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should implement wellhead protection. Pennsylvania is in the process
of developing its WHP program. The Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources has awarded grants to eight municipalities to
help in managing their ground water resources. They are also prepar-
ing to submit a WHP program plan to EPA for approval. The District
of Columbia is not served by ground water and as such is not develop-
ing a WHP program.
Maryland Wellhead Protection Delineations
Maryland provides a very good example of how a state in EPA Region
III can address very complex geologic conditions in developing
wellhead protection efforts. The State of Maryland extends across five
physiographic provinces. The result is highly variable hydrogeologic
settings. The Maryland Department of the Envkonment (MDE) has
conducted several delineation demonstration projects throughout the
state in these different aquifer settings. The MDE established that a
semi-analytical approach using an EPA ground water flow computer
model called "WHPA" is the best approach for most settings in
Maryland. In addition, an analytical method used in Florida to calcu-
late recharge areas to wells was compared. One-year and ten-year time
of travel (TOT) zones were calculated using both methods. The MDE
recommended a 10-year TOT criterion for delineation. Hydrogeologic
mapping helped to identify boundary conditions at each of the sites.
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