9
                        CBP/APR92100
                PROGRAM
       I
Chesapeake Bay
Striped Bass Fishery
Management Plan
                        April 1992
Printed on Recycled Paper

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                                           Plan
               Chesapeake Bay Program
                       June 1992
Printed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for the Chesapeake Bay Program

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 Introduction

      Under~ttie 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement, the Bay- jurisdictions^
 committed tptjleveloping a series of fishery- management p1tans"(FMPs)
 for  commercially,  recreationally>^-~ and~  selected  ecologically-
 valuable- species-;  Striped bass was selected; ais- an important species
 and a management plan was completed in 1989. The plan was developed
 by  thfe Fisheries- Management Workgroup  under the  Chesapeake— Bay
 Program's Living -Resources Subcommittee, The workgroup is composed:
 crfr  representatives — from,  government  agencies ,.   the   academic
 community,"  the fishing  industry,  - and' public  interest  groups
 representingr-the^ District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania^ and;
 Virginia;.,- The Striped Bass FMP contains r biological informational a
 discussion  of 1 problem, areas,,,, and_recommendedl management actions. ;
 The FMP- alsoi provides the f ramework for- regulating? an open stribeds5
Background—                        \'\~-J-.-'..  -'-"'

     In, orders to  counteract the severe  decline ,in  striped, bass:
landings- and:: recruitment^ Ma^^land^ena^stedrc mmoratoriumr onr stripedr
bass fishiriglLon January. 1, 19 ast.- and- Virginia  enacted size limits
and seasonal restrictions.  Four years-later the Potomac River- and™
the Virginia fisheries were also crdsed";: The 1989 Maryland striped
bass juvenile index exceeded. the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries
Commission's (ASMFC) trigger  (a three year running average of 8.0)
for opening the fishery.  The .1989 Maryland  index was the highest
value since 1970 and a limited striped bass fishery was opened for
the 1990-1991 season. The ASMFC Interstate Striped Bass Management
Plan established measures to control and monitor fishing along the
coast. State management guidelines were to limit fishing mortality
(F) to  0.25 or  about 18% of the legal size  fish being harvested.
The  ASMFC  recommendations   included  measures  at  least   as
conservative as the following: restriction of commercial fishing to
those months which  accounted for 20% of the average  commercial
catch from  1972 to 1979; a  year-round  recreational  creel limit of
one fish per person per day; minimum size limits of 18 inches total
length  (TL)  for resident stocks  in  inland waters and 28 inches TL
for migratory  stocks  (generally in the  Atlantic  Ocean) ;  and  a
recommended prohibition on  fishing  striped bass  on  their spawning
grounds during  the spawning season. Each state  submitted fishery
plans describing  how  they would meet the  criteria for ASMFC ' s
approval.

     During the 1990-1991 Chesapeake Bay fishing season, the total
estimated  striped bass  harvest was  650,700  Ibs.  for  Maryland,
264,200 Ibs. for Virginia,  and 249,870  Ibs.  for the  Potomac  River.
The  District of  Columbia  reported  no  recreational  catch  and
commercial  fishing was prohibited.  In addition,  estimated  losses
due  to   bycatch  and poaching  mortality  from  recreational  and
commercial  fisheries activities was 168,300  Ibs.  for  Maryland  and
129,642  Ibs. for Virginia.

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     The .primary objectives  of striped  bass management  in the
Chesapeake.Bay and along the Atlantic coast are to control fishing
mortality at F=0.25 and to continue rebuilding the spawning- stock.-
As  part of  the fishery  management process,  the 7 Chesapeake Bay
Striped Bass Plan is annually  reviewed  and updated.  This report
gives  an  overview of  the regulations,  enforcement>  and harvest
pertaining to the- 1&91—1992-striped bass  fishery  in-the Chesapeake
Bay. For specific informatibn_on the. management plan,  refer to the
1989  Chesapeake Bay Striped  Bass Management  Plan.  For specific
information on the 1990-1991 striped bass fishing season, refer to
the April 1991 Annual Progress Report, Chesapeake Bay  Striped Bass
Fishery Management Plan.   -              .          "-     ;

Stock status

     The  Striped  Bass— Stock  Assessment  Subcommittee  (SBSAS)
evaluated the  current  status of the  Atlantic coast  striped bass
stock. Their assessment of_the 1991 fishingseason was based on 1)
mortality estimates from  the Chesapeake Bay, Hudson River:and" the
mixed coastal stocky 2)- trends  in relative spawning. stocky biomass
(weight of  all  sexually mature fish  in  the population): from the
Chesapeake  Bay  and" Hudson  River;  and  3)  trends   in  juvenile
production from various^ Virginia,  Maryland, Delaware, and Hudson
rivers. Their analysis suggests that the  current  fishing mortality
rate  (F) on  legal and sublegal striped  bass  ranges  from 0.09 to
0.26.  Indices  of  spawning stock  biomass  from  along  the  coast
suggest that striped bass spawning  biomass  is rebuilding  at a
steady  rate.  From an  examination of  juvenile indices,  dominant
year-classes are apparent in the last several years and support the
evidence  of  increasing  spawning  stock  biomass  (Crecco!  1991).
Overall  instantaneous  rates  of  mortality  (Z)  from along  the
Atlantic coast are stable with  an average of 0.43 (SE=0.042). The
SBSAS conclusions suggest that  striped bass exploitation is being
controlled and the stock  is rebuilding. However, the  stock is not
fully recovered  and will  require more time before current|fishing
regulations can be relaxed to allow an exploitation rate of F=0.50.

     The major fishing regulations adopted by  each Chesapeake Bay
jurisdiction during the 1991-1992 fishing season are presented in
Table 1. In  addition to  seasons, creel  limits,  size limits, and
quotas  or  caps, there were also  gear, area,  and other types of
restrictions. These  restrictions are included in Table  2  which
presents an  overview  of all  actions taken  in  response to the
Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass Management Plan.
                                                         i

Fishery Dependent Monitoring Programs                    :

     Fishery  dependent monitoring  during  the  1991-1992  season
consisted  of collecting  commercial  and recreational  catch  and
effort data.  For comparison,  results from  the 1990-1991 ;and the
1991-1992 fishing  seasons are  presented  in Tables 3 and  4.  The

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 f ol-lowingr-rsr a-sunnnary of the fishery dependent monitoring programs
 for: each; jurisdiction- during 199 1^
      Maryland

      A~ Maryjtandr striped bass trophy fishery was lieia from May; lltlr
 to  May 25th, 1991.  During this period, a  person  could catch one
 striped-bass, S6" TL or larger. The  fishing area was restricted to
 the area  south of  the Chesapeake  Bay Bridge  to- the Maryland-
 Virginia state  line  excluding  all bays,  sounds:,  tributaries,
 creeks,  and rivers> ~exeept~ Tangier  andT Pocomoke- Sounds/ The- area
 restrictions protected the  striped  bass spawning  grounds  in
 compdxancse with- ASMFG recommendations . The juse- o& gaffs and live
 bait  were prohibited^ Each angler had to have a special permit and
 45^800 trophy permit^  were issued.  All harvested1 fish- had- to-, be-
 tagged- and: checked: afcrac cdiscdcr in; station: where^ a biological data
 form  was- completed-. :The~ trophy-  fishery- was™ mond?tored^ through- a=
 combination of telephone and. access/intercept surveys, reports from
 checfc-ini stations^  and- individual fishing permits. During the May
 1991  trophy season^- 1A9- fish-were checked- inrwithSam average^ Ifengthr
 of - 39 . 9" TL  ( 101 . 3 cm): and an average^ weight: of: 23^^EL Ibs.~ ( ixaiac kg):
 Using inf ormatibn- £rom: the telephone survey, it was estimated that
 43% of the  trophy;" anglers failed  to- check-in^ their^  catch.  Non
 compliance   was  -probably- a   combination-   of-   confusing   the
 access/ intercept contact with the reguisite check- in procedure and
 intentionally disregarding the procedure.  Based on the telephone
 and access/ intercept surveys, the 1991 trophy fishery harvested an
 estimated  336  striped  bass  weighing  7,973  Ibs.  Losses  due  to
 illegal harvest  and hook and release were  estimated at 6,148 fish
 or  49,184 Ibs.  (Jones et al. 1991).

      In order to regulate  the striped  bass  fisheries  and maintain
 exploitation within ASMFC  guidelines,  particularly the limitation
 of  fishing mortality to 18% of  the  stock, the  Maryland Department
 of  Natural  Resources   (MDNR)  developed a  harvest control model
 (Rugolo and  Jones 1989)  . The 1991-1992 quota for all fisheries was
 1,071,700 Ibs. and was  allocated  as follows: 455,473  Ibs.   (42.5%)
 to the recreational fishery; 455,473 Ibs. (42.5%) to the commercial
 fxshery; and 160,754 Ibs.  (15%) to  the  charterboat fishery.

      The recreational fishery was monitored through telephone and
 access-intercept surveys. The open season was October 9-26, 1991,
with  a 2 fish per  person per season creel  limit.  Since the quota
was not reached during the scheduled season, a  supplemental season
was implemented. The recreational fishery was reopened on November
 2-3 and 8-10 with a one fish per person per day creel  limit and on
November 16-17 with a 2 fish  per person per day creel  limit.  All
recreational fishermen  were required  to have  a special  fishing
permit and were given two  tags. All  landed  striped bass had to be
tagged. The estimated 1991  harvest of striped bass (l8"-36" TL) for
the recreational fishery was 460,866 Ibs. or 1.2% over the 455,473
pound  quota  (MDNR  1992).   Recreational fishermen  on  Maryland's

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Atlantic -coast  were- not included in the  Bay quota. The Atlantic
coast season was the same as the Chesapeake Bay season bu;t with a=
28" TL minimum  size limit and- a- 1- fish- per person per day creel
limit.                                                   •-...'.


     Charter boat captains had^ to : declarer their: intent: ;-to fish
before the  season began and were required  to record, their- daily
catch in logbooks. The fishery was "monitored through the mandatory
logbook reporting and a creel survey conducted by MDNR. The charter
season was  scheduled from October 9 -  November  11,,, 1991 but was
closed on October 27th after an in-season  projection of -harvest
exceeded the charter boat quota. Upon further analysis, the! charter
boat fishery was reopened on November 16~t7:.  Charter boat'" anglers
were allowed 2 fish per person per- day-.  The  estimated 1991 harvest
of striped  bass for, the charter: boat fishery was: 159:,2:18r Ibs. or
99% of the  160,754  Ib.  quota  (MDNR 1992).                J  -
     The  commercial;  fishery was; monitored  through  a -rp
enumeration.  The quota was  allocated by gear type and based on
historic  averages.  Pound nets,,  haul seines, and  gill nfets- were
assigned 98% of the  commercial quota. Each commerciaL fishermen was
required  to file an  intent to  fish and specify  the gear  type.
Allocations were determined according to the number of individuals
fishing a particular gear type. All  harvested striped basis had to
be tagged and passed  through a check station. The  check istations
certified the  daily harvest  for each fishermen and  provided  daily
tallies  of  striped bass harvest to  MDNR. Check  stations also
provided weekly reports of daily  harvest. Fishermen were required
to report their striped  bass harvest  on  individual permits and
monthly  fishing reports. Data from  individual  permits,  monthly
reports  and check  station  reports  were generally corroborative
(MDNR 1992) .  Due to small catches,  the pound net and haul  seine
season was extended through  October 18,  1991 and the Atlantic  drift
gill net season was extended through January  31, 1992.  The use of
fyke nets, fish pots,  and hoop nets  was prohibited. For the  1991-
1992 commercial fishing season, the total Maryland harvest from the
Chesapeake  Bay was 327,590  Ibs.  or  72% of the total  commercial
quota. The  total Atlantic harvest was  14,454  Ibs.  or 58% of the
Atlantic quota (MDNR 1992) .  Biological  monitoring  occurred during
the commercial gill net and pound  net fisheries. Fish were measured
(length   and   weight) ,   sexed,   and   aged.   Length  frequency
distributions,  mean lengths,  age structure, and  sex ratios are
being analyzed.                                          ,'

     In addition to estimating fishing  mortality, ASMFC requested
that each state also estimate losses due  to bycatch  and illegal
harvest.  Maryland  DNR estimated losses  to the   stock  from 1)
recreational and charter boat angler- induced mortality; 2) bycatch
from the striped bass, white  perch  and American shad commercial
gill net operations; 3) bycatch  from the commercial hook and. line
striped bass fishery; 4) bycatch from the ocean trawl  fishery; and

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5)t angler^indueied mortality from the commercial: striped" bass hook;
and  line fishery. Estimated  losses to the Maryland striped bass
stock^in: I99_lrdue toillegal  fishing,  hook and release mortality,._
and  bycatch were 952,142 Ibs.  (MDNR 1992). Subtotals for each of
the  sources are  presented in  Table 5.

     Virginia--  _'• -T.   '-••  ••  •    --.---•.  -,--,  -; ;-- -  -.. -    > :   :...,..--  .  .-

     The recreational striped bass harvest was estimated using an
independent  access/telephone   survey   similar  to   the  Marine
Recreational Fisheries: statistics Survey^J(MRFSS).  There  was no-
quota  for the-recreational-- fishery but two fishing periods (Oct.
11-27  and Nov.  21- Dec. 5, 1991); and a^ 2  fish per person per day
creel  limit: p^8«'^3J&H TE£.- A~ permit-wasjrequired  for ail striped-
bass- anglers and-52^ 3*0 9  permits were issued^  Estimated  trips by-
area and fishing period were combined with area specific catch rate";
data collected  from the intercept survey; to  provide estimates of
the^  number o£ fish, harvested: " (3HKG 19₯2)T^: Statistics from charter
boats  were- combihedSwd2fchVthe~ angler. surveyrc .Charter boat- captains-
were required tor report- number- of fishing-trips and number of fish
harvested.  Usijig :an: average  weight: ofs 5^9r Ibs^, per: fishr  the;
estimated recreational harvest for 1991 was 2777078 Ibs.

     During 1991,  there was^ a commercial  harvest quota of 211,000
Ibs. which  was  distributed among the different  gear types.  In
addition to gear-allocations, there were also daily harvest limits
to aid quota management. The commercial  fishery was divided into
two  fishing periods, Nov.5 - Dec. 5, 1991 for all gear types and
Dec. 6 - Dec. 20 for gill nets only. All fishermen and buyers were
required to obtain permits from the Marine Resources Commission,
report daily harvests by telephone,  and mail  weekly reports. From
the written reports, the commercial harvest for the 1991 season was
calculated at 201,831 Ibs.  (VMRC 1992).

     Biological  characteristics were sampled  from the commercial
harvest  by VMRC.  Approximately 5.4% (by weight) were sampled for
size  characteristics   (length  and   weight),   2.5%   for   sex
characteristics,  and 1.8% for age. Mean  length of the commercial
catch was  57.7 cm (22.7")  with a mean weight  of 2.0 kg (4.5 Ibs).
Of the 1,141 fish sexed,  69.3% were males.  The fish ranged in age
from 2 to 8  (year-classes 1989-1983) with 80%  from the 1985, 1986,
and  1987  year-classes.

     Additional  losses to the Virginia striped bass stock during
1991 were  estimated using 1)  bycatch from  the commercial  shad
fishery and Rappahannock gill net fishery; 2)  illegal harvest from
the  commercial  fishery;  3)  hook and release mortality  from  the
recreational and  charterboat  fishery; and 4)  mortality  due  to
biological  monitoring. The estimate of  additional  striped  bass
losses  in  Virginia  during  1991 was  198,349  Ibs.   (VMRC  1992).
Subtotals  for each of the sources is presented in  Table 6.

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      Potomac River          '                             ;
                                                          ['
      The striped bass recreational fishery on the Potomac River was
 limited  to 1 fish per person per day during a 30 day season with no
 target cap or quota.  The recreational season was  comprised of two
 fishing  periods, Oct. 11-17 and Nov.  8-20,  1991. Each boat operator
 was  issued a permit with a Togrform to be returned at  the  end of
 the  season. An estimate of the, recreational harvest was,,,calculated
 using the  summation of  the  log_sheets plus informatioriT gathered:
 from a  follow-up  -telephone" survey of the  non-respondents.  The
 estimated 1991 striped bass-recreational  harvest  from .the Potomac
 River was 109,960  Ibs.  (PRFCT1992).                       |

      The charter fishery operated under   a  14,000  Ibsi'ca'p and  a
 creel limit  of 2 fish per paying,passenger per day. Rotomac^River
 charter  boat captains are also !Licensed£by^  MDNRi  andi? report their
 catch to Maryland DNR. Virginia::charter, boat captains  operating, on
 the   Potomac   report directly- to  the Potomac  Rivers  Fisheries
 Commission   (PRFC).  The  Potomac  charters fishery  was.  monitored
 through  mandatory: reporting^ to MDNR and PRFC.  The charter fishery
 opened Oct. 11  and closed Oct. SO when reports indicated; jthe cap-was
 reached.. The 19,91, Potomac,River, charter fishery caught; M; 193  Ibs..
 of striped bass.

      The PRFC  established a  commercial harvest of 158,619  Ibs.  or
 20%  of the 1970's  average commercial harvest of striped bass  from
 the Potomac River. Each gear type was allocated a proportion of the
 target harvest. Season length  and additional fishing  restrictions
 were  determined according to gear type. The commercial fishery was
 monitored through mandatory reporting. The 1991 commercial|striped
 bass  harvest from the Potomac  River was  216,755  or 37% over the
 target harvest (PRFC  1992).

      Estimates of  additional losses  to the striped bass stock due
 to  fishing  on the  Potomac River were  calculated using  a  15%
 poaching rate. This calculation resulted  in approximately  51,140
 Ibs.  added to the total  estimated striped bass  harvest from the
 Potomac  River  during  1991.                                :

      The District  of  Columbia  had a  recreational  season from  Oct.
 5- Nov.  15,  1991 with a 2 fish/person/day  creel limit.  There is no
 estimate of recreational  catch.                           :

 Fishery  Independent Monitoring

      Effective management of the striped bass stock is  dependent on
 the  data collected  through  fishery  independent  projects. These
 programs include  spawning  stock  assessments,  tagging,  stock
 discrimination research,  and juvenile  surveys.

      Striped bass  spawning stocks have been  monitored in Maryland
waters since 1982. Data  from 1990 and  1991 indicate a broader age

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_class structure with eight year-classes represented—The relative
 abundance of female striped bass in the upper Bay declined  in  1991
 but  femaler-abundance-ih'  the  Choptank and  Potomac  Rivers  has
 remained relatively stable. During the 1990-1991  sampling  season/
 2,162 striped bass were tagged-through the United States Fish and
 Wildlife Service (USFWS) Cooperative Coastal Striped: Bass  Tagging
 Progranu In addition,^ MDNR, in eon junction with the-National Marine
 Fisheries  Service  and  the- North  Carolina- Department of Marine
 Fisheries,  tagged:  1~, 180 striped bass  from  the coastal migratory,
 stock off the coast of Virginia and North Carolina.^Tagging;results:
.will be used to evaluate striped bass stock dynamics. Although the
^_1991 Maryland juvenile index (4.4); was  below  the-long-term  average
 of 8.6, it is an improvement from the 1990 index  (Table-?-)-.
                       -__ =--*™^r"- -_= .,

      From-the-Virginia portion or the ChesapeaKerjBay/  brood: stock_
 data- from: the: Yorkr R±ver~-suggests no- changer:  inr the relative-
 abundance of female spaWners between 19"gro: and: 1991,.- Estimates, of
 egg "abundance ante f emales biomass" f rom the ichthyopliankton  survey ^
-however^  decreased^ inSLigsi:.-:  Datat: fronts thec=Yorkr  showsi  that,
 approximately^ 27%- af the^ spawning-stock-was- composed of age-eight
 Landholder- femarles^.  eatch-per-unit-of^effort  (CPUE);" data from the
 spring monitoring survey_on the Rappahannock River  also indicates
 that  the- spawning  stock irs  relatively  stabler  and  has  a  fair
 representation of older females. The Virginia Institute of Marine
 Science (VIMS)  has successfully; tagged-close-to 40,000 fish since
 1987. From over 10,000  returns,  only 3.8% have been from  out-of-
 state. Relatively  high  tag recoveries in Virginia  indicate  that
 bycatch mortality from gill nets and hook and line, are potentially
 large sources  of mortality.  The  overall  Virginia juvenile index
 dropped to 3.8 fish per seine haul in  1991  (Table 7),  the lowest
 value recorded in the past six years (Loesch and  Hill  1991).

      Biological  data on  striped  bass  within  the District of
 Columbia was collected during 1991. Standardized  gear and  methods
 of collecting data were adopted from Maryland DNR and Virginia.
 Striped bass were  tagged in  conjunction with the  USFWS  tagging
 program.  Young-of-the-year  (YOY)  and  adult  striped  bass   were
 collected during the  1991  survey. The  1991 YOY  index  of  4.4 was
 almost identical to 1990. Striped bass older than age 5  (600 mm and
 larger)  were absent from the samples.

      Since 1985, Maryland,  Virginia and USFWS have conducted an
 artificial propagation  program  to supplement  the Chesapeake Bay
 striped bass  stock.  The  success of  the  hatchery program  was
 validated  by  the  successful recapture  and  spawning of  mature
 females produced by the  hatchery.  From tag recovery  data, over 12%
 of the  1991  recreational  catch  was   of hatchery origin.  The
 contribution of hatchery fish to the coastal  striped  bass stock was
 estimated at 3%.  In the future,  the hatchery program will  be  used
 to estimate stock abundance by examining the ratio  between hatchery
 and wild caught juveniles.

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Enforcement:.-Program

     The  limited  striped  bass  fall;  ISSSI  recreational-  season
generated heavy  fishing activity. Increased: effort and aggressive
enforcement of striped bass regulations were  conducted by,Natural
Resources Police of ficers and  park rangers throughout, the Bayi area*
Natural   Resources   officers  inspected:  approximately |  277000
recreational  fishermen  and 14,000 fishing boats. Most violations-
were for fishing without  a license ,(33);, possession of undersized
fish  (22),  and. exceeding^ the-daily^r limit (l"Tr. Written warnings -
were  also  given  for untagged^  fish  (201)  and  no license in
possession  (30).                      ;                   :     _

     Enforcement of striped bass regulations during the-commercial:..
fishing season consisted of checking- boat and  shoreside fishermeny
dockside  boats,  and wholesale/retail;  establishments.Fishing
activity in,,Maryland  was  light except in the northern section of
the Bay.  Net" fishermen were  the major source  of  arrests: due to
illegal netsr non-attended nets and-nets  set with the intent to
catch  striped bass.  The tagging  system  allowed  the successful
tracking  of commercially caught  fish and- made it difficult-for
illegal activities. Virginia  is considering a  tagging system for
the commercial fishery to- helps alleviate—enforcement^ problems-;

Water Quality                                            ;

     The  jurisdictions  have  continued  to  support  water iquality
goals developed by the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement. Water quality
and habitat requirements  for  striped bass were defined  (Setzler-
Hamilton and  Hall  1991) .  Dissolved  oxygen of  at least 5 mgL"1  is
required for all life stages of striped bass.  Increasing dissolved
oxygen concentrations, especially in the upper Bay will increase
suitable summer habitat. Water quality improvements in spawning and
nursery areas need to be  continued.  Striped bass eggs an4  larvae
are  adversely  affected   by  low  pH and  high  concentrations of
aluminum,  cadmium,   and   copper.  Concentrations  of  suspended
particles should be  kept below 200  to  500  mgL"1.  Higher  levels
adversely affect larval feeding.                          .

     A critical  issue that must be addressed,  not just for striped
bass but  for all finfish and shellfish in the Bay,  is managing
population growth. The health and vitality of the Bay is directly
dependent on the management of the land that drains into it.  As the
population  has  increased,  land  use  has  intensified.  Balancing
growth with  living resource  protection  is important.  Failure to
address the situation will result in the weakening of Bay Program
water quality goals and continuing degradation of water quality in
the Bay.                                                  ,
                                8

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Conclusion

     The striped  bass- stock----in the  Chesapeake Ba;y_ and  along, the
coast  is rebuilding^ and current  fishing  rates  are  acceptable.
Monitoring and regulatory procedures for the 1991-1992 Chesapeake
Bay striped bass  fishery were  successful at keeping  harvest close
to. target goal s=. Fishery independent-monitor-ing indicates that age
structure has broadened and- spawning stock-biomass is increasing.


     Areas  that"  need" to- be- emphasized- during  1992. to  improve
management, of striped-bass  are:            ._ -  .

     1) Continue  the- quota  andT monitoring systems-.duri=ng
     the 1992-1993^recreational and  commercialy; fishery/ seasons ?

     27  Deverop  an improved" stripedr bassr^ stock  indicator  and
     trigger for ^management action;       ^  ::;..    ..-..

     3) Obtain molfe:^detailed:rnfbrmatibn onrcurrentr; and" historical,
     fishing rates; ^growth1) maturation^ and^ migration^ for
     assessing; spawning- stock  biomass.


References

Crecco, V.  1991.   Current  status  of Atlantic coast  striped bass.
     Connecticut Marine Fisheries Division, Waterford, Connecticut.
     15p.

Jones,  P.W.,  L.J.  Rugolo,  C.M.  Stagg,  and H.T.  Hornick.   1991.
     Maryland's  spring 1991 striped bass harvest and background
     fishing  losses.  Maryland Department  of Natural  Resources,
     Annapolis, Maryland. 21p.

Loesch, J.G. and  B.W.  Hill. 1991. Virginia  juvenile  striped bass
     seining program 1991  summary results.  Virginia  Institute of
     Marine Science. 4p.

Maryland Department of Natural Resources (MDNR).  1992. Maryland's
     fall 1991 striped bass harvest and background fishing losses.
     Annapolis, Maryland. 42p.

Potomac River  Fisheries Commission  (PRFC).   1992.    1991  Striped
     bass harvest report. Colonial,Beach, Virginia.  5p.

Rugolo,  L.J.  and   P.W.  Jones.     1989.     A recruitment-based
     interseason  harvest control model for  Chesapeake Bay striped
     bass.  Maryland Department of Natural  Resources,  Annapolis,
     Maryland. 3Op.

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Setzler-Hamilton,  E.K. and. L. ~ Hall,  Jr.    1991.   Striped  bass,
     Morone saxatilis.  In "Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake-Bay
     Living  Resources,"   S^t..  Eunderburk,  S.J.  Jordan,   J.A.
     Mihursky, an  D. Riley (eds)-  Chesapeake Research Consortium,
     Inc., Solomons, Maryland  13:1-31.                   ~-'<~'-'

Virginia  Marine Resources Commission  (VMRC).    1992.  Revievf of
     striped bass fisheries and monitoring programs in Virginia for
     1991. Fisheries Management  Division, Newport, News,, Virginia:.,..
                                                     "   '
                                10

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