LOWER EC
CREEK DUMP
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID985574227
EPA REGION 5
Wayne County
Wyandotte
Site Description
The Lower Ecorse Greek Site, originally called the North Drive Site, is located in a
residential area in Wyandotte, Michigan, on the south bank of the Ecorse River. In 1989, a
resident of the area reported to the Wayne County, Health Department (WCHD). that an
excavation for a new driveway had exposed blue-stained soils. WDHD analysis found high
concentrations of cyanide in the soils, and tentatively identified the blue material as ferric
ferrocyanide, or Prussian blue cyanide. The blue material also was seeping into the basement
of the home and was found in several' lots adjacent to the original site in the four hundred
block of North Drive. The site area is a former wetland that was filled in with waste material
for development purposes.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/18/94
Final Date: 03/31/95.
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with ferric ferrocyanide. Groundwater is potentially
contaminated with ferric ferrocyanide. Following the emergency cleanup actions,
the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) determined that
the site no longer poses a health threat.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two phases: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
1
February 1996
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focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In late 1989, the EPA covered the stained soil with clean
top soil. In August 1993, ATSDR issued a Public Health Advisory on the hazards
at the site after the capping proved to be ineffective. In late 1993, the EPA
excavated the stained soil for disposal off site and applied a sealant to the basement walls of
the house where the contamination was originally found. The EPA also made structural
repairs to the walls due to damage which may have been caused by the acidic nature of- the
waste. The same excavation and repairs were performed at a residence across the street
from the originally identified property. In 1993, EPA temporarily relocated the residents of
one home while the basement was being waterproofed. The resident returned to the home
and the properties were restored to their original conditions.
North Drive: In early 1994, the EPA began an extensive investigation of the
nature and extent of the contaminated North Drive area. This investigation,
scheduled to be completed in 1996, will help identify alternatives for final cleanup.
Environmental Progress
The emergency cleanup actions completed at the Lower Ecorse Creek Dump site have
reduced the health threat posed by the site while investigations leading to final cleanup
actions are underway.
Site Repository
Bacon Memorial Public Library, 45 Vinewood Avenue, Wyandotte, MI 48192
February 1996
LOWER ECORSE CREEK DUMP
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ADAM'S PLAT
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006522791
EPA REGION 5
Ingharn County
Lansing
Site Description
The 1-acre Adam's Plating site has been used for electroplating operations since 1964. Before
electroplating operations began, the site was used by a dry cleaning company. In the mid-,
1950s, an underground storage tank containing solvents was discovered to be leaking and was
removed. Wastewaters from the electroplating operations were discharged to the storm .
sewers until 1971, when the site was connected to the municipal sanitary sewers. Wastewaters
were discharged directly into the municipal sewers until the mid-1970s. Subsequently, .
wastewaters were collected, stored, and treated prior to discharge into the sewers.
Wastewaters, first, were stored on site in a partially buried tank, which was removed when it
was discovered to be leaking. Currently, wastewatef storage is in an underground storage
tank in the southwestern corner of the site. Evidence that a contaminant release may have
occurred first was observed in 1980. While removing a tree on a neighboring property, an old
tile drain was broken, and residents observed "green water" entering the hole. Later, this
"green water" flooded the basement of a nearby home and was pumped into the yard. This'
pumping system continued until the flooding problem was reported to the Ingham County
Health Department in 1981. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR):.- *
found high concentrations of chromium and trichloroethane (TCA) in the soil. The . '.
population density is approximately 1,800 people per square mile around the site and includes
residential, industrial and commercial properties.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89::...
Threats and Contaminants
The soil is contaminated with TCA, arsenic, and chromium. Inhalation of
, contaminated* subsurface soil particles or accidental ingestion of contaminated soil
pose a potential health threat.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA conducted an investigation to determine the nature and,...
extent of contamination. The investigation included the testing of groundwater
and soils. The final cleanup remedy was selected in 1993 and included excavation
and off-site disposal of approximately 4,700 cubic yards of contaminated .soils located around
the buildings at the site, and groundwater monitoring. The excavation portion of the cleanup
was completed in September 1994. Groundwater monitoring was initiated in 1994, and will
continue for a period of up to thirty years.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Adam's Plating site. All
construction at the site is complete. Groundwater monitoring will continue to ensure the
continued effectiveness of the cleanup.
Site Repository
Lansing Public Library, 401 South Capital Street, Lansing, MI 48933
Lansing Township Hall, 3209 West Michigan, Lansing, MI 48917
Febniaiy 1996
ADAM'S PLATING
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ALBION-SHERIDA1C
TOWNSHIP LAN
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980504450
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Calhoun County
1 mile east of Albion
From 1966 to 1981, the 21-acre Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill site accepted municipal
refuse and industrial wastes from the City of Albion and nearby Sheridan Township. According
to the owner, the landfill accepted 200 to 300 cubic yards of sludges from the Union Steel
Products plant prior to 1981. Tests conducted by the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources (MDNR) in 1984 and 1986 indicated that the sludges contain various heavy metal
contaminants. In 1986, the EPA found approximately 40 drums on the surface, some filled wilh
what appeared to be oil and grease wastes. The landfill is covered with sand and gravel, and ' "*
there are signs of burning. Some vegetation has grown on the cover. Approximately 13,500
people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site. The north
branch of the Kalamazoo River is 300 feet from the site. .
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions. . «
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with arsenic; iron, barium, and
manganese; Various organic chemicals and heavy metals are contained in the '
landfill. Possible health threats include direct contact with or accidental ingestion
of contaminated soils or groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1996
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1990, under EPA supervision, two potentially responsible
parties began sampling, overpacking, and disposing of leaking drums on the
landfill surface. About 30 drums have been removed. Additionally, the site -was
fenced to restrict access.
Entire Site: The EPA is conducting an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at the site and to recommend alternative methods for site
cleanup. The investigation began in 1991 and, in early 1995, a final cleanup
remedy was selected. The remedy includes installation of a landfill cap and groundwater
monitoring. Currently, the potentially responsible parties are designing the remedy. . '
Site Facts: A Unilateral Administrative Order was issued to four potentially responsible
parties in 1990 in which the parties agreed to perform site cleanup work.
Environmental Progress
Sampling, overpacking, and disposing of leaking drums as well as fencing the site have
reduced the potential of exposure to contaminants at the Albion-Sheridan Township Landfill
site while final cleanup activities are being designed. >
Site Repository
Albion Public Library, 501 S. Superior St., Albion, MI 49224
March 1996
ALBION-SHERIDAN TOWNSHIP LANDFILL
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ALLIED PAPER,JNC./
PORTAGE CR
KALAMAZOO
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006007306
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo and Allegan Counties
Kalamazoo
Other Names:
Allied Paper
Portage Creek
Site Description
The Allied Paper, Inc./Portage Creek/Kalamazoo River site entails extensive polychlorinated
biphenyl (PCB) contamination of the soil, sediments, water column, and biota at the Allied*
Paper, Inc. property, a 3-mile stretch of Portage Creek where the creek meets the
Kalamazoo River, and along a 35-mile stretch of the Kalamazoo River. This contamination is
a result of area paper mills recycling carbonless copy paper containing PCBs between 1957
and 1971. By 1986, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality had identified '
several PCB-contaminated areas along an 80-mile stretch of the Kalamazoo River between
Kalamazoo and Lake Michigan. The data clearly indicated that PCBs have migrated off site
(further downstream) and that upstream sources owned by the potentially responsible parties
are causing the ongoing contamination. Based upon this data, the Michigan Department of
Environmental Quality (MDEQ) has expanded the site study to include approximately 80
miles of river from Morrow Lake Dam to the mouth of the river of Lake Michigan. In
addition, the MDEQ is investigating five paper waste landfills that are owned or operated by
the potentially responsible parties.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
; Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties? actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 05/05/89
Final .Date: 08/30/90
Threats and Contaminants
Soil, sediments, surface water, groundwater, and fish are contaminated with PCBs.
Direct contact with, inhalation of, or ingestion of soils, sediments, surface water,
groundwater, or fish pose a health threat. The MDNR estimates that sediments
contain over 300,000 pounds of PCBs. The five uncontained paper water disposal
areas situated on the river banks contain millions of tons of PCB-contaminated^
paper residuals. The PCBs continue to migrate into the environment from these
areas due to erosion and surface runoff. The migration of PCBs is contributing to
' the ongoing contamination of the water column and biota both in and, adjacent to
the Kalamazoo River/Portage Creek and Lake Michigan. Annually since. 1977, the
Michigan Department of Public Health has issued an advisory warning people-
March 1996
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against eating fish from the Kalamazoo River because of PCB contamination.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in five stages: an initial action and five long-term remedial phases
focusing on the cleanup of Allied Paper/Bryant Mill Pond, Willow Boulevard/A-site, King
Highway Landfill, 12th Street Landfill, and the river.
Response Action Status
Initial Action: Under the direction of the EPA, highly contaminated areas of the
Allied Paper, Inc. property were fenced in late 1990 and early 1991 by the
potentially responsible parties. These areas and several others along the river
were posted with "No Entry - Hazardous Substances" signs.
Allied Paper/Bryant Mill Pond: The potentially responsible parties, under State
supervision, are currently conducting an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination.. At the conclusion of the investigation, scheduled for late
1997, cleanup alternatives will be examined and a final cleanup remedy will be selected.
Willow Boulevard/A-Site: The potentially responsible parties, under State '.
supervision, are currently conducting an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination at this subsite. The study is expected to be completed in
1997, at which time a remedy to clean up contamination will be selected.
King Highway Landfill: An investigation to determine the nature and extent of
contamination at the King Highway Landfill was completed in 1995. A remedy is
expected to be selected in 1996.
12th Street Landfill: The potentially responsible parties, under State
supervision, are currently conducting an investigation to determine the nature- and
extent of contamination at this subsite. A remedy is scheduled to be selected in
1997 following the completion of the investigation.
River: The potentially responsible parties, under State supervision, are currently
conducting an investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination
at this subsite. Once the investigation is completed^ a remedy to cleanup the
subsite will be selected. >
Site Facts: The State has identified three potentially responsible parties who have signed an
Administrative Order on Consent in which the parties agreed to fund and conduct the site
study. An extensive community involvement program exists at the site. The State has" .
established a Government Advisory Committee and a Citizens Advisory Committee that meet
bimonthly. Participants on the Citizens Advisory Committee include a local citizens group
that has received a Technical Assistance Grant (TAG) from EPA and 40 other interested
citizens. Progress reports and fact sheets are being sent to more than 600 citizens in an
March 1996
ALLIED PAPER,.INC./ PORTAGE
CREEK/KALAMAZOO RIVER
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effort to keep them apprised of the progress at the site.
Environmental Progress
The potential for exposure to hazardous materials has been reduced by fencing and posting
signs at known contaminated areas along the river while further cleanup actions are being
planned. -'-.,.
Site Repository
Kalamazoo Public Library, 315 South Rose Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
Comstock Township Library, 6130 King Highway, Comstock, MI
Waldo Library, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI
Otsego District Library, 219 South 'Farmer, Otsego, MI
Allegan Public Library, 180 South Sherwood, Megan, MI
Charles Ransom Library, 180 South Sherwood, Plainwell, MI
ALUEP PAPER, INC./ PORTAGE CREEK/
KALAMAZOO RIVER
March 1996
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AMERICAN
ANODCO5 INC
MICHIGAN
EPA!D#MID006029102
EPA REGION B
Ionia County
Ionia
Site Description
Since 1962, aluminum parts for the automotive industry have been cleaned on the 8-acre
American Anodco, Inc. site. In 1962, under an agreement with the State, process wastewaters
and spent chemicals from the site were discharged directly to the on-site seepage lagoon. The
waste streams contained heavy metals that leached from metal parts during the anodizing
process. In order to promote wastewater infiltration, lagoon sludge and sediments were
dredged in 1972 and 1978 and placed near the lagoon. In 1978, American Anodco received
approval from the State to continue discharging wastewater into the lagoon. The company
also disposed of process and cooling water in an unlined seepage lagoon. According to
analyses conducted by the EPA, the water placed in the lagoon contains nitric acid and
chromium. In 1986, American Anodco began to phase out the use of the seepage lagoon, and
in 1987, began discharging process wastewaters to a new public sewer system. Approximately
1,100 people reside within a mile of the area. The glacial drift aquifer underlying American
Anodco supplies public and private wells within a 3-mile radius; these wells serve over 10,000
people. Grand River, which is within 3 miles of the site, is used for fishing and recreation.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
m
Water samples collected from the lagoon by the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources (MDNR) in 1978 identified several contaminants including phosphorus
and heavy metals such as aluminum, chromium, copper, and lead. Because
contaminants have been removed from the. lagoons, direct contact with hazardous
materials is unlikely. Prairie Creek, which borders the site area on the east, joins
the Grand River 1 mile south of the site. Because the groundwater is
contaminated with arsenic, movement of contaminants to the creek is possible.'The
contamination plume does not reach any private wells.
January 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1987, American Anodco dewatered the lagoon, removed
the sludge, and disposed of it in an off-site landfill. The lagoon then was filled
with clean soil. v , . . . -
Entire Site: In 1987, the parties potentially responsible for site contamination
began an investigation to determine the extent and nature of groundwater and soil
, contamination beneath the former lagoon and to identify alternatives for site
cleanup. Four additional monitoring wells were installed by the potentially responsible parties
in 1992 to further characterize the groundwater conditions at the site. The investigation was
completed in 1993. The EPA issued a "no action" remedy because of low risk posed by the
arsenic levels in the groundwater. The remedy calls for continued groundwater monitoring to
ensure that arsenic levels do not rise.
Site Facts: An Administrative Order on Consent was signed by the potentially responsible
party in 1987 in which the party agreed to conduct an investigation of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The dewatering and removal of sludge from fee lagoon eliminated the potential for exposure
to contaminated materials at the American ^iodco, Inc. site. Additional monitoring will
continue to ensure that arsenic levels in the groundwater do not rise. No further cleanup
actions are planned.
Site Repository
Ionia Public Library, 126 East Main Street, loaa, MI 48846
Januaiy 1996
AMERICAN ANODCO, INC.
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ANDERSON
DEVELOPMEN
COMPANY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID002931228
EPA REGION 5
. Lenawee County
Adrian
Site Description
The Anderson Development Company (ADC) manufactures specially organic chemicals on a
12M-acre facility in Adrian and sells the products to other manufacturers. ADC produced the
chemical MBOCA from 1970 to 1979 under the trade name of Curene 442. MBOCA is used
as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins and is considered to -be a highly toxic
compound that can be absorbed through the skin. MBOCA was discharged to the
environment through surface water "and airborne routes. MBOCA contamination was found
in high concentrations in sludges in the pretreatinent lagoon and lower concentrations in
sediments and soil within a 2-mile radius of the ADC facility in 1979. In 1980 and 1981, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), ADC, and the Lenawee County'
Health Department conducted an extensive cleanup and monitoring program that included
sampling of nearby surface soil and home carpet vacuum dust testing. Approximately 25,000
people live within 3 miles of the site. '
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal, State, local, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The surface soil, lagoon sludge, and clay underlying the lagoon were contaminated
with MBOCA, a known carcinogen that can be absorbed through the skin. A 1990
investigation of the soil beyond the immediate lagoon area indicated that MBOCA
concentration levels no longer presented a threat to public health.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1981, Lenawee County Health Department and the MDNR
initiated a cleanup effort to aid local homeowners whose residences were
contaminated with MBOCA. This included cleaning up the interior and exterior
of homes in the Sunnyside area. Homes with private wells in the vicinity of ADC were
connected to the city's water supply system.
.-!''- .. . ~ '
Entire Site: Anderson Development Company, under EPA and MDNR oversight,
performed an investigation that assessed the nature-and extent of contamination,
identified the degree of contamination, and characterized potential risks to the
community. This investigation was completed in the spring of 1990, and the cleanup remedy
was selected in the fall of ,1990. The remedy recommended the use of in-situ vitrification
technologies to decontaminate soils at the site. An amendment to the remedy in 199i,
however, modified the remedy to test the effectiveness of low temperature thermal
desorption to clean up the soil. It;was determined that this technology was effective, and
treatment began in January 1992. Cleanup was completed in the fall of 1993.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup of residences, the provision of an alternate water supply, and final cleanup of
contaminated lagoons, soils, and sludges have eliminated the exposure to MBOCA^
'contaminated materials at the Anderson Development Company site. All cleanup goals have
been met. The EPA has begun the process of deleting-the site from the NPL.
Site Repository
Adrian City Library, 143 East Maumee Street, Adrian, MI 49221.
February 1996
ANDERSON DEVELOPMENT COMPANY
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AUTO ION
CHEMICALS, I
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794382
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo County
Kalamazoo
Site Description
Between 1963 and 1973, chromium plating wastes were treated at the 1 1/2-acre Auto Ion .
Chemicals, Inc. site. Liquid waste was stored in an open air lagoon and in five process-storage
tanks in an on-site building's basement. Approximately 122,000 gallons of liquid plating wastes
and sludges were stored in other various locations on site. During the plant's operation, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) documented numerous pollution
discharges to the soil, groundwater, and surface water of the adjacent Kalamazoo River. The
MDNR ceased operations at Auto Ion in 1973. Two city drinking water wells are located
within 2 miles of the site. The wells are part of,the Kalamazoo municipal system that provides
water to over 100,000 residents. However, municipal wells are not thought to be threatened
by contamination at the Auto Ion site. A residential area is located approximately 500 feet
north of the site. There are approximately 2,300 residents living within 1/2 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater was contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
vinyl chloride and the heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, lead, and nickel. Chromium,
nickel, chloride, and cyanide were detected in surface water and sediment samples
taken from the Kalamazoo River between 1964 and 1973. Soil was contaminated
with chromium, arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, cyanide and organic contamination
known as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Potential health risks
existed from accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater or inhalation; of soil
dust particles. ' '.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Under EPA oversight, the parties potentially responsible
for the contamination removed contaminants from the surface of the site in 1985.
An abandoned building was torn down in 1986, and the debris was removed.
Additionally, the entire site was fenced to prevent access to the contaminated soil and
groundwater.
Soil: In 1993, the potentially responsible parties, excavated approximately 24,000
tons of contaminated soil from the unsaturated zone at the site. All soil
excavation work was overseen by the EPA. This contaminated soil was taken to
licensed landfills in Ohio and Michigan. The site was then backfilled with clean soil.- The soil
excavation eliminated the risk of people coming into direct contact with the contaminated soil
and it removed the source of contamination of the underlying groundwater.
Groundwater: In 1988, the potentially responsible parties began an investigation
to determine the nature and extent of groundwater contamination. Investigations
determined that the groundwater posed no risk. Therefore, a remedy was selected
in the fall of 1994 that called for monitoring of groundwater to ensure contaminants remain
below federal safety levels. Deed restrictions were also placed on the property to prevent the
use of groundwater in the future.
Site Facts: In 1990, the EPA and 42 potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Decree
to perform the technical design and cleanup of soil. This soil cleanup was completed in 1993.
Environmental Progress
All construction at the site is complete. Removing contaminated soil and debris and fencing
the site have eliminated the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Auto Ion
Chemicals, Inc. site., . ,
Site Repository
Kalamazoo Public Library, 315 South Rose Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007
February 1996
AUTO ION CHEMICALS, INC.
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AVENUE "E"
GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINATI
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980791461
EPA REGION 5
Grand Traverse County
Traverse City
Other Names:
East Bay Township
Residential Wells
Site Description
The 435-acre Avenue "E" Groundwater Contamination site consists of two areas: the 115-
acre U.S. Coast Guard Air Station and a 320-acre area bordered on the north by the East
Arm of Grand Traverse Bay. In 1980, residents along Avenue "E" in East Bay Township
complained of odors and foaming of water drawn from domestic wells. Investigations by the
State indicated that wells were contaminated with organic substances. Additional
investigations indicated that the origin of the contamination was in the vicinity of the U.S.
Coast Guard Air Station, on land formerly owned and operated by the U.S. Navy. An" old
Navy waste dump, located to the east of the Coast Guard property, was suspected to be a
contributor to the problem. During the past 40 years, spills of fuels and solvents used during
aircraft maintenance at the facility may have leached through the soil and contaminated the
underlying groundwater. In 1969, aviation fuel from an underground storage tank was spilled
on site. Surface disposal of liquid organic chemicals reportedly occurred in the northeastern
comer of the station. An area north of the current Hangar and Administration Building may
have served in part as a waste oil pit. Drums of solvents and other chemicals were stored jn
an area near the northwestern corner of the building. Aircraft maintenance also was -'
conducted in this general area. This site is adjacent to Traverse City, which has a population
of approximately 16,000. Grand Traverse Bay is used as a water source for the Traverse-City
public water system. The Bay also is used for recreational activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY.
Proposed Date; 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86 '
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
phthalates. Soils are contaminated with the major components of jet fuel, mostly
VOCs and phthalates. The greatest public health threat is ingestion of or direct
contact with contaminated groundwater. Although most residences have been
connected to the public water system, a few homes may still be using private .wells.
Recreational use of East Bay poses a potential health risk. Soil excavations jn
highly-contaminated areas are a potential health concern for on-site workers, who
could be exposed to high concentrations of soil and airborne contaminants.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: aA immediate action and a long-term remedial
phase focusing on cleanup of the entire site. .
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1982, the U.S. Coast Guard extended public water lines
from Traverse City to residences affected by the contaminated groundwater.
Entire Site: In 1983, the U.S. Coast Guard completed its investigation into the,
nature and extent of contamination at the site. In 1985, the Coast Guard installed
two well fields to pump groundwater and to prevent further off-site contamination.
Following the treatment of contaminated groundwater, treated water is discharged to the
Traver.se City sanitary sewer system. This pump and treat system currently remains in
operation. Also in 1985, the Coast Guard began bioremediation of soils using microorganisms
to break down soil contaminants. The soil bioremediation system was first installed in 1987; a
third round of treatment began in 1990. In addition, pilot programs such as aerobic-
bioremediation and anaerobic-bioremediation of two plumes and soil vapor extraction have
been completed. The results from these pilot programs are being evaluated to determine the
most effective remedy for final site cleanup.
Site Facts: In 1985, the State and the U.S. Coast Guard signed a Consent Order in which
the U.S. Coast Guard agreed to study contamination at the site and to recommend cleanup
alternatives. A settlement agreement was reached between the State of Michigan and the
U.S. Coast Guard in 1987.
Environmental Progress
The extension of public water lines has reduced the potential of exposure to contaminated
drinking water and will continue to protect residents near the Avenue "E" Groundwater
Contamination site. The Coast Guard has taken steps to limit the further spread of
contamination and has initiated soil cleanup actions. These actions will continue until site
contamination has been reduced to safe levels. .
Site Repository '
Not yet established.
February 1996
AVENUE "E" GROUNDWATER
CONTAMINATION
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BARRELS, INC
MICHIGAN
EPA ID#MID017188673
EPA REGION 5
Ingham County
Lansing
Site Description -
From 1964 to 1981, Barrels, Inc. recycled drums on this 1 3/4-acre site. Waste residues were
allegedly dumped from drums directly onto the ground as an initial step in recycling drums.
The State detected lead and zinc in the shallow groundwater in 1983. Approximately 9,000
people live within 1 mile of the site. Three schools are located within 1/2 mile of the site. The
shallow and deeper aquifers provide drinking water to the 133,000 residents of the cities of
Lansing and Holt. The Grand River is located 1,800 feet from the site and is used for fishing.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/22/87
Final Date: 10/04/89 -'
Threats and Contaminants
Air is polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Groundwater is
contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including lead and zinc.
Potychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals including chromium and lead
are contaminating the soil. The greatest health threats to people stem from direct
contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated soils or groundwater. The
areas along the Grand River serve as a habitat for the endangered Indiana Bat.
January 1995
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions .and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: All drums, 1,000 cubic yards of. contaminated soil, and nine
underground storage tanks were removed and sent by the State to a federally-
approved disposal facility in 1986. The contents of one underground tank and two
tanks in the building have been pumped out by the State.
Entire Site: The EPA is planning to conduct an investigation into the nature and
extent of site contamination and to.identify final site cleanup technologies.
Environmental Progress
The excavation of drums and contaminated soil and the removal and draining of tanks have
reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Barrel; Inc. site while further
investigations are being planned. .....
Site Repository
Not established.
January 1995
BARRELS, INC.
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BENDIX
CORPORA
ALLIED AUTOM
MICHIGAN
EPA ID#MID005107222
REGION 5
Jerrien County '
St. Joseph
Site Description
Bendix Corporation/Allied Automotive manufactures automotive brake systems at this 36-
acre site. From 1966 to 1975, a seepage lagoon on site was used for the disposal of machine
shop process wastewater. Chlorinated organic solvents, wastewater from electroplating
operations, plating bath solutions, chromium, and lead may have been placed in the seepage
lagoon. The lagoon was closed and capped in 1978. A private well located 750 feet from the
site was closed in 1982 because of contamination. Approximately 4,300 people obtain drinking
water from private wells located within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potential^ responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with various volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
People may be at risk if they drink or come into direct contact with contaminated
groundwater; however, groundwater is not currently used as a source of drinking
water.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
ThaVsite is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Groundwater: The potentially responsible party, Bendix Corporation/Allied
Automotive, is conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of ,
groundwater contamination. The investigation is being cpnducted in two phases.
Phase 1 consists of groundwater, surface water, and sediment sampling and analysis. Phase 2
consists of a soil gas survey, soil sampling, and additional groundwater sampling and analysis
to' locate the source of contamination. The investigation has located two apparent hot spot
areas. One of these hot spots consists of shallow soil contamination. At the conclusion of the
investigation, scheduled for mid-1996, a final cleanup remedy will be selected.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA entered into an Administrative Order with Bendix
Corporation/Allied Automotive requiring the company to conduct an investigation of site
contamination. Allied Signal will seek to demonstrate a proprietary bioremediation technology
in the area under the auspices of the EPA's SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation) program.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Bendix Corporation/Allied
Automotive site while investigations continue and final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Maud Preston Polenski Memorial Library, 500 Market Street, St. Joseph, MI 49085
February 1996
BENDIX CORPORATION/
ALLIED AUTOMOTIVE
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BERUN &
MICHIGAN
EPAID#MID000605717
EPA REGION 5
Genesee County
31/2 miles south of Swartz Creek
Other Names:
Berlin and Farro Liquid Incinerator
Site Description
The 40-acre Berlin & Farro site was licensed to operate as an industrial liquid waste
incinerator from 1971 to 1975. During operations, liquid wastes were incinerated, stored in
open lagoons and underground tanks, and poured into an agricultural drain. Crushed and
empty drums were disposed of on Site in a landfill. In 1975, the State ordered the incinerator
to shut down due to a lack of emission controls and an open lagoon that posed a health
threat. Subsequently, the State ordered the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination to clean up the site. In 1978, the owners .submitted a work plan for site
cleanup to the State. Before filing for bankruptcy and abandoning the site in 1980, the.-
owners initiated some of the activities in the work plan. However, approximately 10,000
drums, five buried tanks, and four lagoons containing contaminated sludges were left on site.
The Berlin & Farro site is located in a rural area where residents depend on private wells for
their drinking water supply.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83 .;
Threats and Contaminants
Air is contaminated with pesticides. Groundwater and soil contain volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and potychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Surface water located
in Slocum Drain and Swartz Creek is contaminated with pesticides. PCBs and- paint
solvents are present in sludge. Residents could be exposed to site-related
contaminants through direct contact with contaminated surface water in Slocum
Drain and Swartz Creek. In addition, on-site workers could be exposed to "*
contaminants if they drink or come into direct contact with contaminated
groundwater; . .
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on source control and cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: A series of immediate actions began in 1981, when the
State removed and disposed of 15,300 cubic yards of sludges. The EPA
constructed a fence around the site, excavated and disposed of contaminated soils
and drums, and strengthened an earthen underflow dam to prevent contaminated runoff from
migrating off site. In 1982, the contents of four buried liquid storage tanks containing
pesticides were pumped out by the State and were re-buried, and sampling and analysis were
undertaken by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). In 1982, the EPA
installed a security fence and upgraded a siphon dam; removed 3,600 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and landfilled 4,000 barrels of flammable sludge; removed 1,919,195 pounds
of PCB-contaminated wastes and 11 tons of soil and sludge waste to an EPA-approved -
hazardous waste storage facility; dug trenches throughout the site to locate buried drums and
contaminated soil layers; located a total of 33 drums, which were sampled and combined for
disposal; and excavated an additional 120 cubic yards of contaminated soil and shipped it to a
storage facility. In 1983, the EPA opened drums, removed their contents, mixed them with
soil, and transported the mixture off site for disposal.
Source Control: The cleanup actions selected for source control included:'
excavating the existing drum landfill, paint sludge trench, agricultural drains, and
miscellaneous contaminated areas; separating PCB solid wastes from non-PCB
solid wastes and transporting these materials, to an off-site disposal facility; transporting PCB
liquid wastes to an off-site incinerator; pumping non-PCB liquid wastes from the drum landfill
and transporting the wastes to an off-site incinerator; and backfilling the areas with
uncontaminated soils and, if necessary, installing a temporary layer of soil over the excavated
areas. In 1984, the potentially responsible parties installed the equipment necessary to
complete these cleanup activities. The parties removed 75,000 tons of contaminated soil and
sludges and 10,745 tons of other waste. The landfill was excavated, and drums and
contaminated soils were removed. Once excavated, the deteriorated drums were crushed and
mixed with contaminated soils; Liquids from the drums then were drained into a sump,"-
pumped to a tanker truck, and transported off site. The North-South agricultural drain and
the paint sludge trench also were excavated. The excavated areas were backfilled with clean
soil, and the equipment was demobilized. f
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties conducted an investigation into
the nature and extent of remaining contamination at the site. Based on study
findings, the final cleanup remedy was selected in 1991 and includes on-site
landfilling of contaminated material with some potential solidification prior to landfilling and
treatment of contaminated groundwater through air stripping. Design activities by the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination were completed in late 1995. Cleanup activities
are scheduled for completion in 1996. .
February 1996
BERLIN & FARRO
-------
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed among the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination, tinder which they agreed to conduct cleanup activities at the site. A Consent
Decree for recovery of costs was lodged in February 1994. The agreement included a .
settlement with de minimis parties, who are small contributors of waste, either by volume or
toxicity.
Environmental Progress
The numerous cleanup actions, including the removal of contaminated soil, wastes, and
drums, have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Berlin. &
Farro site while remaining cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Perkins Library, 8095 Civic Drive, Swartz Creek, MI 48473
BERLIN & FARRO
February 1996
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BOFORS NOB
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006030373
INC.
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Muskegon
Other Names:
Bofors Lakeway Chemical, Inc.
Site Description
Lakeway Chemicals, later called Bofors-Nobel, began producing industrial chemicals at the
site in 1960. Throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, on-site lagoons were used for disposal of
sludge, wastewater, and various waste liquids. This practipe resulted in contamination of the
groundwater underneath the site and, consequently, Big Black Creek. In 1975, waste
materials overflowed one of the lagoons, resulting in a discharge to Big Black Creek. In
1976, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) placed various restrictions on
wastewater disposal from the site, and required Bofors-Nobel to install purge wells to
intercept contaminated groundwater before it reached the Creek. In 1987, Bofors-Nobel
filed for bankruptcy and sold a portion of the site to the current owner and operator, Lbmac,
Inc. From 1978 to 1994, Lomac operated a water treatment system that treated
contaminated groundwater according to an agreement .made with MDNR. Since September,
1994, contaminated groundwater has been treated at the groundwater treatment facility
constructed by U.S. EPA and MDNR. An estimated 6,400 people obtain drinking water from
priyate wells located within 3 miles of the site, and approximately 1,800 people live within a
1%-mile radius of this site. ..
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89. :-»
Threats and Contaminants
The most significant pathways for release of contaminants at the Bofors site are
through the air, groundwater, and surface water. Contaminants include: methylene
chloride, benzene, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB), aniline, azobenzene, and
benzidine. The principal risk posed to human health and the environment is. the
threat of contaminant migration from the sludges and soils,into the lacustrine
aquifer, a potential source of drinking water located directly under the site.
Contaminated groundwater, if discharged into Big Black Creek, poses a risk" from
ingestion of contaminated creek water. There is also a threat from inhalation of
volatilized contaminants from the sludges and soils.
1
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of lagoons
and groundwater, and soils located around and underneath the operating facility.
Response Action Status :
Lagoons and Groundwater: In 1992, EPA selected a final cleanup remedy that
includes the construction of a groundwater treatment facility and an on-site
landfill. Design and construction of the groundwater treatment facility are
complete, and the facility is currently operating. Design of the on-site landfill is complete and
construction is scheduled to begin in mid-1996.
Operating Facility Soils: In 1990, MDNR began an investigation into the
nature and extent of soil contamination located around and underneath the
operating facility. Upon completion of the investigation, scheduled for 1996, a final
cleanup remedy will be selected.
Environmental Progress
The treatment of groundwater continues to ensure that pollutants are not spreading to wells
or the nearby creek while further investigations are underway.
Site Repository
Muskegon County Library, Egelston Township Branch, 5384 Apple Avenue,
Muskegon, MI 49440
February 1996
BOFORS NOBEL, INC.
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BURROW
SANITATIO
MICHIGAN
EPA!D#MID980410617
EPA REGION 5
Van Buren County
northeast of Hartford
Site Description
From 1970 to 1977, the 15-acre Burrows Sanitation site was used for the disposal of plating
sludges, waste coolants, and oils. Wastes were dumped into six unlined lagoons, onto an area
of the site known as the "Cyanide Trail," and at two other spill areas on the site. The lagoons
have overflowed during heavy rains. Groundwater samples have shown contamination;
however, private water wells are not contaminated. In 1984, the Burrows Group, a group
consisting of the owners and three firms that disposed of wastes at the site, excavated
contaminated soils and sludges from the four disposal areas. Orchards are located within the
site boundaries, and'raspberries, mushrooms, and flowers grow wild on the property. Two
wetland areas are located on the edges of the site. These areas are interconnected and-are
drained by the Doyle Drain, a canal that flows along the edge of the site. A berm is located
to the north of the disposal area to prevent site runoff from directly entering Doyle Drain,
which enters the Paw Paw River 3/4 mile from the site. The river is used for sport fishing.
Approximately 150 people live within ' ., ;
a 3/4-mile radius of the site and obtain water from private wells. " ."
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and sediments were contaminated with heavy metals
such as chromium, lead, and nickel. Soils also contained these contaminants before
cleanup occurred. The lagoons contained several volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Health threats to people .who trespassed onto the site stemmed from
direct contact with or accidental ingestion of contaminated groundwater,
sediments, and surface water. Wetland areas also may have been threatened by
site contamination.
February 1995
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status :
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the Burrows Group, under EPA supervision,
excavated 8,600 cubic yards of waste sludges and contaminated soils from four
waste disposal areas on site. The wastes were transported to a federally-approved
facility. In addition, a fence was constructed and warning signs were posted to prevent access
to the site.
Entire Site: In 1986, the EPA selected a final cleanup remedy that included
removing the remaining contaminated soils, lowering the surface water level in the
northwest wetland, and extracting, treating, and discharging groundwater. By 1989,
the removal of contaminated soils and sediments and drainage of the northwest wetland were
completed. Construction of a groundwater extraction system was completed in 1991. As "of
December 1993, cleanup standards for groundwater had been met.
Site Facts: In 1984, the EPA issued an Administrative Order, requiring the parties
potentially responsible for site contamination to clean up the site. In 1989, Du-Wel-Products,
Inc. entered into a Consent Decree with the EPA that required the party to conduct.a
groundwater investigation and, if necessary, cleanup the contaminated groundwater.
Environmental Progress
All construction at the site is complete. The removal of sludges, soils, and sediments and the
treatment of groundwater have eliminated threats to people and the environment at the
Burrows Sanitation site. . .
Site Repository
Hartford Public Library, 15 Franklin Street, Hartford, MI 49057
February 1995
BURROWS SANITATION
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BUTTERWORT^ #2
LANDFILL ^
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID062222997
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Grand Rapids
Other Names:
Grand Rapids City Landfill
Grand Rapids Gypsum Company (SIA)
Site Description
The Butterworth ^2 Landfill site covers 185 acres in Grand Rapids. The City of Grand t
Rapids owned and operated the landfill as an open dump from the 1950s until 1967. The site
was operated as a sanitary landfill from 1967 to 1973, when the State closed it for improper
operations. The landfill received municipal, solid^ and industrial wastes including plating
waste, paint waste, and organic solvents. Much of the industrial waste was buried in 55-
gallon drums or dumped in liquid form on the site's surface. In 1982, the EPA sampled the
groundwater and found it to be contaminated with organic and inorganic chemicals.
Approximately 1,300 people live within % mile of the landfill. The closest residence is
approximately 200 yards away. The landfill is bordered by 1-196, a bottling plant, a bread
factory, and the Grand River. Residences in the area are connected to the Grand Rapids
municipal water system, which draws primarily from Lake Michigan, and, on occasion, from
an intake on the Grand River upstream from the landfill. The river is used for recreational
activities. Groundwater drains from the landfill into the river immediately downstream from a
State-owned public access site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82-
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
benzene and vinyl chloride, and the heavy metals iron, manganese, silver, and lead.
Soils are-contaminated with potychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, .pyrene,
chrysene, and heavy metals including chromium and cadmium. Because all the
residences in the vicinity of the landfill are connected to a public water supply
system, there is little chance that people will drink or come into direct contact with
contaminated groundwater. People who trespass onto the site and have direct
contact with or accidentally ingest the contaminated soil may be at risk.
Contaminants may be leaching into the Grand River. If the pollutants.
bioaecumulate in fish, the fish may pose a health hazard to those who eat them.
'February 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1989, the EPA found a "hot spot" of PCB contamination
in the landfill. The potentially responsible parties excavated approximately 1,100
cubic yards of PCB-contaminated soil. A 6-foot-high chain-link fence was installed
to prevent access to the site. During sampling, other highly contaminated areas were found.
The potentially responsible parties excavated soil from these hot spots and transported -the
waste to a federally-approved facility. v .
Entire Site: In ,1992, the potentially responsible parties completed an
investigation into the nature and extent of site contamination. A final cleanup
remedy was selected that includes: upgrading the existing landfill cap to meet
established standards; establishing Alternate Concentration Limits (ACLs) for groundwater;
and monitoring groundwater, river water, and river sediments. Design of the selected cleanup
remedy is scheduled for completion in the fall of 1996.
Site Facts: In 1986, the EPA, the City of Grand Rapids, General Motors Corporation,
Wickes Manufacturing Company, Michigan Waste Systems, Inc., and Organic Chemicals, Inc.
entered into a Consent Decree to conduct contamination studies at the site. In 1993, an
Administrative Order on Consent was issued by the EPA to the potentially responsible parties
for them to complete design of the selected cleanup remedies.
Environmental Progress
The excavation of PCB-contaminated soil and the installation of a fence around the site have
reduced site risks while design of the final cleanup remedy is underway.
Site Repository
Grand Rapids Public Library, West Side Branch, 713 Bridge Street, N.W.,
Grand Rapids, MI 49504
Grand Rapids Public Library Main Library, 60 Library Plaza, N.E., Grand Rapids, MI
February 1995
BUTTERWORTH #2 LANDFILL
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CANNELTO
INDUSTRIES
MICHIGAN
EPA iD# MID98Q678627
EPA REGION 5
Chippewa County
Sauft Sainte Marie
Other Names:
Northwestern Leather
Site Description
The Cannelton Industries, Inc. site covers 75-acres along the St. Mary's River in Sault Sainte
Marie. From 1900 to 1958, the Northwestern Leather Company operated a tannery at the
site and processed animal hides. Waste materials from the tannery operations were
discharged through three drains to a low-lying shoreline area. Barrels and general wastes
were burned and disposed of along the river. Between 1955 and 1958, the Fiborn Limestone
Company, a subsidiary of Algoma Steel Corp., bought ^he property with the intention of
constructing a manufacturing plant. In the fall of 1958, a fire damaged many of the tannery's
buildings, nearly all of which have since been torn down by Algoma. The site has been unused
since the tannery burned in 1958. It is presently vacant. In 1964, the property was transferred
to Cannelton Industries, another Algoma subsidiary. In 1978, the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources sampled St. Mary's River and found it, as well as soil and groundwater, to
be contaminated with heavy metals. In 1988, the City fire department became concerned over
recurrent fires in a 1- to 2-acre area at the site. The EPA assisted with efforts to reduce the
fire potential. Approximately 1,200 people obtain drinking water from private wells located
within 3 miles of the site, with the nearest well approximately 1 mile away. Sault Sainte -«
Marie, Ontario, draws drinking water from the St. Mary's River about 2 miles downstream^) f
the old tannery disposal site. A portion of the site is located within the 100-year flood plain of
the St. Mary's River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY.
Proposed Date: 06/24/88 ;
Final Date: 08/30/90 J
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwate,r, soils, and sediments in the St. Mary's River are contaminated with
heavy metals including chromium, lead, manganese, arsenic, and iron. Sediments
and soils also contain copper and mercury. Some chromium was detected in the
St. Mary's River. Trespassers coming into direct contact with site soils or wastes
may be at risk. People who use the St. Mary's River for recreational activities may
be exposed to contaminants. If pollutants bioaccumulate in fish, they may pose a
health hazard if eaten. Bald eagles, which feed and nest near the site, may come
into direct contact with hazardous substances.
February 1996
-------
Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In 1988, the EPA excavated five trenches to disperse heat build-
up and reduce gas accumulation in order to decrease the potential for additional
fires. Algoma constructed a chain-link fence to limit access to a 1- to 2-acre
portion of the site. In 1989, Algoma installed a sprinkler system to prevent dry conditions
from contributing to fires. Under an order from the EPA, Algoma constructed a stone wall
along part of the shoreline of the site to prevent wave and ice action from eroding the site.
The EPA completed further stabilization and security actions during the fall of 1991, "
including fencing a larger area of the site, repairing existing fences, and further stabilizing the
shoreline area.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA began an investigation into the nature and,extent
of site contamination. Various cleanup alternatives were evaluated-and a final
cleanup remedy was selected in the fall of 1992. The selected remedy cpnsists of
the removal of contaminated debris, waste, soils and sediments, and disposal in a new on-site
landfill. Design of the remedy was initiated by the potentially responsible party in 1993y and
is expected to be completed in late 1996. '
Environmental Progress
Construction of. a wall to prevent erosion of a portion of the shoreline, reducing the potential
for additional fires, and constructing a security fence to restrict access to part of the site has
reduced the possibility of people coming into direct contact with hazardous materials on the
Cannelton Industries, Inc. site while design of the final remedy is underway.
Site Repository
Gayliss Public library, 541 Library Drive, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783
February 1996
CANNELTON INDUSTRIES, INC.
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CARTER
INDUSTRIAL
MICHIGAN
EPAID#.MID980274179
EPA REGION 5
Wayne County
Detroit
Other Names:
Carter Salvage Corporation
Site Description
The Carter Industrials, Inc. site is a former industrial scrap metal yard covering approximately
3 1/2 acres in Detroit. From 1971 to 1986, the metal salvaging operation handled a wide
variety of materials that included electrical transformers and capacitors containing
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated oil. Oil was drained from the transformers, and
the copper component was removed for onrsite processing. The facilities included furnaces for
melting aluminum and copper, a brick warehouse, and an office building. Numerous piles of
scrap metal and equipment were lying uncovered throughout the yard. In 1984, a fire broke
out in an area of wooden pallets and scrap iron mounds. During a subsequent investigation
by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MNDR) and the City fire marshall" oil
was found near the fire area and near the base of three large transformers. The soil was
sampled and found to contain PCBs. During a subsequent investigation in 1986, the State
found barrels of used PCB-contaminated oil in and around scrap metal piles. Oil leaking from
the barrels contained as much as 50 percent PCBs. Additional sampling found that the
contamination had spread into the backyards of neighboring residences, the sewer leaving the
site, and the sewer outfall of the Detroit River. The area surrounding the scrap yard is xflrban,
with 34,000 people living within 1 mile of the site. Three schools, seven churches, a
playground, and a post office are located within 1/2 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88 .
Final Date: 03/31/89
February 1996
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Sediments in the sewer lines and on-site soils are contaminated with PCBs and,
heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, and lead. People who trespass on the.
site may be exposed to PCBs through direct contact with or ingestion of
contaminated soils or sediments. Cleanup activities, such as repaying streets" and
vacuuming yards and alleys, have reduced the public health threat in the residential
areas. There is a possibility that PGBs may bioaccumulate in fish in the Detroit
River and pose adverse health effects if the fish are eaten.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: Beginning in 1986, the EPA excavated the off-site .
contaminated soil and cleaned the streets and alleys with a pressure sprayer and
steel-wire brushes. Alleys and streets that could not be cleaned by the pressure
sprayer were repaved with 2 feet of asphalt. Approximately 10,000 cubic yards of soil were
removed from backyards, parkways, and vacant lots surrounding the facility. The excavated
soil was stored on site. During excavation, some residents were temporarily relocated. A
system was installed to control drainage and to treat the collected runoff. In addition, the site
was fenced to prevent, access. In 1988, the EPA overpacked, or placed in sturdy containers,
several hundred capacitors leaking PCBs and 30 to 40 drums containing PCB-contamiriated
oil. Approximately 600 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated debris, the capacitors, and
transformers were disposed of at federally-approved facilities. Approximately 45 tons of scrap
metal were decontaminated and removed by a local salvage company. The EPA also repaired
and upgraded the fence, which had been damaged by vandals. In 1989, the potentially
responsible parties were ordered by the EPA to undertake interim safety measures at the site.
These activities involved posting 24-hour security guards at the site; laying a geotextile.cover
over the waste piles to prevent rainwate'r from coming into contact with buried wastes;
hydroseeding the site; and maintaining the runoff collection and treatment system, as well as
all utilities and services at the site. The parties have seeded and covered the site with a
geotextile material.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began an investigation into the nature and extent
of soil contamination at the site. In 1991, a final cleanup remedy was selected that
involves concentrating the PCBs through low-temperature thermal desorption;
transporting the condensed PCB material for off-site incineration; and disposing of the
residuals resulting from the treatment of soil in an on-site containment solid waste cell. In
early 1995, the EPA amended the remedy from pn-site treatment to off-site disposal of
contaminated materials to protect residents from potential emissions from an on-site .
treatment system, and to aid in future land development by not leaving behind treatment
February 1996
CARTER INDUSTRIALS, INC.
-------
system residual. Design of the remedy was completed in mid-1995. Cleanup activities began in
late 1995 and are scheduled for completion in 1996.
Site Facts: In 1989, the EPA issued an Administrative Order to several parties potentially
responsible for site contamination, requiring them to undertake interim cleanup, measures.
The State conducted a neighborhood blood testing program to determine if people had been
exposed to PCBs. Results from the 21 residents living in nine homes next to Garter
Industrials indicated that the residents had not absorbed any more PCBs than the amount.
normally found in the population of the State of Michigan. A Consent Decree was entered
in court on June 1993, which required the potentially responsible parties to design the
selected remedy and clean up the site. In early 1995, the potentially responsible parties
successfully petitioned the EPA to amend the final cleanup decision. The EPA, in conjunction
with the MDNR, evaluated the petition and made the changes to the cleanup decision."
Under the, amended ROD, all contaminated soil is to be taken to federally-regulated landfills.
The parties have voluntarily agreed to propose a cleanup plan for a sewer line; however,
these parties have not yet agreed to undertake the sewer cleanup. .
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil, fencing the area, and repaving streets and alleyways in the
area of the site have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous substances at the
Carter Industrials, Inc. site while final cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Main Library, Reference Department, Detroit Public Library System, 5201 Woodward- -
Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202 :
Core City Neighborhood Community Center, 3301 23rd Street, Detroit, MI 48208
CARTER INDUSTRIALS, INC.
February 1996
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CEMETER
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID98079l8|3
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
Rose Township
Rose Center
Other Names:
Rose Township Cemetery Dump
Site Description
The 4-acre Cemetery Dump site, once used as a sand and gravel pit, has been backfilled and
cleared. Approximately 300 to 600 barrels containing unknown industrial wastes were "believed
to be illegally dumped and buried on site in the late 1960s or early 1970s. In 1981, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) excavated a test pit and removed 20 to
30 drum fragments from the site. The fragments were taken to a federally-approved facility.
Analysis of the barrel contents indicated the presence of paint sludges, solvents,
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and oils. Approximately 4,400 people live within 3 miles of
the site. The closest residence is located 300 feet away. All the residences in the area use
domestic wells for drinking water.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83 '
Deletion Date: 04/19/95
Threats and Contaminants
On-site drum fragments, soil and groundwater contained volatile organic; ..
compounds (VOCs), PCBs, and heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium, and lead.
People who came into direct contact with or accidentally ingested contaminated
soil or drum contents may have been at risk.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Source Control: In 1985, the State selected a remedy to control the source of
the contamination by excavating approximately 250 drums and drum fragments and
10,000 yd3 of contaminated soils. These drums were disposed of at a federally-
approved facility. A fence was installed in 1988 to limit public access. The State completed
the cleanup activities in 1989. ' .
- Entire Site: In 1989, the State, after extensive sampling and analysis, determined
that the removal of the source of contamination had corrected the soil and
groundwater contamination; therefore, no further actions were required. The State
monitored the groundwater for 5 years after completion of the cleanup activities to ensure
there were no further health threats to the public or the environment. No contaminants
were detected in the groundwater sampled. 1 .
Environmental Progress
The removal of drums and contaminated soils from the site have eliminated the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Cemetery Dump site. Groundwater monitoring has
shown no residual contamination. The State and the EPA determined that the cleanup
actions taken at the site have eliminated potential health threats to the public and the^
environment. In 1994, the EPA initiated the process to delete the site from the NPL. The
site was deleted from the NPL in April 1995.
Site Repository
Holly Township Library, 1116 North Saginaw Street, Holly, MI 48442
February 1996 ,
CEMETERY DUMP
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I^-^J^&«2>
EPA REGION 5
Charlevoix County
Charlevoix
CHARLEV
MUNICIPAL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794390
Site Description
The Charlevoix Municipal Well site is located on the shore of Lake Michigan and consisted
of a municipal well system made up of a shallow well connected to a horizontal flume bilried
beneath the beach of Lake Michigan. This well is no longer in use. The flume collected
groundwater and channeled it into the well, where it was then pumped to the distribution
system. Approximately half of the water entering the system came from Lake Michigan and
half from shallow groundwater sources. In 1981, the City of Charlevoix was notified by the
Michigan Department of Public Health that its water system was contaminated. The City
subsequently installed four monitoring wells near its municipal well with the assistance of the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR). The EPA became involved with the
site in 1982, when it installed nine groundwater monitoring wells throughout the city. In 1982
and 1983, the MDNR conducted several soil boring studies to locate the source of
contamination and concluded that part of the contamination may have originated on a local
school property. The City installed a system to introduce oxygen into the municipal supply in
1982; however, this aeration system was only partially effective in removing contaminants
from the water. This problem was subsequently solved. To date, the source of contamination
of the City's water system has not been fully identified despite investigations conducted by the
EPA and the MDNR. It is likely that there is no current source of contamination but that
groundwater was contaminated by one or more spills or by a source that was later removed.
The off-season population of 3,500 in Charlevoix increases to approximately 10,000 people
during the summer months.
Site Responsibility: This she was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL UST1NG HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Deletion Date: 12/02/93.-'
February 1995
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil were contaminated with various volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). All area residents are connected to the municipal water supply.
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: The. EPA constructed a new water intake system and filtration
plant using water from Lake Michigan as its source. A buried intake pipe was
constructed that connects to the existing City pumphouse. A chlorine diffuser,
anchored inside and running the entire length of the intake pipe, disinfects the water. The
EPA built a water filtration treatment plant in 1985. The plant became operational in 1987.
The intake system and water treatment plant successfully provide safe drinking water.
Entire Site: In 1985, after completing an extensive investigation of site
contamination, the EPA selected the following cleanup remedies: allowing the
contaminant plumes to dilute through natural flow conditions to Lake Michigan;
continuing long-term monitoring of the plumes during the natural purging period; and
imposing restrictions on the installation of private wells to be enforced by local health
officials. The implementation of the selected remedies was completed in 1989. To solve" a
problem caused by blockage of water intake by drifting lake sand, the EPA and the State
added additional intake piping to improve the water capacity.
Environmental Progress
By providing an alternate water supply, the EPA eliminated the potential of exposure to
contaminated drinking water. The restrictions on the installation of private wells and long-
term monitoring will continue to protect residents living near the Charlevoix Municipal Well
site. This site was deleted from the NPL in December 1993.,
Site Repository
Charlevoix Public Library, 109 Clinroa Street, Charlevoix, MI 49720
February 1995
CHARLEVOIX MUNICIPAL.WELL
-------
CHEM CEN
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980477073
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Wyoming Tbwnship
Wyoming
Other Names:
Wolverine Chemical
Since 1957, Chem Central has distributed industrial chemicals from this 2-acre site in
Wyoming. Between 1957 and 1962, hazardous wastes entered the ground at the facility
through a construction flaw in a pipe used to transfer liquids between rail cars and bulk
storage tanks. The flaw was repaired after losses were noted in chemical inventories. In 1977,
the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) found toxic contaminants in
sediments in a ditch located 1,000 feet from the site. The State dammed the ditch and
restricted access by fencing and posting signs; The EPA excavated sludge from the ditch in
1978 and, with State assistance, continued to sample soil and groundwater that seeped into a
pit. A 1984 State court order required Chem Central to clean up the groundwater and
remove contaminated soils from the ditch. Approximately 15,000 people live within 1 mile of
the site. All residences are connected to the Grand Rapids municipal water supply, which
draws water from Lake Michigan and the Grand River. Surface water runoff from the site
drains into Cole Drain, which also drains other industrial sites nearby. Cole Drain flows into
Plaster Creek, which is located 1/2 mile north of the site.
Site Responsibility: "This site "is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
m
Groundwater contains various volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs
and SVOCs). Soil is contaminated with phthalates, VOCs, and polychlorinated*
biphenyls (PCBs). Plaster Creek receives runoff from the site through Cole Drain.
Because all residences in the area use the municipal water system, the only threat
of exposure is through accidentally ingesting contaminated groundwater or by
coming into direct contact with contaminated on-site soils.
March 1996
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site. ' -
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, Chem Central designed and constructed a purge
well and underdrain system to capture contaminants seeping into the groundwater
that originated from on site. The company also constructed an air stripping system
to treat the extracted groundwater for discharge into the municipal wastewater treatment
system. A vapor phase carbon adsorption system treats the off-gases from the air stripping
system. In addition, Chem Central excavated, removed, and disposed of contaminated soil
and water from the ditch in a federally-approved facility. While the soil and water were being
removed, a guard was posted in the area and a fence was constructed to limit site access. The
empty pit was rilled with clean soil. These cleanup activities were completed in 1985.
Entire Site: In 1987, Chem Central, under EPA oversight, began an investigation
to determine the extent of groundwater and surface water contamination "and to
determine if any soil contamination remained. The study was completed in 1991
and a final cleanup remedy was selected. The remedy includes constructing a soil vapor
extraction system to treat contaminated soil; extending the current groundwater pump and
treat system; and collecting oil floating in the purge wells and disposing of the collected oil off
site. The design of the remedy began in mid-1992 and was completed in 1995. Construction
of the remedy has been completed; however, Chemical Central is currently considering.""
changes to the selected groundwater cleanup. This may result in an extension to the *
groundwater collection trench. . /
Site Facts: In. 1987, the EPA and Chem Central signed an Administrative Order on Consent
under which the company agreed to investigate and clean up the site. The EPA issued a
Unilateral Administrative Order to Chem Central iri April 1992 requiring the company to
conduct the design and cleanup activities at the site.
Environmental Progress
All construction of the planned remedies at this site is complete. The immediate actions
contained most of the contaminated groundwater underlying the site and removed the threat
of direct contact with the contaminated' sediments and water in the ditch. These actions have
reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Chem Central site while soil
and groundwater treatment continue. . . '
March 1996
CHEM CENTRAL
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Site Repository
Wyoming Public Library, 3350 Michael Street, Southwest, Wyoming, MI 49509
CHEM CENTRAL
March 1996
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CLARE WATERj
SUPPLY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980002273
EPA REGION 5
- Clare County
Clare
Other Names:
re Municipal Well Field
Site Description
The Clare Wafer Supply site consists of four municipal production wells (Wells #2, #5, #6,
and #7) and their related water treatment and storage facilities. Two of the four wells are
contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Pumping from Well #5 was limited in
1982, and the city water supply has since been provided mainly by the blending of water from
Wells #2 and #5 with the uncontaminated water from Well #6. The city uses an aeration
system to remove iron from the water supply, which also results in vaporizing the
contaminants in the other two wells. An industrial area bordering the site is believed to be
the source of much of the contamination. Fourteen manufacturing and retail businesses
operate in the area around the municipal well field. Historical operations at some of these
businesses involved the use of solvents or degreasers. Approximately 3,300 people live within
3 miles of the site. The nearest residence is located less than % mile from the site.;
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, local and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with bromoform and VOCs including .vinyl
chloride, trichloroethone, dichlorethene, and dichloroethane. Sediment samples
from a nearby drainage ditch contain VOCs. Potential health threats to people
include ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwatef,
surface water, or sediments. . ..-.-*
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the.
entire site and the source areas and aquifer.
March 1996
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected an interim cleanup remedy that included
installing an air stripper to treat the water from Wells #2 and #5. The air stripper
was completed in early 1991. The Michigan Department of Public Health
(MDPH) will continue to test the municipal water supply on a regular basis to ensure, that it
remains safe for use.
Source Areas and Aquifer: The potentially responsible parties, under EPA-
oversight, conducted an investigation of the source areas and the contaminated
aquifer. The EPA evaluated the study's findings and selected a final cleanup
remedy in 1992. The remedy includes soil vapor extraction and groundwater extraction and
treatment. The soils portion of the remedy is being re-evaluated at this time because pre-
design studies revealed that soil vapor extraction would not work as well as had been
expected. Consequently, the design and construction of a soils remedy will take place once
the EPA makes a decision whether to amend the selected remedy for soil. Design of the
final cleanup remedy for the groundwater extraction and treatment was completed in late-
1995. Cleanup activities began in early 1996. . " '
Site Facts: In 1985, four companies located west of the well field were identified by the
EPA and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources as being potentially responsible for
the groundwater contamination. In 1985, the EPA and several potentially responsible parties
entered into an Administrative Order on Consent that required the parties, under EPA and
State supervision, to investigate site contamination. In 1991, a Unilateral Administrative
Order (UAO) was issued that required the parties to install air strippers on the contaminated
wells. In 1993, a UAO was issued in which the parties agreed to perform the site cleanup.-
The PRPs are currently working under the 1993 UAO, which may have to be modified if the
EPA amends the selected cleanup remedy to a soil treatment remedy other than soil vapor
extraction.
Environmental Progress
The municipal water supply is now protected by an air stripping water treatment system. The
water treatment system has reduced exposure to hazardous substances at the Clare Water
Supply site while final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Garfield Memorial Library, 4th and McEwan Streets, Clare, MI 48617
March 1996
CLARE WATER SUPPLY
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CLIFF/DOW DU
MICHIGAN
EPA ID#- MID980608970
EPA REGION 5
Marquetfe County
1 mile north of Marquette
Site Description
The 2-acre Cliff/Dow Dump site is an abandoned waste disposal area. Between 1954 and the
early 1960s, the site was used for the disposal of waste materials generated by a nearby .
charcoal manufacturing facility. Wood tars generated during the production process were
burned at the plant, although some of the tar solids were disposed of at the site. The City of
Marquette has a population of 23,000. Four residences are located within ^ mile of the site.
The Dead River, located 2,000 feet southeast of the site, is considered a good sport fishing
area. The City of Marquette obtains its drinking water from Lake Superior.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions!
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83-
Threats and Contaminants
Off-site groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
phenols. The surface soil in the landfill area contained elevated levels of VOCs,
phenols, and potyaromatic, hydrocarbons (PAHs). Direct contact with or accidental
ingestion of contaminated soil could have posed health risks. People who come
into direct contact with or ingest contaminated groundwater could be at risk.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Immediate Action: In 1984, the parties potentially responsible for site
contamination installed a fence around the site to restrict access.
Entire Site: In 1984, the potentially responsible parties began an investigation
into the nature and extent of site contamination. The EPA evaluated the study's
findings and in 1989 selected the following cleanup remedies: excavation and
incineration of 200 cubic yards of uncovered tar; excavation and biological treatment of.9,200
cubic yards of contaminated fill material; construction of a topsoil cover and revegetation of
the fill material; deed restrictions to prevent the installation of drinking water wells within the
vicinity of the contaminated groundwater boundaries and the disturbance of fill materials; and
groundwater and air monitoring. In the summer of 1990, the potentially responsible parties
excavated and incinerated 200 cubic yards of tar. Design of the groundwater pump and
treatment system was completed in mid-1995. Construction activities at the_site were
completed in the fall of 1995.
Site Facts: In 1984, the potentially responsible parties signed a Consent Order agreeing to
investigate the nature and extent of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
All construction at the site is complete. The installation of a fence and the excavation, and
incineration of tar have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the
Cliff/Dow Dump site while groundwater cleanup continues.
Site Repository
Peter White Public Library, 217 North Front Street, Marquette, MI 49855
February 1996
CUFF/DOW DUMP
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DUELL & I
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID980504716
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Datton Township
Site Description
The 40-acre Duell & Gardner Landfill site was an operating municipal landfill from the 1940s
to 1975. Before 1969, industrial waste and general refuse were accepted at the site. From
1969 to 1973, the landfill was operated as a licensed solid waste disposal facility. Specific
areas were excavated and waste was placed in unlined trenches. In 1971, the Michigan
Department of Public Health (MDPH) stipulated that no liquid waste was to be disposed of
in the landfill; however, in 1973, the Muskegon County Health Department noticed that
liquid waste disposal was still occurring. The landfill ceased operations in 1975. Wastes
apparently were deposited on the soil surface and in surface depressions. Materials found on
the site included approximately 500 drums in various stages of deterioration, hundreds of
laboratory bottles, areas of refuse and debris, and piles of unidentified sludge-like material.
Approximately 1,200 people live within a 2-mile radius of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
, Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83 -
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,
aniline, and N,N-dimethylaniline have been detected in on-site groundwater. ;
Potychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), crystal violet, aniline, and N,N-dimethyianiline
were detected in on-site soil. Potential health risks may exist for individuals who
have direct contact with or ingest contaminated groundwater or soil.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site. ..
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, the EPA constructed an access road to the first
drum site. Drums were staged and empty drums were crushed. Contaminated soil
under the drums was removed, and the drums and soil were covered. Thirty cubic
yards of contaminated soil and drums were transported off site for disposal. The site also was
fenced. , ( .
Entire Site: The State completed an investigation in 1993 to determine the type
and extent of groundwater and soil contamination remaining at the site and to
identify alternative technologies for the cleanup. Field work was completed in
early 1992, during which a treatabttity study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of
different technologies m treating aniline, N, N dimethylaniline, and crystal violet. Based 'on
the results of the investigation, a remedy for the cleanup of the site soil and groundwater was
selected in the fall of 1993. The remedy includes low-temperature treatment for soil, 'carbon
adsorption for groundwater, and capping of the landfill. The design of the remedy began in
mid-1994 and is expected to be completed in 1997. , -
Environmental Progress
Excavating, covering, and removing drums and contaminated soil and posting warning signs at
the site reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated soil and drums at the Duell &
Gardner Landfill site while the design of the final remedy is underway.
Site Repository
Dalton Township Hall, 1616 East Riley Thompson Road, Muskegon, MI 49445
February 1996
DUELL & GARDNER LANDFILL
-------
ELECTROVQ
MICHIGAN
EPAID#MID005068143
EPA REGION 5
Berrien County
Buchanan .
Site Description
Several manufacturing companies have occupied the Electrovoice site since the 1920s.
Campbell Transportation Company operated at the site in the early 1930s. Dry Zero
Corporation produced insulating materials at the site from the mid-1930s to 1940. From 1940
to 1946, Clark Equipment leased the property to manufacture transmissions for large
equipment. In 1946, Electrovoice, Inc. purchased the property and has since used the location
to manufacture electronic sound reproduction equipment. Refuse from demolitions was
deposited into a natural land depression located on site from the 1920s to the early 1950s.
The depression was filled in until it was approximately the level of the remaining Electrovoice
property. Portions of the Electrovoice property are built upon this fill material. In 1952,"
Electrovoice built two lagoons to dispose of liquid electroplating waste produced at its plant
on the site. The north lagoon was continuously filled with water, but the south lagoon, which
was built to hold overflow from the first lagoon, never received waste. Electrovoice took the
lagoons out of service and, in 1962, installed a wastewater treatment facility on site. In 1979,
.the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) inspected the spill containment
system that Electrovoice installed after a drain pipe spilled liquid wastes into the north
lagoon. Both lagoons were closed by Electrovoice in 1980 and subsequently backfilled. Other
potential sources of contamination a,t the site include a dry well that was used for the-disposal
of liquid wastes from the plant's paint and glue shop and an underground tank that was used
to store oil for fuel. Approximately 7,900 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site, and
10,000 people are supplied with water from nearby municipal wells. McCoy Creek, located %
mile downstream of the site, is used for^ recreation. . , '
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soils, are
contaminated with VOCs and inorganics. Samples of lagoon sludge and standjng
water showed elevated levels of heavy metals and cyanide in the water. Possible
health threats stem from direct contact with or ingestion of contaminated
groundwater, surface water, sludge, or soil. ;
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two long-term stages focusing on cleanup of the entire site and
off-property groundwater.
* . ' -
Response Action Status : :
Entire Site: In 1987, the MDNR began an investigation into the nature and
extent of contamination at the site. Electrovoice took over the study in 1988, and
completed it in 1991. Final cleanup remedies were selected for the lagoon area,
on-site contaminated groundwater, and the dry well area soils, including capping of the ,
lagoon area, pumping and treating of the on-site contaminated groundwater, and soil vapor
extraction with excavation of the dry well area soils. As part of the design, EPA is currently
completing an evaluation of Subsurface Volatilization and Ventilation System (SVVS)
technology. If proven successful, the system may replace soil vapor extraction, excavation,
solidification, and off-site landfilling of the dry well area soils. The design is expected to -be
completed in 1996.
Off-Property Groundwater: In 1992, the EPA began an investigation into the
nature and extent of contamination in off-property groundwater. Once the
investigation is complete, scheduled for late 1996, final remedies will be selected. ..
Site Facts: In 1987, the EPA and Electrovoice entered into a Consent Order that required
the company to carry out a study of site contamination. The feasibility study was completed
by the EPA in September 1991.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and '"
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Electrovoice site while studies are
taking place and cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Buchanan Public Library, 117 West Front Street, Buchanan, MI 49107
February 1996
ELECTROVOICE
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FOLKERTSM
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980609366
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Walker
Site Description
The 8-acre Folkertsma Refuse site was operated as a licensed, yet improperly zoned, landfill
accepting mostly foundry sand and some construction debris. The property was sold in 1969
and operated as an industrial disposal site until the former owner repurchased it in 1972.
Between 1969 and 1972, additional foundry sand and other unidentified wastes were.
deposited at the site. A pallet repair and manufacturing company erected three pole buildings
and started a pallet manufacturing business that is currently in operation. The EPA was
notified of past waste disposal activities at the site in 1981. In 1983, the EPA examined
information that described the disposal activities on the property and determined thafan.on-
site investigation of possible contamination should be conducted. The investigation was
conducted in 1984. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) also
investigated the property in 1985 and found 40,000 cubic yards of landfilled waste consisting
of foundry sand, chemical products, construction debris, and other industrial wastes, from
heavy manufacturing operations. However, a later investigation conducted by the EPA
estimated that there is 57,000 cubic yards of landfilled waste. Approximately 8,000 people live
within a mile of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal and potential^ responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater beneath the landfill was contaminated with arsenic. Sediments from
two drainage ditches on the property and landfilled materials contained polynuclear
aromatic'hydrocarbons (PNAs) and heavy metals including arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, nickel, and lead. Possible health threats could have occurred from
direct contact with or ingestion of contaminated groundwater, sediments, or
landfilled materials, as well as from inhaling contaminated dusts. Contaminated
sediments posed an environmental risk because of the possibility of
bioaccumulation of chemicals. , '
March 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The EPA initiated an investigation in 1988 to determine the type and
extent of contamination at the site and to identify alternative technologies for-
cleanup. The study was completed in 1990, and a final cleanup remedy was
selected in 1991. The final cleanup remedy involved excavating contaminated sediments and
placing these sediments in the landfill. A clay cap was constructed over the contaminated
sediments and landfill materials. In addition, improved drains provided for continued drainage
of the site, and gas vents were placed on each side of the landfill to prevent the buildup of
gases. The pallet manufacturing company was relocated ito an area north of the landfill-limits.
Fencing and deed restrictions control access and use of the site, while groundwater and
drainage water monitoring ensure the effectiveness of the cleanup. All construction of the
cleanup remedies was completed in late 1994. A final close-out report indicating that cleanup
has been completed is currently being developed. All cleanup goals have been met.
Environmental Progress
All cleanup activities at the Folkertsma Refuse site are complete. The EPA has begun the
process of deleting the site from the NPL.
Site Repository
Kent County Public Library, 4293 Remembrance Road, Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49504
March 1996
FOLKERTSMA REFUSE
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FOREST
WASTE
PRODUCTS
MICHIGAN
EPA ID#MID980410740
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Genesee County
2 miles northwest of Otisville
Other Names:
Forest Waste Disposal Landfill
The 112-acre Forest Waste Products site consists of a 11-acre landfill with nine former
lagoons. It was licensed from 1972 to 1978 to receive general refuse and wastes. Drummed
wastes from various sources were disposed of in the landfill, and waste oils, sludges, paint and
resin wastes, and sulfuric acid were placed in the lagoons. In 1974, the site accepted .sludge
and waste from an Agrico Chemical Warehouse fire, while in 1975, the site accepted
polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated roofing material and contaminated cattle feed.
Trenches were dug randomly, industrial wastes were buried with general refuse, and liquid
wastes were discharged into the landfill and onto the ground. Wetlands near the site drain
into Butternut Creek, which eventually discharges into the Flint River. The site is underlain
by two drinking water aquifers. There are 50 residences near the site, and the area around
the site is used for hunting.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but does
not pose a risk. The lagoon subsurface soils showed significant concentrations of
lead, PCBs, and VOCs. The landfill soil is contaminated with lead, chromium,
phthalates, VOCs and porycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Potential, risks
may exist for individuals who have direct contact with or ingest contaminated soils.
The site is fenced, thereby reducing potential entry by unauthorized individuals.
Nearby wetlands also may be threatened.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the lagoons and the landfill.
' February 1996
-------
Response Action Status -
immediate Actions: Under EPA monitoring, the parties potentially responsible
for the contamination installed a fence around the site in 1984.
Lagoons: The EPA selected the following Cleanup actions for the lagoons:
excavation, treatment, and disposal of 4,000 cubic yards of contaminated sludges,
sediments, and soils in an off-site landfill; and extraction, treatment, and disposal
of 110,000 gallons of liquid wastes at a licensed treatment facility. The EPA completed the
technical specifications to clean up the lagoons in 1988. Under EPA monitoring, the
potentially responsible parties initiated the cleanup activities in 1988. The work was
completed in 1990. . ,
Landfill: The EPA has selected the following actions for cleanup of the landfill:
excavation and off-site incineration of approximately 4,000 drums and 1,000 cubic
yards of associated contaminated soils, and installation of a landfill cap. The drum
removal was completed in 1994. The EPA began monitoring groundwater in 1989; however,
the State took over the 30-year monitoring program in 1991. The EPA is currently overseeing
the potentially responsible parties' design of the landfill cap which is expected to be
completed in 1996. .
Site Facts: The EPA issued an Administrative Order on Consent, requiring the potentially
responsible parties to clean up the lagoons and to perform a drum removal at the landfill.
The EPA also issued a Unilateral Administrative Order for the parties to dispose of
investigative waste, and entered into a Consent Decree with potentially responsible parties to
cap the landfill.
Environmental Progress
Installing a fence; treating and disposing of sludges, soils, and liquids in the lagoons; and
removing approximately 4,000 drums of contaminated soil have reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Forest Waste Products site while final cleanup
actions continue. ,
Site Repository
Forest Township Library, 130 East Main Street, Otisville, MI 48463
Februaiy 1996
FOREST WASTE PRODUCTS
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G&H
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980410823
EPA REGION 5
Macomb County
Between Utica and Rochester
Site Description
The 80-acre G & H Landfill site operated as a waste oil recovery facility from 1955 to 1967
and as a municipal refuse disposal site until 1974. During operations, large amounts of waste
oil were dumped into two unlined storage ponds. In addition, solvents, paint thinners, and
other compounds were disposed of in "paint pits" located throughout the landfill. The
Rochester-Utica State Recreational Area borders the site, and a series of interconnected
shallow ponds formed by past gravel mining exist in this area. Some of the ponds are
contaminated with waste oil and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Approximately 54,000
people live within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/03/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, soil, and sediments are contaminated with volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
PCBs, and heavy metals. People who accidentally touch or ingest contaminate'U
groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediments may suffer adverse health effects.
Residents who use the off-site ponds* for fishing may be harmed through direct
contact with or ingestion of contaminated surface water or fish. In addition; the
pollutants may be harmful to people using the Rochester-Utica State Recreational
Area, and to area wildlife and nearby wetlands.
' ' February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial.phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1982, the EPA installed 18 monitoring wells for
groundwater sampling. A fence was constructed to prevent users of the
recreational area from coming into contact with the hazardous waste seeps. Three
overflow dams also were installed. When the oily seeps extended beyond the fenced area, the
EPA installed a skimmer to prevent the floating oils from migrating. In 1983, the EPA
installed clay barriers in the path of the seepages to restrict the movement of PCB-
contaminated oil. The existing fence was extended to surround the new seepages. By 1986,
the clay barrier and fence had deteriorated in the swampy areas. The EPA blocked all
recreational vehicle trails with earthen mounds to prevent access to the site. In addition, a
main entrance gate was established, warning signs were posted, and security guards were
hired to discourage trespassers. The EPA also began preparing for the site cleanup by
constructing a road and a barn to contain three storage tanks of recovered wastes. Drains
and culverts were constructed to restrict the flow of PCB-contaminated oil. In 1987, an. access
road collapsed, blocking the drains carrying runoff from the site. The drain was cleared, and
the roadway was stabilized. In 1988, the EPA installed a fence around the entire site. A water
treatment and leachate collection system also is being maintained in the oil seep area.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA selected a remedy to contain the contamination at
the landfill by capping and installing a partial slurry wall; pumping and treating
groundwater outside of the slurry wall; excavating, consolidating, and capping
PCB-contaminated soil outside of the slurry wall; and providing municipal water connections
as needed. Wetlands affected by the site will be restored. The parties potentially responsible
for site contamination completed the cleanup remedy design in 1995. Cleanup activities are
currently underway.
Environmental Progress
Numerous immediate actions, including the installation of fences, dams, and clay barriers,
have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the G & H Landfill site
while final cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Shelby Township Library, 51680 Van Dyke Avenue, Utica, MI 48316
February 1996
G & H LANDFILL
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GRAND TRAY
OVERALL SU
COMPANY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID#MID017418559
~''r~~~% ,
-^^J?"^2'
EPA REGION 5
Leelanau County
Greilickville
Site Description
The Grand Traverse Overall-Supply Company (GTOS) site is a commercial laundering facility
covering 1 acre in Greilickville. The facility was built in 1953; dry-cleaning machines were
installed in 1968 and 1973. The facility is no longer used for dry cleaning, and the machines
were removed in the early 1980s. A dry well was used to collect waste until ,1955, but seepage
lagoons were constructed in 1955, 1961, and 1968 and collected wastes until 1977, when the
facility began discharging waste to the sanitary sewer system. In 1978, the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources discovered that groundwater in the area was contaminated
with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). At least 10 wells were found to be contaminated,
including a well used by an elementary school adjacent to the facility. The school and other
residences used bottled water until new wells in a deeper, confined aquifer were installed".
The contaminated wells were capped when the new wells were drilled. In the late 1970s, the
lagoons on the site were drained and filled with gravel, and contaminated soils around tine dry
well and barrels of waste sludge were removed. Approximately 1,200 people live within 3
miles of the site. The nearest residence is 250 feet south of the facility. Cedar Lake, Cedar
Lake Outlet, and Grand Traverse Bay are all less than 1/4 mile away from the site. Cedar
Lake and Grand Traverse Bay are used for swimming and other recreational activities. .
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
. Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
VOCs have been found in the groundwater; however, contaminated wells have
been replaced, so contact with contaminated groundwater no longer poses a threat.
Lagoon sediments, dry cleaning waste sludges, soil from the dry well, and
wastewater and cooling water were contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and
perchloroethylene. There was a potential for contamination of Cedar Lake, Cedar
Lake Outlet, and Grand Traverse Bay with TCE prior to cleanup actions. People
who had direct contact with or accidentally ingested contaminated groundwater,
soil, or surface water may have been at risk. If the contaminated groundwater
plume migrated towards Grand Traverse Bay, the wildlife fiving in or around the
Bay could have been exposed to pollutants. .
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed through initial actions; further investigations showed that no other
cleanup actions were required. . ... .
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Contaminated wells have been replaced by new, deeper wells. In
addition, the lagoons were drained in the late 1970s, and sludge and contaminated
soils were removed.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA began a study to determine the nature and extent
of the groundwater, soil, and surface water contamination at the site. The study,
completed in 1992, showed that the initial cleanup actions had addressed the .'
threats to the people and the environment. Therefore, EPA has determined that no further
cleanup actions are necessary.
Environmental Progress
Replacement of contaminated wells and removal of contaminated soils have eliminated, the
potential for exposure to site-related contaminants, The EPA has determined that no othpr
actions are required at the Grand Traverse Overall Supply Company site. ...
Site Repository
Traverse Area District Library, 322 6th Street, Traverse City, MI 49684
February 1996
GRAND TRAVERSE
OVERALL SUPPLY COMPANY
-------
GRATIOT CQ
GOLFCOU
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID98079453
EPA REGION 5
Gratiot County
St. Louis
^ Other Names:
Edgewoetf ?wu\s Goff Course Site
Site Description
The Gratiot County Golf Course site covered 3 acres in St. Louis. From 1956 until 1970? the
Michigan Chemical Corporation, later purchased by the Velsicol Chemical Corporation,
burned and disposed of industrial waste, including the pesticide DDT, on the site.
Approximately 2,000 to 3,000 gallons of hazardous waste were disposed of on the site. Waste
seeped from the site into the Pine River, which is used for recreational activities. In 1982,
Velsicol, under State supervision, cleaned up the site and agreed to clean up two other sites
for which it is potentially responsible: the Gratiot County Landfill and the Velsicol Plant in
St. Louis. Approximately 2,500 people live within 1 mile of the site. About 5J500 people use
groundwater for drinking water within 3 miles of the golf course. Two municipal water wells
are located within 3 miles of the site. ' .
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/01/82
Final Date: 12/01/82
Deleted Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater was contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals. Surface water was contaminated with benzene. All cleanup actions
have been completed, and the site no longer poses a threat to public health or the
environment. ,
February 1995
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site was addressed through immediate actions.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Contaminated sediments were removed to the Velsicol
Plant and disposed of in accordance with the'cleanup plan for that site: -
Additionally, contaminated groundwater underlying the golf course area is
continuous with contamination at neighboring sites and was addressed as part of their cleanup
strategy. . -
Site Facts: The Gratiot County Golf Course site was placed on the first proposed NPL in
December 1982. All cleanup actions were completed before the first final NPL was
established. In November 1982, Velsicol agreed to a combined settlement for cleanup of this
site and two others in Michigan, the Gratiot County Landfill and the Velsicol Plant in
St. Louis. .
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions performed have removed the sources of contamination and eliminated
any potential threats at the site. Site evaluations determined that no additional cleanup work
was required, and the Gratiot County Golf Course site was deleted from the NPL in 1983.
The site continues to be used as a recreational golf course while cleanup actions continue at
the related NPL sites in the area. . .
Site Repository
Information is no longer available.
February 1995
GRATIOT COUNTY GOLF COURSE
-------
GRATIOT CO
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980506281
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Gratiot County
1/2 mile southeast of St. Louis
The Gratiot County Landfill site covers 40 acres southeast of St. Louis. Prior to 1977, the
Michigan Chemical Corporation (later purchased by Velsicol Chemical Corporation) disposed
of various plant wastes, including 269,000 pounds of porybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), at the
landfill. The landfill also accepted general refuse. In 1977, the State discovered elevated levels
of contaminants in shallow aquifers and in several nearby ponds. In addition, the State
learned that in at least one, possibly two, places the wastes were in direct contact with the
immediately underlying aquifer, The potential existed for contamination of the deeper.
aquifers supplying drinking water for the region. Approximately 5,300 people live within 3
miles of the landfill; about 1,500 people are located within a mile. Municipal water wells ' ,
serving 4,100 people are located within 3 miles of the site. The Pine River is located
approximately 1 1/2 miles west of the site.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions. .
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/22/81
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and surface water contain porybrominated biphenyls (PBBs).
Potential health risks include accidental ingestion of or direct contact with
contaminated groundwater and surface water.
March .1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Between 1977 and 1980, various hydrogeological studies were
performed at the site. Based on these studies, the Michigan Department of
Natural Resources (MDNR) prepared an Environmental Impact Assessment and
developed alternatives for cleanup of the site. A remedy for the site was selected in 1981. In
1984, the State, with Velsicol Chemical Corporation, took action to minimize the migration of
contaminants from the landfill. This included regrading the surface to direct runoff from the
landfill area, covering the waste with clay to prevent rainwater from coming into contact with
the buried wastes, and constructing a slurry wall along the property boundary to contain
contaminated groundwater. A groundwater purge system was constructed and a 5-acre evapo-
transpiration bed was installed to dispose of water from the purge wells. However, the
groundwater purge system was never used. In 1992, the. State completed an investigation that
showed that the slurry wall is ineffective in halting groundwater flow at several locations.
Low levels of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) benzene, chloroethane, 1,1
dichloroethane, and 1,2 dichloroethane were detected outside the slurry wall, however, rip
PBBs were detected in groundwater samples. In 1994, the State began another investigation
to determine the extent of contamination outside the landfill. An additional objective of this
investigation, due to be completed in 1996, is to evaluate the groundwater samples to .
determine if alternatives for groundwater cleanup are necessary at the site.
Site Facts: In November 1982, Velsicol Chemical Corporation agreed to a combined
settlement for cleanup of this site and two others in Michigan, the Gratiot County Golf
Course and the Velsicol Plant in St. Louis.
Environmental Progress
All currently planned construction at the site is complete. The surface regrading, covering of
the waste, and construction of a slurry wall have reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous materials at the Gratiot County Landfill site while further cleanup activities are
being evaluated.
March 1996
GRATIOT COUNTY LANDFILL
-------
H. BROWN
MICHIGAN
EPA ID#MID017075136
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Grand Rapids
Walker
Site Description
The 3^-acre H. Brown Co., Inc. site is an active automobile and forklift battery recycling
facility. The site and surrounding area may have been used as a municipal waste disposal
landfill before the H. Brown Company began operations on the property in 1961. Initially, the
company's operations involved buying, dismantling, processing, and selling scrap metal and
junk. Later, the company focused on reclaiming lead from used batteries. Until 1978, the lead
reclamation process involved dismantling batteries and draining battery acid onto an area'of
the site. Between 1961 and 1978, 170,000 to 460,000 gallons of battery acid may have been
drained. The company discontinued its lead reclamation activities in 1982, but continues to
collect used batteries and sell them to other businesses. Responding to a request by the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), the company installed liquid collection
pans and stainless steel storage tanks on the site in 1978 to collect and contain drunimed
battery acids instead of draining them on the ground. Acid that was stored in the tanks later
was taken to .an off-site facility for disposal. Surface water from the site drains through a
ditch to a wetland, which then empties into the Grand River % mile east of the site.
Approximately 3,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The source of municipal
water is Lake Michigan, with supplementary water drawn from the Grand River each
summer. The site and surrounding properties are in the flood plain of the Grand River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Lead and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are contaminating the air,
groundwater, and soil. Wastewaters on the property contain heavy metals including
copper, nickel, lead, and chromium. Potential health threats include accidentally
ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater, soil, or
wastewater, or breathing contaminated air. The Grand River and nearby wetlands
are threatened by contaminants from the site.
March 1996
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
interim Actions: In spring 1991, the EPA took measures to limit the scattering
of dust from surface soils and fenced the property to the north of the facility to
limit access to the area where soils are contaminated with lead. Later, the
potentially responsible parties erected a fence and performed limited air monitoring. The-'
potentially responsible parties have completed all air monitoring requirements.
Entire Site: The EPA initiated an investigation in 1988 to determine the nature
and extent of groundwater, soil, air, and sediment contamination at the site and
to identify alternative cleanup remedies. The investigation was completed in late
1992. A remedy was selected in 1992 calling for solidification/stabilization of contaminated
soils, installation of a clay cap over the site, construction of a slurry wall surrounding the- site,
and investigation of deep groundwater conditions. Design of the remedy began in 1993 and is
expected to be completed in late 1996. ,
Site Facts: Under a Unilateral Administrative Order, the potentially responsible parties
were required to erect a fence and monitor the air. All air monitoring requirements under the
Order have been completed. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, under an interagency
agreement with the EPA, is conducting the design of the remedy.
Environmental Progress
Interim actions to control dust disturbance and restrict area access have reduced the potential
for exposure to contaminated materials while the final remedy is being designed.
Site Repository
Kent County Public Library, Walker Branch, 1331 Walker Village Drive, Walker, MI 49504
Walker City Hall, 4243 Remembrance Dr., Walker, MI 49504
March 1996
H. BROWN CO., INC.
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HEDBLUM
INDUSTRIES
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794408
EPA REGION 5
losco County
Near Oscdda
Site Description
The Hedblum Industries site is situated on 10 acres in a mixed-use, industrial, and residential
area near Oscoda. From 1958 through 1985, the site was leased to a series of industrial firms
that manufactured automobile parts. The Hedblum Industries site first came to the attention
of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) Water Quality Division during a
routine inspection of the facility in 1972. At that time, Thompson Industries was engaged in
the assembly of anti-rattling devices for the automotive industry. Cooling and rinse waters
were discharged from the plant directly onto the ground. The MDNR received a complaint
from a resident near the plant regarding a contaminated well in 1973. During another' '
inspection, the MDNR was informed that every 2 weeks from 1968 to 1972, Thompson had
dumped approximately 40 gallons of trichloroethylene (TCE) from a degreaser onto the
ground. The State estimates that 4,000 gallons of TCE were dumped over this 4-year .period.
Samples from several residential wells indicated that two of them were contaminated with
TCE. As a result, the State recommended that local residents not use their wells. The
affected residents replaced their contaminated wells with deeper ones in an attempt to tap an
uncontaminated water supply. Two more wells that were found to be contaminated in the Au
Sable Heights area in 1975 were replaced with deeper ones. In 1977, the local health
department received a complaint about a strong odor from one of the replacement wells, and
sampling indicated that the well also had become contaminated with TCE. By 1978, Oscoda
had extended water lines into the Au Sable Heights subdivision and began providing an
alternate water supply to the subdivision. Some property owners in the subdivision elected not
to be connected to the Oscoda water system. The Oscoda County Health Department"
continued to assess conditions at the site and sampled liquids contained in an underground
storage tank near the northeastern side of the site in 1980. In 1981, the State installed-seven
monitoring wells, determined that 'the groundwater flow beneath the site was to the
northeast, and confirmed solvent contamination. In 1985, the Hedblum Industries property
was purchased by Aircraft Tool Supply, which currently, produces aircraft parts at the site.
The population of the area is approximately 13,700. The closest residence is about 350 feet
from the site. An industrial park is located less than a mile north of the site. Most of the
population of the towns of Oscoda and Au Sable live within a 3-mile radius of the site-
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
February 1996
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
including TCE. Surface waters of the bayou northeast of the Au Sable Heights
subdivision are contaminated with VOCs, including TCE and vinyl chloride.:
Residents of Au Sable Heights who use private wells may be exposed to
contaminants when drinking or using groundwater. Sampling of residential'wells in
1990 found no VOC contaminants above detection limits. Since on-site
groundwater flows northeast toward the bayou, area residents may be exposed to
site-related contaminants when coming into direct contact with the bayou's surface
water and sediments. Contaminants could migrate into the Au Sable River through
sediments and surface waters of the bayou and a creek that feeds into the river.
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: After a careful evaluation of several alternatives, the EPA chose the
following methods to address site contamination in 1989: extraction, treatment,
and monitoring of contaminated groundwater in the Au Sable Heights subdivision;
abandonment of six groundwater monitoring wells; and collection and analysis of on-site soil
samples. A potentially responsible party completed designing the groundwater treatment
system in 1992; the construction of the groundwater cleanup treatment system also was,
completed in 1992. Groundwater cleanup is currently underway, and it is expected that
cleanup standards will be met by 1998. Analysis of the additional soil samples showed that
there is no need for soil cleanup.
Environmental Progress
All construction at the site is complete, and groundwater treatment is ongoing. While
treatment is taking place, the EPA has determined that the Hedblum Industries site poses no
immediate danger to the surrounding communities or the environment.
Site Repository
Oscoda Public Library, 110 South State Street, Oscoda, MI 48750
Fefaruaiy 1996
HEDBLUM INDUSTRIES
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HI-MILL
MANUFACTU
COMPANY
MICHIGAN
EPAID#MID005341714
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
Highland Township
The Hi-Mill Manufacturing site is located on 4^ acres in a sparsely-populated area in
Highland Township. The Hi-Mill Manufacturing Company began making tubular aluminum,
brass, and copper parts in 1946. Operations at Hi-Mill consisted of two main processes:
anodizing, a process used to brighten metals; and degreasing, a process to clean them. Metals
were bathed in tanks containing acids that periodically were emptied into a clay-lined lagoon.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) received complaints from Hi-Mill
employees of the potential contamination of the plant's drinking water supply in 1972, and
subsequent sampling of on-site wells and an adjacent marsh detected contamination from
heavy metals. In 1976, Hi-Mill built a second, smaller lagoon south of the original lagoon to
contain overflow. On two separate occasions in 1976 and 1977, the big lagoon overflowed
into the marsh bordering the site. Hi-Mill applied for a National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System Permit (NPDES) to cover such overflows. The EPA did not concur with a
permit being issued to Hi-Mill by the State. As a result, the MDNR ordered the company to
stop discharging untreated wastewaters into the lagoon and requested that Hi-Mill design a
wastewater recycling program. Although the firm implemented the recycling system in 1981,
the already-contaminated lagoons remained a concern. In an attempt to clean up the big
lagoon, liquid was evaporated in the lagoon using a spray evaporation technique. Particles
were carried by the, wind and deposited downwind of the plant onto State land around- *
Waterbury Lake. The MDNR ordered Hi-Mill to stop this practice in 1983. Hi-Mill then.
cleaned up the big lagoon by excavating and backfilling. The immediate area surrounding the
site is sparsely populated and rural. The nearest homes are located approximately 2,000 feet
southeast of the site, along Waterbury Road. Approximately 13,600 people obtain drinking
water from private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90.
.February 1996
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater in the shallow groundwater unit below the Hi-Mill property and
Highland Road is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
trichlorethylene (TCE), 1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC).
Surface and subsurface on-site soil was contaminated with organic and inorganic
compounds. Sediment and surface water in Waterbury Lake and Target Pond
does not appear to be adversely impacted by inorganics. There is no health risk to
current workers or future residents from exposure to site soils. Groundwater from
the shallow groundwater unit is not used; therefore, there is no health risk to-
current workers or future residents from exposure to contaminated groundwater.
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status '
Immediate Actions: Hi-Mill, under MDNR supervision, removed 142 cubic
yards of contaminated soil, 34,400 gallons of contaminated sludge, and 63,300
gallons of contaminated water from the big lagoon. Hi-Mill rilled in the lagoon
with sand and clay. A new well was installed on site in 1989 to provide Hi-Mill employees
with safe drinking water. Before the new well was hooked up, Hi-Mill provided its employees'
with bottled water.
j
Entire Site: The Hi-Mill Manufacturing Company, under EPA and MDNR
oversight, conducted intensive studies between 1989 and 1992 to determine, the
nature and extent of contamination at the site. Based on the results of this'study,
a "No Action with Groundwater Monitoring and Institutional Controls" remedy was selected
by the EPA in the fall of 1993. The EPA chose this remedy because the contaminated
shallow groundwater unit is not currently used, and institutional controls will ensure that the
affected groundwater is not used in the future. Groundwater monitoring and institutional
controls will continue until the possibility of contact with contaminated groundwater is
eliminated.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed in 1988 between Hi-Mill and the EPA, requiring
the company to conduct a study of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The immediate actions performed by the Hi-Mill Manufacturing Company have reduced the
spread of contamination and the possibility of direct contact with hazardous materials at the
site. Groundwater monitoring and institutional controls are in progress to ensure the
February 1996
HI-MILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
-------
protectiveness of these actions to the public and the environment.
Site Repository
Highland Township Library, 205 West Livingston Street, Highland, MI 48031
HI-MILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY
3
February 1996
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IONIA CITY
MICHIGAN
EPA!D# MID980794416
EPA REGION 5
Ionia County
Ionia
Site Description
The Ionia City Landfill is a former landfill covering 20 acres in the floodplain of the Grand
River. From .the 1930s until it closed in 1969, the City owned and operated the site for the
disposal of municipal and industrial wastes. Although closed, wastes continued to be
periodically disposed of at the site through the early 1970s. A portion of the site later became
a recreational area. In 1981, citizen concerns led to an investigation that discovered burred
drums, as well as drums on the surface of the landfill. An' unknown number of drums were
buried in an area approximately 1/3 acre in size, located in the north central portion of the
site. In 1981, the State excavated about 100 drums, many containing industrial liquids and
some leaking, and transported the wastes off site for disposal. Approximately 6,000 people
live within 1 mile of the site,-and the nearest residence is about 500 feet away. The municipal
well field is located approximately 1 mile upgradient and northwest of the site. A recreational
park and farm land are located west of the landfill, and a tributary to the Grand River forms
the eastern boundary of the site. . \
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including methylene chloride, toluene, and
trichlorpethene, and heavy metals including chromium, barium, and lead were
found in soil. Groundwater is contaminated with (VOCs) including vinyl chloride
trichloroethene, methylene chloride, and toluene. People who come into direct
contact with or accidentally ingest contaminated groundwater or soil may be at
risk. The contamination at the site may harm wildlife living in or around the area.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the sources of contamination at the site.
Response Action Status
- Immediate Actions: In 1985, the potentially responsible .parties constructed a
security fence around the site, removed surface and partially exposed surface
drums, and posted warning signs. A clay covering was installed over the area
where drums were removed to reduce the amount of rainwater coming into contact with
buried wastes and to minimize the off-site movement of contaminants. Groundwater source
control has improved significantly since 1992. As a result, a pump test was conducted in 1994
to assist in the design of a system to extract and treat contaminated groundwater. This
system will be implemented in 1996 to ensure protection of the Grand River ecosystem.
Source Control: In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the site using
in-situ vitrification. This technique melts the waste material and contaminated
soils with an electric current to destroy, remove, or permanently immobilize
hazardous substances. An engineering seal treatability study was completed in 1991. In 1992,
the potentially responsible parties undertook additional site preparation activities by removing
apprpximately 30,000 gallons of drummed liquids from the source area. The potentially
responsible parties also removed the entire source area (approximately 6,000-7,000 cubic
yards of wastes and contaminated soil) in late 1994 and transported the material off site for
treatment/disposal. The design of the remedy is scheduled to be completed in 1997.
Environmental Progress
By constructing a security fence to restrict access to the Ionia City Landfill site, and removing
the source area containing drums, bulk wastes and contaminated soils, the principle source of
contamination has been addressed. The plume containment measures scheduled to be
implemented in 1996 will remove contaminated groundwater and prevent its migration and
discharge to the nearby Grand River. .
Site Repository
Hall-Fowler Memorial Library, 126 East Main Street, Ionia, MI 48846
February 1996
IONIA CITY LANDFILL
-------
J & L LANDFI
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980609440
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
Rochester Hills
Other Names:
Avon Township Landfill
Site Description
The J & L Landfill covers approximately 17 acres in Rochester Hills. From 1951 to 1980,.
approximately 12M million cubic feet of wastes were buried at the site up to 25 feet deep.
Wastes included dusts from emission control devices in electric furnaces and alkaline slag
from electric furnaces involved in stainless steel production. The landfill has no liner, and is
located in an area consisting of layers of sand and gravel extending between 18 and 35 feet
below the surface. These materials facilitate the movement of contaminants into the
groundwater. The area surrounding the landfill is residential and light industrial. Ten
operating or closed disposal facilities are located in the vicinity. Approximately 1,500 people
live within a mile of the site. Some of these residents depend on shallow wells, and the
nearest drinking water well is located less than 600 feet from the landfill. Ladd Drain borders
the site and flows into the Clinton River. The river flows through the Rochester-Utica
Recreation Area less than 1 mile from the landfill.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/10/86
Final Date: 03/31/89
Threats and Contaminants
m
The emission control waste dusts and sediments at the landfill are contaminated
with heavy metals including manganese, chromium, and nickel. People could be
exposed to contaminants in the soils and sediments. Groundwater contamination is
a significant threat, because the groundwater table comes into direct contact with
the wastes in one area of the site. Previous test results indicate that the
contaminated groundwater has not migrated off site. On-site soils and sediments
may pose a health threat to trespassers who frequently visit or dirt bike ride aj the
site.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: interim actions and two long-term remedial phases
focusing on the cleanup of the landfill and the groundwater.
Response Action Status ^
Interim Actions: Many of the residents using the shallow wells as a drinking
water source have received hook-ups to the city water supply.
Landfill: The EPA conducted an investigation to determine the type and extent
of contamination at the landfill in 1991. During this process, the EPA sampled
and tested the groundwater, soil, .surface water; and sediments in Ladd Drain.
The remedy was selected in the summer of 1994, which called for a landfill cap consisting of a
1-foot clay liner and a flexible membrane liner combined with a sand drainage layer. The .
design of the cap began in 1995 and is expected to be completed in late 1996.
Groiindwater: The EPA has collected groundwater samples and is currently .
evaluating how to address the nature and extent of contaminated groundwater at
the site.
Environmental Progress
Residential hookup to the city water supply has reduced the immediate threat to the .
surrounding community at the J & L Landfill site while final cleanup activities are being
planned. . . .
Site Repository
Rochester Hills Public Library, 500 Olde Towne Rd., Rochester, MI 48307
Rochester Hills City Hall, 1000 Rochester Hills Dr., Rochester Hills, MI 48309
February 1996
J & L LANDFILL
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K & L AVENUi
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# M1D980506463
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo County ;
Oshtemo Township ,
7 miles west of downtown Kalamazoo
Other Names:
West KL Avenue Landfill
Kalamazoo KL Landfill
Kalamazoo County Landfill
Oshtemo Township Landfill
Site Description
The K & L Avenue Landfill is a former sanitary landfill covering 87 acres in Oshtemo
Township. The site served as a local garbage dump for the Township from the 1960s until .
1968, when it became the county sanitary landfill. Approximately 5 million cubic yards of solid
waste were disposed of at the site. The landfill was. closed in 1979, after contaminants were
found in residential wells. The County provided bottled water to the affected residences and
covered about 5 acres of the landfill to prevent the migration of contaminants. In 1980, 36
homes were connected to a new water main, and in 1981, ten deeper wells were installed to
replace eight existing contaminated wells. Approximately 11,000 people live within 3 miles of
the landfill. The area surrounding the site is rural residential. The nearest residence is
adjacent to the site. The landfill is located about 200 feet southwest of Bonnie Castle Lake
and 1 mile east of Dustin Lake. Both bodies of water are used for recreation, including .
fishing. . - .
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, county, and potentially
responsible parties' actions
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Filial Date: 09/08/83;
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phenols,
and heavy metals. Soil in isolated areas shows low levels of porychlorinated -
biphenyl (PCB) contamination. All affected water wells have been replaced with
deeper wells that draw from the lower, uncontaminated aquifer or with city water
lines. Therefore, the groundwater presently poses little or no threat to public .
health.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
initial Actions: In 1980 and 1981, the County of Kalamazoo either installed new
wells or provided connections to a public water supply for residences affected by
contaminants from the landfill.
Entire Site: In 1990, the EPA completed an investigation to determine the type
and extent of contamination at the site, and selected cleanup remedies. These
remedies include: continued monitoring of groundwater, surface water, and air;
deed restrictions on the use of the shallow aquifer as a drinking water source; groundwater
extraction and treatment by enhanced bioremediation; discharge of the treated groundwater
back into the aquifer or an infiltration pond; fencing of the site; deed restrictions on the
construction of buildings on the site or adjacent to the site; installation of a landfill cap; and
installation and monitoring of gas vents throughout the landfill. Currently, the remedy
selected in 1990 is on hold while the site is being investigated as part of the EPA's
Bioremediation Field Initiative. This study will evaluate whether bioremediation, which would
use naturally occurring organisms having to address groundwater contamination, would be a
more effective alternative. Field work began in 1993. ' ~
Environmental Progress
By replacing contaminated water supplies, the County is protecting nearby residents from site-
related contaminants at the K & L Avenue Landfill while the site is participating in EPA's
Bioremediation Field Initiative.
Site Repository
Oshtemo Township Branch of the Kalamazoo County Public Library
7265 West Main Street, Kalamazoo MI
Oshtemo Township Hall, 7275 West Main Street, Kalamazoo MI
February 1996
K & L AVENUE LANDFILL
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KAYDON
CORPORATI
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006016703
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Muskegon
The Kaydon Corporation has manufactured various bearings and bearing assemblies at this
40-acre site since 1941. Wastewater and sludges from plant processes were disposed of-on site
in seven unlined^pits and in the south branch of Ruddiman Creek. In 1968, Kaydon began
separating wastes; now only cooling water is discharged into the creek. Some process wastes
are removed by waste haulers. The remaining waste is placed in lined settling ponds to settle
out the sludge prior to discharge to a sanitary sewer. The pond sludge periodically is removed
to a federally approved facility for disposal. Approximately 5,000 people live within 1 mile of
the site. The closest residence is located 250 feet away. Although 700 people obtain drinking
water from private wells located within 3 miles of the site, the majority of the homes in the
area are connected to the municipal water supply, which uses Lake Michigan as its source.
Several residences located within 1 mile of the site have private wells, but only one residence
used a well as its drinking water supply. Ruddiman Creek flows into Muskegon Lake, and
eventually, into Lake Michigan. All of these bodies of water are used for recreational
activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
-Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90 '
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), cyanide,
and heavy metals such as chromium and lead. Soil and sludge contain heavy metals
including chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc. People who come into direct
contact with or accidentally ingest the contaminated soil, sludges, or groundwater
are at risk. ,
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial ph
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
lase
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1986, Kaydon conducted a hydrological study to "
determine the extent of groundwater contamination, removed 1,500 cubic yards of
contaminated soil and sludge; and disposed of them in a federally-approved
facility. The excavated area was backfilled with clean sand, graded to conform to existing land
contours, and seeded. In 1988, Kaydon installed two purge wells that discharge directly to the
publicly-owned treatment works. The wells will continue to operate until groundwater
standards are reached. A performance evaluation is currently being conducted.
Entire Site: In 1993, Kaydon conducted a study of soil contamination at its
property. The investigation showed the presence of elevated levels of metals,
semi-volatile organic liquids (SVOCs), and VOCs. Additional studies will be
performed to further define the extent of contamination, which will be the basis for selecting
cleanup remedies.
Site Facts: Site activities and cleanup actions have been performed voluntarily by the
Kaydon Corporation.
Environmental Progress
The 1986 limited removal of contaminated soil and sludge and the installation of purge wells
have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated materials at the Kaydon
Corporation site. The operation of the purge wells will continue to ensure the safety of
nearby residents and the environment while investigations into the. nature and extent of site
contamination are underway.
February 1996
KAYDON CORPORATION
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KENT CITY M
HOME PARK
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID981089915
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Kent City
Site Description
In 1983, a water supply well at the Kent City Mobile Home Park site was found to be
contaminated with low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This well was replaced
with a new well, located 500 feet uphill of the old one, that draws on a deeper aquifer. The
probable source of contamination was a buried storage drum found approximately 20 feet
from the wells. This drum collected floor drainage from a dry cleaning facility that formerly
operated on the site. In 1984, the drum and soil surrounding it was excavated and replaced
with clean soil. Approximately 3,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. The majority of
these residents use groundwater for a drinking water source; there is no municipal water
supply in the area.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY.
Proposed Date: 09/18/85
Final Date: 07/21/87 -
Deleted Date: 03/20/95
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater was contaminated with VOCs. New wells have been drilled that tap
the deeper uncontaminated aquifer; therefore, exposure to pollutants through the
groundwater is unlikely. Removal of the source of contamination has resulted in
the natural reduction of the contaminants in groundwater.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
immediate Actions: In 1984, the source of groundwater contamination, a buried
storage drum, and surrounding soil were removed. The contaminated well was
removed from service and replaced with a deeper well.
Entire Site: The EPA investigated the site in 1989 and did not find any further
contamination. Monitoring by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) has found no contamination in monitoring wells, municipal wells, or
private wells in the area. In 1994, the EPA determined that no further cleanup actions were
required. The site was deleted from the NPL in March 1995.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed further inspections of the Kent City
Mobile Home Park site and found no contamination in any of the wells in the surrounding
area. As the source of contamination was removed, the site no longer poses a threat to public
health or the environment. The site has been deleted from the NPL.
February 1996
2
KENT CITY MOBILE HOME PARK
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KENTWOOD
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000260281
FILL
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Kentwood
Other Names:
Kent County Landfill
Site Description
The 55-acre Kentwood Landfill site originated as,the Paris Township dump in the early 1950s
and lies within a 72-acre parcel of land in Kentwood. Refuse was dumped into ravines at the
landfill and was burned. In 1966, the dump was licensed as a solid waste disposal facility;
however, the license stipulated that the refuse be covered daily and that burning cease. The
site was inspected in late 1966, and surface seeps of leachate, open burning, and disposal of
liquid factory wastes were found. The license was transferred to the City of Kentwood in
1968, and this license stipulated the site be operated as a sanitary landfill or closed. In 1969,
the landfill was being operated as an open dump in violation of State law. In 1971, the Kent
County Department of Public Works (KCDPW) obtained a license, took over operation of
the site, and designed it as an engineered landfill. On many occasions, leachate was observed
seeping from the landfill into nearby Plaster Creek. In 1975, the KCDPW obtained a license
to operate an additional landfill, southeast of the original landfill. The County covered both
the original and the new landfill with clay and sand in 1975 and 1976 to prevent rainwater
from coming into contact with the buried wastes. The entire landfill was closed in 1976.
Approximately 22 residences are located in the immediate area near the landfill. Some of
these residences obtain their drinking water supply from the groundwater in the area
surrounding the site. The City of Kentwood obtains drinking water from a municipal water
supply system tapping Lake Michigan.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, County, and local actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, soil, and leachate are contaminated with volatile organic compounds
(VOCs)'and heavy metals such as arsenic and nickel. People who come into-direct
contact with or accidentally ingest the contaminated groundwater, soil, or leachate
may suffer adverse health effects. If the leachate continues to seep from the
landfill, the soil, surface water, and sediments in Plaster Creek may become .
contaminated and pose a threat to public health and the environment. '=''
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Because the groundwater has intermingled, the cleanup addresses
both the Kysor and Northernaire sites. In 1989, the EPA selected a remedy to
clean the sites by constructing a groundwater extraction and treatment system, and
a soil cleanup system. The groundwater system consists of 18 extraction wells strategically
located to intercept the contaminated groundwater. Ah underground piping system connects
the extraction wells and transports the extracted groundwater to the treatment facility, where
it will be treated by air stripping. The contaminants will be removed from the water by forcing
air through it, causing the compounds to evaporate. The groundwater also will be treated
with a carbon adsorption treatment system to remove hexavalent chromium. The treated
groundwater will be discharged into the Clam River and possibly to the Beaver-Cadillac'-
Power Plant. In addition, a vapor extraction system will be installed to treat contaminated-
soils at the Kysor plant and contaminated soils will be removed from private property. At the
Kysor plant, the contaminants will be extracted by blowing clean air into the soil^ forcing the
contaminants out as a gas. The gases will be treated before being released into the
atmosphere. A fence will be constructed around the Kysor site to prevent trespassing. /.
Appropriate actions also will be taken to ensure that the contaminated groundwater aquifers
are not used as a source of drinking water. The parties potentially responsible for the site
contamination began construction of the cleanup system in mid-1995. Construction is
scheduled for completion in 1996, at which time the cleanup systems will begin operating.
Environmental Progress
After adding the site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Kysor Industrial Corporation site
while the final cleanup remedy is being built. . .
Site Repository
Cadfflac-Westford Library, 411 South Lake Street, Cadillac, MI 49601
February 1996
KYSOR INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION
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LIQUID DIS
INC.
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID067340711
EPA REGION 5
Macomb County
Shelby Township
Site Description ^
The Liquid Disposal, Inc. (LDI) site covers approximately 7 acres in Shelby Township
between Utica and Rochester. Prior to 1964, the LDI site area was used as a sand and gravel
pit. Landfilling began in 1964. LDI began commercial incinerator operations at the site in
1968. The incinerators were designed for handling volatiles and semi-volatiles, including paint
thinners, sludges, contaminated oils and greases, and any other liquid industrial wastes that
did not contain chromium or cyanide. However, LDI did accept wastes containing these
contaminants. Wastes were stored in a lagoon, underground and aboveground tanks, and
numerous types of drums before incineration. A scrubber lagoon was used for incineration
ash and stormwater runoff. LDI operated for 14 years and was cited for numerous violations,
including fires and improper storage. LDI ceased operations and was permanently closed in
1982 after two people were killed in an industrial accident. Currently, old incinerator parts,
emptied tanks, wooden pallets, miscellaneous containers, and other debris remain on site. The
lagoons' contents have been removed or stabilized, and virtually all storage tanks and _
containers have been removed. A crude leachate collection system along the eastern side of
the site is operational, with a sump pump circulating accumulated liquids back into the .
incinerator pit. The incinerator pit also continues to collect water from surface drainage and
subsurface seepage. The Rochester-Utica State Recreational Area is located adjacent to LDI
and the G & H Landfill NPL site is located about 1 mile away. The site is surrounded by
wetlands, the Clinton River, and the Shadbush Tract Nature Study Area. Approximately
54,000 people reside in the rural area within 3 miles of the site. The local drinking water--for
3,500 people comes from groundwater sources. About 3,200 people live within a mile of the
site, with the nearest residence situated about 1,300 feet away.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82'
Final Date: 09/08/83 :
February 1996
-------
Threats and Contaminants
ZEJ
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
heavy metals. The soil contains VOCs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),
pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals. Stored
contaminants are a fire or explosion hazard. Direct contact with or accidental
ingestion of contaminated groundwater, soil, or leachate could pose a health threat
as well. Surrounding wetlands could be affected by site contamination.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The EPA responded to an accidental spill of hazardous
waste chemicals in 1982 by shutting off equipment and performing initial cleanup
actions. In 1982, heavy rains caused the lagoon level to rise above the liner, "
forcing liquid to seep through the wall and threatening the stability of the dike that had been
built around it. The EPA removed the PCB-contaminated soils outside the facility and "
secured them in anothef facility, lowered the lagoon level 2 feet from the top of the liner,
and removed the oily layer. The waste was stored on site. Liquid was pumped from the
incinerator pit, and the clay barrier preventing dike seepage from reaching the Clinton River ,
was repaired. The dikes were regraded and repaired, and the tanks of flammable chemicals
were secured. In 1983, the EPA drained the lagoonS, removed sludge, capped the lagoons,
and overpacked the drums. The waste oil lagoon caught fire during the solidification process
and, as a result, 500 nearby residents were evacuated. Approximately 1,800,000 gallons.of
liquid and 2,800 cubic yards of sludges were removed from the waste oil lagoons. The EPA
removed all the ash piles and backfilled and capped the waste oil lagoon. Eleven 15-gaUon
packs of acids and isocyanate also were disposed of. In 1985, the EPA removed 100,000
gallons of flammable liquids. All the underground tanks were uncovered, opened, and .
cleaned. Approximately 200 drums were incinerated or landfilled in early 1986. Several
hundred sample jars of hazardous material were removed in 1990.
February 1996
.2.
LIQUID DISPOSAL, INC.
-------
Entire Site: Based on the results of the site investigation by the Michigan
Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), the EPA selected the following
methods for long-term cleanup of the site: on-site disposal of existing debris and
equipment; on-site solidification and fixation of soil and waste; extraction and treatment of
groundwater using air stripping and ion exchange, with discharge of the treated groundwater
into the Clinton River; and construction of a slurry wall and impermeable cap containment
system. Cleanup activities began in late 1992 and are currently in progress. Off-site
excavation has been completed and on-site solidification of soils has begun. All cleanup
actions are expected to be completed in 1996. Although the original remedy decision called
for extraction wells to be installed just to the north and northwest of the site, this component
of the remedy is currently under review by the EPA and MDNR. A recent investigation of
the off-site groundwater shows drastically reduced levels or absence of many of the'
contaminants found in earlier investigations. Since construction of the slurry wall and -
impermeable cap will eliminate the possibility of any future off-site migration of contaminants,
the EPA and MDNR are re-evaluating the necessity of installing off- site contaminants wells;
Once the agencies have reached a final opinion on this issue, the public will be informed and
given a chance to comment.
Site Facts: In February 1982, the MDNR rejected LDI's application for a toxic waste -
handling permit. In April 1982, LDI was forced into involuntary bankruptcy. The company
closed permanently in May 1982.
Environmental Progress
Removing contaminated materials and repairing dikes on the LDI site, along with fencing the
site, have reduced the potential for contact with hazardous materials while final site cleanup
activities continue. . .
Site Repository
Shelby Township Library, 51680 Van Dyke Avenue, Utica, MI 48087
LIQUID DISPOSAL, INC.
February 1996
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KYSOR INDU
CORPORA!
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID04368184&
EPA REGION 5
Wexford County
Cadillac
Other Names:
Kysor Cadillac
Site Description
The Kysor Industrial Corporation site covers approximately 1 square mile in the Cadillac
Industrial Park. The park consists of about 40 industrial facilities, two of which are NPL sites,
Kysor and the Northernaire Plating Company. Kysor Industrial manufactures temperature
control systems for the automotive industry, using a process involving stamping and machining
metal parts. Prior to 1979, 665 cubic yards of liquid/sludge wastes containing solvents were
disposed of in unlined earthen pits on the site. Sampling in 1980 found the groundwater .to be
contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In 1981, Kysor excavated and " "
removed 700 cubic yards of contaminated soil. The excavated areas were backfilled with clean
material. All residences with affected and potentially affected water supplies were connected
to the municipal water supply. Additional sampling in 1983 showed that contamination
remained in the soils. The second NPL site, Northernaire, also has contaminated soil and
groundwater. The groundwater plumes haye intermingled, so that the groundwater under
both sites is contaminated with elements from Northernaire and Kysor. Approximately 10,800
people live within 3 miles of the site; about 5,000 live within 1 mile. The Cadillac area
municipal well field is 2,500 feet northeast of the facility. Lake Cadillac is 3,500 feet away and
the Clam River is within 5,00ft feet. Both of these bodies of water are used for recreational
activities, including fishing. ' : :
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/18/85.
Final Date: 10/04/89
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains VOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE), chloroform, :
toluene, and ethyl benzene, as well as hexavalent chromium. Soil is contaminated
with VOCs, heavy metals, and phenol. People may be exposed to pollutants by
accidentally ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater
or soil. ' ' ,
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The City of Kentwood and Kent County, under EPA supervision,
conducted an investigation to determine the type and extent of contamination at
the landfill. The groundwater, soil, surface water, and sediments of Plaster Creek
were sampled and tested. In early 1991, the EPA selected a remedy, which includes capping
the landfill, incorporating a gas venting and leachate collection system into the cap, extracting
groundwater and treating it at a local wastewater treatment facility, implementing
groundwater use restrictions, and constructing a leachate extraction system. The design of
remedy was completed in early 1994 and all construction activities were completed in the fall
of 1995.
, j '
Site Facts: In 1985, the City of Kentwood and Kent County signed an Administrative Order
on Consent to conduct a study of the site. The municipalities signed a Consent Decree to
conduct the design of the remedy and the cleanup activities in August 1991.
Environmental Progress
All construction of site remedies is complete. Capping the landfill has reduced threats at the
Kentwood Landfill site while final groundwater cleanup activities are taking place.
Site Repository
Kent County Library, Kentwood Branch, 4700 Kalamazoo Avenue, Southeast,
Kentwood, MI 49508
February 1996
KENTWOOD LANDFILL
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MASON GOU
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794465
EPA REGION 5
Mason County
Pere Marguette Township
3 miles south of Lundington
Site Description
The Mason County Landfill site comprises 10 acres of an 18-acre parcel of land and is
located 3 miles south of the town of Lundington in Pere Marquette Township. The landfill
was operated by Acme Disposal for Mason County from 1972 through 1978 and accepted
general refuse, garbage, industrial refuse, liquids, sludges, and industrial wastes. Acme
Disposal was ordered to install additional groundwater wells on the site in 1978. Mason
County covered the landfill with 2 feet of clay in 1979. Afterward, the site and adjacent land
eroded and may have polluted groundwater and nearby Iris Creek. Two years after the
landfill ceased to operate, nearby residents voiced concerns over water quality in Iris Creek.
As a result, a plan was drafted by the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
and the Mason County Department of Public Works (DPW) to control drainage, vent landfill
gas, and monitor groundwater quality. The landfill is located 1 mile east of Lake Michigan. A
wetland located less than 500 feet from the landfill drains into Babbin Pond, the headwaters
of Iris Creek. The area surrounding the site is primarily rural, with a population of
approximately 1,100 people within a 1/2-mile radius of the site who obtain drinking water-
from private wells. Twelve residential wells are located within 3 miles of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and County actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83 '-
Threats and Contaminants
Air located in the landfill gas vents was contaminated with volatile organic -.
compounds (VOCs) including vinyl chloride and benzene. Off-site groundwater in
the monitoring wells contained VOCs and heavy metals including sodium and lead.
Sediments were contaminated with arsenic. Soils, including those in the clay cap,
were contaminated with lead and arsenic. Heavy metals were found in Iris Creek.
Trespassers on site could have been exposed to health risks through direct contact
with contaminated soils and inhalation of airborne materials. People or wildlife
may have come into contact with contaminants that entered the surface water- and
wetlands.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1983 and 1984, Mason County covered the landfill with
clay, graded the land so that it was terraced, constructed storm drains, installed
two surface units in Babbin Pond to allow air into it, and placed 15 gas vents'on
the top of the landfill.
Landfill: The long-term cleanup action chosen by the EPA in 1989 to address the
landfill portion of the site included: covering the landfill with soil and clay
according to Federal hazardous waste management regulations; constructing a
fence around the perimeter of the site; placing deed restrictions on and near the site to.
prohibit the use of shallow groundwater; and continuing the monitoring of groundwater to aid
in the long-term cleanup action for the groundwater and to assess the effectiveness of the
clay and soil cover. Construction of the clay/soil cap was completed in mid-1991.
Groundwater: The EPA conducted an investigation into the nature and extent of
groundwater contamination and the most effective methods of treatment. The
investigation concluded that groundwater contamination levels are below the
EPA's acceptable levels and do not pose a threat to local residents. Therefore, in September
1993, a "no action" remedy was selected for the groundwater at the site. Yearly sampling will
be performed at the site to ensure that the groundwater contamination remains within safety
levels. . . .
Site Facts: In 1978, Acme was ordered by the State to install additional monitoring wells,
analyze water samples, and survey the site. A Consent Order subsequently was issued to
cover the items that remained to be completed when Acme ceased to operate at the site in
1978. In 1981 and 1982, residents filed two suits against the County and Acme. The suits
were settled when Mason County agreed to purchase both properties.
Environmental Progress
Covering and grading the land, constructing storm drains, and venting Babbin Pond and the
landfill have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Mason County
Landfill site. All construction is complete at the site. Investigations show that groundwater
contamination does not pose a threat. Yearly monitoring will be performed at the site to
ensure the long-term.protectiveness of the selected remedies.
Site Repository
February 1996
MASON COUNTY LANDFILL
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Ludington Public Library, 217 East Ludington Street, Ludington, MI 49431
MASON COUNTY LANDFILL
February 1996
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MCGRAW EDISON
CORP.
MICHIGAN
EPA ID#
EPA REGION 5
Calhoun County
Albion
Other Names:
McGraw-Edison Air Comfort Division
Site Description
The McGraw' Edison Corp. site covers 24 acres in Albion. The company manufactured air
conditioners, humidifiers, and similar equipment from 1958 to 1980. From 1970 to 1980,
15,000 gallons of stillbottoms (an oil waste) contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) were
spread on the site's roads to control dust. As a result, TCE has been found in two on-site
wells and in 45 nearby residential wells. The Albion municipal wells also show TCE ...
contamination. Extensive soil contamination also was detected. The plant closed in 1980, and
the site is completely restricted. McGraw Edison was sold to Cooper Industries in 1985.
Approximately 11,000 people reside within 3 miles of the site. Residents in the area depend
on both municipal wells and private wells for drinking water. The Kalamazoo River is located
1/2 mile from the site. The river receives discharge from groundwater purge wells and is used
for recreational activities such as swimming and fishing. '
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, stream sediments, surface water, and soils are contaminated with
TCE. People may be exposed to site-related contaminants if they inhale airborne
materials or ingest or come into direct contact with polluted groundwater, surface
water, soils, or stream sediments. Air quality controls have been established to
eliminate the potential for air contamination.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the entire site and the soil.
Response Action Status
- Immediate Actions: Affected residences were supplied with bottled water and
later were connected to the municipal water supply by McGraw Edison. The
- potentially responsible party removed and disposed of approximately 18,980 cubic
yards of contaminated soils in an approved hazardous waste facility.
Entire Site: A deep aquifer groundwater recovery well has been operating on site
since 1984. Contaminated groundwater is being treated with an air stripper. The
groundwater treatment system for the shallow aquifer consists of 28 purge wells
and a carbon adsorption tank. The wells have been constructed and the system is operational.
Treated groundwater is being discharged, under a Federalpermit, into the Kalamazoo River.
.Groundwater monitoring began in 1990 and will .continue for approximately 40 years before
cleanup standards are met. More than 4 billion gallons of groundwater have been purged
and treated to date.
' x
Soil: Areas of soil containing greater than 10 parts per billion of TCE will be
cleaned during this long-term soil cleanup phase. The selected remedy for the
long-term soil cleanup consists of flushing contaminants from the soil into the
shallow aquifer so contaminants can be recovered using the groundwater purge system. The
system, which includes the temporary receiving ponds, was constructed and granted a
Groundwater Discharge Permit Exemption in May 1991.
Site Facts: In 1984, McGraw Edison signed a Consent Decree with the EPA requiring
McGraw Edison to complete site studies and cleanup activities. Since the facility's purchase
by Cooper Industries, Cooper has re-evaluated and completed the site studies and has
assumed responsibility, for the site cleanup. .
Environmental Progress
By supplying affected residences with a safe drinking water supply and removing much of the
contaminated soil, the potentially responsible parties have reduced the potential for direct
exposure to hazardous materials at the McGraw Edison Corp. site while final soil and
groundwater cleanup is underway.
February 1996
MCGRAW EDISON CORP.
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METAL WORK
SHOP
MICHIGAN
EPA 1D# MID980992952
EPA REGION 5
Benzie County
Lake Ann
Site Description
The Metal Working Shop site covers approximately 2 1/2 acres on a hill between Lake View
and Lake Ann. From 1974 to 1977, the owner of the property finished metals in the shop
using iron phosphate. Two types of rinse waters were generated in an oxidizing phase of the
operation: an acidic rinse (dilute hydrochloric acid), containing iron phosphate, and a caustic
rinse (sodium hydroxide). From 1975 to 1977, effluents from these rinses were mixed to
neutralize them and then dumped onto the ground. According to the owner, 400 gallons per
day were disposed of for 8 to 10 days a month. In 1983, Lake Ann Manufacturing took over
the site. Sampling by the State detected heavy metal salts in the rinses. Groundwater in the
area occurs at shallow depths, and wells draw from the very permeable sand and gravel drift
aquifer. The area residents depend on private wells for drinking water. Approximately 1,000
people reside within 3 miles of the site, and the nearest residence is 600 feet away. Many
other lakes are within 3 miles of the site. . .
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date:, 01/22/87
Final Date: 02/21/90
Deleted Date: 12/23/93
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil were believed to be contaminated with low levels of
volatile organic compounds. However, extensive sampling conducted by the EPA
revealed no contamination above natural levels. Because contamination levels were
very low and the site contaminants were not migrating, no threat to the public or
the environment existed.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1992, the EPA completed an investigation to determine the nature
and extent of contamination, including sampling of monitoring wells, residential
wells, surface and subsurface soils, and lakes. The investigation results showed that
the concentration of contaminants at the site did not pose a threat to public health or th'e
environment. Therefore, EPA determined that no cleanup actions were necessary and deleted
the site from the NPL in December 1992. /
Environmental Progress
The EPA determined that the site does not pose a threat to the surrounding communities or
the environment; therefore, no cleanup actions were required at the Metal Working Shop
site. The site was deleted from the NPL. in December 1992.
Site Repository
Almira Township Office, 7276 Sweet Lake Road, Lake Ann, MI 49650
February 1996
METAL WORKING SHOP
-------
METAMORA
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980506562
EPA REGION 5
Lapeer County
1/2 mile northeast of Metamora
Site Description
The Metamora Landfill site consists of 25 acres on an 160-acre parcel of land located 1/2
mile northeast of Metamora and 35 miles southeast of Flint. The landfill operated from 1955
to 1980, first as a gravel mine and then as a privately owned, unregulated dump. The
amounts of wastes disposed of at the site are unknown. However, it is likely that the previous
owner disposed of waste and drums in unlined pits, which formerly were used for gravel
mining or borrow areas. Fires occurred at the site in 1972 and 1979. Approximately eight
drums were unearthed in Area 1 of the site in 1981. A study conducted by the State in 1982,
concluded that as many as 35,000 drums, some containing liquid waste, could be buried in five
on-site disposal areas. Two areas on site contain approximately 28,000 drums.-The area
surrounding the site is rural. The estimated population of Metamora is 595. Sixteen
residences are located 500 to 1,000 feet to the north of the site and are served by private
wells.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible party actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84 :
Threats and Contaminants
Buried waste materials and soils contain volatile organic compounds.(VOCs) and
pofychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). On-site groundwater is contaminated with VOCs
and heavy metals including arsenic. Because VOCs found in on-site groundwater
move readily and because of the potential for additional leakage from buried waste
materials, private wells in the shallow aquifer, .located 1,000 feet downgradient of
the site, could be affected; however, there is no evidence to suggest that on-site
groundwater contamination has migrated into private drinking water wells.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three long-term remedial phases focusing on source control and
cleanup of the groundwater and landfill area, and subsurface soils.
February 1996
-------
Response Action Status
Source Control: The final cleanup remedy selected by the State and the EPA in
1986 involved excavating and incinerating approximately 28,000 drums in Areas 1
and 4. These actions were completed in 1995.
Groundwater and Landfill Areas: The State, with EPA assistance, conducted
an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination in the groundwater
and the landfill area. The EPA evaluated the study's findings and selected a final
.cleanup remedy in 1990. The selected remedy entails groundwater extraction and treatment
via chemical precipitation and air stripping, and capping of the landfill. A passive gas
collection and flaring system also will be installed. Design of the remedy is Underway and is
expected to be completed in the fall of 1996, at which time final cleanup activities will begin.
Subsurface Soils: A potentially responsible party is conducting-an investigation
into the nature and extent of subsurface soil contamination. During this study, the
two on-site drum burial areas will be investigated and soil borings will be taken.
Once the investigation is completed, scheduled for 1996, a final cleanup remedy will be
selected. While investigations continue, interim design wprk has begun and is expected to be
completed in the fall of 1996.
Site Facts: The EPA sent Special Notice letters to potentially responsible parties in
November 1990. Cost recovery court actions have been initiated by both EPA and MDNR
against non-settling potentially responsible parties.
Environmental Progress
The removal and incineration of drums have reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
material at the Metamora Landfill site while further investigations that will lead to the
selection of cleanup remedies for soil contamination are underway, and the groundwater
remedy is being designed. .
Site Repository
Lapeer County Library, Metamora Branch, 4024 Oak Street, Metamora, MI 48455
Margerite de Angeli Library, 921 West Nepessing St., Lapeer, MI 484462
February 1996
METAMORA LANDFILL
-------
MICHIGAN DISPJOSAL
(CORK STRI
LANDFILL)
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000775957:
EPA REGION 5 '
Kalamazoo County
Kalamazoo
Other Names:
Dispose-O-Waste and Transfer Station
Cork Street Landfill
Site Description =
The Michigan Disposal (Cork Street Landfill) site is a 68-acre landfill located in a
predominantly industrial and commercial area of Kalamazoo. From 1925 to 1961, the site was
operated as a waste disposal facility. In 1961, the City of Kalamazoo purchased the property
and used it for municipal waste disposal until 1968. Prior to 1968, waste was burned in an on-
site incinerator, and the ash was buried in the landfill. Since most waste disposal occurred
prior to the development of local and State regulations, little is known about the exact.types
and amounts of wastes buried in the landfill. The City continued to use the site until 1981,
when Dispose-O-Waste, now Michigan Disposal Service, Inc., purchased the facility. Michigan
Disposal Service, Inc. received a permit from the State of Michigan to operate the site as a
Type ffl landfill and began operations in 1983. Type IE facilities can dispose of wastes such as
construction debris, demolition materials, paper-mill waste, and fly ash. In 1992, the facility
was shut down by State order. The population within a 3-mile radius of the site is ,
approximately 50,000 people. The closest residence is located 1/2 mile from the site.
Approximately 30 private water wells and two municipal water wells operate within 2 miles of
the landfill. The wells provide water for fire protection and are on stand-by status as drinking
water sources. Davis Creek flows along a portion of the eastern site boundary and also flows
into the Kalamazoo River, which is used for recreational purposes.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, local, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84'
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene, xylene, and benzene, and
the heavy metals arsenic and lead were detected in on-site monitoring wells. A
creek adjacent to the site showed elevated levels of lead and iron. Davis Creek
and the Kalamazoo River may be threatened by site contaminants. Potential
health risks exist for individuals who accidentally ingest the contaminated
groundwater or surface water.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: interim actions and a long-term remedial phase_
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Interim Actions: The company placed a 2-foot thick clay cap on 10 acres of the
site and installed monitoring wells and a leachate collection system.
Entire Site: Under EPA oversight, the potentially responsible parties initiated an
investigation in 1987 to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the
site and recommend final cleanup activities. The investigation has included
extensive sampling, an ecological survey, installation of five-additional monitoring wells, and a
pump test on the municipal well stations near the site to determine if local water supplies
were affected by the contamination on site. The study was completed in September 1991, at
which time the final cleanup remedy was selected. The remedy includes placing a solid waste
cap on the entire site and pumping and treating the contaminated groundwater and
discharging it to a publicly-owned treatment facility.
Site Facts: A Consent Decree was signed by the EPA, the City of Kalamazoo, and
Michigan Disposal Service, Inc. in October 1987. The order required the City and the "
company to conduct an investigation of site contamination and additional studies as required
by the EPA.
Environmental Progress
By covering a portion of the landfill, and installing a leachate collection system, the potentially
responsible party has reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants at the Michigan'
Disposal (Cork Street Landfill) site while final site cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Kalamazoo Public Library, 315 South Rose Street, .Kalamazoo, MI 49007
February 1996
MICHIGAN DISPOSAL
(CORK STREET LANDFILL)
-------
MOTOR WHEE
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980702989
EPA REGION 5
Ingham County
Lansing
Site Description
The Motor Wheel, Inc. site is located on the northeastern side of Lansing. This 25-acre site
was used from approximately 1938 to 1978 for the disposal of paints, solvents, and other
wastes generated in the manufacture of wheels for the automotive industry. Wastes were
placed directly on the ground, disposed of in containers, and buried. A clay cap was placed
over a portion of the site in the 1970s. The property was sold to MSV Associates in late 1978
for the purpose of mining sand and gravel. During mining activities, the clay cap was broken
at least once, exposing buried tanks and drums. The exposed material was analyzed and sent
to a local licensed landfill. Paint sludges were removed from a pit, placed in two 10,000-gallon
steel tanks, and reburied on the site. The nearest residences to the site are located
approximately 1/4 mile to the west. The population located within 1/2 mile of the site is 4,725.
Located to the northwest of the site are the Granger and Paulson Street disposal areas, and
to the south, the W.R. Grace property. More than a dozen schools and as many churches,
numerous recreational facilities, a hospital, nine parks, many small businesses, and an armory
are located within 1 mile of the site. Approximately 128 municipal wells serve 147,000 people
in Lansing. . .
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including
toluene and pentachlorophenol (PCP). The site is easily accessible to the public,
and the deep pits created by sand and gravel mining activities present a significant
physical hazard. Ponds also exist in the bottom, of the pits. Potential health risks
exist for individuals who drink or come into contact with the contaminated
groundwater.
Februaiy 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach -
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status '
Immediate Actions: In 1982, before the site was listed on the NPL, two 10,000-
gallon tanks, an additionaltank, and some accompanying soil were removed from
the site. Drums also were removed and disposed of off site in 1988. Additional
drums and containers were removed in 1993. ' .
Entire Site: Under EPA and the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) oversight, the potentially responsible parties initiated an investigation of
the site in 1987. The investigation was completed in 1991 and a remedy was
selected for cleanup. Contaminated groundwater will be extracted and treated and a cap will
be constructed and placed over the waste mass. Design of the remedy is underway, and *
expected to be completed in 1996. . - ' ,
Site Facts:,In October 1987, under the terms of an Administrative Order on Consent,
Motor Wheel, Goodyear, and W.R. Grace agreed to conduct an investigation of the site and
to recommend alternative cleanup remedies. Design of the remedies is being conducted'
under an Administrative Order on Consent signed May 1993. A Consent Decree was lodged
in February 1994 for implementation of the remedy and for recovery of costs.
Environmental Progress
The removal of tanks and contaminated soil reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
waste at the Motor Wheel, Inc. site. The EPA has determined that no other immediate
actions are required while cleanup activities are being designed.
Site Repository
Lansing Public Library, 401 S. Capitol Avenue, Reference Section-Second Floor,
Lansing, MI 48933
February 1996
MOTOR WHEEL, INC.
-------
MUSKEGON
CHEMICAL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID072569510
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Whitehall
Other Names:
Koch Chemical
The Muskegon Chemical Company (MCC) site is used to produce a variety of specialty'..'
chemicals for pharmaceutical and other industries on 12 acres in Whitehall. The company
operated from 1975 to 1986, when it sold the business to the Koch Chemical Company. In'
1981, chemicals were identified in on-site wells. A sump pump and an outside holding tank,
both badly corroded, were the potential sources of contamination. The groundwater seeped
into Mill Pond'Creek downgradient of the site. Over a period of 3 years, MCC installed 40
monitoring wells along the plume of contamination. Monitoring indicated that groundwater
was contaminated. An 8,000-gallon pressurized tank of heptane and other chemical holding
tanks are located on the northern side of the site. The surrounding area is zoned .commercial,
but at present is primarily residential. Approximately 6,400 people obtain drinking water from
public and private wells located within 3 miles of the site. A private well is located 1,250 feet
north of the chemical company. Surface water within 3 miles downstream of the site is used
for recreational activities. Mill Pond and Mill Pond Creek are located 2,500 feet from the
site, and White Lake is 7,000 feet away. ..'":
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90" ''
Threats and Contaminants
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including xylenes entered the groundwater
through on-site soils. A faulty sump pump circulated contaminants onto the ;
grounds around the-facility; subsequently, leaching occurred. Groundwater
contaminants seep onto the banks of Mill Creek and flow directly into Mill Pond
or the creek. Potential health risks exist for individuals.who ingest the
contaminated groundwater. The municipal water systems draw from the aquifer
affected by the groundwater contaminants; however, they draw from outside' the
present zone of contamination. .....
March 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the soils,
and the groundwater and surface water.
Response Action Status
Soils: The potentially responsible party completed an investigation into the.nature
and extent of soil contamination, particularly underneath the plant, and installed a
soil vapor extraction (SVE) system. MCC began operating the SVE system prior
to the State agreeing to this cleanup method; however, MCC has agreed to implement any
changes to the remedy following review by the State.
Groundwater and Surface Water: In 1993, the potentially responsible parties
completed an investigation to determine the nature and extent of groundwater
contamination. During the investigation, an air stripper to treat the groundwater
was installed prior to the State agreeing to the cleanup method. The parties have agreed to
implement any changes to the remedy that the State may have. The air stripper also is
serving to remove the source of contamination of the surface water.
Environmental Progress
The cleanup actions described above are reducing the potential for exposure to contaminants
at the site while the State is reviewing the final site cleanup plans.
Site Repository
Whitehall City Library, 414 East Spring Street, Whitehall, MI 49461
March 1996
MUSKEGON CHEMICAL CO.
-------
NORTH BRO
INDUSTRIAL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID005480900
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Branch County
North Bronson
Other Names:
Bronson Plating Mfg Co.
Bronson WWTP
Branson Residents Well
The North Bronson Industrial Area (NBIA) site in Bronson consists of two lagoon areas and
a county drain which runs adjacent to the lagoons. Several industries in the North Bronson
area discharged plating and other industrial wastes to seepage lagoons between 1939 .and
1949. An industrial sewer system was used to transport plating wastes to both sets of lagoons,
which were owned and maintained by the City of Bronson. In 1949, the lagoons became '
overloaded, and leaks of plating wastes were reported. New lagoons were constructed in
1949. In 1970, Bronson Plating purchased the new lagoons from the City of Bronson and
discharged wastes into.these lagoons untjl 1981. The seepage lagoons are no longer used for
waste disposal; however, they still contain an estimated 3,000 to 5,000 cubic yards of
dewatered metal hydroxide sludges. The majority of the City of Bronson is within a l^mile
radius of the old lagoons at the NBIA site. The area surrounding the site is mixed industrial
and residential, and the area north of the site is primarily rural. The population of the City of
Bronson is approximately 2,270, and the majority of the residents in the area of the site are
connected to the municipal water supply system. An estimated 3,000 people use wells located
within 3 miles of the site as a source of drinking water. The primary supply wells are located
approximately 5,000 feet east of the site and are screened in the upper aquifer. '
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater monitoring wells in the area have shown detectable levels of
trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride, as well as elevated
levels of heavy metals and cyanide. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and metals
such as cadmium have been found in sediment samples downstream of the old
lagoons. Lagoon sludge contains heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, and
lead. Because municipal wells are located upgradient of the site, there is only a
remote chance of site contaminants reaching these wells. Accidental ingestion of or
direct contact with contaminated grpundwater, .sediment, and sludge could pose a
health threat to people in the area.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two phases: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Contaminated private wells have been taken out of service and
alternate water supplies have been provided to the affected residences. :
Entire Site: The EPA initiated an investigation in mid-1987 to determine the
nature and extent of contamination at the site caused by the lagoons and to
determine if other possible sources of contamination existed. The field work
completed to date includes extensive sampling of the soils, sediments, and liquids in and near
the lagoons, as well as limited sampling in the county drain, and sampling on-site
groundwater. The investigation was completed in 1993. Alternative cleanup options to
address the lagoons and the drain are being evaluated at this time, and a final cleanup
decision is scheduled to be selected in the spring of 1996.
Environmental Progress
Taking contaminated private wells out of service and providing alternate water supplies have
reduced the potential for exposure to site contamination while the selection of final cleanup
remedies is underway at the North Bronson Industrial Area site.
Site Repository
Branch County Library ^ Bronson Branch Library, 207 North Mattespn Street,
Bronson, MI 49028 ,
February 1996
NORTH BRONSON INDUSTRIAL AREA
-------
NORTHERN
PLATING
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID020883609
EPA REGION 5
Wexford County
Cadillac
Site Description
Northernaire Plating began operations on this Jl3-acre site in 1971, providing chromium and
nickel-plating finishes to automobile and other metal parts. Problems first surfaced in 1978,
when citizens became concerned over poor drinking water quality from two private wells near
the site. The State Health Department found elevated levels of chromium in the water. The
wells were taken out of service, and the City of Cadillac extended water service to the '
affected residents. The State requested that Northernaire investigate the well contamination
and resolve issues concerning possible sewer line leaks and waste containment. In 1978,"the
City revoked the company's wastewater discharge permit and plugged the connection to the
City's sewer system. Subsequently, Northernaire stored its wastewater in tanks, which were
removed by truck for off-site disposal. The company ceased operations in 1981, leaving waste
materials and. drummed chemicals outside the building. In 1982, the unsecured waste
materials burned two children playing at the unfenced site. The State immediately moved the
drums into the building for safety. The area surrounding the site is primarily industrial, with a
few private residences located in the immediate area. The Kysor Industrial Corp. NPL site is
also located nearby. A mobile home park is located approximately 500 feet from the site.
Many private wells surround the facility. A municipal well field is located 1/4 mile from the
site. For additional information, please see the separate listing for Kysor Industrial Corp.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
ZEJ
Groundwater is contaminated with heavy metals such as cadmium and chromium.
Prior to cleanup, soil contained heavy metals and sediments were contaminated
with cadmium, chromium, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). People who
trespassed on the site and accidentally ingested or came into direct contact with
contaminated soil or sediment may have been exposed to pollutants,. Drinking,or
coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater may pose a health
threat.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: emergency actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on source control and groundwater cleanup.
Response Action Status
Emergency Actions: In 1983, 3,450 gallons of acid, 5,402 gallons of cyanide-
bearing wastes, 160 drums of cyanide wastes, and 5,000 gallons of waste
hypochlorite used to treat cyanide contamination were removed from the site.
Approximately 120 feet of the plating facility's sewer line were also removed. Equipment was
removed from the building, and the building was steam cleaned.
Source Control: In 1985, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the source of
the contamination, which featured: excavating soils and sewer line sediments and
disposing of them at a federally-approved facility; cleaning the dust and residue off
the floor of the facility; breaking up an area of concrete floor and the drywall in the building,
sampling the soil underneath, and excavating and disposing of it off site as necessary; and
backfilling all excavated areas with clean soil. The State finished all the.cleanup actions-in
1989, wfth the exception of the disposal of the concrete floor and pad, which was completed
in 1991. -
' '
Groundwater: Because the groundwater beneath this site has intermingled with
groundwater from another NPL site, the Kysor Industrial Corp. site, the remedy
for groundwater cleanup will address both the Kysor and Northernaire sites. In
1989, the EPA selected a remedy to clean up the sites by constructing a groundwater .'
extraction and treatment system. This system consists of 18 extraction wells strategically
located to intercept contaminated groundwater. An underground piping system interconnects
the extraction wells and transports the extracted groundwater to the treatment facility, where
it will be treated by air stripping. The groundwater also will be treated by a carbon adsorption
treatment .system to remove hexavalent chromium. The treated groundwater will be
discharged into the Clam River and possibly,to the Beaver-Cadillac Power Plant. Appropriate
action also will be taken to ensure that current or future landowners do not use the
contaminated groundwater aquifers as a source of drinking water. The parties potentially
responsible for site contamination began construction of the cleanup system in mid-1995.
Construction is scheduled to be completed in the spring of 1996. The system will begin-
operating shortly thereafter. . ,
Environmental Progress
The removal of hazardous wastes from the site has reduced the potential for exposure-to
contaminated wastes and drums at the Northernaire Plating site while groundwater cleanup
actions are underway.
February 1996, ,
NORTHERNAIRE PLATING
-------
Site Repository I
Cadillac-Westford Library, 411 South Lake Street, Cadillac, MI 49601
NORTHERNAIRE PLATING
February 1996
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NOVACO IND
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID084566900
EPA REGION 5
Monroe County
Temperance
Site Description
The 2^-acre Novaco Industries site was an active tool and die manufacturing and repair
facility that used chromic acid to plate auto part molds. In 1979, a tank at the site leaked an
unknown quantity of acid into the ground. Soon thereafter, chromium was discovered in the
site's well and in the well used by the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Post 9656. A year
later, chromium was detected in a residential well. Novaco began cleanup actions a month
after the spill was detected. The site consists of Novaco Industries, the VFW post, and the
Moyer residential property. Approximately 85 residences and businesses are located within %
mile of the site. ' ,
Site Responsibility: This site was addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater samples from the shallow aquifer contained low levels of chromium;
Chromium contamination was not found in monitoring wells or residential wells
located in the deep aquifer. Ingestion of contaminated groundwater was the.,only
potential health risk at the site, although this was considered unlikely. Testing has
revealed that the level of contamination is below Federal drinking water standards.
The two domestic wells that are located in. the shallow aquifer have been
abandoned.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Following an investigation of groundwater contamination at the site
between 1983 and 1986, the EPA selected the following remedies: extracting and
treating approximately 36 million gallons of groundwater; discharging treated water
into Indian Creek; monitoring groundwater for 30 years; and plugging and abandoning 15
groundwater monitoring wells. The EPA began design of the remedy in 1987. In 1988, the
Army Corps of Engineers conducted a pump test and collected groundwater samples. Analysis
of these samples indicated that the chromium concentrations had fallen below the Federal
drinking water standard. The EPA canceled its construction work on the original remedy but
continues to monitor the groundwater. In 1989, the chromium levels were still below drinking
water standards, and additional soil testing indicated levels below public health standards.
Therefore, no further actions are required except for continued site monitoring to ensure the
long-term safety of the site.
Environmental Progress
No construction is anticipated at this site. The groundwater and soil samples taken at the
Novaco Industries site indicate that the low level of contamination that currently exists at the
site does not pose a threat to nearby residents and the environment. The EPA will continue,
however, to monitor the groundwater to ensure long-term safety standards are maintained.
Site Repository
Monroe County Public Library, Bedford Branch, 8575 Jackman Road, Temperance, MI 48182
February 1996
NOVACO INDUSTRIES
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ORGANIC
CHEMICALS,
MICHIGAN
EPA 1D# MID990858003
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Grandville
Beginning in the early 1930s, the 20-acre Organic Chemicals, Inc. (OCI) site was used to
refine, transport, and store petroleum. A succession of petroleum-related industries operated
on the property until it was purchased in 1968 by the Spartan Chemical Company. Spartan
bought the property to be used by its subsidiary, Organic Chemical Company (now Organic
Chemicals, Inc.), and in 1979, OCI became the owner of the property. Operations at the site
included recycling approximately 100,000 gallons of used solvents each month and
manufacturing small amounts of chemicals used in Pharmaceuticals and industry. In May
1991, OCI stopped operation. Process waste and cooling water from OCI's operations were
discharged to a seepage pond from approximately. 1968 to 1980. In 1979, OCI reported to the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) that there had been chemical spills on
the property. OCI closed the seepage pond in 1980 and installed a wastewater treatment
facility, which discharges treated water into the municipal sewer system. The site is in a
wetlands area, and there are lakes and ponds downgradient from the site. Approximately"
2,850 people live within 1 mile of the site, and 9,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. All
residences are connected to the Grandville municipal water system and use municipal water
for drinking and cooking. ,
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83 '
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil under a
cooling pond showed slight :,cbntamination. People could be exposed to hazardous
substances from the site by accidentally ingesting, or coming into direct contact
with, contaminated groundwater or soil. The site is located in a wetland.area", and
lakes and ponds down-gradient from the site may become contaminated. *
February 19,96
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^S Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the shallow groundwater and other areas.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, OCI removed sludges that had accumulated at a
former cooling water pond and filled the pond with clean material. In 1987, OCI
excavated and removed approximately 150 drums from the site. OCI classified all
wastes from the drums as paint sludges and disposed of them as hazardous waste.
Shallow Groundwater: The EPA conducted an extensive study of the
groundwater contamination in the shallow aquifer using the information that OCI
collected during its initial site investigation. The EPA drilled and installed 23
monitoring wells on site and off site as part of the study. The study was completed in 1991,
and the final remedy selected includes carbon adsorption of the contaminated shallow
groundwater. The potentially responsible parties have completed the design for the carbon
adsorption system. Construction of the system is scheduled to be completed in 1996.
Other Areas: The EPA is conducting an additional investigation addressing soil
contamination, contamination in the lower groundwater system, and oil-related
contamination. Test pits dug on site revealed extensive oil contamination, probably
due to the refinery operation and bulk storage terminal. This phase of the investigation is
scheduled for completion in 1996, at which time a remedy will be selected.
Site Facts: In 1986, the MDNR investigated a complaint that OCI personnel were illegally
disposing hazardous wastes at the facility. As a result of this investigation, the EPA cited the
company for violations regarding the handling and disposal of hazardous wastes. In 1987, OCI
voluntarily conducted an investigation of the site in cooperation with the MDNR.
Environmental Progress
The removal of sludges and drums has reduced the potential for exposure to hazardous
materials at the Organic Chemical, Inc. site while additional studies and cleanup activities are
taking place.
Site Repository
Grandvflle Public Library, 3141 Wilson Avenue, Grandville, MI 49418
Februaiy 1996
ORGANIC CHEMICALS, INC.
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OSSINEKE
GROUNDWA
CONTAMINATION
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794440
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Alpena County
Ossineke
The 11-acre Ossineke Groundwater Contamination site resulted from a series of unrelated-
spills and incidents that contaminated the groundwater of local residents within the LaBell
subdivision. These incidents included leaking underground storage tanks, accidental spills of
fuel on the ground, and suspected releases of fuel and other organic compounds into the
ground. A second potential source was a laundry/dry cleaning facility and its wash-water pond.
Contamination was first detected in 1977 when the Alpena District Health Department
(ADHD) began receiving complaints of odors in the drinking water of residents near the site.
The ADHD and the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) discovered that five
residential wells in the area were contaminated with petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
These contaminated wells all drew water from the shallow aquifer below the site. Between
1979 and 1984, the MDPH and local residents replaced 14 wells that were contaminated and
replaced them with ones that drew groundwater from a deeper aquifer under the site. In
1982, additional contamination problems surfaced when gasoline odors in the basements of
two local businesses were reported. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) studied the site in 1984 to determine the potential source of contamination.
Groundwater monitoring wells and soil gas surveys detected various petroleum products "and
chlorinated hydrocarbons in the shallow aquifer under the site. The study pinpointed three
areas where the sources of groundwater contamination appear to be located: the Barn (a gas
and convenience store), the Marathon Service Station, and an area southwest of the *,
intersection of Alphonse and LaRose streets. A 5-acre wetland is located 1/2 mile from .the
site, while Devils River is 3/4 mile from the site. Approximately 1,140 people live within a 3-
rnile radius of the Marathon Gas Station. .
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, local, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83 -
Deletion Date: 01/31/96
1
March 1996
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Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater under the site contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are
petroleum related. Currently, no residents are obtaining drinking water from
contaminated groundwater. However, people could be exposed to hazardous
chemicals through accidental ingestion of or direct contact with groundwater.
Wetlands located 1/2 mile from the site may also be threatened.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Fourteen wells that showed traces of contamination were
replaced by the State and local residents from 1979 to 1984.
Entire Site: In 1987, the EPA began an investigation into the nature and extent
of site contamination. The EPA took samples of the groundwater, surface water,
sediments, air, and soil gases to clearly define the sources of contamination- and
the extent of the problem. The investigation, completed in early 1991, determined that .the
source of contamination was from leaking underground storage tanks. Based on these ,
findings, the cleanup of this site was turned over to the EPA's Underground Storage Tank
(UST) program and has been deleted from the NPL. ' _ / . -
Site Facts: As of late 1995, under the UST program, five underground storage tanks and
piping were removed from the site. Negotiations are underway with the potentially .v
responsible party to clean up of the remainder of that area. At the Marathon area,
monitoring will be conducted to determine if further cleanup actions-are necessary. The UST
program is working closely with the State to accomplish cleanup activities at the Ossineke
Groundwater Contamination site.
Environmental Progress
Replacement of contaminated wells has reduced the potential for exposure of nearby
residents to site-related contaminants from the Ossineke Groundwater Contamination site
while cleanup activities are being conducted under the EPA's UST program. The Ossineke
Groundwater Contamination,site has been deleted from the NPL.
March 1996
OSSINEKE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
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Site Repository
NBD Aipena Bank, 11686 US Highway 23, South, Ossineke, MI 49766
'OSSINEKE GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION 3
March 1996
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OTT/STORY/
CHEMICAL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID060174240
DOVA
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Datton Township
Other Names:
Ott Story & Corn Products
Chemical Company
Cordova Chemical Company
of Michigan
Site Description
The 20-acre Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Co. site is a former chemical plant surrounded by
wooded land. Since the 1950s, the Ott, Story, and Cordova chemical companies owned and
operated three separate chemical plants on the same property. The chemical plants used
various synthetic and organic chemicals to manufacture drugs, veterinary medicines,
agricultural chemicals, and other similar materials. Wastes from the chemical manufacturing
processes were placed in unlined lagoons and stored in drums on the property. Ott Chemical
began producing chemicals at the site in 1957. The company's improper storage and handling
of wastes resulted in contaminated groundwater and soils. Ott Chemical, under a license from
the Michigan Water Resources Commission, also discharged purged water to-Little-Bear
Creek, but discontinued the practice in 1967 when area residents noticed odors and adverse
effects on aquatic life. Story Chemical took over the site in 1972, and by the time it went
bankrupt in 1976, thousands of drums filled with chemical wastes were stockpiled on site. A
plume of contaminants traveled at least 1 mile to an unnamed tributary of Little Bear .Creek.
The plume contaminated the tributary, the creek, and several private wells in the area.
Cordova Chemical bought the property in 1977 and continued to produce a limited number
of petro-chemical products, but ceased all chemical manufacturing operations in 1985. "
Approximately 3,500 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site and use groundwater as
their source of potable water. A tributary of adjacent Little Bear Creek drains into Bear
Creek, which flows into Muskegon Lake.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soil on and near the site contain various volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Surface water and sediments are contaminated with VOCs as
well as semivolatile compounds and pesticides. People could be exposed to site-
related contaminants by ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated
groundwater, soil, sediments, or surface water.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in four stages: immediate actions and three long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the groundwater, aquifer restoration, and soil/sediment
cleanup.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
cleaned up the surface of the site in 1978, removing 2,000 containers, 8,000 cubic
yards of sludge, and contaminated soils from waste ponds on the property.
Further investigations in 1978 found tanks of highly toxic phosgene gas, which the State
neutralized and disposed of via an agreement with the new site owner. VOCs also were
found in residential wells near the .site. A permanent water supply was installed. All
aboveground drums were removed from the site and a municipal water line was extended to
residences with wells that were contaminated. Unused buildings, including the pilot plaint, an
incinerator, and four production buildings on the site were dismantled and disposed of at an
off-site location., "
' ' * **
Groundwater: The EPA completed a study of the site and concluded that
contamination of surface water and sediments near Little Bear Creek and its
tributary resulted from groundwater seeping into these surface water bodies. The
EPA selected the following remedies for cleanup of the groundwater: installing groundwater
extraction wells near a surface water body and the unnamed tributary; constructing a
groundwater treatment plant on site to treat the groundwater pumped from the well; treating
the groundwater; and discharging the treated groundwater into the North Branch of the
;Muskegeon River. Design of the remedies was completed in 1993. Construction of. the
cleanup remedies is scheduled to be completed in 1996.
Aquifer Restoration: Based on the results of an investigation completed in 1990,
the EPA selected a remedy for aquifer restoration that includes installation and
operation of extraction wells, a purge and treatment system at points throughout
the aquifer, and a groundwater monitoring system. Groundwater will be treated in an attempt
to meet Federal-State discharge standards. Data on the extent of groundwater contamination
from extraction and monitoring wells will be used to ensure that the entire contaminated
groundwater plume is treated.,Design of the remedies was completed in 1993, and
construction is scheduled to be completed in 1996. ..
Soil/Sediment: Based on the results of an investigation completed in 1993, the
EPA selected a cleanup remedy for the soil and sediment contamination that
includes, excavation of approximately 7 cubic yards of contaminated soil and
sediments, and on-site treatment using low temperature thermal desorption. Design of the
remedy was completed in 1995, and construction is underway.
February 1996
OTT/STORY/CORDOVA CHEMICAL CO.
-------
Site Facts: In 1968, the State ordered Ott Chemical to stop all direct discharges of process
wastewaters into the groundwater and to treat its wastewater before discharge into the
Muskegon River. In 1977, the MDNR ordered Story Chemical to clean up the site, control
pollution to the groundwater, and replace water supplies for 50 households. Cordova
Chemical entered into a Consent Order with the State after it purchased the property in
1977. In an August 1991 Federal District Court decision, certain parties potentially
responsible were found liable for cleanup actions at the site.
Environmental Progress
Removing drums and other contaminated materials and providing an alternate water supply
has reduced the risk of exposure to contamination at the Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Co.
site while final cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Walter Memorial Library, 1522 Ruddiman Avenue, .North Muskegon, MI 49445
OTT/STORY/CORDOVA CHEMICAL CO.
February 1996
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PACKAGING C
OF AMERICA
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID98079474
^~->^&-«,
EPA REGION 5
Manistee County
Filer City
Site Description
The 50-acre Packaging Corporation of America (PCA) site was a waste disposal area that
contained eight lagoons. PCA and its prior owner, American Box Board Company (ABBCo),
operated a'pulping mill to produce materials for corrugated boxes. ABBCo first began this
pulping process in 1949 and directly discharged spent cooking liquor into the Manistee Lake.
This dumping severely reduced the level of oxygen in the lake and killed fish before the
discharge was stopped in 1951. ABBCo then began discharging the spent cooking liquor into
a series of unlined seepage lagoons located 1/2 mile east of side of Manistee Lake. Wastes
from the lagoons percolated into the underlying shallow aquifer, discoloring and
contaminating the groundwater. In 1959, ABBCo merged with Central Fibre Products
Company & Ohio Box Board Company to form a new corporation, PCA. Between 1951'and
1976, approximately 7 billion gallons of wastewaters were discharged to the seepage lagoons.
In 1972, PCA began operating a secondary wastewater treatment plant to treat wastes before
discharging them into Lake Michigan. By 1974, PCA completely phased out discharging waste
products into the lagoons. Of the eight lagoons that remain at the site, PCA used one a's a
landfill for solid waste. Approximately 10,200 people live within a 3-mile radius of the lagoons.
A Martin-Marietta plant, located to the west of the site over the plume of contaminated
water, formerly used groundwater for drinking and industrial purposes. The contaminant.
plume discharges into Manistee Lake. The Manistee River connects the lake with Lake
Michigan, located 3 miles from the plume. .
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82.
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater contains phenols and heavy metals including chromium and lead.
People in the area of the site could be exposed to hazardous contaminants through
the groundwater. Manistee Lake is receiving and will continue to receive most of
the contaminant plume from the PCA site. The lake supports a fishery. There is
evidence that the dewatered lagoons and their surrounding areas are used for '
'hunting and by recreational vehicles. . ;
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
EPA has determined that conditions at the PCA site pose no current or potential
unacceptable risk to human health or the environment. Therefore, long-term cleanup actions
will not be undertaken by EPA at this site. ,
i ,,.-
Response Action Status '
Entire Site: Based on an investigation completed in 1993, the EPA determined
that conditions at the PCA site pose no current or potential unacceptable risk to
human health or the environment. While the site does appear to exhibit elevated
levels of heavy metals and some organic compounds, calculations of potential future risk
indicate that the contamination will not adversely affect human health or the environment.
Therefore, a remedy of "no action" was selected. The EPA also issued a public health
moratorium prohibiting future well drilling into the contaminated groundwater. Should this
control fail, the groundwater itself is dark brown in color and has a strong odor and taste,
therefore precluding it from being used as a drinking water source. Approximately 95 percent
of the contaminated plume has already vented into Manistee Lake. Studies indicate "that the
plume is actually shrinking and private wells in East Lake and Stronach are not contaminated
or threatened. The contaminants are not expected to pose a long-term concern for the lake.
The EPA will, however, continue to monitor Manistee Lake and the contaminants in the
groundwater until the contaminated plume has fully discharged into the lake. The potentially
responsible party for the site, under EPA supervision, completed the first year of groundwater
and surface water monitoring in mid-1995.
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no cleanup actions were required at the Packaging Corporation of America
site. Most of the contaminated plume has discharged into Mantisee Lake. The EPA will.
continue to monitor the Lake until the plume has fully discharged.
Site Repository
Manistee County Library, 95 Maple Street, Manistee, MI 49660
Stronach Township Hall, 2471 Main Street, Stronach, MI 49660
February 1996
PACKAGING CORP. OF AMERICA
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PARSONS Ch
WORKS, INC.
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980476907
EPA REGION 5
Eaton County
Grand Ledge
Other Names:
Parsons/ETM Enterprise
Site Description
The Parsons Chemical Works, Inc. site covers 6% acres of land in Oneida Township, near
Grand Ledge. Parsons Chemical.Works engaged in mixing, manufacturing, and packaging
agricultural chemicals from 1945 until 1979, when the plant was closed. In the mid-1950s,
Parsons installed a septic tank and tile field system to handle its sewage and wastewaters. A
floor drain discharged wastewater from the building to the soils outside. The tank/tile system
was connected to a storm drain on site, which discharged to an unnamed stream that merges
with -the Grand River. Materials handled during Parsons' operation included pesticides,
herbicides, solvents, and mercury-based compounds. Concerns arose in 1979 and 1980, when
the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) collected sediment samples from a
creek on site and the Grand Ledge ditch, located on the northern boundary of the site. The
MDNR analyzed the water from these samples and found lead, mercury, arsenic, arid
pesticides including chlordane, dioxin and DDT. ETM Enterprises, a manufacturer of
fiberglass, purchased the property in 1979 and carried out a study to determine the source of
contamination at the site. The septic tank and leach field, which lead from the site to a catch
basin in the county drain system, were identified as the sources of contamination. In 1983,
ETM excavated the area and disposed of the septic tank and the soil in the leach field. As
part of the National Dioxin Study, the EPA targeted the Parsons site for dioxin screening in
1984. Samples collected in this study revealed the presence of various dioxins in sediments of
the Grand Ledge ditch and in the sediments that were discharged to the drainage tile on the
site. In 1985, the MDNR and the Michigan Department of Health fenced off the areas that
were contaminated. ETM continues to operate the facility, but the fenced and unused areas
of the site have extensively eroded. Contaminants in this area have continued to migrate
from the site to the unnamed creek and Grand River. About 11,000 people obtain drinking
water from three Grand Ledge municipal wells or private wells located within 3 miles df the
site. Groundwater near the site is shallow, and geologic conditions there make it easy for
contaminants to move into the groundwater. People in the area use the river for recreational
activities.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 03/31/89
February 1996
-------
Threats and Contaminants
Sediments and soils contain dioxin, heavy metals including lead, mercury, and
arsenic, and pesticides including DDT, dieldrin, and chlordane. The-continued
migration of contaminants presents a threat to public health and the environment.
In 1983, studies conducted by the MDNR and the EPA attributed low levels of
dioxin and chlordane in fish collected from the creek and Grand River. Also, the
possibility exists that the food chain in the Grand River is contaminated, because
of contaminants found in the fish. ;
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: In response to the discovery of dioxin contamination in 1985, the
MDNR and the Michigan Department of Health fenced the contaminated areas.
In 1990, contaminated soils were removed. Treatment and removal of these "and
additional soils was completed in 1994; however, a second removal action is currently
underway to treat additional contaminated soil.
Entire Site: In 1992, the EPA began a detailed study of the nature and extent of
contamination at the site and examined alternative methods for cleanup. The
EPA is performing treatability studies to determine the effectiveness of in-situ
vitrification. In-situ vitrification has been performed on the first 3,000 cubic yards of
contaminated soil as a treatability study. Currently, sampling of adjacent soils is taking place
to determine the extent of soil contamination. Results of these studies will lead to the
selection of a final long-term cleanup remedy for the site. .
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil and fencing of contaminated areas has reduced the threat
to human health and the environment while additional investigations are taking place at the
Parsons Chemical Works Inc. site.
Site Repository
Februaiy 1996
PARSONS CHEMICAL WORKS, INC.
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Grand Ledge Public Library, 131 East Jefferson Street, Grand Ledge, MI 48837
PARSONS CHEMICAL WORKS, INC.
February 1996
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PLATING CO!
MICHIGAN
EPAID#MID006031348
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Muskegon Township
Site Description
The Peerless Plating Co. site covers 1 acre of an abandoned electroplating facility located in
Muskegon. Electroplating operations were carried out at the plant from 1937 to 1983. Toxic,
corrosive, reactive, and flammable chemicals were used in the electroplating process. The
plant discharged its wastewaters into three unlined seepage lagoons at the back of the facility.
The wastewaters contained heavy metals and were highly acidic or basic. When the plant
closed in 1983, it was abandoned, and plating solutions, raw materials, and drummed waste
remained throughout the facility. In 1983, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) discovered that drains inside one of the buildings, did not connect with the site's
sanitary sewer or wastewater treatment system; instead, the wastes drained directly onto the
ground. The State also discovered drums on site. In 1983, the Michigan Department of Public
Health detected hydrocyanic acid gas in the facility's atmosphere. The owner's failure to take
immediate action to remove the gas prompted the State to contact the EPA to assist in
reducing the threat to public health caused by the gas. The surrounding area is mixed ..
residential, commercial, and light industrial development. Approximately 3,350 people Hve
within a 3-mile radius of the site. Seven schools, a hospital, and a correctional facility are
located within 1 mile. The nearest residence is located within 600 feet of the site, and a
mobile home park is located 1/2 mile to the southwest. Approximately 1,500 people Obtain
drinking water from private wells operating within a 3-mile radius. The city uses the shallow
aquifer as the only groundwater alternative to the municipal water supply that draws from
Lake Michigan. By 1988, all private wells operating within a
1/2-mile radius were abandoned and replaced by the municipal water main. Little Black Creek
flows to the southeast and empties into Mona Lake, 2 miles downstream from the site. The
EPA has found site-related contaminants in Little Black Creek. However, other contaminant
sources exist upstream and have appeared to contribute to this contamination of Little Black
Creek.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 08/30/90 .
February 1996
-------
Threats and Contaminants
The shallow groundwater and soil on site contain heavy metals including cadmium
and chromium, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene
(TCE), benzene, and xylene, and cyanide. Sediments in streams and surface waters
both on and off the site are contaminated with cadmium, arsenic and lead. People
could be exposed to hazardous chemicals from the site through direct contact with,
or accidental ingestion of, contaminated groundwater, soil, streams, and surface
waters.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In the fall of 1983, the EPA removed 37,000 gallons of
sulfuric, nitric, and chromic acids; cyanide plating solution; chromium plating
solution; hydrochloric acid; and trichloroethane. The EPA also drained the
lagoons; removed soil from the lagoon areas; cleaned the interior of the building; .
decontaminated vats, lines, and tanks; sealed sewer lines; neutralized cyanide and nitric acid
on site; and transported hazardous materials to a federally-regulated facility. In 1991, the
EPA removed approximately 2,500 gallons of liquids containing heavy metals and cyanide
from an on-site tank. In addition, the potentially responsible parties eliminated immediate
sources of contamination, encapsulated asbestos insulation from an oven, and fenced the site.
Entire Site: In 1989, the EPA began a study of the nature and extent of
contamination at the site, focusing on the groundwater, soil, and the effect of
site-related contaminants on surface waters. In 1992, the study was completed and
a remedy was selected. It called for the treatment of contaminated soils through in-situ
vapor extraction of the organic compounds and stabilization of the inorganic compounds.
The treated soils will be disposed of off-site in a licensed hazardous waste facility. The
contaminated groundwater will be treated by air stripping the VOCs and precipitation'of the
inorganic compounds. This remedy is currently being designed and is expected to be
completed in 1996.
Site Facts: In June 1983, State and local authorities took regulatory action against the
owner of the facility, which resulted in the closing of the facility.
February 1996
PEERLESS PLATING CO.
-------
Environmental Progress
Draining the lagoon and removing hazardous liquids and soils have reduced the potential for
direct exposure to contaminants on the Peerless Plating Co. site. Soil and groundwater
cleanup remedies have been selected and are currently being designed.
Site Repository
Norton Shores Branch Library, 705 Seminole Road, Muskegon, Ml 49442
PEERLESS PLATING CO.
February 1996
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PETOSKEY
WELL FIELD
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID006013049
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Emmet County
Petoskey
Other Names:
Petoskey Manufacturing Co., Inc.
The Petoskey Municipal Well Field provides drinking water for the residents of Petoskey,
Michigan. The Ingalls Shore Municipal Well, one of only two wells serving the municipal
water system, provides 60 to 70 percent of the City's water and is located about 200 yards
northwest of the Petoskey Manufacturing Company (PMC), the suspected source of
contamination of the well field. Water from the City of Petoskey's Ingalls Municipal Well
contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs), primarily trichloroethylene (TCE), from the
PMC site. A groundwater contaminant plume has migrated from PMC to the well, where it
is being drawn into the city's water supply system. The contaminated Ingalls Well is .still
being used to service the population of Petoskey. PMC has operated a die casting plant at
this location since 1946 and a painting operation since the mid- to late 1960s. Disposal of
spent solvents and paint sludge on the ground surface outside the PMC building has
contaminated soils and groundwater in the vicinity of the site. Soils at the PMC .facility
contain high levels of VOCs and semi-VOCs and elevated levels of metals. There are
approximately 7,000 people living within a 3-mile radius of the site. The population during
the summer months increases to about 11,000. A high school, college, and hospital receive
water from the municipal supply system. Three private wells are operating about & mile west
of the contaminated municipal well. The nearest residence is located less than 250 feet from
the site. . '.-'
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible,parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed. Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater at the site contains VOCs, including TCE. Soils at the site contain
VOCs, semi-VOCs, pesticides, and elevated levels of metals. People may have
been exposed to hazardous chemicals from the site by drinking or coming into
direct contact with contaminated water from the contaminated municipal well.
People could be exposed to hazardous chemicals at the Petoskey Municipal Well
Field site by touching or ingesting contaminated soil at the PMC facility.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site. ', . .'
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1981, analysis of the soil samples obtained from the area
west of the PMC building indicated the presence of elevated levels of VOCs. In
1982, at the direction of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR), PMC removed approximately 131 cubic yards of'contaminated soil, backfilled'the
excavation, and capped it with a polymembrane liner. The MDNR conducted a groundwater
study in 1982 and 1983. The study confirmed the presence of groundwater contamination
and found that local groundwater flowed from the PMC site toward the Ingalls water supply
well when the well was pumping. -
Entire Site: In 1987, PMC began an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination and evaluate cleanup alternatives to address the
contamination. The MDNR took over the study in 1990 after PMC declared
bankruptcy. In 1995, the-EPA issued an interim remedy for the Ingalls Municipal Well,
recommending installation of an air-stripper to address VOC contamination. In addition, the
interim remedy will provide funds to the city to help provide an alternate water supply. "The
interim remedy is currently being evaluated. The selection of a final cleanup remedy will
follow. . ;
Site Facts: Petoskey Manufacturing Company removed the most highly contaminated soils
at MDNR's direction. The EPA issued Petoskey Manufacturing Company an Administrative
Order in 1984, requiring the company to carry out additional hydrogeologic studies near its
property. The company signed, a Consent Order in 1987 to carry out a complete study .of the
site; however, Petoskey Manufacturing Company has filed for bankruptcy and the State has
taken over the investigation.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated soil from the Petoskey Manufacturing property has reduced the
potential for continued contamination of the Petoskey Municipal Well Field site while the
selection of the final cleanup remedy is underway.
Site Repository
Petoskey Public library, 451 East Mitchell Street, Petoskey, MI 49770
February 1996
PETOSKEY MUNICIPAL WELL FIELD
-------
RASMUSSEN:
MICHIGAN
EPAID#M1D095402210
EPA REGION 5
Livingston County
Green Oak Township
Site Description
The Rasmussen's Dump site, previously a sand and gravel pit area used as a dump, is located
on 35 acres in Green Oak Township. The dump was unlicensed and was known to have
accepted both domestic and industrial solid and liquid wastes. The dump operated from- the
1960s until 1972, when the Livingston County Health Department closed the site. During the
1970s, the northwestern section of the site was used as a gravel mine. In 1979, mining -. "~
operations uncovered drums buried in an old dump area. In 1983, two piles of 1,500 to 2,000
drums were observed on site. Several hundred people live within 1 mile of the site. More than
l,80p people live within 3 miles of the landfill and use groundwater as a drinking water-
source. There are approximately 250 wells operating within 1 mile of the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30782
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
A plume of contaminated groundwater extends to the northwest from the dump.
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Soil.
sampling by the State revealed pofychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and organics
contamination near a drum pile on the eastern side of the site. In 1985, the State
installed a fence around the site to eliminate the health risks from accidental
ingestion of and direct contact with contaminated soils and groundwater. .
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the EPA constructed an access road to assist in
site cleanup actions. Drums were excavated and transferred to a staging area on
the site, where they were opened and sampled. Soil that was mixed in with the
excavated drums was stockpiled in a lined area. Wastes were separated, and all liquid wastes
were bulked and transported off site for disposal at federally-approved disposal facilities. Solid
and semi-solid drummed waste was shredded. All solids and shredded solids were stockpiled,
and the former drum pile and staging areas were resampled. All contaminated soils were
removed, and clean fill was spread over a large portion of the landfill to eliminate the
problem of drifting and blowing debris created by excavation of the landfill's surface cap.
Approximately 344 tons of PCB solids, 400 gallons of base-neutral liquids, 800 gallons of
flammable liquids, 1,720 cubic yards of contaminated soils and solids, and 3,000 empty drums
were disposed of off site at EPA-approved facilities. In 1985, a security fence was installed
around the site. In 1989, under EPA supervision, 11 of the potentially responsible parties
excavated, analyzed, and disposed of surface and buried drums, associated wastes, and;
contaminated soils. These actions were completed in 1990.
Entire Site: The State, with EPA assistance, has conducted an investigation into
the nature and extent of the contamination at the site. Based on the results of this
investigation, completed in early 1991, the EPA has chosen a cleanup remedy that
includes extracting, treating, and reinjecting groundwater, monitoring groundwater, capping
the landfill portion of the site, disposing of any drums unearthed during capping, and adding
fencing and deed restrictions as necessary. Groundwater will be treated using chemical
precipitation of heavy metals, bioremediation, air stripping, and granular activated carbon as
necessary. The landfill cap and groundwater treatment system have been completed.
Groundwater will be treated until established cleanup levels have been met.
Site Facts: Under the terms of an EPA Administrative Order, the potentially responsible
parties performed immediate actions at the site.
Environmental Progress
All construction at the site is complete. By fencing the site and removing most of the
contaminated soils, solids, and drums of hazardous materials, the potential for exposure to
contaminants at the Rasmussen's Dump site has been reduced while final cleanup remedies
are underway. .
Site Repository
Hamburg Township library, 7225 Stone Street, Hamburg, MI 48139
Brighton City Library, 200 N 1st Street, Brighton, MI 48116
Februay 1996
RASMUSSEN'S DUMP
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ROCKWELL
INTERNATIO
CORP. (ALLEGAN)
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID006028062
EPA REGION 5
Allegan County
Allegan
Site Description
The 30-aere Rockwell International Corp. (Allegan) site has been vised to manufacture
universal joints for heavy trucks and construction equipment since the early 1900s. From 1910
to 1920, the Allegan Mirror and Plate Glass Company manufactured glass products at what is
now known as the Rockwell International Plant site. In 1920, the Blood Brothers Machine
Company purchased the site and began producing universal joints. From 1910 to I960,.
wastewater containing sludge, heavy metals, process wastes, and oils was discharged, into the
Kalamazoo River. Later these waste streams were discharged into an unlined settling pond
that drained to the Kalamazoo River. In the late 1960s, when this pond reached a saturation
point in terms of sludge depth, the pond was abandoned and buried, and three new unlined
ponds were constructed. In 1971, a water treatment system was installed, which included two
concrete underground storage tanks and the three new ponds. In addition to receiving "treated
wastewater, the three new ponds received untreated non-contact cooling water and sludge. In
1974, oil seeps were detected along the river bank adjacent to the new wastewater ponds. A
3-foot-deep clay dike constructed between the ponds and the Kalamazoo River in 1975 was
effective for about 1 year. In 1976, it was determined that the seepage to the river from
groundwater originated from the two concrete underground storage tanks; the source o'f the
leakage has since been eliminated. However, oils remaining within the soils periodically seep
into the river. In 1991, the plant was closed, and the western portion of the site, including
the three wastewater treatment ponds, was sold. The former manufacturing building on the
western portion of the site is currently occupied by a^number of small businesses; however,
the wastewater treatment plant and ponds are no longer in use. There are an estimated
8,150 people living within 3 miles of the site. The area is served by a public water supply"
system; however, about 6,900 people within 3 miles of the site depend on the shallow
groundwater as a source of drinking water. The closest residential well is located % mile from
the site. The site is located downgradient from the current public water supply system.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
' Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY"
Proposed Date: 04/10/85
Final Date: 07/22/87
February 1996
-------
Threats and Contaminants
On-site soils and groundwater are potentially contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), copper, zinc, manganese, mercury, barum, and heavy metals
including lead, arsenic, and cyanide. River sediments contain heavy metals,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and PCBs. People may be at risk from
coming into direct contact with contaminated sediments while using the river for
recreational purposes. The threat of local residents' exposure to site contaminants
has been minimized by site security; however, the estimated 10 to 15 occupants of
the current site facilities may be exposed to chemicals through direct contact with
contaminated surface soil. .
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial"
phases focusing on cleanup of the landfill and the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Three oil recovery wells were installed in the late 1970s to
control the movement of the oil. These wells operated by returning contaminated
groundwater to the wastewater treatment system for reprocessing. The wells
operated from 1976 until late 1991 when the pumps were deactivated because they were no
longer recovering any free oil. In 1978, approximately 3,700 cubic yards of sludge from Pond
Number Two were removed and disposed of off site in a State-approved landfill. In 1992,
however, light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL) were discovered in several site wells,'and
a small intermittent oil seep into the Kalamazoo River was-identified adjacent to the former
wastewater treatment ponds. Oil booms were installed along the bank of the river to contain
the minor seepage, which appears to be the result of residual waste oils remaining in the soil
from previous operations. In addition, two of the three oil recovery wells were reactivated.
These weUs were in operation for approximately nine months, after which they were
deactivated because they did not appear to have any effect on the LNPAL observed in the
surrounding groundwater monitoring wells. ;
t .
Landfill Contents: An investigation into the nature and extent of contamination
in the unsaturated landfill materials from the former City of Allegan landfill was
completed in 1995. The EPA determined that no cleanup actions were necessary
as the materials did not pose a health risk, and signed a "no action" decision in the summer of
1995.
February 1996
ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP.
(ALLEGAN)
-------
Entire Site: Rockwell, the party potentially responsible for the site contamination,
currently is conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of
contamination at the site with guidance from the EPA. Six potential contamination
sources are being investigated including the former oil/water wastewater treatment facility;
the three inactive treatment ponds; the former collection pond that was filled in the late
1960's; a former oil floatation house and the former Allegan city dump, upon which a parking
lot was built; and water and sediments in the Kalamazoo River. The investigation will define
the contaminants of concern and will recommend alternatives for the final cleanup. The
investigation is expected to be completed in late 1996. .
Site Facts: In 1988, Rockwell and the EPA signed a Consent Order, requiring the company
to conduct a study of the nature and extent of site contamination.
Environmental Progress
The installation of oil recovery wells to direct contaminated water to a treatment system, the
removal of a substantial amount of sludge, and the installation of oil booms to contain minor
oil seepage have reduced the potential of direct exposure to hazardous materials at the
Rockwell International Corp. (Allegan) site. Investigations are currently being conducted to
select the final cleanup remedies for the other sites areas.
Site Repository
Allegan Public Library, 331 Hubbard Street, Megan, MI 49010
ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP.
(ALLEGAN)
February 1996
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ROSE TOWNS
DUMP
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980499842
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
Rose Township
Other Names:
Dorsey Dump
Approximately 12 acres of the 110-a'cre Rose Township Dump site once were used for the
disposal of paint sludges and other wastes on surface soils, in buried drums, and in lagoons.
Unregulated dumping of industrial wastes, including solvents, paint sludges, and
pofychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), occurred at the site between 1966 and 1968. The waste's
were buried in a 12-acre portion of the site. Bulk wastes also were discharged to the surface
or into shallow lagoons or pits in the area. Liquid wastes from an unknown number of tank
trucks were dumped onto the ground, and approximately 5,000 drums were disposed of on
site. In 1980, the State removed the 55-gallon drums and scraped PCB-contaminated soil into
three large piles. The area is fenced, and warning signs have been posted. The total
population of Rose Township is about 4,600 people. Less than a dozen residences are located
adjacent to the site. A road borders the site on the north, and there is a concentration of
buildings northeast of the site, near Buckhorn Lake. Approximately 4,600 residents depend
on local groundwater for domestic uses. Residents use local aquifers for potable water; trie
nearest residential well is located 1,600 feet from the site. Two apparently distinct plumes of
groundwater contamination are emanating from the site, but there are no residential wells
within the contaminant plumes. The site is surrounded primarily by wetlands and woods.
There is an abundance of wildlife oh site. Surface water runoff drains into marshes and
wetlands that border the site. Some nearby lakes are used for recreation, and the marshes
are unfenced.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82
Final Date: 09/08/83 "'" :
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater, surface water, and soils are contaminated with heavy metals and
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including toluene, trichloroethylene (TCE),
and benzene. PCBs were detected in off-site sediment samples. Soil is also
contaminated with phthalates and DDT, a pesticide. The potential health risks to
people at this site include coming into direct contact with or accidentally ingesting
contaminated groundwater, surface water, soil, or sediment. Hunting and fishing
are known activities in the area; therefore, eating fish and wildlife could present a
health threat. Wetlands also may be threatened.
February 1996
-------
^§Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: immediate .actions and a long-term remedial phase
directed at cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
immediate Actions: In 1980, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) removed approximately 5,000 drums of liquid wastes from the site. In
1985, the EPA identified,,segregated, staged, and sampled drums for disposal
purposes. Two areas of the site were fenced to restrict contact with PCBs- and
lead-contaminated surface soils. A heavy-duty vehicle gate was installed at the access road
entrance. Warning signs were posted along all newly-fenced areas. In 1986, 31 drums were
overpacked, labeled, and shipped off site for disposal. One load of bulk wastes totaling 20
cubic yards also was shipped off site for disposal.
Entire Site: The selected cleanup remedies addressing site contamination include:
excavating approximately 25,000 cubic yards of PCB-contaminated surface soil;
'incinerating the excavated soils and returning them to the site; installing and
operating a groundwater extraction and treatment system to clean contaminated groundwater
and discharging it tti the wetlands adjacent to the site; installing groundwater monitoring wells
on and near the site to monitor groundwater underneath the site for the next 30 years;
constructing a fence around the site; collecting and analyzing samples from the wetlands
adjacent to the site; and testing the potential effectiveness of soil-flushing technology to clean
up contaminated subsurface soil. Currently the potentially responsible parties are testing the
use of soil vapor extraction for subsurface cleanup. The potentially responsible parties began
preparing the technical specifications and design for the selected cleanup remedies in late
1989. Pre-design activities included soil and water sampling for each respective cleanup
technology. The incinerator was completed in early 1994. The northern plume pump and
treat system will be enhanced to provide adequate capture of plume.
Site Facts: As of 1986, 28 potentially responsible parties had been identified and notified of
liability. In 1987, the EPA and the State began negotiating cleanup responsibilities with these
parties. In 1988, the EPA and 12 parties signed a Consent Decree, requiring the parties to
implement and pay for cleanup activities.
Environmental Progress
Removing the contaminated drums and surrounding soils and fencing the area have resulted
in a reduction of immediate threats to the surrounding communities and the environment at
the Rose Township Dump site while the final cleanup remedies are underway. .
February 1996,
ROSE TOWNSHIP DUMP
-------
Site Repositories
Holly Township Library, 1116 North Saginaw Street, Holly, MI 48442
Rose Township Office
ROSE TOWNSHIP DUMP
February 1996
-------
ROTO-FINIS
GO.,-INC.
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID005340088
EPA REGION 5
Kalamazoo County
Portage
Site Description
The 7^-acre Roto-Finish Co., Inc. site is an abandoned specialty equipment manufacturing
facility that operated from approximately 1950 until 1988. The company designed and
manufactured specialized equipment for burring and polishing castings, mechanical parts, and
similar objects requiring smooth finishes. The site contains two buildings where plant,
operations were conducted, a large building along the west side of the site, and a smaller
building to the east. Three seepage lagoons were located on the eastern side of the site.!
Manufacturing and processing wastes were pumped into two unlined, settling lagoons. The -
lagoons often overflowed. An estimated 83,000 gallons of waste were pumped into these
lagoons. Two stormwater retention basins on site were used to collect surface water runoff,
which subsequently evaporated into the air or infiltrated and percolated through the soils.
The site also contains several paved parking areas. In 1980, the lagoons were abandoned and
the company, began discharging all wastes to the municipal sewer system. In 1981, drums
containing formaldehyde, sodium chromate, and MOCA (an organic chemical compound used
as a curing agent in the fabrication of plastic molds) were observed on site. In 1982, lagoon
sludges and surrounding soils were removed and filled with clean soil. Approximately 45,000
to 50,000 people live within 3 miles of the site. Groundwater from an unconfined aquifer in
the area is used as a municipal, industrial, and domestic water source. Municipal wells located
within 1 mile of the site provide water for an estimated 100,000 residents. Davis Creek, also
located within 1 mile of the site, leads into the Kalamazoo River, more than 3 miles "
downstream of the site. The Kalamazoo River is used for recreational activities including
fishing and swimming.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
trichloroethyiene (TCE) vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethene, and 1,1,1-
trichloroethane. Soil may be contaminated with MOCA, VOCs, and metals
including arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, lead, and manganese. Potential health-risks
to people include ingestion of and direct contact with contaminated groundwater
and soils. The site is bordered by a chain-link security fence with locking access
February 1996
-------
gates.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The party potentially responsible for the site contamination currently
is conducting an investigation into the nature and extent of contamination at the
site. The investigation will define the contaminants of concern and will.result in
recommendations for the final cleanup. Soil borings, well installation, and, a study of -
groundwater flow direction have been undertaken. A second study phase was completed in
1991, and a third phase was initiated in 1993. The potentially responsible parties for the
Roto-Finish site have proposed to install a temporary groundwater extraction system to
contain contaminated groundwater until the investigation jis complete, which is scheduled for
completion in 1996.
Environmental Progress
After listing the Roto-Finish Co., Inc. site on the NPL, the EPA conducted preliminary
evaluations of the site conditions and determined that the site does not present an imminent
threat to the surrounding population or the environment while investigations leading to
selection of the final cleanup remedies are taking place.
Site Repository
Portage Public Library, 300 library Lane, Portage, MI 49002
February 1996
ROTO-FINISH CO., INC.
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SCA INDEPEN
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000724930
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Muskegon Heights
Other Names-
Independent Landfill
Site Description
The 100-acre SCA Independent Landfill site operated as a domestic and industrial waste
landfill from 1965 until the late 1970s. The landfill, which occupies about 1/3 of the site,
closed in 1987. Two unlined refuse cells are spread over 10^ acres of the site. Two
inadequately lined cells occupy an additional 20 acres, and a 4-acre cell, which closed in 1987
and was covered with 3 feet of clay, is situated directly on top of the southern half of the two
unlined cells. In addition, a 6-acre parcel in the northeastern section of the site received
refuse. All areas have been closed and capped. The closure plan implemented by SCA'
Services, a potentially responsible party, included a leachate management plan, groundwater
monitoring, gas vents, a final cover, and seeding of the site. In 1985, SCA Services completed
a hydrogeologic study. In 1986, the State concluded that site contamination was minor and
that no immediate groundwater cleanup activities were required. The lined waste cells have
been vented to prevent the buildup of gases. There are approximately 10,000 people living
within 3 miles of the site. There also are 6 schools and 7 churches within 3 miles of the .site.
The landfill is located in a swampy area about 1/8 mile south of Black Creek, a coldwater
stream. The groundwater flow apparently empties into wetlands that border Black Creek, a
stream that has been re-stocked successfully with trout since 1987. A mobile home park with
more than 300 families is located % mile north of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially «
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is, contaminated with heavy metals and volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) including xylene, benzene, and toluene. Surface water potentially is .
contaminated with VOCs. Potential health threats to people include direct contact
with or ingestion of contaminated groundwater and surface water. Because the
landfill is in a flood plain, flood waters could expose the landfill contents and
spread the pollutants to the stream and low-lying areas. Wetland areas also may be
threatened.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site. .
Response Action Status
Entire Site: An investigation of site contamination is underway to determine the
nature and extent of contamination at the landfill, and in the groundwater arid
surface water. The investigation is scheduled to be completed in late 1996, at
which time alternative cleanup remedies will be evaluated.
Site Facts: In 1983, SCA Services and the State .signed a Consent Agreement to provide for
the closure of the two unlined cells. In October 1993, Waste Management Inc. and the State
signed a Consent Agreement, whereby the company agreed to study the type and extent of
contamination at the site, assess potential and actual risks to public health and the
environment, and evaluate potential cleanup alternatives.
Environmental Progress
After the closure of the landfill and an initial site assessment by the State, the EPA decided
that no immediate actions were necessary at the SCA Independent Landfill site while
additional studies are conducted.
February 1996
SCA INDEPENDENT LANDFILL
-------
SHIAWASSEE
MICHIGAN
EPA 1D# MID980794473
EPA REGION 5
Livingston County
Howell
Site Description
The Shiawassee River flows through the communities of Byron, Vernbn, and Corunna. All
three communities are located downstream of the Western Wheel Company and Cast Forge
Company, both of which formerly manufactured aluminum cast products since 1969. Until
1973, wastewater contaminated by hydraulic fluids containing potychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) was discharged to the South Branch of the Shiawassee River. Fronrl973 to 1977,
wastewater was discharged into an on-site lagoon. Both the site property and the river
contain PCBs at elevated levels. Approximately 1,380 people within 3 miles of the Western
Wheel Company are served by the deeper aquifer beneath the site. Discharges from the
on-site lagoon, as well as periodic overflows, have contaminated wetlands located near the
site. Subsequently, the Shiawassee River has been contaminated. The river is used for many
forms of recreation. PCBs have been found in fish as far as 52 miles downstream. "
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
PCBs have been detected in fish, sediments, and soil. Wetland contamination has
been identified. The health threat of greatest concern is eating PCB-contaminated
fish. Other health threats include direct contact with contaminated river sediments
and soils. .
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach '
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status :
Immediate Actions: The Cast Forge Company removed the lagoon and cleaned
up the PCB-contaminated soil and sediment from the property. In 1982, the State
began dredging the South Branch of the Shiawassee River using resources from a
settlement with the Cast Forge Company. The first mile of the river, downstream from the
plant, was vacuumed, removing 2,600 pounds of PCBs.
Entire Site: The State, with EPA assistance, is conducting an investigation into .
remaining soil and sediment contamination at the site. The investigation will define
the contaminants and recommend alternatives for final cleanup. Field work
includes groundwater, surface water, sediment, and soil sampling. The flood plains and ;
industrial area are being sampled. The investigation is expected to be completed in the fall of
1996.
Environmental Progress
The removal of the lagoon and PCB-contaminated soil; and sediments and the dredging of the
river have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminants from the Shiawassee River site
while studies are taking place and cleanup activities are being planned. .
Site Repository
Howell Township Hall, 3525 Byron Roadj Howell, MI 48843
February 1996
SHIAWASSEE RIVER
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SOUTH MACO
DISPOSAL
(LANDFILLS #9
#9A)
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID069826170
EPA REGION 5
Macomb County
Macomb Township
Site Description
The 159-acre South Macomb Disposal Authority site is made up of two adjacent municipal
landfills, Landfills #9 and #9a, that have been inactive since 1975. In the early 1960s,
municipal officials formed the South Macomb Disposal Authority to help in the management
and disposal of municipal refuse. Between 1968 and 1975, the landfills received approximately
1,880,000 cubic yards of municipal refuse. Reportedly, no hazardous wastes were disposed of
in the landfills; however, hazardous chemicals have been detected on and around the site.
Prior to 1968, the site was used as a sand and gravel excavation pit and for agricultural
purposes. Landfill #9 reached capacity in 1971 and was subsequently covered with a soil cap
and vegetation. Investigations in 1971 concluded that ward was discharging from Landfill #9
to the McBride Drain. Landfill #9a stopped receiving municipal refuse in 1975 and was
covered with a soil cap and vegetation. In 1975, the State inspected the site and concluded
that ward was migrating from Landfill #9a. From 1977 through 1981, the South Macomb
Disposal Authority implemented various activities to stop ward seepage from the landfills.
which included improving erosion controls, tilling, regrading, covering the surface of the site,
and installing ward collection systems. Two ward collection systems are in operation on site.
Surface erosion of the landfills is evident around the perimeter of the site. Water sampling of
residential wells near the site in 1983 and 1984 indicated contamination. The site is partially
fenced. Approximately 75 homes are located within a 1-mile radius of the site. Two
contaminated aquifers are present beneath the site; a third, deeper aquifer is not
contaminated. The residents of 12 homes near the site have been advised not to use water
from their wells and have been connected to the City of Detroit Municipal Water Supply
System. McBride Drain, an open channel, receives runoff from the site and flows to the
North Branch of the Clinton River, 1^ miles from the site. Both McBride Drain and the
Clinton River are used for recreational and agricultural purposes.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
, Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86 -
March 1996
-------
Threats and Contaminants
i * t
Groundwater monitoring wells have detected the presence of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, and nitrate. Surface soils are contaminated with
heavy metals and VOCs. The primary potential health risk to people includes
drinking or coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater. Other-
potential health threats include accidental ingestion of or direct contact with
contaminated soil.
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two phases: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Ward controls have been put into place that include covering the
landfill with soil and installing a collection system and holding tank. Based on
recent visits to the site, the erosion control measures are failing 'in places on the
landfill. Residences with contaminated wells were connected to the municipal water -supply.
Entire Site: The EPA completed its investigation into the nature and extent of
site contamination and potential effects oh public health and the environment in
1990. The investigation included soil gas testing, air sampling, surface soil sampling
and testing, ward sampling, groundwater sampling, and subsurface soil sampling. Methods of
groundwater extraction/collection and on-site treatment were investigated by the EPA until
the responsibility
was turned over to the State of Michigan. In 1991, a remedy was selected that called for the
construction of slurry walls, an improved leachate collection system, a landfill cap, and a
groundwater pump and treatment system. However, this remedy was turned back in a Circuit
Court appeals case. Currently, the State is awaiting further judgement on the case.
Site Facts: In an April 1991 Circuit Court case, the court approved the remedy for the site.
However, the remedy was turned back on appeal and the court ordered that a^hydrogeologic
study be conducted. The State is evaluating the results of the study and awaiting further
judgment on the case. . .
Environmental Progress
Initial actions including covering the landfills with soil, installing ward collection systems, and
providing an alternate water supply to affected residents have reduced the potential of
exposure to contaminants from the South Macomb Disposal Authority (Landfills #9 and
#9A) site while selection of the final cleanup remedy is pending.
March 1996
SOUTH MACOMB DISPOSAL
AUTHORITY (LANDFILLS #9 AND #9A)
-------
Site Repository
Macomb County Library, 16480 Hall Road, Mt. Clemens, MI 48044
SOUTH MACOMB DISPOSAL AUTHORITY
(LANDFILLS #9 AND #9A)
March 1996
-------
SOUTHWE
COUNTY LA
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980608780
EPA REGION 5
Ottawa County
Park Township
Other Names:
outh Ottawa Disposal Corporation
Site Description
The 43-acre Southwest Ottawa County Landfill site operated as a landfill under license by the
State until its closure in 1981. The landfill was constructed by Ottawa County in 1968 and
received solvents, heavy metals, sludge, oils, municipal refuse, and drums containing
unspecified wastes. The site also accepted dewatering sludges and contaminated soils from a
neighboring NPL site called the Waste Management-Holland Lagoons. When the State
closed the site in 1981, it required the County to cover the landfill and to provide hookups to
the municipal water system for the residences with potentially contaminated wells.
Approximately 100 people live within 1/2 mile of the site; however, the area is rapidly
developing and a new subdivision has been created near the site. Lake Michigan also' is
located approximately 1/2 mile from the site, while Lake Macatawa is located approximately 2
miles from the site. Most private residences with wells potentially contaminated by the landfill
leachate have been connected to the City of Holland water supply.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date; 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
xylenes, and heavy metals. The contamination of the subsurface soil below the"
landfill contributed to the groundwater contamination. The primary health threat
of concern is drinking contaminated groundwater or eating plants irrigated with
contaminated groundwater. The landfill is capped and fenced, therefore
minimizing the potential for contact.
' 1
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Groundwater: Most of the private residences with wells potentially affected by
the landfill leachate have been connected to the City of Holland water supply. The
County installed a series of extraction wells and an activated carbon adsorption
system. The groundwater restoration system became operational in 1987. Two purge wells
were installed near the landfill by the County, and initially five wells were installed 1/2 mile
from the site to capture residual groundwater contamination. The State monitors the
effectiveness of the groundwater treatment system and has subsequently requested that the
County install five additional purge wells to capture contaminants in breakthrough areas. All
pumped and treated water is discharged under a State permit. Monitoring wells along the
perimeter of the groundwater plume'were installed in 1993. '
Site Facts: Under a Consent Order, the landfill was closed in 1981. In 1984, a Groundwater
Restoration Agreement between the County and the State resulted in the installation of
extraction wells and a carbon adsorption water treatment system.
Environmental Progress
All construction,of cleanup remedies at the site is complete. The provision of an alternate
water supply by Ottawa,County and capping and fencing the site has eliminated the potential
for exposure to contaminated groundwater near the Southwest Ottawa County Landfill'site.
The operation of the groundwater restoration system will continue to reduce contamination
levels until site cleanup goals are achieved.
Site Repository
Park Township Offices, 52-152nd Avenue, Holland, MI 49424, (616) 399-4520
February 1996
SOUTHWEST OTTAWA COUNTY LANDFILL
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SPARTA LAN^febi
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID000268136
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Sparta Township
Site Description
The 27-acre Sparta Landfill site is a closed municipal landfill located approximately 1 mile
southeast of the Village of Sparta and 1/5 of a mile from the Rogue River. From
approximately the 1940s until 1972, the Schwab Dump operated about 12 acres of the landfill
During this time the open dump accepted general, residential, commercial, and solid wastes.
In 1972, Kent County began operation of the Sparta Landfill on property adjacent to the
Schwab Dump. In 1973, Kent County acquired the Schwab Dump property. The licensed
landfill accepted municipal refuse and industrial wastes under Michigan Public Act 87. In
1977, the landfill was closed and a two-foot sand cover was placed over the site. In 1979, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) detected volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) in on-site monitoring wells and nearby residential wells. Kent County replaced four
residential wells and provided bottled water for other affected homes. Approximately 200
residences are located within a 1/2 mile radius from the site. Approximately 15 residences are
located directly adjacent to the site. The City of Rockford's municipal supply intakes are
located on the Rogue River, approximately 10 miles downstream from the site. The public
water supply wells for Sparta are located near a tributary of the Rogue River, approximately
2 miles upstream from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date:, 12/30/82 .
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with VOCs and inorganics. Potential health, threats
to people include ingesting or coming into direct contact with contaminated water
and breathing contaminated water vapors related to household uses.
February 1996
-------
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in two stages: emergency actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status -
Emergency Actions: At the request of the State, Kent County installed deep
wells for four nearby affected residences and provided bottled water for other,
^ affected homes.
"» '
Entire Site: The potentially responsible parties are conducting an investigation
into the nature and extent of contamination at the site. The investigation, which
began in the fall of 1993, will define the contaminants and will recommend
alternatives for final cleanup. It is scheduled to be completed in late 1997.
Environmental Progress
Providing an alternate source of water to affected residences has eliminated the potential of
exposure to contaminated drinking water from the Sparta Landfill site and will continue to
protect residents, near this site while investigations leading to the selection of final cleanup
remedies are underway.
Site Repository
Sparta Township Library, 80 North Union, Sparta, Michigan 49345
February 1996
SPARTA LANDFILL
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SPARTAN CHMlflCAL
COMPANY
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID079300125
EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Wyoming
Site Description
The 2-acre Spartan Chemical Company site repackaged, blended, and distributed liquid
industrial chemicals until 1992, when bankruptcy was filed. Chemicals are not currently
manufactured on site. Prior to 1963, the company discharged its wastewater into the
groundwater. In 1975, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were discovered in groundwater
during dewatering activities at a nearby facility. In 1981, five residential wells near the site
were found to be contaminated with VOCs. Spartan Chemical w.as the only known handler
of these chemicals in the area at that time. The residential wells have'been abandoned, and
all five residences have been connected to the public water supply. An underlying clay layer
has prevented contamination of deeper aquifers. In 1986, an underground storage tank
containing toluene was found to be leaking. The tank has been emptied and has been
removed. Approximately 7,200 people, some of whom use private wells, live within 3 miles of
the site. There are residences closer than 1/4 mile from the facility. There are no public
water supply wells in this area; public drinking water is drawn from Lake Michigan.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater and soils are contaminated with VOCs, primarily from solvent and
chemical discharge spills and leaks. Currently, there are no immediate health
threats associated with this site. Disposal of wastewater to the groundwater
stopped in 1963 and all aboveground storage tanks have been emptied.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in three stages: initial actions and two long-term remedial phases,
focusing on soil and groundwater cleanup. Eventually, the two phases of investigation will be
combined into a single comprehensive cleanup approach.
Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Five underground storage tanks were removed by the site owner
in 1983.
Soil: An investigation into the nature and extent of soil contamination began in
early 1994 and is expected to be completed in late 1997. At the completion of the
study, the State and EPA will select a final remedy, potentially soil vapor
Groundwater: The potentially responsible party conducted a study to identify
the location of groundwater contamination. The potentially responsible party
constructed a purge well and an air stripping groundwater treatment system. The
purge well was operational from 1987 until 1993, when it was shut down to undergo design
modifications. The original groundwater treatment system was found .not to have cleaned
effectively. Because of the temporary shutdown and the ongoing soils investigation, the State
is considering combining remedy selection for both the groundwater and soil. Design '"'
modifications to the existing groundwater treatment system are currently on hold until
investigations into the nature and extent of the soil contamination are completed.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed by a potentially responsible party, requiring the
party to conduct a site investigation and clean up the groundwater. The potentially
responsible party has since gone bankrupt and the site has been taken over by the State of
Michigan, with assistance from the EPA
Environmental Progress
Five underground storage tanks were removed by the owner of Spartan Chemical Company
under guidance of the State, which has reduced the potential for continued site .
contamination while final cleanup actions are being planned. . '!' *
Site Repository
Wyoming Public Library, 3350 Michael SW, Wyoming, Michigan 49509
February 1996
SPARTAN CHEMICAL COMPANY
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SPIEGELBE
LANDFILL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980794481
EPA REGION 5
Livingston County
Green Oak Township
Site Description
. i
The 115-acre Spiegelberg Landfill site is being mined for sand, gravel, and peat deposits.^
From 1966 to 1977, the site was used for the disposal of domestic waste, with the maiii
disposal area located in an abandoned sand and gravel pit. From 1967 to 1978, paint sludge .
was dumped in one of the excavations of the gravel pit. The paint sludge area was the site's
major source of contamination. From 1988 to 1989 the paint sludge and underlying soils,
which reached down to the groundwater table, were removed and disposed of in a permitted
secure landfill. The Spiegelberg Landfill site is located adjacent to Rasmussen's Dump, .
another NPL site. Several hundred people live within 1 mile of the site. More than 18,000
people live within 3 miles of the landfill and use groundwater as a drinking water source.
There are approximately 250 located wells within 1 mile of the site. The uncontaminated
portion of the site is used for mining of sand, gravel, peat mining, and cattle grazing.'
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL USTiNG HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Lead, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other organics are present in the
groundwater. Soil was contaminated with lead, VOCs, and other organics.
Potential health threats to people include accidentally ingesting or coming into
direct contact with contaminated groundwater or soil.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Paint Sludge Area: The selected cleanup remedy to address the source of the
contamination included: excavation of waste material; off-site incineration of the
excavated liquid waste material; and disposal of soils-into a landfill. The potentially
responsible parties, under EPA oversight, completed excavation, separation, and incineration
of wastes and landfilling of 58,500 tons of waste and soils in late 1989. These actions
included removing contaminated soils that reached down to the groundwater from the paint
sludge disposal area, and backfilling the area with clean gravel.
Groundwater: In 1990, the State completed an investigation into the nature and
extent of groundwater contamination at the site and selected a remedy for the
final cleanup of the groundwater. The EPA chose to pump and treat groundwater
and reinject it into injection wells. Air stripping and carbon adsorption treatment is applied, as
necessary. Deed restrictions will be used to restrict access to groundwater. The system began
operating in mid-1995. Groundwater will be treated until established cleanup levels are met.
Site Facts: The EPA, the State, and the potentially responsible parties reached an
agreement requiring the parties to clean up the liquid and solid waste at the site.
Environmental Progress
Construction of all site remedies is complete. The removal of containers of waste and
contaminated soil and incineration of liquid wastes have reduced the potential for exposure to
contaminated materials at the Spiegelberg Landfill site while groundwater cleanup activities
are underway. .'-...
Site Repository
Hamburg Library, 7225 Stone Street, Hamburg, MI 48139
Brighton City Library, 200 N. 1st Street, Brighton, MI 48166
February 1996
SPIEGELBERG LANDFILL
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SPRINGREL
TOWNSHIP
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980499966
EPA REGION 5
Oakland County
35 miles northwest of Detroit
Other Names:
Oakland County Landfill
Site Description
The 4-acre Springfield Township Dump was used for chemical waste disposal from 1966 to
1968. Liquid wastes and sludges were dumped into a low area at the site. During this same
period, approximately 1,500 drums of waste materials also were dumped at the site. Drums of
waste materials were stored at various locations throughout the dump. By 1980, 1,500 drums
and 711 tons of contaminated soil were removed from the site by the Michigan Department
of Natural Resources (MDNR). There are 25 residences located within 1 mile of the" site,
with the nearest residence located 800 feet from the site. :
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL UST1NG HISTORY"
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy
metals including arsenic and lead. Soil contains potychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
VOCs, phthalates, pesticides, and heavy metals including arsenic, barium, cadmium,
and lead. PCBs and the pesticide dieldrin were detected in on-site sludge. Health
threats to people stem from direct contact with contaminated soils, inhalation of
contaminated dusts or vapors, or accidental ingestion of contaminated soil or
groundwater. . .
Cleanup Approach ;
This site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
March 1996
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Response Action Status
initial Actions: Warning signs, a security fence, and a locked gate blocking the
access road were installed at the site. The State also completed the removal'-of
1,500 drums and 711 tons of polluted soil from the site by 1980.
Entire Site: The EPA and the State completed an investigation into soil and
groundwater contamination at the site in 1990. Based on the results of the
investigation, the EPA selected on-site incineration, solidification, and in-place
vacuum extraction for soil cleanup, and extraction and carbon adsorption for groundwater
cleanup. Design of these technologies and additional soil sampling was completed in 1993.
The groundwater treatment system was installed by the potentially responsible parties and
began operating in late 1993., It will continue to operate until cleanup goals are met. An
amended remedy to address soil contamination is expected to be selected soon, with cleanup
expected to begin in late 1996. ,
Environmental Progress
Removing drums and contaminated soil and installing a fence have reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminated materials at the Springfield Township Dump site while final
cleanup activities are underway.
Site Repository
Springfield Township Hall, 650 Broadway Street, Davisburg, MI 48019
March 1996
SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP OUMP
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EPA REGION 5
Kent County
Plainfield Township
STATE DISP
LANDFILL,
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980609341
Site Description
The 30-acre State Disposal Landfill site operated from 1966 to 1972. From 1972 to 1976, the
landfill was owned and operated by Waste Management, Inc. In 1975, the landfill received a
permit from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) to accept general
refuse. Since 1976, Waste Management has maintained the landfill. The landfill was closed in
1977 and now is covered with a layer of clay and equipped with methane gas vents. In 1985,
the MDNR detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals in monitoring
wells downgradient of the site. Local health officials warned some well owners near the site
to seek an alternative drinking water source. In 1985, Waste Management conducted a
hydrogeological investigation of the site and installed monitoring wells. Approximately 13,000
people obtain drinking water from public and private wells within 3 miles of the site.
Municipal water wells supplying Plainfield Township are 2 miles from the site and have been
affected; however, alternate wells are now being used.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potential^
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 06/24/88
Final Date: 02/21/90
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs and heavy metals including barium
and nickel. The groundwater could be hazardous to human health if touched or
ingested. The site is fenced to minimize the potential for direct contact with
contaminants from the landfill;
Cleanup Approach -'-*
This site is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and-.a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
February 1996
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Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: Between 1989 and 1990, the State extended a permanent
municipal water line to all affected residences. The potentially responsible parties
have installed a security fence at the site to restrict access to the site.
Entire Site: Waste Management of North America is conducting an investigation,
understate oversight, to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the
site. The State is conducting an off-site investigation of the contamination plume.
Upon completion of the investigations, scheduled for 1996, appropriate cleanup remedies will
>be selected.
Environmental Progress
The extension of the municipal water line has eliminated the potential for residents to be
exposed to contaminated drinking water from the State Disposal Landfill site and will
continue to protect nearby residents while site investigations are underway and cleanup
activities are being planned. A security fence currently restricts access to the site and limits
the potential for contact with contaminated materials. >
Site Repository
Plainfield Branch Library, 2650 5 Mile Road, N.E., Grand Rapids, MI 49505
(616)561-0611
February 1996
STATE DISPOSAL LANDFILL, INC.
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STURGIS Mil
WELLS
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980703011
EPA REGION 5
. St. Joseph County
Sturgis
Site Description
Routine sampling by the Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) in 1982 revealed
that two of the four municipal wells serving the City of Sturgis were contaminated with .
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These two wells, the Layne well and the Jackson well,
are located on the west side of the City and supplied approximately half of the total city
water at the time the contamination was detected. The MDPH advised the City of Sturgis to
cease using these wells except during peak demands. Pumping capacity was increased on the
two uncontaminated wells and the residents were advised to reduce their drinking water use.
In 1983, two production wells at Ross Laboratories, located 2,000 feet northwest of the
municipal wells, revealed VOC contamination. These wells were voluntarily removed from
production and now are being used solely for cooling purposes. The Layne well was
abandoned in 1985. The Jackson well was still used occasionally to verify that it was
functional for emergency use. In 1985, another municipal well, the Kirsch well, was found to
be contaminated with VOCs. This well subsequently was shut down. Of the four original
municipal wells, only the Oaklawn well remains uncontaminated. Approximately 10,000 people
live within the City of Sturgis, the majority of whom are served by the municipal water
distribution system. The City currently relies on the Oaklawn well and two new wells to meet
its water needs.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 09/08/83
Final Date: 09/21/84 .
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs including trichloroethylene (TCE)
and perchloroethylene (PCE). TCE, PCE, and other VOCs have been detected in
the soil. Direct contact with or accidental ingestion of the contaminated
groundwater and soil poses a potential health threat.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
Response Action Status
Entire Site: The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
conducted an investigation to determine the nature and extent of contamination
at the site. The investigation consisted of groundwater monitoring, well
installation, groundwater quality sampling, and soil gas testing. The final cleanup remedy was
selected in 1991 and includes: groundwater extraction; groundwater treatment through air
stripping; soil vapor extraction of the VOCs; and excavation and disposal of any remaining
contaminated soil at a federally-approved facility. Construction of an interim groundwater
extraction arid treatment system was completed by the potentially responsible parties in the
spring of 1994. The interim system consists of one high-capacity extraction well (2,500 gallons
per minute) located around the area where the highest concentrations of VOCs were
detected in groundwater, and groundwater treatment through air stripping with treatment of
"off gases" with granular activated, carbon. This interim system will protect the municipal,
water supply and contain the plume until the final groundwater cleanup remedy is designed
and fully implemented. Work remaining to complete the requirements of the remedy includes
soil cleanup, an additional groundwater investigation, and possible additional groundwater
cleanup. Cleanup is being conducted by the MDNR with Federal money; the remedy is
currently being designed. Design is expected to be completed in late 1996. All cleanup is
expected to be completed by 2001.
Environmental Progress
Construction of an interim groundwater extraction and treatment system has contained'the
threat of groundwater contamination.. In addition, the interim system will aid in the
protection of the municipal water supply and be a starting point for construction of the
remainder of the final cleanup remedy.
Site Repository
Sturgis City Library, 130 North Nottawa, Sturgis, MI 49091
February 1996
STURGIS MUNICIPAL WELLS
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TAR LAKE
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID9807946
EPA REGION 5
Antrim County
Mancelona Township
Other Names:
Gulf and Western Antrim Property
(Tar Lake)
Antrim Iron Works
Site Description
The 200-acre Tar Lake site contains the structural remains of various manufacturing
companies that produced iron. A secondary manufacturing process produced a waste similar
to stillbottoms, which was discharged into a depression on site. Operations ceased in 1944. As
long ago as 1949, groundwater contamination with phenolic compounds had been
documented as close as 3 miles from the site. A fence has been installed around the site to
restrict access. The total population served by well water within a 3-mile radius of the site is
approximately 3,000. About 800 people are served by private wells, and the others receive
municipal water. The municipal wells are located 1 mile from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal and potentially responsible
parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83 ,
Threats and Contaminants
i
Phenols and lead have been detected in the groundwater. Phenols and heavy
metals including iron, lead, nickel, chromium, and copper have been detected in
the sludge. Touching sludge poses an acute health hazard. Coming into direct
contact with or ingesting contaminated groundwater also poses a health hazard.
Sampling of the residential wells has not detected any of the contaminants, despite
tas~te and odor problems. . .
Cleanup Approach
This site is being addressed in a long-term remedial phase focusing on cleanup of the entire
site.
February 1996
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Response Action Status
Entire Site: The Fifty-Sixth Century Antrim Iron Company,conducted a study to
determine the nature and extent of site contamination. In 1992, a remedy was
selected to address the source of contamination. The remedy includes excavation
of the tar-and contaminated soil and consolidation in on-site containment cells.- In addition, a
groundwater containment system is to be installed to keep the plume from migrating further.
The potentially responsible parties are currently preparing the design of the remedy, which is
expected to be completed in the. fall of 1996.
Site Facts: In 1986, the EPA issued an Administrative Order to the Fifty-Sixth Century
Antrim Iron Company requiring them to conduct a site study and propose a remedy to clean
up the-site. J .
Environmental Progress
After adding this site to the NPL, the EPA performed preliminary investigations and
determined that no immediate actions were required at the Tar Lake site while cleanup
activities are being planned. ; .
Site Repository
Maricelona Public Library, 202 West State Street, Mancelona, MI 49659
February 1996
TAR LAKE
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THERMO-CHJJ^WC.
MICHIGAN
EPAID#MID044567162
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Egleston Township
Site Description
Thermo-Chem, Inc. was involved in solvent reprocessing and liquid waste disposal on this 10-
acre site near Muskegon. Thermo-Chem, Inc. began operating in 1969 and continued until
1980. The company received paint waste, antifreeze waste, and spent halogenated and non-
halogenated solvents. Distillation was used to regenerate usable solvents, and resulting
sludges and residues were incinerated at the site. In addition, materials that were unsuitable
for processing reportedly were incinerated at the site. Wastewater generated during the
distillation processes and equipment cleaning was discharged into a series of three .
interconnected seepage pits. Two of the seepage pits were unlined, and the other was lined
with clay to contain spills and contaminated wastes. All drums and bulk liquid wastes were
removed from the site by late 1982. There are no available records documenting on-site
disposal of hazardous materials. The process used for disposition of incinerator ash is not
known. In 1991, the decision was made to include the 1 1/2-acre Thomas-Solvent property in
the site, which is located adjacent to Thermo-Chem, Inc. and is contaminated with similar
wastes. Black Creek, which flows into Mona Lake, is only 2,000 feet away from the site.
Approximately 10,000 people live within a 3-mile radius of the site. The entire population in
this area is served by groundwater either from community wells or private wells. A new
mobile home park is under construction less than 1/2 mile from the Thermo-Chem site. The
water supply for the park will come from four wells drilled to a depth of 80 feet.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86 '
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater, soil, and on-site sludges are contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene (TCE), toluene, andxylene. -
Coming into direct contact with or ingesting contaminated groundwater and soil
poses a health hazard. Surface drainage from the site is poor, and the permeable
sand that exists below the site facilitates the movement of contaminants into the
groundwater. Contaminants from the site could reach Black Creek and Mona
Lake.
March 1996
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March 1996
THERMO-CHEM, INC.
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Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of on-site soils, sludges, and groundwater, and cleanup of Black
Creek and the groundwater south of Black Creek.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: After a spill occurred in 1987, the EPA sampled, tested,
and removed lab wastes. A security fence was installed around 8 acres of the site
in 1989. In early 1991, 16 underground storage tanks were removed from this site.
On-Site Soils, Sludges, and Groundwater: The parties potentially responsible
for the site contamination conducted an investigation to determine the nature and
the extent of the contamination. The final cleanup remedy was selected in 1991,
which includes fence installation; demolition of buildings and storage tanks; soil excavation
and off-site incineration of highly contaminated soil and iij-situ vapor extraction of less.'
contaminated soil; groundwater extraction and treatment using filtration, air stripping,, metal
precipitation, and pH adjustments; discharge of treated groundwater into the Black Creek;
groundwater monitoring; and soil testing underneath the demolished buildings and storage
tanks. Design of the groundwater treatment and the in-site vapor extraction systems is
expected to be completed in mid-1997. Construction of the remaining remedies is currently
underway.
Black Creek and Groundwater South of Black Creek: The potentially
responsible parties are carrying out an investigation to determine the nature and
extent of contamination in this area.
Site Facts: A Consent Order was signed in 1987 between the EPA and a committee
composed of the potentially responsible parties. The committee assumed responsibility for
conducting a site investigation and identifying remedies to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
By removing contaminated soil from the spill area, fencing the Thermo-Chem property, and
removing underground storage tanks/the EPA has reduced the potential for direct contact
with hazardous materials while final cleanup activities are being planned for groundwater,
soil, and sludge contamination, and further investigations addressing contamination of Black
Creek are taking plaqe. , -
Site Repository
Hackley Public library, 316 W. Webster, Muskegon, MI 49440
THERMO-CHEM, INC.
March 1996
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Egelston Township Hall, 5382 Apple Avenue, Muskegon, MI 49440
March 1996
THERMO-CHEM, INC.
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TORCH LA
MICHIGAN
EPAID# MID980901946
EPA REGION 5
Houghton County
Keweenaw Waterway
Site Description
Torch Lake is a 2,700-acre lake located in the Keweenaw Waterway in Michigan's Upper
Peninsula. Copper mining activities in the area from the 1890s until 1969 produced mill
tailings that contaminated the lake sediments and shoreline. About 200 million tons of copper
mill tailings were dumped into the lake. The contaminated sediments are believed to be 70
feet thick in some areas, and surface sediments contain up to 2,000 parts per million of
copper. The tailings deposited in the lake and on the shoreline were dredged up during the
early part of the 1900s and were processed with flotation chemicals to reclaim copper. The
tailings and much, of the flotation chemicals were returned to the lake and the shoreline. The
lake also has received mine pumpage, leaching chemicals, explosive residues and by-products,
municipal and industrial trash, and sanitary wastes. In 1972, an estimated 27,000 gallons of
cupric ammonium carbonate were released into the lake from storage vats. Barrels have been
found at several sites along the shoreline of the lake. The only active industry on the Torch
Lake shoreline is the Peninsula Copper Company, which reclaims copper oxide from scrap
electronic circuit boards. During the early 1980s, the company dumped processing water
containing 2,400 times the local sewage authority's allowable limits for copper and 10Q times
the limit for ammonia into the Tamarack lagoon system. Recently, the Michigan Department
of Natural Resources (MDNR) funded a plan to monitor the lake and to restock fish
populations. Approximately 4,000 people live within 1 mile of the lake. Most of the drinking
water in the area comes from springs or a municipal well located 1/4 mile north of the lake,
near the Trap Rock River. A public boat launch, beach, and park have been built on the
northern shore of Torch Lake near the Village of Lake Linden.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions..
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
The sediments and surface water are contaminated with copper and cupric
ammonium carbonate. Corning mto direct contact with or ingesting contaminated
sediments and surface water poses a health hazard. The Michigan Department of
Health issued a fish consumption advisory, since the contaminants already have
affected the lake's fish and aquatic, vegetation. There also is concern about the
physical hazards present on the site. These include abandoned buildings, old.
machinery and equipment, and other discarded metal objects such as rusting
February 1996
-------
barrels, which can be found on the shoreline and in the water.
Cleanup Approach
,The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of on-site tailings/slag piles, and surface water, sediment, and
groundwater. ,
Response Action Status
immediate Actions: The EPA began field investigation activities in 1988 at
Torch Lake to determine the nature and extent of contamination. A geophysical
survey was conducted to locate drums buried in the tailings piles on the western "
shore and at the bottom of Torch Lake. Approximately 20 drums were located on the
surface, and samples were taken to determine if the drums contained any toxic materials. In
1990, 12 additional drum locations were excavated and sampled. As a result of the test
samples, the EPA removed the contaminated drums from the lake as well as contaminated
soil beneath the drums.
On-Site Tailings/Slag Piles: In 1990, the EPA completed field work involving
a bathymetric survey to locate submerged tailings and slag piles on the shore of
Torch Lake. This data was used to study the nature and extent of contamination
and to identify cleanup alternatives. In 1992, EPA selected a remedy which calls for these
piles to be covered with soil and vegetation. Design of this remedy began in the fall of 1992
and is expected to be completed in late 1997. .
Surface Water, Sediment, and Groundwater: In 1992, the EPA completed
sampling of the surface water, sediment, and groundwater underlying all tailings
piles. Based on the sampling results, the EPA, in early 1994, selected a "No
Action" remedy, as contamination levels were within safety standards.
Environmental Progress
The removal of contaminated drums and soil has reduced the potential for exposure to
hazardous wastes at the Torch Lake site while final cleanup activities are being planned.
Site Repository
Portage Lake District Library, 105 Huron Street, Houghton, MI 49931
February 1996
TORCH LAKE
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WURTSMITH
AIR FORCE BAif
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MI5570024278
Site Description
EPA REGION 5
Isoco County
Village of Oscoda
Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a 5,223-acre site located on the northeastern part of Michigan's
lower peninsula, about 2 miles west of Lake Huron. To the north and northeast of the site is
Van Etten Lake; to the southwest is Allen Lake; to the southeast and east is the Village of
Oscoda. Of the 5,223 acres, 1,943 acres are owned by the U.S. Air Force. The rest of the
facility consists of 2,466 acres, leased primarily from the state, and 814 acres registered as
easement tracts. Wurtsmith has operated since 1923 under several different names,
beginning as a subsidiary of Selfridge Field called Camp Skeel. Until World War II, Gamp
Skeel was used for gunnery practice, winter maneuvers, and aircraft landings. According to
The Emergency War Order, the primary mission of the base was to maintain full readiness to
conduct strategic bombing operations worldwide. Support activities at the base included
aircraft and vehicle maintenance, bombardment crew and unit training, and air refueling
support. The base was renamed Oscoda Army Air Field when the Continental Air Command
began using it as a transient aircraft stopover. In 1953, the base was renamed again to
Wurtsmith Air Force Base when it came under the command of the U.S. Air Force Strategic
Air Command. In November 1977, while collecting groundwater samples, the Air Force
detected trichloroethylene (TCE) in three of the seven drinking water wells on the base.
Additional samples collected in 1979 and 1980 also detected TCE. In 1985, during the early
stages of base closure, an Installation Restoration Prograjn Phase I records search for
Wurtsmith identified 29 sources of concern, of which five have been evaluated: the Weapons
Storage Area, two 6,000 gallon tank trailers, the Northern Landfill Area, the Building 43
Area, and the Building 5008 Area. During the 1950s and early 1960s, the Air Force used the
Weapons Storage Area as a jet fighter maintenance area, possibly using TCE for degreasing
and deicing the jets. The U.S. Geologic Survey (USGS) identified a TCE-contaminated
groundwater plume that appeared to be emanating from this area. In 1971, two 6,000-gallon
tank trailers were buried in the center of the Northern Landfill Area to create a central
depository for waste solvents. The tanks were removed in 1977. The Northern Landfill Area
served as a disposal pit from 1960 to 1979, into which the Air Force disposed of domestic and
industrial wastes including solvents, metals, and paints. In 1987, the USGS sampled
monitoring wells downgradient of the Northern Landfill area and identified TCE, 1,1-
dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and vinyl chloride. The Air Force used a 500-gallon
underground storage tank in the Building 43 Area from 1962 to 1977 to store waste TCE,
which it used as a degreaser for the maintenance of fire control equipment in the Building
5008 Area. After removing the tank, a leak was discovered near the filler pipe on the top of
the tank. In addition, the Air Force apparently dumped solvents, including TCE, near
buildings in the Building 5008 Area for weed control. Pumping drinking water wells in this
area caused the contaminants to be drawn toward these wells, resulting in the contamination
March 1996
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of additional drinking water welis with TCE. The Air Force officially closed the base in 1993.
Site Responsibility: The site is being addressed through
Federal actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 01/18/94
Threats and Contaminants
The Air Force has detected TCE in the drinking water and monitoring wells at the
Building 43 Area and at the Building 5008 Area. The USGS identified a TCE- -
contaminated groundwater plume at the Weapons Storage Area. While sampling
monitoring wells downgfadient of the Northern Landfill Area, where two 6,000-
gallon tank trailers were buried, the USGS also detected the volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) TCE, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and vinyl
chloride. Since the soil at the site is primarily sand, any spills or leaks at the
surface will move rapidly to the groundwater. Therefore, contaminated soil has not
been frequently encountered at the site. Touching or ingesting contaminated soils
or groundwater may pose a risk to public health.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in several long-term remedial phases focusing on cleanup of the
entire site.
Response Action Status
interim Actions: A groundwater pump and treat system was. installed in 1981 to
clean up a TCE spill near building 43 and to halt its movement off site. A second
pump and treat system was installed in 1988 to clean up TCE and fuel spills.
originating near the operational apron and Building 5008. A third pump and treat system
began operation in 1992 to clean up spills at the POL Bulk Storage Area. In 1993i the Air
Force connecting residents located between the base and Van Etten Lake to a potable water
supply. A low volume hydrocarbon skimmer operated from 1991 until 1992 to remove, spilled
jet fuel from the water table. Ex-situ bioremediation was used to clean up excavated soil
contaminated with diesel fuel from a leaky underground storage tank in 1991. The Air Force
removed many olf the storage tanks from the site; the remainder are scheduled to be removed
in 1996. The fuel: hydrant system and the oil/water separators have been cleaned. Due to
these interim actions, ten areas of the site require no further action.
Entire Site: Site studies of the nature and extent of contaminatiqn are underway.
These investigations will result in the selection of remedies for final cleanup of
March 1996
WURTSM1TH AIR FORCE BASE
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the site.
Environmental Progress
Interim actions including the operation of groundwater pump and treat systems, the
connection to the potable water supply, the operation of the hydrocarbon skimmer, and the
ex-situ bioremediation of the soil has reduced the threat to human health and the
environment while site investigations are underway; .
Site Repository
Robert J. Parks Public Library, 6010 N. Skeel Street, Oscoda, MI 48750, (517) 739-9581
WURTSMfTH AIR FORCE BASE
March 1996
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U.S. AVIEX
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID98079455
EPA REGION 5
Cass County
Howard Township
Site Description
U.S. Aviex manufactured non-lubricating automotive fluids, at its 2-acre Huntly Road Plant in
Howard Township from trie e§rly 1960s until 1978. Although the plant is no longer in
operation, some buildings are used for storage purposes. In 1972, an underground pipeline
containing dimethyl ether was broken during excavation on the southeastern side of the plant.
Within 3 to 4 months, low levels of ether had been detected in nearby residential wells. A fire
in 1978 also contributed to groundwater contamination in the area. Thousands of gallons of
water were used to extinguish the fire over a 2-day period. Barrels and indoor tanks of stored
chemicals ruptured during the blaze. Their contents either were consumed in the fire or
washed from the plant into unpaved areas, and subsequently, into the groundwater. Following
the fire, residential wells were found to contain low levels of the organic liquids believed to
have been released from the plant. Throughout the 1970s and early to mid-1980s, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) and the Michigan Department of
-Public Health (MDPH) collected samples from on-site and neighborhood wells. Numerous
single-family homes are located near the plant. The nearest houses are located within 100
feet of the property. All residences have their own water supply wells. Farming and
manufacturing are the major occupations in the area surrounding the site. The closest
agricultural activity is located about 1/2 mile southeast of the site. An airport, a sewage
treatment lagoon, and various light industries are located approximately 1 mile to the west of
the site. There are 3 schools located about 2 miles from the site.
Site Responsibility: This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL UST1NG HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82.
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
The groundwater and soil are contaminated with volatile organic compounds,
(VOCs). Direct contact with or ingestion of the contaminated groundwater'and
soil pose a potential health risk. Inhaling contaminated vapors from the
groundwater or soil also could cause adverse health effects.
March 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
immediate Actions: From 1973 to 1987, U.S. Aviex provided bottled water to
32 homes with contaminated drinking water wells. U.S. Aviex also installed two
new wells. In 1983, following a groundwater investigation, an on-site groundwater
treatment program began. This program involves pumping groundwater out of the
contaminated aquifer, treating the water by air stripping, and discharging the treated water
into the St. Joseph's River system. In 1987, a State-funded alternate water supply was
completed.
Entire Site: In 1988, the EPA selected the following methods to clean up the site:
soil flushing of approximately 11,500 cubic yards of contaminated on-site soil;
collection of on- and off-site groundwater and fluids from the soil flushing process;
and on-site treatment by air stripping. Cleanup activities began in 1991, and construction was
completed at the site in the fall of 1993. Long-term monitoring of the groundwater will
continue until cleanup goals have been met. .
Site Facts: In early 1982, the State filed a suit against U.S. Aviex. The company was '
ordered to conduct a pump test as a first step to investigate and clean the contaminated
groundwater. La 1986, U.S. Aviex filed for bankruptcy. EPA and the State have funded
subsequent work.
Environmental Progress
Construction of all cleanup remedies at the site is complete. Providing local residents with a
safe drinking water source and treating polluted groundwater have reduced the potential for
exposure to contaminants at the U.S. Aviex site while long-term monitoring of the
groundwater continues. ,
Site Repository
Howard Township Hall, 1345 Barren Lake Road, Niles, MI 49120
March 1996
U.S. AVIEX
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VELSICOL C
CORP.
(MICHIGAN)
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# M1D000722439
EPA REGjON 5
Gratiot Co.unty
, St. Louis
Site Description
The Velsicol Chemical Corp. (Michigan) site consists of 50 acres in St. Louis. The site was
used by other companies from the mid-1800s to 1936, including a lumber mill, oil refinery,
and chemical plant. Located on the site were two injection disposal wells, a dredge pond, a
lagoon, a radioactive waste disposal area, and one or more drum storage areas. In 1974,'the
Michigan Department of Public Health (MDPH) issued a fish consumption advisory for the
Pine River downstream of the site. Fish kills occurred as late as 1979, and a red leachate was
observed oozing into the river from the site. Approximately 4,100. people live within 1 mile of
the site. The nearest residence is less than 500 feet away. The Pine River is used for fishing,
boating, swimming, and other recreational purposes. Water for drinking and other purposes is
supplied from six municipal wells located to the east and southeast of the site, with the
nearest well being about 1,500 feet away. The site is located adjacent to the Pine River.
Site Responsibility:
This site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
On-site groundwater is contaminated with DDT, chlorobenzene, carbon
tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and other chlorinated compounds. On-site soil ;
samples revealed contamination with potybrominated biphenyls, copper, chromium,
zinc, and magnesium. The sediments of the Pine River were also contaminated
with similar contaminants through soil erosion from the site; however, surface
waters do not show any significant impacts. Potential risks" exist for people who eat
contaminated fish and wildlife in the vicinity of the site.
March 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: In 1982, the following cleanup technologies were selected: demolition,
salvage, and removal of building materials and scrap; construction of a 2-foot-thick
slurry wall groundwater containment system; construction of a clay cap; operation
of a groundwater collection system with deep well injection; and implementation of a long-
term maintenance and monitoring program. Between 1983 and 1984, containment activities,
including capping the site and constructing a shallow groundwater cut-off wall, were
conducted. In 1984 and 1985, the site was fenced and warning signs were posted to limit
access. The State is overseeing "maintenance and monitoring operations. In addition, the EPA
investigated the deep aquifer and installed six deep monitoring wells and one shallow well in
1992. In 1994, US EPA and MDNR were notified by Velsicol Chemical Corp. that water
levels within the slurry wall needed to be lowered. Because the Velsicol deep well had not
been permitted for use, Velsicol disposed of the water through a private treatment facility.
MDNR, the EPA, and Velsicol are working towards permitting the well and upgrading
monitoring at the site to ensure the continued effectiveness of the remedy. '
Site Facts: A Consent Agreement was signed in 1982 between the EPA, Michigan
Department of Natural Resources, and Velsicol Chemical Corp. requiring the company to
conduct the site cleanup.
Environmental Progress
All construction at the site is complete. By capping the site, installing a fence, posting warning
signs, and building a system to prevent the movement of contaminated groundwater off site,
the potential for direct exposure to hazardous materials from the Velsicol Chemical Corp.
(Michigan) site has been reduced while final cleanup actions are being evaluated.
Site Repository
TA Cutler Memorial Library, 110 West Sahinaw, St. Louis, MI 48880
March 1996
VELSICOL CHEMfCAL CORP. (MICHIGAN)
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VERONA WE
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980793806
EPA REGION 5
Calhoun County
Battle Creek
Other Names:
Battle Creek Verona Well Field
Site Description
The Verona Well Field, located in the northeastern corner of Battle Creek, covers 160 acres
and consists of over 30 wells. During 1981, the Calhoun County Health Department
discovered that the Verona Well Field, which supplies drinking water to an estimated 53,500
residents and a variety of businesses, was, contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) and
other volatile hydrocarbons. In 1984, the EPA and the Michigan Department of.Natural
Resources (MDNR) undertook a program to halt the spread of contamination. Three
additional drinking water wells were drilled north of the existing well field, and 12 blocking
wells (six currently in use) were converted to pump the water to a treatment system to create
a hydrologic barrier to the advancing contaminant plume. By the fall of 1984, the actions .had
raised the number of clean wells to 13, and a sufficient quantity of drinking water to fulfill
the maximum municipal demand was ensured. .
Site Responsibility:
The site is being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties'actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 07/16/82 .
Final Date: 09/08/83'-'
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including
perchloroethylene (PCE), TCE, toluene, xylene, and vinyl chloride. There presently
is limited threat of exposure to VOCs from the site as the City's drinking water is
supplied by wells that are not contaminated. Source areas have been fenced.
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in three stages: immediate actions and two long-term remedial
phases focusing on cleanup of the Thomas Solvent Raymond Road area and two other
source areas. , , .
March 1996
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Wfflard Library, 7 West VaiLBuren Street, Battle Creek, MI 49017
VERONA WELL FIELD
March 1996
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Response Action Status
immediate Actions: In 1983, bottled water and portable showers were provided
to residences and businesses east of the Battle Creek River and west of the
railroad yard until water main connections from the city system were completed.
In 1984, a purge system was installed to prevent any further migration of contaminants int&
the northern portion of the field. A pump house was constructed and safety lights and a high-
water alarm were installed. Water from the blocking wells is pumped to an air;
stripper/carbon adsorption system, which removes the VOCs prior to discharge of the treated
water into the Battle Creek River.
Thomas Solvent Raymond Road: The following cleanup methods were
implemented for the Thomas Solvent Raymond Road source area: construction of
a groundwater extraction well system to contain and collect contaminated
groundwater in the vicinity of the Raymond Road facility; extraction and treatment of
contaminated groundwater at the existing well field air stripping facility; installation of soil
vapor extraction wells to enhance the vaporization of VOCs from the contaminated soils; and
.continued maintenance of the groundwater extraction system. Construction of the soil vapor
extraction system was completed in the fall of 1993. Construction of the groundwater -
extraction well system has been completed. Currently, an air stripper is being installed to
treat extracted groundwater. Cleanup of the soil is expected to be completed in mid-1997.
Two Other Source Areas: An investigation was conducted by the EPA to
explore the nature and extent of contamination at two other contaminated source
areas. The EPA selected the final cleanup approach in mid-1991. The remedies
selected were soil vapor extraction and groundwater extraction at these areas, and the
construction of a second blocking well line at the main wellfield. The soil vapor extraction
systems have been installed and the groundwater extraction and treatment systems are
currently being constructed. The soil vapor extraction system will begin operating once the
groundwater system has been built. . - " '
Site Facts: In March 1984, Thomas Solvent Company was ordered to immediately install
and operate a purge well and treatment system. In April 1984, Thomas Solvent Company
filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. In 1992, the potentially responsible parties were ordered to
design, construct, and operate the final remedy.
Environmental Progress
The provision of an alternate water supply and the installation of a groundwater treatment
system have reduced the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater from the
Verona Well Field site while final cleanup actions are underway.
Site Repository
March 1996
VERONA WELL FIELD
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WASH KING
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID98070124
EPA REGION 5
Lake County
Pleasant Plains Township
Site Description
The Wash King Laundry is located on a 2-acre site in Pleasant Plains Township and was in
operation between 1962 and 1991 as a coin-operated laundry. The operation also included dry
cleaning. In 1962, Wash King Laundry was granted permission to discharge soapy laundry
wastewater to nearby seepage lagoons that had been constructed for this purpose. During the
1960s and early 1970s, the area experienced increasing development, and many seasonal
homes were constructed in the vicinity. A dry cleaning solvent, perchloroethylene (PCE), was
discharged to the wastewater lagoons in the 1970s. Groundwater pollution by laundry
detergent wastes was first detected in 1973. In 1977, PCE contamination of groundwater was
also detected, and in 1978, Wash King Laundry agreed to cease all dry cleaning operations.
All site operations ceased in 1991 when the site owner declared bankruptcy. In 1979, it was
determined that approximately 30 domestic water supplies northeast of the laundromat were
contaminated with PCE. Housing in the area consists of mobile homes, trailers, and cottages,
most of which are utilized on a seasonal basis. Only a few residences in the immediate vic.inity
of the site are occupied on a year-round basis.
Site Responsibility:
This site- is being addressed through
Federal and State actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/08/83
Threats and Contaminants
Groundwater is contaminated with PCE. Lagoons used for laundry discharge and
minor amounts of sludge contain PCE as well as lead and arsenic. Drinking OJE
coming into direct contact with contaminated groundwater or lagoon sediments
may pose a health risk!
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
"the,site 'is being addressed in two stages: immediate actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing^ on cleanup of the entire site.
Response Action Status
Immediate Actions: In 1984, the Wash King Laundry owner installed a public
water supply system to serve the affected homes and commercial establishments in
the area. ,
Entire Site: The State conducted an investigation to determine the extent-and
source of contamination. The State determined that a plume of contaminated
groundwater is moving northward toward the Pere Marquette River., .
Contaminated sediments associated with seepage lagoons formerly used on the site have been
identified as sources of contamination. In early 1993, EPA and the State selected a remedy
calling for the excavation of contaminated soils and pump and treat efforts to control
contaminated groundwater. Soil contaminated with PCE has also been identified near the
Wash King Building. Design of these'remedies has begun and is expected to be completed in
1996.
Site Facts: In 1978, a court agreement was reached under which Wash King Laundry, agpeed
to cease all dry cleaning operations and eliminate all sources of PCE contamination at the*
facility. In September 1993, the EPA and the State entered into a Cooperative Agreement
with the company for it to clean up the site.
Environmental Progress
By providing a safe drinking water source to the affected homes and businesses near the
Wash King Laundry site, the potential for exposure to contaminated groundwater has been
reduced while design of the cleanup remedy is underway.
Site Repository
Pathfinder Community Library, 812 Michigan Avenue, Baldwin, MI 49304
February 1996
WASH KING LAUNDRY
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WASTE MANA
OF MEOHIG
(HOLLAND)
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID060179587
Site Description
ENT
EPA REGION 5
Ottawa County
North of Holland
Other Names:
Jacobusses Refuse Service
Originally, Jacobusses Refuse Service used the 180-acre Waste Management of Michigan,
(Holland) site landfill as a open burning dump. From 1971 to 1979, the site was used for
dewatering liquid industrial wastes, including aluminum, metallic hydroxides, and activated
sludge residues. The dewatering lagoons occupied approximately 15 acres of the site. Forty-
three 55-gallon drums of wastes were removed intact in 1980. All dewatering sludges and on-
site contaminated soils have been transferred to the Southwest Ottawa County Landfill
(SWOCL), an adjacent NPL site that is now closed. An active landfill was operated at the
site in the late 1960s; currently, partially buried refuse is scattered across the surface. The
estimated population living within ^ mile of the site is approximately 100 people; .however, the
area is rapidly developing, and a new subdivision has been created near the site. Holland
State Park, a popular summer vacation and recreation spot, lies less than 3 miles to the
southwest of the site.
Site Responsibility:
This site is'being addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY
Proposed Date: 10/15/84
Final Date: 06/10/86
Threats and Contaminants
Initial sampling indicated groundwater was contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) including toluene, benzene, trichloroethylene (TCE), vinyl.
chloride, and the heavy metal cadmium. People could be exposed to contaminants
through accidental ingestion of or direct contact with contaminated groundwater.
The site has been fenced, therefore minimizing the potential for contact with
potentially contaminated on-site soils. "
Cleanup Approach
The site is being addressed in two stages: initial actions and a long-term remedial phase
focusing on cleanup of the entire site.
February 1996
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Response Action Status
Initial Actions: Dewatering sludges, contaminated soils, and 43 55-gaUon drums
of waste were removed from the site in 1980. Perimeter sampling around the on-
site gymnastics building was completed to ensure public health was not
Entire Site: The State and the potentially responsible parties are investigating the
nature and extent of contamination in the groundwater, soil, and air. A
geographical survey was conducted to fence construction so that the fencing would
not interfere with geophysical instrument reading. The investigation is expected to be
completed in 1996.
Environmental Progress
The removal of on-site drums, sludges, and soils in 1980 has reduced the potential threat'to
area residents and the environment. The EPA, the Michigan Department of Natural
Resources, and Waste Management of Michigan are cooperating in efforts to conduct
investigations of the site that will lead to further cleanup. . . .
Site Repository
Park Township Building; 52-152nd Avenue, Holland, MI 79727
February 1996
WASTE MANAGEMENT OF MICHIGAN
, (HOLLAND)
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WHITEHALL
WELL
MICHIGAN
EPA ID# MID980701254
EPA REGION 5
Muskegon County
Northeast portion of Whitehall
Other Names:
Funnel Field Well #3
Municipal Well #3
Site Description
The Whitehall Municipal Well site is located in the northeastern section of Whitehall. The
site is in Funnel Field, north of Colby Street and south of the ravine and backwaters of the
White River. In 1980, as a result of a routine quarterly sampling of the City's water supply,
an organic solvent was detected in the water. Further testing showed that the source of the
contamination was Well 3. In early 1981, the City took Well 3 off line and increased pumpage
rates in Wells 2, 4, and 5 in order to provide adequate water for the city. The City later _
brought Well 6 on line to increase the normal water supply and decided to permanently close
Well 3. Sampling of residential wells in 1982 indicated contamination of those wells with'
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Affected residences were connected to the city water
supply. Further investigation indicated that the source of the residential well and grouridwater
contamination was .not related to the city's municipal wells. Approximately 3,000 people live in
the City of Whitehall, and about 20 residences still rely on their private wells for drinking
water. -
Site Responsibility:
This site was addressed through
Federal, State, and potentially
responsible parties' actions.
NPL LISTING HISTORY.
Proposed Date: 12/30/82
Final Date: 09/21/84. -
Deleted Date: 02/11/91
Threats and Contaminants
Well 3 and surrounding monitoring wells have shown only minimal levels pf.
contaminants, or none at all, since 1982. Contaminants found in the groundwater
in the past have included perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and
chloroform. Accidental ingestion of, inhalation of, or direct contact with,
contaminated water may have posed a health threat.
February 1996
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Cleanup Approach
Response Action Status
Entire Site: Well #3 was closed in 1981 and Well #6 was brought on line to
increase the water supply An investigation and risk assessment indicatedThere was
Well 3 TherefS noPf±C f nsk Delved.with the site as a result of the closing of
f T! w- « , u further cleanup action was recommended. The
continue its routine sampling of the
Environmental Progress
Cosing Well 3 eliminated the potential for exposure to hazardous materials at the Whitehall
Municipal Well site, The.State is continuing to sample and monitor the
of nearby,residents and the environment.
Site Repository
Whitehall City Library, 414 East Spring Street, Whitehall, MI 49461
February 1996
WHITEHALL MUNICIPAL WELLS
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