Providing Safe Drinking
Water In America
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public
A/ater Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National
Dublic Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Wate
Systems 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001
slational Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public
A/ater Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public
A/ater Systems 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National
Dublic Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance
Report 2001 National Public Water Systems 2001 National Public Wat
Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report 2000 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National
Dublic Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems 200
slational Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public
A/ater Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report 2001 National Public
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Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2201A)
Washington, DC 20460
EPA305-R-03-001
September 2003
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able of Contents
National Summary of Public Water Systems Compliance in 2001
Introduction 1
PWS Compliance 1
Findings 3
Data Quality 8
Enforcement and Compliance Assistance Programs 9
Information on and Evaluation of State Reports 10
State-by-State Summaries 10
Conclusions and Activities to Address Recommendations 10
National Summary of Compliance for Public Water Systems in Indian Country in 2001
Introduction 13
Public Water Systems in Indian Country 13
Public Water Systems in Alaska and Oklahoma 13
Data Quality 13
Findings 13
Compliance Assistance and Enforcement 15
Financial Assistance 16
Conclusions and Recommendations 16
Appendix A
Glossary of Terms A-l
Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual Compliance Reports B-l
Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands C-l
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Table of Contents Page i September 2003
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List of Tables
Table A-l: Significant Monitoring Violations for Annual State Public Water System Reports A-4
Table A-2: Summary of Drinking Water Regulations for Public Water Systems During 2000 A-5
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States B-4
September 2003 Page ii 2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Table of Contents
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National Summary of
Public Water Systems Compliance in 2001
INTRODUCTION
The National Public Water Systems Compliance
Report for 2001 describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and its
state partners are meeting the goal of ensuring
that Americans receive safe drinking water from
public water systems. The report also discusses
the data we use to measure our success and the
progress we are making in our efforts to increase
its reliability and completeness.
EPA prepares a National Public Water Systems
Compliance Report for every calendar year. The
report is an annual summary of violations at the
nation's public water systems. The report also
Public Water Systems
A Public Water System (PWS) is a system that
provides water for human consumption, if such
system has at least 15 service connections or
regularly serves at least 25 individuals at least 60
days out of the year. A public water system can be
one of three types:
Community Systems (CWS) serve at least 15
service connections (which may include
factories, schools, or places of housing that are
on the same distribution system as residences)
used by year-round residences or regularly serve
at least 25 year-round residents.
Non-transient Non-community Systems
(NTNCWS) serve at least 25 of the same
persons over six months per year (e.g., schools
or factories that have their own water source).
Transient Non-community Systems (TNCWS)
serve at least 25 persons (but not the same 25)
over six months per year (e.g., campgrounds or
highway rest stops that have their own water
source).
summarizes and evaluates annual reports
prepared by the states.1
The first part of this report draws information
from the Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED), EPAs
national database, to provide a national picture
of the maximum contaminant level, treatment
technique, significant monitoring and reporting,
significant consumer notification and variance or
exemption violations the states reported to EPA
for 2001. EPA aggregates these reported
violations at all public water systems in states,
commonwealths, territories and throughout
Indian country to present a national summary of
violations, and then presents summaries of
significant monitoring and reporting violations,
significant public notification violations, and
violations of health-based standards at the
different kinds of public water systems.
The second part of this report presents
information on public water systems throughout
Indian country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A.
Summaries and evaluations of completeness of
the states' annual public water systems reports
for 2001 are presented in Appendix B.
PWS COMPLIANCE
This report uses information from SDWIS/FED,
the national database where EPA records
information the states are required to report
about their public water systems. For the
national public water system compliance reports,
EPA examines SDWIS/FED records of violations
of primary drinking water regulations that
specify: 1) the maximum permissible level of a
The term "state" includes 56 states, commonwealths, and territories. All but Wyoming and the District of Columbia have
federal approval to Implement the drinking water program within their jurisdictions. Federal approval to Implement the
drinking water program Is called primary enforcement authority, or "primacy." During calendar year 2001, EPA Implemented
the drinking water program In Wyoming, the District of Columbia, and throughout most of Indian country and was responsible
for reporting the violations In these jurisdictions to SDWIS/FED. The Navajo Nation was approved for primacy and treatment
as a state In late 2000.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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How Does The Public Find Out If Its Drinking Water Is Safe?
Information Sent to Customers:
Consumer Confidence Report -
(http://www.epa.gov/safewater/ccr/pdfs/quickrefguide
_ccr.pdf) Every community water system is required to
produce a yearly report identifying the contaminants
detected in its water and the risks of exposure to those
contaminants. Large systems are required to mail their
customers the report. While medium systems and small
systems are required to produce the report, these
systems may obtain a waiver from the mailing
requirement. Very small systems are only required to
print the report in the local newspaper. The annual
water quality report or consumer confidence report
(CCR) provides customers with a more complete picture
of drinking water quality and systems operations. The
annual CCR tells customers what's in their water, where
it comes from, and where they can obtain additional
information.
Public Notification Rule (http://www.epa.gov/
safewater/pws/pn/rulefact.html) Public water systems
must notify their customers if there has been a violation
of drinking water standards. Public notification is
intended to ensure that consumers will always know if
there is a problem with their drinking water. Public
water systems must notify the people who drink their
water if the level of a contaminant in the water exceeds
EPA and State drinking water regulations, if there is a
waterborne disease outbreak or any other situation that
may pose a risk to the public health, if the water
system fails to test its water as required, or if the
system has a variance or exemption from the
regulations. Depending on the severity of the situation,
water suppliers have 24 hours to one year to notify
their customers. Public notification is provided in
addition to the CCR.
Information on the Internet:
Safewater Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/safewater) -
Provides information on the Safe Drinking Water Act,
individual water systems, contaminants that may be in
drinking water, and what individuals can do to help
protect sources of their drinking water.
Additional Information:
Call the community water system Billing statements
should provide a number to call with questions.
State Public Water Systems Compliance Report -
Each state's annual report discusses the violations at its
public water systems. Most state reports include a list
of violating facilities.
National Public Water Systems Compliance Report
(this report) Summarizes all reported violations at
America's public water systems.
Safe Drinking Water Hotline (1-800-426-4791) -
Answers questions about drinking water, lets callers
order documents from EPA, and can refer callers to EPA
experts if they need more information.
Envirofacts Web Site (http://www.epa.gov/enviro) -
Allows the public to access EPA databases containing
information on environmental activities that may affect
air, water, and land anywhere in the United States.
contaminant in water that is delivered to any
user of a public water system (Maximum
Contaminant Level or MCL); 2) techniques for
treating water to make it safe; 3) monitoring and
reporting requirements (how and when water
must be tested and the results reported) and 4)
significant user notification violations.2 While
SDWIS/FED collects information on monitoring
and reporting violations, only "significant"
monitoring and reporting violations are counted
in this report. A "significant" monitoring and
reporting violation occurs, with rare exceptions,
when no samples are taken or no results are
reported during a compliance period. Table A-l
provides a more detailed description of
significant monitoring violations for the different
rules. A significant user notification violation
occurs when a community water system
completely failed to provide to its users a
required report. Significant user notification
violations include violations of the Consumer
Confidence Report Regulation and violations of
the Public Notification Regulations. The
information provided in the Consumer
Confidence Report will supplement public
notification that water systems must provide to
their customers upon discovering any violation of
a contaminant standard. The CCR should not be
This report tabulates only "significant" monitoring and reporting violations. Table A-l presents descriptions of significant
monitoring violations for the different drinking water regulations.
September 2003
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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the primary notification of potential health risk
posed by drinking water, but will provide
customers with a snapshot of the quality of their
drinking water supply. Public Notification helps
to ensure that consumers receive timely
information about problems with their drinking
water. These Public Notification requirements
have always been a part of the Safe Drinking
Water Act.
As EPA reported in its Data Reliability Analysis
of the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information
System/Federal Version (SDWIS/FED) (EPA 816-
R-00-020, October 2000), where the data in
SDWIS/FED exist, the data are generally accurate.
This is particularly true of data related to the
number of public water systems, their size, and
their type. However, EPA's analysis revealed that
many states did not report some apparent
violations either to their own data systems or
to EPAs SDWIS/FED. It is important to note that
the study revealed that only 55% of the apparent
MCL violations and 10% of the apparent
monitoring and reporting violations had been
reported to SDWIS/FED (although what percent
of the unreported monitoring and reporting
violations are significant violations is unknown).
Since that report, EPA and its state partners have
worked towards the identification and resolution
of any problems that may have produced data
discrepancies in the past, and to prevent the
occurrence of future problems. Because these
ongoing efforts will result in significant
corrections and additions to the data in
SDWIS/FED, this 2001 report offers broad
national findings rather than detailed analysis
comparing previous National compliance
statistics.
More discussions of data quality concerns and
EPAs recommendations appear later in this
report.
FINDINGS
In 2001, 161,316 public water systems
together served almost 297 million users. The
actual number of individuals served was
smaller, because millions of Americans drank
water from, and were counted as users by,
more than one public water system during the
course of the year.
Percentage of Systems by Type
Transient Non-Community
D Community
D Non-Transient Non-Community
53,437 community water systems served
almost 268 million people in their primary
residences.
18,687 non-transient non-community
systems (schools, factories) served 6 million
people in places they frequented.
89,192 transient non-community systems
(campgrounds, highway rest stops) served a
constantly changing user base of almost 23
million people.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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Most public water systems were small, but
large systems served a majority of the people
who drank water from a public water system.
Size vs. Users Served3
95%
Qfi°/ -
77%
14%
1 2%
Small Systems Large Systems
Percentage of Systems Percentage of Users Served
95% of America's public water systems
(including nearly all of the transient non-
community systems), served 3,300 or fewer
users. Together, these 152,680 small systems
provided service to 14% of all users.
2% of America's public water systems served
more than 10,000 users. Together, these
3,837 large systems provided service to 77%
of all users.
As reported to SDWIS/FED, most of America's
public water systems did not have any
significant violations.
PWS with Reported Significant Violations
No Reported Significant Violation
D Reported Significant Violation of Some Kind
For 74% of the public water systems in
America, there was no report of a health-
based violation nor were there reports of
significant monitoring and reporting
violations.
The states reported either a health-based
violation, a significant monitoring and
reporting violation, or a significant consumer
confidence report violation at approximately
41,300 public water systems in 2001.
About 23,900 (58%) of the systems with
significant violations were non-community
water systems, all but 47 of which served
3,300 or fewer users each. Together, these
violating small non-community water systems
served drinking water to 3 million users.
89% of the approximately 17,400 community
water systems with a reported significant
violation served 3,300 or fewer users each.
Together, these violating small community
water systems served drinking water to
almost 7 million users.
Most Americans received drinking water from
public water systems that recorded no
significant violations in 2001.
Users Served by PWS
Without Reported Significant Violations
Users Served by PWS Without
Reported Significant Violations
D Users Served by PWS With
Reported Significant Violations
77% of the population served by public water
systems received drinking water from a
system that reported no violations of a
3 Because only 3% of public water systems are "medium" in size, i.e., serve between 3,301 and 10,000 users, and because only
9% of the population is served by them, this report omits discussion of "medium" systems.
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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health-based standard, was not cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement, and issued a
consumer confidence report, if required.
76% of the population served by community
water systems received drinking water from
a system that reported no violations of a
health-based standard, was not cited for a
significant violation of a monitoring and
reporting requirement, and issued a
consumer confidence report as required.
The vast majority of the 110,464 violations
the states reported to SDWIS/FED in 2001
were for a public water system's significant
failure to monitor and report, rather than
health-based MCL or treatment technique
violations detected and reported by a system.
During 2001, there was a substantial increase
in the total number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements for
the chemical contaminant group. The
increase in significant violations for the
chemical contaminant group in turn
increased the total number of monitoring and
reporting violations. EPA believes that the
major reason for this substantial increase
was that 2001 was the end of a three-year
monitoring period for chemical contaminant
monitoring by systems. This report is,
therefore, composed of data on chemical
monitoring violations that occurred in 2001
and other chemical monitoring violations for
the three-year monitoring period of 1999
through 2001.
Type of Reported Significant Violations
If a system did not monitor the quality of its
water, it is impossible to know if it has
violated a health-based requirement. For this
reason, a system's significant failure to
monitor and report is a major violation that
must be addressed and corrected.
38% of the 88,412 significant monitoring and
reporting violations reported by the states
were violations of the monitoring and
reporting requirements of the Total Coliform
Rule, a rule that applies to all types and sizes
of public water systems.
94% of America's public water systems
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2001.
PWS With No Reported Health-Based Violations
D Systems with Reported Health-Based Violations
Systems with No Reported Health-Based Violations
Monitoring and Reporting
D Health-Based
D Monitoring and Reporting CCR
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Health-Based Violations and Illness
It is important to note that a public water system's
violation of a health-based standard does not mean
that the people who drank the system's water got
sick. A health-based violation means either that the
system has exposed its users to what EPA has judged
as an unreasonable risk of illness, or that the system
has failed to treat its water to the extent EPA has
judged necessary to protect its users from an
unreasonable risk of illness in the event that the
regulated contaminant is present in source water.
Many variables affect the likelihood of illness resulting
from health-based violations, among them the
duration of the violation, whether or not the violation
occurred in an isolated section of a complex public
water system, and the extent to which contamination
exceeds the allowable level. While modern treatment
systems have substantially reduced the incidence of
waterborne disease, drinking water contamination
remains a significant health risk management
challenge. Studies by the Centers for Disease Control
(CDC) indicate that between 1980 and 1998 there
were 419 outbreaks of illness linked to contamination
in drinking water resulting in an estimated 511,000
cases of disease (Craun and Calderon, 1996; Levy et
al., 1998; Barwick et al., 2000). The majority of
outbreaks in the U.S. occurred at surface water
systems. Nearly 80% of all reported cases of illness
were associated with the 1993 Cryptosporidium
outbreak in Milwaukee, Wl, which resulted in an
estimated 403,000 cases (MacKenzie et al. 1994;
McDonald et al. 2001).
The number of waterborne disease outbreaks
identified and reported in the CDC database is
believed, however, to understate the actual incidence
of outbreaks and cases of illness (Craun and
Calderon, 1996; National Research Council, 1997).
Recognized and reported waterborne disease
outbreaks are usually the result of exposure to
waterborne pathogens that cause acute
gastrointestinal illness with diarrhea, abdominal
discomfort, nausea, and vomiting. Because such
illnesses are generally of short duration in healthy
people, many individuals experiencing these
symptoms do not seek medical attention. Where
medical attention is sought, the pathogenic agent may
not be identified through routine testing.
Consequently, outbreaks are often not recognized in a
community or, if recognized, are not traced to a
drinking water source. Moreover, an unknown but
probably significant portion of waterborne disease is
endemic (i.e., isolated cases not associated with an
outbreak) and, thus, is even more difficult to
recognize.
EPA's health-based standards are intended to provide
an adequate margin of safety not just for healthy
people, but also for populations that are at greater
risk from waterborne disease. These sensitive
subpopulations include children (especially the very
young), the elderly, the malnourished, pregnant
women, the disease-impaired (e.g., those with
diabetes, cystic fibrosis), and a broad category of
those with compromised immune systems, such as
AIDS patients, those with autoimmune disorders (e.g.,
rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, multiple
sclerosis), transplant recipients, and those on
chemotherapy (Rose, 1997). Immunocompromised
persons are more likely than healthy individuals to
contract waterborne disease, the severity and duration
of their illness is often greater, and they are at a
greater risk of death.
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The Maximum Contaminant Level for the Total
Coliform Rule (TCR) is the health-based
standard most frequently violated.
Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
100
Chem TCR LCR SWTR
Percentage of Health-Based Violations
SDWIS/FED recorded 14,334 violations of
health-based standards in 2001. 71% of these
violations were violations of the MCL for the
Total Coliform Rule (TCR), which must be
met by all types and sizes of public water
systems.4
As reported to SDWIS/FED, 88% of community
water systems complied with the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule.
The Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) Rule
requires all community water systems to
provide an annual report to customers
identifying the contaminants detected in their
water and the health risks associated with
those contaminants.
In calendar year 2001, 6,485 community
water systems were found to have a
"significant" violation of the CCR Rule,
meaning that the community water system
completely failed to provide the required
report.
No violations of variances or exemptions were
reported to SDWIS/FED during 2001.
Under Federal law, states can grant variances
or exemptions to public water systems in
limited circumstances allowing them to install
alternative technology or giving them more
time to meet a standard if public health is
adequately protected in the interim. The
states did not report any violations of
variances and exemptions for the few public
water systems that were operating under a
variance or exemption in 2001.
EPA and its state partners continue to take
enforcement actions against violators.5
During 2001, the 55 states (a term that included
states, commonwealths, territories and tribes)
with federal approval to implement the drinking
water program were also responsible for
initiating enforcement actions in response to
drinking water violations at public water
systems in their jurisdictions. EPA implemented
the drinking water program in Wyoming, the
District of Columbia, and in Indian country,
except for the Navajo Nation. The Agency initiated
enforcement responses in these areas and,
occasionally, in the states, which is usually at a
state's invitation. Together, EPA and the states
initiated over 1,000 formal enforcement actions,
each action potentially addressing multiple
violations.
In 2001 the states issued a total of 752
formal enforcement actions, including 392
administrative orders without penalty, 332
administrative orders with penalty, and 29
civil referrals to the states' Attorneys General.
During the same period, EPA issued a total of
338 formal enforcement actions, including
335 Federal administrative orders, one civil
case filed, and three referrals to the
Department of Justice for civil judicial action.
In 2000 community water systems of all sizes
For the annual compliance reports, EPA tracks violations of the contaminant rules in four categories: 1) chemical contami-
nants (Chem) violations of rules for organic, inorganic (except for lead and copper), and radioactive contaminants
compliance with many organic and inorganic standards is determined on the basis of shared samples, with one missed sample
resulting in a monitoring and reporting violation of many standards; 2) total coliform (TCR); 3) lead and copper (LCR); and
4) surface water treatment (SWTR). Coliform bacteria are usually not a threat to humans, but their presence in drinking
water can indicate a lapse in treatment and the possible presence of other, more dangerous, microbes.
There are several reasons why there will be a difference between the number of violations in a year and the number of formal
enforcement responses. For example, a state may choose to address a system's violations informally in a manner that returns
the system to compliance before the time interval has elapsed that by EPA guidance would necessitate initiation of a formal
enforcement response. Also, it is not uncommon for the regulator to address all of a violating system's multiple violations in
a single enforcement response. In addition, formal enforcement responses addressing violations discovered late in one
reporting year are generally not initiated until early in the following year.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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September 2003
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were required for the first time to comply
with the Consumer Confidence Report
requirements. All community water systems
were required to prepare and distribute a
brief annual water quality report. Many of the
systems, particularly the smaller systems, did
not comply with the requirements. As the
EPA had primacy for the Consumer
Confidence Report regulation, it initiated the
enforcement actions against those systems.
These enforcement actions significantly
increased the number of federal enforcement
actions in 2000 compared to the number of
federal enforcement actions taken by EPA in
the previous year. In the following year of
2001, the number of violations for the
Consumer Confidence Report decreased
significantly; likewise, the federal
enforcement actions pertaining to this
regulation also decreased significantly.
These totals do not take into account the
informal enforcement actions or the public water
systems that returned to compliance before EPA
and state procedures would require initiation of a
formal response.
EPA designates a public water system a signifi-
cant noncomplier if the system has serious,
frequent or persistent violations that may pose a
threat to public health. States and EPA give
significant noncompliers priority attention in
their efforts to return violators to compliance and
address violations with enforcement actions. For
2001 EPA and the states focused more of their
attention on returning to compliance significant
noncompliers that were identified as such in
2000 and earlier, as there were less systems
identified in 2001 as significant noncompliers.6
In calendar year 2001, EPA designated 15,407
public water systems significant noncompliers.
Most (98%) of these significant noncompliers
served 3,300 or fewer users. Most (10,466) of
these 15,407 systems were unaddressed
significant noncompliers from the end of 2000.
In 2001 states and EPA addressed 7,806
noncompliers. This was a 21% increase over
the number of noncompliers addressed in
2000. Of the noncompliers addressed, 2,754
were new noncompliers identified in 2001.
The other 5,052 systems addressed were
identified as noncompliers in 2000 and earlier.
Over 70% of the significant noncompliers
serving more than 3,300 users were addressed
by EPA and the states.
At the end of 2001, there were 2,187 new and
5,414 old significant violators that had not
been addressed. Just over 2% of these
unaddressed significant noncompliers served
more than 3,300 users.
DATA QUALITY
The data used in this report came from EPAs
national SDWIS/FED database. SDWIS/FED is
composed of data that states are required to
submit to SDWIS/FED each quarter. EPA uses
information in SDWIS/FED to assess progress in
the implementation of regulations, to develop
national enforcement and compliance priorities,
and to provide information to the public.
EPA periodically conducts data verifications
(independent, on-site audits) of state drinking
water programs to ensure that the state is
determining compliance in accordance with
Federal regulations. Data verifications help detect
differences between data in a state's files
(whether electronic or hard copy), and data in
SDWIS/FED.
As part of the ongoing data reliability efforts
described in past National Public Water Systems
Compliance Reports, EPA examined the results of
data verifications conducted from 1996 through
1998. Those audits, which covered 27 states
(including one where EPA itself administers the
drinking water program) and one territory,
analyzed data from almost 1,800 public water
systems. The data audits reviewed inventory
information (identifying systems, their number,
their size, and their type), apparent violations
that either were reported or should have been
reported, and any enforcement actions initiated.
EPAs review showed that the quality of the
information the states reported to SDWIS/FED is
high, but the data are incomplete. This finding
principally reflects differences between state and
EPA regulatory interpretation rather than a
preponderance of data management issues. Most
of the SDWIS/FED data quality problems EPA
identified were instances where violations that
6 Public water systems designated significant noncompliers late in the year are typically addressed early in the next year.
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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should have been recorded and reported did not
appear in SDWIS/FED. EPA found that a small
percentage of this incompleteness is because
SDWIS/FED will accept only properly transferred
data.
EPAs analysis of the data verifications found:
96% of all inventory data in SDWIS/FED was
accurate and complete.
The overall quality of SDWIS/FED violations
data is moderately high (estimated at 68%)
for the Total Coliform Rule standard, but is
very low for other health-based standards
and for monitoring and reporting.
Most of the discrepancies between apparent
and reported violations are because of
unrecorded and unreported violations. This
accounts for 56% of all discrepancies related
to maximum contaminant level violations,
83% of discrepancies related to Surface Water
Treatment Rule treatment technique
violations, and 94% of all discrepancies
related to monitoring and reporting
violations.
Only 10% of apparent monitoring and
reporting violations had been reported to
SDWIS/FED.
55% of the apparent MCL violations had been
reported to SDWIS/FED.
SDWIS/FED contained accurate and complete
information on 72% of the enforcement
actions found in the states' records.
This report is not a measure of the quality of
drinking water itself.
EPA continues to work with all of its state
partners to identify and resolve any problems
that may have produced data discrepancies in the
past, and to ensure that complete and accurate
documentation is available to help assess the
safety of our nation's drinking water.
In 2001, EPA continued to implement actions
under the draft 1998 National Infrastructure
Assurance Plan: Water Supply Section for the
purpose of improving the security of the critical
drinking water infrastructure. The Agency also
has in place as a counter-terrorism measure a
policy restricting the availability of location data
on PWS intakes and wells, and continues a
public/private partnership with water utilities to
improve the security of our drinking water.
ENFORCEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
States and EPA engage in a variety of activities to
help public water systems remain in and return
to compliance, including formal enforcement
actions, informal actions, and compliance and
technical assistance. State and EPA compliance
assistance efforts to help a source remain in or
return to compliance may include:
conducting on-site visits and sanitary surveys
at public water systems (i.e., an on-site
review of the water sources, facilities,
equipment, operations, and maintenance to
evaluate their adequacy in producing and
distributing safe drinking water);
helping systems invest in preventive
measures;
providing financial assistance for system
improvements through the Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund and other State funding
programs;
reviewing water system plans and
specifications;
conducting training sessions;
holding public information meetings;
lending specialized monitoring equipment;
and
publishing informational bulletins and
newsletters on training events and other
educational opportunities.
When a drinking water violation is detected and
it is determined that compliance assistance is not
the best tool to return a source to compliance,
EPA guidelines require a response from the
primacy agency as a condition of funding.
Acceptable responses include a variety of formal
and informal actions as the state or EPA attempts
to return a violating public water system to
compliance as quickly as possible.
Generally, the primacy agency's first responses to
violations are informal actions, such as:
reminder letters;
warning letters;
notices of violation;
field visits; and
telephone calls.
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If the violation continues or recurs, the primacy
agency must initiate a formal enforcement
response that requires the violating public water
system to return to compliance. Formal
enforcement responses include:
citations;
administrative orders with or without
penalties;
civil referrals to state attorneys general or to
the Department of Justice;
other sanctions such as denying permission
for system expansion; and
filing criminal charges.
If a situation poses an imminent risk to public
health, EPA and the state will issue an emergency
order that requires the public water system to
take the steps necessary to protect public health
and return the system to compliance.
INFORMATION ON AND
EVALUATION OF STATE REPORTS
EPA reviewed each 2001 annual state report to
determine if it met the requirements of the 1996
Amendments to SDWA. The contents of the state
reports are summarized in Table B-l in
Appendix B. Table B-l shows whether a state:
submitted a report to EPA;
included all required elements;
satisfied its statutory requirement to publish
and distribute summaries of the report that
inform the public of the availability of the full
report;
identified the size and type of violating
systems;
discussed the compliance assistance and
enforcement activities the state undertook in
response to violations;
included a list of PWSs with MCL or
treatment technique violations, as EPA
recommended in its guidance to states on
preparing their reports;
provided information to the public on
availability of the reports; and
included additional information of interest to
the public, such as the number of public
water systems in the state, their sizes and
types, and background on the Safe Drinking
Water Act and its implementation.
STATE-BY-STATE SUMMARIES
EPA provides a state-by-state summary of
information reported in each state report in
Appendix B. The standardized format includes
an overall summary of the violations data the
Safe Drinking Water Act requires states to report
(i.e., violations with respect to MCLs, treatment
technique violations, significant monitoring and
reporting violations, and variances and
exemptions). The summary for each state also
tells how to obtain a copy of the state's full
report.
In some instances, the data reported by a state in
July of 2002 may not agree with data currently in
SDWIS/FED. EPAs and the states' continual
efforts to ensure that the information in the
SDWIS/FED database is as accurate as possible
may have resulted in updates and corrections to
the data since the state published its report.
CONCLUSIONS AND ACTIVITIES TO
ADDRESS RECOMMENDATIONS
Most Americans received water from systems
which reported no violations of health-based
standards, and for which the states reported no
significant violations of monitoring and reporting
requirements.
There are significant differences in the numbers
of violations reported in 2000 and 2001, most
notably a 14% overall increase in violations. The
number of significant violations of monitoring
and reporting requirements increased by about
13,200 a 18% increase in violations between
2000 and 2001. In 2001, America's public water
systems detected and reported 689 more
violations of health-based standards a 5%
increase from 2000.
In 2001, States reported the largest number of
violations for the Chemical Contaminant Group.
The 43,353 significant violations of monitoring
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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and reporting requirements of the Chemical
Contaminant Group represent 49% of all
significant monitoring and reporting violations
reported by the states in 2001. The total number
of Chemical Contaminant Group violations
increased by 51% from 2000. This increase
resulted mostly from significant monitoring and
reporting violations, which increased 53%, and
not health-based violations, which increased 1%.
EPA believes that the major reason for this
substantial increase was that 2001 was the end
of a three-year monitoring period for chemical
contaminant monitoring by systems. This report
is, therefore, composed of data on chemical
monitoring violations that occurred in 2001 and
other chemical monitoring violations for the
three-year monitoring period of 1999 through
2001. The most violated health-based standard
continues to be the Total Coliform Rule. The
10,179 violations of the health-based standards
for the Total Coliform Rule represent 71% of all
reported violations of health-based standards in
2001. For community water systems, the number
of Total Coliform Rule violations increased
slightly from 2000. Health-based violations of the
rule increased 1%, while significant monitoring
and reporting violations increased 6%.
The following recommendations were
incorporated into EPAs enforcement and
compliance assurance program planning for
Fiscal Years 2000 and 2001.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements.
States and EPA should continue working
together to address violations ofMCL and
treatment technique requirements.
EPA continues to designate compliance with the
SDWA microbial rules (the Total Coliform Rule
and the Surface Water Treatment Rule) as a
national priority for its enforcement and
compliance assurance program.
EPA Regions are working with states to evaluate
how well public water systems, especially large
systems, comply with the microbial rules and
whether enforcement actions are being initiated
when appropriate. Regions and states are also
identifying and evaluating microbial risks to
watersheds in an attempt to focus enforcement
and compliance efforts on ensuring the safety of
drinking water sources. Considerable effort will
also be devoted to training and compliance
assistance. EPA will work to build the capacity of
small public water systems and Indian tribes to
maintain compliance both with established rules
and with new microbial rules such as the Interim
Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule and the
Ground Water Rule.
With respect to the rest of the drinking water
program, states and EPA are continuing their
efforts to implement the recommendations of the
national public water system reports:
EPA provides funding to support nine
technology assistance centers that help small
systems with training, technical assistance,
and technology demonstrations.
States and EPA help promote compliance
with existing drinking water requirements by
conducting numerous assistance activities,
such as on-site visits and the development
and distribution of easy-to-read guides and
checklists.
EPA funding established and maintains the
Local Government Environmental Assistance
Network (LGEAN), a source of free
information on current and developing SDWA
requirements (as well as technical assistance,
peer counseling, and financial guidance).
LGEAN can be accessed on the Internet at
www.lgean.org or by calling toll-free 1-877-
TO-LGEAN (865-4326).
EPA is developing a list of approved
compliance technologies that will encourage
small systems to use the existing flexibility in
the regulations in selecting treatment for
drinking water while still providing adequate
public health protection.
The states and EPA are pursuing enforcement
actions against violating public water systems
both to discourage violations and to level the
playing field for systems that devote
resources to maintaining compliance.
EPA, states, and drinking water stakeholders
should continue to work cooperatively to
improve the quality of compliance data.
Since September 1998, the findings and
recommendations of the national public water
systems reports have been incorporated into
EPAs ongoing efforts to ensure the reliability of
data in SDWIS/FED. In its first national report,
EPA noted that compliance data in many
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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individual state reports differed from the data
reported to SDWIS/FED. In 1998, EPA, states,
and drinking water stakeholders agreed that our
data quality goal should be "100% complete,
accurate, and timely data submitted by public
water systems and primacy agencies, consistent
with SDWA reporting requirements." Further
analysis and discussions among the stakeholders
led to establishment of interim milestones for
how soon that goal will be achieved.
EPA, states, and the drinking water stakeholders
made significant progress on most of the data
recommendations of the earlier national reports
in some instances achieving full
implementation. Among the major
accomplishments, EPA has:
improved the display of drinking water data
in Envirofacts;
characterized and quantified the data quality
problem;
taken interim steps to improve data quality,
including improvements to the data entry
tools states use to put information in
SDWIS/FED and provision of a mechanism
that enables water systems to confirm the
accuracy of data before it is accepted by
SDWIS/FED; and
made a long-term commitment to achieve and
maintain data quality goals.
More remains to be done to achieve the goal of
100% accurate, complete, and timely
information. Some of the next steps EPA, states,
and the drinking water stakeholders have agreed
to undertake include:
streamlining data reporting and reducing rule
complexity;
conducting more training to ensure regulatory
staff can accurately determine compliance
with drinking water rules and data entry staff
can upload complete and accurate data to
SDWIS/FED;
making SDWIS/FED error reports more user
friendly and understandable to state drinking
water managers;
encouraging states to issue annual reminders
to water systems of their compliance
monitoring schedules;
providing states with individual, prioritized
recommendations for improving their data
quality;
performing more frequent data verification
audits; and
calculating estimates for SDWIS/FED data
quality every 3 years, or more frequently if
data from a sufficient number of data
verifications are available.
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report National Summary
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National Summary of Compliance for Public
Water Systems in Indian Country in 2001
INTRODUCTION
This section of the 2001 National Public Water
Systems Compliance Report describes how the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
federally-recognized Indian tribes (tribes) are
meeting the goal of ensuring that public water
systems in Indian country provide safe drinking
water.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
INDIAN COUNTRY
Tribes may apply for eligibility to receive primary
enforcement authority (known as primacy) to
administer the drinking water program provided
they meet the requirements of Sections 1413 and
1451 of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). As
of 2001, only the Navajo Nation has received
primacy for most public water systems on the
Navajo Reservation. For the purposes of this
report, EPA, therefore, administers the drinking
water program in the rest of Indian country.
A glossary of terms used in this report appears
in Appendix A. A map of the areas covered by
this section appears in Appendix C.
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS IN
ALASKA AND OKLAHOMA
Compliance figures for Alaska Native Villages
outside of Indian country are not included in this
section of the report. Similarly, compliance
figures for 18 public water systems in Indian
country located in Oklahoma are not included in
this section of the report. In both cases, this
information is found in the state reports for
Alaska and Oklahoma, respectively. The state
reports do not, however, contain separate
information on these public water systems.
DATA QUALITY
This report uses information from the Safe
Drinking Water Information System/Federal
Version (SDWIS/FED). SDWIS/FED is the national
database where EPA records information on
public water systems in Indian country. Public
water systems in Indian country are required to
report laboratory data to EPA. EPA uses the
information to determine compliance with the
national primary drinking water regulations of
SDWA.
This report also discusses the limitations in the
data EPA uses to measure its success and the
steps it is taking to increase data reliability and
completeness. The report also discusses EPAs
compliance assistance, enforcement, and
financial assistance programs. EPA plans to
continue its data quality efforts during 2002 to
ensure that SDWIS/FED contains complete and
accurate information. A complete discussion of
data quality is in the National Summary of Public
Water Systems Compliance in 2001 under the
section entitled Data Quality.
FINDINGS
In 2001, 974 public water systems in Indian
country served 734,684 users.
754 community water systems served
617,617 people in their primary residences.
113 non-transient non-community systems
(schools and factories) served 92,863 people
in places they frequented.
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107 transient non- community systems
(campgrounds and highway rest stops) served
24,204 people who passed through.
Percentage of Systems by Type
Systems with Reported Significant Violations
Community
D Transient Non-Community
D Non-Transient Non-Community
Almost all public water systems in Indian
country were small. These small systems
provide drinking water to the majority of the
public who drank water in Indian country.
Over 95% of public water systems in Indian
country serve 3,300 or fewer people. These
930 small systems served 62% of the people
who received water from public water
systems in Indian country. Conversely, 44
public water systems in Indian country serve
38% of the people who received water from
public water systems in Indian country.
SDWIS/FED records no violations for most
public water systems in Indian country.
588 of 974 water systems (60%) had no
reported health-based or significant reporting
violations.
No Reported Significant Violations
D Reported Significant Violations of Some Kind
95% of public water systems in Indian country
reported no violations of a health-based
drinking water standard in 2001.
92 health-based violations in Indian country,
including multiple violations by some
systems, were reported to SDWIS/FED in
2001. The Maximum Contaminant Level
(MCL) for the Total Coliform Rule (92%) was
the health-based standard most frequently
violated.
Percentage of Health-Based Violations by Rule
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
92%
0%
Chem
8%
I 0% I I
TCR LCR SWTR
I Percentage of Health-Based Violations
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
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The vast majority of violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2001 were for a public water
system's significant failure to monitor and
report, rather than for a health-based MCL or
a treatment technique violation detected and
reported.
Of the 1,185 violations reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2001, 983 (83%) were
significant violations of monitoring and
reporting requirements. If a system did not
monitor the quality of its water, it is
impossible to know if it has violated health-
based requirements.
Public water systems in Indian country
represent 0.6% of all public water systems in
the United States but were responsible for
1.1% of all monitoring and reporting
violations at public water systems reported to
SDWIS/FED in 2001.
Type of Violations
D Health-based
Monitoring and Reporting
D CCR
As reported to SDWIS/FED, 93% of community
water systems in Indian country complied with
the Consumer Confidence Report Rule.
The Consumer Confidence Report Rule
requires all community water systems to
provide an annual report to customers
identifying the contaminants detected in their
water and the health risks associated with
those contaminants.
In calendar year 2001, 70 community water
systems in Indian country were found to have
a "significant" violation of the Consumer
Confidence Report Rule, meaning that the
community water system completely failed to
provide the required report.
COMPLIANCE ASSISTANCE
AND ENFORCEMENT
EPA uses multiple approaches to ensure public
water systems in Indian country comply with
SDWA regulations.
EPAs tribal compliance assistance program is
designed to help maintain compliance with SDWA
by building cooperative working relationships
with utility managers, operators, other tribal
environmental staff, and tribal elected officials.
The program emphasizes information exchanges,
operation assistance, and water quality
monitoring.
EPA gives information and assistance directly to
tribal public water system operators, utility
managers, and owners through training sessions,
newsletters, telephone support, and system visits.
On-site technical assistance is provided by
engineers and qualified staff who work with
tribes to assess current compliance status,
develop monitoring schedules and compliance
plans, and conduct sanitary surveys. EPA
coordinates many of these activities with other
federal agencies, including the Indian Health
Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.
Coordination also occurs with non-governmental
organizations and inter-tribal consortia, including
the Native American Water Association, the Rural
Water Association, and the Rural Community
Assistance Corporation.
EPA is also responsible for initiating enforcement
actions against owners or operators of public
water systems in Indian country if a system is not
in compliance with SDWA. In most cases, EPA
relies on compliance assistance and informal
enforcement actions to facilitate a tribally-owned
or -managed public water system's return to
compliance. When a formal enforcement action is
appropriate, EPA can initiate administrative
orders, including emergency administrative
orders, and refer civil and criminal cases to the
Department of Justice. The "EPA Policy for the
Administration of Environmental Programs on
Indian Reservations" (EPA Indian Policy, 11/8/84)
and the "Guidance on the Enforcement Principles
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
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Outlined in the 1984 Indian Policy" (EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles) guide the Agency's
approach to bringing civil administrative or
judicial enforcement actions against systems
owned, operated, or managed by tribal
governments.
Public water systems are required to monitor for
89 different contaminants and conduct analyses
using a variety of EPA-approved analytical
methods. Where a system fails to perform
monitoring for some or all of the required
contaminants, a separate monitoring and
reporting violation is recorded for each missed
contaminant. Each of these violations is
enforceable.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
EPA provides financial assistance to public water
systems in Indian country to help build tribal
capacity to operate and maintain systems in
compliance with SDWA. Capacity building is a
long-term solution which focuses on giving tribes
grants, training, and technical assistance as they
develop their environmental programs. EPAs
General Assistance Program builds tribal
capacity by providing grants to plan, develop, and
establish environmental protection programs,
including drinking water programs.
EPA also distributes funds for specific drinking
water program priorities. EPA allotted
approximately $2.7 million (3% of the set-aside of
public water systems appropriations) for
implementing the Tribal Public Water System
Supervision Program in each of the last four
fiscal years fiscal year 1998, fiscal year 1999,
fiscal year 2000, and fiscal year 2001. Through
this program, EPA awarded a number of grants
to tribes and tribal organizations to address
various aspects of the drinking water program.
In addition to the 3% set-aside, EPA received an
additional $3 to $4 million in each of the last
four fiscal years for drinking water needs on
Indian lands. EPA is focusing on activities such
as:
capacity development projects;
source water and wellhead protection
projects;
development of a voluntary operator
certification program for tribes;
provision of operator training and
certification to tribal operators;
consolidation of PWSs;
distribution system improvements;
community water system extensions;
replacement of water mains;
adding new wells;
treatment improvements; and
construction of new pumphouses.
In the 1996 Amendments to SDWA, an
infrastructure funding program was established
to improve water supplies. Each year, 1.5% of the
appropriation for the national Drinking Water
State Revolving Fund program is set aside for
American Indian communities and Alaska Native
Villages. The initial set-aside from the 1997
appropriation amounted to $19.25 million.
Subsequent set-asides have been: $10.87 million
in fiscal year 1998; $11.625 million in fiscal year
1999; $12.3 million in fiscal year 2000; and
$12.347 million in fiscal year 2001.
Finally, technical assistance and training for
small tribally-owned or -operated public water
systems are also provided. For example, EPA
currently has three cooperative agreements with
the National Rural Water Association to provide
support to small public water systems, including
those owned or operated by tribes. Through the
cooperative agreements, small tribal public water
systems receive information on training and
technical assistance, wellhead and ground water
protection, and source water protection.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In 2001, EPA Regions reported that 40% of the
public water systems in Indian country reported
a violation of a health-based standard, a
significant monitoring and reporting violation, or
a significant consumer notification violation. This
represents an overall increase from 2000 when
35% of facilities reported a violation of a health-
based standard, a significant monitoring and
reporting violation, or a significant consumer
notification violation. A factor that contributed to
this increase in the number of systems with
violations in 2001 is that public water systems
and EPA continued to address data quality issues
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Section on Indian Country
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that have led to the identification of additional
systems with violations.
During 2001, there was a noticeable decrease in
the total number of significant violations of
monitoring and reporting requirements in Indian
country from 1,183 in 2000 to 983 in 2001.
EPA continues to implement two primary
recommendations from previous reports:
(1) improve collection and maintenance of
compliance data for public water systems in
Indian country; and (2) place a priority on
decreasing the number of monitoring and
reporting violations to gain a full understanding
of whether health-based violations exist. EPA will
accomplish these recommendations by:
continuing to work cooperatively with tribal
governments and their utility managers and
water system operators to improve
compliance with monitoring and reporting
requirements and with health-based
standards, particularly the Total Coliform
Rule and Surface Water Treatment Rule;
increasing EPAs field presence, conducting
more frequent sanitary surveys, and engaging
in targeted technical and compliance
assistance and enforcement;
improving the inventory of public water
systems in Indian country;
improving the collection and entry into
SDWIS/FED of compliance and enforcement
information in a timely manner to avoid
keeping multiple records;
continuing to support and encourage capital
improvements for public water systems to
improve the infrastructure (and therefore
compliance with SDWA requirements) of
public water systems in Indian country,
including grants provided under the Drinking
Water Tribal Infrastructure Improvement
Program; and
focusing on small system compliance issues
and the development of small system
capacity.
Ultimately, EPA continues to respond to
compliance and enforcement issues at public
water systems owned, operated, or managed by
tribal governments in a manner consistent with
SDWA, the EPA Indian Policy, and the EPA Tribal
Enforcement Principles. As such, EPA usually
emphasizes compliance assistance as the first
step in returning these systems to compliance.
Where compliance assistance is ineffective or
where, among other things, there is a significant
threat to human health or the environment, EPA
takes appropriate steps to return systems to
compliance, including formal enforcement
actions.
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Appendix A
Glossary of Terms
-------
-------
Administrative Order
Formal enforcement actions issued by EPA or a
State to address noncompliance at a public water
system, usually by means of a compliance
schedule with enforceable milestone dates.
Chemical Rules
Refers collectively to regulations that protect the
public from unsafe levels of organic chemicals,
inorganic chemicals (including lead and copper),
and radioactivity in drinking water.
Community Water System
A public water system that serves at least 15
service connections used by year-round residents
or regularly serves at least 25 year-round
residents (e.g., homes, apartments and
condominiums that are occupied year-round as
primary residences).
Consumer Confidence Rule
Requires community water systems to prepare
and provide to their customers annual consumer
confidence reports on the quality of the water
delivered by the systems.
Federally-recognized Indian Tribe
An Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo,
community, or Alaska Native Village that the
Secretary of the Interior acknowledges to exist as
an Indian tribe pursuant to the Federally
Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of 1994, 25
U.S.C. Section 479a. Maintained by the
Department of the Interior, the list of federally-
recognized tribes is updated periodically and
published in the Federal Register. The latest list
of federally-recognized Indian tribes is available
at 65 Federal Register 12398 (March 13, 2000).
Health-based Violation
A violation of either a Maximum Contaminant
Level or a Treatment Technique requirement.
Inorganic Chemicals
These non-carbon based compounds (such as
metals, nitrates, and asbestos) can either occur
naturally in some sources of drinking water or be
introduced by human activity. EPA has
established MCLs for 15 inorganic contaminants.
Violations of standards for lead and copper are
addressed separately.
Large System
A public water system that serves more than
10,000 people.
Lead and Copper Rule
Requires a public water system to take steps to
minimize the risk of exposure to lead and copper
in drinking water by monitoring for these
contaminants, installing corrosion control where
required, and, where necessary, educating the
public about ways to reduce exposure. A system
may also be required to treat its source water or
replace lead service lines.
Maximum Contaminant Level
The maximum permissible level of a contaminant
in water delivered to any user of a public water
system.
Monitoring and Reporting Violation
Refers to either a violation of a monitoring and
reporting schedule or violation of contaminant-
specific minimum testing schedules and
operational reporting requirements. Those
monitoring and reporting violations considered
"significant" for the purposes of the state and
national public water system compliance reports
are described below in Table A-l.
Nitrate and Nitrite
Inorganic compounds that can enter water
supplies, primarily from fertilizer runoff,
livestock farms, and sanitary wastewater
discharges.
Non-transient Non-community Water System
A non-community public water system that
regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons
over six months per year. A typical example of a
non-transient non-community water system is a
school or an office building that has its own
water source, such as a drinking water well.
Organic Chemicals
These carbon-based compounds, such as
solvents and pesticides, can enter drinking water
through a variety of means, including factory
discharges or runoff from crop lands. EPA has
established MCLs for 56 organic contaminants.
Primacy
The Safe Drinking Water Act requires EPA,
States, and Tribes to work as partners to ensure
delivery of safe drinking water to the public. Any
State or Indian Tribe can request responsibility
for operation and oversight of the drinking water
program within its borders. In order to receive
this responsibility (called "primary enforcement
authority" or "primacy"), a State or Tribe must
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
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September 2003
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show, among other things, that it has adopted
drinking water regulations that are at least as
stringent as Federal regulations, and demonstrate
its capacity both to enforce those regulations and
to implement other activities necessary to ensure
compliance.
In the absence of State or Tribal primacy, EPA
assumes responsibility for administering the
drinking water program for that area. Of the 56
eligible States (defined to include
Commonwealths, Territories, and the District of
Columbia), all but Wyoming and the District of
Columbia have primacy. During calendar year
2001, the EPA Regional Offices administered the
drinking water program within these two
jurisdictions and on all Tribal lands, except for
the Navajo Nation.
Primary Drinking Water Regulations
These are regulations that apply to public water
systems; specify contaminants which, in the
judgment of the Administrator, may have an
adverse effect on the health of persons; and
specify for each such contaminant either a
maximum contaminant level or a treatment
technique.
Public Water System
A system for the provision to the public of water
for human consumption through pipes or other
constructed conveyances, if such system has at
least 15 service connections or regularly serves at
least 25 individuals at least 60 days out of the
year. A public water system can be either a
community water system, a non-transient non-
community water system, or a transient non-
community water system.
Radionuclides
Radioactive particles, such as radium-226,
radium-228, gross alpha, and beta
particle/photon radioactivity, can occur naturally
in water or may result from human activity. EPA
has established MCLs for beta/photon emitters,
alpha emitters, and combined radium 226/228.
Regional Offices
Responsible for implementing Environmental
Protection Agency programs within their
respective jurisdictions. Regional Offices
cooperate with Federal, State, interstate, and
local agencies, as well as with industry, academic
institutions, and other private groups to ensure
that Regional needs are addressed and that
Federal environmental laws are upheld.
Small Systems
Public water systems that serve no more than
3,300 people.
Surface Water Treatment Rule
The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)
requires a public water system served by surface
water or by ground water under the influence of
surface water to take steps (such as disinfection,
filtration followed by disinfection, or watershed
control) to reduce potential exposure to
microbiological contamination.
Total Coliform Rule
Establishes limits on coliform bacteria in water
distribution systems. Although coliform bacteria,
which are found in decaying organic material and
in the intestinal tract of humans and animals, are
usually not harmful to human health, their
presence may indicate the presence of other,
more dangerous microbial contamination.
SDWIS/FED
EPAs database for collecting safe drinking water
monitoring results from oversight agencies.
SDWIS stands for Safe Drinking Water
Information System. Public Water Systems are
required to report all monitoring results to the
primary enforcement authority. States with
primacy, or EPA where it administers the
program, analyze the monitoring results,
determine compliance, and report violations to
EPA on a quarterly basis. EPA maintains records
of these violations in SDWIS/FED. SDWIS/FED
records only violations, not results that
demonstrate compliance with drinking water
standards.
Total Trihalomethanes
These chemicals can be by-products of chemical
processes used to disinfect drinking water.
Transient Non-community Water System
A non-community water system that regularly
serves at least 25 people (but not the same 25)
over six months per year. A typical example is a
campground or a highway rest stop that has its
own water source, such as a drinking water well.
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
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Treatment Technique
In cases where EPA has determined it is not
technically or economically feasible to establish
an MCL, the Agency can instead specify a
treatment technique. These are treatment
methods required by EPA to minimize the level of
a contaminant in drinking water.
Variances and Exemptions
A public water system that cannot comply with a
drinking water standard because of poor source
water quality, or, in the case of small systems,
inadequate financial resources, can be granted a
variance to comply with less stringent, but still
protective standards based on a specific EPA-
approved technology available to the system. An
exemption allows a PWS with compelling
circumstances (including economic
considerations) additional time to achieve
compliance with applicable SDWA requirements,
so long as public health is adequately protected.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A Page A-3 September 2003
-------
TABLE A-l: SIGNIFICANT MONITORING VIOLATIONS FOR
ANNUAL STATE PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM REPORTS
Rule
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water
Treatment Rule
Lead and
Copper Rule
c Phase 1, II, MB,
and V Rules
h
Total
e Trihalomethanes
m Radionuclides
Violation Type
Major routine
Major repeat
Major (filtered)
Major (unfiltered)
Initial lead and
copper tap
Follow-up or
routine lead
and copper tap
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Regular
monitoring
Description
No samples collected during a
compliance period
No follow-up samples
collected after a positive total
coliform sample or no
speciation
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Collected less than 90% of
samples required during a
compliance period
Either failed to collect the
initial tap samples, and then
failed to correct that omission
within a) 3 months for large
systems, b) 6 months for
medium systems, or c) 12
months for small systems; or
failed to submit the associated
report
Failed to collect 1 or more
required samples
Failed to collect any required
samples2
Failed to collect any required
samples
Failed to collect any required
samples
SDWIS
Violation Code1
23
25
36
31
51
52
03
03
03
SDWIS
Contaminant Code
3100
3100
None
None
By contaminant
2950
4000, 4100,
4010
1 EPA's Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS/FED) makes no distinction between the sampling violations and the reporting
violations associated with a sample collection requirement. Both violations are reported under the same violation code.
2 Failure to collect "any required samples" means none of the required samples were collected.
September 2003
Page A-4
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
-------
TABLE A-2: SUMMARY OF DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS FOR
PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS DURING 2001
Applicability of Regulations
Contaminant/Rule
Organic Contaminants
Total Trihalomethanes
Contaminants
(TTHM)
Inorganic Contaminants
Nitrate and Nitrite
Contaminants
Radionuclides
Contaminants
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Community
Water Systems
All
Only systems serving more
than 10,000
All
All
All
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
All
Non-transient Non-
Community Water Systems
All
None
All except arsenic
and fluoride
All
None
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
All
Transient Non-Community
Water Systems
Only epichlorohydrin
and acrylamide
None
None
All
None
All
Some
Only PWSs using surface
water sources or ground
water sources under
the direct influence of
surface water
None
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix A
Page A-5
September 2003
-------
-------
Appendix B
Summaries of State Annual
Compliance Reports
-------
-------
CONTENTS
Alabama B-7
Alaska B-8
American Samoa B-9
Arizona B-10
Arkansas B-l1
California B-12
Colorado B-13
Connecticut B-14
Delaware B-15
District of Columbia B-16
Florida B-17
Georgia B-18
Guam B-19
Hawaii B-20
Idaho B-21
Illinois B-22
Indiana B-23
Iowa B-24
Kansas B-25
Kentucky B-26
Louisiana B-27
Maine B-28
Maryland B-29
Massachusetts B-30
Michigan B-31
Minnesota B-32
Mississippi B-33
Missouri B-34
Montana B-35
Nebraska B-36
Nevada B-37
New Hampshire B-38
New Jersey B-39
New Mexico B-40
New York B-41
North Carolina B-42
North Dakota B-43
Northern Mariana Islands B-44
Ohio B-45
Oklahoma B-46
Oregon B-47
Pennsylvania B-48
Puerto Rico B-49
Rhode Island B-50
South Carolina B-51
South Dakota B-52
Tennessee B-53
Texas B-54
Utah B-55
Vermont B-56
Virgin Islands B-57
Virginia B-58
Washington B-59
West Virginia B-60
Wisconsin B-61
Wyoming B-62
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-l
September 2003
-------
-------
This Appendix presents a summary of each state
report in a standardized format. The format
includes an overall summary of the violations
data specified in Section 1414 of the 1996 Safe
Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments (i.e.,
violations with respect to maximum contaminant
levels (MCLs), treatment technique violations,
significant monitoring and reporting
requirements, significant notification violations,
and variances and exemptions).
This Appendix summarizes the data reported by the
States, but does not interpret it. Therefore, other factors
must be taken into account before drawing conclusions
about a State program. For example, public water systems
are required to report all violations to the State, but State
drinking water programs vary in the regulations they
choose to emphasize. A State that decided to focus
attention and resources on one particular rule may have
discovered and reported many more violations of that rule
than a State that chose to focus on a different rule. A
disproportionate number of violations in a State could also
indicate that the State needs to work with its public water
systems to improve their compliance.
Readers are cautioned to view the violations data provided
in the State summaries within the context of each State
and its individual drinking water program.
In 2001, EPA received State Public Water System
Compliance Reports from 46 of the 54 primacy
states, Commonwealths, and Territories. As in
past years, American Samoa, Guam, and the
Northern Mariana Islands did not submit reports,
and, with limited exceptions, did not supply
information to SDWIS/FED. EPA did not receive a
report from California, Maine, Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Virgin Islands, and the Navajo Nation.
Appendix B supplies what information is available
in SDWIS/FED to indicate violations at public
water systems in the Pacific territories.
Because the District of Columbia, Wyoming, and
most Indian Tribes did not have primary
enforcement responsibility for drinking water in
calendar year 2001, EPA prepared reports for
those jurisdictions.
Violations for 2001
EPA summarizes the number of MCL, treatment
technique, and significant monitoring and
reporting violations1 reported by each state in
five categories:
i
Violations of chemical contaminant
requirements2
Violations of the Total Coliform Rule
Violations of the Surface Water Treatment Rule
Violations of the Lead and Copper Rule
Significant Notification Violation
EPA summarizes the numbers of individual
public water systems in violation in each of these
five categories, as reported by the state.
If a state's report did not include information in a
category, EPAs summary notes the omission.
2001 Totals
EPA also summarizes the total number of
systems in each state, the total number of
violations reported, and the total number of
PWSs in violation, if the state reported this
information. When states did not provide
information on the total number of public water
systems and/or total number of public water
systems in violation, EPA supplied that
information from the SDWIS/FED.
Systems in Violation
Systems in Violation is defined as the number of
different systems with a reported violation of this
type. Some states counted a system with multiple
violations or violations in more than one category
as one violating system. Other states counted a
violating system each time it had a violation, or
once for each of the regulatory categories in
which it had a violation. If EPAs review of a
state's report indicated some violating systems
were counted more than once, an asterisk notes
that the state's number possibly overcounts
violating systems.
Variances and Exemptions
There were no reported violations of variances
and exemptions in 2001.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual
Public Water Systems Report
If a state's report includes information on how to
obtain a copy of the report, that information is
provided on the state summary page in this
Appendix.
A comprehensive definition of significant monitoring and reporting violations including exceptions to the definition for the Total
Coliform Rule and Lead and Copper Rule appears in Appendix A.
2 MCL and significant monitoring violations for organic, inorganic, total trihalomethane (TTHM), nitrate and nitrite, and
radionuclide contaminants.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-3
September 2003
-------
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States
State
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
Submitted
Report
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR
X
MCL
X
X
M/R
X
X
TT
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems
X
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
Identified Each
System with
MCL and TT
Violations
X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information1
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
September 2003 Page B-4
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Table B-l: Summary of Elements Reported by States (continued)
State
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Submitted
Report
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported on Violation
Categories
CCR
X
X
X
X
X
MCL
X
X
X
X
X
X
M/R
X
X
X
X
X
X
TT
X
X
X
X
X
X
Reported
on V/E
X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Inventory
Information
X
X
X
X
X
Identified
Size and Type
of Violating
Systems
X
Discussed
Compliance and
Enforcement
Responses
X
X
X
Identified Each
System with
MCL and TT
Violations
X
X
X
X
Provided
Information
to Public on
Availability
X
X
X
X
X
X
Provided
Additional
Information1
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Did not submit report.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1. An "x" in this column indicates the state submitted more information in its report than the minimum EPA recommends in guidance.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-5
September 2003
-------
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Alabama 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
686t
87t
564
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alabama's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEM
Drinking Water Branch
R 0. Box 301463
Montgomery, AL
36130-1463
Web Site: http://www.adem.state.al.us/viorep2000.html
E-mail: tsd@adem.state.al.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-7
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Alaska 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,584
845
8,463
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Alaska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
ADEC
DW/WW Program
555 Cordova Street
Anchorage, AK 99501
Web Site: http://www.state.ak.us/dec/deh/water/violations.htm
Telephone: (907) 269-7647
September 2003
Page B-8
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
American Samoa 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
22
18t
68
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
American Samoa did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-9
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Arizona 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,659
533
1,115
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arizona's State Report is available by contacting:
Jeff Stuck
E-mail: stuck.jeff@ev.state.az.us
Telephone: (602) 207-4619
September 2003
Page B-10
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Arkansas 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,135*
323t
584
* Total number of PWS (1,190) and total number of PWS in operation (1,135) differ in the report.
The total number of PWS in operation is shown here.
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Arkansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Arkansas Department of Health
Shared Services
4815 West Markham Street
Litttle Rock, AR 72205-2032
Web Site: http://www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/
Attention: Patrick Harris, Compliance/Enforcement Officer
Telephone: (501) 661-2623
Fax: (501) 661-2032
E-mail: pharris@HealthyArkansas.com
Arkansas' State Report is also available at all local health units in Arkansas.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-l 1
September 2003
-------
State of California 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,000
2,014
2,250
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
California did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
September 2003
B-12
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Colorado 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,088
627*
1,919
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Colorado's State Report is available by contacting:
Sandra McDonald
E-mail: skmcdona@smtpgate.dphe.state.co.us
Telephone: (303) 692-3587
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-13
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Connecticut 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,120
l,377t
4,107
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Connecticut's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Water Supplies Section
Department of Public Health
450 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, CT 06106-1365
Web Site: http://www.dph.state.ct.us/
Telephone: (860) 509-7333
Connecticut's State Report is also available at public libraries in Connecticut.
September 2003
Page B-14
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Delaware 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
611
79
134
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Delaware's State Report is available by contacting:
Office of Drinking Water
Division of Public Health
Blue Hen Corporate Center
655 Bay Road, Suite 203
Dover, DE 19903
Telephone: (302) 739-5410
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-l5
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
District of Columbia 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2
0
0
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
District of Columbia's Report is available by accessing EPA Region Ill's web site or by contacting:
Drinking Water Branch (3WP22)
U.S. EPA Region III
1650 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029
Attention: George Rizzo, DC PWSS Program Manager
Web Site: http://www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/links.htm
Telephone: (215) 814-5781
FAX: (215) 814-2318
E-mail: rizzo.george@epa.gov
September 2003
Page B-16
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Florida 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,900
l,264t
6,598
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Florida's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kenna Study
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.fl.us/water/Wf/default.htm
Telephone: (850) 921-9414
E-mail: Kenna.Study@dep.state.fl.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-17
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Georgia 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here. Number of systems in violation exceeds number of violations. Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,536t
l,210t
1,872
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Georgia's State Report is available by contacting:
Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
Drinking Water Program
Information Management Unit
2 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive
Suite 1362 East
Atlanta, GA 30334
Attention: Doug Davenport
Telephone: (404) 651-5162
September 2003
Page B-18
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
Guam 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12
2
2
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Guam did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-19
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Hawaii 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
132
8
52
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Hawaii's State Report is available by contacting:
Hawaii Department of Health
Safe Drinking Water Branch
Environmental Management Division
919 Ala Moana Blvd., Room 308
Honolulu, HI 96814-4920
Telephone: (808) 586-4258
September 2003
Page B-20
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Idaho 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state has nearly completed the process of switching its data management program to SDWIS and is able to report data from 1993 to 2001
that was left unreported in previous annual compliance reports. The numbers above represent not only violations for 2001, but all violations since
1993.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,087
943*
3,515*
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Idaho's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Idaho Department of Environmental Quality's Regional Offices or the state's seven district health departments, or by
accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www2.state.id.us/deq/water/acr.htm
DEQ Regional Offices and District Health Departments
North Idaho
Coeur d'Alene Regional Office
2110 Ironwood Parkway
Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814
(208) 769-1422
North Central Idaho
Lewiston Regional Office
1118 F Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208) 799-4370
South Central Idaho
Twin Falls Regional Office
601 Pole Line Road, Suite 2
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208)736-2190
Southeast Idaho
Pocatello Regional Office
224 South Arthur
Pocatello, ID 83204
(208) 236-6160
Southwest Idaho
Boise Regional Office
1445 North Orchard
Boise, ID 83706-2239
(208) 373-0550
Eastern Idaho
Idaho Falls Regional Office
900 N. Skyline, Suite B
Idaho Falls, ID 83402
(208) 528-2650
Health District 1
Panhandle Health District Dept.
322 Marion
Sandpoint, ID 83864
(208) 265-6384
Health District 2
North Central District Dept.
215 10th Street
Lewiston, ID 83501
(208) 799-0353
Health District 3
Southwest District Health Dept.
920 Main Street
Caldwell, ID 83605
(208) 455-5403
Health District 4
Central District Health Dept.
707 North Armstrong Place
Boise, ID 83704
(208) 327-7499
Health District 5
South Central District Health Dept.
1020 Washington Street North
Twin Falls, ID 83301
(208)734-5900. Ext. 217
Health District 6
Southeastern District Health Dept.
1901 Alvin Ricken Drive
Pocatello, ID 83201-2727
(208) 233-9080, Ext. 320
Health District 7
District Seven Health Dept.
254 "E" Street
Idaho Falls, ID 83403-3597
(208) 523-5382
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-21
September 2003
-------
State of Illinois 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,928
396
1,168
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Illinois' State Report is available by contacting:
Illinois EPA's Division of Public Water Supplies
Telephone: (217) 782-9470
September 2003
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Indiana 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,322
2,095
8,430
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Indiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or contacting:
IDEM's Drinking Water Branch
Web Site: http://www.state.in.us/idem/owm/dwb/compliance.html
Telephone: (317) 308-3280
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-23
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Iowa 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,022
480t
1,241
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Iowa's State Report is available by contacting:
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
Environmental Protection Division
401 S.W. 7th Street, Suite M
Des Moines, IA 50309-4611
Attention: Charlotte Lafargue Henderson, Senior Environmental Specialist
Telephone: (515) 725-0341
E-mail: charlotte.henderson@dnr.state.ia.us
September 2003
Page B-24
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Kansas 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,099
259*
550
* Does not include systems violating the Consumer Confidence Report Rule.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kansas' State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Bureau of Water
1000 SW Jackson
Suite 420
Topeka, KS 66612-1367
Web Site: http://www.kdhe.state.ks.us
Director, Bureau of Water
Karl Mueldener
(785) 296-5500
Public Water Supply
Section Chief
Dave Waldo
(785)296-5514
Capacity Development
Cathy Tucker-Vogel
(785)368-7130
Engineering and Permits
Dan Clair
Compliance and Data
Management Unit Chief
Darrel Plummer
(785) 296-5523
(785) 296-5516
Program Development/
Enforcement
Kelly Kelsey
(785)296-6297
Inorganics, Organic
Compounds, Nitrate,
Consumer Confidence Report
Patti Cray
(785) 296-3016
Bacteriological, Surface Water
Treatment, Radionuclides
Jean Herrold
(785) 296-5518
Lead and Copper,
Trihalomethanes
Ron Cramer
(785) 296-5946
Data Management
Elian Spivey
(785) 296-6434
Data Entry
Kathy Fritts
(785)296-7111
Operator Certification
Vickie Jo Wessel
(785)296-2976
Source Water Assessment
Rob Beilfuss
(785)296-5535
Kansas Pws Loan Fund
William Carr
(785)296-0735
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-25
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Kentucky 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
627
260
2,147
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Kentucky's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Kentucky Division of Water
Drinking Water Branch
14 Reilly Road
Ash Building
Frankfort, KY 40601
Web Site: http://water.nr.state.ky.us/dw/
Telephone: (502) 564-3410
Kentucky's State Report is also available through any of the Division's Regional Offices.
September 2003
Page B-26
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Louisiana 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,850
203
244**
** Total violations in the report (244) differ from the calculated total (309).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Louisiana's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals
Office of Public Health
Engineering Services
6867 Bluebonnet, Suite 222
Baton Rouge, LA 70810
Telephone: (225) 765-5038
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-27
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Maine 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,993
866
1,594
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maine did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State's contact for the drinking
water program is:
Nancy Beardsley, Director
Telephone: (207) 287-5674
September 2003
Page B-28
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Maryland 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,816
594t
1,056
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Maryland's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nancy Reilman
Maryland Department of the Environment
Water Supply Program
Web Site: http://www.mde.state.md.us
Telephone: (410) 631-3729
E-mail: nreilman@mde.state.md.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-29
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Massachusetts 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,677
293
469
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Massachusetts did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State's contact for the
drinking water program is:
Damon Guterman
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection
Telephone: (617) 574-6811
E-mail: Damon.Guterman@state.ma.us
September 2003
Page B-30
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Michigan 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
12,294
2,079
3,623
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Michigan's State Report is available by contacting:
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Drinking Water and Radiological Protection Division
RO. Box 30630
Lansing, Ml 48909-8130
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-31
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Minnesota 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
7,944
422
516
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Minnesota did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED. The State's contact for the
drinking water program is:
Dennis E. Maki
Telephone: (651) 215-0756
E-mail: dennismaki@health.state.mn.us
September 2003
Page B-32
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of Mississippi 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Monitoring violations are presented together in the report and may include violations for several rules. Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,463
222f
242
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Mississippi's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Melissa Parker
Mississippi State Department of Health
Web Site: www.msdh.state.ms.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-33
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Missouri 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,759
l,005t
2,020
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Missouri's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Public Drinking Water Program
RO. Box 176
Jefferson City, MO 65102
Web Site: http://www.dnr.state.mo.us/wpscd/pdwp
Telephone: (800) 361-4827 or (573) 751-5331
September 2003
Page B-34
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Montana 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,017
699t
2,724
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Montana's State Report is available by contacting:
Public Water Supply Section
Community Services Bureau
Permitting & Compliance Division
Montana Department of Environmental Quality
RO. Box 200901
Helena, MT 59620-0901
Telephone: (406) 444-4400
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-35
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Nebraska 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Number of systems in violation exceeds the number of violations.
** Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,330
385t
563
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nebraska's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services
Regulation and Licensure
301 Centennial Mall South
Lincoln, NE 68509
Web Site: http://www.hhs.state.ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm
Telephone: (402) 471-2541
September 2003
Page B-36
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Nevada 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
618
260
1,042
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Nevada's State report is available by contacting:
Bureau of Health Protection Services
1179 Fairview Drive
Suite 101
Carson City, NV 89701-5405
Telephone: (775) 687-6615 ext. 221
Nevada's State Report is also available for viewing at the Nevada Public Libraries in each county.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-37
September 2003
-------
State of New Hampshire 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,201
351t
942
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Hampshire's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services
Water Division, Water Supply Engineering Bureau
6 Hazen Drive
RO. Box 95
Concord, NH 03301
Web Site: http://www.des.state.nh.us/wseb
Attention: Laurie Cullerot
Telephone: (603) 271-2954
E-mail: leullerot@des.state.nh.us
September 2003
Page B-38
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of New Jersey 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,186
852t
8,577
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Jersey's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www.state.nj.us/dep/watersupply/violations2001.doc
New Jersey's State Report is also available at libraries and county and local health offices.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-39
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of New Mexico 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown
here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
l,246t
424t
448
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New Mexico's State Report is available by contacting:
Drinking Water Bureau
New Mexico Environment Department
525 Camino de los Marquez
Santa Fe, NM 87501
September 2003
Page B-40
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of New York 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violations and violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,186
960t
5,305
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
New York's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
New York State Department of Health
Telephone: (in state) (800) 458-1158 ext. 27650
Telephone: (out of state) (518) 402-7650
E-mail: bpwsp@health.state.ny.us.
Web Site: http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/search/index.htm, search on "2001 Annual Report"
New York's State Report is also available through any of the local health departments.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-41
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of North Carolina 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
7,829
4,242
10,527
* Total violations in the report (10,527) differs from the calculated total (9,648).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Carolina's State report is available by contacting:
North Carolina Public Water Supply Section
Telephone: (919) 715-3243
September 2003
Page B-42
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of North Dakota 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
546
107
202**
: Total violations in the report (202) differs from the calculated total (201).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
North Dakota's State Report is available by contacting:
North Dakota Department of Health
Division of Municipal Facilities
RO. Box 5520
1200 Missouri Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58506-5520
Attention: LeeAnn Tillotson
Telephone: (701) 328-5293
Fax: (701) 328-5200
E-mail: ltillots@state.nd.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-43
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
Northern Mariana Islands 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
130
NR
0
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Northern Mariana Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
September 2003
Page B-44
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Ohio 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
5,718
2,106
6,050
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Ohio's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
PWS Annual Compliance Report
Ohio EPA DDAGW
RO. Box 1049
Columbus, OH 43216-1049
Telephone: (614) 644-2752
Web Site: http://www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/annualreports.html
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-45
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Oklahoma 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,701
467t
710
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oklahoma's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division, 8th Floor
707 N. Robinson
Oklahoma City, OK 73101-1677
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division
RO. Box 1677
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73101-1677
Web Site: http://www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/pws/index.html
September 2003
Page B-46
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Oregon 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the summary table. Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
** Possible overcounting of violating systems, and the state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the summary table.
Counts from the text of the report are shown here.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
2,756
1,496
8,880
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Oregon's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Web Site: http://www.ohd.hr.state.or.us/dwp/welcome.htm
Oregon's State report will also be published in the newsletter "The Pipeline."
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-47
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Pennsylvania 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Pennsylvania regulations do not yet require Consumer Confidence Reports.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
10,208
1,818
7,227
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Pennsylvania's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Environmental Protection
Bureau of Water Supply and Wastewater Management
RO. Box 8467, llth Floor RCSOB
Harrisburg, PA 17105-8467
Telephone: (717) 787-5017
Web Site: http://www.dep.state.pa.us
September 2003
Page B-48
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
Violations for 2001
Puerto Rico 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
496
423t
4,636
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Puerto Rico's Report is available by contacting:
Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
Ponce de Leon Avenue, #431 Nacional Plaza
9th Floor, Suite 903
Hato Rey, PR 00917
Department of Health
Public Water Supply Supervision Program
RO. Box 70184
Rio Piedras, PR 00936
Telephone: (787) 777-0150/0151
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-49
September 2003
-------
Violations for 2001
State of Rhode Island 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
475
25
27
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Rhode Island's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Office of Drinking Water Quality
Web Site: http://www.health.state.ri.us
Telephone: (401) 222-6867
Fax: (401) 222-6953
September 2003
Page B-50
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
-------
State of South Carolina 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,551
279
4,795
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Carolina's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
SCDHEC's Bureau of Water
2600 Bull Street
Columbia, SC 29201
Attention: Bruce Bleau
Web Site: http://www.scdhec.net/water
Telephone: (803) 898-4154
Fax: (803) 898-3795
E-mail: bleaubp@dhec.state.sc.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-51
September 2003
-------
State of South Dakota 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possibly overcounts violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
707
213t
656
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
South Dakota's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site.
Web Site: http://www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/annual.htm
September 2003
Page B-52
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2001
State of Tennessee 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,123
247t
792
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Tennessee's State Report is available by contacting:
Division of Water Supply Central Office
401 Church Street
6th Floor, L&C Tower
Nashville, TN 37243-1549
Web Site: http://www.state.tn.us/environment/dws/index.html
Telephone: (615) 532-0191
Regional Environmental Assistance
Centers (EAC)Division of Water Supply
1-888-891-8332
Chattanooga EAC
Division of Water Supply
Suite 550 State Office Building
540 McCallie Avenue
Chattanooga, TN 37402-2013
1-888-891-8332
Columbia EAC
Division of Water Supply
2484 Park Plus Drive
Columbia, TN 38401
1-888-891-8332
Cookeville EAC
Division of Water Supply
121 South Willow
Cookeville, TN 38502
1-888-891-8332
Johnson City EAC
Division of Water Supply
2305 Silverdale Road
Johnson City, TN 37601-2162
1-888-891-8332
Knoxville EAC
Division of Water Supply
Suite 220 State Plaza
2700 Middlebrook Pike
Knoxville, TN 37219
1-888-891-8332
Nashville EAC
Division of Water Supply
711 R. S. Gass Boulevard
Nashville, TN 37216
1-888-891-8332
Jackson EAC
Division of Water Supply
362 Carriage House Drive
Jackson, TN 38305-2222
1-888-891-8332
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-53
September 2003
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Violations for 2001
State of Texas 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
: The Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission conducts Chemical Contaminant Group monitoring for all systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
6,672
761
1,734**
** Total violations in the report (1,734) differs from the calculated total (1,670).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Texas' State report is available by contacting:
Buck Henderson
Public Drinking Water Section (MCI55)
Texas Natural Resources Conservation Commission
Telephone: (512) 239-0990
September 2003
Page B-54
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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State of Utah 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations for 2001
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
892t
286t
10,015
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Utah's State report is available by contacting:
Ken Bousfield
E-mail: KBOUSFIE@deq.state.ut.us
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-55
September 2003
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Violations for 2001
State of Vermont 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
1,365
322f
950
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Vermont's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation
Vermont Water Supply Division
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, VT 05671-0403
Telephone: (in state) (800) 823-6500
Telephone: (out of state) (802) 241-3400
Web Site: http://www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/waterl.htm
September 2003
Page B-56
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2001
Virgin Islands 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
413
87
101
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virgin Islands did not publish an Annual Report. EPA generated data from SDWIS/FED.
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-57
September 2003
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Violations for 2001
State of Virginia 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
3,696
346
1,212
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Office of Water Programs
Abingdon Field Office Field 1
East Main Street
Abingdon, VA 24210
Attention: Robert B. Taylor, Director
Telephone: (804) 786-1767
Web Site: httpAV/vww.vdh.state.va.us
Telephone: (540) 676-5650
E-mail: RPayne.VDH.STATE.VA.US
September 2003
Page B-58
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2001
State of Washington 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
4,240
1,622
2,903*
Total violations in the report (3,746) differs from the calculated total (2,903).
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Washington's State report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting:
Department of Health
Division of Drinking Water
RO. Box 47822
Olympia, Washington 98504-7822
Web Site: http://www.doh.wa.gov/ehp/dw/enforcementyenflink2.htm
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-59
September 2003
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Violations for 2001
State of West Virginia 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
l,346t
616
2,711
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
West Virginia's State Report is available by accessing the state's web site or by contacting the EPA's Safe Drinking
Water Hotline.
Web Site: http:/www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/reports.htm
Telephone: Hotline (800) 426-4791
September 2003
Page B-60
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Violations for 2001
State of Wisconsin 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
: The state report gives different counts in the text of the report and in the accompanying tables. Counts from the text of the report are shown.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
11,589
3,727**
12,977
Possible overcounting of violating systems.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wisconsin's State Report is available by contacting:
Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater
State of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
RO. Box 7921
Madison, Wl 53707
Telephone: (608) 266-6669
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
Page B-61
September 2003
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Violations for 2001
State of Wyoming 2001 PWS Compliance Report
Violations Category
Chemical Contaminant Group
Total Coliform Rule
Surface Water Treatment Rule
Lead and Copper Rule
Consumer Confidence Report
* Possible overcounting of violating systems.
** Violations may be undercounted.
Total Number of
Regulated Systems
Total Number of
Systems in Violation
Total Number of
Violations
742
165t
333
t State did not submit the information, so the information was generated from SDWIS/FED.
Where to Obtain the 2001 Annual State Public Water Systems Report
Wyoming's State report is available by contacting:
EPA's Region 8 Environmental Information Services Center
Telephone: (303) 312-6312 or (800) 227-8917
E-mail: r8eisc@epa.gov
September 2003
Page B-62
2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix B
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Appendix C
Map of Indian Lands
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jpA
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2001 National Public Water Systems Compliance Report Appendix C Page C-l September 2003
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