, complete, and timely
                                   information. Some of the next steps EPA, states,
                                   and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed
                                   to undertake include:
                                   •   streamlining data reporting and reducing rule
                                       complexity;

                                   •   conducting more training to ensure regulatory
                                       staff can accurately determine compliance
                                       with drinking water rules and data entry staff
                                       can upload complete and accurate data to
                                       SDWIS/FED;

                                   •   making SDWIS/FED error reports more user
                                       friendly and understandable to state drinking
                                       water managers;

                                   •   encouraging states to  issue annual reminders
                                       to water systems of their compliance
                                       monitoring schedules;

                                   •   providing states with individual, prioritized
                                       recommendations for improving their data
                                       quality;

                                   •   performing more frequent data verification
                                       audits; and

                                   •   calculating estimates for  SDWIS/FED data
                                       quality every 3 years,  or more frequently if
                                       data from a sufficient number of data
                                       verifications are available.
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    National Summary of  Compliance for  Public
      Water  Systems  in  Indian  Country in  2001
INTRODUCTION
This section of the 2001 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are
meeting the goal of ensuring that public water
systems in Indian country provide safe drinking
water.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
INDIAN COUNTRY	

Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary
enforcement authority (known as primacy) to
administer the drinking water program provided
they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and
1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As
of 2001, only the Navajo Nation has received
primacy for most public water systems on the
Navajo Reservation. For the purposes of this
report, EPA, therefore,  administers the drinking
water program in the rest of Indian country.

A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by
this section appears in Appendix C.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA	

Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages
outside of Indian country are not included in this
section of the report. Similarly, compliance
figures for  18 public water systems in Indian
country located in Oklahoma are not included in
this section of the report. In both cases, this
information is found in the state reports for
Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state
reports do not, however, contain separate
information on these public water systems.
DATA QUALITY	

This report uses information from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System/Federal
Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national
database where EPA records information on
public water systems in Indian country. Public
water systems in Indian country are required to
report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the
information to determine compliance with the
national primary drinking water regulations of
SDWA.

This report also discusses the limitations in the
data EPA uses to measure its success and the
steps it is taking to increase data reliability and
completeness. The report also discusses EPAs
compliance assistance, enforcement, and
financial assistance programs. EPA plans to
continue its data quality efforts during 2002 to
ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and
accurate information. A complete discussion of
data quality is in the National Summary of Public
Water Systems Compliance in 2001 under the
section entitled Data Quality.
FINDINGS	

In 2001, 974 public water systems in Indian
country served 734,684 users.

•  754 community water systems served
   617,617 people in their primary residences.

•  113 non-transient non-community systems
   (schools and factories) served 92,863 people
   in places they frequented.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country
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September 2003

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    107 transient non- community systems
    (campgrounds and highway rest stops) served
    24,204 people who passed through.
          Percentage of Systems by Type
                                       Systems with Reported Significant Violations
           • Community
           D Transient Non-Community
           D Non-Transient Non-Community

Almost all public water systems in Indian
country were small. These small systems
provide drinking water to the majority of the
public who drank water in Indian country.

•   Over 95% of public water systems in Indian
    country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These
    930 small systems served 62% of the people
    who received water from public water
    systems in Indian country. Conversely,  44
    public water systems in Indian country serve
    38% of the people who received water from
    public water systems in Indian country.


SDWIS/FED records no violations for most
public water systems in Indian country.

•   588 of 974 water systems (60%) had no
    reported health-based or significant reporting
    violations.
                                        • No Reported Significant Violations
                                        D Reported Significant Violations of Some Kind

                                   95% of public water systems in Indian country
                                   reported no violations of a health-based
                                   drinking water standard in 2001.

                                   •   92 health-based violations in Indian country,
                                       including multiple violations by some
                                       systems, were reported to SDWIS/FED in
                                       2001. The Maximum Contaminant Level
                                       (MCL) for the Total Coliform Rule (92%) was
                                       the health-based standard most frequently
                                       violated.
                                       Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
                                    100%

                                    90%

                                    80%

                                    70%

                                    60%

                                    50%

                                    40%

                                    30%

                                    20%

                                    10%

                                     0%
92%








0%
Chem















8%
I 0% I I
TCR LCR SWTR
                                                                 I Percentage of Health-Based Violations
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The vast majority of violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2001 were for a public water
system's significant failure to monitor and
report, rather than for a health-based MCL or
a treatment technique violation detected and
reported.

•   Of the 1,185 violations reported to
    SDWIS/FED in 2001, 983 (83%) were
    significant violations of monitoring and
    reporting requirements. If a system did not
    monitor the quality of its water, it is
    impossible to know if it has violated health-
    based requirements.
•   Public water systems in Indian country
    represent 0.6% of all public water systems in
    the United States but were responsible for
    1.1% of all monitoring and reporting
    violations at public water  systems reported to
    SDWIS/FED in 2001.

                Type of Violations
              D Health-based
              • Monitoring and Reporting
              D CCR
As reported to SDWIS/FED, 93% of community
water systems in Indian country complied with
the Consumer Confidence Report Rule.

•   The Consumer Confidence Report Rule
    requires all community water systems to
    provide an annual report to customers
    identifying the contaminants detected in their
    water and the health risks associated with
    those contaminants.
•   In calendar year 2001, 70 community water
    systems in Indian country were found to have
    a "significant" violation of the Consumer
    Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the
    community water system completely failed to
    provide the required report.
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
AND ENFORCEMENT	

EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public
water systems in Indian country comply with
SDWA regulations.

EPAs tribal compliance assistance program is
designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA
by building cooperative working relationships
with utility managers, operators, other tribal
environmental staff, and tribal elected officials.
The program emphasizes information exchanges,
operation assistance, and water quality
monitoring.

EPA gives information and assistance directly to
tribal public water system operators, utility
managers, and owners through  training sessions,
newsletters, telephone support,  and system visits.
On-site technical assistance is provided by
engineers and qualified staff who work with
tribes to assess current compliance status,
develop monitoring schedules and compliance
plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA
coordinates many of these activities with other
federal agencies, including the Indian Health
Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.
Coordination also occurs with non-governmental
organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including
the Native American Water Association, the Rural
Water Association, and the Rural Community
Assistance Corporation.

EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement
actions against owners or operators of public
water systems in Indian country if a system is not
in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA
relies on compliance assistance and informal
enforcement actions to facilitate a tribally-owned
or -managed public water system's  return to
compliance. When a formal enforcement action is
appropriate, EPA can initiate  administrative
orders, including emergency administrative
orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the
Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the
Administration of Environmental Programs on
Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy,  11/8/84)
and the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country
                        Page 15
September 2003

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Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency's
approach to bringing civil administrative or
judicial enforcement actions against systems
owned, operated, or managed by tribal
governments.

Public water systems are required to monitor for
89 different contaminants and conduct analyses
using a variety of EPA-approved analytical
methods. Where a system fails to perform
monitoring for some or all of the required
contaminants, a separate monitoring and
reporting violation is recorded for each missed
contaminant. Each of these violations is
enforceable.


FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE	

EPA provides financial assistance to public water
systems in Indian country to help build tribal
capacity to operate and maintain systems in
compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a
long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes
grants, training, and technical assistance as they
develop their environmental programs. EPAs
General Assistance Program builds tribal
capacity by providing grants to plan,  develop, and
establish environmental protection programs,
including drinking water programs.

EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking
water program priorities. EPA allotted
approximately $2.7 million (3% of the set-aside of
public water systems appropriations) for
implementing the Tribal Public Water System
Supervision Program in each of the last four
fiscal years — fiscal year 1998, fiscal year 1999,
fiscal year 2000, and fiscal year 2001. Through
this program, EPA awarded  a number of grants
to tribes and tribal organizations to address
various aspects of the drinking water program.

In addition to the 3% set-aside, EPA received an
additional $3 to $4 million in each of the last
four fiscal years for drinking water needs on
Indian lands. EPA is focusing on activities such
as:

•   capacity development projects;

•   source water and wellhead protection
    projects;

•   development of a voluntary operator
    certification program for tribes;
                                   •   provision of operator training and
                                       certification to tribal operators;

                                   •   consolidation of PWSs;

                                   •   distribution system improvements;

                                   •   community water system extensions;

                                   •   replacement of water mains;

                                   •   adding new wells;

                                   •   treatment improvements; and

                                   •   construction of new pumphouses.


                                   In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an
                                   infrastructure funding program was established
                                   to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the
                                   appropriation for the national Drinking Water
                                   State Revolving Fund program is set aside for
                                   American Indian communities and Alaska Native
                                   Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997
                                   appropriation amounted to $19.25 million.
                                   Subsequent set-asides have been: $10.87 million
                                   in fiscal year  1998; $11.625 million in fiscal year
                                   1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; and
                                   $12.347 million in fiscal year 2001.

                                   Finally, technical assistance and training for
                                   small tribally-owned or -operated public water
                                   systems are also provided. For example, EPA
                                   currently has three cooperative agreements with
                                   the National Rural Water Association to provide
                                   support to small public water systems, including
                                   those owned or operated by tribes. Through the
                                   cooperative agreements, small tribal public water
                                   systems receive information on training and
                                   technical assistance, wellhead and ground water
                                   protection, and source water protection.


                                   CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

                                   In 2001, EPA Regions reported that 40% of the
                                   public water systems in Indian country reported
                                   a violation of a  health-based standard, a
                                   significant monitoring and reporting violation, or
                                   a significant consumer notification violation. This
                                   represents an overall increase from 2000 when
                                   35% of facilities reported a violation of a health-
                                   based standard, a significant monitoring and
                                   reporting violation, or a significant consumer
                                   notification violation. A factor that contributed to
                                   this increase in the number of systems with
                                   violations in 2001 is that public water systems
                                   and EPA continued to address data quality issues
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that have led to the identification of additional
systems with violations.
During 2001, there was a noticeable decrease in
the total number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian
country from 1,183 in 2000 to 983 in 2001.
EPA continues to implement two primary
recommendations from previous reports:
(1) improve collection and maintenance of
compliance data for public water systems in
Indian country; and (2) place a priority on
decreasing the number of monitoring and
reporting violations to gain a full understanding
of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will
accomplish these recommendations by:
•   continuing to work cooperatively with tribal
    governments and their utility managers and
    water system operators to improve
    compliance with monitoring and reporting
    requirements and with health-based
    standards, particularly the Total Coliform
    Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule;
•   increasing EPAs field presence, conducting
    more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging
    in targeted technical and compliance
    assistance and enforcement;
•   improving the inventory of public water
    systems in Indian country;
•   improving the collection and entry into
    SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement
    information in a timely manner to avoid
    keeping multiple records;
•   continuing to support and encourage capital
    improvements for public water systems to
    improve the infrastructure (and therefore
    compliance with SDWA requirements) of
    public water systems in Indian country,
    including grants provided under the Drinking
    Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement
    Program; and

•   focusing on small  system compliance issues
    and the development of small system
    capacity.

Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to
compliance and enforcement issues at public
water systems owned, operated,  or managed by
tribal governments in  a manner consistent with
SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles. As such, EPA usually
emphasizes compliance assistance as the first
step in returning these systems to compliance.
Where compliance assistance is ineffective or
where, among other things, there is a significant
threat to human health or the environment, EPA
takes appropriate steps to return systems to
compliance, including formal enforcement
actions.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Section on Indian Country
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September 2003

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   Appendix A



Glossary of Terms

-------

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Administrative Order
Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a
State to address noncompliance at a public water
system, usually by means of a compliance
schedule with enforceable milestone dates.

Chemical Rules
Refers collectively to regulations that protect the
public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper),
and radioactivity in drinking water.

Community Water System
A public water system that serves at least 15
service connections used by year-round residents
or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents (e.g., homes, apartments and
condominiums that are occupied year-round as
primary residences).

Consumer Confidence Rule
Requires community water  systems to prepare
and provide to their customers annual consumer
confidence reports on the quality of the water
delivered by the systems.

Federally-recognized Indian Tribe
An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo,
community, or Alaska Native Village that the
Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as
an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally
Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25
U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the
Department of the Interior,  the list of federally-
recognized tribes is updated periodically and
published in the Federal Register.  The latest list
of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available
at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000).

Health-based Violation
A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant
Level or a Treatment Technique requirement.

Inorganic Chemicals
These non-carbon based compounds (such as
metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur
naturally in some sources of drinking water or be
introduced by human activity. EPA has
established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants.
Violations of standards for lead and copper are
addressed separately.

Large System
A public water system that serves more than
10,000 people.
Lead and Copper Rule
Requires a public water system to take steps to
minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper
in drinking water by monitoring for these
contaminants, installing corrosion control where
required, and, where necessary, educating the
public about ways to reduce exposure. A system
may also be required to treat its source water or
replace lead service lines.

Maximum Contaminant Level
The maximum permissible  level of a contaminant
in water delivered to any user of a public water
system.

Monitoring and Reporting Violation
Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and
reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-
specific minimum testing schedules and
operational reporting requirements. Those
monitoring and reporting violations considered
"significant" for the purposes of the state and
national public water system compliance reports
are described below in Table A-l.

Nitrate and  Nitrite
Inorganic compounds that can enter water
supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff,
livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater
discharges.

Non-transient Non-community Water System
A non-community public water system that
regularly serves at least 25  of the same persons
over six months per year. A typical example of a
non-transient non-community water system is a
school or an office building that has its own
water source, such as a drinking water well.

Organic Chemicals
These carbon-based compounds, such as
solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water
through a variety of means, including factory
discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has
established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants.

Primacy
The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA,
States, and Tribes to work  as partners to ensure
delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any
State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility
for operation and oversight of the drinking water
program within its borders. In order to receive
this responsibility (called "primary enforcement
authority" or "primacy"), a State or Tribe must
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A
                       Page A-l
September 2003

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show, among other things, that it has adopted
drinking water regulations that are at least as
stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate
its capacity both to enforce those regulations and
to implement other activities necessary to ensure
compliance.

In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA
assumes responsibility for administering the
drinking water program for that area. Of the 56
eligible States (defined to include
Commonwealths, Territories,  and the District of
Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of
Columbia have primacy. During calendar year
2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the
drinking water program within these two
jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for
the Navajo Nation.

Primary Drinking Water Regulations
These are regulations that apply to public water
systems; specify contaminants which, in the
judgment of the Administrator, may have an
adverse effect on the health of persons; and
specify for each such contaminant either a
maximum contaminant level or a treatment
technique.

Public Water System
A system for the provision to  the public of water
for  human consumption through pipes or other
constructed conveyances, if such system has at
least 15 service connections or regularly serves at
least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the
year. A public water system can be either a
community water system, a non-transient non-
community water system, or a transient non-
community water system.

Radionuclides
Radioactive particles, such as radium-226,
radium-228, gross alpha, and beta
particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally
in water or may  result from human activity. EPA
has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters,
alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228.

Regional Offices
Responsible for implementing Environmental
Protection Agency programs within their
respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices
cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and
local agencies, as well as with industry, academic
                                   institutions, and other private groups to ensure
                                   that Regional needs are addressed and that
                                   Federal environmental laws are upheld.

                                   Small  Systems
                                   Public  water systems that serve no more than
                                   3,300 people.

                                   Surface  Water Treatment Rule
                                   The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
                                   requires  a public water system served by surface
                                   water or  by ground water under the influence of
                                   surface water to take steps (such as disinfection,
                                   filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed
                                   control) to  reduce potential exposure to
                                   microbiological contamination.

                                   Total Coliform Rule
                                   Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water
                                   distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria,
                                   which are found in decaying organic material and
                                   in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are
                                   usually not harmful to human health, their
                                   presence may indicate the presence  of other,
                                   more dangerous microbial contamination.

                                   SDWIS/FED
                                   EPAs database  for collecting safe drinking water
                                   monitoring results from oversight agencies.
                                   SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water
                                   Information System. Public Water Systems are
                                   required to report all monitoring results to the
                                   primary enforcement authority. States with
                                   primacy,  or EPA where it administers the
                                   program, analyze the monitoring results,
                                   determine compliance, and report violations to
                                   EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records
                                   of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED
                                   records only violations, not results that
                                   demonstrate compliance with drinking water
                                   standards.

                                   Total Trihalomethanes
                                   These chemicals can be by-products of chemical
                                   processes used to disinfect drinking water.

                                   Transient  Non-community Water  System
                                   A non-community water system that regularly
                                   serves  at least 25 people (but not the same 25)
                                   over six months per year. A typical example is a
                                   campground or a highway rest stop  that has its
                                   own water  source, such as a drinking water well.
September 2003
Page A-2
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A

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Treatment Technique
In cases where EPA has determined it is not
technically or economically feasible to establish
an MCL,  the Agency can instead specify a
treatment technique. These are treatment
methods required by EPA to minimize the level of
a contaminant in drinking water.

Variances and Exemptions
A public  water system that cannot comply with a
drinking water standard because of poor source
water quality, or, in the case of small systems,
inadequate financial resources, can be granted a
variance  to comply with less stringent, but still
protective standards based on a specific EPA-
approved technology available to the system. An
exemption allows a PWS with compelling
circumstances (including economic
considerations) additional time to achieve
compliance with applicable SDWA requirements,
so long as public health is adequately protected.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A                           Page A-3  •   September 2003

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                   TABLE A-l:  SIGNIFICANT  MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR
                       ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM  REPORTS
Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water
Treatment Rule
Lead and
Copper Rule
c Phase 1, II, MB,
and V Rules
h
Total
e Trihalomethanes
m Radionuclides
Violation Type
Major routine
Major repeat
Major (filtered)
Major (unfiltered)
Initial lead and
copper tap
Follow-up or
routine lead
and copper tap
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Description
No samples collected during a
compliance period
No follow-up samples
collected after a positive total
coliform sample or no
speciation
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Either failed to collect the
initial tap samples, and then
failed to correct that omission
within a) 3 months for large
systems, b) 6 months for
medium systems, or c) 12
months for small systems; or
failed to submit the associated
report
Failed to collect 1 or more
required samples
Failed to collect any required
samples2
Failed to collect any required
samples
Failed to collect any required
samples
SDWIS
Violation Code1
23
25
36
31
51
52
03
03
03
SDWIS
Contaminant Code
3100
3100
None
None


By contaminant
2950
4000, 4100,
4010
1  EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting
   violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.
2  Failure to collect "any required samples" means none of the required samples were collected.
September 2003
Page A-4
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A

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           TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR
                      PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2001
Applicability of Regulations
Contaminant/Rule
Organic Contaminants
Total Trihalomethanes
Contaminants
(TTHM)
Inorganic Contaminants
Nitrate and Nitrite
Contaminants
Radionuclides
Contaminants
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Community
Water Systems
All
Only systems serving more
than 10,000
All
All
All
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
All
Non-transient Non-
Community Water Systems
All
None
All except arsenic
and fluoride
All
None
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
All
Transient Non-Community
Water Systems
Only epichlorohydrin
and acrylamide
None
None
All
None
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
None
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix A
Page A-5
September 2003

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       Appendix B

Summaries of State Annual
   Compliance Reports

-------

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CONTENTS
Alabama 	B-7
Alaska  	 B-8
American Samoa	B-9
Arizona 	B-10
Arkansas 	 B-l1
California	B-12
Colorado 	B-13
Connecticut  	B-14
Delaware 	B-15
District of Columbia	B-16
Florida	B-17
Georgia	B-18
Guam  	B-19
Hawaii	B-20
Idaho	B-21
Illinois  	B-22
Indiana	B-23
Iowa	B-24
Kansas 	 B-25
Kentucky	B-26
Louisiana	B-27
Maine	B-28
Maryland	B-29
Massachusetts	B-30
Michigan	B-31
Minnesota	B-32
Mississippi	B-33
Missouri	B-34
Montana	B-35
Nebraska 	 B-36
Nevada  	 B-37
New Hampshire	B-38
New Jersey	B-39
New Mexico	B-40
New York	B-41
North Carolina	B-42
North Dakota	B-43
Northern Mariana Islands	B-44
Ohio	B-45
Oklahoma	B-46
Oregon  	 B-47
Pennsylvania	B-48
Puerto Rico	B-49
Rhode Island	B-50
South Carolina	B-51
South Dakota	B-52
Tennessee	B-53
Texas	B-54
Utah	B-55
Vermont	B-56
Virgin Islands	B-57
Virginia	B-58
Washington	B-59
West Virginia	B-60
Wisconsin	B-61
Wyoming	B-62
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                      Page B-l
September 2003

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This Appendix presents a summary of each state
report in a standardized format. The format
includes an overall summary of the violations
data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e.,
violations with respect to maximum contaminant
levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations,
significant monitoring and reporting
requirements, significant notification violations,
and variances and exemptions).

 This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the
 States, but does not interpret it. Therefore,  other factors
 must be taken into account before drawing conclusions
 about a State program. For example, public water systems
 are required to report all violations to the State, but State
 drinking water programs vary in the regulations they
 choose to emphasize. A State that decided  to focus
 attention  and resources on one particular rule may have
 discovered and reported many more violations of that rule
 than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A
 disproportionate number of violations in a State could also
 indicate that the State needs to work with its public water
 systems to improve their compliance.
 Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided
 in the State summaries within the context of each State
 and its individual drinking water program.

In 2001,  EPA received State Public Water System
Compliance Reports from 46 of the 54 primacy
states, Commonwealths, and Territories. As in
past years, American Samoa, Guam,  and the
Northern Mariana Islands did not submit reports,
and, with limited exceptions, did not supply
information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did  not receive a
report from California,  Maine, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Virgin Islands, and the Navajo Nation.
Appendix B supplies what information is available
in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at public
water systems in the Pacific territories.
Because  the District of Columbia, Wyoming,  and
most Indian Tribes did not have primary
enforcement responsibility for drinking water in
calendar year 2001, EPA prepared reports for
those jurisdictions.

Violations for 2001	
EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment
technique, and significant monitoring and
reporting violations1 reported by each state in
five categories:
i
•   Violations of chemical contaminant
    requirements2
•   Violations of the Total Coliform Rule
•   Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule
•   Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule
•   Significant Notification Violation
EPA summarizes the numbers of individual
public water systems in violation in each of these
five categories, as reported by the state.
If a state's report did not include information in a
category, EPAs summary notes the omission.

2001 Totals	
EPA also summarizes the total number of
systems in each state, the total number of
violations reported, and the total number of
PWSs in violation,  if the state reported this
information. When states did not provide
information on the total number of public water
systems and/or total number of public water
systems in violation, EPA supplied that
information from the SDWIS/FED.

Systems  in Violation	
Systems in Violation is defined as the  number of
different systems with a reported violation of this
type. Some states counted a system with multiple
violations or violations in more than one category
as one violating system. Other states counted a
violating system each time it had a violation, or
once for each of the regulatory categories in
which it had a violation. If EPAs review of a
state's report indicated some violating systems
were counted more than once, an  asterisk notes
that the state's number possibly overcounts
violating systems.

Variances and Exemptions	
There were no reported violations of variances
and exemptions in 2001.

Where to Obtain  the 2001 Annual
Public Water Systems Report	
If a state's report includes information on how to
obtain a copy of the report, that information is
provided on the state summary page in this
Appendix.
   A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total
   Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A.
2  MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and
   radionuclide contaminants.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                         Page B-3
September 2003

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                                    Table B-l: Summary of Elements  Reported by States
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Submitted
Report
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR

X
MCL
X
X
M/R
X
X
TT
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information

X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems

X
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses

X
Identified Each
System with
MCL and TT
Violations

X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information1
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X

X

X

X

X

X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X


X
X
X

X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X







X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X


X
X
X

X
X
X
X

X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X





X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
  September 2003   •   Page B-4
2001  National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                            Table B-l:  Summary of Elements Reported by States (continued)
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Submitted
Report
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR
X
X

X
X
X
MCL
X
X
X
X
X
X
M/R
X
X
X
X
X
X
TT
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X

X
X
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems
X





Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X

X


Identified Each
System with
MCL and TT
Violations
X
X

X

X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information1
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X


X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X

X
X








X
X
X
X
X

X

X


X
X
X
X
X
X

X

X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X


X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X

X
X
X







X


X
X

X

X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-5
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Alabama 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
686t
87t
564
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Alabama's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEM
Drinking Water Branch
R 0. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL
36130-1463
Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html

E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-7
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Alaska 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,584
845
8,463
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Alaska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEC
DW/WW Program
555 Cordova Street
Anchorage, AK 99501
Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm
Telephone: (907) 269-7647
September 2003
Page B-8
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                              American Samoa 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
22
18t
68
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-9
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Arizona 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,659
533
1,115
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arizona's State Report is available by contacting:
Jeff Stuck
E-mail: stuck.jeff@ev.state.az.us
Telephone: (602) 207-4619
September 2003
Page B-10
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Arkansas 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,135*
323t
584
* Total number of PWS (1,190) and total number of PWS in operation (1,135) differ in the report.
The total number of PWS in operation is shown here.
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the  2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arkansas' State Report is  available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Arkansas Department of Health
Shared Services
4815 West Markham Street
Litttle Rock, AR  72205-2032
Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/
Attention: Patrick Harris, Compliance/Enforcement Officer
Telephone:  (501) 661-2623
Fax:  (501)  661-2032
E-mail: pharris@HealthyArkansas.com
Arkansas' State Report is  also available at all local  health units in Arkansas.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-l 1
September 2003

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                             State of California 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,000
2,014
2,250
Where to Obtain the  2001 Annual State Public Water Systems  Report
California did not publish  an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
September 2003
B-12
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Colorado 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,088
627*
1,919
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Colorado's State Report is available by contacting:
Sandra McDonald
E-mail: skmcdona@smtpgate.dphe.state.co.us
Telephone: (303) 692-3587
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-13
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Connecticut 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,120
l,377t
4,107
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001  Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Connecticut's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Water Supplies Section
Department of Public Health
450 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, CT  06106-1365
Web Site:  http://www.dph.state.ct.us/
Telephone: (860) 509-7333
Connecticut's State Report is also available at public libraries in Connecticut.
September 2003
Page B-14
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Delaware 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
611
79
134
Where to Obtain the 2001  Annual State  Public Water Systems Report

Delaware's State Report is available by contacting:

Office of Drinking Water
Division of Public Health
Blue Hen Corporate Center
655 Bay Road, Suite 203
Dover, DE 19903

Telephone: (302) 739-5410
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-l5
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                             District of Columbia 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2
0
0
Where to Obtain the  2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
District of Columbia's Report is available by accessing EPA Region Ill's web site or by contacting:
Drinking Water Branch (3WP22)
U.S. EPA Region III
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029
Attention: George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager
Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm
Telephone: (215) 814-5781
FAX: (215) 814-2318
E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov
September 2003
Page B-16
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                                State of Florida 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,900
l,264t
6,598
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001  Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Florida's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kenna Study
Web Site:  http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/Wf/default.htm
Telephone: (850) 921-9414
E-mail: Kenna.Study@dep.state.fl.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-17
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                                State of Georgia 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
 The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here. Number of systems in violation exceeds number of violations. Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,536t
l,210t
1,872
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Georgia's State Report is available  by contacting:

Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
Drinking Water Program
Information Management Unit
2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive
Suite  1362 East
Atlanta, GA 30334

Attention:  Doug Davenport

Telephone: (404) 651-5162
September 2003
Page B-18
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                                  Guam 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12
2
2
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-19
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Hawaii 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
132
8
52
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Hawaii's State Report is available by contacting:

Hawaii Department of Health
Safe Drinking Water Branch
Environmental Management  Division
919 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 308
Honolulu,  HI  96814-4920

Telephone: (808) 586-4258
September 2003
Page B-20
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                                    State of Idaho 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state has nearly completed the process of switching its data management program to SDWIS and is able to report data from 1993 to 2001
that was left unreported in previous annual compliance reports. The numbers above represent not only violations for 2001, but all violations since
1993.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,087
943*
3,515*
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Idaho's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Idaho Department of Environmental Quality's  Regional Offices or the state's seven district health departments, or by
accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www2.state.id.us/deq/water/acr.htm
DEQ  Regional Offices and District Health Departments
North Idaho
Coeur d'Alene Regional Office
2110 Ironwood Parkway
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
(208) 769-1422

North Central Idaho
Lewiston Regional Office
1118 F Street
Lewiston, ID  83501
(208) 799-4370

South Central Idaho
Twin Falls Regional Office
601  Pole Line Road, Suite 2
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208)736-2190

Southeast Idaho
Pocatello Regional Office
224  South Arthur
Pocatello, ID 83204
(208) 236-6160
Southwest Idaho
Boise Regional Office
1445 North Orchard
Boise, ID 83706-2239
(208) 373-0550

Eastern Idaho
Idaho Falls Regional Office
900 N. Skyline, Suite B
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
(208) 528-2650
Health District 1
Panhandle Health District Dept.
322 Marion
Sandpoint, ID 83864
(208) 265-6384

Health District 2
North Central District Dept.
215 10th Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208) 799-0353

Health District 3
Southwest District Health Dept.
920 Main Street
Caldwell, ID  83605
(208) 455-5403

Health District 4
Central District Health Dept.
707 North Armstrong Place
Boise, ID 83704
(208) 327-7499
Health District 5
South Central District Health Dept.
1020 Washington Street North
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208)734-5900.  Ext. 217

Health District 6
Southeastern District Health Dept.
1901 Alvin Ricken Drive
Pocatello, ID 83201-2727
(208) 233-9080, Ext. 320

Health District 7
District Seven Health Dept.
254 "E" Street
Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597
(208) 523-5382
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                                                            Page B-21
                                             September 2003

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                               State of Illinois 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,928
396
1,168
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Illinois' State Report is available by contacting:
Illinois EPA's Division of Public Water Supplies
Telephone: (217) 782-9470
September 2003
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                               State of Indiana 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,322
2,095
8,430
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State  Public Water Systems Report
Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or contacting:
IDEM's Drinking Water Branch
Web Site:  http://www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/compliance.html
Telephone: (317) 308-3280
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-23
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                                 State of Iowa 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,022
480t
1,241
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Iowa's State Report is available by contacting:
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
401 S.W. 7th Street, Suite M
Des Moines, IA 50309-4611
Attention: Charlotte Lafargue Henderson,  Senior Environmental Specialist
Telephone:  (515) 725-0341
E-mail: charlotte.henderson@dnr.state.ia.us
September 2003
Page B-24
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                                  State of Kansas 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,099
259*
550
* Does not include systems violating the Consumer Confidence Report Rule.

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems  Report
Kansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kansas Department of Health and  Environment
Bureau of Water
1000 SW Jackson
Suite 420
Topeka, KS 66612-1367
Web Site: http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us
Director, Bureau of Water
Karl Mueldener
(785) 296-5500

Public Water Supply
Section Chief
Dave Waldo
(785)296-5514

Capacity Development
Cathy Tucker-Vogel
(785)368-7130

Engineering and Permits
Dan Clair
Compliance and Data
Management Unit Chief
Darrel Plummer
(785) 296-5523
(785) 296-5516

Program Development/
Enforcement
Kelly Kelsey
(785)296-6297

Inorganics, Organic
Compounds, Nitrate,
Consumer Confidence Report
Patti Cray
(785) 296-3016

Bacteriological, Surface Water
Treatment, Radionuclides
Jean Herrold
(785) 296-5518
Lead and Copper,
Trihalomethanes
Ron Cramer
(785) 296-5946

Data Management
Elian Spivey
(785) 296-6434

Data Entry
Kathy Fritts
(785)296-7111

Operator Certification
Vickie Jo Wessel
(785)296-2976
Source Water Assessment
Rob Beilfuss
(785)296-5535

Kansas Pws Loan Fund
William Carr
(785)296-0735
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                                                         Page B-25
                                         September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Kentucky 2001  PWS Compliance Report
 Violations Category
 Chemical Contaminant Group
 Total Coliform Rule
 Surface Water Treatment
 Lead and Copper Rule
 Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
627
260
2,147
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Kentucky's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kentucky Division of Water
Drinking Water Branch
14 Reilly Road
Ash Building
Frankfort, KY 40601
Web Site: http://water.nr.state.ky.us/dw/
Telephone: (502) 564-3410
Kentucky's State Report is also available through any of the Division's Regional Offices.
September 2003
Page B-26
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Louisiana 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,850
203
244**
** Total violations in the report (244) differ from the calculated total (309).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report

Louisiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Louisiana  Department of Health and Hospitals
Office of Public Health
Engineering Services
6867 Bluebonnet,  Suite 222
Baton Rouge, LA 70810

Telephone: (225) 765-5038
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-27
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Maine 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,993
866
1,594
Where to Obtain the  2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maine did  not publish an  Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State's contact for the drinking
water program is:
Nancy Beardsley, Director
Telephone: (207) 287-5674
September 2003
Page B-28
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                              State of Maryland 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,816
594t
1,056
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
Maryland's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nancy Reilman
Maryland Department of the Environment
Water Supply Program
Web Site:  http://www.mde.state.md.us
Telephone: (410) 631-3729
E-mail: nreilman@mde.state.md.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-29
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                           State of Massachusetts 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,677
293
469
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State's contact for the
drinking water program is:
Damon Guterman
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
Telephone: (617) 574-6811
E-mail: Damon.Guterman@state.ma.us
September 2003
Page B-30
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Michigan 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12,294
2,079
3,623
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report

Michigan's State Report is available by contacting:

Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Drinking Water and Radiological Protection Division
RO. Box 30630
Lansing, Ml 48909-8130
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-31
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                             State of Minnesota 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
7,944
422
516
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State  Public Water Systems Report
Minnesota did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State's contact for the
drinking water program is:
Dennis E. Maki
Telephone: (651) 215-0756
E-mail: dennismaki@health.state.mn.us
September 2003
Page B-32
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                               State of Mississippi 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
  Monitoring violations are presented together in the report and may include violations for several rules. Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,463
222f
242
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001  Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Mississippi's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Melissa Parker
Mississippi State Department of Health
Web Site: www.msdh.state.ms.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-33
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Missouri 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,759
l,005t
2,020
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Missouri's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Public Drinking Water Program
RO. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Web Site:  http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/pdwp
Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331
September 2003
Page B-34
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Montana 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,017
699t
2,724
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain  the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems  Report

Montana's State Report  is available by contacting:

Public Water Supply  Section
Community Services  Bureau
Permitting & Compliance Division
Montana Department of Environmental Quality
RO. Box 200901
Helena, MT  59620-0901

Telephone: (406) 444-4400
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-35
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Nebraska 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Number of systems in violation exceeds the number of violations.
** Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,330
385t
563
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001  Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nebraska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services
Regulation and Licensure
301  Centennial Mall South
Lincoln, NE  68509
Web Site:  http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm
Telephone:  (402) 471-2541
September 2003
Page B-36
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Nevada 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
618
260
1,042
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nevada's State report  is available by contacting:
Bureau of Health Protection Services
1179 Fairview Drive
Suite 101
Carson City, NV 89701-5405
Telephone: (775) 687-6615 ext. 221
Nevada's State Report is also available for viewing at the Nevada Public Libraries in each county.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-37
September 2003

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                           State of New Hampshire 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,201
351t
942
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Hampshire's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau
6 Hazen Drive
RO. Box 95
Concord, NH  03301
Web Site:  http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb
Attention:  Laurie  Cullerot
Telephone: (603) 271-2954
E-mail: leullerot@des.state.nh.us
September 2003
Page B-38
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                              State of New Jersey 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,186
852t
8,577
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report
New Jersey's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site:  http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/violations2001.doc
New Jersey's State Report is also available at libraries  and county and local health offices.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-39
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                              State of New Mexico 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
l,246t
424t
448
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water  Systems Report

New Mexico's State Report is available by contacting:
Drinking Water Bureau
New Mexico Environment Department
525 Camino de los Marquez
Santa Fe,  NM 87501
September 2003
Page B-40
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                               State of New York 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violations and violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,186
960t
5,305
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the  2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New York's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
New York State Department of Health
Telephone:  (in state) (800) 458-1158 ext. 27650
Telephone:  (out of state) (518) 402-7650
E-mail: bpwsp@health.state.ny.us.
Web Site: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/search/index.htm, search on  "2001 Annual Report"
New York's State Report is also available through any of the local health departments.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-41
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                            State of North Carolina 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
7,829
4,242
10,527
* Total violations in the report (10,527) differs from the calculated total (9,648).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Carolina's State report is available by contacting:
North Carolina Public Water Supply Section
Telephone: (919) 715-3243
September 2003
Page B-42
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                             State of North Dakota 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
546
107
202**
 : Total violations in the report (202) differs from the calculated total (201).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Dakota's State Report is available by contacting:
North Dakota Department of Health
Division of Municipal Facilities
RO. Box 5520
1200 Missouri Avenue
Bismarck, ND  58506-5520
Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson
Telephone: (701) 328-5293
Fax: (701) 328-5200
E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-43
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                          Northern Mariana Islands 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
130
NR
0
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report.  EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
September 2003
Page B-44
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Ohio 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,718
2,106
6,050
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Ohio's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
PWS Annual Compliance Report
Ohio EPA — DDAGW
RO. Box 1049
Columbus, OH  43216-1049
Telephone: (614) 644-2752
Web Site:  http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-45
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Oklahoma 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,701
467t
710
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Oklahoma's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division, 8th Floor
707 N. Robinson
Oklahoma City, OK  73101-1677

Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division
RO. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73101-1677

Web Site:  http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html
September 2003
Page B-46
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                                 State of Oregon 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the summary table. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
**  Possible overcounting of violating systems, and the state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the summary table.
Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,756
1,496
8,880
Where to  Obtain the  2001  Annual State  Public Water Systems Report
Oregon's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Web Site: http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp/welcome.htm
Oregon's State report will  also be published in the newsletter "The Pipeline."
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-47
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                            State of Pennsylvania 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Pennsylvania regulations do not yet require Consumer Confidence Reports.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,208
1,818
7,227
Where to Obtain the 2001  Annual State  Public Water Systems Report
Pennsylvania's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management
RO. Box 8467, llth Floor RCSOB
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467
Telephone: (717) 787-5017
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us
September 2003
Page B-48
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                                 Puerto Rico 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
496
423t
4,636
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report

Puerto Rico's Report is available by contacting:

Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
Ponce de Leon Avenue,  #431 Nacional Plaza
9th Floor, Suite 903
Hato  Rey, PR  00917

Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
RO. Box 70184
Rio Piedras,  PR  00936

Telephone: (787) 777-0150/0151
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-49
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                            State of Rhode Island 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
475
25
27
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems  Report
Rhode  Island's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Office of Drinking Water Quality
Web Site: http://www.health.state.ri.us
Telephone: (401) 222-6867
Fax:  (401) 222-6953
September 2003
Page B-50
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                           State of South Carolina 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,551
279
4,795
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
SCDHEC's Bureau of Water
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Attention: Bruce Bleau
Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water
Telephone: (803) 898-4154
Fax:  (803) 898-3795
E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.state.sc.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-51
September 2003

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                             State of South Dakota 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
 Violations Category
 Chemical Contaminant Group
 Total Coliform Rule
 Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
 Consumer Confidence Report
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
707
213t
656
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain  the 2001 Annual  State Public Water  Systems Report
South Dakota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/annual.htm
September 2003
Page B-52
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                                 State of Tennessee 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,123
247t
792
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.

Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Tennessee's State Report is available by contacting:
Division of Water Supply — Central  Office
401 Church Street
6th Floor, L&C Tower
Nashville, TN  37243-1549
Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/index.html
Telephone: (615) 532-0191
Regional Environmental Assistance
Centers (EAC)—Division of Water Supply
1-888-891-8332

Chattanooga  EAC
Division of Water Supply
Suite 550 — State Office  Building
540 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013
1-888-891-8332

Columbia EAC
Division of Water Supply
2484 Park Plus Drive
Columbia, TN 38401
1-888-891-8332
Cookeville EAC
Division of Water Supply
121 South Willow
Cookeville, TN 38502
1-888-891-8332

Johnson City EAC
Division of Water Supply
2305 Silverdale Road
Johnson City, TN 37601-2162
1-888-891-8332

Knoxville EAC
Division of Water Supply
Suite 220 — State Plaza
2700 Middlebrook Pike
Knoxville, TN 37219
1-888-891-8332
Nashville EAC
Division of Water Supply
711 R. S. Gass Boulevard
Nashville, TN 37216
1-888-891-8332

Jackson EAC
Division of Water Supply
362 Carriage House Drive
Jackson, TN 38305-2222
1-888-891-8332
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
                                               Page B-53
                      September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                                 State of Texas 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
 : The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission conducts Chemical Contaminant Group monitoring for all systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,672
761
1,734**
** Total violations in the report (1,734) differs from the calculated total (1,670).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual  State Public Water Systems Report

Texas' State report is available by contacting:

Buck Henderson
Public Drinking Water Section (MCI55)
Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission

Telephone: (512) 239-0990
September 2003
Page B-54
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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                                 State of Utah 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
892t
286t
10,015
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State  Public Water  Systems  Report
Utah's State report is available by contacting:
Ken Bousfield
E-mail: KBOUSFIE@deq.state.ut.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-55
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Vermont 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
 Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,365
322f
950
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Vermont's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
Vermont Water Supply Division
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, VT 05671-0403

Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500
Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400

Web Site:  http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/waterl.htm
September 2003
Page B-56
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                               Virgin Islands 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
413
87
101
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virgin Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-57
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Virginia 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,696
346
1,212
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Office of Water Programs
Abingdon Field Office — Field  1
East Main Street
Abingdon, VA 24210
Attention:  Robert B. Taylor, Director
Telephone: (804) 786-1767
Web Site:  httpAV/vww.vdh.state.va.us
Telephone: (540) 676-5650
E-mail: RPayne.VDH.STATE.VA.US
September 2003
Page B-58
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Washington 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,240
1,622
2,903*
 Total violations in the report (3,746) differs from the calculated total (2,903).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Washington's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:

Department of  Health
Division of Drinking Water
RO. Box 47822
Olympia, Washington 98504-7822

Web Site:  http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcementyenflink2.htm
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-59
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                             State of West Virginia 2001  PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
l,346t
616
2,711
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001  Annual State Public Water Systems Report
West Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting the EPA's Safe Drinking
Water Hotline.
Web Site:  http:/www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/reports.htm
Telephone: Hotline (800) 426-4791
September 2003
Page B-60
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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Violations for 2001
                              State of Wisconsin 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform  Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
 : The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,589
3,727**
12,977
  Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Where to Obtain the  2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report

Wisconsin's State Report is available by contacting:

Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater
State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
RO. Box 7921
Madison, Wl  53707

Telephone: (608) 266-6669
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B
Page B-61
September 2003

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Violations for 2001
                               State of Wyoming 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** Violations may be undercounted.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
742
165t
333
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wyoming's State report is available by contacting:
EPA's Region 8  Environmental Information Services Center
Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917
E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov
September 2003
Page B-62
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix B

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    Appendix C



Map of Indian Lands

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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report — Appendix C                              Page C-l  •  September 2003

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