September 22, 1993 ' '
. . , ' t *
MEMORANDUM' ' .. ' .' '.-.-' ';' : . _-_:'
SUBJECT: 'New Version of SWMM 4.21 /.:'. :
FROM:. ' Jerry LaVeck, Chief, Watershed Modeling Section
are not SWMM experts. . .
in addition to .he instaUation procedure listed in the users guide, 'two more steps must
be completed for the program to wort: correctly.
Copy the two files listed below 0n te distribution diskette into your \windows\system
directory. . . ' . ; : . . .
.
your exisrTg dU fu'e. I, is a superset of the Windows 3.1 file.
If Windows is loaded on Drive C:, ฑA your distribution disk is in Drive B:,you would
type: ' '.. . . ; : '..'.'
COPY B'ซ DLL C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM - and press return.
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at least 530K of DOS memory.to run. Be sure you have that much available, since the
Windows front 'end cannot, detect failure of SWMM-DOS to run correctly. We are also
developing a back end for SWMM which will be available in the near future. If you
find any problems or have any comments or questions about the front -end, please write
or call:'.' ''' -; . . ' :'. . '..'.
Jerry LaVeck : . . .
- :' .- :"" U.S:EPA,;Of$ce.ofWater .
.-.''' '' .. , Office of Science .& Technology . :
. ' "''. 401 M St.'S.W. (mail'code^WS)
.--.--.>--' : ' . (202) 260-7771-or 260-9830! (fax) ' ' """'- . ' -
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GSC-TR.EI-93-004
SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
DRAFT
Prepared fore
Office of Science and Technology
Standards and Applied Science Divisions
'U.; .S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S. W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
Prepared bys
General Sciences Corporation
6100 Cheiry Chase Drive
Laurel, MD 20707
June 1993
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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION . ..././.....:.
2. TECHNICAL SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND ...;........ 3
2.1 Overview of SWMM 4.2 .-. .... , . . , . .... ..... ;. ..... 3
2.2 Model Structure and Description of Blocks . '. . .... . .'. . ... 3
2.3 Data Requirements .... . ;'. . . ............... ..... 6
2.4 Output ...... ........ .'..'...'..'.'.;.''.'.''.''.''.'.''.' 7
3 . TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SWMM IMPLEMENTATION
IN WINDOWS ..... ........... 9
3.1 MET .................... ".'."" ..... ' 10
3.2 RUNOFF . . ........ .......... . . ' ' ' ' ' ; V. * 13
3.3 USEHP . . . . ....... ......... ' - <
3.4 TRANSPORT ..... ............; " ' ' ' ' ' 16
3.5 EXTRAN ....... ... . ______ ....,;. ____ ... .. . . '. '. '. [ '. '. 20
3.6 Limitations of SWMM Windows Interfece . ........ . . . . . 20
4. MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND SYSTEM LOADING . 23
4.1 Minimum System Requirements . .'.. . . . .'. . . :'. . .... . . . 23
4.2 Loading the System ... . . . ... . . . . ..... . .. . . . . . . . ., 23
5. USING THE SWMM WINDOWS INTERFACE . .... ........ 25
5.1 Accessing an EJcisting File or Opening a New File ......... 25
5.2 SWMM File Naming Conventions ............. ...... . 26
5.3 Saving taput Files .... ...... . . . . . . . ............ 26
5.4 Setting Up a Default Editor for Viewing Output Files ....... 26
5.5 Submitting an Input File to the Model . . . . .......... ... 28
5.6 SWMM Windows Interface Commands and Function Keys .... 28
5.7 Manual Run Option .... ..... ... ..... . . ....... .31
6. EXAMPLE RUNS . . , ....... . . /. . . ; ..... . . . ..... ... 33
6.1 Example 1 - A User-Defined HyetographXA Screening-Level
Example) . . . ...... ... ..... . . ............ .... 35
6.2 Example 2 - Steven's Avenue Drainage District in Lancaster, PA
(MET, RUNOFF, and TRANSPORT) ................ 39
6.3 Example 3 - Simulation of a Simple one-Pipe System with Two
Manholes (USEHP & TRANSPORT) , . .......... ..... 42
6.4 Example 4 - Basic Pipe System (USEHP and EXTRAN) ..... 44
APPENDDC A: SWMM WINDOWS INTERFACE DESIGN ........... 49
REFERENCES . . ...... ......... .... . . ................ 79
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". Tables and Figure
Table 2.1 Summary of Computational Blocks in SWMM ............. 4
Table 3.1 Data Category and Screen Input in MET interface .......... 12
Table 3.2 Screen Input Sequence in RUNOFF Interface . . . ..... . . . . . 14
Table 3.3 Screen Input Sequence in USEHP interface ...... ... .... 15
Table 3.4 Screen Input Sequence in TRANSPORT Interface 18
Table 3.5, Different Element Types in Transport Block ......... j ... 19
Table 3.6 Screen Input Sequence in EXTRAN Interface ...;........... 22
Table 5.1 -Naming Conventions of SWMM Interface .............. 27
Table 6.1 Example Rum Matrix for SWMM Windows Interface ;...... 34
Table 6.2 Example Input files with SWMM Windows and SWMM 4.2 . . . : 35
Table 6.3 ; A User-Defined Hyetograph in MET .... . .... : . . . .... 36
. Table 6.4 User-Defined Hydrograph and Pollutographs in USEHP ..... 43
Table A. 1 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in MET . . . . . . .'.'.'. . . 50
Table A. 2 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in RUNOFF ........ 51
Table A.3 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in USEHP . .-'. 61
Table A.4 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in TRANSPORT ...... 62
. Table A.5 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in EXTRAN ......... 69
' " . " -.: ' ' -;- '" ;-:"".;. : . 'Figures. '.'...-- ' . ' ..
Figure 3.1 SWMM Windows Interface Functions . . . . ...... . . . . . . ;. 10
Figure 6.1 Basic System%ith~"FfeeOpfall"^T . . w . . rt4. .-. . ... . . . .: 45
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SWMM Windows Interface .User's Guide
1. INTRODUCTION /
The EPA's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a large, complex model
capable of simulating the movement of precipitation and pollutants from the ground
surface through pipe and channel networks, storage/treatment units, and\finally to
receiving waters. Both single-event and continuous simulation may be .performed on
catchments having storm sewers, combined sewers, and natural drainage, for prediction
of flows, stages, and pollutant concentration. ,
The model may be used for both planning and design. The planning model is used for
an overall assessment of the urban runoff problem and proposed abatement options.
This model is typified by continuous simulation for several years using long-term
precipitation data. Catchment schematization.is usually "coarse" in keeping with the
planning level of analysis. A design-level, event simulation also may be run using a
detailed catchment schematization and shorter time steps for precipitation input.
The SWMM Windows interface was developed to assist the user in data input and
model execution and to make a complex model user-friendly. The Windows'interface
was developed for the Office of Science and Technology, Standards and Applied
Sciences Division of the' U.S. Environmental ]?rotection Agency to assist them with the
Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) program, this user's guide provides guidance
on the use of the SWMM interface and illustrjites its use with four example runs. The
Windows interface integrates the SWMM model and data handling needs to make the
model implementation user friendly. A brief description of the SWMM model structure
is presented in order to facilitate subsequent discussions.
This guide is divided into six sections. Section 2 gives you a technical summary on the
.SWMM model, as well as the model structure, the interaction between the various
blocks of SWMM, the input requirements, and the output. Section 3 describes ,the
Windows Implementation of the blocks, including descriptions of the screens sequences,
the corresponding blocks, changes made for ease of use, and limitations of the
implementation. Section 4 provides you with minimum requirements and loading
information for the Windows SWMM. Section 5 provides you with the information
necessary to use the SWMM interface, including:
Page 1
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I
SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
How to access an existing file.or opening a new file ,
File-naming Conventions . . '...-. .
Saving Input Files .
Setting Up a Default; Editor for Viewing Output Files
Sending an input file to the model .
SWMM commands and function keys ,
Using the Manual Run option '
Section 6 contains four example runs that highlight user entry and model output.
Appendix provides the scnsen structure and; variable descriptions for the Windows
interfaces. . . . . .
Page 2
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
2. TECHNICAL SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND
2.1 Overview of SWMM 4.2
SWMM simulates most quantity and quality processes in the urban hydrologic cycle on
the basis ;of rainfall (hyetograph) and other meteorological inputs and system
'characterization (catchment, conveyance, storage/treatment). Storm,sewers, combined
sewers, and natural drainages systems can be siimulated as well.
2.2 Mode! Structure and Description of Blocks
SWMM is constructed in the form .of "blocks" as follows: .
/ * ' .':"
Computational Blocks: Runoff, Transport,.Extran, Storage/ Treatment
Services Blocks:, Executive, Rain; Temp, Graph, Statistics .
Each block has a specific function, and the results of each block are entered on working
storage devices to be used as part of the input to other blocks. A typical run usually
involves only one or two computational blocks together with the Executive Block. A
summary of the four computational blocks in,SWMM are shown in Table 2.1..; This
table explains the model capability, flow routing characteristics, and quality by block.
The Runoff Block is a critical block: tcf the SWMM simulation. This block receives
meteorological data from either Rain and/or Temp. Blocks or user defined hyetographs
(rainfall Intensity vs. time) and then simulates the rainfall-runoff, process using a
nonliner reservoir approach, with an option for snowmelt simulation. Groundwater and
unsaturated zone flow and outflow are included; using a simple lumped storage scheme.
At the end, the Runoff Block produces hydrogrsphs and pollutographs at inlet locations.
This block may be run for periods ranging from minutes to years. Simulations less
than a few weeks will henceforth be called single event mode and longer simulations
will be called continuous mode. .With the slight exception of snowmelt, all
computations are done identically for the two cases (Huber and Dickinson, 1988)!
Quality processes in the Runoff Block include generation of surface runoff constituent
loads through a variety of options: 1) build-up of constituents during dry weather and
wash-off during wet weather, 2) "rating curve" approach in which load is proportional
to flow rate to a power, 3) constant concentration (including precipitation loads), and/or
4) Universal Soil Loss Equation (Donigian and Huber, 1991). The overall catchment
may be divided into a maximum of 200 subcatchments and 200 channel/pipes plus
inlets. The Runoff Block transfers hydrographs and pollutographs for as many as 200
inlets and 10 constituents through an assigned interface file to other SWMM blocks.
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SWMM Windows Interface laser's Guide
Table 2.1 Summary of Computational Blocks in SWMM
_,.._ ta
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SWMM Windows interface User's Guide
Shiled s
The
the
The Transport block is one of the subsequent blocks, which, performs the .detailed flow
S pdfutant routing1 through the sewer system, in Transport Block, flow routing -ซ
accomplished using kinematic wave method, while quality processes inckde tonkr
decay and simulating Scour and deposition within the sewer system based o
cSnon for initiation of motion, and generation of dry-weather flow an < qu
Transport Block uses inlet hydrographs and pollutograph s generated >euhe
RunoffBlock via the interface file or from the user defined option as the input, then
IterminefL quantity and quality of dry weather flow, the system infiltration,
pollutant loadings for each channel/pipe, and study area. ,
The Storage/Treatment (S/T) Block is a special type of element in the Transport Block.
S smSock simulates the routing of flows and up to three pollutants through u, L dry-
er wet-weather S/T tank containing up to five units or processes. It sUso simulates
removaT^S/T devices by 1) finite ^l.^^^^^^^^
now 2) removal functions (e.g., solids deposition as a function of detention time), or
3) ^mentation dynamics. Additionally, capital cost and operation and maintenance
cost can be estimated for each unit. .
The Extended Transport (ESTRAN) Block provides the SWMM with dynamic wave
uSorcTpabm|xCDM, 1988). The EXTRAN Block is the most comprehensive
muS pTgram availabk in the public domain for a drainage system domain jmd
s mulates branched or loop.sd networks; backwater resulting from tidal or nontidal
oSns; te-surfeceZr, pressurized flow or surcharges; flow^ ^emls;^ow
transfer bv weirs orifice; and pumping facilities; and storage at on-line or off-line
: fSSes EXT^lJ uL a li^-Sode description of the seweFsyitemlthat feci i^es the
discrete representation of thซ physical prototype. The conduit Jstem ซ ^zedt^
series of links and channels/^nduits, which are connected as nodes or junctions. Links
have weU-defined properties wMc^takea.ogether, ^SSS^Si
moe network. Links permit flow from node to node. Nodes are the storage
the entire
on
sv7em. Inflows/such as inlet hydrographs, and outflows, such as weir diversions, take
place at the nodes of the idealized sewer system. ;
These four computational blocks can be run either independently or in any sequence,
(Combine Block).
Page 5
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Window Interfax User,5
Data Requirements
however, moa ST" '^ons ซ often
.Categories of Data-
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.Subsurface
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5)
6)
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
7) Dry-weather flow constant or on basis of diurnal and daily quantity/quality
variations, population density, .other demographic parameters.
8) Particle size distribution, Shields parameter decay coefficients for channel/pipe
quality routing and sicour/deposition routine (optional). .
9) Storage/treatment: parameters .defining pollutant removal equation; parameters
. for individual treatment options such as particle size distribution, maximum flow
rates, size of unit, outflow characteristics; optional dry-weather flow data when
using continuous simulation. .
10) ' Storage/treatment cost: parameters for capital and operation and maintenance
costs as function of flows, volumes and operating time.
In order to create SWMM input files, the users have to follow certain sequences within
one particular block or between blocks. In the Runoff Block, for example, the Group
Identifiers, i.e., SWMM ID, are defined as the order of input data and are
characterized into five sections: general input and control data, meteorological data,
surface quantity, surface quality, and print cbiitrol. Each section may be divided into
subsections, e.g., meteorological data include snow data, precipitation data, and
evaporation data. Many individual parameters are entered in those data, categories.
2.4 - Output ^U^J--:, :'~ 'r'r~-':~-: V~-V:^" *f^~^: ^jll':-.^""'. :i^'=}J.:"^r'.^ _,"!:.
SWMM produces a time history of flow, stage and constituent concentration at any
point in the watershed for Runoff, Transport, Storage/Treatment Blocks. Seasonal and
annual summaries are also produced, along with continuity checks and other summary
output. Simulation output in the Extran takes the form of water surface elevations and
discharges at selected system locations.
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SWMJf Windows Interface User's Guide
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Page 8
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SWbfM Windows Interface User's Guide
3. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SWMM
IMPLEMENTATION IN WINDOWS
The SWMM Windows interface is designed to be as user-friendly to the user as
possible. The SWMM Windows interface.consists of five functions: METeorological
data. (MET), RUNOFF, USEr defined Hydrographs and Pollutographs (USEHP),
TRANSPORT, and EXTRAN. Basically, the MET function acts as the Rain and Temp
blocks. The RUNOFF, TRANSPORT, and EXTRAN interfaces perform the same
functions as the Runoff * Transport, and EXTRAN Blocks do in SWMM 4.2.. The
USEHP function allows the user to define time series of flows and concentrations at
desired inlets.
A key feature of the design of a "Windows" usisr interface for SWMM 4.2 is the
separation of meteorological data from the Runoff Block of user input. Users will
access the MET interface to create and edit meteorological .data. Selection of
meteorological data for use in a RUNOFF run will occur as part of the RUNOFF
function. The goal of this function is to consolidate user interaction and input of
meteorological data. From a user's perspective, all meteorological data will be
accessed unambiguously;by a single file name. The difference in^th^ RUNOFF
interface is, therefore, to eliminate meteorological data entry in the RUNOFF input file.
Similar consideration made in the TRANSPORT and EXTRAN functions is the
separation of user defined hydrbgraphs and pollutographs from the TRANSPORT and
EXTRAN user input. The USEHP function was developed to handle .the user supplied
flows and concentrations.
The normal execution sequence for the SWMM Windows interface is indicated by an
arrow symbol as shown in the screen in Figure 3.1. Usually, MET should be executed
first to create interface files that are required input to the Runoff Block. Likewise,
RUNOFF creates an interface file that is required input to the Transport and EXTRAN
Blocks. USEHP serves the, same function for input to the Transport and EXTRAN
Blocks as the runoff interfiiee file does. TRANSPORT or EXTRAN can be executed
independently when either a Runoff interface file or a USEHP file exists.
NOTE; In order to differentiate the Windows Interface blocks from the
actual, SWMM blocks (even if they are practically the same thing
in some instances), the Windows Interface Blocks will be in
capital letters and will be identified as an interface or option
instead of block.
Page 9
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Windows Interface User's Guide
MET
RUNOFF
USEHP
I
TRANSPORT
1
EXTRAN
Figure 3.1 SWMM 'Windows' Interface Functions
3.1 MET . ' .:. ' ' - -
As mentioned earlier, MEI1 allows the user to create and edit meteorological data.
Input data in MET consists of three data, components: general meteorological
parameters, precipitation and evaporation, and snow data; Those three elements take
a total of six screens (see Tsible 3.1). The first screen describes the control variables
in MET, such as the types of meteorological data and units associated with the MET
data. The selections on the first screen determines which screens are accessible. The
next two screens contain raingage stations and precipitation data. The fifth screen
defines monthly average evsiporation and/or wind speed. Air temperatures are stored
on the third screen for contiguous snowmelt simu'ition, and on the last screen for single
event snow melt simulation. RAIN (precipitation) and evaporation data are always
required in MET. Wind sp&sd and temperature data are needed when the snowmelt is
simulated .
Precipitation data are the single most important group of hydrologic data required by
SWMM. SWMM requires a hyetograph of rainfall intensities versus time for period
Page 10
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
of simulation. For single event simulation; this is usually a single storm, and data for
up to.ten raingages may be entered. .For continuous simulation, hourly, daily or other
continuous data from at.least one gage are required. RAIN data can be:selected from
a NOAA data file, an existing user created file, or a hew file. NOAA data files are
obtained from the EPA Environmental Research Lab in Athens, Georgia. They contain
35-year daily weather data for all NOAA 'first order .stations in the United States.
Please note that at present only one raingage is available when, the user selects the
NOAA data option from otir meteorological database. The RAIN data should be
entered in the Rain Data Taible on Screen No. 3. , Input variables for this screen are
listed in Table A.I. The format used in Rain JData Table is the same one stored in the
Rain BldcK interface file of SWMM, which is an unformatted binary file. Thus, the
: RAIN data can be handled through the Rain Data-Table instead of using the Rain Block
and El-E3 data groups in Runoff Block. .
Evaporation can be input either by entering monthly average rates or using default rates
that are internally supplied in the SWMM model. Wind speed and temperature data are
needed, if snowmelt simulations are' included. Similar to evaporation rates, a monthly
average wind speed should be provided. When ajiaily NOAA data file is selected,
MET will automatically compute monthly values for evaporation and wind speed.
Air temperature can be entered on either Screen Nb.3 or Screen No. 6 based upon the
types of snowmelt simulation. Continuous snowmelt simulation requires a complete
time history of daily maximum and minimum temperatures on Screen No: 3V These
maximum/minimum temperatures are supplied on the NOAA data file. A single event
snowmelt simulation receives air temperatures from Screen No. 6 for a given time step
entered on the first screen. The temperatures are constant over the time interval.
After all the data are entered, the MET will generate four MET interface files: a RAIN
data interface file, a TEMP data interface file, an evaporation and wind speed file
(EVAWIND), and a single event snow melt: temp file (SINAIR). The first two
interface files are the SWMM scratch files processed during the execution of jhe Runoff
block. The other two ffles would be processed Into the RunofrBioc^lhpuirrileT The
evaporation and wind speed data from the EVAWIND file will be placed on Fl and C2
data group lines in the RUNOFF input file, respectively. The air temperature from the
SINAIR file will be input to C5 data group fine? -- -
Page 11
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SWMM Windows interface User's Guide
Table 3.1 Data Category and Screen Input in MET interface
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SW4M Windows Interface User's Guide
3.2 RUNOFF -.-_-. " - : . :. : ' '' .; :-..
The RUNOFF interface is designed to. closely follow the input representation order in
the Runoff Block. Input data in RUNOFF are divided into five data elements: general
control parameter, meteorological data, water quality, description of a drainage system,
and print control. The general control parameter includes identifying a MET file,.unit,
simulation length, starting date, time step, and type of simulations. These selections
determine whether subsequent screens or controls;are accessible. ';The meteorological.
data include precipitation, evaporation; temperature, and wind speed, which should be
generated through the MET function. Water quality simulation requires the user to
specify up to ten pollutants and appropriate parameters to buildup and washoff
mechanisms, arid up to fiv# land uses to characterize idifferent subcatchments. Erosion
and groundwater simulations are optional. A drainage system can be described as
number of subcatchments (subwaiersheds). connected with channels/pipes. Necessary
inputs, associated with subcatchment are surface area, width, ground slope, Manning's
roughness coefficienti and infiltration rates,; Channel descriptions are the length,
Manning's roughness coefficient, invert slops, diameterfor pipes, and cross-sectional
dimensions of the channel. Other inputs are discussed in Section 2.1.
There are a total of twenty-three screens in the RUNOFF interface. The screen input
sequence ;(see Table 3.2) ireflects an overall^structure of the Runoff Block, Screen
numbers are assigned corresponding to the dataelements andrto cover ali-the^iriput
requirements. Table 3.2 also shows the relationship between the screen numbers in the
RUNOFF interface and SWMM ID (Group Identifiers) in a RUNOFF input file.
Furthermore, a spreadsheet (see Table, A.2) is generated to identify the controls
(variables) for each screen. This table define the following for RUNOFF:
1. variable name in the Runoff Block, ; ,
2. the description of the variable,
3. SWMM ID in the RunoffBlock, _
4.' - screen number, '. ..""- -.""'..' " ".""" '!": !t '.._ ..V7.."'"~w '""'"".:"""""" f ;'
5. control number,
6. control type, item, tinge, default, and unit.
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Windows Interface User's Guide
Table 3;2 Screen Input Sequence in RUNOFF Interface
z
i
1
4
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3.
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
Each variable in the Runoff Block for SWMM 4.2 has a unique control number.on a
particular screen in the RUNOFF interface. For example, if you refer to. the first page
of Table A.2, a variable WEI in SWMM 4.2 is interpreted as Wet time step (sec),
which is the eighth control on the first screen. For WET, the SID (SWMM ID) should
be under Group Bl, the type is floating, the range .must be equal or greater than one.
the default should be 3600.0 seconds, and the unit .is in seconds. The relationship
between variables of SWMM 4.2 and .controls Of SWMM interface can be easily
checked in Table A.2. . . .
'3.3'., USEHP' ' ', '.. ' -.'...'; ' .- -"".' . : '-..-
The USEHP function is designed to store inlet flows and concentrations. This .option
is preferable to the RUNOFF interface file option for those users who wish mainly to
use the Transport Block or the Extran Block.: For EXTRAN, the user should provide
only inlet hydrographs in USEHP since EXTRAN is not capable of simulating water
quality. Any quality information is input to EXTRAN is ignored by the program.
There are a total of five screens in the USE3P interface and input requirements are
listed in Table 3.3. USEHP will generate four USEHP files as input to the Transport
and.Extran Blocks. As shown in Table 3.3., in a Transport input, the values stored in
the USEHP file will be placed the variables (MNPUT and NCNTRL), Illline, and Rl
lines for inlet hydrographs; a variable (NPOLL) and Fl lines for poUutographs, In
Extran input, the values win be placed a variable (NJSW) and K1-K3 lines for inlet
hydrographs. , .'"..,-;
Table 3.3 Screes lapul Sequence In USEHP interface
Data
Componeat
1
2
' . Category
General Control "
Parameters
Lift of lale* Numbers
Pbllvtaat Hants Table
Time of day
Hydrograph/Polhttograph
Table ,
Data Requirement
Units, # of inlets,-* of
pollutants, # of data points
Inlet number ,
Pollutant name, input and
output limit
Time ia hours
Time series of flows and
coaceatradoos
Transport
Block
NINPUT :
NPOLL
11
Fl
Rl
Extran
Block
NJSW
K2
No
Ki,K3-.
Screen
No.
I
2
3
4
' 5 -
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
3.4 TRANSPORT
The Transport Block was implemented following the same procedure as used for the
Runoff Block. Table 3,4 indicates the screen input .sequence in the TRANSPORT,
interface, as compared to,in the SWMM model. The TRANSPORT interface is
characterized into six data components, namely TRANSPORT simulation control, sewer
system description, water quality, 'infiltration and dry-weather flow, study area
description, and print control. TRANSPORT simulation control defines an inlet
hydrograph and pollutograph file, computational parameters, units, and types of
simulation. Sewer system description provides the physical characteristics of the
conveyance system. Quality data identify pollutants to be routed and their
characteristics. Infiltration and Dry-Weather Flow (DWF) data describe ;the necessary
drainage area characte- sties to permit the computation of the respective inflow
quantities and qualities. Print control reports a time history .of inlet hydrographs and
pollutographs, and a time history of channel depths.
The physical representation of the sewer system ik_a key input to the TRANSPORT
simulation. The sewer system is classified as a certain type of "element." All elements
in combination form in a manner are ^similar to that of links and nodes (Huber and
Dickinson, 1989). Elements; in a real system can be described as a network of conduits
(e.g., channels/pipes) joined with non-conduitsi such as manholes. Conduits themselves
may J>e pOiffenmt^el^^
Non-conduits must be located at points corresponding to inlet points for hydrographs
generated by either the Runoff Block or USEHP. According to SWMM documentation,
there is a total of twenty-five types of elements that are available for use in Transport
Block (See Table 3.5). Eighteen of them are conduit elements and seven are non-
conduit elements. For the elements with regular shapes, data requirements are usually
the tabulation of shape, dimension, slope, arid roughness parameters. While for the
elements with irregular shapes, supplemental (data are required, such as flow-area and
depth-area relationships of the elements. The irregular shapes are new shapes and
natural channels with HEC-2 format for conduit elements and. storage tanks: for non-
conduit elements.
Only up to four poUutants can be handled for water quality simulation in the Transport
Block. Pollutants may be introduced to the sewer system by either the RUNOFF
interface or USEHP using the data group II zmd Rl in the Transport input file.
The TRANSPORT interface contains a total of seventeen screens. The data components
associated with screen numbers in the interface and SWMM ID in SWMM 4.2 are
presented in Table 3.4. Table A.3 contains a description, of the TRANSPORT data
requirements including variable definitions, SWMM ID, screen number, control
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
number, control type, control item, type, range, default, and units., This^table was
designed to assist in assembling data for .implementing WINDOWS processes of
SWMM and give a .clear picture of identifying: the variable used in TRANSPORT
interface as compared to SWMM 4.2. . .
The TRANSPORT interface reads the data for conduit and non-conduit elements from
the Sewer System Table on Screen No. 3. Different element types supplied with the
TRANSPORT block and corresponding element Barnes used in the TRANSPORT
interface are listed in Table 3.5. Three irregular shapes of elements are a natural,
channel, a user supplied shajpe, and a storage unit. They are treated as special elements
and to be separate functions in the TRANSPORT interface. Currently, the
TRANSPORT allows the user to specify three types of files, which correspond to three
types of sewer elements. The files must contain the input parameters required by the
TRANSPORT input. The .three types of files are XHEC2###.PIP for a natural channel,
XSHAP###.PIP for a user supplied shape, and XTANKW.PIP for a storage unit.
Page 17
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
Table 3.4 Screen Input Sequence in TRANSPORT Interface
3
I
i
!i
..S
*
3f
!
18
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SWMAf Windows Interface User's Guide
Table 3.5 Different Element Types in Transport Block
. NTYPE-.
Transport Block '
TRANSPORT interface
. CONDUIT ELEMENTS '
1
2
3
. 4
5
6 ' . '
'. 1-
8
9
10
n
12
13
. 14
15
16
17, 18
Circular
Rectangular
Phillips standard egg shape
Boston horseshoe
Gothic ." . .
Catenary .
Louisville semielliptic " "
Basket-handle .
Semi-circular , '
Modified basket-handle
Rectasgular, triaagular bottom
Rectangular, tomd bottom - -- "-'
Trapszoid
Parabolic -
Power Functum
HEC-2 Fonrat - Natural Channel
User supplied
.Circular
Rectangular .
Egg shape
Horseshoe
Gothic
Catenary . 1
Semielliptic
Baslet-Handle
Semi-circular
Modified B-H
R -h tri bottom
" R -+ round bottom
Trapezoid
Parabolic ' .
Power F
XHEC2#f#.PIP
XSHAP###.PIP
NON-CONDUIT ELEMENTS .
I9
20
21
22
23
24
25
"Manhole : ^ '". ' " '" " '"
Liftstatioa
FUw divider
Storage unit
Flow divider - weir
Flow divider .
Backwater elcnsat .
Manhole
Lift station
Flow divider |
XTANK#^.PIP ' |
Flow divider/Weir
Flow divider
Backwater . .
Pegs 19
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
3.5 EXTRAN -.'.'.' .' " , ' ' '; ,-....
There .are three data components included in the Extran Block: EXTRAN simulation
control, sewer system description, .and output print and plot. The EXTRAN simulation.
control defines the simulation, an inlet hydrograph file, computational control, and
simulation methods. Like the TRANSPORT interface, EXTRAN gets inlet flows from
either a RUNOFF interface file or a USEHP file. Therefore, the user must run either
RUNOFF or USEHP before proceeding with EXTRAN. The sewer system description
are further divided into two sections: identification of channels/conduits and junctions.
The cross sections of channels/conduits can be regular or irregular. For regular
channels, input data are relatively simple. For irregular channels,however,data are
complex and a detailed description to define cross sections for each channel is needed.
Junction data can be described as regular junctions and special flow devices which
divert sanitary sewage out of a combined sewer system or relieve the storm load on
sanitary interceptors. The five types of junctions are storage, orifice, weir, pump, and
outfall. Like irregular channels, those special junctions may require Detailed input
describing a time-history curve for stage, volume,1 flow, etc. Output print and plot
determinemumber junctionsjand channels ^for printing and plotting of heads and flows.
-~--ii-- -VM--'- -T- _ - ;, ซ-. .*>_..,- ป. -4-. ~',^_ .... ^-""^ -'; _ . - " (."-. :,-:.- -.,,,'',',
There are twenty-threescreens for the EXTBAN interface, as shown in Table 3.6.
Sixteenofthese screens are for inputs for channels and junctions. Two looping screens
are developed to handle large input depending upon the type of channel or junction.
Variable input sequences on; each screen are given in Table A.4, which defines the
variable name* the description of variable, SWMM ID, screen number, control number,
and the variable's usage.
Screens No. 4 and 5 are designed to store the data for natural channels, which use me
same format as used in the HEC-2 model.
3.6~^ Limitations of SWMM Windows Interface
The SWMM Windows Interface has several limitations. These limitations are
summarized below: = , ,;; .
1. In the RUNOFF Windows interface, the maximum number of watersheds and
channels allowed is 100. For the SWMM Model 4.2, the maximum number
allowed is 200. In die TRANSPORT and EXTRAN Interfaces, the maximum
number of inlets and channels allowed is 100, while the maximum number of
inlets and channels allowed in the SWMM model is 200.
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
2. Due to problems -with the -subcatchmeht number variable, which would not
accept names, .all IDs in all the Windows interfaces have to be integers instead
of characters. You cannot enter a name for pipes,, subcatchments, inlet
numbers. ' :, ...
3. ~ Due to problems encountered with the snow melt simulation and with the
conversion of the pan evaporation date;;daily evaporation rate and wind speed
data from the MET interface for continuous snowmelt simulation will be
con verted, to monthly data.
4. The post-processor in SWMM has not been implemented in Windows.
Page 21
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SWMAf Windows Interface User's Guide
Table 3.6 Screen Input Sequence in EXTRAN Interface
ฑ
2
.
S3
s
ta
0
U!
S
g
I'll
<* 3 v
I
1
s-
1
!l
ui
.1.
i
Page 22
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SW^fM Windows Interface User's Guide
4 . MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND
SYSTEM LOADING
4.1 Minimum System Requirements
The system runs under Microsoft* Windows. The minimum system requirements are
provided below: . . .
ฎ Windows Version 3.0
80386 Processor , . .
4 Megabytes. RAM , ' .
ป 10 Megabytes hard disk space
NOTE: .A math co-processor is recommended but not required.
4.2 Loading the System .
STEP 1 . Go to DOS and create a directory ph the hard disk: MDNSWMM.
NOTE: You must have 10 Megabytes of space on the hard disk drive on
which you are instalUng
STEP 2. Place the disk marked SWMM Disk #1 in either drive A: or
drive B:. Go to the directory that you created (CDVSWMM) and
enter the following command from that directory:
' ' ' "; " A:INSTALL As . - . '..-,/__.
'. '''".- "or ' ' ' ' ' "' ' . '
; ' B:INSTALL B:(if the disk is in drive B:)
STEPS: ; Follow the instructions for copying. .- -_ ~; .
.-...._ . i '"- -'."
STEP 4. Once you have finished copying the files, create an icon in the
Windows Main Menu using the NEW option in the FILE menu
under the program manager, the executable for which you
should create an icon is described below:
. , Executable Descriptions ' ' '' '
SWMM.EXE The main SWMM executable. This executable
allows you access to the two SWMM options:
Page 23
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SWMM WiMows interface laser's Guide
The Windows 'Interface Option:
... This option calls .up all the windows
implementations of me various blocks of SWMM
as explained in: Section 3. .
Manual Run Option:
; For experience users of SWMM and those
familiar with the structure of. the input files, this
option allows you to edit input files directly using
. . a data editor. . . .
You may choose to have SWMM be a separate group under the
Program, Haw it as one D^rhe-lteitirm^n^-STjiKtUP menu so
r
that it is available whenever you log into the Windows or make
.it ah item under the MAIN MENU so that you.can access it when
, you wish to use. Refer to your Windows Manual for information
---.'.- - on creating an icon for SWMM. -.,...._
NOTE: The working directory option should be the one containing the
executables since SWMM^requires, certain table files in order to
^ .create the input files, c; ""FT \'-'- '"'"":':"':. 7 ''";-;- :.
STEPS. You axe now ready to uise SWMM.
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Windows Interface User's Guide
5. USING THE SWMM WINDOWS INTERFACE
v '
Once you have finished loading the software, you. will be ready to access the SWMM
Windows Interface and Manual Run interface,, When you select the Windows Interface
option, you will see a flow-chart that is shown in Figure 3.1 that shows the various
blocks that are available and the sequence you should, follow in accessing them. All the
. blocks share certain characteristics since they are all in Windows. .This section details
how to use the capabilities available in the various interfaces in SWMM. In addition,
it will detail the Manual Run option as well. This section describes the following:
How to access an existing file or opening a new file
File-Naming Conventions .'... ,
Saving Input Files
Setting Up a Default Editor, for Viewing Output Files
SWMM Windows Interface commands and function keys
ฎ .Using the Manual Run option j . ,
5.1 Accessing an Existing Fileor Opening si New File
.--.,_ _ \ -.,---- ........... ^ . . - ^ ^ _ .
When you first enter any of the Windows SWMM Blocks, you will be automatically
assigned a new file. The new file name and number will appear at the top of the screen
in parentheses. _ ....'- -=:-'". "^/'-rr .'--'. '"-v :"/'-. 'v " "' " v"-' "'" ..-" "-"; "
To access an existing file, click on the FJLE option on the very top line, select the
QPEN option and select the'file that you want from the Ust that appears. When you
click on the FILE option, you will be asked to verify that you actually wish to open a
new file. This is to remind you that calling a new file will overwrite all the values
contained in the file that you are in presently. "\ .
''''. -
NOTE: The input files must be in the same location as the *.EXE files
(the SWMM executable files). If you elect to read in an existing
file from a different directory, the directory that the sfile is in
. becomes the default directory for SWMM; .All the data files for
SWMM must exist in the default directory. So we strongly
recommend that you do not save input files in any location other
than the SWMM directory..
If you selected an existing; file to edit, when you choose to save the file, the existing
file will be rwritten wth the new v^es unless you choose the SAVE AS option and
assign a new file name. Please remember, if you are assigning a new name to a file,
Page 25
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Windows Interface tisef's Guide
to follow the naming conventions followed by SWMM explained in the next subsection.
5.2 SWMM FUe Naming Conventions
The naming convention of files in SWMM is as follows: the first five characters are the
function name, the next three digits are sequentially -assigned numbers that indicate the
number of the input file that you are currently creating, and the file extension indicates
the file type. Table 5.1 summarizes naming conventions of the SWMM interface for
each function. There are two file extensions in the MET input files. One extension is
.MET which indicates user defined meteorological data, and the other is ,ATH which
indicates long term meteorological data obtained 'from the EPA Athens Lab. The file
extensions in the RUNOFF and TRANSPORT- iriterfaces are "also standardized. For
instance, *.INP is the input file and *.OUT is the output file.
5.3 Saving Input Files
SWMM will ask you whether you -wish i to isave the input file when you exit the
interface functions or when you reach the last screen of an interface function.
However, if you have accessed an existing file and made all the changes before
reaching the last screen, you may save the input file by proceeding to the FILE option
and selecting the SAVE option. Once you have completed an input file, you may
submit it to the SWMM model or the appropriate model for execution. When you
submit the input file to the model, the input file will be validated by the Windows
interface. If any errors are detected during the validation, you will be informed of
them and .brought to the incorrect entry so that you might effect the change
immediately. '.'."
5.4 Settiog Up a Def&uit Editor f or Vi^Hag Output Fdes
The default editor for vjewing and ^jting SWMM; outgut or input files (through the
Manual Run Option) is the NOTEPAD program in Windows. The NOTEPAD program
will not allow you to view files larger than 64 Kilobytes (K). Most of the SWMM
output files generated by the interface options are larger than 64 K. You may choose
any other editor for viewing the output by seltscting me "Utilities option on the second
line of the screen. Click on Setup Output File Viewer. You will then be required to
enter the location and executable name of the output file editor when you select this
option. . ,
Page 26
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
Table S.I Naming Conventions of SWMM Interface
SWMM Interface'
' L
. ' ',
METeorological
dau editor
(MET)
RUNOFF
" -- .
USEr dsfiotd .
Hydrogrupoa eod
PoUulogtapha
(USEHP)
TRANSPORT.
EXTRAN
FihXuw <
SMETW.MET
.ATM
SMETW0.MTI
SMETW.MTS
SMETMjr.Mn
sMEnw.vfM
RNOFFMV.INP
RNOFFMf.RUN
RNOFWW.OUT w
BNOFTOW.INT ,
USEHHM.HP
U3aHNW.H?l
USEHPSW.HFS
USEH?fl#.HP3
USEHPMW.Hf* -
TRANMW.INP
XTANKM0.ni> '
XSHAMJV.HP
XHECUป.nP
TSANSJW.MJK
TtANS**f.OUT -
TKAN&PM.INT
EXnUMW.INP
EKnUtMftkUN
EXTBN*M.OUT
EXntNMMNT
File Type (Fmt)l
Input f A)
Input (A)
Output/Input (B)
Input (A)
Input (A)
Output (A)
Output (8) :
Iaput(A)
Output/Input (A)
;
Input (A)
Output (A)
Output (B)
Input (A)
Output (A)
GuJpusO)
Content
MET Windovn ihten'aee, input.
Conaitti of daily meteorological dau for all NOAA fint order -
nations in (he U.S. Provided by the EPA Enviro. Rea Lab in
Athens. GA. .
A Rain interface file that contains precipitation dau. An input *
file to the Runoff Block.
A Temp interface file (hat contain* maximum and minmum
temperatures. This ii an input file .to the. Runoff Block.
An mohsfaly evaporation and wind apeed' file. To be placed in
F 1 and C2Iinea in a Runoff input file. ;
A air temp .data file for tangle snow melt simulation. To be
placed in CS line in a Runoff input file. ' . ป
RUNOFF Windows interface input.
RUNOFF run file which can be executed under DOS.
Runoff output generated by SWMM.
Ruaaoffioter&s* fife gaastsied by SWMM, can be used for
aubatquens blocks.
USEHP Wiadowauasrfaeeiaput.
Aa ickt bydregnpb sad/or pollutognph file. To be placed in
tiso NBNWT, NPOUU Fl. II. aad Rl lines in a Tnnaport
input Gla.
Aa inlet hydrograph file to be placed in K1-K3 linea and
NJSW in ETRAN input file.
TRANSPORT Windows interface input.
Storage lank dels fite defined by tfca user. '
New chapes data file defined by the user
Natural channel (HEC-2 format) data file defined by the user.
TRANSPORT run file which can be executed under DOS..
Tratupori output generated by SWMM
Transport interface 'fite generated by SWMM, which can be
~ used for subsequent blocks. .
EXTRAN Windows Interface input
EXTRAN run file which can be executed uader DOS.
Eann output gensfatad by SWMM
ExBurieteriaca-fite. can to uasd tot aubeequset blocks.
"Viks ^bOEfti can bป wtSisr ASCil (A) off ftunaiy
-------
SWMM Windows interface User's Guide
5.5 Submitting an Input File to the Model
When you have completed the input file for the interface that you are in, select the
RUN button to run the model with the input file you created. When you select the
RUN option, ail the entries in the/ile will be validated. If any errors are detected.
during the validation, SWMM will put up a message informing you of the type of error
detected and will then take you to the prompt that is incorrect. Once all the values are
. valid, the file is submitted to the appropriate m
-------
SW&JM Windows Interface Riser's Guide
The INDEX Function
The HELP Button
time) or correcting the error. The cursor will blink at the
prompt with the incorrect entry, if you elect to correct the
error before moving on. ...
Instead of moving backwards and forwards through the
screens, you may use;the INDEX feature to hop back and
forth.between screens.. To access this feature, move your
.cursor over the INDEX button and click with the^mouse ,
button, or enter ALT, N. Ail the screens available in this
option will be displayed with the screen title and the.
screen numbers. Certain screens will be grayed out. ,
This indicates that these screens are not accessible due
to selections made on other screens. The screen that
you were in when you selected the INDEX button will
be highlighted in blue text
If you wish to see the prompts that appear on each
screen, press-the EXPAND button at the bottom of the
INDEX screen. The screen names and numbers will then
/include all: the prompts containedin the screens.- You
may contract the screen again to the normal display of
-just the screen names and nuihber^by clicking "on the
CONTRACT button.: .; -;-""- . . - - ------f^-
To move to the screen that you want, move your cursor
over the screen number of any non-gray screen and click
the left mouse button. You are taken immediately to that
screen. To exit the .INDEX screen and return to the
previous screen, click on the CANCEL button.
This option allows you access help information on that
interface. You have two different types of help: Prompt-
Level Help which contains information on the specific
.prompt that your cursor is_on or,on which you are
entering data and General Help which contains a general
description of the SWMM system. ;
To access General Help, move your cursor to the tool
bar and the select the HELP option, or enter ALT, H
from the keyboard. A menu will appear. Select the
HELP INDEX option or enter I from the key board.
2%
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Windows interface User's Guide
The CALC Button
The TOP Button
The RUN Button
To access Prompt-Level Help, move your cursor over to
the prompt on which you would like information and
press either the Fl function key or move your cursor over
to the HELP button and click. ,
A window will appear in either case displaying broad help
or prompt-specific hejlp. If you are accessing prompt-
specific help, you may. browse through the helps for all
the,additional prompts that are related to the prompt you
are on by accessing the forward and backward BROWSE
keys." ' ' . .' - ' ',. .
All words Or sentences that are in green and underlined
have further information on them. Move your cursor
over the phrase on which you would Uke further
information and click.' You will be taken to that option.
There is a search function within the HELP functions that
aUows^youuto .jype*:jur-'a iword jad;-find all thejielp
available on -the word that you typed. To access this,
select the SEARCH key in ;the HELP window and follow^
instructions;.
When you are through viewing help, exit the help window
by either entering ALT, F4 from the keyboard or by
moving the cursor over to the icon on the top left comer
of the window and double clicking the left mouse button.
You will be returned to the screen that^ you were in
previously.
This option allows you to access the Calculator Function
within Windows, should you require the use of a
calculator at;any screen in SWMM.
This option allows you to move to the first screen in
SWMM from any..screen without haying to use the
INDEX function. : .
This option allows you to submit an input file that you
have created to the SWMM model for .execution. If you
have incorrect entries in the file when you click on this
Page 30.
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5WMAf WirutiwS interface User's Guide
. button, SWMM will inform you that you have incorrect
values and take you to the appropriate prompt so that you
may correct the value and resubmit the file.
The RESTORE Button This option allows you to restore the default values that
: were in the; file before you started making changes for
this screen. This is an option that allows you to start .
... again without having to exit the system or go back to
: every variable that you changed.
5.7" Manual Run Option
This option is one of two main options available to you in the SWMM main menu.
This option allows you to ฉlit input files and submit the appropriate ones to the model.
Table 5. 1 gives you a summary of all the input and output files generated by SWMM
and their file formats. Refer to it ifyouhave any questions about any of the files.
You may only edit ASCII files. This optionrequires some expertise in SWMM, so we
recommend that you use the Windows interface option to familiarize yourself with the *
SWMM Model prior to using this option. To change the default file editor, select the
Utilities option at the top of the screen. Click on Setup Output File Viewer. You will
then be required to enter the location and executable name of the output file editor when
you select this option; ^-^T^.^
You have two options for the SWMM Input files:
EDIT You may edit two types of files using this option: *.RUN, which are the
files generated by the RUNOFF, TRANSPORT, and EXTRAN
bterfaees fioir input to SWMM or *:DAT files, which are the traditional
files created for the DOS model version of SWMM that you may have
created previously or\came with.the SWMM model (the .example nins
:-- - that-are provided, see1Section 5)^
RUN Once you have edited either the *. RUN files or the *. DAT files, you
may submit them for processing by; the SWMM model by selecting this
'button. ' '"" ~~ ":"~" ' "- '"'" ' '
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'SWMM Windows --Interface- User's Guide
Tills page is intentiiooally blank.
Page 32
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
6. EXAMPLE RUNS .;
This section contains four example runs to illustrate how to best use the SWMM
Windows interface. The ex;imple runs are selected in an attempt to exercise the major
portions of the SWMM interface. A matrix of SWMM interface with the various runs
is shown in Table 6.1. The SWMM-interface contains five functions: MET, RUNOFF,
USEHP, TRANSPORT, .and EXTRAN. Each function has its own components, and
each-component may be divided into sections if applicable. .Five SWMM, interface
functions and their subdivisions are listed in the first column. The four example runs
are given on the top row of Table 6. L For a given example, two or more functions
may be used depending on the level of complexity of the simulation. Example 2 shown
in table 6.1, for instance, illustrates the combination of three.functions: MET,
RUNOFF, and TRANSPORT. It includes the applications on 1) how to generate
precipitation data for a single event simulation using MET; 2) how to describe a
drainage system with channels and subwatersheds and simulate runoff and water quality
using RUNOFF; and 3) how to apply TRANSPORT on a sewer system for the
simulations of infiltration, dry weather, and water quality.
These examples were obtained from the EPA and demonstrated the applications on the
Rain, Temp , Runoff, Transport, and Extran Blocks in the SWMM model. The
interface runs can be checked using the input files supplied by EPA along with the
distribution package for SWMM. The example input files prepared for testing the
SWMM Windows interface and'corresponding ones used for SWMM 4.2 are listed in
Table 6.2. This table indicates the relationship between functions used in die SWMM
interface and Blocks in SWMM 4.2 for each example run. The first example is a
screening level example: the rainfall-runoff was simulated through a single watershed.
The first run shows the use of the MET and RUNOFF functions, while the second one
presents a user supplied hyetographs utilizing MET, .RUNOFF, and TRANSPORT.
The sequence of running the SWMM Windows interface are given in the FUNCTION
column of Table 6.2. In example 1, MET produces an input file called
SMET001.MET, and further generates a Rain interface file after a RUN button is
selected. This is equivalent to running the Rain Block using two: input files:
RAIN8.DAT and USRN4.DAT. A RUNOFF input file, RNOFF001.INP, generated
by the interface can be checked .witha Runoff Block input..file, RUNOFF36.DAT.
Page 33
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5 WMM Windows Interface User's Guide
Table 6A Example Run Mtatrix for SVVMM Windows Interface
FUNCTION ' '. ' 'i, ' EXAMPLE,RUN '.
'': -' ' ' .-''' i 2 3 :' . 4
MET' ' . .' ' ; :
Precipitation . . e
Rain gage ' Single * ' , .
- . , Muiti : ' ;'''; . ;
Evaporation - Default rates * .
Monthly rates
Snow - Wind Speed !
Temp- Single Event . i
. - Continuous .. , . .''.. '
RUINUMf: .. ' ' . ' .: "
Drainage System . , . ' ;
Channels/Pipes .; e
1 - Watersheds/ , e '
- - Subctitchments .'''.
Snow - Single Event ._.'....
'.'""- Continuous'. ., ". "" "'" . '-*~'": '. '"'_ ~ " '.
Groundwater' ' . . ' -- ...__. - - - -:-; ;.- -\ -'... ,...,. .. ' .
-Water Quality- '-*-:-'::^~- ' ~^^^/-ฅ^:^-; -*-*%- . .fes:^'-^;^--,- ."' .-..--.;.
Erosion' ' '''' ' .
Inlet
Flow
Pollutant
. ---,-. . -.- - - - ,--.., r. ' .- ..
..Single ' ..,..: . .
Multi .
- - ,.ป.. -. .- = !. .....,..---,.- v-.. .-.-.-;.
... :. . _.-.-- ; . .:.;.- :\ .9-- . ..
" : . ''..'.
.
9
ป
Sewer System
Storage Tank
New Shape .
- Natural Qiannel
Infiltration Inflow
Dry Weather Inflow
Water Quality
USEHP
EXTRAN
Sewer
Junctions .(one free outfall)
Boundary Conditions
Inlet Hydrograpos
RUNOFF Interface
USEHP
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SWftfM Windows interface User's Guide
Table 6.2 Example Input files with SWMM Windows and SWMM 4.2
Example
.1 '
' 2 '
.; 3 '
10
SWMM User Interface
Function
MET..
RUNOFF
,MET
RUNOFF
TRANSPORT
USEHP
TRANSPORT
USEHP
EXTRAN
Input File
SMETOOl.MET .
RNOFF001.INP
. SMET002.MET
RNOFF002.INP
TRANSOOl.INP
USEHP002.HP
TRANS002.INP
USEHP001.HP
EXTRN001.INP
SWMM 4.2
Block
Rain
Runoff
Runoff
r .
Transport
Transport
Extras
Input File
RAIN8.DAT
USRN4.DAT
RUNOFF36.DAT
RUNOFF3.DAT
TRANS1.DAT
TRANS35.DAT
EXAM1.DAT
6.1 Example 1 - A UseivDefined Hyetograph (A Screening-Level Example)
This is an example of a user-defined time series of rainfall with a total precipitation of
28.0 mm. A user defined hyetograph is shown in Table 6.3. The format (see Table
6.3) required by MET is the same one used in Rain Block interface file. A single
catchment with a total drainage area of 300 hectares receives rainfall through an inlet.
The catchment characteristics are 20% of. impervious area, 100 meters long for
catchment width, and 0.00 Wor ground slope.-The total simulation length lasts 3 days.
This example is there to show you how to use MET and RUNOFF together to perform
a Runoff Block Run. Only hydrologic simulation is involved.
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
Table 6.3 A User-Defined Hyetdgraph in MET
Julian Date
88001
88001
88001
: "88601; ~
88001
; 88001
88001 -
88001
88002:
88002
88002
Hour1
(second)
3600
7200
10800 '
~:~ '."Bzoer ~
26100
27900 1
'--30600'-- --
34000
3780Q .. . :
41400
45000
Time Interval
THISTO
(second)
300
300 :
.'.: . 300 .; '.
'~'~3W"V~
300
-- . '300 '.' .:.
.,.;...'. 30b ;-...
" ' 3oo. :'/:'
";;: .300 : -;
300 ;
300
Rainfall Intensity
(mrh/hr)
'12'.
'"- .' 2> '
o
"""- T2" 'L'"'v"""
12
, -. .. 12'-
,:.- -.^.-.-."24J,,...V;V:..
42
:r.''i:r":54';:r:::Tr
66
78
1 Daytime (starting storm) hour in seconds from midnight
The steps that you must follow for this screening-level example are explained in detail
below:1-. ' _._- ^^_ _ j;"- - 'L _i_ ' '-""''". .' ''-'
STEP 1. Select the SWMM Windows Interface option from the main SWMM
menu. Next, select the MET option, which is the first option in the flow
chart, by clicking on the option.
STEP 2. Select the example MET data that has been created for you by clicking on
the FILE option, followed by the &PEN option. Select the first file listed:
SMET001.ME1V The file will be loaded into the MET interface. Move
through the scnsens and familiarize yourself with the MET option. Use
the HELP button to answer any questions you may have. Compare the
input to Table 6,3 to make sure that it is the right file.
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SWMMWindows Interface User's Guide <
STEP 3, Next, click on the RUN button. MET will then generate a Rain Block
interface file. You must have used the RUN button before you may
proceed to the next block in SWMM.
STEP 4. Exit the MET' option by pressing the ALT key and F4 function key. You
will be returned.to the SWMM Windows Interface menu. Select the
RUNOFF option. !. .
" . ' i-
STEP 5. Click on the ]=ILE option, select the QPEN File option. A list.of Runoff
Input Files will appear. Select the RNOFF001.ENP file for this example
run. Once you select this option, the parameters for this example run will
'be entered from the file. The first 'screen for the RUNOFF block also
allows you to enter the Meteorological Input file. If the file that you
.created forjhe. MET option does not show, in the input option for the file
name, click on the arrow key toMfce "right of the option. A fist bfexisting
meteorological file names will appear. Select SMET001.MET. Please
note that, if you did apt use the RUN button from the MET interface,
you will, not be able to use the MET data since the interface file will
not'exist.' You will be informed 6y the interface that the input file
-,.-',,. -i";.C"l--"fiPwWnot be read, if you did wot carซmte the Ram Block Interface file
, inMET. . "."'" ' --.-";-? |,v .--" /:" -.^-.- ^ :
STEP 6. Familiarize yourself with the screens in the RUN5FF option by moving
through the screens using either the NEXT, BACK or INDEX options.
Refer to Section 5 for more information on these buttons. Certain
important screens are detailed below.
Screens 1 and 2: .
The hydrolopc simulation starts at January 1, 1988 and the simulation
length is three days. Three time steps should be entered. Screen 2 in
RUNOFF determines the complexity of the simulation. In this case,
snowmelt is not included; default evaporation rates are ussd; and metric
units are selected. Screens 3 through 8 are grayed because no snowmelt
is simulated. ' ..
.Screen 1ฉ:
This screen fdves you the physical representation of the watershed. For
this example, you have a single watershed without a connecting channel.
One inlet is defined as a raingage station in MET for this watershed.
Please note that the raingage station in MET must match the hyetograph
number in RUNOFF. For this example, raingage station number is 1,
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Windows Interface User's Guide
. - ' .'Screen 12: ; . ' ' ''.:'.-,.'..''' ' ' '
You will notice that two infiltration equations are available to you in this
. screen: (1) the Hortbn and (2) the, modified Green-Ampt equation.The
Horton model-is empirical and is perhaps the best known of the infiltration
equations. . Many hydrologists have a "feel" for the best values for its
three parameters despite the fact that little published information is
available. . . " . ' : .
; The Green-Arript equation is a physically-based model that can give you
a good description of the infiltration process. The Mein-Larspn (1973)
formulation of the Green-Ampt equation is a two-stage model. The first
step predicts the volume of water, which will infiltrate before the surface
becomes saturated. From this point onwards, infiltration capacity is
predicted directly by the Green-Ampt equation, this equation is
applicable also if the rainfall intensity is less than the infiltration capacity
at the beginning of the storm. New data have been published to help
users, evaluate the parameter values (e.g. Carlisle et at 1981). Both
equations require three differentTaseffieients. ^
K to ;entertheซ coefficients ^
additional function to help users with these coefficients. Depending on the
: ^fon selected by theuser, defiiiitionsof each of these coefficient will
-^appearwhen the user cUcks on the approprmte variable.
For this example, the Green-Ampt equation has been selected. .The three
coefficients are 4.0 for the average capillary suction of water, 1.0 for the
saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil, and, 0.34 for the initial moisture
deficit for soil. ,
STEP 7. Submit the RUNOFF input file to the SWMM model for execution by
clicking on the RUK button. An icon will appear on the bottom of the
-'- screen mth:the words SWMM MOD>EL EXECUTION on the icon.
When the processing is complete, the output will be shown in the default
output file viewer. View the output carefully and see how the SWMM
model functions in this screening level example. Press the ALT/F4
sequence to exit when you are through. You will be returned to the
RUNOFF block. Press the ALT/F4 sequence again until you are back at
the SWMM main .menu. .:
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Windows Interface User's Guide
6.2 Example 2 - Steven's Avenue Drainage District in Lancaster, PA (MET,
RUNOFF, and TRANSPORT)
The 67 hectare. Stevens Avenue Drainage District in Lancaster, Pennsylvania is a
relatively steep (average slope = 0.046) combined, sewered catchment with its overflow
tributary to Coriestoga Creek. It has been the site of intermittent monitoring activity
since 1972 due to its selection as the location of a swirl concentrator as an EPA
demonstration .grant. Although several storms were monitored prior to construction.
activities, the measurement technique was by use of a Manning's equation rating curve
for depths in a supercritical flow pipe section ("manhole 5.1" of SWMM
schematization). As a result, measured flows (at 1.5 minute intervals) are very "flashy"
and erratic; 6-min averages, have been used in the'SWMM calibration using the storm
of November 28, 1973, taken from the EPA Urban Rainfall-Runoff-Quality Data Base
(Huber et al., 1981). Further information about the catchment and sampling is given.
in the Data Base report and by Heaney et al. (1975). Quality concentration data have
also been used for SS, BODS, and COD calibrations using the same storm. Artificially
high COD values are input at selected manholes ;|o produce dry-weather flow COD
values since the dry-weather flow generated by subroutine FILTH cannot generate any
COD. . -. .- - .- ":.-.-.-.~>,~i:i?^.-:^i-^-^!^^-^-^-,v;;?^rปr^:^->-?ii-v-
This watershed is a complex drainage system and is divided into 29 subwatersheds and
35 channels. There are 15^inlets in u^e^drairiage! system^ Sev^^poiluQnts are included
for water quality simulations: (1) Total Solids (TS), (2) Total Suspended Solids (JSS),
(3) BOD-5, (4) COD, (5) Total Coliform, (6) Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and (7)
Total Phosphate CT-PO4-P)v Each subcatchment Supplies one of five land uses: single
family residential, multi-family residential, commercial, school, and parkland. The
storm of November 28, 1975 with a rainfall duration of 40 minutes is used in the
simulation. This example sihows you the use of MET, RUNOFF, and TRANSPORT.
. . . . ' i
The steps and the sequence of blocks that you must gotiteough for this example; run are
explained below: .. . .. " "'..r,: _.."_". :Ll_z;r~777Z Z."111^7.""":" ""' :. .".V.;:,.;..
STEF 1. Select the SWMM Windows Interface option from the main SWMM menu
and select the MET option.
STEP 2. Select the example MET data that has been created for you by clicking on
the FILE option, followed by the QPEN option. Select the first file listed:
SMET002.MET. The file will, lie loaded.into the MET interface. Move
through the screens and familiarize yourself with the MET option. Use
the help information available to you through the^HELP button to answer
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M-Windows Interface tiser's Guide
: any questions you may have about any prompts. Next, click on the RUN
button. MET will then generate a Rain Block interface file. You must
. have used the RUN button before you may proceed to the next block in
. . ' ':. SWMM. ' ;; ' ' -. - . .. . .. . ' .
: STEP 3. . Exit the MET option by pressing the ALT key arid F4 function key. You
will be returned to -the SWMM' Windows Interface menu,, Select the .
RUNOFF option.
STEP- 4. Click on the flLE option, select the O.PEN File option. A list of Runoff
Input Files will appear. Select the RNQFF002.INP file for this example
run. bnceyou select this option, the parameters for this example run will
' :, be entered from the file. ,.The first screen for the RUNOFF interface also
allows you to enter the Meteorological Input file. If the file that you
created for the MET option does ,not show in the input option for the file
name, click on the arrow key to the right of the option. A list of existing
meteorological file -names wffl ^appear. Se^^MEl^iMET. Please
note that, If .yซi did not use the RUN button from the MET interface,
you will not ;be able t? use the MET data since the interface file will
cot exist. You will be informed by the interface that the input file
--.- could not be iread if you did not cr^te the Rain Block Interface file
STEP 5. Familiarize ycmrself with this input file and the screens in the RUNOFF
option by mooring through the screens using either the NEXT, BACK or
INDEX options. Refer to Section 5 for more information on these
buttons. . .
Screens Six through Eight and Eighteen are controlled by the selection of
water quality simulation and will become available for data entry when
..... you select the water quality simulation~bptidn"ohrScreeri 2. You will be
required to ซnter all the input values related to the water quality
simulation. For water quality variable estimates, the user should read the
file called README.2ND ^ that is supplied with the SWMM 4.2 model
released by the EPA (it will be in ta@ SWMM directory). This file has
more infoiinaiion on the sample uata files.
You may easily change a row of values in an array screen using a feature
available within array screens (screens where the same variablejequires
| a row of entries). If you click on the variable name in these screens, you
will be able to access an arithmetic function that allows you to add,
' ' ' page 40
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SWMM Windows Interface, User's Guide
subtract, multiply or divide for any single or range of values for this
variable. You may therefore change all zero values for a variable to a
. single default by adding the default1 value,that you want to all the zero
. ' values in the array, , ' ' . . . * .
STEP 6. Submit the RUNOFF input file to the SWMM model for execution 'by
clicking on 'the BUN, button. An icon will appear on the bottom of the
' screen with the words SWMM MODEL EXECUTION on it. If you click
on this option, you will see the processing of the DOS SWMM model 4.2.
;, When..'die processing is complete, the output will be shown in the default
output file viewer. View the output carefully. The Runoff Block has
. generated 15 inlet hydrographs in a file named RN6FF002.INT, This file
: is used as the hydrograph and pollutograph input file for the Transport.
Block. You are now ready to move to the next and final block in this
sequence, the TRANSPORT interface. ' .
STEP 7. Exit fr.om RUNOFF by pressjng the ALT key -and F4 function key
'. ' . simultaneously. ^^ the SWMM
Windows Interface Menu. You wilj be taken to the Transpon Block.
STEP S. ..Select the transport input file for this example by clicking on the FJLE
rzfii$spt^^Mp^d:by' ^'I^^'^^^^^^^'ti^^s^',!^ file.
Ths first scra^ m the TRAJ^
the selection of the Inlet HydrograpK file. RNOFF002.INT, which is the
file that you jiist created in the RUNOFF Block, should be the default file.
Please note that, if you did not use the RUN button in the RUNOFF
interface, you will be able to use the data since the interface file, i.e.,
RNOFF002JNT will not exist. You will be informed by TRANSPORT
that the input file could not be read if you did not have a RUNOFF
interface run. In this file, seven constituents (pollutants) have been
simulated. However, since the TRANSPORT is limited to a maximum of
four constituents^ wewiirselectonly BOD5, TSS, Total Colifonh and
, COD for this run. Please note that the CUNIT and TYPE UNIT variables
on Screen 4 have been grayed since both units will be the same as that
entered earlier in the RUNOFF block.
Sewer infiltration inflow and diry-weather sewage inflow are simulated in
this example. You have to enter the number of pollutants in Screen 2
only if the RUNOFF interface file has been selected, as is the case for this
'example. - ' ..--. -' ; .-; J: .
Fage 41
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Window Interface User's Guide
Please note that Screen 3 is a critical screen in this block since it. contains
the parameters necessary for describing a complete sewer system. The
process .-of describing a, complex sewer system can be difficult. The
process can be simplified by using the following; structured approach.
First, identify, the non-conduit elements such as manholes and conduit
elements, e.g., channel/pipes. Next, assign a number to each non-conduit
and. conduit element. For this example, the sewer system contains 19
manholes, one lift station, one flow divider, and 24 channels. Manhole
50 is an outfall..
STEP- 9. Use the NEXT, BACK and INDEX buttons along with the HELP button
to. move through the screens and familiarize yourself -with both the
TRANSPORT block and with this input file. When you have done so,
submit this input file to the RUN buttbn. The SWMM model icon will
appear in the bottom of the screen with; the title SWMM model execution.
When the processing is complete, you will be asked whether you wish to
see the output file that has been created, '-"-"If you indicate YES, you will
view the output file using the Output File Editor. Examine the output file
carefully and press the ALT/F4 sequence to exit when you are through.
_ You will be rammed ftp the TRANSPORT blpcfc Press the ALT/F4
"
6.3 Example 3 - Simulation of a Simple one-Pipe System with Two Manholes
; " (USEHP & TRANSPORT) " : ' ; . '.
We are simulating a simple one-pipe system with a small slope and Water quality for
a Transport run. The one-pipe system has two manholes. The first manhole is
specified through the USEHP interface. The constituents TSS and BODS with decay
are simulated without scour/deposition. A user-supplied hydrograph and two
poilutographs for inlet number 1000 are shown in Table 6,4rbelow. ~ -
Pegs 42
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Windows Interface User's Guide
Table 6.4 User-Defined Hydrojraph and Pollutographs in USEHP
Time
' (hr)
' '0
1.0
2.0
3.0
: 24.0
Flow .
(cfs)
1.0
100.0
1.0
1,0
. 1.0
TSS
(mg/L)
.10.0
100.0
10!0
- 10.0
10.0
BOD
(mg/L)
10.0
100.0
. 10.0
10.0
lo.o
The steps that you must follow for this screening-level example are explained in detail
below: ' ,
STEP 1. Select the SWMM Windows Interface option from the main SWMM
menu. Next, select the USEHP option.
STEP 2. Select the example USEHP file that has-been created for you by clicking
on the FJLE optiony followed by the OJ>ENloptionV Select the first file
listed: USEHP002.INP. The file will be loaded into the USEHP
Interface.-Mbve^through^the:scrie^
option. Use the help infonnaiion available to you through the HELP
button to answer any questions you may haye about any prompts.
Compare the iinput to Table 6.4 above to make sure that it is the right file.
STEP 3. Next, click on the BUN button,. USEHP will then generate the USEHP
interface files as input to the Transpor Block. You must have used the
.RUN button before you may proceed to the next block in SWMM.
STEP 4, Exit this option by pressing the ALT key and,F4 function key. ^fou will
be returned to the SWMM Windows Interface(menu. Select the
TRANSPORT option.
STEPS. Click on the FJLE option, select the QPEN File option. A list of
Transport Input Files will appear. Select the TRANSOQ2.INP file for this
example run. Once you select this option, the parameters for this example
run will be entered from the file. The first screen for this interface also
allows you to select the USEHP file created before. As explained in the
introduction to this example, this is a simple system containing one pipe-
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Windows 'Interface User's Guide
and two manholes. The firs: manhole is the inlet that was specified in the .
USEHP002.INP file. The sequence of Centering this system is to start with
. .an inlet, then follow the channel :and end with -a manhole, i.e. , an outfall.
There are a total of nine screens. available tp you in this example.
STEP 6. Familiarize yourself with the screens in this option by moving through the
screens using either the. NEXTi BACK or INDEX options. Refer to
Section 5 for more information on these buttons. Also use the HELP
.buttons for any questions that you might have on any prompt. When you
have completed, your run-through, submit the input file to the SWMM
model by clicking on the RUN button. The output .file will be displayed
to you when it is ready. . ( .
6.4 Example 4 - Basic Pipe; System (USEHP and EXTRAN)
This example is obtained from the EXTRAN user's manual described as Example 1:
Basic pipe system. Figure 6.1 below shows a typical sewer system of conduits and
channels conveying stormwsiter flow. The system consists of nine channels and ten
junctions with one free butfaJli. In this example, conduits are designated with four-digit
numbers, while junctions have been given fivendigit numbers. There are three junctions
or inlets that receive inflows, which will be defined using the USEHP interface. The
-'total simulation
Two SWMM interfaces are used in running Example 4. First, the user should select
the USEHP function to specify three inlet hydrographs. The user then should access
EXTRAN in order to select an inlet hydrograph file that has been just generated by
USEHP, and to enter a drainage system and simulation information for a EXTRAN
run. A USEHPOQ1.HP rile and an EXTRNCOLINP file are the input files for this
example.
The steps in this example are explained below.
STEP 1. Select the SWMM Windows Interface option from the main SWMM
- menu. Next, select the USEHP option. "
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SWftfAf Windows Interface User's Guide
va
<&
Figure 6.1 Basic System wth Fr^ Outfall
(After Camp. Dresser, and McK^, 1988)
Page 45
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
STEP 2. Select the example USEHP data that has been created for you by clicking
on the EILE option, followed by the QPEN option. Select the first file '
listed: USEHPCOl.HP. The file will be loaded into the USEHP interface-
Move through the screens and familiarize yourself with this option. Use
t the help information available to you through the HELP button to answer
any questions you may have about any tprompts. Next, click on the RUN'
button. USEHP will then generate four USEHP interface 'files. You must
have used the RUN button before you: may proceed to the next block in
,SWMM. . . ' .-.;; '.'./.--. ; .
STEP 3. . Exit the USEHP option by pressing the ALT key and F4 function key.
You will be returned to the SWMM Windows Interface menu. Select' the
EXTRAN option.
STEP 4. Click on the J-ILE option* select the QPEN File option. A list of
- EXTRAN input Files will appear. -Select the EXTRNOO1. INP file for this
example ran* Once you select mis fUe, the parameters for this example
run will be entered from the file. The fint screen for this iiiterface also
allows, you to enter the USEHP file. Fiease note that, if you did not use
the RUN button in the USEHP interface, you will not be able to use
the data since the interface files will not exist. You will be informed
by the interface that the input file could not be read if you .did not
create the USEHP Interface file.
STEP 5. Use the NEXT. BACK and INDEX buttons along with the HELP button
to move through the screens and familiarize yourself with both the
EXTRAN block and with this input file. When you have done so, submit
this input file to the RUN button. The SWMM model icon will appear in
-the bottomfOf the screen ,with the title SWMM MODEL EXECUTION.
When the processing is complete, you will be asked whether you wish to
see the output file that has been created. If you indicate YES, you will
.--.'- view the output; file using the:Output File Editor. Examine the output file
carefully and press the ALT/F4 sequence to exit when you are through.
You will be returned to the EXTRAN block. Press the ALT/F4 sequence
again until you are back at the SWMM main menu.
Summary of output from EXTRAN:
The first section is an echo of the input data and a listing of conduits created internally
by EXTRAN to represent outfalls and diversions caused by weirs, orifices, and pumps.
' . Page 46 '. ' -. ' ".,. ,' :
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
The next section of the output is the intermediate printout. This lists system inflows
as they are read by EXTRAN and gives the depth.at each junction and* flow in each
conduit .in the system at a user-input time interval.: A junction is surcharge is indicated
by printing an asterisk beside its depth. An asterisk beside a conduit flow indicates that
the flow is set at the normal flow value for the conduit. The intermediate printout ends
with the printing of a continuity balance of the .water passing through the system during
!the simulation. Printed outflows from junctions not designated as outfalls in the input
data set are junctions which have flooded. ''-.-''
The final section of .the output gives the time history of depths and flows for those
junctions and conduits input by the user, as well as a summary requested plots of
junctions heads and conduit flows. .
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
This page is intentionally blank.
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SWMMWindows Interface User's Guide
APPENDIX A:
.SWMM WINDOWS INTERFACE DESIGN
This appendix contains the structures and variables for the five window interface
. portions of SWMM. There are five tables in this appendix:
Table A.I Input Variable!*;and;Screen Sequence in MET. :
Table. A 2. Input Variables and Screen Sequence in RUNOFF
Table A.3 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in USEHP
Table A.4 Input Variable!! and Screen Sequence in TRANSPORT
Table A. 5 Input Variable!? and Screen Sequence iin EXTRAN
The screen design for the interfaces that are the same as the SWMM Model 4,2 blocks
1. The variable name for the model block in SWMM (if there is one),
2. the description of the variable
3. SWMM ED " ; .. . v .,'..-!,.v-.., ...:.':.., _.^^_-:,-,...,-.
4. -screen number . ' .. V -r-/.'.- -...-' : - - 4--- -- -.-,--.---
5. control number .
6. conttol type, item, ranj5ซ, default, and unit.
You are therefore able to match the Windows Interface variable name with the SWMM
Model Variable names, see where it occurs in the interface, read a description, see
what type of variable, the Unit type and the range, all by referring to the table for the
block in which you are interested.
For those for which there are no corresponding blocks in SWMM (MET and USEHP),
the following is provided: . .
1. ' .Screen Number ... .. , ............. - ......... r ,. ._, .. .- , ..... ..... _. ............. ..... '.., ...... :.,.' ....:.,.,. ............. . ..
2. Variable Name . .
3. Definition of the varial>le
4. ' ' ' ''
This will give you all the information about each variable ii. the interface. Please refer
to Sections 2 and 3 for more general infonnation about SWMM and the Windows
implementation. .
Page 49
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
Table A. 1 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in MET
1
9
I
j
*n
ซ!
I
i
I
1
I
1
11
1
1
I
4
1
4
i
50
-------
SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
Table A.2 Input Variables and Screen Sequence in RUNOFF
T1 1
5 5 5
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A
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
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Page 54
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SWMM Windows Interface User's Guide
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REFERENCES
Ambrose. R. B. Jr. andT. O. Bamwell, Jr. 1989. Environmental Software at the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling.
CEAM, EPA, Athens, GA, Environmental Software 4(2):76-93.
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'" ' '".'.''
Donigian, A.S. and W.C. Huber, "Modeling of Wonpoint Source Water Quality in
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Heaney, J.P., Hube'r, W.C., Sheikh, H., Medina;. M.A., Doyle, J.R., Peltz, W.A.,
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EPA-670/2-75-022 (NTIS I'B-242290), Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH, May 1975.
Huber, W.C., Heaney, J.P., Aggidis, D.A., Dickinson, R.E. and Wallace, R.W.,
"UrbanRainfall-RunoffrQuaUtyDataBase," EPA-600/2-81-238(NTISPB82-221094),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, October 19S1.
Huber, W.C. and Dickinson, R.E., "Storm Water Management Model, Version 4:
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Metcaif and Eddy, Inc., University of Florida, and Water Resources Engineers, Inc.,
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