THE INECE NEWSLETTER
International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
IN THIS ISSUE
Global Push on Enforcement of Multilateral
Environmental Agreements
UNEP Workshop .and Appointment of Senior
Official on Enforcement
UNEP Executive Director Klaus Topfer has designated a senior level position to
OPHTH ATPRAI ^MMBnuMPMTAi galvanize global support and commitment to enforce terms of MEAs and to
AGREEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL facilitate work to address international environmental crime. This was announced
by Deputy Executive Director Shafqat Kakakhel at the opening of a UNEP
UNEP Workshop and Appointment Workshop on Enforcement and Compliance with Multilateral Environmental
of Senior Official on Enforcement,. 1 Agreements (MEAs) held in Geneva July 12-14, 1999. The UNEP Workshop
G-8 Operational Workgroup on followed on the heels of the G-8 Environment Ministerial commitment to
nvironmen nme environmental compliance and enforcement, a focus on enforcement of
ENFORCEMENT TO PROTECT OUR Multilateral Environmental Agreements, and commitment to assist developing
FOOD AND DRINKING WATER countries described in the first INECE Newsletter. Countries of the G-8 led by
QUPPI IFQ
an initiative of the United Kingdom with financing as well from other G-8 countries
DIOXIN Contamination Threatens (continued on page 2)
Food and Drinking Water in 171? iiT.^^ T?J j T\ i «rx
Severaicountries 1 Enforcement to Protect our Food and Drinking Water
FAO Requests Pesticide Inspector CimnHae
Training Materials 3 »UppllCS
HIGHLIGHTS OF PROGRAMS/ DIOXIN contamination threatens food and
ACTIONS/COOPERATION .....3 drinking water in several countries
CITIZEN ENFORCEMENT Sao Paulo's Office of the Attorney General in Brazil has entered a first stage
HIGHLIGHTS 5 procedural settlement with a Belgian company to begin a process to address
INECE NEWS contamination of a stream leading into and of sediment in Lake Billings which
supplies up to one fourth of Sao Paulo's drinking water. Steps are being
Oirrent Protects "^ " 7 undertaken within the settlement to better define the extent of contamination
""" """"" from dioxin and heavy metals, nature of the health risk posed and steps for
REGIONAL NETWORKS 8 correcting the problems. The site of the dioxin contamination is the largest in
THEMES FOR THE NEXT ISSUE 14 *ne wor'd, w'th one million tons of contaminated chalk. The company is one of
the largest manufacturers of PVC in the world and the source of these problems.
The chalk was involved in the recent Dioxin contamination of German feedstock
EDITORIAL BOARD , 14 and animals because it was used to remove some of the acidity in orange pulp
NPUUei PTTPH «TAPF -I* exported there for this purpose. The dioxin contamination was first discovered
NEWSLETTER STAFF..,.. 14 jn Qermany jn mj|k ^fter an investigation German authorities traced the
NETWORK INFORMATION FORM...... 15 contamination to the animals' food supply and from there to the orange pulp
imported from Brazil. Orange pulp is a by-product of the production of orange
juice for which Brazil is the second largest producer in the world. The Office of
Attorney General in Sao Paolo threatened to bring a civil or criminal law suit
after Greenpeace conducted samples around the facility, lake and stream
sediments and water.At this stage the company has agreed to pay for all
laboratory, experts, and testing work performed to address the scope of the
problem and full disclosure to the public within 5 days of all information the
"""" " '"" " ' """ ' " (continued on page 3)
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(Global Push on Enforcement-Continued)
including Germany, Canada, and Japan provided financial
support for the workshop which brought together 68 officials
from 24 developing nations, 10 industrialized nations, the
World Customs Organization, World Trade Organization,
INTERPOL, INECE and IMPEL to address common
problems in getting compliance with the terms of the MEAs
by countries themselves and those subject to related
requirements, in particular addressing how to stem the tide
of environmental crime related to smuggling of endangered
species, ozone depleting substances and hazardous
wastes.
It was clear from the discussions at the meeting that many
nations still lack basic environmental laws and authorities
to control import and export, to make certain activities a
crime, to control trade and disposition of these substances,
wastes and endangered species. The need for collab-
oration and reconciliation of information management
differences between customs, law enforcement and
environmental officials at the national, regional and global
levels is essential for success. Any major effort in this
area must start with clear expectations for full implemen-
tation of obligations underthese international agreements,
follow up with both capacity building and consequences
for failure to implement them at the country level. Those
expectations include the institutions and relationships
necessary to enforce their terms at the domestic level.
Workshop recommendations included a call for enhancing
the role of UNEP including resources for implementation
and compliance efforts, facilitating communication and data
exchange through liaison with Secretariats to the
Multilateral Environmental Agreements, INTERPOL, and
the World Customs organization, directories of competent
enforcement officials, enforcement liaison officers in the
Secretariats, promoting national and regional enforcement
networks, greater assurance of periodic and harmonzied
reporting, improved tracking systems, outreach and public
awareness and involvement of NGOs and other
stakeholders. Workshop Proceedings will be published
by UNEP along with numerous reports from countries and
international organizations. Check the INECE website for
availability as well as for the INECE contribution to the
meeting summarizing Lessons Learned on enforcement
of Multilateral Environmental Agreements from the
discussions at the five International conferences and
papers.
Contacts:
Dr. Iwona Rummel-Bulska
bufskai@unep.ch
Dr. Donald Kaniaru
donald.kaniaru@unep.org
G-8 Operational Workgroup on Environmental
Crime: Lyon Group broadens mandate
Environmental enforcement, and specifically the fight
against international environmental crime received a
substantial boost after Environment ministers from the G-8
countries announced a range of measures designed to deter
and apprehend traders in banned substances throughout
the world. The first meeting of the G-8 Nations' Lyon Group
Law Enforcement Project on Environmental Crime
convened in Rome on July 7th and 8th, 1999 as one of
several actions called for by the Environmental Ministers
of the Eight, and endorsed by the Heads of State. This
project was initiated to implement practical measures to
improve information exchange, data analysis, and
investigative cooperation among law enforcement agencies,
regulators, and international organizations to combat
international environmental crime, specifically illegal
shipments of hazardous and other waste and ozone
depleting substances.
At the meeting, contact information was shared on senior
environmental law enforcement experts and information
exchanged on several ongoing international investigations.
Channels for continued exchange of information were
identified including informal information and public records
to case specific communications using INTERPOL and
direct law enforcement cooperation under the Mutual Legal
Assistance Treaties and other arrangements. The role of
Convention Secretariats and other mechanisms were noted
to assure coordination and efficiency including having
enforcement liaisons for Basel and Montreal Protocol as is
done for CITES. The need to expedite World customs
Organization nomenclature for regulated waste and ozone
depleting substances was noted at this meeting and at the
UNEP Workshop. The participants moved forward to
propose a collective repository and analysis of data to help
identify international patterns of transboundary movement
of waste, endangered species, and ozone depleting
substances. USEPA Center for Environmental Strategic
Enforcement and/or INTERPOLas appropriate will be used
to organize and analyze such information all with the caveat
that such information exchange must be consistent with
national laws. Participants at the G-8 Environmental Crime
Project were invited to the next North American CFC
Initiative Meeting in August of 1999 in Washington D.C. To
better link this effort with other G-8 investigations. A detailed
work program will be developed following the meeting. $
Contact: Mr. Mike Fenders
Chair, G-8 Operat'l Subgroup on Env. Crime
penders.michael@epa.gov
Contact on Environmental
Crimes at INTERPOL:
Ms. Jytte Ekdahl
j.ekdahl@interpol.int
The INECE Newsletter
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(Enforcement to Protect Food. Continued from page 1)
company has or knows about related to this problem and
sets forth. 15 days are provided for company Greenpeace,
CETESBE (the environmental administrative agency in Sao
Paulo State) and the Public Prosecutor's Office to analyze
the results. The agreement has stiff monetary penalties to
ensure it is complied with. There is some sense of urgency
since the contaminated material is located in a wet area
which leaches when it rains.
Widely publicized media reports of the contamination of
animal feedstocks and livestock in Belgium (requiring
incineration and land disposal of hundreds of thousands of
tons of contaminated chickens, eggs, poultry, pigs, cattle,
and feedstock) and related incidents in The Netherlands
(also affected by the dioxin contaminated citrus pulp for
preparation of cattle feed) underscored the value of informal
networking among country enforcement officials. Informal
contacts through INECE have facilitated the timely
exchange of technical information, results from similar
experiences in the past, and hopefully may eventually lead
to more timely identification of problems, expeditious and
thorough investigations, clean up and enforcement
sanctions as appropriate to prevent such occurences.
FAO Requests Pesticide Inspector Training Materials
The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is
embarking on a project to develop training for the Sahel, Africa
on Pesticide Management. As an integral part of this training
they recognize the importance of effective environmental
enforcement and have requested pesticide inspector training
materials in several languages including English, French and
Portugese. The FAO plans to develop a practical "how to"
manual for inspectors which would contain information on
relevant legislation, storage requirements, sampling methods,
recognition of potentially obsolete pestictdes, and basic
information to transmit to vendors and distributors.
Both regional and national modules for inspectors involve the
verification of pesticide importations, distributors, vendors,
sprayers, and government institutions using pesticides. As
the Management Project works with nine countries in West
Africa, it is anticipated that the manual will be translated into
English, French, and Portugese, which will also make it
accessible to the broader African continent. $&
To contribute to the FAO training materials or
relevant experiences, please contact
www.inece. org. Collected materials and the final
FAO materials will be made available through the
INECE website.
HIGHLIGHTS OF PROGRAMS/ACTIONS/COOPERATION
Ecosystem Protection: Landmark Citizen Suit filed to clean up Manila Bay
In a landmark class action law suit, Concerned Residents of Manila Bay filed suit in the Fourth Judicial Region against the
Philippines Government, all the polluting corporations and citizens who are discharging their wastes into the waterways of
Manila Bay. The suit seeks to hold them jointly liable for the pollution of Manila Bay and jointly responsible for its cleanup.
Specific demands were made on six government departments including the Department of Environment and Natural Resources,
Metro Manila Development Authority, the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System, the Philippine Ports Authority in
an attempt to move the government to clean Up Manila Bay. In the complaint, the Citizens asked for cleanup of the Bay,
installation, operation and maintenance of adequate sewage systems, waste water treatment facilities, waste and recycling
and disposal facilities, hazardous and toxic waste treatment facility, health studies, information and education campaigns,
restocking with native fish, enhancing monitoring of illegal fishing operations, cleanup and proper monitoring of port and
harbor facilities, compliance with septic and sludge removal rules, a cessation of dumping of industrial wastes and oils. In
each case the citizens have sought a plan of action, schedule and budget which the court could approve and monitor for
compliance and a substantial sum in damages. The parties are in court on several legal issues as to government immunity
from suit, standing to sue, cause of action, proper venue, failure to exhaust administrative remedies. The citizen suit documents
what is described as the incalculable damage, risks and hazards to public health that present a clear and present danger to
residents of Manila Bay. Manila Bay is world famous for its beauty. In better days, prior to World War II, Manila Bay was a
clean clear body of water where families could picnic, swim and fish in abundance. Now fishing is banned, people reportedly
get sick and die of related diseases, high concentrations of heavy metals are a threat and the waterbody is described as a
public nuisance which poses serious public health hazards. (Contact Antonio Oposa via e-mail at aoposalaw@oposa.com)
Water Basin Clean-up: New Enforcement Efforts in China
Until last year, regulatory requirments for water pollution have not been well enforced. Pollution in water bodies, especially in
urban areas, is a very serious problem for water supply, economic growth, and human health. In 1996, China initiated a clean-
up program in the most polluted water basins, including three river and three lake basins (Huai, Hai, Liao Rivers, and Tai,
Dianchi, Chao Lakes), so the program was named "three rivers and three lakes clean-up program." By the end of year 2000,
all industrial wastewater must meet national or provincial discharge standards, and cities over half million population must
establish sewage treatment facilities. The comprehensive approach to environmental enforcement include planning, financial
assistance, inspection and binding requirements. In the "three rivers and three lakes," wastewater management and pollution
3 The International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
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control plans have been made and budgets allocated. Some
industrial processes have been banned or phased out
following warnings and lesser enforcement actions. Education
programs have been initiated and well organized in many
places. An environmental media campaign across the country
Involved more than 6,000 journalists disclosing environmental
degradation in more than 48,000 separate news items
published national, provincial and local media. The public and
non-governmental organizations play an increasing role. Huai
River and Tai Lake are first to implement this program with
closing more than 5,000 enterprises with high pollution levels.
By the end of 1997 and 1998, all of the industrial discharges
in Huai River and Tai Lake basins met the national or provincial
standards respectively and COD discharges have been
reduced by an estimated 40%. Clean-up in the other four
basins are also in process.
Enforcement and Tourism
July 21, 1999. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., operator of
one of the world's largest cruise lines, agreed to pay a 18
million dollar criminal fine for violating U.S. environmental laws,
representing the largest fine ever paid by a cruise company
for polluting U.S. waters. In a 21 felony count plea agreement
filed in six federal districts, Royal Caribbean admitted to
routinely dumping waste oil and hazardous chemicals, such
as those produced by photo processing equipment, dry
cleaning operations, and printing presses, in the harbors and
coastal areas of six U.S. cities (Miami, New York City, Los
Angeles, Anchorage, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, and
San Juan, Puerto Rico). It also pleaded guilty to making false
statements in oil record books presented to the U.S. Coast
Guard. Under the terms of the plea agreement, Royal
Caribbean must assist the government in its prosecution of
employees involved in the illegal activities and must follow a
five year court-supervised environmental compliance plan.
Enforcement for Clean Vehicles has Intem'l Impact
October 22, 1998. Marking the largest U.S. Clean Air
enforcement action in history, seven diesel engine
manufacturers settled with the U.S. Department of Justice
and Environmental Protection Agency for over 1 billion dollars
for collectively selling 1.3 million heavy duty diesel engines
installed with emission-control defeating devices. The devices
allowed an engine to meet EPA emissions requirements during
testing but to exceed those limits during highway use by
altering the engine's pollution control equipment. As a result,
engines built with such devices emitted up to three times the
legal limit of NOx, a powerful greenhouse gas. Per the terms
of the settlement agreement, the settling companies,
Caterpillar Inc., Cummins Engine Company, Detroit Diesel
Corporation, Mack Trucks, Inc., Navistar International
Transportation Corporation, Renault Vehicules Industriels, s.a.
and Volvo Truck Corporation, were required to pay 83.4 million
dollars in civil penalties, 109.5 million dollars to develop new
emission-control technology, and 850 million dollars to
introduce cleaner new engines, rebuild older engines to
cleaner levels, recall pickup trucks equipped with defeat
devices and conduct new emissions testing. Although 1.3
million tons of excess NOx were emitted in 1998 due to the
devices, the settlement will prevent the illegal emission of 75
million tons of NOx. in the U.S. by 2025.
CFC: Intem'l cooperation to combat Illegal trade
May 29,1998. The U.S. District Court for the District of Bangor
in Maine sentenced two Canadian citizens for violations of
the U.S. Clean Air Act. Larry Joseph LeBlanc owned and
operated City Sales Ltd., an automobile dealership in
Fredricton in New Brunswick, Canada and employer of Ann
Marie LeBlanc. Violating a specific directive from Environment
Canada prohibiting City Sales from exporting CFCs, an ozone
depleting substance, to the United States, the LeBiancs
shipped 75 tons of CFCs to automotive shops in the U.S. on
eight occasions. For their criminal activity, Joseph LeBlanc
must serve a 15-month prison term and pay a $28,000 fine
and Ann Marie LeBlanc must pay a $1,500 fine. The
investigation leading to the LeBiancs prosecution was a bi-
national effort undertaken by Environment Canada, Canada
Customs Service, USEPA's Criminal Investigation Division and
the U.S.Customs Service.
Eiconomic Instruments: Industrial Compliance in Thailand
Currently, the Department of Industrial Works under the
Ministry of Industry in Thailand is in the process of amending
the Factory Act of 1992, which is used to prevent disturbances,
damage, and danger to the public and the environment by
factories. Changes are being made by adding sections that
will empower the Department to apply and enforce economic
instruments in accordance with the "polluter pays principle."
At the present time, the Act includes such measures as
addressing permitting issues; encouraging the clustering of
factories in particular areas to prevent disturbances in
communities; and setting forth the privatization of factory and
machinery audits and inspections. The Factory Act also plays
an important role in promoting Cleaner Production (CP) by
empowering the Department of Industrial Works with the ability
to prescribe certain environmentally sound industrial
processes in their permits. It also calls for the monitoring and
inspection of factories with violators of the Act being subject
to corrective orders, possible factory closure, permit withdrawal
and criminal liability including fines and possible imprisonment.
The first economic instrument to be added is the collection of
emission charges followed by an effort to collect up-front
pollution management fees. This fee will be equal to the cost
of the installation of a waste treatment facility and will provide
the incentive for Cleaner Production. If a factory chooses to
apply CP techniques to minimize waste, their pollution
management fee will be reduced, and if the company installs
a waste management facility, most of the fee can be withdrawn.
According to the Act, the Department is currently entitled to
use the Environmental Fund to install waste treat-ment facilities
or make improvements to existing facilities if they refuse to do
so, as the Department sees fit. The consequences to this are
that the factories are obliged to pay back the whole cost of the
changes plus a penalty of 30% per annum.
The INECE Newsletter
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Bonaire's Economic Controls on Pulic Event Littering
The littering at public events poses an environmental problem
in Bonaire, the Netherlands Antilles as well as other parts of
the world. Regardless of how conscious the attendees are
of not littering, public outdoor events often result in refuse
scattered throughout the surrounding site. During the heat of
festivities, attendees consuming alcohol become too
inebriated to be concerned about the destination of their empty
beer cans, plastic cups, and foam plates to the event's
grounds. Furthermore, since public event organizers have
attained an unconditional permit that fails to stipulate any
environmental regulations, organizers essentially "have a
permit to litter" and therefore, cannot be held legally
responsible for any subsequent litter from the event. In
response to these situations, the "assurance proposition law"
was created by the Government Department of Legal and
General Affairs and the environmental police at Selibon, N.V.,
Bonaire's waste management and disposal company. The
law specifies that public event organizers have to sign a
cleaning contract with Selibon N.V. or pay a deposit for
cleaning the area of the event. The deposit amount is usually
10% of the calculated costs for the cleaning afterwards and
is also based on the type of event being organized. If the
event organizers clean the event area to the standards of
the environmental police, Selibon N.V. will return their deposit.
This system has been in effect since January and despite
some protests early on, organizers have realized the benefits
of stimulating public environmental awareness. The less the
public litters the less the organizers have to clean up. fit
Global Contacts
CIEL
Durwood Zae/ke
Phone: 1-202-785-8700
Fax: 1-202-785-8701
ciedldz@igc.apc.org
EIA
J. Newman
Phone: 44-171-490-7040
Fax: 44-171-490-0436
jnewman@eiagb.freeserve.co.uk
E-Law
Mike Axline
Phone: 1-541-346-3826
Fax: 1-541-346-1564
westernlaw@IGC.org
ELI
BHIFutrell
Susan Casey-Lefkowltz
Phone: 1-202-939-3800
Fax: 1-202-939-3868
futrell@eli.org
casey@eli.org
Ecopravo
Svitlana Kravchenko
Phone: 380-32-272-2746
Fax: 380-32-297-1446
epac@link.lviv.ua
FIELD
Philip Sands
Phone: 441-71-637-7950
Fax: 441-71-637-7951
IUCN
Charles di Leva
Phone: 49-228-269-2231
Fax: 49-228-269-2250
iucn-elc@ wunsch.com
CITIZEN ENFORCEMENT HIGHLIGHTS
Introducing the Aarhus Convention: A new international law on
citizen's environmental rights
On June 25, 1998, Environment Environment Ministers from all over Europe and Central
Asia adopted a new international treaty aimed at strengthening democratic accountability in
the field of the environment: the UNECE Convention on Access to Information, Public
Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. It was
adopted in the Danish city of Aarhus at the Fourth Ministerial Conference in the Environment
for Europe process, and signed by thirty-five countries and the European Community. The
resulting Convention is open for accession by countries outside of the UNECE region and is
sparking intense interest in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
The Aarhus Convention has long-reaching implications for citizen participation in environment
enforcement. Not only does it require Parties to provide the prerequisites to citizen
enforcement, such as access to information and timely participation in environmental
decisionmaking, the Convention also focuses specifically on access to justice in environmental
matters empowering citizens and NGOs to assist in the enforcement of law.
Access to information appeals: A person whose request for information has not been
dealt with to their satisfaction must be provided with access to an expeditious review procedure
before a court of law which is free of charge or inexpensive. Final decisions must be binding
on the public authority holding the information, and the reasons must be stated in writing
where information is refused.
Public participation appeals: The Convention provides for a right to seek review in
connection with decision-making on projects or activities. The review may address either
the substantive or the procedural legality of a decision.
General violations of'environmentallaw:'The Convention requires Parties to provide
access to administrative or judicial procedures to challenge acts and commissions by private
persons and public authorities which breach laws relating to the environment. Such access
is to be provided to members of the public meeting any national criteria for standing.
Other access fo/i/st/ceregu/re/ne/its: Procedures are required to be fair, equitable, timely
and not prohibitively expensive, including concideration of assistance to remove or reduce
financial and/or other barriers. Decisions must be given or recorded in writing, and in the
case of court decisions, made publicly accessible.
An Implementation Guide to the Aarhus Convention, co-authored by the Regional Environ-
mental Center for Central and Eastern Europe and the Environmental Law Institute will be
published by the UNECE in December 1999. The following websites have more information
on the Aarhus Convention: www.unece.org, www.rec.org, and www.participate.org. Prepared
by Susan Casey-Lefkowitz, Senior Attorney, Environmental Law Institute. $&
The International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
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INECE NEWS
Fifth INECE Conference: Another Success!
The Fifth International Conference was another important stepping stone,
and catalyst for making environmental compliance and enforcement
happen. Two hundred fifty participants including government officials
and NGOs from 100 countries and international organizations actively
participated in five days of both plenary sessions on six themes and 32
related workshops, and site visits with inspection demonstrations z\i state-
of-the-art wastewater and solid waste management facilities, site cleanup
and laboratory facilities. The results of these discussions along with
papers from 41 different countries and international organizations are
published in two volumes of Conference Proceedings. These proceedings
are available on the INECE website, www.inece.org, and also will be
distributed in hard copy to INECE contacts in over 200 countries and
organizations.
The presentations at the conference and papers generously prepiared by
colleagues to share their practical experiences demonstrate the increasing
commitment to and level of sophistication of programs and new initiatives
around the world to achieve the protection of public health and the
environment we seek. Opening remarks delivered by Pieter Verkerk,
Inspector General of the Dutch Environment Inspectorate, stresssed the
significance of the conference in light of other recent gatherings including
the G-8 summits in Miami (1997) and Birmingham (1998) and emphasized
the importance of international and regional environmental enforcement
networks. Steve Herman, USEPA's Assistant Administrator for
Enforcement, presented an overview and vision on behalf of the Executive
Planning Committee on where enforcement has been and where it is
heading in the next millenium, including the need for public involvement
and the balanced use of carrots and sticks. A keynote address by USEPA
Administrator Carol Browner described enforcement as a cornerstone to
a new generation of environmental protection.
Participants were inspired by compelling accounts of ecosystem
improvements through enforcement in British Columbia in Canada; of
heroic efforts to prosecute and convict, on site, illegal logging operations
in the Philippines; and of innovative use of compliance schedules and
action plans in Egypt and the Czech Republic to gain environmental
improvements and make compliance happen in the face of serious
economic and institutional impediments to compliance. We were excited
by the report from Vietnam on how they began, following the Fourth
International Conference, to initiate their environmental compliance and
enforcement program with a nation-wide inspection of all facilities, drawing
upon the resources of all levels of government and cooperation across
several ministries with a range of consequences. We saw the importance
of national networks in Ghana, of international cooperation in addressing
transboundary hazardous waste to stem illegal exports to China, and
within both North America and the European Union, and in addressing
control of new chemicals in Europe and the Americas. These are but a
few examples of the many stories contained within the volumes of the
Conference Proceedings.
The Conference not only inspired enforcement officials and NGOs but
also allowed participants the opportunity to work together to overcome
common obstacles to environmental compliance and enforcement.
Participants shared their experiences with traditional compliance and
enforcement tools in areas such as
compliance monitoring, multi-media
inspections, and criminal enforcement.
Workshops discussed strategies for public
accountability, access to information, and
access to justice. Participants explored how
to best take advantage of communications
technology and market incentives.
One consistent theme from the conference
was the need for ongoing and interlocking
networks at the national, regional and global
levels to sustain capacity building, share
experiences and technical information, and
provide mechanisms for efficient and informal
international cooperation. These efforts are
needed in order to build the most effective
environmental compliance and enforcement
systems possible. The Conference resulted
in a stronger commitment to international and
regional cooperation. Participants agreed
that, in order to undertake these efforts, plans
for a future conference, concentrating on the
development of regional enforcement
networks, should be explored.
INECE welcomes new Co-Chair
We welcome Gerard Wolters, the new
Inspector General for the Environment from the
Netherlands who is serving as co-chair of the
Exeuctive Planning Committee along with
Steve Herman of U.S. EPA's Office of
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. Mr.
Wolters brings to his new post years of
experience as a public prosecutor. Long time
INECE co-chair, Pieter Verkerk, with us from
the beginning has taken on a new challenge
as Counselor for the Environment at The
Netherlands Embassy in Washington D.C. for
Canada and the United States. We will sorely
miss Pieter and wish him well, but know that
he will still be striving to advance environmental
enforcement.
The INECE Newsletter
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CURRENT I N E C E PROJECTS
The INECE network is only as successful as those willing
to share their experiences. One way to do this is to
contribute to ongoing projects and to suggest and either
lead or participate in new ones. Below are several projects
to which you are invited to contribute:
Country progress and capacity building priorities for
environmental compliance and enforcement
The INECE partnership is working to issue global and
regional aggregate reports on country program status and
capacity building priorities for environmental law,
compliance, and enforcement. In order to complete this
report, INECE is awaiting information from many nations
but has already received results from over 40 countries.
The country progress/self assessment format was designed
to be a bottom up process starting with a format to help
countries assess progress and priorities for capacity
building. The format, a first version, will be improved on
and simplified in the future but has been a positive
"experiment". A copy of the format can be obtained from
INECE or at the internet homepage: www.inece.org. A list
of countries from whom we have received reports is listed
at - www.inece.org/Letter/CPR. Additional perspectives and
information is always welcome.
Transboundary Trade in Potentially Hazardous (Waste,
Pesticide, Ozone-Depleting) Substances
Originally prepared as a pre-publication draft in 1996, this
Technical Support Document is in the process of being
updated and finalized. New statistics, enforcement
information, and anecdotal examples are being added to
further this document's usefulness. It includes current
information on the Basel Convention, Montreal Protocol and
CITES as well as Prior Informed Consent, and related
resources and information centers. Once completed, it will
be available both in hard copy and on the Internet along
with other Technical Support Documents that the INECE
partnership has previously published on mining,
deforestation, tourism, residential and industrial solid waste
disposal, and petroleum refining and petrochemicals.
Using Compliance Schedules and Action Plans To
Achieve Environmental Results
Inspired by working with the governments of Poland and
the Czech Republic and sharing of the experiences in the
United States, Egypt and Venezuela, the draft working
paper "Using Compliance Schedules and Action Plans to
Achieve Environmental Results" seeks to draw on different
country and NGO experiences for lessons learned in
drafting such provisions to make their terms more likely to
be complied with. The draft emphasizes the use of
compliance schedules or action plans as a common
denominator used by different countries in a number of
vehicles such as an administrative or judicial enforcement
order, agreement, permit or license as a method for
establishing a realistic and staged basis for making progress
on meeting environmental objectives in a manner that
realistically considers resource and technological
constraints and minimizes adverse economic impacts. The
report focuses on how important principles can be the basis
for negotiations which establish and maintain'the
responsibility of the polluter to comply with environmental
requirements established by law in a realistic manner.
Additional country examples and comments are still being
solicited and incorporated into the document which will be
available this calendar year in draft or final, depending upon
our ability to draw oh many different examples.
Practical implementation and training materials to
support enforcement: International environmental
agreements
The next area of INECE involvement is support for
enforcement officials through exchange of practical
implementation and training materials by making them
available through the Internet and in hard copy. One focus
will be support of the enforcement of international
environmental agreements, the multilateral environmental
agreements identified in the lead article: Basel, Montreal
Protocol and CITES at the national level. We will also
continue to provide such materials on other areas as well
as the need and opportunities to do so arise. The article
above on FAO and the call for inspector manuals for
pesticide inspectors is an example of such a project. All
languages are welcome as they can reach a related
audience.
Papers and dialogue on special topics and greater
support for enforcement cooperation.
INECE conferences have supported exchanges on special
topics the results of which are committed to paper. The
Internet structure is undergoing a change to better support
ongoing dialogue on these and other topics of interest. If
you would like to introduce new areas of discussion please
so identify to the INECE Secretariat. Otherwise we will
support a structure on the Internet for ongoing dialogue on
these important matters. This will be available by the
beginning of next calendar year. All are welcome to offer
comments and make requests in the interim. Some areas
will be password protected as appropriate to secure the
dialogues and information exchange for their intended
purpose. 1$
See the INECE website for more
information:
www.inece.org
The International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
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REGIONAL
Africa Regional Network
African Development Bank (ADB)
Contact: Mr. Eugene Shannon
Phone: 225-205-558
Fax: 225-205-033
E-Mail: e.shannon@adb.org
African Environmental Lawyers Network
Contact: NESDA Secretariat
Phone: 225-20-54-18/20-54-19
Fax: 225-20-59-22
E-Mail: nesda@africaonline.co.ci
Central Afrlca/CEPREDESCI
Contact: Mr. Pierre Mbouegnong
Phone: 237-23-9229
Fax: 237-23-9233
E-Mail: mbouegnong@yahoo.fr
East Africa
Contact: Mr. Robert Wabunoha
Phone: 256-41-25-1064
Fax: 256-41-25-7521
E-Mail: aryamany@starcom.co.ug
South Africa
Contact: Mr. Francois Hanekom
Phone: 27123-103-666
Fax: 271123-229-231
E-Mail: sek_rs@ozone.pwv.gov.za
Contact: Mr. Mfaro Moyo
Phone: 263-4-797-951
Fax: 263-4-797-953
E-Mail: mfarom@deep.com
West Africa
Contact: Mr. William Ahortorr
Phone: 23321-664-697
Fax: 23321-662-690
E-Mail: epaingo@ncs.com.gh
Contact: Mr. Goke Adegoroye
Phone: 234-9-234-2807
Fax: 234-1-585-1570
"V
NETWORK CONTACTS
NEAREP
Contact: Mr. Hongjun Zhang
Phone: 1-617-740-7043
Fax: 1-617-740-7043
E-Mail: zhj0611@yahoo.com
zhanghj@mail.ied.ac.cn
SACEP
Contact: Mr. Ananda Joshi
Phone: 94-1-589-376
Fax: 94-1-589-369
E-Mail: aj_sacep@eureka.lk
SPREP
Contact: Ms. Lois Kesu
Phone: 675-325-0194
Fax: 675-325-0133
Americas Regional Networks
CEC/North American Working Group on
Environmental Enforcement and Compliance
Cooperation
Contact: Ms. Darlene Pearson
Phone: 1-514-350-4334
: Fax: 1-514-350-4314
E-Mail: dpearson@ccemtl.org
Central American Commission of Sustainable
': Development (CCAD)
Contact: Mr. Marco A. Gonzalez Pastora
Phone: 502-333-4486
Fax: 502-334-3877
E-Mail: magoup@citel.com.gt
FIDA (Americas Hemispheric Network)
Contact: Mr. Eric Dannenmaier
Phone: 1-202-458-3454
Fax: 1-202-458-3560
E-Mail: fida@oas.org
CARIB-INECE
Contact: Mr. Tim Kasten
Phone: 1-876-922-9267
Fax: 1-876-922-9292
E-Mail: tjk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com
Asia and Pacific Regional Networks ! Contact: Mr^Vmcen^Sweeney
ASPA-INECE
Contact: Mr. Lai Kurukulasuriya
Phone: 66-2-288-1877
Fax: 66-2-280-3829
E-Mail: kurukulasuriya@un.org
ASEAN
Contact: Mr. Aziz A. Rasol
Phone: 60-8-241-8535
Fax: 60-8-242-2863
E-Mail: pasar@po.jaring.my
Fax: 1-758-453-2721
E-Mail: cehi@candw.lc
Contact: Mr. Fred Campbell
Phone: 1-876-754-7567
Fax: 1-876-754-7550
E-Mail: nrca@inforchan.com
ANDEAN-INECE
Contact: Ms. Trinidad Ordonez
Phone: 1-593-254-0455
Fax: 1-593-256-5809
E-Mail: mma@ecuanex.net.ec
The INECE Newsletter
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Mercusol
Contact: Mr. Antonio Benjamin
Phone: 5511-574-7542
Fax: 56-11-574-7542
E-Maii: planet-ben@uol.com.br
Europe Regional Networks
-IMPEL -'.'' .-; - ''( ' '''
Contact:
Phone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
ECA-INECE
Contact:
Phone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
Mr. Terrance Shears
322-296-7191
322-299-1070
terrance.shears@dg11.cec.be
Mr. Krystoff Michalak
331-45-24-9600
331-45-24-9671
TBS@nt.gamta.lt
AC-IMPEL
Contact:
Phone:
Fax:
E-Maii:
Contact:
Phone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
Mr. Nassos Balodimos
322-296-9127
322-299-4123
athanoassios.balodimos@
dg11.cec.be
Mr. Ladislav Miko
420-2-683-4662
420-2-683-4757
miko@cizo.cz
REGIONAL NETWORKS
ECA-INECE:
EUROPEAN REGION
Europe-Central Asia Network Plans Second Meeting
The Europe Central Asia INECE network (ECA-INECE) is
planning to hold their second meeting, the first since the
Monterey meeting. The meeting is planned to be held in
Chisinau, Moldova on September 23 and 24. In addition, a
meeting sponsored by the World Bank to discuss
Environmental Impact Analysis will be held in the same
location on September 25.
Representatives from The Netherlands, the United States,
the OECD, which is sponsoring the meeting, the World Bank
and other organizations will also attend. In addition, it is
expected that there will be significant NGO representation
at the meeting. This meeting will continue the process
begun in Vilnius, Lithuania in 1998 which established the
role for the ECA-INECE network.
The Chisinau meeting will focus on the issues in the Newly
Independent States (NIS) as well as the other Central and
East European countries that make up ECA-INECE. The
main objectives of the meeting will be to:
- provide a continuing forum for sharing experiences
in environmental law enforcement and discussing
problems and opportunities in ensuring compliance
with environmental compliance;
- review a draft survey of environmental compliance
and enforcement in the NIS;
- to develop recommendations for strengthening
environmental compliance and enforcement in the
region.
The meeting will also provide an opportunity for discussing
the possibility of launching a Network on environmental
compliance and enforcement in the NIS. The relationships
between this potential network and other existing groups
will also be discussed.
The meeting will be conducted in Russian with English-
Russian translation. t&
AC-IMPEL Network
AC-IMPEL is working hard to network among the CEE-EU
candidate countries. The Work Programme has been set
and is being implemented. It includes review of national
legislation and reports on progress in implementing
European Union legislation in each of the countries in line
for accession into the European Union, inspector exchange
programs, training and information exchange, and
multilateral projects proposed by members with an
opportunity to participate in IMPEL projects. Its focus is
both nature conservation and pollution control, fg.
The International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
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AMERICAS REGION
North American Working Group on Environmental Enforcement
and Compliance Cooperation (EWG)
Since 1995, environmental enforcement officials from
Canada, Mexico and the United States have been
cooperating through the North American Working Group on
Environmental Enforcement and Compliance Cooperation to
effectively enforce their environmental laws. This cooperation
takes place under a side agreement to the North American
Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Cooperative enforcement
and compliance activities are incorporated into the work
program of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation
(CEC), which was set up to implement and manage activities.
Highlights of 1998/1999 activities include: 1) holding a public
forum on environmental management systems and ISO
14001 in cooperation with the Organization for American
States in Washington, DC; 2) developing pilots for indicators
of effective monitoring for compliance and enforcement
relating to the respective hazardous waste requirements in
the three countries; 3) presenting an international workshop
on trade In coral and marine invertebrates in Los Angeles;
4) producing an annual report on how the three parties
respectively fulfilled their obligations to effectively enforce
for compliance with domestic environmental requirements.
A conference on wildlife forensics is scheduled for September
27 - October 1,1999 in Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Project on Environmental Management Systems: Liaison
Status to ISO?
A 1998 report, "Environmental Management Systems and
Compliance," has been forwarded to the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO). The CEC may seek
liaison status with ISO to facilitate a wider international
exchange of ideas on EMSs and ISO 14001. One issue in
particular, of concern to the governments of North America
is the fact that ISO 14001 includes a requirement that there
be a policy commitment to compliance and to prevention of
pollution, however, the management systems themselves
need not be directed to achieving performance levels that
are in compliance with environmental laws. All of these
activities provide opportunities to build further capacity for
trilateral enforcement cooperation programs and
initiatives. J&
Organization of American States Moves Toward Inauguration
of New Inter-American Forum on Environmental Law
Elected leaders from 34 Western Hemisphere countries met
at the Bolivia Summit of the Americas for Sustainable
Development in 1996 and agreed to "cooperate in the
establishment of a hemispheric network of officials and
experts in environmental law and its enforcement and
compliance? in coordination with the Organization of
American States (OAS). This initiative grew in part from the
work of INECE and the recognition that progress must be
made on environmental law at a regional level. The Summit
agreement called for a network to facilitate the exchange of
knowledge and experiences in environmental law; constitute
a focal point for cooperative efforts that support development
and strengthening of environmental laws, relevant policies
and institutions, and implementation; and provide and
facilitate training and capacity building in environmental law
and implementation.
OAS has consulted broadly over the past year to determine
how such a network might function most effectively and its
strategic emphasis. Based on these consultations, OAS
member states will establish the network, "Inter-American
Forum on Environmental Law" (FIDA), in early 2000. FIDA
will operate in coordination with entities and networks active
in environmental law, enforcement and compliance -
including INECE and sub-regional networks within the
Americas.
Most of FIDA's work will be through thematic working groups
organized around two biennial themes -focusing on priority
substantive and procedural issues in the region. The first
themes are: 1. Legal Frameworks for Water Resource
Management and 2) Integrating Market-Based Instruments
and Regulatory Enforcement for Sustainable Environmental
Management.
FIDA will also establish permanent committees to promote
cooperation and information exchange in the following critical
areas: 1) Enforcement and Compliance; 2) Environmental
Conflict Resolution; 3) Public Participation in Environmental
Decision-making and 4) Environmental Law Education.
FIDA members will direct the network's agenda with member
state guidance through a structure that integrates national
focal points with working committees coordinated by a
secretariat within the OAS as illustrated below.
An inaugural meeting is planned for FIDA in early 2000 in
South America. Additional information will be circulated to
interested persons in the near future. &
The INECE Newsletter
10
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Mercusol
To further in-country networks in Brazil, the Brazilian
non-governmental organization (NGO), Lawyers for a
Green Planet Institute headed by Antonio Benjamin,
organized a two week exchange from July 20-30 in
Washington, D.C., with USEPA and the Environmental Law
Institute, for twenty-seven, prosecuting attorneys, state
judges and environment ministry attorneys from 16 different
states in Brazil on environmental law, implementation and
enforcement in the U.S. The final two days included half-day
visits to the U.S. Department of Justice, other federal
agencies, the national Congress, the Supreme Court, and
Region
the World Bank. This will be followed by a conference in
Amazonas on November which will use presentations on
the principles of environmental enforcement to foster
dialogue among state environment organizations, public
prosecutors and NGOs on an ongoing basis. The success
of the program has also led to proposals to conduct the
training again to include also representatives from the five
former Portuguese colonies in Africa, to be held in
Washington either in September 2000 or in the summer of
2001. gg.
AFRICA AND WEST ASIA REGION
Network of African Environmental Lawyers
A recent development in Africa is the creation of a regional
Network, of African Environmental Lawyers. With NESDA
as a home base for the Secretariat, it will facilitate the
establishment of diverse professional networks at the sub-
regional and/or continental levels in Africa to provide a forum
for African professionals. Its specific objectives are:
- to inform African lawyers on new challenges in
environmental law and provide the tools which will
allow them to bring their support and assistance
during the formulation of policies,
- to encourage contacts and cooperation among African
environmental lawyers and with relevant organizations
and institutions in and outside Africa to meet and
know each other, exchange experiences and mutually
learn from one another.
- to contribute, in the long term, to the enhancements
for the people of Africa through expert support for the
formulation and effective implementation of
environmental policies, improved decision making by
political actors, legislators and magistrates as well as
the awareness of civil society major groups such as
farmers, workers, women and youth.
The fundamental goal of the network is the establishment
of a framework, which will enable environmental lawyers
from the various sub-regions in Africa to get together. Thus,
through its various training and awareness raising activities
and through the provision of quality advisory services, the
network will contribute towards raising the awareness of
all actors involved and thereby enhance the sustainable
management of natural resources in Africa.
The network will create a dynamism which will manifest
itself in enhanced collaboration and cooperation of relevant
organizations existing in Africa, with each organization
pursuing its regular activities but the value resulting from
the cooperation and collaboration becoming greater than
the sum total of the individual activities through the
integration of initiatives. In the long run, the aim is also to
set up a directory of all the competent individuals, which
will be used as a reference document not only for the African
countries to rely on, but also for the international partners
which can tap on such expert individuals in Africa for
consultancies or any other environmental law experts
activities. MI
Center for Popularization of Research on the Drawing up and Enforcement of
Environment Conservation and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Related Legal
Instruments (CEPREDESCI)
On August 13, 1999, Cameroon officials approved the
creation of an environmental NGO, Center for
Popularization of Research on the Drawing up and
Enforcement of Environment Conservation and Sustainable
Use of Natural Resources Related Legal Instruments
(CEPREDESCI). CEPREDESCI aims to bring together
legal and scientific experts to contribute to the development
and enforcement of environmental laws that are based on
reliable scientific and technical aids; promote conservation
and sustainable use of natural resources; provide training
for environment conservation and sustainable development;
assist any citizen or organization with sustainable
environmental management; and foster partnerships with
other scientific and environmental law organizations
including E-LAW, ELI, ELNI and IUCN. Sponsorship is
currently being sought after to provide assistance for the
organization's efforts. Mr. Pierre Mbouegnong, President
of CEPREDESCI, has lead the organization in its
preliminary activities which include training of government
officials in the environment administration and developing
scientific norms for the legislative standards on
desertification. Activities for future consideration include
the Agriculture and Forestry Project sponsored by the
African Development Bank as well as environmental
improvements to the Cameroon municipalities (e.g. drinking
water, hazardous waste, urban sanitation). $
11
The International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
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Africa's Enforcement Networks
African subregional enforcement networks for North, South,
East, West and Central Africa identified during the Fifth
International Conference are still in their formative stages
of development. See list of contacts for regional networks.
For Central Africa, a workprogram has been developed and
proposed to several potential sponsoring organizations.
These enforcement networks are multidisciplinary in nature
and focus on environmental compliance and enforcement
issues. In the meantime, a continent wide effort is resulting
in a Network of African Environmental Lawyers which is
featured in this issue of the INECE Newsletter. The African
Development Bank is integrating environmental compliance
and enforcement concerns into its activities with the
Regional Member Countries (RMCs). In particular and most
recently a World Bank sponsored mission involving 5
lectures on mining and the environment, a field trip on good
mining practices; especially dealing with the effluents of
mercury and cyanide in the retrieval of Au (gold) all of which
stressed the importance of compliance and enforcement
as regards mining legislation. j£
ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION
ASPA-INECE: Asia and Pacific
At the Fourth International Conference on Environmental
Compliance and Enforcement, held in Chiang Mai, Thailand
in 1996, strong support was generated for the development
of regional networks within the broader framework of
INECE. In September 1998, UNEP, in collaboration with
SACEP, organised the Regional Workshop for the
Establishment of an Asia Pacific Regional Network for
Environmental Compliance and Enforcement. At this
meeting, principles on the development of the Asia-Pacific
International Network on Environmental Compliance and
Enforcement (ASPA-INECE) were established. These
principles included ideas on how the network should be
structured and operationalized through regional and sub-
regional networks. The sub-regional networks include
SACEP (South Asia Cooperative Environment
Programme), ASEAN (Association of South East Asian
Nations), NEAREP (Northeast Asia Regional Environment
Program), and a network of Pacific Island countries.
Following this, the recommendations and conclusions of
the Regional Workshop, including the principles, were
endorsed by the participants at the Fifth International
Conference on Environmental Compliance and
Enforcement, held in Monterey, California, in November
1998. At the Conference, there was discussion about the
planned activities for ASPA-INECE and broad agreement
on the delineation of the sub-regional networks by country.
Details on the planned activities of ASPA-INECE as well
as more information on the sub-regional networks can be
found in the Proceedings from the Fifth International
Conference. j&
SACEP: South Asia
In September 1998, the South Asia Cooperative
Environment Programme (SACEP) SACEP collaborated
with UNEP to organize the Regional Workshop for the
Establishment of an Asia-Pacific Regional Network for
Environmental Compliance and Enforcement. At the
workshop, participants shared their experiences and
discussed the issues surrounding environmental
compliance and enforcement in their respective countries.
Building on the momentum from this meeting and the Fifth
International INECE Conference, SACEP, along with UNEP
and the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning, and
the Environment, participated in an organizational meeting
at the UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific in
Bangkok in January 1999. The goal of the meeting was to
develop the framework for a South Asian sub-regional
network. The network will build upon existing projects and
programmes such as UNEP's Network for Environmental
Training at the Tertiary Level in Asia-Pacific (NETTLAP)
and the SACEP/UNEP/NORAD Joint Project on
Environmental Law and Policy in South Asia. This sub-
regional network will support the efforts of ASPA-INECE.
Some of the activities identified for the network include an
information database on environmental compliance and
enforcement, training programs for government officials,
inspector exchange programs, and the development of
training manuals. A project proposal for the new sub-
regional network has been developed and will be presented
before a meeting of Senior Environmental Officials of
Countries of South Asia scheduled for August 1999 in Sri
Lanka. Once reviewed and endorsed by the Senior
Environmental Officials, SACEP, with the assistance of
UNEP, the US-EPA, and the Dutch Ministry of Housing,
Spatial Planning and the Environment, will submit the
proposal for the network to several international funding
agencies including the World Bank, jjf-
The INECE Newsletter
12
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PUBLICATIONS AND STUDIES
INECE Publications
A resource library of capacity building and technical support
documents developed by the INECE partnership is now
available on the Internet Web site and in hard copy on
request by government officials, individuals from
international and non-governmental organizations involved
in environmental compliance and enforcement activities.
Two new documents completed in preparation for the Fifth
International Conference include: 1) International Inspector
Training Compendium, Course and Program Comparison;
and 2) Citizen Enforcement: Tools for Effective Participation.
Past reports supplemented by these documents include:
3) Financing Environmental Permit, Compliance and
Enforcement Programs; 4) Source Self-Monitoring,
Reporting, and Recordkeeping Requirements: an
International Comparison; 5) Multimedia Inspection
Protocols; 6) Communications Strategies for Environmental
Enforcement Programs; and 7) a pre-publication draft of
Transboundary Trade in Potentially Hazardous (Waste,
Pesticides and Ozone depleting) Substances. All these
reports complement the Principles of Environmental
Enforcement and UNEP's Publication on Industry
Environmental Compliance.
International Trade and the Basel
Convention
Jonathan Kreuger's book, published in 1999 by the Royal
Institute of International Affairs, highlights the current
challenges facing the parties to the Basel Convention on
the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and their Disposal. Krueger documents the
evolution of the Basel Convention, including the Parties'
decision to limit the trade of hazardous waste flowing from
industrialized nations to developing countries; efforts to
more clearly define the type of wastes regulated; and
initiatives to monitor the implementation of and compliance
with the duties imposed by the Convention. The author
explores how well the purposes of the Convention have
been met as an attempt to regulate and minimize the
increasing number of transboundary movements of
hazardous waste through trade measures and the economic
implications of several controversial provisions regarding
waste characterization and movement. Krueger reports that
the ability to monitor compliance and take enforcement
measures against those in non-compliance, are presently
quite limited, making illegal traffic of hazardous wastes more
likely. The parties, however, are endeavoring to improve
this situation. A Consultative Subgroup created by the COP-
4 is exploring how to better monitor compliance. In order to
increase compliance with the Convention, the Basel
Secretariat created a cooperative initiative with INTERPOL
to: exchange information on cases involving illegal traffic;
train police and customs officers; and establish regional
implementation centers. The Convention's Ad Hoc Working
Group of Legal and Technical Experts is developing a
protocol on liability and compensation for damage arising
from transboundary movements of hazardous wastes. The
COP has instructed the Working Group to make all efforts
to finalize the draft articles of the protocol in order to present
it for consideration and adoption at COP-5 (Dec. 1999).
Krueger believes a liability regime and tracking systems
such as the US and Mexico HAZTRAKS system are critical
and advocates a standard of strict liability for illegal
traffickers.
International Environmental Law and
Policy
This recently published text by David Hunter, James
Salzman and Durwood Zaelke is a reference book for
academics, practitioners, and policymakers on the evolving
response to global environmental problems. It first
discusses the problems, players and principles that shape
emerging policies and legal regimes. It then reviews the
science, economics and politics of specific environmental
problems and legal responses. Finally, it analyzes the
relationship between international environmental law and
other legal regimes including Trade and Investment, Human
Rights, National Security and Corporate Codes of Conduct.
A Treaty Supplement and a teacher's manual are also
available. Additional materials and updates are published
at www.wcl.american.edu/pub/IEL. Order from
www.Amazon.com, or Foundation Press at
Steve.Errick@westgroup.com, or 1-800-917-7377.
Indicators of Effective Enforcement
The Law and Policy Program of the Commission for
Environ-mental Cooperation (CEC) published the
Proceedings of a North American Dialogue on Indicators
of Effective Environ-mental Enforcement. The CEC-
sponsored dialogue explored the development of indicators
used to evaluate the performance of Canada, Mexico and
the United States in their implementation of environmental
policies and programs. The Proceedings examines their
policies, programs and strategies as related to indicators
of effective environmental enforcement; the actual and
potential use of public response indicators for evaluating
effectiveness of policies, programs and strategies; and the
development and use of effective enforcement indicators
in Europe. Also included in the Proceedings are
presentations, discussion summaries and a participant list.
The report is now available on the CEC website at http://
www.cec.org.
13
The International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
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Ill 1 Hi I in I I I ll||i I III I (Illll I I Mi I i 11
The INgCE Executive
Committee
I'ctlng as'the Newsletter
BOARD ;
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== ML Mi CaKfenas, Philippines
Ms. H. Cizkova, Czech Republic
. C. Cjrrie^ Canada
:(^' Mr" B^ Sana Baraona, Chile
nij4i,±i±i! Is ;!:,!;! 3 sii,;,:
-------
Contact information for INECE
international Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
/. Please return to by fax to: 1-301-946-8984 or electronically at: http://inece.org/Commun.htm
Name (Dr./Mr./Mrs./Ing./Hon,):_
Title:
Organization:
Department:
Telephone:
E-Mail:
Fax:
Address:
City/State:
P.O. Box:
Country:
Type of Organization (circle one):
Government - National, State/Province, Municipal; Police
NGO - National, International, Academic
Professional Area (circle):
Policy, Management, Legal, Technical, Academic
Media Specialty (circle): Multi-Media, Air
Pollution, Water Pollution, Natural Resources,
Toxic Chemicals, Drinking Water, Waste,
Pesticides, Haz-Waste Import/Export
Relevant Responsibilities:
Relevant Professional Expertise/Experience:
II. Willing to Contribute
Contribute news items to Newsletter.
Make a link with existing INTERNET home page
Respond to inquiries about country or organization programs and experience.
Prepare a paper for publication:
Participate in International Networking by:
Engaging in an ongoing dialogue on a special topic.
Participating in or hosting a regional meeting.
Supporting a regional project: e.g., training, information exchange, etc.
Consider or respond to requests for information, assistance.
///. Interest in receiving information
Please place me on the Newsletter Mailing List
Conference Proceedings and technical documents are available at http://inece.org or can be requested
in hardcopy from INECE EPC staff
IV. Preferred Means of Communication
E-mail Mail Fax Telephone_
Periodic Meetings_
V. Include Contact in a directory of contacts for enforcement of hazardous waste import/export
Name: Title:
Phone:
Fax:
e-mail:
U.S. EPA - 401 M Street, SW, MC 2251 A, Washington, DC 20460, USA * Tel: 1-202-564-7129 Fax: 1-202-564-0070 E-Mail: wasserman.cheryl@epa.gov
VROM - IPC 680, P.O. Box 30945,2500 GX The Hague, The Netherlands, Tel: 31-70-339-2536 Fax: 31-70-339-1300 E-Mail: Jo.Gerardu@IMH-HI.DGM.minvrom.nl
15
International Network for Environmental Compliance and Enforcement
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INECE
401 M STREET, SW MC 2251 A
WASHINGTON, DC 20460
USA
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