tn»lronm»nt»l P/ot*Clion
Id Standard Operating Procedures
(FSOP)*4
Site Entry
-------
-------
SECTION VII
SUMMARY
•
OF
FIELD EQUIPMENT
1/35
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
IP NO: 4
CESS: SITE ENTRY
1
RATING PROCEDURES STEP SEQUENCE INFORMATI
Prepared by: Date:
Approved by:
ON/OPTRATING COALS/SPECIFICATIONS TRAIHIHG
GUIDC/NOTl
evel A Donning
•es Taken
1 CO
Statfon 1: Apply Antlfog
Station 2: Step Into Legs of
Suit
Station 3: Put On Boots
Station 4: Don SCBA
Station 5: Don Faceplece
Station 6: Open Valve
Station 7: Don Inner Gloves
Station 8: Get Into Sleeves
Station 9: Close Fasteners
Station 10: Connect Breathing
Hose
Station 11: Don Suit and Close
Station 1?: Check Equipment
Station 13: Site Entry
Use ant1 fog on suit and mask facepleces (nose cups
may be applicable).
While sitting, step Into legs, place feet properly.
and gather suit around waist.
While sitting, cover feet of suit, put on steel
toe and shank boots.
Put on SCBA and harness assembly.
Put on faceplece and adjust to be secure - do not
connect breathing hose.
Open valve to air tank.
Put on Inner gloves.
Helper pulls suit up and over SCBA. adjusting suit
around SCBA backpack and user's shoulders.
Close all fasteners until there 1s only room
to connect breathing hose. Secure belts
and adjustments.
Connect breathing hose while opening main valve.
When properly breathing In SCBA, complete closing
suit.
Check equipment (e.g. communication, etc.)
Enter site with necessary monitoring equipment.. .
-------
'F.S.O.P. Mo. 4
PROCESS SITE ENTRY
Flow Sheet
SITE ENTRY
SITE ENTRY - LEVEL C PROTECTION
4 EXCLUSION ZONE
(V) Mo) SITE ENTRY
DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
DISPOSABLE SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT AS HELL AS
ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY
CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY
LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP #7)
0
0
0
0
0
0
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
0
3
o*S
s*>
z
0
0
PUT ON HOOD 4 SECURE
DON FACEPIECE
TAPE GLOVES TO SUIT
PUT ON INNER AND OUTER GLOVES
TAPE BOOTIES TO SUIT
DON SPLASH SUIT AND LATEX*
BOOTIES
DON STEEL-TOED BOOTS*
APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE CUP
CONNECT CANISTER TO FACEPIECE
I
t
SUPPORT
ZONE
EQUIPMENT PERSONNEL
*Boots donned first only when using dispensable coveralls with attached booties.
Steps 11-11 may be done outside but adjacent to the contamination reduction zone.
Page 11
-------
F.S.O.P. No. 4
PROCESS SITE ENTRY
SITE ENTRY - LEVEL B PROTECTION
EXCLUSION ZONE
Flow Sheet
SITE ENTRY
.....0.....
1
nn
SITE ENTRY
DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
OISPOSABLE SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS
ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY
CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY
LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP #7)
0
0
O
0
0
0
CONTAMINATION
REDUCTION
ZONE
10 I CONNECT BREAKING TUBE WHILE
OPENING MAIN LINE VALVE
PUT ON HOOD ft SECURE
DON SCBA AND FACEMASK*
TAPE GLOVES TO SUIT
PUT ON OUTER GLOVES
^
5 1 PUT ON INNER GLOVES
TAPE BOOTIES TO SUIT
PUT ON BOOTS AND LATEX BOOTIES
DON CHEMICAL SUIT
APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE CUP
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
t
I
SUPPORT
ZONE
EQUIPMENT PERSONNEL
Steps 11-11 «*y be done outside but adjacent to the contamination reduction zone.
*May be donned before outer gloves.
Page 1
1/81
-------
F.S.O.P. No. 4
PROCESS SITE ENTRY
Flow Sheet
. SITE ENTRY
SITE ENTRY - LEVEL A PROTECTION
(EXCLUSION ZONE
t
(V) nT] SITE ENTRY
DOUBLE BAG ALL NON-
DISPOSABLE SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT AS WELL AS
ELECTRICAL AND CAMERA
EQUIPMENT
TEST EQUIPMENT TO SEE
IF FUNCTIONING PROPERLY
CONTAMINATION
COMPLETE CLOSING SUIT
10j CONNECT BREATHING HOSE/OPEN
• MAIN LINE
CLOSE ALL FASTENERS EXCEPT
NEAR BREATHING HOSE
8 I GET INTO SLEEVES 4 DON SUIT
CALIBRATE EQUIPMENT
WARM UP EQUIPMENT IF
NECESSARY
LABEL ALL SAMPLING
CONTAINERS
SET UP DECONTAMINATION
STATIONS FOR SAMPLING
EQUIPMENT BEFORE MOVING
EQUIPMENT INTO EXCLUSION
ZONE (SEE FSOP 17)
©REDUCTION
ZONE
0
0
0
1
0
0
CO
0
0
0
0
!
PUT ON INNER GLOVES
OPEN VALVE TO AIR TJ
DON FACEPIECE
DON SCBA
PUT ON BOOTS*
STEP INTO LEGS OF S
APPLY ANTIFOG/NOSE
SUPPORT
ZONE
4NK
1UIT*
CUP
EQUIPMENT
PERSONNEL
*0rder may be reversed depending on suit type. Steps 11-11 may be done outside but
adjacent to the contamination reduction zone.
-------
SECTION IV
FLOW CHARTS
FOR
SITE ENTRY
1/85
-------
SECTION III
•
INITIAL SURVEYS
1/85
-------
F.S.O.P. f4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
in. INITIAL SURVEYS
In general, tne initial entry 1s considered a relatively
screening process for collecting preliminary data on sit
nazaros.
Or immediate concern to initial entry personnel are atmos
conditions wnich cpulo affect tneir Immediate safety. Tn
conditions are: airborne toxic suostances, comoustible g
vapors, lacK of oxygen, and to a lesser extent, ionizing
radiation. Priorities for monitoring tnese potential naz
snould be estaolished after a careful evaluation- of condi
f
I
-------
F.S.O.P. f4
Boots (outer), chemical-resistant, (disposable)*
Boot covers (outer), chemical-resistant (disposable)*
Hard nat (face shield*)
Escape mas**
2-Way radio communications* (inherently safe)
2. Criteria for selection
Meeting any of tne following criteria permits-use of Level C
protection:
*
Oxygen concentrations are not less than 19.SX Dy volume.
Measured air concentrations of identified substances will
be reduced oy the respirator Delow the substance's
threshold limit value (TLV) and the concentration is witnin
the service limit of the canister.
Atmospneric contaminant concentrations do not exceed IDLH
levels.
Atmospneric contaminants, liquid splashes, or other direct
contact will not adversely affect the small area left
unprotected oy cnemical-resistant clotning.
Joo functions ao not require self-contained breatning
apparatus.
Direct readings are a few ppms above oackground on
instruments sucn as tne FIO or PID. (See Appendices I and
II.)
0. Level 0 Protection
1. Personal protective equipment
Coveralls
Gloves*
Boots/shoes, leather or chemical-resistant, steel toe and
snan*
Safety glasses or chemical splasn goggles*
Hard nat (face snield)*
•Optional
-------
F.S.O.P. *«»
2. Criteria for selection
Meeting any of the following criteria allows use of Level D
protection:
- No contaminants are present.
• Wont functions preclude splashes, immersion, or potential for
unexpected inhalation of any cnemicals.
Level 0 protection is primarily a work uniform. It can be worn
only in areas wnere tnere is no possioility of contact with
contamination.
-------
F.S.O.P. *«
or
site operations and work functions involves hign
potential for splash, lamersion, or exposure to un-
expected vapors, gases, or participates of materials
nlgnly toxic to tne skin.
SuDstances with a high degree of hazard to the skin are
known or suspected to be present, and skin contact Is
possible.
Operations must be conducted in confined, poorly ventilated
areas until the aosence of hazards requiring Level A
protection is determined.
*
Direct readings on field Flame lonization Detectors (FID)
or Photoionization Detectors (PJD) and similar instruments
indicate hign levels of unidentified vapors and gases in
tne air.
B. Level 8 Protection
I. Personal protective equipment
Suppllea-air respirator (MSHA/NIOSH approved).
Respirators may be:
•
. — pressure-demand, self-contained oreathing apparatus
or
-- pressure-demand, airline respirator (witn escape bottle
for IDLH or potential for IDLH atmosphere)
Cnemical-resistant clothing (overalls and long-sleeved
jactcet; nooaed, one or two-piece cnemical-splash -suit;
disposaole chemical-resistant, one-piece suits)
Long cotton underwear*
Coveralls*
Gloves (outer), cnemical-resistant
Gloves (inner), chemical-resistant
Boots (outer), cnemical-resistant, steel toe and snann
Boots (outer), cnemical-resistant (disposaole)*
Hard nat (face shield)*
2-Way raoio communications (intrinsically safe)
-------
F.S.O.P. *4
Z. Criteria for selection.
Meeting any one of these criteria warrants use of Level B
protection:
Tne type ana atmospneric concentration of toxic substances
have oeen identified and requires a nigh level of
respiratory protection, out less SKin protection than Level
A. These would oe atmospheres:
with concentrations Immediatly Dangerous to Life and
Healtn, out substance or concentration in the air does
not represent a severe SKin nazard -
or
that do not meet the selection criteria permitting the
use of air-purifying respirators.
The atmosphere contains less than ly.SX oxygen.
*
It is nignly unluely tnat the worn being done will
generate nigh concentrations of vapors, gases or
particulates, or splasnes of material tnat will affect the
sxin of personnel wearing Level B protection.
Atmospneric concentrations of unidentified vapors or gases
are indicated oy direct readings on instruments such as tne
FID or PID or similar instruments, out vapors and gases are
not suspected of containing high levels of cnemicals toxic
to SKin.
C. Level t Protection
1. Personal protective equipment
Air-purifying respirator, full-face, canister-equippea
(MSHA/NIOSH approved)
Chemical-resistant clotning (coveralls; hooded, one-piece
or two piece chemical splash suit; chemical-resistant hood
and apron; disposable cnemical-resistant coveralls)
Coveralls*
Long cotton underwear*
Gloves (outer), chemical-resistant
Gloves (inner), chemical-resistant
Boots (outer), cnemical-resistant. steel tno **» ------
-------
F.S.O.P. f 4
c. Level C; Affords appropriate protection wnen tne type(s) of
airoorne substance(s) 1s known, the concentration(s) is
•easurea, and experienceu professionals judge that the criteria
for using air-purifying respirators are met.
d. Level D: Afforas minimal protection. Level 0 is primarily a
worn uniform and should not oe worn on any site with respiratory
or skin hazards.
3. Selection of Level of Protection
Tne Level of Protection selectee snould be oased primarily on
tne following:
Type(s) and measured concentration^} of tne chemical
suostance(s) In the ambient atmosphere and its toxicity.
Potential exposure to substances in air, splasnes of liquids, or
otner direct contact with material due to work being performed.
4. Selection of Sampling Equipment
Sampling equipment used on site snould be selected to meet the
following criteria:
• Provioes information useful for protecting personnel.
• Is convenient to use and maintain.!
• Is disposaole if possiole.
- Can be oagged witn plastic to avoid the need for
decontamination.
- Will not initiate on explosion if used in an explosive
atomosphere.
- Can be easily decontaminated.
-------
F.S.O.P. * 4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
III. Levels of Protection
A. Level A Protection
i. Personal protective equipment
Supplied-air respirator approved oy the Mine Safety and
Healtn Administration (MSHA) and National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
Respirators may be:
pressure-demand, self-contained ore.atning apparatus
(SCBA)
*
or
pressure-demand, airline respirator (with escape
oottle for Immediately Dangerous to Life and Healtn
(IDLh) or potential for 1LDH atmosphere)
Fully encapsulating cnemicai-resistant suit
Coveralls*
Long cotton unuerwear*
Gloves, (inner), chemical-resistant
Boots, cnemicaUresistant, steel toe ano snanx (Depending
on suit construction, worn over or under suit boot)
Hard nat* (unaer suit)
Oisposaole gloves ana coot covers* (Worn over fully
encapsulating suit)
Cooling unit*
2-Way radio communications (innerently safe)
2. Criteria for selection
Meeting any of tne following criteria warrants use of Level A
Protection:
Tne cnemical suustance(s) nas oeen identified ana requires
tne highest level of protection for skin, eyes, and tne
respiratory system oased on:
measureo (or potential for) high concentrations of
at/nospneric vapors, gases, or particulates
-------
SECTION II
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT •
/85
-------
F.S.O.P. *«
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
i. Objectives
Tnis document provides site entry procedures that field response
personnel can use to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous
iuostances.
II. Background
Tnese procedures nave Deen derived by reorganizing the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Responses (US EPA, OERR), Washington, DC. "Standard
Operating Safety liuides", Novemoer 1984, into a format more
appropriate for use in tne fielo at nazardous materials
responses.
III. Brief Description of Site Entry Procedures
1. Personnel Entry
Personnel entering sites of hazardous suostance incicents must
use adequate safety precautions to minimize exposure to a host
of contaminants whicn may nave' long term or immediate nealtn
affects. .These precautions Include selecting and properly using
ana decontaminating personal protective equipment. Each site is
separate and distinct as 1s each site entry. The EPA (OERR) has
designated levels of protection, oased on site cnaracteristies,
for tneir own use. In situations"wnere the type(s) of
cnemical(s), concentration(s), and possioilities of contact are
not well cnaracterized, experienced professionals must select
tne appropriate level of protection oased on potential exposure,
until the nazaros can oe oetter characterized.
2. Protective Equipment Level
Tne EPA (OERR) nas classified the equipment to protect tne body
against contact with known or potential chemical hazards into
tour categories according to tne degree of protection afforded:
a. Level A: Affords tne nighest available level of
respiratory, smn, and eye protection.
°* Level B; Affords tne nighest level of respiratory
protection, out a lesser level of skin protection. Level B
protection is the minimum level recommended on initial site
entries until tne nazaros nave oeen furtner defined by
on-site studies.
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
FOR
SITE ENTRY
F.S.O.P. 4 '
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF EMERGENCY AND REMEDIAL RESPONSE
HAZARDOUS RESPONSE SUPPORT DIVISION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20460
1/65
-------
The mention of trace names or commercial products tn tnis manual is
for illustration purposes ana does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use oy the Environmental Protection Agency.
Contents of tnis manual do not necessarily reflect tne views and
policies of tne Environmental Protection Agency.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION
Objectives 1
Background 1
Brief Description of Site Entry Procedures 1
Site Level Determination 1
Selection of Sampling Equipment 2
II. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 3
Level A Protection 3
Level B Protection 4
Level C Protection 5
Level D Protection • 6
III. INITIAL SURVEYS 8
' IV. FLOW CHARTS FOR SITE ENTRY 9
Level A Entry 9
Level B Entry 10
Level C Entry • 11
V. PROCEDURES FOR DONNING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 12
Level A Donning 12
Level B Donning ' 13
Level C Donning 14
VI. PROCEDURES FOR DOFFING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 15
Level A Doffing and Decon 15
Level B Doffing and Decon 18
Level C Doffing and Decon 21
VII. SUMMARY OF FIELD EQUIPMENT 24
VIII. SCBA CHECKOUT PROCEDURES 29
1/85
-------
SECTION I
INTRODUCTION
1/86
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
P NO:
CESS: SITE ENTRY
STEP SEQUENCE
Prepared by:
Approved by:
INFORMATION/OPERATII
Date:
IONS
GUIDF/NOTI
?vel B Donning
•es Taken
Station 1: Apply Antlfog,
Station 2: Don Suit
Station 3: Don Boots
Station 4: Taping
Station 5: Don Inner
Gloves
Station 6: Don Outer
Gloves
Station 7: Taping
Station 8: Don SCBA
Station 9: Connect Breathing
Tube
Station 10: Site Entry
Use antlfog on faceplece (nose cups may be applicable;.
Put on chemical resistant splash suit, tape
around waist If necessary.
Put on steel-toed and shanked boots and Tatex booties.
Make sure booties are outside of suit.
Tape booties to suit. Also tape around the arch
of the boot to keep booties In place.
Put on Inner gloves.
Put on outer gloves. Make sure gloves are outside of sleeves.
.Tape gloves to suit.
Put on SCBA and facemask. Open tank valve.
Connect breathing tube while opening
main line valve.
Enter site with necessary monitoring equipment.
-» o>
OO U3
en n>
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCFOURFS
NO:
ESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date:
ATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
IHFORHAnONVOPERATIMG GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
TMIHIHC
GUIDE/HOTE!
vel C Donning
es Taken
Station 1:
Station 2:
Station 3:
Station 4:
Canister Application
Apply Ant1 fog
Don Roots
Don Splash Suit
Station 5: Taping
Station 6: Glove Donning
Station 7: Taping
Station 8: Don Faceplece
Station 9: Site Entry
Screw appropriate canister to Taceplece.
Use ant1 fog on faceplece (nose cup may be applicable).
Put on steel-toed and shanked boots.
Put on splash suit and latex booties.
Be sure booties are outside of suit.
Tape booties to suit.
Put on Inner and outer gloves. Be sure outer
gloves are outside of sleeves.
'Tape gloves to suit.
Put on and secure faceplece.
•Enter site with necessary monitoring
equipment.
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
P NO:
CESS: SITE ENTRY
MTlNf,
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date:
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING COALS/SPECIFICATIONS
ivel A Doffing
ximum Measures
ken for
contamination
Station 1: Segregated Equipment
Drop
Station 2: Boot Cover and
Glove Wash
Station 3: Boot Cover and
Glove Rinse
Station 4: Tape Removal
Station 5: Boot Cover
Removal
Station 6: Outer Glove
Removal
Station 7: Suit and Boot
Wash
Station 8: Suit and Boot
Rinse
KDeposit equipment used on site (tools, sampling
devices and containers, monitoring Instruments,
radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop cloths
or In different containers with plastic liners.
During hot weather operations, a cool down station
may be set up within this area.
2. Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon
solution or detergent/water.
3. Rinse off decon solution from Station 2 using
copious amounts of water.
4. Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit
1n container with plastic liner.
5. Remove boot covers and deposit In container
with plastic Uner.
6. Remove outer gloves and deposit In container
with plastic liner.
7. Wash encapsulating suit and boots using scrub brush
and decon solution or detergent/water. Repeat
as many times as necessary.
8. Rinse off decon solution using water. Repeat
as many times as necessary.
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
NO:
ESS: SITE ENTRY
STEP SEQUENCE
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date:
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPEtlFICATlOMS
GUIDE/NOTES
tei A Doffing
;1mum Measures
en for
ontaml nation
Station 9: Tank Change
Station 10: Safety Boot
Removal
Station 11: Fully-Encapsulating
Suit and Hard Hat
Removal
Station 12:
SCBA Backpack
Removal
Station 13: Inner Glove Wash
Station 14: Inner Glove Rinse
Station 15: Face Piece Removal
9. If an air tank change 1s desired, this Is the
last step in the decontamination procedure.
Air tank Is exchanged, new outer gloves and
boot covers donned, and joints taped. Worker
returns to duty.
10. Remove safety boots and deposit 1n container
with plastic liner.
11. Fully-encapsulated suit 1s removed with
assistance of a helper and laid out on a drop
cloth or hung up. Hard hat Is removed. Hot
weather rest station may be set up within this
area for personnel returning to site.
12. While still wearing facepiece, remove backpack
and place on table. Disconnect hose from
regulator valve and proceed to next station.
13. Wash with decon solution that will not
harm the skin. Repeat as often as necessary.
14. Rinse with water. Repeat as many times as
necessary.
15. Remove face piece. Deposit In container with
plastic Hner. Avoid touching face with
fingers.
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
> NO:
:ESS: SITE ENTRY
PrepaVed by:
Approved by:
Date:
[ATINU PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPECIFICATION5
nuinr/norc
vel A Doffing
ximumMeasures
ken for
contamination
Station 16:Inner Glove
Removal
Station 17: Inner Clothing
Removal
Station 18: Field Wash
Station 19: Redress
16. Remove inner gloves and deposit In container
with liner.
•17. Remove clothing soaked with perspiration and
place In lined container. Do not wear Inner
clothing off-site since there Is a possibility
that small amounts of contaminants might have
been transferred In removing the fully-
encapsulated suit.
18. Shower If highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skln-
absorbable materials are known or suspected
to be present. Wash hands and face If shower
1s not available.
4
19. Put on clean clothes.
- CU
DIG
n rt>
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Prepared by:
Approved by:
PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
INFORMATION/OPERATING GOALS/SPEC IFICATIOH5
Level B Doffing
Maximum Measures
Taken for
Decontamination
Station T:
Segregated Equipment
Drop
Station 2: Boot Cover and
Glove Wash
Station 3: Boot Cover and
Glove Rinse
Station 4: Tape Removal
Station 5: Boot Cover
Removal
Station 6: Outer Glove
Removal
Station 7: Suit and Safety
Boot Wash
1. Deposit equipment used on site (tools, samp
devices and contaners, monitoring instrument
radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop clc
or in different containers with plastic linen
Segregation at the drop reduces the probability
of cross-contamination. During hot weather
operations, cooldown stations may be set up with
this area.
2. Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon
solution or detergent and water.
3. Rinse off decon solution from Station ? using
copious amounts of water.
«
4. Remove tape around boots and gloves and deposit
in container with plastic liner.
5. Remove boot covers and deposit in container
with plastic liner.
6. Remove outer gloves and deposit in container
with plastic liner.
7. Wash chemical-resistant splash suit, SCBA,
gloves, and safety boots. Scrub with long-handle
scrub brush and decon solution. Wrap SCBA
regulator (if belt mounted type) with plast*'
to keep out of water. Wash backpack *'
with sponges or cloths.
00*0
en 19
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
DP NO:
DCESS: SITE ENTRY
,EDURE5
STEP SEQUENCE
Prepared by:
Approved by:
INFORHATiON/OPERATING GO/
Date:
IONS
TRAINING
GUIDE/NOT
.evel B Doffing
laxfmum Measures
aken for
econtamlnation
Station 8:
Suit, SCBA, Boot.
and Glove Rinse
Station 9: Tank Change
Station 10: Safety Boot
Removal
Station 11: SCBA Backpack
Removal
Station 1?: Splash Suit
Removal
Station ,13: Inner Glove Wash
Station 14: Inner Glove Rinse
Station 15: Face Piece Removal
• 8. Rinse off decon solution using copious amounts
of water.
9. If worker leaves exclusion zone to change air
tank, this Is the last step In the decon-
•tamlnatlon procedure. Worker's air tank 1s
exchanged, new outer gloves and boot covers
donned, and joints taped. Worker returns to
duty.
10. Remove safety boots and deposit In container
with plastic liner.
11. While still wearing faceplece, remove back-
pack and place on table. Disconnect hose from
regulator valve.
12. With assistance of helper, remove splash suit.
Deposit In container with plastic liner.
13. Wash Inner gloves with decon solution.
14. Rinse Inner gloves with water.
15. Remove face piece. Deposit In container with
plastic liner. Avoid touching face with fingers.
00 03
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
NO:
ESS: SITE ENTRY
AT I N(TPROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
PrepaVed by:
Approved by:
ING GOALS/SPECIFICATIONS
Date:
GUIDE/NOTE!
vel B Doffing
cimum Measures
:en for
rontamination
Station 16: Inner Glove
Removal
Station 17: Inner Clothing
Removal
Station 18: Field Wash
loT Remove Inner gloves and deposit in container
with liner.
17. Remove clothing soaked with perspiration.
Place In container with liner. Do not wear
Inner clothing off-site since there Is a
possibility that small amounts of contaminants
might have been transferred In removing the
fully-encapsulated suit.
18. Shower 1f highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skln-
absorbable materials are known or suspected
to be present. Wash hands and face 1f shower
1s not available.
Station 19: Redress
19. Put on clean clothes.
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
P NO:
:ESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Hate:
[DURES
STEP SEQUENCE
JtL IF I CAT IONS
•vel C Doffing
GUIDE/NOTE
xlmum Measures
ken for
contamination
Station 1:Segregated Equipment 1
Drop
»— T>
•^ Ol
OOU3
en (D
Station 2:
Station 3:
Station 4:
Station 5:
Station 6:
Station 7:
Boot Cover and
Glove Wash
Boot Cover and
Glove Rinse
Tape Removal
Boot Cover
Removal
Outer Glove
Removal
Suit and Boot
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Station 8:
Wash
Suit and Boot,
and Glove Rinse
8.
Deposit equipment used on site (tools, sampling
devices and containers, monitoring Instruments,
radios, clipboards, etc.) on plastic drop
cloths or In different containers with plastic
liners. Segregation at the drop reduces the
probability of cross contamination. During hot
weather operations, a cool down station may be
set up within this area.
Scrub outer boot covers and gloves with decon
solution or detergent and water.
Rinse off decon solution from station 2 using
copious amounts of water.
Remove tape around bctots and gloves and deposit
In container with plastic Uner.
Remove boot covers and deposit In container
with plastic Uner.
Remove outer gloves and deposit In container
with plastic liner.
Wash splash unit, gloves, and safety boots.
Scrub with long-handle scrub brush and decon
solution.
Rinse off decon solution using water.
many times as necessary.
Repeat as
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
NO:
ESS: SITE ENTRY
ATING PROCEDURES
STEP SEQUENCE
Prepared by:
Approved by:
INFORMATI UN/OPf.RA IING
Date:
GUIPE/NOTE!
vel C Doffing
Kimum Measures
ce for
:ontam1nation
Station 9: Canister or
Mask Change
Station 10: Safety Boot
Removal
Station 11: Splash Suit
Removal
Station 12: Inner Glove
Wash
Station 13: Inner Glove
Rinse
Station 14: Face Piece
Removal
Station 15: Inner Glove
Removal
9. if worker leaves exclusion zone to change
canister (or mask), this 1s the last step
In the decontamination procedure. Worker's
canister Is exchanged, new outer gloves and
boot covers donned, and joints taped worker
returns to duty.
10. Remove safety boots and deposit 1n container
with plastic liner.
11. With assistance of helper, remove splash suit.
Deposit 1n container with plastic liner.
12. Wash Inner gloves with decon solution.
13. Rinse Inner gloves with water.
14. Remove face piece. Deposit In container with
plastic Uner. Avoid touching face with
fingers.
15. Remove Inner gloves and deposit In lined
container.
-• -o
^. Oi
X> U3
n n>
ro
-------
FIELD STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
NO:
:ESS: SITE ENTRY
Prepared by:
Approved by:
Date:
PKULtUUKLb
bltr bt gill Nit
INrUKMAIlON/OPtRAlING GOALS/SrtCIh ILAT lONi
TRAINING -
GUIDE/NOTE
vei C Doffing
ximum Measures
ken for
contamination
StatiorTio: Inner Clothing
Removal
Station 17: Field Wash
Station 18: Redress
To.Remove clothing soaked with perspiration ana
place in lined container. Do not wear inner
clothing off-site since there is a possibility
that small amounts of contaminants might have
been transferred in removing the fully-
encapsulated suit.
17. Shower if highly toxic, skin-corrosive or skin-
absorbable materials are known or suspected to
be present. Wash hands and face if shower is
not available.
18. Put on clean clothes.
I— • -TO
*-. tu
00 U3
i_n n>
OJ
-------
F.S.O.P. »•»
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
IV. SUMMARY OF FIELD EQUIPMENT
A. Initial Site Entry
The initial on-site entry is to determine, on a preliminary oasis,
Hazardous or potentially nazaroous conditions. The main effort is to
rapidly ioentify tne immediate nazards tnat may affect the public,
response personnel, and the environment. Of major concern are the real
or potential Gangers - for example, fire, explosion, oxygen-deficient
atmospneres, radiation, airoorne contaminants, containerized or pooled
nazaroous suostances tnat coula affect workers during subsequent
operations.
i. Organic Vapors and Gases
If tne type(s) of organic substance(s) involved in an incident is
Known ana tne material is volatile or can oecome airborne, air
measurements for organics snould oe made witn one or more
appropriate, properly caliorated survey instruments.
When tne presence or types of organic vapors/gases are unknown, field
analyzers using pnotoionization and/or flame ionization detectors
(PIO/FIO), operated in tne total readout mode, snould oe used to
detect organic vapors. Until specific constituents can oe
iaentified, tne reaaout indicates total airborne substances to whicn
tne instrument is responding. loentification of tne individual
vapor/gas constituents permits the instruments to be calibrated and
used for more specific analysis when used witn cnromatograpn columns.
Sufficient data should be obtained curing tne initial entry to map or
screen tne site for various levels of organic vapors. Tnese gross
measurements can oe used on a preliminary basis to: 1) determine
levels of personnel protection, 2) establish site wortc zones, and
3) select candioate areas for mure tnorougn qualitative ana
quantitative studies.
2. Inorganic Vapors and Gases
Tne aoility to detect ana quantity nonspecific inorganic vapors and
gases is extremely limited. Presently, tne photoionization detector
nas limited detection capaoiiity while tne flame ionization detector
nas none. (See Appenoix I for cnaracteristics). If specific
inorganics are Known or suspected to be present, measurements snould
oe made witn appropriate instruments, if available. Colorimetric
tuoes can oe usea if suostances present are
-------
F.b.O.P. *•»
C. Raaiation
Aitnougn radiation monitoring is not necessary for all responses, it
snould DC incorporated in tne initial survey where radioactive
aaterials may oe present - for example, fires at warehouses or
Hazardous material storage facilities, transportation incidents
involving unknown materials, or aoandoned waste sites.
Normal gamma radiation background is approximately 0.01 to 0.02
•illiroentgen per hour (mR/nr) on a gamma survey instrument. Work
can continue with elevated radiation exposure rates; however, if the
exposure rate increases two times aoove gamma oacxground, a qualified
nealtn pnysicist should De consulted. At no time should work
continue witn an exposure rate of 10 mR/nr or above without tne
aavice of a healtn physicist. EPA's* Office of Air, Noise, ana
Radiation has radiation specialists in each Region, as well as at
facilities in Montgomery, Alaoama, and Las Vegas, Nevada, to assist.
Tne aosence of gamma readings aoove uackground should not oe
interpreted as the complete aosence of radioactivity. Radioactive
materials emitting alpha, or oeta radiation may oe present, but
virtually all alpha ario oeta emitters tnat you can reasonably expect
to oe found at incident sites will also oe gamma emitters and
therefore be measured witn tne gamma survey.
U. Oxygen Deficiency
At sea level, ambient air contains at least ly.SX oxygen by volume.
At lower percentages, air-supplied respiratory protective equipment
is needed. Oxygen measurements are of particular importance for woric
in enclosed spaces, low-lying areas, or in the vicinity of accidents
tnat nave produced neavier-tnan-air vapors, wnicn could Displace
amoient air. These oxygen-deficient areas are also prime locations
for taking further organic vapor ana combustible gas measurements,
since the air tnat nas been Displaced oy otner substances will affect
tne readings of some instruments (e.g. comoustiole gas meters need
normal oxygen levels for accurate results). Oxygen-enricned
atraospneres increase tne potential for fires.
E. Comoustible Gases
Tne presence or aosence of comoustiole vapors or gases must be
determined. If readings approacn or exceed 10% of the lower
explosive limit (LEL), extreme caution should oe exercised in
continuing the investigation. If readings approacn or exceed 25X
LEL, personnel snoula oe withdrawn immediately. Before resuming any
on-site activities, project personnel in consultation with experts in
fire or explosion prevention must develop procedures for continuing
operations. Also, levels in this range are sure to oe quite high
witn respect to initial action exposure limits.
Page 25
1 IOC
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F.S.O.P. f«i
F. Visual Observations
Unite on-site, the Initial entry team should make visual ooservations
which would nelp in evaluating site hazards - for example, dead fish
or otner animals; land features; wind direction; labels on containers
indicating explosive, flammaole, toxic, or corrosive material;
conditions conducive to splasn or contact with unconfined liquids,
sludges, or solids; ana otner general conditions.
(i. Direct-Reading Instruments
A variety of airborn toxics, (including organic and inorganic vapors,
gases, or particulates) can be produced at, f-or example, aoandoned
waste sites; fires at cnemical manufacturing, storage, reprocessing,
or formulating facilities; or fires-involving pesticides.
Direct-reading field instruments will not detect or measure all of
these substances. Tnus, negative readings snould not be Interpreted
as the complete absence of airoorne toxic substances. Verification
of negative results can only be done by collecting air samples and
analyzing tnem in a laboratory.
H. Altnough it may seem tnat the process of transporting sampling
equipment into a nazardous waste site would primarily rely on common
sense, there are some general guidelines wnicn should be followed.
Tnese are:
1. Set up decontamination stations for sampling equipment oefore
moving equipment into contaminated area, (see FSOP 17)
2. Laoel all sampling containers.
3. Warm up equipment if necessary.
4. Caliorate equipment oefore ana after use.
5. Test equipment to see if it is functioning properly.
6. Douole bag all non-disposaole sampling equipment as well as
electrical and camera equipment.
Page 26
1/85
-------
F.S.O.P.
TABLE 4-1
ATMOSPHERIC HAZARD GUIDELINES
Mo n i t o r i n g £qu1pmen t
Hazard
Amoient Level
Action
Comoustiole gas indicator
Explosive
atmospnere
Oxygen concentration meter Oxygen
Radiation survey
Radiation
LEL Continue investigate
10X-25X Continue on-site
monitoring with extrei
caution as higner lev*
are encountered.
25% LEL Potential explosion
hazard; withdraw from
area immediately.
19.5X Monitor wearing SCBA.
NOTE: Combustiole gas
readings are not valid
in atmospneres witn les
tnan ly.SX oxygen.
19.5-25X Continue investigation
with caution.. SCBA not
needed, cased on oxygen
content only.
Discontinue inspection;
fire nazard potential.
Consult specialist.
1 mR/nr Continue investigation.
If radiation is detected
aoove background levels,
tne presence of possible
radiation sources is
indicated; at this
level, more thorough
monitoring is advisable.
Consult with a health
-• physicist.
10 mrt/nr Potential radiation
nazard; evacuate site.
Continue monitoring only
upon tne advice of a
health physicist.
Colorimetric tuoes
Organic and
inorganic
vapors/gases
Depends on
species
Consult standard
reference manuals for
air concentrations/
toxicity data.
-------
F.S.O.P.
TABLE 4-1 (Continued)
HNU pnotoionizer
Organic 1) Depends on Consult standard
vapors/gases species reference manuals for
air concentrations/
toxicity data.
Pnotoionization detector
Organic vapor analyzer/
Flame ionization detector
2) Total
response
mode
Consult EPA Standard
Operating Procedures.
Organic
1) Depends on Consult standard
species reference manuals for
air concentratons/
toxicity data.
2) Total
response
mooe
Consult EPA Standard
Operating Procedures.
Page 28
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SECTION VIII
SCBA CHECKOUT PROCEDURES
1/85
-------
F.S.O.P. f4
PROCESS: SITE ENTRY
SCBA CHECKOUT PROCEDURES
I. INTRODUCTION
Before a self-contained oreatning apparatus can oe used, it must be
properly inspected. Botn of tne checklists tnat follow can nelp
ensure proper inspection. Tne first cneculist is for
pressure-demand SCBA units witn no mode-select lever, sucn as tne
MSA 401. Tne second cneciclist is for SCBAs with mode-select levers,
such as Scott Airpaics and Survivair units. Note tnat both
cnecklists indicate tnat inspection steps manned M are required
monthly ratner tnan prior to eacn use.
*
II. PRESSURE-DEMAND SCBA WITHOUT MODE SELECT LEVER
Prior to starting on checklist, make sure tnat:
- Hign-pressure nose connector is tignt on cylinder fitting.
- Bypass valve is closeo.
- Mainline valve is closed.
- Regulator outlet is not covered or obstructed.
A. Back Pack and Harness Assemoly
1. Straps
a. Visually inspect for complete set.
b. Visually inspect for frayed or damaged straps.
2. BucUes
a. Visually inspect for mating enos.
b. Cneck looting function.
3. Bacx Plate ana Cylinder LOCK
a. Visually inspect back plate for cracics and missing
rivets or screws.
o. Visually inspect cylinder nold-down strap. Physically
checK the strap tightener and loc< to assure tnat it is
fully engaged.
-------
F.S.O.P. f4
d. Cylinder and Cylinder Valve Assembly
1. Cylinder
a. Physically checic to assure tnat tne cylinder is tigntly
fastened to oacx plate.
(M) o. Visually inspect for large dents or gouges in metal.
(M) c. Chec* nyorostatic test date to assure it is current.
2. Heao and Valve Assemoly
(M) a. Visually determine tnat the cylinoer valve lock is
present.
(M) b. Visually inspect tne cylinder gauge for condition of
face, needle, and lens.
c. Open cylinder valve ana listen or feel for leakage
around packing, (if leakage is noted, do not use until
repaired.) Note function of valve lock.
C. Regulator and Hign-Pressure Hose
1. Hign-pressure Hose and Connector
Listen or feel for leakage in nose or at hose-to-cylinder
connector. (Buoole in outer nose covering may oe caused oy
seepage of air througn nose wnen stored under pressure.
This does not necessarily mean a faulty hose.)
2. Chec*. 0-ring in high pressure fitting connecting main line
valve to tan*.
3. Regulator ana Low-Pressure Alarm
a. Cover regulator outlet witn palm of nand. Open mainline
valve and read regulator gauge (tne gauge must read at
least 1,800 psi ana not more tnan tne ratea cylinder
pressure.)
D. Close cylinder valve and slowly move nana from regulator
outlet to allow air to flow slowly. Gauge should begin
to snow immediate loss of pressure. Low-pressure alarm
should sound oetween 650 and 550 psi. Remove nand
completely from outlet and close mainline valve.
c. Place moutn onto or over regulator outlet and olow. A
positive pressure should oe created and maintained for
5-10 seconds witnout loss of air. Next, inhale to
create a slignt negative pressure on regulator and nold
for 5-10 seconds. Vacuum snould remain constant. This
will test tne inteoritv nf »— ----
-------
.S.O.P. *4
pressure or vacuum during tnis test indicates a leak in
the apparatus.
d. Open cylinder valve.
e. Cover regulator outlet with palm of hand and open
mainline valve. Remove hand from outlet ano replace in
rapid movement. Repeat twice more. Air snoud escape
wnen nand is removed eacn time indicating a positive
pressure in cnamber. Close mainline valve and remove
hand from outlet.
f. Ascertain that regulator outlet is not covered or
oostructed. Open ano close bypass valve momentarily to
assure flow of air through bypass system.
*
0. Facepiece and Corrugated Breatning Tuoe
1. Facepiece
a. Visually inspect neao harness for damaged serrations and
deteriorated rubber. Visually inspect rubber facepiece
body for signs of oeterioration or extreme distortion.
b. Visually inspect lens for proper seal in rubber
facepiece. Make sure that tne retaining clamp is
properly in place and tnat there are no cracks or large
scratches.
*
c. Visually inspect exnalation valve for oeterioration or
buildup of foreign materials.
d. During the montnly inspection, carry out a negative
pressure test for overall facepiece seal and check tne
exnalation valve by tne following procedure: nold
facepiece tigntly to face, stretch breatning tube to
open corrugations ana place tnumo or nano over tne ena
of the connector. After innaling, negative pressure
snculd be created inside mask, causing it to pull
tigntly to face for 5-10 seconds. If negative pressure
drops do not wear facepiece.
2. Breathing Tube and Connector
a. Stretcn oreathing tuoe and visually inspect for
deterioration ana holes.
D. Visually inspect connector to assure good condition of
tnreads and loo* for presence and proper condition of
0-ring or ruooer gasnet seal.
E. Storage of Units
Certain criteria must oe met before an SCBA i*
not
-------
F.S.O.P. M
1. Cylinder refilled as necessary ana unit cleaned and
inspected.
2. Cylinder valve closed.
3. Hign-pressure hose connector tight on cylinder.
4. Pressure bled off nign-pressure nose and regulator.
5. Bypass valve closed.
6. Mainline valve closeu.
7. All straps completely loosened and untangleu.
*
8. Facepiece properly stored to protect against dust, direct
sunlight, extreme temperatures, excessive moisture, and
damaging chemicals.
III. PRESSURE-DEMAND, OPEN-CIRCUIT SCBA WITH MODE-SELECT LEVER
Prior to startiny on cneciclist, maice sure of tne following:
Hign-pressure hose connector is tight on cylinder fitting.
Bypass valve is closed.
Mainline valve is open and 'looted (wnen a IOCK is present).
Select lever is on "Demand" mode.
Regulator outlet is not covered or obstructed.
A. Ba« PacK and Harness Assembly
1. Straps
a. Visually inspect for complete set.
o. Visually inspect for frayed or damaged straps.
2. Buckles
a. Visually inspect for mating ends.
b. Cneck locking function.
3. BacK Plate ana Cylinder LOCK
a. Visually inspect bacK plate for cracks and missing
rivets or screws.
Page 32
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F.S.O.P. f«»
o. Visually inspect cylinder hold-down strap. Physically
checK strap tightener and lock to assure that it is
fully engaged.
B. Cylinder and Cylinder Valve Assembly
1. Cyiinoer
a. Pnysicaily checx to assure tnat the cylinder is tigntly
fastened to back plate.
(M) o. Visually inspect for large dents or gouges in metal.
(n) c. Check hydrostatic test date to assure tnat the
equipment nas oeen recently tested.
«
2. Head ana Valve Assembly
(M) a. Visually determine if the cylinder valve IOCK is
present.
(n) o. Visually inspect the cylinder gauge for conuition of
face, needle, and lens.
c. Open cylinder valve and listen or feel for leakage
around packing. (If leakage is noted, do not use until
repaired). Note function of valve IOCK.
C. Regulator and High-Pressure Hose
I. Hign-pressure nose and connector
Listen or feel for leakage in hose or at hose-to-cylinder
connector. (A ouoole in outer nose covering may oe caused
oy seepage of air through hose when stored under pressure.
This does not necessarily mean a faulty nose.)
'<.. Regulator and low-pressure Alarm
a. Read pressure on regulator gauge (tne guage must read
at least 1,800 psi and not more than the rated cylinder
pressure).
o. Close cylinder valve. Ascertain that regulator outlet
is not covered or obstructed. Position regulator to
ooserve regulator gauge. Slowly open oypass valve.
Air should flow from outlet, and gauge pressure snould
oegin to decrease immediately. Alarm snoulo sound at
pressure reading oetween 650 and 550 psi. (This
assures function of oypass valve and low-pressure
alarm). After pressure is completely released, close
DypdSS valve.
c. Place moutn onto or over reoulatnr «-.*'--
» > •"- -
-------
F.S.O.P. *4
create a siignt negative pressure on regulator; nold
for 5-10 seconds. Vacuum should remain constant. This
Mil) test tne integrity of tne diapnragm. Any loss of
pressure or vacuum during this test indicates a lean in
tne apparatus.
d. Open cylinder valve.
e. Innate on regulator outlet. Air snould De delivered
witn very siignt effort.
f. On units witn select lever, place nand over regulator
outlet. Select "Pressure-Demand" mode. Remove and
replace nand over outlet in rapid movement. Repeat
twice more. Air should escape when nand is removed
eacn time, indicating a positive pressure in cnamoer.
Select "Demand" mode on-select lever and remove hand
from outlet. At tnis point tnere snould be no air
leaking from any point on the pressurized unit.
D. Facepiece ano Corrugated Breatning Tuoe
1. Facepiece
a. Visually inspect nead harness for damaged serrations
and deteriorated rubber. Visually inspect ruober
facepiece body for signs of deterioration or extreme
distortion.
b. ' Visually inspect lens for proper seal in ruooer
facepiece. Make sure that tne retaining clamp is
properly in place and tnat tnere are no cracks or large
scratcnes.
c. Visually inspect exnalation valve for Deterioration or
buildup of foreign materials.
d. During tne montniy inspection, carry out a negative
pressure test for overall facepiece seal and cnecic the
exnalation valve uy tne following proceoure: nold
facepiece tightly to face, stretcn breatning tube to
open corrugations ano place tnumo or nand over tne ena
of tne connector. After inhaling, negative pressure
snould oe created inside mask, causing it to pull
tightly to face for 5-10 seconds. If negative pressure
arops oo not wear facepiece.
NOTE: On Scott Pressur-Pak II and 1IA facepiece units
place tne connector end of tne breatning tuoe
approximately 1/4 - 1/2 inch from palm of nand
and exuale. If any air returns tnrougn tube, do
not use ths unit.
Page 34
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F.S.O.P. »4
2. Breatning Tube and Connector
a. Stretch Dreatning tube and visually inspect for
deterioration and holes.
b. Visually inspect connector to assure good condition of
tnreads ano loo* for presence and proper conoition of
0-ring or ruboer gasket seal.
E. Storage of Units
Certain criteria must, oe met oefore an SC8A is stored. Units
not meeting tne criteria snould be set aside for repair by a
certified tecnnician. Tnese requirements are as follows:
a. Cylinder refilled as necessary'and unit cleaned and
inspected.
b. Cylinder valve closed.
c. Hign-pressure nose connector tignt on cylinder.
o. Pressure bled off of hign-pressure nose and regulator.
e. Bypass valve closed.
f. Mainline valve open (When mainline valve IOCK is present it
should oe engaged).
g. Select lever, if present, snould oe on "Demand" mode.
n. All straps completely loosened and untangled.
i. Facepiece properly stored to protect against dust, direct
sunlight, extreme temperatures, excessive moisture, and
damaging cnemicals.
Page 35
1/85'
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