------- LABORATORY PLAN FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Part II: Survey of EPA Laboratory Requirements March 1972 Prepared by: Laboratory Operations Division Office of Research and Monitoring ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX A: OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING Section I: National Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle Park, N.C. Section II: National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Section III: National Environmental Research Center, Corvallis, Oreg. Section IV: Western Environmental Research Laboratory Las Vegas, Nev. APPENDIX B: OFFICE OF CATEGORICAL PROGRAMS Section I: Office of Pesticides Programs Section II: Office of Solid Waste Management Programs Section III: Office of Radiation Programs APPENDIX B: OFFICE OF AIR AND WATER PROGRAMS Section I: Office of Air Programs Addendum A: Resource Requirements for Sampling and Analysis Support Addendum B: Ann Arbor Facility History Section II: Office of Water Programs APPENDIX D: OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL Section I: Cincinnati and Denver Field Investigation Centers Section II: Marine Investigation Center Section III: Air Pollution Field Investigation Center ------- APPENDIX E: REGIONAL OFFICES Section I: Region I Section II: Region II Section III: Region III Section IV: Region IV Section V: Region V Section VI: Region VI Section VII: Region VII Section VIII: Region VIII Section IX: Region IX Section X: Region X Figure C-l C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 E-I-1 E-I-2 LIST OF FIGURES Title Page Organization of Office of Air Programs C-I-3 OAP Existing Personnel in Existing Facilities, By Program C-I-4 Management Concept of OAP Field Facilities C-I-6 Office of Water Programs Organization Structure C-II-2 Office of Water Programs Field Facilities Management Concept C-II-3 Region I Organization E-I-3 Surveillance and Analysis Division Organization, Region I E-I-^ 11 ------- Figure Title Page E-II-1 Region II Organization E-II-U E-II-2 Surveillance and Analysis Division Organization, Region II E-II-5 E-VI-1 Region VI Organization E-VT-10 E-VII-1 Proposed Organization, Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region VII E-VII-^ E-IX-1 Functions of Technical Support Branch, Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region IX E-IX-3 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 National Laboratories - Summary of Personnel Staffing by Location 2 2 Regional Laboratories - Summary of Personnel Staffing by Location 3 A-l Laboratory Resources - Office of Research and Monitoring - NERC, Research Triangle Park, N.C. A-I-38 A-2a Laboratory Resources - Office of Research and Monitoring (excluding pending water legislation) - NERC, Cincinnati, Ohio A-II-^U A-2b Laboratory Resources - Office of Research and Monitoring (including pending water legislation) - NERC, Cincinnati, Ohio A-II-^6 A-3a Laboratory Resources - Office of Research and Monitoring (excluding pending water legislation) - NERC, Corvallis, Oreg. A-III-30 111 ------- Table Title Page A-3b Laboratory Resources - Office of Research and Monitoring (including pending water legislation) - NERC, Corvallis, Oreg. A-III-32 A-k Laboratory Resources - Office of Research and Monitoring - WERL, Las Vegas, Nev. A-IV-11)- B-l Laboratory Resources - Office of Categorical Programs - Pesticides B-III-17 B-2 Laboratory Resources - Office of Categorical Programs - Solid Wastes B-III-18 B-3 Laboratory Resources - Office of Categorical Programs - Radiation B-III-19 C-l Laboratory Resources - Office of Air Programs - Research Triangle, N.C. C-I-19 C-2 Laboratory Resources - Office of Air Programs - Ann Arbor, Mich. C-I-21 C-3 Existing Laboratory Research Facilities, Water Supply Programs C-II-5 C-4 Proposed Additional Laboratory Research Facilities, Water Supply Programs C-II-7 C-5 Laboratory Resources - Office of Water Programs (water supply programs) C-II-16 C-6 Laboratory Resources - Office of Water Programs (excluding water supply programs) C-II-1T D-l Specific Capabilities of Cincinnati and Denver Field Investigation Centers D-2 IV ------- Table Title Page D-2 Laboratory Resources - Office of Enforcement and General Counsel D-II-5 E-I-1 Professional Staff, Region I E-I-1 E-I-2 Laboratory Resources, Region I E-I-5 E-I-3 Laboratory Component Summary, Region I E-I-9 E-II-1 Staffing Requirements, Region II E-II-10 E-II-2 Laboratory Component Summary, Region II E-II-13 E-III-1 Technical Support Branch, Region III E-III-2 E-III-2 Laboratory Resources, Region III E-III-U E-III-3 Laboratory Component Summary, Region III E-III-6 E-IV-1 Present Staff by Discipline, Region IV E-IV-3 E-IV-2 Laboratory Resources, Region IV E-IV-6 E-IV-3 Laboratory Component Summary, Region IV E-IV-25 E-V-1 Program Category Summary, Region V Laboratories, Fiscal Years 1972-77 E-V-6 E-V-2 Present Professional Staffing, Region V Laboratories E-V-7 E-V-3 Projected Professional Staffing, Region V Laboratories E-V-8 E-V-^ Capabilities, Region V Laboratories E-V-9 E-V-5 Facilities and Equipment, Region V Laboratories E-V-10 E-V-6 Laboratory Resources, Region V E-V-11 E-V-7 Laboratory Component Summary, Region V E-V-^5 ------- Table Title E-VT-1 Laboratory Service Plan, Region VI E-VT-2 Laboratory Resources, Region VI, Division Summary E-VI-3 Laboratory Resources, Region VI, Divisional Breakdown E-VI-^ Laboratory Component Summary, Region VI E-VTI-1 Laboratory Resources, Region VII E-VTI-2 Existing and Projected Laboratory Space and Staff, Region VII E-VII-3 Laboratory Component Summary, Region VII E-VIII-1 Laboratory Resources, Region VIII E-VIII-2 Laboratory Component Summary, Region VIII E-IX-1 Laboratory Capabilities, Region IX E-IX-2 Laboratory Resources, Region IX E-IX-3 Laboratory Component Summary, Region IX E-X-1 Consolidated Laboratory Services, Man-Hours, Region X E-X-2 Consolidated Laboratory Services, Costs, Region X E-X-3 Laboratory Resources, Region X E-X-^ Laboratory Component Summary, Region X Page E-VI-11 E-VI-lU E-VI-15 E-VI-^0 E-VII-6 E-VII-T E -VII -11 E-VIII-10 E -VIII -13 E-IX-4 E-IX-6 E-IX-22 E-X-2 E-X-6 E-X-16 VI ------- A separate document, Part I of the EPA Laboratory Plan, presents a series of recommendations which comprise the proposed plan for EPA laboratories. This document, Part II, reviews the laboratory needs of the Agency. It was developed by requesting that every organizational entity within EPA submit a description of its present-day laboratories, its ongoing laboratory programs, and the extent to which these laboratories are adequate for existing programs. Each responding component of the Agency also has attempted to document its expected program growth as it relates to the laboratories. These data are contained in individual appendices of this report, which are organized as follows: Appendix A: Office of Research and Monitoring Appendix B: Office of Categorical Programs Appendix C: Office of Air and Water Programs Appendix D: Office of Enforcement and General Counsel Appendix E: Regions After this information from throughout the Agency was received, a comprehensive review was undertaken by Office of Planning and Management to compare the consistency of these data with the budget ceiling. Wherever personnel projections exceeded the budget ceiling, these pro- jections were modified accordingly. On the basis of this analysis, a composite set of projections, by location, was prepared, consolidating the data of individual programs. The resulting projections are shown in Tables 1 and 2. They reflect the personnel staffing summaries for the EPA laboratory system covering the period FY 1972 to FY 1977. The summaries of personnel in both tables were based on the following: c For FY 1972, the actual allocation of positions was used o For FY 1973> the projections were predicated on program estimates derived from the FY 1973 budget ceiling o For FY 197^ to 1977, projections for OCP and the Regions were based on Appendices B and E respectively, and pro- jections for ORM and OAWP were developed from the budget ceiling provided by 0PM. The numbers for a given location do not reflect the consolidation recommended in the plan (Part l). The projections in these tables include all organizational components (ORM, OCP, OAWP, OEGC, Regions) located within a particular geographic area. The personnel projected in Table 2 for the Regions are for the laboratory component of the Region (Surveillance and Analysis Division) only and are not intended to be used for estimating total Regional staffing. ------- TABLE 1 NATIONAL LABORATORIES - SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL STAFFING BY LOCATION Laboratory Research Triangle Park, N.C. Rockville, Md. Chamblee, Ga. Perrine, Fla. Montgomery, Ala. Cincinnati, Ohio Edison, N.J. Gig Harbor, Wash. Dauphin Island, Ala. Corvallis, Oreg. ' Narragansett, R.I. Gulf Breeze, Fla. College, Alaska Athens, Ga. Duluth, Minn. Ada, Okla. Grosse lie, Mich. Las Vegas, Nev. Winchester, Mass.c Ann Arbor, Mich. Washington, D.C.C Belts ville, Md.C Bay St. Louis, Miss. TOTAL FYT2 9*6 60 87 55 70 751 26 10 22 8k 92 39 16 63 91 60 10 208 19 157 1* 58 k9 2987 FY73 1167 60 87 66 70 773 26 10 22 99 106 65 16 65 120 60 10 222 19 25* Ik 68 57 3*56 aFY7* 127* 58 87 69 70 791 2k 11 23 125 109 85 16 71 123 72 12 228 19 265 15 76 78 3699 aFY75 1358 59 87 Ik 70 823 22 11 2k 13* 114 89 16 71 129 75 12 232 19 257 17 82 87 3860 aFY76 1*16 62 87 78 70 8*5 19 12 2k 1*1 119 89 16 73 13* 78 12 237 19 258 20 87 96 3922 aFY77 1*71 63 87 83 70 865 17 12 2* 1*7 12* 91 16 75 1*0 80 12 25* 19 260 20 90 101 *121 Budgeted positions used for FY 197* - 1977 except where otherwise noted. Includes Wenachee, Wash., Field Station. Projections provided by OCP. includes personnel assigned to field sites. eincludes Bears Bluff Field Station and NEWSL. f Includes pesticides laboratory. ------- TABLE 2 REGIONAL LABORATORIES - SUMMARY OF PERSONNEL STAFFING BY LOCATION r\ Laboratory Needham, Mass. Edison, N.J. New York, N.Y. Rochester, N.Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Charlottesville, Va. Wheeling, W.Va. Annapolis, Md. Athen, Ga. Chicago, 111. Grosse lie, Mich. Evansville, Ind. Cleveland, Ohio Minneapolis, Minn. Dallas, Tex. Ada, Okla. Baton Rouge, La. Kansas City, Kan. Denver, Colo. San Francisco, Calif. Alameda, Calif. Seattle, Wash. TOTAL FYT2 16 28 10 6 7 11 11 56 23 6 12 9 3 25 14 6 12 77 8 21 11 572 FY73 24 50 12 9 17 11 11 72 47 6 12 9 3 31 14 6 30 103 9 29 30 535 FY74 45 62 13 9 — 38 11 11 76 74 6 12 9 3 70 14 6 k2 102 9 31 ^5 688 FY75 k7 66 Ik 9 — 4i n 11 80 80 6 12 9 3 85 14 6 48 115 11 35 47 750 FY76 50 70 15 9 — 44 11 11 82 87 6 12 9 3 95 14 6 49 121 11 37 49 • 791 FY77 51 70 15 9 — 47 11 11 85 93 6 12 9 3 100 14 6 51 121 11 38 51 814 Projected staffing as submitted to task group unless otherwise noted. Includes staff assigned to NFIC (memo dated 1/27/72) and pesticides laboratory. ------- APPENDIX A Office of Research and Monitoring ------- The Office of Research and Monitoring (ORM) is responsible for EPA's major research efforts. This research is carried out by three National Environmental Research Centers located in Research Triangle Park, N.C., Cincinnati, Ohio, and Corvallis, Oreg., and at the Western Environmental Research Laboratory (WERL) in Las Vegas, Nev. The responsibilities of each Center and WERL are discussed by program codes. The resource requirements for each location, in terms of dollars and man-years for fiscal 1972 through 1-977, are grouped at the end of each section of the appendix. A-l ------- SECTION I: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. To provide sound\scientific bases for control of environmental pol- lutants which adversely affect human health and welfare, the National Environmental Research Center (NERC) in Research Triangle Park, N.C., conducts comprehensive research programs on the long- and short-term effects of environmental pollutants, development of sampling and meas- urement methods and instrumentation, environmental formation and decay of pollutants, and environmental meteorology. In addition to the research programs, the Center maintains and operates a national environmental surveillance program and a national environmental data information service, provides laboratory and other technical services to organizations external to the Center, develops environmental quality criteria and state-of-the-art documents, and operates the fuel and fuel additives registration program. The Center accomplishes its mission through in-house activities located at the Research Triangle Park (RTF) facilities, research facil- ities at the University of North Carolina, and several assigned satel- lite research laboratories, as well as through research and development contracts with public and private organizations, research grants, inter- national programs, and interagency agreements. Concept of Operation The mission of the Center is broadly stated in terms of media, categories, and disciplines in order to accommodate possible shifts of emphasis over the next few years. The on-site research and monitoring activities at the Research Triangle Park will continue to concentrate on air pollution problems and to provide the research and monitoring backup to support EPA's regulatory mission in air pollution. The present close coordination with the Office of Air Programs is expected to be strength- ened and intensified. The program of research in health and ecological effects will be broadened to include pesticides and radiation as well. Close interfaces are being established between these programs, the satellite laboratories of this Center, and related research programs in the other NERC's at Cincinnati, Ohio and Corvallis, Oreg. Through our satellite laboratories at Montgomery, Ala., and Rockville, Md., we envision a cohesive program of research in radiation with special emphasis on the effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiation on human health and biological systems. We expect this program to be closely coordinated with that of the Western Environmental Research Laboratory at A-I-1 ------- Las Vegas, Nev., the health and ecological programs at Research Triangle Park, and NERC-Cincinnati. The program will be responsive to the needs of the Office of Radiation Programs and EPA. The pesticides toxicology and chemistry programs at Perrine, Fla., Chamblee, Ga., and Wenatchee, Wash., should become an integral part of the total RERC-RTP mission in environmental research. They will continue to be responsive to the needs of the Office of Pesticides Programs and the EPA regulatory mission. We anticipate addition of several research activities currently assigned to the Offices of Categorical and Air and Water Programs. Exam- ples are research on control systems for stationary sources of air pollu- tants, the community pesticides program, and certain aspects of the water hygiene program. Present plans provide for reassigning the operating direction of the research and development program on control systems for stationary sources of air pollution to this Center in July 1972. A-I-2 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 110101: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-AIR-ESTABLISHMENT OF CRITERIA AND STANDARDS-POLLUTANT CHARACTERIZATION Objectives The objectives of this program are to: « Provide a basis for selection of strategies for pollutant control e Issue air quality criteria for those pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards are to be proposed and promulgated e Revise air quality criteria o Develop guidance for proposed emission standards for hazardous pollutants c Evaluate impact of emissions from mobile sources on air quality. Description Information developed under other programs, augmented by information developed Tinder contract, is summarized for use in considering the need for control and the appropriate control strategy to be employed. Fol- lowing such decisions, documentation required in support of opted control strategies is developed. This documentation consists of criteria docu- ments for those pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality Standards will be established. In other instances, the documentation will identify the hazardous nature of the pollutant and provide guidance for establishment of emission standards. As new information becomes available, criteria documents will be revised and reissued, especially when the new information supports modi- fication of air quality standards. Other major efforts undertaken in this program center around the evaluation of impact of emissions from mobile sources (light-and heavy- duty vehicles and aircraft) on air quality, thereby providing guidance for emission standards consistent with National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program is related to other EPA programs involving research on: A-I-3 ------- o Community Health Effects Surveillance Studies (CHESS) o Ecological Impact e Biomedical Support e Formation and Decay of Pollutants e Instrumentation and Analytical Methods Development o Standardization of Instrumentation and Analytical Methods. Interaction with Other Laboratories This program interacts with the Office of Science and Technology and the National Science Foundation. These agencies fund programs which are utilized in examination of pollutants, and close coordination is required to avoid duplication of effort and to ensure that other programs are formulated to provide EPA the maximum assistance. A-I-k ------- PROGRAM CODE: 110102: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-AIR-ESTABLISHMENT OF CRITERIA AM) STANDARDS-FUEL AND FUEL ADDITIVE REGISTRATION Objectives The objectives of this program are to register all fuels and fuel additives and to determine if they should be controlled. Description All fossil fuels in general use (except coal) and their additives will be registered and the related test procedures and protocols will be developed. Data submitted by industry for purposes of registration will provide basic information concerning fuels and additives. After test procedures and protocols (for tests to be conducted by manufacturers) have been developed and incorporated into the registration procedures, information on emission products and their effects on public health, welfare, and performance of emission control devices will also be avail- able. The information thus obtained from industry, supplemented by the results of research by EPA, will provide a comprehensive data bank avail- able for use in screening, evaluating, and supporting decisions on the need for control of a fuel or fuel additive. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Other EPA research programs provide input to fuel and fuel additive registration: o CHESS o Ecological Impact o Biomedical Support e Formation and Decay of Pollutants o Standardization of Instrumentation and Analytical Methods. This program will provide input into the pollutant characterization program. A-I-5 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 110103: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-AIR-ESTABLISHMENT OF CRITERIA AND STANDARDS-REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION STUDY Objectives The Regional Air Pollution Study is to provide: o A description of the transport, dispersion, and other atmos- pheric processes associated with both stable and reactive pollutants, in enough detail to allow meaningful prediction of pollutant distribution over distances on the order of 150 kilometers o An improved understanding of the atmospheric reactions asso- ciated with SOp, NO , hydrocarbons, ozone, organic nitrates, and aldehydes x o Definition of an optimum network designed to measure and monitor air quality and meteorology over a typical Air Quality Control Region o Definition of an optimum system for obtaining and up-dating emission inventories for a Region e A comprehensive and detailed emission inventory for a Region o A demonstration and evaluation of how the effectiveness of air pollution control strategies may be assessed and predicted within an air quality region o A basis for developing improved control strategies. Description The Regional Study will involve a detailed analysis of the sources of pollution, meteorology, and air quality within and near the St. Louis area. The study will require more /comprehensive source inventory and meteorological and air quality data than have heretofore been obtained. The study is expected to take 5 years to complete. An optimum program will consider additional studies at coastal and mountainous sites, following completion of the St. Louis study. Special field studies involving atmospheric tracers, aircraft, mobile laboratories, and remote sensing of air quality and meteorological conditions will be carried out. The Regional Study should provide a sound scientific body of infor- mation that can be used to better assess the adequacy of States' Imple- mentation Programs and to develop Implementation Programs for pollutants which EPA decides need to be controlled. An improved quantitative description of physicochemical factors affecting air quality will be help- ful for evaluation of control strategies, urban planning, and general environmental improvement. The knowledge gained will be suitable for a A-I-6 ------- comprehensive evaluation and improvement of available mathematical models of air quality on an urban-regional scale, as well as providing data to develop new modeling techniques. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The Regional Study will require air quality and emission data avail- able through the National Aerometric Data Information Services and the Division of Air Surveillance. Trace technology and the chemical labora- tories of the Division of Chemistry and Physics and aircraft capabilities of WERL will be used. Interaction with other EPA offices and centers would be as required pending the approved reorganization. The results of the study will be transferred to the Office of Air Programs for imple- mentation in the field. i Interaction with Other Laboratories The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) provides meteorologists on assignment to EPA. Other agencies (National Science Foundation, AEG, NOAA, National Center for Atmospheric Research) may conduct complementary studies that could enhance greatly the value of the total effort. Although not included in budget, mesoscale forecasting and modeling studies supported by the grant program would be relevant. A-I-T ------- PROGRAM CODE: 110200: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-AIR-RESEARCH-AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS (SPECIFICALLY, 110201 AND 110203) Objectives Health research needs are practical and problem-oriented. Studies are designed to define the relationship between environmental pollutants, singly or in combination, and specific undesirable effects. The specific objectives are to: e Provide health intelligence for establishing environmental standards e Evaluate existing environmental standards e Quantitate pollutant burdens in exposed populations o Quantitate health benefits of pollutant controls. Description This program includes laboratory studies in animals or cellular sys- tems, clinical studies on human subjects, and epidemiologic studies on human populations. Both intramural investigations and extramural arrange- ments with universities, industry, private research institutions, and other governmental agencies are involved. Analysis of the economic value of the effects is an integral part of the program. A-I-8 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 110202: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS -AIR-RESEARCH-AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS-ECOLOGICAL IMPACT Objectives The primary objective is to determine the effects of environmental stressors—primarily air pollutants—upon the terrestrial ecosystem, upon components of that ecosystem, and upon those materials and structures used by man to modify the environment for his own use. Data collected in this element must be quantitative in nature to be useful in developing the predictive tools EPA needs. Description The work centers on the ecosystem as the basic unit. The systems to be investigated are being selected because of their economic importance, their closeness to major pollutant sources, and their extent on a national basis. The basic tools of ecosystems analysis, the predictive models, have not been developed to date; however, they are required if EPA is to move from a fire-fighting agency to that of an environmental management agency. During the first 2 years of this planning phase the major emphasis will be on the development of the tools needed to conduct eco- systems research. Six models have been identified. Successional Model. In major wild land situations, the primary concern of the ecologist is that the succession of plants, and thus the wildlife habitat, will be altered as a result of effects of man-made environmental stressors. This model will be developed by an in-house program using local grasses, weeds, and shrubs to develop and test our own model of the effects of oxidant upon the system. In addition, under contract, the University of California will develop a model of effects of photochemical oxidant upon a western mixed conifer ecosystem in the San Bernardino National Forest. Yield or Biomass Model. The major effect of pollutants upon man's food supplies is through the effects upon agricultural lands. Work in this area has been limited in many ways due to restraints of time, money, and facilities. During the next 2 years the facility restraint will be lifted. With some restructuring of programs (now under way), the effects of the other restraints can be reduced enough to begin to give data which will allow the program to pro- ceed in this area. By the third year, a meaningful agricultural yield model should be available for the effects of sulfur dioxide, photochemical oxidants, nitrogen oxides, and peroxyacylnitrate. Some limited data will be available on interactions of these pollutants, Mass Transfer Model. The transport of toxic materials through food chains is one of EPA's major concerns in both the aquatic and the A-I-9 ------- terrestrial ecosystems. In order to conduct meaningful research in this area, it will be necessary to rely heavily on radioisotope work already under way in other agencies, along with studies of our own. The Center's efforts will combine the fuel additives work with this work to give models for a number of toxic elements. The priorities for these are mercury, lead, cadmium, manganese, and iron, in that order. These choices are based upon preliminary models of the terrestrial system. A "model" ecosystem is being developed and should be operational by the end of 1973- This system will enable rough screening of fuel additives and provide data for verifying the models. Population Models. With wild land populations of mammals and insects, the interrelations between individuals and between groups of individ- uals are of primary importance in the effects of stressors upon the ecosystem, as well as in the transfer of toxic materials through food chains. As a first approximation, mosquito populations and microorganisms will be used to develop models. Both are sensitive to manipulation and can thus be used to verify concepts. This work will center around data from the old mosquito control program and from laboratory studies. Models should be completed by the end of FY 1973- Sulfur dioxide, ozone, mercury, lead, cadmium, and manganese will be used. Mechanism Models. To identify the sites of action of pollutants it is necessary to develop models that will give indications of how plants operate under the stress of a pollutant. These models will have a low priority but are needed if we are to determine how to breed resistant plants without a long-term breeding effort. The first such model, which is already under way, is being developed from in-house data collected over the last 5 years. It should be completed by the end of FY 1972. Others will be developed as they are identified and data obtained. Sulfur dioxide and ozone will be used for this initial work. By the beginning of FY 197^ the Center will be in a position to under- take major ecosystems studies. The first such study is at San Bernardino. The work has not begun but a protocol is being developed under contract with the University of California. Five campuses and several other Federal and State agencies are taking part. A second study will involve the Agricultural-Forest-Old Field Ecosystem of Piedmont, N.C. It will examine the impact of sulfur dioxide and ozone in selected locations near the Center. Materials Models. Materials are used extensively as man's means of adapting the environment to his own needs. The costs of these materials increase constantly. Any factor which impacts on this cost must be taken into consideration in determining the effects of A-I-10 ------- those factors. Air pollutants and probably water pollutants fall into that category. This program presently covers these studies. However, it is the consensus of feeling that they should be a separate program in order to make them more visible and allow them some degree of autonomy from the biological aspects of ecology. The present program calls for studies on the effects of common air pollutants on metals, fabrics, paints, building materials, and elastomers. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program of necessity will interact with the Corvallis NERC, which has been assigned responsibility for ecology. We hope that this relationship will enable us to work cooperatively with the Gulf Breeze Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Fla., on a pesticide study encompassing both terrestrial and estuary systems, as well as a study with the National Water Quality Laboratory in Duluth, Minn., investi- gating the impacts of sulfur oxides acid rainfall on a major system in the eastern United States. Assistance from the Center's Satellite Labs and from the Western Environmental Research Laboratory is also contemplated. Interaction with Other Laboratories The EPA ecological impact program has maintained working inter- agency cooperative agreements with the USDA's Agricultural Research Service and Forest Service for several years. This arrangement has proved beneficial to all parties. We plan to continue and broaden these relationships as new funds permit. Plans are under way to develop a viable ecosystems modeling research program in North Carolina in conjunction with local univer- sities and other Federal agencies. Our work presently interacts closely with North Carolina State University. We use their facilities, equipment, and staff through a cooperative agreement handled by ARS. The plan is to transfer this arrangement to EPA next fiscal year. A-I-11 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 110301: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-AIR-RESEARCH- ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA- METEOROLOGICAL RESEARCH Objectives The main objectives are to: o Develop analytical formulations to estimate the relation- ship between any arbitrary distribution of pollutant sources and the resultant air quality o Describe and evaluate the impact of air pollutants on visibility, weather, and climate, on scales ranging from local to global dimensions o Provide an accurate and updated description of the roles and interrelationships of atmospheric processes and ecology in effective air, water, and land resource management. In order to meet these main objectives, the following secondary objectives will have to be achieved: o Valid physicochemical-diffusion models, to account for atmos- pheric reactions involving sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, ozone, organic nitrates, and aldehydes (by FY 1976) o Diffusion model capable of describing the concentration distribution of the automotive-generated nonreactive (carbon monoxide) pollutant (by FY 1973) o Adaptation of planetary boundary layer models to simulate urban boundary layer dispersion processes (by FY 197*0 o An improved mathematical model for predicting the dispersion of pollutants (including heat and water vapor) from large electric power generation facilities (by FY 197*0 e Development of remote sensing techniques for measuring mixing depths and vertical temperature and wind profiles within the planetary boundary layer (by FY 1973) o Implementation of regional-global geophysical monitoring networks (by FY 1973) and expansion of networks (by 1974). A-I-12 ------- Description Current and proposed efforts focus on the development of a hier- archy of general urban-regional diffusion models; theoretical modeling efforts involving an assessment of new empirical and numerical modeling techniques are under way. Diffusion model tests and validation will be carried out in appropriate urban areas; remote sensing instrument proto- types will be modified to give field units capable of measuring vertical wind and temperature profiles. Global turbidity network will be expanded; lead monitoring at remote maritime areas will be continued; precipitation chemistry network data will be analyzed for relating local weather influences; the identification of stratospheric sulfur and natural pre- cipitation washout of power plant plumes will be made through aircraft monitoring and field tests. Synoptic scale weather and climatic data will be analyzed to quantify air pollution potential forecasts and im- prove forecasting techniques useful to Air Quality Control Regions. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The studies utilize air quality and precipitation chemistry data available through the National Aerometric Data Information Services and the Division of Air Surveillance. Tracer technology and chemical labora- tory facilities of the Division of Chemistry and Physics support field tests. Interaction with Other Laboratories In interagency agreements, NCAA provides meteorologists and tech- nicians on assignment to EPA. TVA and AEG support work in plume studies and sulfur studies. A-I-13 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 110302: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-AIR-RESEARCH- ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA- FORMATION AND DECAY OF POLLUTANTS Objectives Pollution control strategies are based on knowledge of atmospheric chemistry and physics. Detailed knowledge is needed on how pollutants react with each other, with the permanent atmospheric gases, with sunlight, and with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Formation and destruction of pollutants in these interactions determine their con- centrations and lifetimes in the atmosphere. Both gaseous and par- ticulate pollutants are involved in the interactions. Aerosols are formed in polluted air from the reactions of gases. Past atmospheric chemistry and physics programs have provided a base of knowledge for the pollution control strategy which is now being put into effect. Although there has been much progress, many important aspects of the problem still have not been studied, and many others that have been studied have not yielded satisfactory understanding. Other objectives include to enhance definition of the chemical and physical production and decay or removal of pollutants of importance in the atmosphere; to assess, by 3/30/73> the contribution of pollutants through their atmos- pheric reactions to the atmospheric loading of fine particulates; and to provide information in a timely fashion to meet schedules for revision of criteria documents. Description Laboratory and field studies are directed at an understanding of the formation and decay of air pollutants on an urban scale and, to a limited extent over the planning period, on regional and global scales. The program will result in knowledge on which to base pollution control strategies and specific pollution control decisions. It will be disseminated in books, reports, journal articles, press releases, discussions in committees, presentations at scientific meetings, public speeches, and in other appropriate ways, as approved by EPA. This program element involves laboratory and field studies of atmospheric reactions related to the formation and decay of air pol- lutants. The proposed program will be carried out in a combination of 'ays: e By application of the techniques of experimental chemistry and physics in the Office of Air Programs laboratory ------- o By measurement of the ambient polluted atmosphere at selected geographical locations o By study, analysis, and computation based on existing scientific information. There are no external projects or tasks which are necessary to support this program. However, some of the modeling work carried out under the meteorological research program and some of our work are mutually supporting. A significant number of research grants are made under this program. The number of field studies (supported by laboratory studies) that can be undertaken depends on the resources available. With minimal resources, approximately one small field study per year can be under- taken. Results from these studies must be used to estimate the atmos- pheric chemistry at other sites. Such estimations involve extreme extrapolation of data with low probability of accuracy. Additional resources would allow a greater number of field studies per year and would therefore allow greater success in predicting atmospheric chem- istry at other sites. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Although the program is oriented primarily to air pollution prob- lems, some of the knowledge gained will undoubtedly have a bearing on the control of pollution in water and on the land. These intermedia benefits are likely to be indirect and difficult to predict precisely. One obvious area of intermedia impact is in identifying the reactions of the products of solid waste combustion or slow decomposition. If the chemistry of air pollutants is more fully known, better estimates can be made of the consequences of gasification of solid wastes. A-I-15 ------- PROGRAM CODE: IIOJOJ: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-AIR-RESEARCH- ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA- METEOROLOGICAL SUPPORT Objectives There are a number of objectives in this program: e To gather, evaluate, and appraise environmental quality and meteorological-climatological information needed for abate- ment and compliance actions e To provide technical guidance and consultation to States and local control officials o To provide technical assistance for monitoring and surveys, as well as for special in-house investigations concerning the impact of pollutants on public health and welfare, agricul- ture, and property o To provide meteorologists for specialized training courses. Description The program carries on these activities: e Consultation o Data analysis and interpretation o Staff support activities to EPA, as required e Appropriate meteorological input to Implementation Plans o Proper recognition of meteorological factors in abatement and compliance investigations e Better understanding of meteorology and its relationship to environmental quality and ecology by personnel in the field o Appropriate meteorological information and liaison with National Weather Service during air pollution episodes. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The program provides assistance as required by other EPA programs. NOAA provides meteorologists on assignment to EPA. The program maintains technical liaison with meteorologists assigned to the 10 Regional Offices. A-I-16 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 11*01: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-AIR-RESEARCH- MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS-INSTRUMENTATION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS DEVELOPMENT Objectives Sections 103 and 101*. Of the Clean Air Act authorize instrumen- tation and analytical methods development. Other provisions of the Act require that instrumentation and analytical techniques be avail- able for enforcing standards that have been or will be set. Control of air pollution depends on the ability to determine the concentrations of pollutants in the ambient air and at the sources of the pollutants. The measurement of the pollutants depends on the availability of accu- rate and consistent instrumentation and methodology. No truly satisfactory methods or instruments are currently available for routine monitoring of ambient air or pollution sources for most pollutants, yet Federal, State, and local control agencies must soon enforce a series of controls on emissions from sources and must monitor the ambient air to achieve the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The potential market for instruments does not provide sufficient incen- tive for private industry to invest the required capita] in research and development. Therefore, the Federal Government must fund the R&D phases of instrumentation and methodology development, with private industry undertaking commercialization. Because of the accelerated air pollution control program called for in the Clean Air Amendments of 1970, particularly on new source perform- ance standards and emission standards for hazardous pollutants, a major expansion is needed in the instrumentation and analytical methods development program. Of particular importance is the lack of methodology for measuring emissions from stationary sources. Description This program consists of research, development, testing, and eval- uation and covers all measurement needs of the air pollution control program. The 37 pollutants or classes of pollutants assigned the highest priority for control must be covered by adequate measurement techniques. A manual method will be developed for all of these pollutants, both for ambient air and source emissions. Approximately one-third of the pollutants will have continuous instrumentation developed for ambient air monitoring; approximately one-half will have stationary source moni- toring instrumentation developed. In addition, many diverse categories of industries must be covered, each with its unique requirements for emissions sampling methodology. A-I-17 ------- Instrumentation for measuring compliance with the standards applicable to 1975 and 1976" light duty motor vehicles (including ad- vanced power sources) will be developed, as well as instrumentation to measure emissions from other mobile source classes such as heavy-duty vehicles, aircraft, off-highway vehicles, locomotives, and vessels. For further improvement in monitoring capabilities, long-path and remote monitoring instrumentation also will be developed. The goal is measurement methods to cover all of the control pro- grams, pollutant characterization studies, and air monitoring activities. With regard to stationary sources, methods will be made available for each polluting industry covered by new source performance standards and hazardous emissions standards and for additional existing sources coming under control. New monitoring capabilities, including remote capabilities in the long term, will be made available. With regard to mobile sources, support is needed for new enforce- ment mechanisms (such as assembly-line testing and State inspection sys- tems), lower emission level measurements required by new standards, measurement requirements as additional pollutants (oxygenates, hydro- carbons, polycyclic organic matter) come under study and control, and control of additional mobile sources. In addition to better coverage of the 37 pollutants by ambient air monitoring methodology (emphasizing pollutants covered by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards and revisions), methods with greater pre- cision, accuracy, reliability, ease of use, and lower cost will be made available; also, new capabilities of multipollutant measuring instru- ments, portability, integrated path, and integrated time measurements will be made available. This program involves application of existing and new technology in physics and chemistry to the peculiar measurement requirements of the air pollution control program. It employs in-house research, complemented by contract research in the private sector and interagency agreements with other Federal laboratories and Federal contract labora- tories. Requirements are identified through interaction with the operational users and testing existing methodology, (instrumentation requirements are currently being documented in a long-range research plan.) Measure- ment methods based on the best available technology will be recommended at the time the first groups of ambient air quality standards, new source performance standards, and hazardous substance emission standards are promulgated. These methods will be developed in close coordination with the Stationary Source Pollution Control Programs. As rapidly as possible improved methods, where needed, will be developed as replacements for tentative methods. A-I-18 ------- At the same time, work will be progressing on instrumental methods where these are needed. Efforts will be initiated on subsequent stand- ards so that evaluated methods can be available when standards are promulgated. Finally, because of the great potential of remote optical methods and long-path optical methods for measuring pollutants in sources or in the ambient air, such techniques will be developed. Close coordination will be maintained with both the Mobile Source Pollution Control Pro- grams and the program to develop revised or new criteria documents so that methods and instrumentation can be provided these programs on a timely basis. The anticipated rate of funding will not allow fully tested and approved methods until late in FY 197^- This assumes a great increase in funding in FY 1973 and 197^ compared to FY 1972. A program that would also include development of ultimate methods or the establishment of equivalency methods proposed by industry or instrument vendors would require even greater funding. Measurement methods to identify and characterize additional air pollutants would also require additional funding. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Certain types of remote sensing equipment are useful in aerial monitoring of water pollution. Methods and instrumentation for measure- ment of emissions from incinerators may relate to solid waste control programs. Instrumentation for measurements of air quality with respect to pesticides may be included in this program element. Air and source sampling methods for particulates are related to those used for radiation monitoring. Interaction with Other Laboratories Remote sensing instrumentation developed by NASA (Langley) and DOD (Edgewood Arsenal) can be useful to the air pollution control program. These activities are followed closely to avoid duplication. Liaison is maintained with NOAA, AEG, and the National Bureau of Standards. The research grants made outside the Government are monitored. A-I-19 ------- PROGRAM C ODE: 1104 02 : ENVIRONMENTAL S TANDARDS -AIR -RESEARCH- MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS-STANDARDIZATION OF INSTRUMENTATION AND ANALYTICAL METHODS Objectives The objective is to provide EPA with standard manual methods, standardized instrumental methods, and calibration standards by which affected parties can determine compliance with existing air pollution control regulations and standards. Standardized measurement methods must be published along with the various air pollution standards promulgated by EPA. The Clean Air Amendments of 1970 call for the promulgation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (Section 109), standards of performance for new stationary sources (Section 111), national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (Section 112), emission standards for moving sources (Title II, Sections 202, 206, 207), and for the regulation of fuels (Section 21l). Also, measurement methods must be specified in the State Implementation Plans. Description This program standardizes the manual and instrument methods needed to qualitatively and quantitively measure air pollutants. It also develops and operates a quality control system involving use of cali- bration standards to ensure appropriate and effective utilization of these methods. Further, it involves an international program of standardizing air pollution measurements. Participation in this program has been initiated but will have to be maintained at a very low level unless additional funds are available. This program provides a compendium of standardized measurement methods for determining such things as compliance with standards, per- formance of air pollution control systems, and air quality trends; it also provides calibration standards. Most of the candidates for standardization come from the R&D program on instrumentation and analytical methods. In addition, this program reviews measurement methods recommended for the air pollution control program; where appropriate, carries out collaborative testing; solicits comments on proposed methods from advisory groups; revises, modifies, and improves methods; obtains final endorsement of advisory groups; and publishes the methods. A-I-20 ------- Relationship to Other EPA Programs Standardized methods and instrumentation for incinerator emissions may be useful to the solid waste program. Interaction with Other Laboratories This program maintains liaison with the National Bureau of Stand- ards, the Intersociety Committee, the Standardization Advisory Committee, and the international standardization groups. A-I-21 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 510101: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-PESTICIDES - ESTABLISHMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND STANDARDS- HUMAN EXPOSURE Objectives The ultimate objective of this research is to provide data neces- sary for the intelligent assessment of the hazard to human health of exposure to single pesticides, combinations of pesticides, and pesticides in combination with other environmental factors. The studies will be concerned with identification of pesticide metabolites and the effects of the parent pesticides and their metabolites on normal biological functions, including function of the primate nervous system. In addition, the teratological effects of environmental pollutants will be studied, with special emphasis on pesticides. This project will methodically test environmental pollutants, singly and in combination, then establish dose response data to allow an appropriate extrapolation of human risk. The program will develop, evaluate, and improve techniques and chemical methods for direct and indirect measurement of exposure of persons to pesti- cides under field use conditions and correlate exposure with toxic effects. This will be done in specific exposure situations such as in the home or garden, at or near pesticide applications in the field, in specific work areas of pesticide formulating plants, and in various other areas where pesticides may contaminate man and his environment. How exposure of man and contamination of his environment can be reduced will be deter- mined. Description In a typical statistically designed experiment, animals will be exposed for a prescribed period of time with the compound(s) under investigation. Excreta and blood will be collected separately and analyzed for metabolites and various endogenous materials. At the end of the treatment period the animals will be sacrificed. Excreta and tissue will be sampled for chemical and enzymatic analyses. In addition, tissues will be examined for gross pathological changes. EEG's will be recorded from anesthetized monkeys fed small, daily doses of selected pesticides. The records will be stored on magnetic tape and various computer-assisted, time series analyses will be per- formed. Operant conditioning techniques will be used to evaluate food and water drive and learning ability. Performance level on a previously learned task will permit assessment of memory-retention. A-I-22 ------- Compounds will be administered to pregnant rhesus monkeys at various doses to determine the dose response characteristics. If a compound is found to be teratogenic, another group of animals will be treated. The laboratories in Perrine, Chamblee, and Wenatchee participate in this program. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Development of the primate breeding and research capabilities offers broad opportunity throughout EPA for cooperative studies. A-I-25 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 510201: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-PESTICIDES-RESEARCH- PESTICIDE POLLUTION EFFECTS-RESIDUE TOXICOLOGY Objectives This program evaluates the acute and subacute toxicity of pesticides by different routes and. various dosage levels and combinations. The aim is to determine safe levels of exposure in laboratory animals and thus obtain data useful in ultimately establishing possible safe levels of exposure for man. The toxicity of at least six pesticides will be studied per year in laboratory animals (principally rats). This will include deter- mination of 1-dose LD^o values for pesticides by the oral and dermal routes and 90-dose oral LDjo values, as well as determination of the effect of these compounds upon reproduction when fed as a component of the diet or when given to female rats by injection. Further, the program will: o Determine the chemical changes and the factors responsible when workers come in direct contact with pesticides or with residues on foliage or other surfaces in the environment o Determine hazards of pesticide spillage during transportation and storage c Evaluate techniques and methods for determining hazard and for decontaminating surfaces. Description These studies will be concerned with the major pesticide chemicals and related compounds in current use or expected to be used in the near future. They will include study of the effect on mortality, growth rate, clinical signs of poisoning, hematology, gross and microscopic pathology of organs, and cholinesterase activity in blood and other tissues of animals treated with carbamates or organic phosphorous pesticides. In the reproduction studies, attention will be given to the effect of pesticides on fertility, gestation, viability, lactation indices, and development of abnormalities in the offspring. This program is carried out at Perrine, Chamblee, and the National Center for Toxicological Research in Pine Bluff, Ark. This Center is operated by FDA; funding is shared with EPA. ------- PROGRAM CODE: 510301: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-PESTICIDES-RESEARCH- MOVEMENT, FATE, PERSISTENCY, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA- PESTICIDE EXPOSURE HEALTH EFFECTS Objectives General objectives are to: e Determine in 14 study areas the levels of selected pesticides in human tissues, and in environmental media such as food, water, air, and soil o Study the effects of pesticides upon the health status of a group of subjects selected for the known frequent contact with these chemicals o Determine the types of pesticides to which the human popula- tion within the 14 study areas are exposed and the ecologic factors that may effect their health status o Undertake such special studies as may be necessary to provide specific information on individual chemicals or attendant problems. Description Approximately 1,500 people in occupational contact with these chem- icals are under intense surveillance to determine any illnesses or bio- chemical changes. Their health status is compared to a similar group with relatively minor exposure. This surveillance comprises an annual physical examination, determination of pesticide residues, and a bat- tery of 22 biochemical tests to determine the functioning of the vital organs. The Ik areas were selected because of heavy pesticide usage and demographic and climatic characteristics. Human tissues obtained by autopsy and biopsy from the general popu- lation will be analyzed for pesticide residues. In addition, blood and urine specimens will be analyzed for pesticide residues. Environmental samples, including ambient air, household dust, foods, water, clothing and other media, will be analyzed. As necessary, acute poisoning cases will be investigated by standard epidemiologic procedures. This study is carried out at Perrine. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Close interaction is maintained with the regulatory activities of EPA. A-I-25 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 510^02; ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS -PESTICIDES -RESEARCH- MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS -PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Objectives The objective is to develop multiresidue methods for determining the extent of human and animal exposure to persistent and biodegradable pesticides and to develop, evaluate, and apply various instrumental techniques to a program of basic and applied pesticide chemical research. Further, the program will: o Elucidate the mechanism of action of pesticides and their metabolic products c Develop a methodology and capability for isolation, detection, identification, confirmation, and quantitation of pesticide residues, metabolites, and other chemical contaminants. Description Activity in trace elemental analysis will be increased during FY 1972 to permit full time method development employing gas chromato- graphic and atomic absorption techniques. These methods will be made available primarily to community study contract projects and monitoring activities . Proton and p- magnetic resonance studies of the interaction of pesticides with biological substrates will continue. Development of a multiresidue method for determining the extent of human and animal exposure to biodegradable pesticides will be continued in FY 1972. Field testing of a new system for determining pesticide levels in air will be completed during the year. During FY 1973> additional instrumental services may be provided, including field ion spectra and positive and negative ion chemical ionization spectra. During FY 197^-1977* an electron spin resonance spectrometer will be acquired, permitting initiation of mechanistic studies of the photo- chemical behavior of pesticides and their environmental transformation products. Research in areas employing magnetic resonance techniques will continue to be applied to studies of the biochemical interaction of pesticides with biological systems. This program is carried out in Perrine. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This activity requires close coordination with research, monitoring, and enforcement activities of EPA. A-I-26 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610201: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-RADIATION-RESEARCH- RADIATION EFFECTS-HUMAN STUDIES Objectives The objective of these epidemiologic studies is to quantify the risk to man of developing various diseases following exposure to radiation and to develop a program to protect him. Description The specific risks to be evaluated in the stated populations are: o Development of neoplasms of all organ sites in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors, patients treated with ^Ij for hyper- thyroidism, and patients treated for malignant neoplasms with external radiation o Development of thyroid neoplasms in young adults who received diagnostic doses of ^Ij as children and in the young adults of Utah who were exposed to fallout from the Nevada test site o Development of lung malignancies in patients who have body burdens of thorium dioxide and are continuously exhaling thoron. Established epidemiological methods of collecting, such as question- naires, record searching, and abstracting of pertinent data, will be used to obtain original and follow-up data. These studies are carried out in Rockville. Interaction with Other Laboratories Planning for these studies has been coordinated with National Academy of Sciences, AEG, DHEW, and the Governor of Utah's Nuclear Energy Commission. A-I-27 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610202: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS -RADIATION-RESEARCH- RADIATION EFFECTS -EXPERIMENTAL RADIONUCLIDE STUDIES Objectives The objectives of this program are to determine some of the environ- mental characteristics and biological effects of a wide spectrum of important radionuclides such as tritium, krypton, plutonium, strontium, and transuranic elements that are actual or potential environmental contaminants. It is essential to have a productive, mission-oriented radionuclide research program of broad scope in order to assist EPA in setting Environ- mental Radiation Standards. Basic scientific information is needed to indicate types of effects to be expected from various levels of radio nuclides in the environment. Description Attempts to attain these objectives will be pursued primarily through definition of the dose-effect relationships of low-levels of environmental radionuclides in a variety of animal species, with long-term observation of exposed animals for radiation-induced teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and-mutagenesis. The results of this program will be a series of reports on the biological and physicochemical effects of specific environmental radio- nuclides on various stages of the ecosystem. These studies are carried out in Rockville and Montgomery. Relationship to EPA Programs The efforts of this program would require coordination with, and provide information of value to, the Office of Air Programs for krypton, tritium, plutonium, and the transuranic elements and with the Office of Water Programs for tritium, strontium, plutonium, and the transuranic elements. Additional intraoffice interfacing is with the Divisions of Surveillance and Inspection, Technology Assessment, and Criteria and Standards. Interaction with Other Laboratories Extramural relationships of this program should involve: AEG - Division of Biology and Medicine and Division of Operational Safety, NASA, National Institutes of Health, and State fish and game agencies. A-I-28 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610203: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-RADIATION-RESEARCH- RADIATION EFFECTS-EXPERIMENTAL ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION STUDIES Objectives The principal objectives of this program are to define the biological effects of exposure to electromagnetic radiation and provide the scientific bases for formulating, evaluating, and supporting the population exposure standards. The detailed objectives are to: o Determine if there are genetic effects from exposure to non- ionizing radiation e Determine and describe the effects of radiation on the central nervous system and glands controlling physiological integration c Determine the interactions between electromagnetic fields and molecular systems that could lead to genetic and central ner- vous system effects o Define the physical and biological parameters that determine energy absorption, and hence biological hazard, in the near and far field of electromagnetic radiators e Examine whether data from high dose radiation studies, ionizing and nonionizing, can be used to predict moderate or low dose effects e Determine if there are cumulative effects and if there is an irreversible component to nonionizing radiation effects o Determine whether certain subpopulations (developing fetus, aged, genetic variants) are more radiation sensitive than the normal adult. Description The laboratory effort in FY 1972 and 1973 will be to identify the interactions between electromagnetic fields and molecular systems that lead to genetic and neurophysiological effects and to investigate directly the existence of genetic and behavioral effects. Molecular level effects will be explored, initially at 2.^5 GHz in solutions of proteins, bovine serum albumin and ribonuclease, and nucleic acids, both during and after irradiation. Transient and persistent changes in conformation and in biological activity will be measured using the techniques of absorption spectroscopy, optical rotation, chromatography, gel filtration, and electrophoresis. A-I-29 ------- Genetic effects (for example, mutations, chromosome aberrations, and changes in the biological activity of DNA) resulting from irra- diation with both continuous and pulsed 2.5^- GHz microwaves will be examined with standard techniques in bacterial and mammalian systems, initially E. coli and Chinese hamsters. Behavioral and neurophysio- logical effects will be examined in small primates, dogs, and rodents at O.h and 2.^5 GHz; dependent variables will include EEG changes and changes in performance, learning, memory, and other behavioral and physiological indices. Contracts will be used to establish an infor- mation clearing house to identify current work in progress and problem areas, to extend the frequency capability of the laboratory to 5-5 and 10 GHz in a study of low level irradiation on physiological proc- esses, and to provide for theoretical investigations and calculations of initial energy deposition. Grants will be used to fund basic and applied studies which complement and supplement intramural research activities. This work is being carried out at Rockville and Montgomery. Interaction with Other Laboratories Coordination with other interested agencies is being developed, particularly with DHEW and various laboratories of DOD such as the School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, Tex.; Walter Reed Institute of Research, Washington, B.C., and Naval Aerospace Medical Center, Pensacola, Pla. A-I-30 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 61020^: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-RADIATION-RESEARCH- RADIATION EFFECTS-MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS STUDIES Objectives The objective of multiple environmental stress studies is to investigate possible synergistic or additive effects of environmental agents on the effects of radiation. These environmental agents, including viruses, metals such as methyl mercury and cadmium, chem- icals such as DDT and NTA, and various physical agents, were chosen according to their occurrences in man and his environment and the likelihood of their interacting with radiation effects. Description Within the multiple environmental stress studies program, projects have been developed to investigate: o The role of viruses in radiation-caused tumors using tissue culture techniques with mammalian (when appropriate, human) cells and simian or human viruses. Screening for tumor viruses in cats is done with the electron microscope e Effects of environmental agents, such as methyl mercury, cadmium, lead, DDT, NTA, and elevated temperature on radiation responses of hamsters and rats, including tumor- igenesis, teratogenesis, genetic changes, life shortening, and other physiological changes. An aquatic animal (salamander) will be used in similar preliminary studies e Effect of these environmental agents on the metabolism of selected radionuclides--tritium, for example. These studies are carried out in Rockville. Relationship to Other EPA Programs; This activity requires close coordination with other research activities of EPA. A-I-51 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610301: ENVIROIMENTAL STANDARDS-RADIATION-RESEARCH- Em/IROKMENTAL INTERACTIONS-RADIATION PATHWAY STUDIES Objectives This program will investigate, through field and laboratory re- search, the behavior, movement, and fate of radionuclides in the aquatic, terrestrial, and air environments for the purpose of assessing the radiation dose to man. Description Laboratory studies will investigate pathways by which radionuclides such as ^"PU, 55pe^ 129i, -^Zn, and tritium move through the environ- ment to man. These investigations will deal primarily with metabolic studies concerned with uptake of select radionuclides by specific en- vironmental media, particularly living organisms. Field studies will also be conducted at selected sites such as at environmental nuclear power stations operating at full power. Boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors will be of primary concern for investigating the types, amounts, and environmental movement of radioactive material discharges. • This research will be done in Rockville. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Since the program on radiation pathway studies deals primarily with behavior of radioactive materials in the aquatic, terrestrial, and air environments, coordination with the Office of Air and Water Pro- grams will be required where radiation exposure to man is of concern. Coordination will be needed not only among the various programs within the Division of Research, such as between the laboratory and field aspects of radiation ecology, but also between the Division of Research and other Divisions within the Office of Radiation Programs. Coordination with the Division of Criteria and Standards will assist in identifying problem areas in which research is required and will also permit appropriate research data to be used in defining standards. The Division of Technology Assessment may likewise require research assistance in its assessment of specific reactor operations, such as field meas- urements on the performance of control equipment used in a reactor facility. Research developments useful in monitoring the environment more efficiently may be effectively used by the Division of Surveillance and Inspection. A-I-32 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories Coordination may also be required with State agencies concerned with environmental radiation matters, as well as with Federal and private organizations. Currently, coordination has been identified with the following: e DHEW (PHS hospitals), for samples of human tissue to be used in determining isotope effect of tritium c USDA (Forest Service) and Department of the Interior (Bureau of Land Management), for guidance in conducting soil plant uptake studies to assess concentration of radionuclides in plants o AEG, for assistance and coordination of field studies con- ducted at AEC nuclear power installations and other related facilities such as fuel reprocessing plants o State and Federal fish and game agencies, for any coordination required in conducting uptake studies involving aquatic and terrestrial wildlife e Baylor College of Medicine, for follow-up studies on excretion of tritium by patients who received tritiated compounds in support laboratory studies on the behavior of tritium in humans. A-I-33 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 61C401: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-RADIATION-RESEARCH- MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS-RADIOCHEMICAL METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS Objectives The program objectives include assessment of available methods, and development of new ones, for radionuclide determination from all possible types of samples. The radionuclides under investigation will include those expected from reactor effluents and other possible sources of pollutants. Description The program will be conducted as three separate phases: methodology for actinide analysis, improvement of tritium measuring methods, and evaluation of methodology for other radionuclides. Actinide methodology development will include liquid ion-exchange separation and alpha spectrometric analysis. Tritium measurement sensitivity will be improved by electrolytic enrichment of tritium in low-level samples. Radiochemical methods for other radionuclides where available will be tested and modified if necessary. New procedures will be tried in order to improve accuracy, yield, and sensitivity where considered necessary. Work is being performed at Montgomery. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This project is conducted in concert with WERL and the Nuclear Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio. ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610^02; ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS -RADIATION -RESEARCH- MONITORING AM) ANALYTICAL METHODS-ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS Objectives Priority objectives of this program are to: o Develop laboratory exposure-calibration facilities for the electromagnetic spectrum bands of 1-10 MHz, 100-^00 MHz, and 1-10 GHz, as well as a field measurement system for these same frequencies o Determine theoretical estimates of population exposure from electromagnetic radiation sources based on available data e Develop and evaluate the use of liquid crystals, micro- thermocouples, and infrared emission sensors as a means of determining absorbed dose from electromagnetic field exposures in phantoms, that is, the eye and the skull o Provide nuclear instrumentation such as the development and evaluation of the suitability of thermoluminescent dosimetry for environmental radiation surveillance e Determine theoretical solution of plane wave interaction with a finite slab geometry for various complex permittivities and thermal properties c Begin development of an electric field probe for direct measurement of field strength in the phantom system c Provide electronics system support for the other program elements. Description Engineering-physics techniques will be applied in the area of electromagnetic radiation measurement. The range of project activity will encompass areas of applied dosimetry, theory, calibration, and facility support. Specifically, methods will be developed and evaluated from fundamental bases, keeping in mind the theoretical limitations and the engineering approximations involved. Estimates of uncertainty will be established. This research will be carried out at Rockville and Montgomery. A-I-35 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories Liaison is maintained with DHEW on exposure measures. Estimates of population exposure will be coordinated with the Human Studies Branch, Division of Technical Assessment in Montgomery, and the Radio- logical Engineering Laboratory of the Division of Research. A-I-J6 ------- SUMMARY OF RESOURCES The following table summarizes the projected resources (man-years and dollars) for programs at the RTP National Environmental Research Center. This is the base program; pending legislation, such as the Water Pollution Control and Abatement Act now before Congress, should have little immediate effect on the programs at Research Triangle Park, and thus only one summary table is presented. A-I-57 ------- TABLE A-l LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING NERC, RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. Program Code - Facility 110101 - 110102 - 110103 - 110104 - 110201 - 110203 - 110202 - 110301 - 110302 - 110303 - 110401 - 110402 - 510101 510201 510201 - 510301 - 510402 - 610201 - 610202 - 610202 - 610203 - 610203 - 610204 - 610301 - RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF RTF Perrine, Fla. Chamblee, Ga. Wenatchee, Wash. Perrine, Fla.l Chamblee, Ga.i Pine Bluff, Ark. Perrine, Fla. Perrine, Fla. Rockville, Md. Rockville, Md. Montgomery, Ala. Rockville, Md. Montgomery, Ala. Rockville, Md. Rockville, Md. FY72 $1000 923 1113 0 56.5 1852 3421 1003 3292 3206 535 5399.5 1394 1082 959.6 4000 142.6 180.7 360 598 856 328.9 328.9 134.3 177.6 M/Y 13 13 0 1 41 73 26 12 20 1 61 11 43 13 0 8 9 13 18 3 11 11 5 8 FY73 $1000 898 907 4230 78.5 19,000 7,300 1395.8 2780 2694.9 533.4 4084 1211.3 5850 1000 4000 4200 180.7 1860 606.4 91.7 2708.3 243.3 172 M/Y 13 8 1 2 54 95 26 11 20 1 51 11 48 14 0 13 9 18 19 3 27 11 8 FY74 $1000 1449 1453 6520 86 19,950 7,665 2698 3390 3047 560 6054 2331 6143 1050 4000 4410 394 1953 636.9 93.5 2846.5 191.9 189 M/Y 21 16 10 2 67 117 38 18 33 2 76 17 53 15 0 18 15 23 20 4 34 7 8 FY75 $1000 2000 2000 2500 95 20,948 8,048 4000 4000 3400 588 8000 3425 6450 1103 4000 4631 608 2051 668.4 96.6 2990.4 200.5 208 M/Y 28 23 18 2 80 139 50 25 47 2 100 22 58 16 0 23 21 28 21 5 41 8 9 FY76 $1000 2300 2000 2500 104 22,000 8,446 4JDOO 4000 3900 617 8000 3575 6772 1158 4000 4862 682 2153 701.8 101.4 3139.6 210.5 229 M/Y 32 23 18 2 93 161 50 25 49 2 100 23 63 17 0 28 21 33 22 6 48 9 9 FY77 $1000 2600 2000 2500 115 23,095 8,873 4000 4000 4500 648 8000 3725 7111 1216 4000 5105 686 2261 737.1 106.0 3397 221.1 252 M/Y 36 23 18 2 105 183 50 25 50 2 100 24 69 20 0 34 21 38 23 7 55 10 10 H V>l 00 ------- TABLE A-l (continued) Program Code - Facility 610401 - Montgomery, Ala. 610402 - Rockville, Md. 972302 - RTF 9723Jl-Perrine, Fla. 972361 - Montgomery, Ala. £ Noise - RTF ? Solid Wastes - RTF Toxic Substances - RTF FY72 $1000 160.8 302.4 300. 342 390 — — M/Y 9 10 14 14 26 FY73 $1000 249.9 301.5 375 359 410 4000 3500 10,000 M/Y 14 10 15 14 26 9 9 28 FY74 $1000 275 326 510 377 430 4200 3675 10,500 M/Y 15 11 17 14 26 18 18 56 FY75 $1000 302 352 570 396 451 4410 3859 11,025 M/Y 15 12 19 14 26 27 27 84 FY76 $1000 333 370 630 416 474 4631 4052 11,576 M/Y 16 12 21 14 26 36 36 112 FY77 $1000 366 388 690 436 498 4862 4254 12,155 M/Y 17 13 23 14 26 48 48 144 H VO a RTF = Research Triangle Park, N.C. " Program Element to be assigned. ------- SECTION II: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER CINCINNATI, OHIO The National Environmental Research Center (NERC), Cincinnati, Ohio, conducts research and seeks solutions to a broad spectrum of environmental problems of air pollution, water pollution, solid waste management, radi- ation and nuclear engineering, and environmental toxicology. The major theme of the Center is development of pollution control processes and total systems. It conducts its programs through in-house research, extramural programs, and interagency efforts. The program is executed by the Office of the Director and five line divisions: o Environmental Toxicology Research Division, which conducts research on health effects of air pollution c Robert A. Taft Water Research Division, which develops water pollution control processes for municipalities, for industrial problems such as mine drainage, and develops analytical methods for water quality data o Edison, N.J., Water Quality Research Division, which develops solutions to water pollution problems such as oil and hazardous spills, industrial waste, combined sewer waste, and watercraft waste c Solid Waste Research Division, which conducts research on the multi-faceted problems of solid waste management. Research ranges from collection through processing to final disposal; emphasis is on resource recovery systems c Radiochemistry and Nuclear Engineering Division, which serves as a focal point for research concerning aspects of nuclear power facilities in commercial operation. Figure A-l shows the interim organization of NERC-Cincinnati. A-II-1 ------- EWIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH DIVISION The function of this division is to detect and define harmful effects of environmental pollutants in biological systems; namely in animals and microorganisms in order to provide expert intelligence and data necessary for criteria which serve for establishment of new standards or modification of existing standards. The development of meaningful health and welfare effect parameters requires the integration of input from various scientific approaches involving a number of disciplines. The primary responsibilities of the toxicology program are to assess the potential health hazard of substances entering the ecosystem, to develop accurate methods of pre- dicting the potential toxicity of these substances for man and animals, and to elucidate mechanisms for extrapolation of experimental animal data to human health and welfare effects. In addition to the toxicologic studies related directly to human health effects, investigations of effects of pollution in energy-producing animals are conducted by studies of transport of pollutants resulting in contamination of terrestrial and aquatic food chains. The laboratory accomplishes its mission through in-house activities in close cooperation with the water, solid waste, and radiation surveillance programs at NERC, Cincinnati; through contracts with public and private organizations, research grants, international programs, and interagency agreements. A-II-2 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 110203: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - AIR - RESEARCH - AIR POLLUTION EFFECTS - BIO-MEDICAL SUPPORT Objective The toxicology program is conducted to: e Identify the acute and subacute effects on critical organ systems qualitatively and quantitatively e Examine pollutants of such character or concentrations which are unsuitable for human studies due to ethical and medico- legal limitations o Provide in vitro and in vivo manipulative approaches to develop techniques for subsequent application to clinical and epidemio- logical investigations o Study carefully selected chronic exposure conditions for identi- fying potential carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. Description The research program is structured on a basis of fully integrated professional disciplines and competency; functionally, research investi- gations are planned and undertaken on the basis of pollutant sources, specificity, chemical and biologic utilization, and host response. The inhalation route of exposure is of primary interest; however, comparison of toxicologic effects following the ingestion of polluted water and diet are also under way. Functionally, the total program consists of 21 indi- vidual studies (tasks) which were combined into five well defined projects: c Toxicological Assessment of Mobile Emissions (TAME). This project has been designed to provide data on potentially toxic effects of marketed automobile fuels, fuel additives, and diesel fuels, as well as on emissions from other mobile sources. The goals are to determine compliance with standards applicable to 1975 and 1976, and to provide data for the fuel and fuel additives registration program o Toxicological Assessment of Stationary Sources (TASS). This project investigates pollutants from stationary sources, such as cadmium, mercury, and other heavy metals. Of particular interest are substances in the environment which are under con- sideration for standard setting A-II-3 ------- o Toxicological Evaluation of Potentially Hazardous Substances. Of particular interest are the classes of pollutants which have been determined to have the highest priority for control. As a part of this program, a standardized toxicologic protocol is being developed e Toxicological Evaluation of Environmental Interactions. A wide variety of factors—such as age, sex, physiological state, infectious and chronic diseases, humidity, and temperature-- interact with environmental pollutants in a synergistic or antagonistic manner to produce biological effects. There is a need to investigate the multiple causes of biological effects in the various arrays found in the environment o Support Services for Environmental Technology. The necessary support capabilities include: bioengineering and exposure system engineering, laboratory animal care and management, aerometry and analytical chemistry, and data processing and biostatistics. These service functions provide vital support to the on-going program. The biological effects investigations emphasize development of an animal model system for optimal determination of the effects of environ- mental pollutants on reproductive efficiency, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and aging. Distribution of the toxic material through- out the tissues, biotransformation of the material, and metabolic and excretion routes are determined when appropriate. A standardized animal model, particularly the three-generation rodent system, serves as the primary method for routine toxicologic screening of potentially toxic substances; it provides necessary data for the primary and secondary standard setting process. The program proposes to pool the professional resources necessary to conduct standard toxicology screening protocols at three levels of biological complexity and relevance: e Cellular and subcellular level for rapid production and evalu- ation of toxicity, as well as detailed exploration of mechanisms of action e Intact animal level for studies relating to specific organ toxicity e Toxicologic evaluation in several animal species, which provides data relevant to health effects in normal and susceptible popula- tions. The data obtained in this manner will also be applicable t< evaluation of economic effects due to production losses in energy- producing animals and to ecological effects due to transport of hazardous substances from species to species. ------- Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major cooperation and interaction are exercised with the following: o The other four divisions of NERC, Cincinnati, to provide the necessary toxicological support o All other EPA in-house or contract laboratories conducting technological research, such as Perrine Primate Laboratory and the National Toxicological Center in Pine Bluff, Ark. o Research Programs in the other NERC's and the Office of Categorical Programs to coordinate all pollution effect studies. Interaction with Other Laboratories It is necessary to maintain close liaison, particularly with FDA, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, AEC, DOD, and USDA, as well as various environmental health and welfare programs in universities and private industry. These activities must be closely followed and continuous scientific contact maintained to avoid dupli- cation of research and to promote combined effort in controlling all toxic substances in the environment. A-II-5 ------- ROBERT A. TAFT WATER RESEARCH DIVISION The Robert A. Taft Water Research Division is composed of the Office of the Director, and three line organizations (the Advanced Waste Treat- ment Research Laboratory, Analytical Quality Control Laboratory, and Mine Drainage Pollution Control Branch). The Division, in concert with the Director, NERC, and Headquarters' staff, plans, develops, and organizes an integrated approach to accom- plish national goals. The Division: o Supervises development of specific plans and schedules e Provides policy and guidance on budget development o Exercises control of funds made available to the Division o Provides advice to Director, NERC, on program progress e Serves as liaison with other NERC and Headquarters programs. A-II-6 ------- Advanced Waste Treatment Research Laboratory The Advanced Waste Treatment Research Laboratory conducts a national research, development, and demonstration program directed toward upgrad- ing waste-water treatment technology required by municipalities and others for removal of the maximum possible amounts of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants. New and improved treatment methods are required for the purpose of restoring and maintaining the Nation's waters at a quality suitable for repeated reuse. Intramural research and development is carried out in the laboratory, at field sites, and pilot plant facili- ties to develop and verify new and improved treatment processes and means for nonpollutional disposal of waste concentrates separated during treat- ment. The laboratory also implements extramural projects utilizing contracts, grants, and interagency agreements in order to develop and demonstrate new or improved treatment processes, sludge handling, condi- tioning, and disposal. Data and information required to define the problems and research needs in wastewater treatment are developed and compiled by the laboratory, and techniques and instruments utilized to control, program, and stabilize treatment operations are tested. A sub- stantial amount of technical assistance is provided to other elements of EPA, other Federal agencies, States, municipalities, industries, and consultants. This program has furnished consultation to the British, German, and'French governments in connection with an advanced waste treatment project sponsored under the NATO Committee on Challenges to Modern Society. Consultation on wastewater treatment has been provided to the government of Romania. A joint meeting of U.S. and Japanese officials on wastewater treatment headed by staff from this program was held in Japan. Fjcpert committee service and report writing on wastewater reuse was provided to the World Health Organization. A-II-7 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 320101: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - SEWERED WASTES Objectives The objective is to provide needed technology to meet current and projected stringent water quality standards by providing the most effective and economical treatment and control methods for sewered and nonsewered wastes. This will maximize the benefits of the Nation's huge current and planned investment in sewered collection systems and treatment facilities. Description The Laboratory accomplishes these objectives through its applied research on various pollutants and treatment or control processes and techniques, operation of pilot plant treatment systems and full scale demonstration projects, providing laboratory and other technical services (consultation and technology-transfer to organizations external to the Division), developing state-of-the-art documents, design criteria, and capital and operating cost estimates, and implementing program plans through grants and contracts. Some new or improved treatment process alternatives are developed through the more fundamental research and development activities of Pro- gram 328100. Those which are applicable to municipal waste problems are further developed and demonstrated to meet existing water quality stand- ards. Process design modifications to reduce capital and operating cost, to improve performance and reliability, or to permit adaptation to exist- ing municipal pollution control facilities are evaluated. One example is the use of pure oxygen to upgrade existing overloaded secondary treatment plants with a minimum capital expenditure. Another is nitrification- denitrification and mineral addition to existing secondary facilities to permit high efficiency removal of nutrients. In addition, alternative treatment systems or combinations of proc- esses to meet specific discharge requirements (such as the stringent standards on the Potomac River) are evaluated to find the least cost solution. An example is the use of physical-chemical treatment in lieu of biological treatment. To date, some 1? cities are in various stages of building physical-chemical systems which offer the advantages of reduced capital costs and land requirements. Field evaluations of process systems are also conducted to demon- strate applicability under varying climates, conditions, and raw waste- water characteristics. For example, ammonia stripping, an inexpensive method of nitrogen removal, cannot be used in areas where the air temper- ature approaches the freezing temperature of water. Preliminary data point up the potential problem of settling the sludge produced with pure A-II-8 ------- oxygen aeration, an otherwise very economical unit process. More evalu- ation on the problem is needed this winter. Also, methods of providing in-sewer treatment to prevent sulfide production and subsequent sewer corrosion are "being evaluated. Sulfide corrosion of concrete sewers can reduce the useful life of collection systems from 50 years to 5 years, thereby significantly increasing the replacement frequency and cost. Treatment system evaluations are conducted at pilot plant facilities such as Blue Plains, Washington, B.C., Pomona, Calif., and Lebanon, Ohio, and through the demonstration grant program. Activities will diminish in this area in future years as the major investment in municipal treatment facilities is completed. Expanding activity will be required in the area of combined sewers and urban run- off and nonsewered wastes. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The major interaction of this program has been with the Office of Water Programs, construction grants, and technology transfer. Consider- ation of solid waste and air pollution problems associated with waste- water treatment is routine in this program. As EPA develops, the solid waste, air, and water hygiene programs will be expanded and more clearly defined. The municipal technology program is intended to serve as a basis for, or be a part of, demonstrations of model environmental improve- ment activities in selected metropolitan areas, or on a regional or river basin basis. Interaction with Other Laboratories Technical information crosses all laboratory, professional, and geo- graphical boundaries. Worldwide communications are maintained with other laboratories working in fields of mutual interest through technical publi- cations, staff exchanges of experiences, and organized meetings. A-II-9 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION ADVANCED WASTE TREATMENT AND WATER RENOVATION Objectives The objectives are to provide the basic technology to achieve any desired degree of treatment of point sources of pollution and to develop and demonstrate, in an effective and economical manner, process tech- nology capable of treating municipal, industrial, and agricultural waste waters to meet any standards for discharge or reuse. To achieve higher water quality and reuse applications, new or improved methods must be made available in: o Dissolved nutrient removal o Refractory organics removal o Suspended and colloidal solids removal o Dissolved inorganics removal e Dissolved biodegradable organics removal e Microorganism removal o Water reuse process systems o Sludge treatment and disposal methods o Process optimization techniques o Process instrumentation and automation technology. Description The program comprises basic process research, development, and demon- stration activities and covers all needs for treatment, control, and reuse of wastewaters. Both in-house efforts and extramural grants and contracts are used to achieve program objectives. Much of the overall effort is directed toward development of completely new advanced waste treatment processes for removing those pollutants required to meet water quality standards and reuse requirements independent of sources. The techniques of nitrification-denitrification and chemical precipi- tation, developed to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal waste- waters, are now being applied to remove these nutrients from poultry wastes. A-II-10 ------- Research and development is also conducted on methods to improve or upgrade existing treatment processes. Process optimization studies and process instrumentation development to reduce costs and improve perform- ance are an important function of the program. For example, application of a phosphorus sensor to control chemical dosing can reduce chemical costs by $UO,000 per year in a 10 million-gallon-per-day facility. Since some of the technology is not available and the existing technology is far from optimum, intensive efforts are concentrated on developing methods which are cost effective. Where appropriate, pilot plants and field sites are used to maintain in-house capability for research and development on new treatment proc- esses. Other EPA elements may call on these pilot facilities or may assign program task forces to conduct work in special problem areas. These facilities may also be used for researching industrial waste prob- lems and as training facilities for operators of advanced waste treatment plants. Present pilot plants sites include Cincinnati and Lebanon, Ohio, Blue Plains, Washington, D.C., Pomona, Calif., and Piscataway, Md. The Cincinnati and Blue Plains pilot plants evaluate a variety of physical- chemical treatment and biological systems. Process optimization experi- ments and demonstrations are now being and will be expanded in subsequent work. It is anticipated that the program emphasis will shift to water quality and reuse applications as problems in treatment technology are solved. Also, the same personnel will be phased into industrial treat- ment problem areas on an industry by industry basis. This action will preserve the technical core of personnel in advanced water treatment and provide continuing solutions to industrial problems without the require- ment for new in-house lab facilities. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interaction of this program is with solid waste research and water quality research. Economical operation may be achieved by the combined handling and treatment of solid wastes (concentrated pollutants) resulting from wastewater treatment facilities and by such solid wastes as trash and rubbish. Waste treatment processes are intimately connected to research being conducted on water quality requirements. "Treatability," as a part of determining environmental safety required under the pending Toxic Substances Act, can be conducted efficiently at these facilities. Work on nitrilotriacetate, heavy metals, and linear alkylate sulfonate treatability has been conducted in cooperation with water quality research programs. Continuous liaison with other NERC's, particularly Corvallis, is required to ensure that developments in municipal wastewater treatment area can be translated and evaluated for use in other pertinent areas. For example, new treatment techniques must be evaluated for possible application in cold climates. A-II-11 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories Liaison with other organizations includes the AEG, Department of Housing and Urban Development, TVA, Public Health Service, Department of the Interior, Department of Transportation, Federal Power Commission, National Science Foundation, and Department of Commerce. A-II-12 ------- Analytical Quality Control Laboratory The Analytical Quality Control Laboratory conducts a program to assure the validity of physical, chemical, microbiological, and biologi- cal water quality data collected by EPA. The lab conducts analytical methods research, provides leadership in the selection of laboratory and field procedures, develops and evaluates automatic water quality monitor- ing instrumentation, conducts a reference sample program for methods and performance evaluation, and advises other laboratories in the development of internal quality control programs. A-II-13 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310^00: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS (SPECIFICALLY 310^01 AND 310^02) Objectives The objectives are to: o Develop laboratory and field methods for detection, identifica- tion, and measurement of water pollutants, including methods for determination of effects of these substances on water quality e Develop improved methods for identifying, concentrating, recov- ering, and controlling viruses, rickettsia, and other organisms in a water environment o Conduct a program leading to the standardization of methodology within EPA and cooperating agencies e Develop systems for ensuring the reliability of all analytical data generated by or for EPA c Prepare, publish, and distribute manuals, guidelines, and other documents to accomplish these objectives. Description The Laboratory's method and performance evaluation section conducts all intralaboratory method studies to evaluate selected analytical pro- cedures and for operating a reference sample program for EPA, State, and industry laboratories. The microbiological methods section concentrates on development and improvement of methodology for microbiological analyses and conducts a continuing search for new and improved pollution indicators and tech- niques for the detection and enumeration of currently used indicator organisms and pathogens. Further development of this technique in other product areas will also be investigated. The physical and chemical methods section selects and develops ana- lytical procedures for characterization and evaluation of samples of surface waters, sewages, industrial wastes, and brines. Methods are developed in the areas of general analyses, trace metals, oil identifi- cation, pesticide identification, and specialized organic pollutants characterization. The instrumentation development section is responsible for the design and development of instrumentation systems for continuous water quality ------- monitoring, including research on new sensors, telemetry systems, and central data handling facilities. The biological methods section develops laboratory and field pro- cedures for collection, identification, and determination of the significance of aquatic organisms in surface waters. In addition, a program is being conducted to evaluate the effective- ness of different filtration systems for detecting small quantities of viruses in large volumes of water. This enumeration technology is neces- sary to determine the acceptability of water and renovated wastewater supplies for domestic use. The degree of removal of viruses, bacteria, and other pathogenic organisms by wastewater treatment processes is being studied in parallel with process development pilot plant studies. The kinetics of virus inactivation in wastewaters by iodine, ozone, and chlorine are also being studied. This work is being carried out by the Advanced Waste Treatment Research Laboratory. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program responds to analytical requirements of EPA's Office of Water Programs. There is also coordination with other programs (such as air, pesticides, and solid wastes) involving program management and oper- ations, as well as analytical methods common to the programs. Interaction with Other Laboratories Methods are distributed to all interested State and municipal labora- tories. There is frequent interchange of analytical needs and proposed methodology with other laboratory personnel. A newsletter is distributed to State, municipal, and industrial laboratories as a means of promul- gating EPA methods and procedures. Other coordination involves support to other agencies developing or publishing standard methods. National and international virology activities are coordinated by the program staff through an annual conference. A-II-15 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories Results of this program are used "by several State and interstate agencies in their mine drainage abatement programs and in formulation of laws. Informal cooperation with other Federal agencies such as the Department of Interior and USDA promotes technology transfer. A formal agreement with the Office of Saline Water relates to the location of a reverse osmosis unit for test work in mine drainage'. A-II-18 ------- EDISON, N.J., LABORATORY DIVISION Present research activities at the Edison Laboratory are primarily directed at national programs dealing with water pollution problems. However, the functional nature of all programs assigned to this Division requires a comprehensive examination of the total environmental threat. This Division presently serves as the focal point for national research and monitoring activities for the five programs outlined on the following pages. Responsibilities include conceiving, developing, and implementing novel and advance concepts which can provide significant technical and operational impact to the individual programs. Other re- quirements include developing new procedures for data measurement and evaluation; initiating unique concepts involving various combinations of known and unknown control, treatment, prevention, and restoration methods, which might vary due to geographical location; application of cost analysis for control, prevention, restoration, and cleanup measures; and cor- relation of. EPA demonstration and research programs with other efforts in and outside the Government. Research and monitoring laboratory facilities at Edison are inte- grated and shared with Region II's Surveillance and Analysis Division. This eliminates duplication of scientific and field equipment and fosters efficient use of multidiscipline scientific teams. The Division accomplishes its mission through in-house activites, contracts with public, private, and industrial organizations, research grants to universities, and interagency agreements. A-II-19 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 320100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION (SPECIFICALLY 320102, 320103, AND 3201014-) Objectives The objective is to develop technology for the management, treatment, and control of pollution generated by wet-weather conditions. Description Based on escalating costs of pollution abatement, it has been demon- strated that alternatives to combined sewer separation should be considered. This program is involved in research, development and demonstration of such alternate means of controlling pollution generated by wet-weather conditions. The approach is to refine an overall philosophy and develop new or improved methods which encompass various control and treatment' techniques. The concept of peak load storage facilities to alleviate major impact in established sewer systems will be investigated. The total systems approach, integrating the dry- and wet-weather flows, including an urban intelligence network for control, is of prime consideration. Special attention is given to reclamation and reuse of storm waters for recrea- tional purposes, water supply, and esthetic enhancement. In every case, the environmental impact in the surroundings is fully weighed. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interactions of this program are with the Technology Division, Office of Research and Monitoring, and NERC, Cincinnati. Specific coordi- nation at Cincinnati is with the Advanced Waste Research Treatment Labora- tory and the Analytical Quality Control Laboratory. Interaction with Other Laboratories Many State water pollution control agencies now recognize in their design standards the need for providing facilities for treating storm and combined sewer overflows. The necessary technical input to these States' standards is being provided by EPA, since no other Government agency is active in this area. A-II-20 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 321100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION (SPECIFICALLY, 321101 AND 321102) Objectives The program is to develop technology for prevention, treatment, and recovery of wastes from the metal production, finishing, and plating industry and the chemical manufacturing industries. Description This program is to develop and demonstrate new and improved tech- nology for the prevention, treatment, recovery, and reuse of industrial wastes. In all cases, the total environmental impact is considered to ensure that air and solid waste problems are not created. The program has made, and probably will continue to make, wide use of grants, supplemented on occasion by contracts and on-site industrial participation. The intent is to develop an industrially oriented cadre of personnel who will be capable of moving from industry to industry as specific problem areas are corrected. This attack permits maximum util- ization of human resources without major investment in specialized facilities. The metal and metal products program includes the ferrous and non- ferrous industries, both very large water users, as well as metal finishing operations. These industries discharge large amounts of spent acids, particulate matter, oil, and a variety of toxic substances such as heavy metals, cyanide, phenols, and fluoride. The machinery and transportation equipment facilities discharge substantial quantities of suspended solids, oil, organic solvents, and heavy metals. The chemicals and allied products program comprises both the broad subclasses of organic and inorganic chemicals manufacturing. These industries produce a wide variety of wastes which may be extremely complex and resistant to/conventional treatment. In addition to large volumes of relatively clean cooling water, significant quan- tities of process wastes high in contaminant loads are produced. Organic chemical manufacturing produces wastewaters high in biochemical oxygen demand, refractory organics, oils, color, odor, and taste. The wastes from inorganic chemical processes are particularly high in suspended and dissolved solids. The ultimate goal in approaching new technology is closed-loop con- trol as accomplished by techniques such as recycling, wastewater reuse after internal treatment, and chemical and by-product recovery. Strong emphasis is also placed on in-plant control technology for abating as much of the waste problem as possible at the source. A-II-21 ------- Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interactions of this program are with the Technology Division, Office of Research and Monitoring, and WERC, Cincinnati. Specific coordi- nation at Cincinnati is with the Advanced Waste Research Treatment Labora- tory and the Analytical Quality Control Laboratory. Because of the toxic nature of wastes discharged by industries in this program, a great deal of coordination exists between the biological and chemical programs at NERC, Corvallis. In addition, special attention is paid to the programs accomplished at EPA's laboratory in Grosse lie, Mich., which shares a portion of the program assigned to Edison. This program eventually calls for complete recycling of wastes rather than the discharge of toxic and heavy metals. In light of the requirements of the 1899 Refuse Act, there is an urgent need to implement the recom- mendations of this program. Interaction with Other Laboratories A great deal of interaction is maintained with industry and non- profit research groups such as Franklin Institute and Battelle. A-II-22 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 322101: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - TRANSPORTATION SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - WATERCRAFT WASTES Objectives The objective of this program is development of technology for pre- vention, treatment, and monitoring of wastes from watercraft. Description This program serves"as EPA's national center for research activities on controlling pollution caused by wastes from watercraft. It is respon- sible for creating and implementing a program to develop and demonstrate treatment and control devices that can handle sanitary wastes, oils, lit- ter, bilge water, ballast water, wash waters, and chemicals from various classes of watercraft. Handling of these wastes must meet Federal stand- ards as they become effective. In-house efforts are aimed at developing new treatment techniques and systems, as well as establishing standard tests by which off-the- shelf systems can be evaluated. In addition to grant and contract monitoring, in-house efforts are aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of treatment devices now available or to be developed through program research efforts. These programs provide the expertise required to develop procedures and guidelines for operational certification and sug- gest improved innovative approaches to the handling of wastes from water- craft. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interactions of this program are with the Surveillance and Analysis Division of Region II; Office of Oil & Hazardous Materials, Office of Water Programs; NERC, Cincinnati; and Technology Division, ORM. The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, Section 13, requires EPA to promulgate Federal standards of performance for marine sanitation devices, which shall be designed to prevent the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated sewage into or upon the navigable waters of the United States from new vessels and existing vessels, except vessels not equipped with installed toilet facilities. Interaction with Other Laboratories The Oil and Hazardous Substances Control Research and Development Committee of the National Response Team closely follows activities of Maritime Administration (MarAd), Army Corps of Engineers, Coast Guard, and Navy to avoid duplication of effort. A-II-23 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 326101: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS Objectives This program is to develop technology for prevention, detection, monitoring, containment, treatment, and recovery of hazardous polluting chemicals spilled into the water environment. Description This program is responsible for initiation, planning, execution, and management .of research programs relating to prevention, detection, control and treatment of spills of hazardous polluting substances in watercourses. These programs also include studies on fate and effects of spilled haz- ardous materials, ultimate disposal of recovered materials, and redevelop- ment and restoration of damaged water ecosystems. Although emphasis is placed on water pollution, the functional nature of the programs is to examine comprehensively the total environmental threat. Recognizing that control of a spilled hazardous material in one medium often shifts pollution to another medium (in a different chemical form), all sources of environmental exposure are considered. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interactions of this program activity are with the Surveillance and Analysis Division of Region II; Office of Oil & Hazardous Materials, Office of Water Programs; NERC, Cincinnati; and Technology Division, OEM. The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, Section 12, specifically directs EPA to designate as hazardous substances, other than oil as defined in Section 11 of the Act, such elements and compounds, which, when discharged in any quantity into or upon the navigable waters of the United States or adjoining shorelines, or the waters of the contiguous zone, present an imminent and substantial danger to the public health or welfare, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish, wildlife, shore- lines, and beaches; and establish, if appropriate, recommended methods and means for the removal of such substances. In light of these requirements, program needs and positions have been assigned in such a manner as to provide answers as rapidly as pos- sible. Interaction with Other Laboratories The Oil and Hazardous Substances Control Research and Development Committee of the TTational Response Team closely follows activities of MarAd, Army Corps of Engineers, Coast Guard, and Navy to avoid duplication of effort. A-II-2^ ------- PROGRAM CODE: 326102: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION OIL SPILLS Objectives The objective of this program is development of technology for pre- vention, detection, monitoring, containment, treatment, recovery, fate, and effect of petroleum products spilled into the water environment. Description The program is responsible for initiation, planning, execution, and management of research programs relating to prevention, detection, control, treatment, and cleanup of spills of crude and refined oil products. Par- ticular emphasis is given to spill problems in estuarine areas, fast- moving rivers, and shorelines. In addition, solutions to problems asso- ciated with generating, handling, treating, disposing, and recycling of waste oils are being developed. Program encompasses in-depth investigations on the fate, effect, and persistence of oil, or its fractions in water, sediments, biological communities, and the food web. Also included is the development of legally defensible oil identification techniques—both passive and active proce- dures. Remote sensing and continuous monitoring from aircraft, as well as fixed installations, are part of this program. Other major responsibilities involve development of standard perform- ance tests by which hardware used for containment, prevention, control, or cleanup of spills can be evaluated. To accomplish these needs, an oil and hazardous materials environmental test basin is being constructed, with anticipated start-up by FY 197^-• Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interactions of this program are with the Surveillance and Analysis Division of Region II; Office of Oil & Hazardous Materials, Office of Water Programs; NERC, Cincinnati; and the Technology Division, ORM. The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, Section 11, specifically directs that the following be developed: "procedures and techniques to be employed in identifying, containing, dispersing and removing oil; a schedule, prepared in cooperation with the States, identifying a) dis- persants and other chemicals, if any, that may be used...., b) waters in which such dispersants and chemicals may be used...., and c) the quanti- ties of such dispersant or chemical which can be used safely...." In accomplishing these programs it is essential that the Division coordinate all of its activities with the above mentioned programs and offices. During major spill incidents, this Division provides technical support A-II-25 ------- to the Office of Oil & Hazardous Materials, as well as the individual Regional Offices of EPA. In light of these requirements, program needs and positions have been assigned in such a manner as to provide answers as rapidly as pos- sible. Interaction with Other Laboratories The Oil and Hazardous Substances Control Research and Development Committee of the National Response Team closely follows activities of MarAd, Army Corps of Engineers, Coast Guard, and Navy to avoid any dupli- cation of effort. A-II-26 ------- SOLID WASTE RESEARCH DIVISION The Solid Waste Research Division plans, conducts, and evaluates research on solid waste management systems and system requirements in order to develop new and improved means of managing solid wastes from all sources. Special efforts are directed toward the socio-economic sciences and their relationship to solid waste management systems. Municipal scale projects and specific demonstrations are used to encourage the application of new and improved methods, techniques, and equipment for solid waste management. Analytical and pilot plant facilities are maintained to carry out and support research studies designed to develop new waste handling or processing methods or to improve existing means of resource recovery, processing, and the ultimate disposal of solid wastes. The Division uses extramural research contracts and grants to help attain program objectives. Programs are assigned that require research at the bench, pilot plant, and municipal scale. Current and near term efforts are directed primarily toward: o Determining means of recovering or using materials and energy from solid wastes o Developing new and improved means of salvaging, recycling, and utilizing all forms of solid wastes c Determining the attitudes and behavior of the general populace toward resource recovery and toward reduction of the amount of waste generated e Developing new and improved means of collection and transporta- tion, effective comminution and separation systems, effective thermal degradation, and other processing schemes for solid waste prior to resource recovery or ultimate disposal e Developing and evaluating new and improved methods for disposal of all forms of unrecyclable solid wastes (including hazardous materials) without insult to the environment. A-II-27 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 1*10200: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - SOLID WASTES - RESEARCH - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS Objective The tentative objective is to identify the major effects that stor- ing, collecting, transporting, processing, and disposing of solid wastes have on man, animals, aquatic life, plants, materials, and the environ- ment . Description This program is to be initiated in FY 197^- Current and projected research should begin to produce positive results. Such results will then require more definitive determination of environmental effects. Relationship to Other EPA Programs There are obvious relationships to other EPA programs in this area. Solid wastes can be generated by other media and categorical sources; in like fashion, the handling of solid wastes can have effects on these areas. Constraints The delay of this program until FY 197^- is a major constraint. This effort should be on-going, but fiscal realities prevent this. Interaction with Other Laboratories Other laboratories, Federal and non-Federal, have a cursory approach to environmental effects in their solid waste research efforts. This approach, albeit minimal, is built into solid waste research but does not receive the necessary prominence. A-II-28 ------- PROGRAM CODE: UlOSOO: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - SOLID WASTES - RESEARCH - ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA Objective The tentative objective is to establish by FY 1977 the causes, sources, transport, fate, and effects of major pollutants from solid waste management practices in the surrounding environment through studies of atmospheric, climatologic, hydrologic, and soil processes. Description This program, to be initiated in FY 197^, could be handled well by a functional research approach. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The broad mandate of investigations into environmental phenomena necessitates the need for interaction with all EPA research responsi- bilities. Constraints The delay in starting this program is the major constraint. The current lack of an integrated approach in EPA to research of this type is another important constraint. Interaction with Other Laboratories It is anticipated that other Federal and non-Federal laboratories will be participating in research in this area in a more positive fashion when the program is initiated. A-II-29 ------- PROGRAM CODE: UlOUOO: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - SOLID WASTES - RESEARCH - MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS Objective The tentative objective is to develop the most urgently needed methods and techniques for measuring and monitoring pollutants in air, land, and water resulting from solid waste management practices. Description A minimal effort has been on-going in solid waste research to develop appropriate analytical methods. It is anticipated that a reasonably major effort will be started in FY 197^-j expanding upon past work. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The stated objective of this program implicitly involves the total EPA efforts in the monitoring and analytical method development area. Constraints It is unfortunate that this effort, by fiscal necessity, needs to be curtailed until FY Interaction with Other Laboratories Doubtlessly, there needs to be interaction with Federal and non- Federal laboratories on the development of analytical methods and monitoring technology associated with solid waste in the environment, through all steps from generation to disposal. A-II-30 ------- PROGRAM CODE: H21100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION Objectives The objective is to study and develop the necessary technology to improve existing solid waste management techniques for storing, moving, processing, and disposing of municipally generated wastes. Technical improvements will be made available for State and local use in providing better environmental approaches to solid waste management for their con- stituents. The information will provide the backbone for setting guide- lines and developing standards. Description This program involves primarily the management of municipally gener- ated solid wastes. It encompasses storage, collection, transport, processing, systems management, specialized wastes, and disposal. Such an encompassing program involves basic and applied research. Environmentally acceptable and practical storage methods are pres- ently, for the most part, not well integrated with collection/transport systems, potential recycling schemes, and disposal technology. Improved storage methods are needed for all solid waste sources but primarily required for residential, commercial, and industrial. Large improvements could be made in solid waste storage provided adequate resources were available. As presently practiced municipal solid waste collection is a costly, labor-intensive operation. Technological improvements have been evolving at a slow rate. The improvements made to date have not been developed on a systems basis that takes into account preceding and following solid waste management techniques and needs; for example, the packer truck works against the follow-up separation of waste. Research will aim to improve existing approaches, as well as to develop new, innovative, and less labor-intensive collection procedures. It is also necessary to undertake human factors research. To date, this important area has been totally neglected. The anticipated results will provide hardware systems and information systems that will make collection safer and better, while hopefully main- taining a status quo or reducing collection costs. The ever increasing difficulty that urban areas have in locating end processing and disposal sites means that solid wastes must be transported longer distances. Trucks are now the primary means. There is a growing interest in rail and barge transport. Preliminary studies have been undertaken in pipeline transport. A-H-31 ------- It is necessary to optimize transport systems from an economic and environmental acceptability viewpoint. The transport of solid waste must be integrated into a system which acknowledges storage/collection and attendant processing/reclamation and disposal. The concept of large facilities which receive materials from large regions is growing in this Nation. However, the technology for solid waste transport has not advanced to the point of meeting this concept in an adequate fashion. The information that will be generated through this research effort will be applicable in the development of guidelines and standards that will promote overall acceptable solid waste handling. A small portion of solid waste falls into a specialized category requiring special handling. The costs are out of proportion to volume or weight. Specialized wastes encompass such things as bulky white goods, leaves and tree trimmings, sewage and water treatment sludges, fly ash, litter, hospital wastes, and other minor materials. All too frequently these materials are not picked up by municipal or private forces because of cost or lack of proper techniques and equipment. The on-going and anticipated improvements in air and water quality will have a major impact upon the generation of solid waste materials requiring improved processing reuse approaches and disposal procedures. This area has received little research emphasis in the past. A unified approach to this problem area is needed to improve environmental quality and to ensure the proper dis- position of such materials. Solid waste processing is the focal point for resource recovery (in the form of materials or energy) and for improved transport and disposal techniques. The separation of valuable materials from municipal solid wastes can at best be described as antiquated. More truthfully, it is almost nonexistent. Some efforts are under way to develop automated and technically sound separation procedures. Materials separation holds the key to expanding resource recovery. Associated with separation is a neces- sity for size reduction of the heterogeneous solid waste stream. The recovery of materials and energy from thermal degradation is in an infan- tile stage in this Nation and the world. The densification of solid wastes may be an important component of improved transport and disposal practices. There will always be a residue material requiring ultimate disposal no matter how extensive processing and resource recovery are. Existing disposal practices are, for the most part, unacceptable and environment- ally unsound. Sanitary landfilling procedures do not have a sound scientific base. Our "cover and forget" approach may lead to long range environmental problems. Technology is needed for improving current prac- tices for "normal" municipal solid wastes, plus the myriad of other waste materials that are disposed of on land. The land has been an acceptable receptor of waste materials and has adequately degraded such materials without undue environmental harm, provided adequate dispersion has occurred. Our current approach to localized and concentrated waste disposal may A-II-32 ------- prove deleterious in years to come if currently unproven technology is followed. The anticipated ban on ocean disposal of hazardous waste will mean increased land disposal of these materials. A major research effort is under way to determine what these materials are and proper processing and disposal approaches. The need for a systemized approach to solid wastes is most evident. It is essential that the technological, economic, and social tradeoffs associated with all aspects of solid waste management "be recognized and balanced. In concert with a balanced approach to systematic solid waste management is the need to integrate the solid waste impact on both the air and water media. A major shift in program emphasis is anticipated which will take into account the total environment. Finally, there is a need to develop a scientific basis and criteria for local and regional solid waste management. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Solid waste management is not an entity unto itself in environmental management. There are major and varied points of interaction with all other EPA programs as they currently exist. Unfortunately, EPA's current organizational structure permits only limited interaction in areas of mutual interests. A few examples are: the leachate generated from sani- tary landfills poses a significant wastewater treatment problem primarily because of its composition; the development of improved thermal degrada- tion procedures cannot be done at the expense of air quality; the process- ing and disposal of waste pesticides and containers are of importance to solid waste management and should be of equal importance to the pesticides program; the production, handling, and disposal of radionuclides should be viewed as the responsibility of EPA and not a discrete program respon- sibility. It is irresponsible to approach environmentally integrated problems with tunnel vision. The development of guidelines and standards should be an integrated effort. Constraints The magnitude of solid wastes generated on a national level from all sources and the ever increasing rat'e of solid waste generation demand that increased resources be devoted to this highly neglected environmental area. There are numerous scattered resources within EPA and other Federal agen- cies that need to be coalesced into a cohesive structure that will permit more rapid and sounder research results to be generated. Interaction with Other Laboratories There are other researchers earnestly at work on the development of improved technology and approaches to solid wastes. For example, the Department of Interior's Bureau of Mines has an active solid waste pro- gram; Interior's forest product laboratory is working on the increased A-II-33 ------- utilization of waste cellulose fibers. AEG is very much concerned with disposal of radioactive waste. The Department of Commerce is a store- house of information on available resources and their depletion. DOD is concerned with disposal of explosive and toxic materials. The General Services Administration has changed its paper specifications to include post consumer fibers. Indeed, there is probably no Federal agency that does not have a solid waste problem, or is not interested and doing some major or minor research in the area of improving solid waste management. Liaison has been made and maintained with most other Federal agencies. Non-Federal laboratories are also working in the solid waste area and continue to make significant contributions. A-II-JU ------- PROGRAM CODE: 1+22100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION (SPECIFICALLY 1+22121 AND U22123) Objectives The objectives are to: e Develop a practical, detailed classification system for indus- trial solid wastes capable of becoming standardized and based upon physical and chemical properties, hazardous characteristics, and recycling potential e Provide industries with the necessary process technology to enable them to safely and reasonably meet contemplated disposal criteria. Also, to suggest approaches that will result in more waste being recycled o Develop strategies for implementing technological developments, thereby ensuring adequate and timely operation of abatement and control standards. Description This program will consist of four major projects: o Development of a practical classification system e Compilation and analysis of survey data from industrial solid waste management studies of several States o Development of strategies for mitigating industrial, solid waste problems o Development of guidelines and standards. The major research required by the program will be undertaken by contract. Contracts related to background studies and the classification of industrial wastes will precede development of strategies. Output of the program will be applicable nationwide to all levels of the industrial solid waste problem. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program interacts in many ways with the Office of Solid Waste Management Programs. Industrial waste management strategies will involve changes in technology and economic policy and may require manufacturing restrictions. A-II-35 ------- and depletion allowances. Other offices of EPA, USDA, the Department of the Interior, the Treasury Department, the Commerce Department, the Coun- cil on Environmental Quality, and the National Material Policy Commission will interface with this program. A-II-38 ------- RADIOCHEMISTRY AND NUCLEAR ENGINEERING DIVISION The Radiochemistry and Nuclear Engineering Division (RNED) is EPA's focal point for research to provide information about commercially oper- ated nuclear power facilities concerning: e Extent of radiation exposure of the population © Effective radiological surveillance e Reduction of population radiation exposure to the lowest prac- ticable level. A-II-39 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610U01: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - RADIATION - RESEARCH - MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS - RADIOCHEMICAL METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS Objectives The four interrelated objectives of this research are to: o Provide public information concerning radioactive material dis- charge at typical nuclear power stations (including identity, amounts, pathways, and dispersion or concentration in the environment) in order to contribute to the rational assessment of the environmental impact of proposed new facilities o Develop and test techniques and systems for assessing population radiation exposure from nuclear power facilities, for inclusion in radiological surveillance programs e Recommend radiological surveillance programs to assure compli- ance with Federal and local regulations, for use by EPA moni- toring groups, State environmental protection agencies, and utilities o Evaluate operations at nuclear power facilities, especially waste processing, for recommending procedures leading to the lowest practicable population radiation exposures Description Research is undertaken by performing field studies at selected oper- ating commercial nuclear power stations, in cooperation with the station operator, the State environmental protection agency, AEG, and the Office of Radiation Programs (ORP) of EPA. Samples are collected and measure- ments made within the station, at discharge points for radioactive efflu- ents, and in the immediate neighborhood. The measurements trace radio- nuclides from source to man, quantify the relationships among radionuclide production, discharge, and environmental levels, indicate the major and minor radiation sources and pathways, and test various monitoring tech- niques. The facilities under study are selected because they typify sta- tion operation, utilize waste treatment processes of interest, and provide necessary information on environmental pathways. The results are published in detailed reports of field studies, in summaries of the environmental impact of nuclear power stations, and as recommendations for radiological surveillance and radioactive waste processing. The initial part of the program—to undertake studies for providing information of a broad nature concerning the environmental impact of the two kinds of nuclear power stations (boiling water and pressurized water reactors) now being built throughout the United States--will be completed A-II-^0 ------- in FY 1973. Beginning in FY 1973, the following topics are to be under- taken : o Study of aspects of nuclear power facility operation that lead to relatively high population radiation exposures (to recommend correction), or to relatively low values (to recommend emula- tion) o Study of environmental impact of new types of nuclear power stations, such as gas-cooled reactors and liquid-metal breeder reactors, that will begin operation within the next few years o Support of Eastern Environmental Radiation Laboratory (EERL) and Western Environmental Research Laboratory (WERL) in studies of the influence of specific environmental aspects that lead to unusually high population radiation exposures at particular operating reactors o Study of the radiological impact of the growth of the industry (for example, multiple stations and stations near centers of population). Relationship to Other EPA Programs Recommendations for radiological surveillance programs are given to the Surveillance and Inspection Division in ORP for use in monitoring radioactive effluents and environmental radiation at nuclear power facili- ties . Analytical radiochemical methods are provided to EERL and WERL for their activities in support of the Surveillance Division. Cooperative programs of studies at nuclear power facilities are under- taken with EERL, WERL, and ORP. RNED provides technical guidance as needed; these groups provide instrumental and analytical support as needed. Scientific guidance and technical support for the studies at nuclear power facilities have been provided by ORM specialists in biology and limnology, and such support in meteorology will also be useful in the future. This Division will be available to support other activities with guidance in the area of radioactivity measurements, tracer studies with radionuclides, and trace analysis by nuclear activation. Interaction with Other Agencies Because of the regulatory responsibilities of AEG and State environ- mental protection agencies, the activities of this Division concerned with commercially operated nuclear power facilities must be closely coordinated with these gwo groups. ------- SUMMARY OF RESOURCES The following tables include two major program increases due to (l) a projected comprehensive Health Effects Research Program and (2) the Water Pollution Control and Abatement Act now pending in Congress. The rationale for the Health Effects Program is essentially that all research in EPA should be evaluated against one of two criteria, (l) to provide health intelligence for regulatory action and (2) to quantify health benefits of environmental control. The major national environmental standards established by EPA have been principally based on evidence that adverse health effects are associated with uncontrolled pollution. Health intelligence provides EPA with inputs to select a control strategy designed to minimize adverse health effects at an exposure level which is socially acceptable and least costly. Having instituted a control strategy, EPA can assess the benefits of the in- curred costs by employing its health program to quantify health benefits of environmental control. Such results allow EPA to evaluate control actions and to make appropriate adjustments in control strategies in the light of documented health benefits. This action will assure the public that scarce resources are not wasted on misguided action programs that achieve control but not the intended benefits. In presenting EPA's rationale for health research, the prior mentioned criteria were used to assess EPA's health research needs and show what the present base program and an expanded program require. The attached resources tables include this expanded program. The proposed Water Pollution Control and Abatement Act, now before Congress, requires an acceleration and expansion of continuing programs for the prevention and abatement of water pollution. This includes studies relating to the causes, effects, extent, prevention, and abate- ment of water pollution as well as the treatment and control technology for minimizing or eliminating water pollution. This legislation specifically provides for programs for storm and combined sewer pollution control, municipal pollution control, indus- trial pollution control, joint municipal and industrial pollution con- trol, agricultural pollution control, mine water pollution control and oil and hazardous materials pollution control. The Act also provides for the study of social and economic costs and benefits, health and welfare effects, methods and procedures to identify and measure the effects of pollutants, studies in connection with the control of pol- lution of lakes, especially the Great Lakes, vessel pollution control, A-II-^2 ------- pesticides pollution control., and methods of reducing the total flow of sewage. Finally, the Act requires programs for pollution control in rural and other areas where collection of sewage by conventional tech- niques is infeasible, such as an Alaskan Village water and sewage demonstration program. Table A-2a shows the present base programs, not including the pro- grams which would result from the proposed Water Pollution Control Abate- ment Act. Table A-2b shows the present base programs plus the additional resources required to respond to the proposed Act. A-II-U3 ------- TABLE A-2a LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING (excluding pending water legislation) NERC, CINCINNATI, OHIO Program Code - Facility 110203 - Cincinnati, Ohio 310401 - Cincinnati, Ohio 310402 - Cincinnati, Ohio 320101 - Cincinnati, Ohio 320102 - Edison, N.J. 320103 - Edison, N.J. 321101 - Edison, N.J. 322101 - Edison, N.J. 324101 - Cincinnati, Ohio 326101 - Edison, N.J. 326102 - Edison, N.J. 328101 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328102 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328103 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328104 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328105 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328106 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328107 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328108 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328109 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328110 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421122 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421123 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421124 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421125 - Cincinnati, Ohio FY72 $1000 1312 1289 932 2437.3 2758.8 1213.2 373 771 2882.5 1707 3843.2 430.8 183.4 262.3 144.7 267.6 284.7 979.8 461.7 166.9 225.5 52 42.4 50.2 1172 M/Y 43 33 24 23 3 1 4 2 11 6 10 11 4 6 4 8 5 14 15 5 2 0 0 0 15 FY73 $1000 1378 1423 1028 2470.3 2585.8 1209.5 485 740.7 3081 1650 3775 425 200 213.4 135.5 165.8 315 816.2 508.3 200.6 255.2 52 42.4 50.2 1172 M/Y 43 36 26 25 3 1 4 2 15 6 10 10 3 6 4 8 5 14 15 5 2 0 0 0 15 FY74 $1000 1447 1565 1131 2594 2715 1270 509 740.7 3389 1444 3303 446 210 224 142 174 331 857 534 211 268 57 47 55 1289 M/Y 43 38 27 25 3 1 4 2 16 5 9 10 3 6 4 8 5 14 15 5 2 1 1 1 16 FY75 $1000 1519 1722 1244 2724 2851 1333 535 617.7 3728 1238 2831 469 221 235 149 183 347 900 560 221 281 63 51 61 1418 M/Y 43 40 29 25 3 1 4 2 17 4 8 10 3 6 4 8 5 14 15 5 2 1 1 1 17 FY76 $1000 1595 1894 1368 2860 2993 1400 561 494.7 4101 1032 2359 492 232 247 157 192 365 945 588 232 295 69 56 67 1560 M/Y 43 42 30 25 3 1 4 1 18 3 7 10 3 6 4 8 5 14 15 5 2 2 2 2 17 FY77 $1000 1674 2083 1505 3003 3143 1470 590 370 4511 825 1887 517 243 259 165 202 383 992 618 244 310 76 62 73 1716 M/Y 43 44 32 25 3 1 4 1 20 3 5 10 3 6 4 8 5 14 15 5 2 2 2 2 18 ------- TABLE A-2a (continued) Program Code - Facility 421126 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421127 Cincinnati, Ohio 421128 - Cincinnati, Ohio 422121 - Cincinnati, Ohio 422123 - Cincinnati, Ohio 424121 - Cincinnati, Ohio 610401 - Cincinnati, Ohio 972324 - Cincinnati, Ohio FY72 $1000 2073.6 102 235.4 170 84.1 3597 79.8 324.7 M/Y 11 0 1 1 0 9 5 15 FY73 $1000 2073.6 102 235.4 170 71.1 3597 130 750 M/Y 11 0 1 i 0 9 6 30 FY74 $1000 2281 112 259 300 200 4000 140 960 M/Y 12 1 1 4 3 10 6 32 FY75 $1000 2509 123 285 300 200 4000 150 990 M/Y 12 1 2 3 2 11 6 33 FY76 $1000 2760 136 313 300 200 4000 120 1050 M/Y 13 2 2 2 1 12 6 35 FY7 7 $1000 3036 149 345 300 100 4000 131 1110 M/Y 13 2 2 1 1 13 6 37 H H ------- TABLE A-2b LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING (including pending water legislation) NERC, CINCINNATI, OHIO Program Code - Facility 110203 - Cincinnati, Ohio 310401 - Cincinnati, Ohio 310402 - Cincinnati, Ohio 320101 - Cincinnati, Ohio 320102 - Edison, N.J. 320103 - Edison, N.J. 320104 - Edison, N.J. 320105 - Cincinnati, Ohio 321101 - Edison, N.J. 321102 - Edison, N.J. 321113 - Cincinnati, Ohio 322101 - Edison, N.J. 324101 - Cincinnati, Ohio 326101 - Edison, N.J. 326102 - Edison, N.J. 328101 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328102 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328103 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328104 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328105 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328106 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328107 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328108 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328109 - Cincinnati, Ohio 328110 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421122 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421123 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421124 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421125 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421126 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421127 - Cincinnati, Ohio 421128 - Cincinnati, Ohio FY72 $1000 1312 1289 932 2437.3 2758.8 1213.2 373 771 2882.5 1707 3843.2 430.8 183.4 262.3 144.7 267.6 284.7 979.8 461.7 166.9 225.5 52 42.4 50.2 1172 2073.6 102 235.4 M/Y 43 33 24 23 3 1 4 2 11 6 10 11 4 6 4 8 5 14 15 5 2 0 0 0 15 11 0 1 FY73 $1000 1378 2023 1428 8370.3 7185.8 1709.5 630 1000 1285 1000 1500 740.7 10,081 9650 14,375 3325 775 1113.4 735.5 1425.8 1565 5416.2 1908.3 1300.6 1255.2 52 42.4 50.2 1172 2073.6 102 235.4 M/Y 43 50 34 50 19 7 2 2 19 10 10 2 25 15 24 22 9 11 10 11 13 33 22 14 8 0 0 0 15 11 0 1 FY74 $1000 1447 2165 1931 15,970 9515 3440 800 850 1400 2000 3000 740.7 12,389 13,044 14,803 6446 1210 824 1142 1724 1651 8357 4234 1861 2198 57 47 55 1289 2281 112 259 M/Y 43 53 37 43 23 7 2 2 24 13 20 2 48 24 23 23 8 11 10 11 10 34 22 15 10 1 1 1 16 12 1 1 FY75 $1000 1519 2222 2044 17,424 13,451 7033 1000 650 2558 3000 3500 617.7 15,728 15,738 11,831 4669 1321 935 1299 1723 1747 7000 4260 2071 2881 63 51 61 1418 2509 123 285 M/Y 43 55 37 45 23 7 3 2 26 14 23 2 71 26 20 29 9 11 10 11 10 34 22 15 15 1 1 1 17 12 1 2 FY76 $1000 1595 2344 1968 19,960 12,393 6950 1000 375 2364 3000 4000 494.7 16,701 17,332 9559 3792 1432 947 1607 1502 2000 5545 3488 2132 2695 69 56 67 1560 2760 136 313 M/Y 43 56 37 45 23 7 3 2 27 15 24 1 72 34 16 29 9 11 10 11 11 33 18 15 15 2 2 2 17 13 2 2 FY77 $1000 1674 2283 1905 19,903 8993 1770 2900 300 2086 2500 3000 370 17,741 17,125 9087 2217 1443 859 1515 1522 1903 3592 3018 2244 2310 76 62 73 1716 3036 149 345 M/Y 43 54 37 45 21 7 4 1 27 17 29 1 72 36 15 24 9 11 10 11 10 33 18 15 12 2 2 2 18 13 2 2 H H CT\ ------- TABLE A-2b (continued) Program Code - Facility 422121 - Cincinnati, Ohio 422123 - Cincinnati, Ohio 424100 - Cincinnati, Ohio 610401 - Cincinnati, Ohio 972324 - Cincinnati, Ohio FY72 $1000 170 84.1 3597 79.8 324.7 M/Y 1 0 9 5 15 FY73 $1000 170 71.1 3597 130 750 M/Y 1 0 9 6 30 FY74 $1000 300 200 4000 140 960 M/Y 4 3 10 6 32 FY75 $1000 300 200 4000 150 990 M/Y 3 2 11 6 33 FY76 $1000 300 200 4000 120 1050 M/Y 2 1 12 6 35 FY77 $1000 300 100 4000 131 1110 M/Y 1 1 13 6 37 I H H ------- SECTION III: NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER CORVALLIS,OREG. The National Environmental Research Center (MERC), Corvallis, Oreg., currently conducts research principally in the water pollution area. This is because the eight laboratories associated with it are, but with one exception, water pollution research laboratories of the former Federal Water Quality Administration. The one exception is the Gulf Breeze (pesticides research) Laboratory, formerly of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Current management and planning effort seeks to upgrade ongoing activities — to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and economies of action. The next order of priority is to broaden the scope of the research pro- grams to encompass impacts of pollutants throughout the entire environ- ment. Moving in this direction will commence in FY 1973- With such broadened scope, which will permit pursuing pollutants, their degradation products, their fate through all phases of the environment, the working thread of continuity will be the ecological reactions of significance. The Center's activities are carried out in Alaska Water Laboratory, College, Alaska, Grosse lie Laboratory, Grosse lie, Mich., Gulf Breeze Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Fla., Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, Okla., National Marine Water Quality Laboratory, West Kingston, R.I., National Water Quality Laboratory, Duluth, Minn., Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, Corvallis, Greg., and Southeast Water Laboratory, Athens, Ga. A Southern California Marine Research Laboratory is planned for FY 1973 and As environmental research is intensified and broadened to meet the needs of regulatory responsibilities of EPA, emphasis in program growth and need for resources will be on the Center site in Corvallis. This is necessary to develop a Center with capabilities to effectively sense, understand, measure, and learn to deal in meaningful ways with ecological responses of environmental pollution. Associated laboratories will experi- ence more limited growth, principally in response to program needs that are largely keyed to geographic requirements for successful 'accomplishment. A-III-1 ------- Laboratory Responsibilities Responsibility for the operational direction of assigned programs includes the management necessary to effectively use delegated authorities and allocated resources to implement, direct, and monitor an improved plan provided by ORM. The broad research objectives are to: o Generate knowledge needed for refinement of control standards c Improve understanding of environmental and ecological impacts as a basis for more effective environmental control o Develop effective control technologies that can be demonstrated and put to broadened use to restore and protect environmental quality In addition to in-house research, specific activities required to accomplish these objectives will include evaluation of grant applications, rejection or recommendation for award, preparation and approval of grant award packages, technical and administrative supervision of ongoing grant projects, final report review and preparation for publication, grant close- out, and equipment recovery. Initiation of new grant applications to meet recognized needs follows. Similar activities will be carried out with regard to research contracts. Laboratory activities will include preliminary verification of claims in applications for grants for demonstration of new treatment processes, analysis of demonstration facility streams to verify accuracy of grantee's report, evaluation of automatic analyzers,'controllers, and package treat- ment units coming into the market, development of new treatment techniques, and identification of components and the effects of proprietary additives. Laboratories also serve as a clearinghouse for recovery, utilization, or reassignment of instrumentation and equipment retrieved from completed grant projects. The Headquarters Divisions responsible for providing program man- agement over particular aspects of the program are covered in the state- ment of each laboratory's programs-. Laboratory activities under the National Applied Science and Tech- nology Research and Development Program for waste treatment and abatement of pollution include,but are not limited to, such activities as: o Identification of waste sources, volumes, and standard raw waste loads for each significant waste parameter present for each unit process or operation conducted c Identification of current methods of treatment, treatment effec- tiveness and cost, and the extent to which treatment methods are being applied A-III-2 ------- e Determination of the national significance of each source and establishing a priority for development of effective and eco- nomical treatment methods e Research, development, and demonstration of the effectiveness and economics of new or improved methods of waste treatment. The overall objectives of the national program are to develop the Best Practicable Control Technology for implementation by January 1976, the Best Available Control Technology by January 1981, and Closed Loop Technology by January 1985. The laboratory will, through in-house and extramural activities, assist in the attainment of these objectives. Approach to Industrial Water Pollution Control Programs Congress and the Executive Branch have placed the primary burden upon industry to control its pollution. However, the industrial pollu- tion control program was created by Congress to assist industry to develop treatment and control technology. Resources in dollars and manpower to develop this technology in EPA will be limited to the relative overall magnitude of the industrial problems. Faced by standards and enforcement actions, industry will continue to accelerate its control actions with the progressive industry members leading the way. There is no question at this time of the growth, magnitude, and com- plexity of the industrial pollution problems as compared to other control- lable point sources. Nor is there any question on the extent and use of our Nation's waters by industry. To date, the nature and immensity of industrial problems have re- sulted in development of a research and development program which has been primarily extramural in nature. Since its beginning, the objective of the program has been to develop the technology to achieve any required degree of pollution control by least cost methods for all significant sources of pollution, with minimum environmental impact. Meeting this objective requires: e Identification of needs: - Through state-of-the-art studies - Through regional and industrial identification of needs - Through continuing program and projects evaluation o Development of technology for wastewater treatment and control: - For municipal acceptance - For meeting water quality standards A-III-3 ------- - For zero discharge (reuse and recycle) - For total environmental control (air, water, solids, treatment and control optimized systems) e Economic optimization; - By establishing proper in-plant measures - By developing by-product recovery systems - By establishing technology for water conservation - By developing zero discharge. The zero discharge approach will result from extensive applications of closed loop systems. Consideration of air and solid wastes industrial pollution problems is deemed appropriate for the vast majority of indus- tries. For the short term, efforts will be concentrated on a small group of high pollution potential industries—the food, pulp and paper, metals, chemical, petroleum, and textile industries, for example. To concentrate EPA efforts on the most significant industries, a pro- gram is visualized which establishes a critical mass of industrial pollu- tion control personnel at a few laboratories. At present, these are the Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, The Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, the Southeast Water Laboratory (all of which report to NERC, Corvallis), and the Edison Laboratory (which reports to NERC, Cincinnati). There will be a need for shifting program efforts from a small set of high-polluting industries to the next ranking set as technology is devel- oped. In addition to the shifting of program emphasis, the overall program will be continued as a predominantly extramural program (grants and con- tracts) . The in-house program will remain relatively small and concentrate on specific process gaps in grants and contracts and on processes common to many industries. In addition to these programs the Thermal Pollution Program is another important EPA effort which is now receiving emphasis. As currently visualized, general assignments for the HERC's are: Cor- vallis, agricultural-based industries (food, pulp and paper, and agricul- tural chemicals) and Cincinnati, nonagricultural-based industries (metals, chemicals, petroleum, and textiles). If executed, this will be accomplished by shifting municipal processes personnel to the industrial program. In most cases, the transfers in effect should merely broaden current process technology efforts to include industrial wastes. The shifting of emphasis is of high priority but will be accomplished at a reasonable pace. ------- PROGRAM CODE: 31020U: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS - AGRICULTURAL USES Objectives This program is needed to provide data to establish criteria that will provide a sound scientific basis for setting water quality standards for agricultural uses. More elastic criteria are needed to characterize water quality for irrigation use as modified by climate soil factors, management practices, drainage, quality of water, and kinds of crops grown. It is essential to determine tolerance limits for herbicides transported in irrigation water from noncrop areas to cropland. Description Agricultural uses of water include those of irrigating and watering livestock and poultry. The physical and chemical characteristics of irri- gational waters may have an important effect on plants, the soil, and domestic animals consuming such waters. Constituents of water may cause physiological disturbances and toxic algae or protozoans in water con- sumed may be deleterious. Special studies are needed in relation to trace elements and their concentrations. From the standpoint of poten- tial toxicants, it is believed that if the water is safe for aquatic plants and other aquatic life, it is safe for use for irrigation. In order to avoid overlapping of water quality as related to USDA, existing knowledge of water quality criteria for domestic animals and irrigation use should be consolidated. Additional data should be pro- vided as need indicates, hopefully through USDA. In respect to the fact that the development of scientifically sound and legally defensible water quality criteria for freshwater aquatic life is the first (top) priority mission, Agriculture Water Uses (31020^) is of medium priority. This program will be carried out at Corvallis. A-III-5 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310206: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS - FRESHWATER FISHES, OTHER FRESHWATER LIFE, AND WILDLIFE Objectives The program is to provide data to establish criteria that will pro- vide the sound scientific basis for setting water quality standards for freshwaters. The ultimate objective is to develop valid criteria for setting water quality standards for the propagation of freshwater fishes, other aquatic life, and wildlife. The specific objective of the program is to develop criteria for important fishes and invertebrates and for their food chain organisms. The program includes, but is not limited to, the areas of temperature and dissolved oxygen, mercury and other heavy metals, pesticides, and complex organic effluents. Description To accomplish these objectives, a variety of aquatic animals including fishes and their food organisms must be exposed to pollutants of concern to determine the effects on all life stages. This permits establishing safe concentrations that may persist in water and not cause harm. Tests last from a few weeks to 2 years, depending on the organism being tested. Techniques for testing aquatic animals are few, and methods must be constantly developed to test other pollutants and new animals. Often, chemical analytical methods are not sufficiently sensitive to measure biologically important concentrations, and chemical research is necessary before bioassays can be performed. When new chemicals, such as pesticides are being considered for use or registration and for EPA enforcement activity, standardized bioassays are needed to determine toxicity for specific chemicals or species in order to assess their environmental impact. If residues are produced in the flesh, these too must be measured. Such activity continually requires more space and manpower to meet agency needs. The research is carried out at Duluth, the Fish Toxicology Field Station, Newtown, Ohio, and the Western Fish Toxicology Field Station, Corvallis, Oreg. It includes aquatic organisms from all parts of the Nation—even those like salmon that spend a portion of their life in the ocean. Work must be performed in diverse geographical locations in order to be close to the organisms to be tested and the water types and pollution problem of concern. The research assignment to develop criteria for water quality standards is specified in the authorizing legislation. A-III-6 ------- First priority is given to establishing safe levels for pollutants of most immediate concern such as mercury and PCB. Second priority is given to developing better testing methods to more quickly assess environmental impact. Often these two needs can be met simultaneously. A-III-7 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310209: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS - MARINE FISHES, OTHER MARINE LIFE AND WILDLIFE Objectives The program is to provide data to establish criteria that will pro- vide the sound scientific basis for setting water quality standards for marine and estuarine waters. The ultimate objective is to develop valid criteria for setting water quality standards for the propagation of important marine fishes and invertebrates and their food chain organisms. Specific objectives include, but are not limited to determining: o Safe levels of pesticides and pesticide derivatives in estuaries and coastal waters e Effects of organic chemicals, heavy metals, petroleum, and petroleum by-products on marine life c Temperature and dissolved oxygen requirements for marine life. Description To accomplish these objectives, acute and chronic effects of pollu- tants on the various life stages of the organisms must be determined in order to specify safe levels of the pollutant involved. With the great number of toxic substances being released into the environment, the pro- gram requires a high level of effort for an extensive period of time. Field testing is required in many cases to validate laboratory findings. Without adequate facilities such as construction of the National Marine Water Quality Laboratory at Narragansett and the acquisition of Bears Bluff Field Station to provide access to flowing seawater, the marine program is handicapped in meeting its responsibility. This is a national program not limited by geographic or political boundaries. It is to provide criteria for marine life, these criteria being an integral part of water quality standards. Priority This is the first (No. l) research priority of the National Marine Water Quality Laboratory, in order to develop scientifically sound and legally defensible water quality criteria for marine and estuarine aquatic life. It is mandated in the Water Quality Act. A-III-8 ------- PROGRAM CODES: 310209: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS -WATER -RESEARCH -WATER QUALITY REQUIREMENTS - MARINE FISHES, OTHER MARINE LIFE AND WILDLIFE. ALSO: 510102: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - PESTICIDES - ESTABLISHMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND STANDARDS - ANIMAL WELL-BEING Objectives Objectives of this program are related to effects of pesticides and other pollutants on aquatic ecosystems. Elements common to these eco- systems are: o Decomposer organisms and nutrient regenerators such as bacteria, ciliate protozoans, and algae o Organisms, such as algae, small rooted plants, and trees, which produce food through the process of photosynthesis o Animals which feed upon ciliate protozoans, algae, weeds, trees, and other animals, and detritus formed from them. Research will be performed on these elements, integrating data ob- tained so as to yield knowledge for prediction of effects of pesticides and other compounds on aquatic ecosystems. Description Bioassays will be conducted on pesticides to be used in or near the marine environment. This information will be sent to EPA's Pesticide Regulation Division. Also, chronic laboratory experiments will be con- ducted on effects of sublethal concentrations of chemical contaminants on estuarine organisms. Further, the effect on organisms of the inter- actions of more than one pesticide or a pesticide and other pollutants will be studied under several environmental conditions. The Gulf Breeze laboratory provides the primary research relative to pesticides in water environment in these two programs. Part of the FY 1973-77 resources will be used to establish narine field stations in the Pacific Northwest, in Southern California, and in the tropics. A-III-9 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310301: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA - FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN FRESH SURFACE WATERS Objective The objective is to describe and predict the movement and character- istics of pollutants in fresh surface waters and the mechanisms which affect the ultimate fate of such contaminants. The purpose is to relate the concentrations and forms of pollutants to the size, character, com- position, and location of their sources in order to establish effective water quality standards, treatment and control requirements, and basin planning. Description Research is conducted to: e Determine the rates of movement, accumulation, and degradation of pollutants in surface water systems and the chemical, physi- cal, and biological factors which influence these phenomena c Determine the distribution of pollutants in surface water eco- systems c Develop, in simulated streams, predictive models for pollutant fate c Verify models in the natural environment. This program is being conducted in Athens. A-III-10 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310302: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA - FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN GROUND WATERS Objective The broad objective of the program is to develop methods for protect- ing ground water quality. This is done by defining, describing, and quan- tifying the fate of pollutants entering and traversing ground water terrains. Specific objectives include: o Determination of the scope and nature of ground water pollution problems o Establishment of scientific criteria for disposal site selection o Determination of the effects of surface activities on ground water environments e Development of monitoring and management systems for ground water environments o Development of optimum waste disposal procedures relative to subsurface disposal. Description This field and laboratory program characterizes the movement, distri- bution, and interactions of pollutants in ground water environments. It provides the scientific basis for development of ground water standards, control technology, and restorative techniques. The FY 1972 in-house program includes investigations of pollutants in ground water beneath cattle feedlots, of ground water "brine pollution problems in the South Central Region, and of the degradation of cattle hormones. This program receives program management from the Division of Processes and Effects. Top priority projects both in-house and extra- mural will include comprehensive surveys by regions for identification of ground water pollution problems to serve as a basis for planning future research efforts, development of improved monitoring techniques, and development of optimum waste disposal procedures relative to sub- surface disposal. This program is carried out in Ada. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The solid waste program of the Office of Categorical Programs con- ducts demonstrations of landfill operations which could bear on ground water pollution; no relationship has been established. The Standards A-III-11 ------- Development Division of the Office of Water Programs requires data as developed under 310302 for ground water standards; liaison is maintained. Pending legislation (S. lOlU) includes provisions for the establish- ment of effluent standards for ground water environments. Interaction with Other Laboratories A draft memo of agreement between EPA and the Department of the Interior (primarily the Geological Survey) spells out the functions and responsibilities of both agencies toward protecting and enhancing ground water quality. Liaison is also maintained with the Bureau of Mines, the Corps of Engineers, and certain State research programs. A-III-12 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310303: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA - FATE OF POLLUTANTS BT MARINE WATERS Objectives The objectives are to: o Establish scientific criteria for disposal site selection and use o Determine the environmental effects of ocean disposal in exist- ing disposal sites e Develop monitoring systems for ocean disposal. Description Field and laboratory studies are conducted to characterize processes governing the transport, distribution, and transformation of pollutants in coastal and estuarine waters. Typical work includes chemical, bio- logical, and physical measurements of heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other pollutants in several selected estuarine and coastal locations. The FY 1972 program is largely designed to satisfy EPA's responsibilities for regulating ocean disposal. The present in-house program is centered at Corvallis, Oreg., and most in-house work is undertaken along the nearby Pacific Northwest coast. Because marine ecosystems and environmental parameters differ broadly among ocean basins and because pollution loads vary, a broader geographi- cal effort, together with more expertise on marine pollution problems on each coast, is needed to develop marine water quality standards. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program is coordinated with the estuarine programs of the Office of Water Programs. The work is related to that of the Narragansett Marine Water Quality Laboratory and the Gulf Breeze Laboratory. Constraints Pending legislation to regulate ocean dumping, if passed, will catch EPA ill-prepared to designate ocean dumping sites and to prescribe proto- cols for their environmentally-safe use. Interaction with Other Laboratories This program requires coordination with the marine sciences programs of other Federal agencies including: NOAA, NASA, the Department of the Interior, the Geological Survey, National Science Foundation, and the Coast Guard. A-III-13 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310301*: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA - FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN LARGE LAKES Objective The objective is to understand and predict the various chemical, physical, and biological processes which affect water quality so that rational technological and administrative controls may be applied to enhance the water quality of the lakes. Description Field measurements and laboratory analyses are conducted to verify mathematical models to describe and predict the time-space distribution of pollutants and their resulting effect on the water quality of the Great Lakes and other large lakes. Also, the methodology for relating water quality to ecology will be developed. Procedures are developed for determining the adequacy of water quality standards, wastewater treat- ment needs, and overall water quality management requirements in large lake systems. This program is centered at Grosse lie because it is close to the Great Lakes. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The major interactions of this program are with the Office of Water Programs and with Regions II, III, and V. The large lakes program pro- vides a scientific basis for developing water quality standards and for dealing with pollution situations in the Great Lakes. Interaction with Other Laboratories Liaison is maintained with NOAA, the Coast Guard, and counterpart laboratory and field research programs in Canada, as well as academic institutions in the Great Lakes basin. Liaison is maintained with the International Joint Commission, Great Lakes Basin Commission, and the joint U.S./Canadian International Field Year for the Great Lakes. A-III-1.4 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310^00: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - MONITORING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS (SPECIFICALLY 31*01 and 310403) Objective The objective is to develop methods for detection, identification, and quantification of water pollutants, including pesticides, trace metals, and organic substances. Description Research is conducted in a number of areas to develop new methodology or to improve on existing methodology. Areas include all types of spec- troscopy, activation analysis, electrochemical techniques, and others. This program area also includes research directed toward the development of techniques, and special devices needed to permit rapid, accurate, and economical detection, characterization, quantification, and monitoring of all types of pollution sources. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The major interaction of this program is with the Office of Water Programs in relation to the setting and enforcement of water quality standards. Close contact is maintained with Region IV for the purpose of providing solutions to regional water quality problems. The work on ecological cycling of pollutants, including nutrients, is closely related to several other EPA research programs. Interaction with Other Laboratories Liaison is maintained with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TVA, Battelle Northwest, Geological Survey, and academic institutions for the purpose of exchanging research data and methodologies. Consultation on equipment and instrumentation is conducted with the Smithsonian Institu- tion, Beltsville Experimental Station, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (Cape Kennedy, Fla.), Savannah River Laboratory, Corps of Engineers, Navy Mine Defense Laboratory, and the Marshall Space Flight Center. A-III-15 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 321100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION Objective This program area is that portion of the research, development, and demonstration program charged with the task of developing and demonstrating new or improved methods for the abatement of pollution caused by the discharge of pollutants from various industrial sources. Description Congress and the Executive Branch have placed the primary burden upon industry to control its pollution. However, the industrial pollution control program was created by Congress to assist industry to develop treatment and control technology. Resources in dollars and manpower to develop this technology in EPA will be limited to the relative overall magnitude of the industrial problems. Faced by standards and enforcement actions, industry will continue to accelerate its control actions with the progressive industry members leading the way. To date, the nature and immensity of industrial problems have resulted in development of a research and development program which has been primarily extramural in nature. Since its beginning, the objective of the program has been to develop the technology to achieve any required degree of pollution control by least cost methods for all significant sources of pollution, with minimum environmental impact, and with the emphasis on closed loop water systems. To concentrate EPA efforts on the most significant industries, a program is visualized which establishes a critical mass of industrial pollution control personnel at a few laboratories. At present, the following specific programs are carried out by the assigned laboratories: Program Element Title Laboratory 321101 Metal & Metal Products Grosse lie 321102 Chemicals & Allied Products Athens 321103 Power Production Corvallis 32110U Paper & Allied Products Corvallis A-III-16 ------- Program Element Title Laboratory 321105 Petroleum & Coal Products Ada 321106 Food & Kindred Products Corvallis, Athens and Ada 321107 . Machinery & Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Corvallis 321108 Stone, Clay, & Glass Products Corvallis 321109 Textile Mill Products Athens 321110 Lumber & Wood Products Corvallis 321111 Rubber & Plastic Corvallis 321112 Miscellaneous Industrial Sources Ada 321113 Joint (industrial/Municipal) Athens and Wastes Ada There will be a need for shifting program efforts from a small set of high-polluting industries to the next ranking set as technology is developed. In addition to the shifting of program emphasis, the over- all program will be continued as a predominantly extramural program (grants and contracts). The in-house program will remain relatively small and concentrate on specific process gaps in grants and contracts and on processes common to many industries. This program is required as a basis for EPA's enforcement program. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program is structured to fulfill priority requirements identified by the Regional Administrators. A-III-17 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 322000: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - TRANSPORTATION SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION (SPECIFICALLY 322102 AND 322103) Objective The objectives of this program area are to develop methods for: e Controlling erosion from construction sites and pollution from dredging spoils o Catching and disposing of sediments from eroded construction sites and dredged spoil piles e Predicting the effect of any particular dredging system upon the dredge spoil and the waters so as to be able to utilize the best methods available. Description Present day practices during heavy construction projects cause severe pollution problems. Stripping grass and trees from the earth leaves the soil open to extremely high rates of erosion. It is estimated that 20,000 to ^0,000 times as much erosion takes place from such areas as compared to the same site prior to the stripping of the top cover. The siltation of downstream areas is a logical result of this erosion. The program area is also concerned with control of water pollution caused by deliberate disturbance of existing beds of water courses and the disposal of any materials removed from the bed, except when such activities are related to mineral extraction. In one project involving a large construction site, work is being jointly supported by the State, EPA, and the construction company (Levit & Co.). This project should provide some of the information required to allow State and local officials to plan and enforce local sediment ordinance and laws. Another project will attempt to determine the physical and chemical effects of the consolidation of various dredged spoils on the surrounding waters. This program effort will be carried out by NERC, Corvallis. A-III-18 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 323100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - AGRICULTURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION Objectives Agricultural pollution (encompassing feedlot runoff, irrigation return flows fertilizer and pesticide runoff from crop and forest lands, natural runoff, aquaculture, land disposal of sludges and non-sewered rural wastes) is not now a major factor in water quality degradation. The basic objectives are to develop and demonstrate means to minimize the adverse water quality impact of these sources by improved farm management prac- tices, new or improved facilities or equipment, and new or refined tech- nology in such areas as manure recycle, "trickle" irrigation systems, new fertilizers, or related activities. Description In the area of forestry and logging, interest is directed at control of fertilized forest runoff and log storage practices which will reduce sediment and organic loading. Further interest is directed toward methods of harvesting timber and controlling runoff from active logging areas. The agricultural (cropland) runoff control program includes work designed to develop and demonstrate management techniques, mathematical modeling tools such as systems analysis, and improved cultural practices. A number of watershed studies are under way to define not only the fate and effect of many commonly used pesticides and herbicides, but also to demonstrate and evaluate control measures. Among measures to be con- sidered are foam applications of pesticides, physical structures for runoff control, and improved cultivation practices. From these projects, an array of guidelines, methods, and criteria will be formulated to aid farmers in controlling the pesticide-, herbicide-, and fertilizer-carrying sediment reaching water courses every year. With ever-increasing loads of salinity causing extensive degradation of such water courses as the Colorado River Basin, irrigation return flow quality improvement and quantity reduction is of paramount importance. Emphasis is being placed on: o Canal lining e Development and verification of computerized systems analyses of irrigation water management practices A-III-19 ------- o Development and demonstration of automatic control systems for scheduling of water usage to result in minimum runoff and percolation through soil profiles o Defining the nature and extent of salinity problems o Correlation of return flow improvement with those practices implicated as beneficial c Development of tailwater recycling to eliminate the discharges e Demonstration of desalinization of return and recycle flows where deemed necessary. The programs in confined animal and poultry operations are designed to eliminate damaging runoff by such means as: o Full scale demonstrations of biological, chemical, and physical treatment systems currently being developed o Demonstration of land loading rates of treated wastes as a pathway of recycle o Waste conversion of dehydration, pyrolysis, and other suitable techniques for by-prpduct recovery and nutrient refeeding as another set of recycle pathways c Development and demonstration of large animal production units employing maximum reutilization of wastes and energy to meet future demands o Fate and effect studies and control or removal techniques of feed additives (growth hormones and antibiotics). Natural runoff from forested areas, mineral springs, and subsurface mineral salt deposits has been recognized as a major source of sediment, salt, and nutrients, (in some cases greater than 50 percent). Control measures for these unheralded but awesomely large sources of water pollution must be outlined and developed. A program has been initiated in FY 1972 to develop and demonstrate biological degradation of sulfate- bearing wastes from natural runoff. Program Element Title Laboratory 323101 Forestry & Logging Corvallis , with consultation from U.S. Forest Ser- vice and U.S. Department of the Interior A-III-20 ------- Program Element Title Laboratory 323102 323103 32310^ 323105 323107 Unnumbered Unnumbered Agricultural Run-Off Irrigation Return Flows Animal Feedlots Non-Sewered Rural Wastes Natural Run-Off Sludge Disposal on Land Aquaculture (fish farming) Athens, with primary cooperation from USDA Ada, with primary consultation and cooperation from U.S. Department of the Interior Livestock at Ada, poultry at Athens, with primary coordination from USDA Athens; no program at present Ada, with primary consultation from U.S. Bureau of Mines; no program at present Ada and Athens, with coordination from USDA Athens, with consultation from USDA and TVA A-III-21 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 32^100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MINING SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION Objectives The objectives of the mining pollution control technology program are to develop and demonstrate the necessary technology (including procedures, techniques, methods, and systems) which may be required to abate the present pollution caused by mining operations and abandoned mining sites and to allow mining to be carried on in the future without causing environmental degradation. Description Mining is the extraction of minerals or fuels from the earth, and a mineral may be defined as any naturally occurring substance that is neither vegetable or animal. For the purpose of describing this research area, extraction is defined as the process of severing a mineral or fuel from the earth to and including the crushing, grinding, screening, and refuse separation steps necessary to produce a standard saleable material. Some form of mining is carried out in each of the 50 States, and present levels of technology are not able to prevent environmental degradation from occurring at most of these mining operations. Because mining causes long-term—almost permanent—degradation of the environment, it is urgent that the technology needed for control and prevention be developed and demonstrated at the earliest possible time. The present mining pollution control technology program is based on technology development and demonstration using grants and contracts under Sections 5 and 6 and field level demonstration of these developed methods and techniques through grants to the States under Section Ik of the appropriate act. The several segments of the mining pollution control technology program are based in three of our laboratories. Mine Drainage. (32^101)— which deals principally with drainage from coal mines — is centered in Cincinnati. Oil Production (32^102), Oil Shale (32^103), and Other Mining Sources (32U10U) are centered in Ada. Phosphate Mining (32^105) is centered in Athens. A-III-22 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328201: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - MULTIPLE SOURCES - EUTROPHICATION AND LAKE RESTORATION Objective The objective is to develop and demonstrate eutrophication"control and lake restoration procedures including: e Development of technology to control and reverse the eutrophi- cation process e Development of methods for characterizing the degree of eutro- phication in bodies of water and for predicting the impact of nutrient sources on the eutrophication of natural waters e Demonstration of restoration of eutrophic lakes. Description Field and laboratory studies are conducted to describe the relation between nutrient types and amounts versus the algal responses produced. Methods for and measurements of nutrient cycles among water, biota, and sediment, and numbers and distribution of algal populations are developed and applied. Mathematical models for predicting the effects of nutrients are developed. Methods and technology are developed and tested to control the eutro- phication process and to restore eutrophic lakes, including removal of accumulated nutrients by harvesting algae and weeds, enhancement of oxidative processes by aeration, chemical precipitation of nutrients from the water, and removal of nutrient rich bottom sediments. The Corvallis laboratory carries out this research effort. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program interacts with the Office of Water Programs in relation to nutrient pollution abatement activities, as well as with Regional Offices having eutrophication problems. The nutrient cycling work under this program closely relates to the pollutant cycling work done under the J>1QJ>Q1, JlOJOk, and J28203 programs at Athens, Grosse lie, and Ada. A-IH-23 ------- Constraints The Water Quality Act of 1970 explicitly identifies "clean lakes" and eutrophication research, and supplemental funding was obtained in FY 1971 for this program. Pending legislation would increase the support for eutrophication work and greatly attenuate the restriction for con- ducting only research; that is, it would allow applications to nutrient polluted lakes. A-III-2^ ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328202: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - MULTIPLE SOURCES - COLD CLIMATE Objective The objective is to provide the basis for establishment of equitable and effective water quality criteria requirements and the tools (design information) to meet these water quality criteria requirements in cold climates. Description Unlike other parts of the Nation, Alaska water quality conditions (baseline) as they now exist are largely unknown. The tolerances of Arctic aquatic species to various forms of man-induced pollution are not well known and, in many cases, completely unknown. This makes water quality criteria difficult, if not impossible, to set. The Cold Climate Research Program provides the scientific basis for establishing these criteria. Waste treatment systems for Arctic application capable of handling practically any waste that man might introduce must be developed to provide any level of treatment up to that required for direct reuse. The Alaska laboratory is presently carrying out this program. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program interacts with all other EPA research and development programs. The program evaluates all environmental parameters in relation to extremely low temperatures. Interaction with Other Laboratories Liaison is maintained with all Federal agencies with activities in Alaska and with appropriate State agencies. A-III-25 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328200: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - MULTIPLE SOURCES (SPECIFICALLY 328203 AND 32820U) Objective This program is to develop and demonstrate technology for the improve- ment of water quality by means other than conventional wastewater treat- ment. This includes, but is not limited to: o Research on methods of modifying environmental conditions to minimize or reduce pollutional effects e Changes in product technology to eliminate or reduce pollutants o Techniques cf managing waste discharges and their receiving waters to minimize pollutional effects o Utilization of soil for the treatment of liquid wastes and sludge. Description The activities of the program are divided into four areas according to common methodology and objectives: Environmental Control Technology. Research seeks to provide the tech- nology to minimize or reduce pollutional effects through modification of environmental conditions such as in-stream aeration, reservoir destratification, biological manipulation, iri situ chemical treatment, and control of pollution from bottom sediments. Also under investigation are methodologies for minimizing pollutional effects by managing waste discharges or their receiving waters, by, for example, dispersion, detention, diversion, dilution, or flow regulation. Product Control Technology. Research is related to control of the development of phosphorus-free, detergents to reduce phosphorus pol- lution. Soil Treatment Technology. Research and development relates to utilization of soils for the treatment of liquid wastes and sludges. Research includes the adaptability of different soil systems to the treatment of various wastes, microbiological processes involving soil bacteria, physical-chemical interactions of pollutants with soils, development of the concepts of soil-sludge interactions, and development of design and operating criteria for practical applica- tion. A-III-26 ------- Biological Control Technology. Research is directed to development of treatment applications, environmental management, and ecological technology. This includes the development of nonconventional bio- logical mechanisms for treatment of point-source pollutants, devel- opment of regulatory mechanisms to achieve a greater measure of control of the aquatic food chain to diminish the adverse effects of non-point-source pollutants, and development of ecological tech- nology to maximize protection and utilization of aquatic resources. This program area is centered at Corvallis and Ada. *• Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interactions of this program are with the Office of Air and Water Programs in relation to treatment technology and with the Office of Enforcement and General Counsel in relation to pollution abatement activities. Interaction with Other Laboratories Primary liaison is maintained with the Corps of Engineers and USDA. A-III-27 ------- SUMMARY OF RESOURCES The attached resources tables include two major program increases due to (l) a projected comprehensive Health Effects Research Program and (2) the Water Pollution Control and Abatement Act now pending in Congress. The rationale for the Health Effects Program is essentially that all research in EPA should be evaluated against one of two criteria, (l) to provide health intelligence for regulatory action and (2) to quantify health benefits of environmental control. The major national environmental standards established by EPA have been principally based on evidence that adverse health effects are associated with uncontrolled pollution. Health intelligence provides EPA with inputs to select a control strategy designed to minimize adverse health effects at an exposure level which is socially acceptable and least costly. Having instituted a control strategy, EPA can assess the benefits of the in- curred costs by employing its health program to quantify health benefits of environmental control. Such results allow EPA to evaluate control actions and to make appropriate adjustments in control strategies in the light of documented health benefits. This action will assure the public that scarce resources are not wasted on misguided action programs that achieve control but not the intended benefits. In presenting EPA's rationale for health research, the prior mentioned criteria were used to assess EPA's health research needs and show what the present base program and an expanded program require. The attached resources tables include this expanded program. The proposed Water Pollution Control and Abatement Act, now before Congress, requires an acceleration and expansion of continuing programs for the prevention and abatement of water pollution. This includes studies relating to the causes, effects, extent, prevention, and abate- ment of water pollution as well as the treatment and control technology for minimizing or eliminating water pollution. This legislation specifically provides for programs for storm and combined sewer pollution control, municipal pollution control, indus- trial pollution control, joint municipal and industrial pollution con- trol, agricultural pollution control, mine water pollution control and oil and hazardous materials pollution control. The Act also provides for the study of social and economic costs and benefits, health and welfare effects, methods and procedures to identify and measure the effects of pollutants, studies in connection with the control of pol- lution of lakes, especially the Great Lakes, vessel pollution control, A-III-28 ------- pesticides pollution control, and methods of reducing the total flow of sewage. Finally, the Act requires programs for pollution control in rural and other areas where collection of sewage by conventional tech- niques is infeasible, such as an Alaskan Village water and sewage demonstration program. Table A-5a shows the present base programs, not including the pro- grams which would result from the proposed Water Pollution Control Abate- ment Act. Table A-Jb shows the present base programs plus the additional resources required to respond to the proposed Act. A-III-29 ------- TABLE A-3a LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING (excluding pending water legislation) NERC, CORVALLIS, OREG. Program Code - Facility 310204 - 310206 - 310206 - 310209 - 310301 - 310302 - 310303 - 310304 - 310401 - 310403 - 321101 - 321102 321103 - 321104 - 321105 - 321106 321107 - 321108 - 321109 - 321110 - 321111 - Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, Oreg. Duluth, Minn. Narragansett, R.I. Athens, Ga. Ada, Okla. Corvallis, Oreg. Grosse lie, Mich. Athens, Ga. Athens, Ga. Grosse lie, Mich Athens, Ga. Ada, Okla. Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, Oreg. Ada, Okla. Corvallis, Oreg. Athens, Ga. Ada, Okla. Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, Oreg. Athens, Ga. Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, Oreg. 221119 [Athens, Ga. 321113 Ada, Okla. Athens, Ga. |Ada, OKia. 322102 -jcorvallis, Oreg. 322103 -ICorvallis, Oreg. FY72 $1000 0 313 4383 4452 856 378 1485 1028 429 458 290 883 75 626.7 175 871.1 0 50 511.4 100 0 278 703.4 204 200 M/Y 0 5 70 54 15 9 15 7 11 8 3 5 0 5 1 14 0 0 1 0 0 4 4 3 2 FY73 $1000 100 304 4036 3865 1000 450 1650 1150 473 625 365 1025 250 700 375 775 150 250 700 125 150 325 858 175 125 M/Y 2 6 76 59 15 9 15 7 12 9 3 5 0 5 1 14 0 0 1 0 0 4 4 3 2 FY74 $1000 170 6743 4524 1100 1470 4225 2900 497 700 402 1128 263 770 394 853 158 263 735 131 158 358 944 184 131 M/Y 4 90 64 21 15 21 12 12 10 3 5 0 5 1 15 0 0 1 0 0 4 4 3 2 FY75 $1000 200 7828 5183 1250 2222 6300 2300 521 775 442 1240 276 847 413 938 165 276 772 138 165 393 1038 193 138 M/Y 5 97 70 24 20 24 15 12 11 3 6 0 6 1 15 0 0 1 0 0 4 4 3 2 FY76 $1000 200 8913 5842 1400 2850 8185 2400 548 850 486 1364 289 932 434 1032 174 289 810 145 174 433 1142 203 145 M/Y 5 105 76 27 25 27 20 12 12 3 6 0 6 1 16 0 0 1 0 0 5 5 3 2 FY77 $1000 200 10,000 6500 1600 3375 9700 2500 575 925 534 1500 304 1025 456 1135 182 304 851 152 182 476 1256 213 152 M/Y 5 112 81 30 30 30 25 12 13 4 6 0 6 1 17 0 0 1 0 0 5 5 3 2 I H H H ------- TABLE A-3a (continued) Program Code - Facility 323101 - Corvallis, Oreg. 323102 - Athens, Ga. 323103 - Ada, Okla. 323104 1 .* - 1 AQ3.} UKJ.3* 323106 - Corvallis, Oreg. 324105 - Athens, Ga. 328201 - Corvallis, Oreg. 328202 - College, Alaska 328203 - Ada, Okla. 328204 - Corvallis, Oreg. 510102 - Gulf Breeze, Fla. 110202 - Corvallis, Oreg. 310209 Is* Cal±f- (Proposed) 1 Gulf 'Breeze, Fla. 972331 Narragansett, R.I. 972342 Athens, Ga. 972332 Duluth, Minn. 972343 Ada, Okla. 972344 Corvallis, Oreg. 972345 College, Alaska 972352 Gulf Breeze, Fla. FY72 $1000 100 406.3 1105 1132.5 0 222 2101 1019 1004 674 723.7 — 440 388 378 404 210 91 56 M/Y 0 2 3 6 0 1 18 12 11 8 34 — — 22 16 21 17 25 4 4 FY73 $1000 100 403 1025 1075 133.2 22 2658 1022.3 1001 1494.4 1100 2000 250 462 407 397 424 625 96 59 M/Y 0 2 3 6 0 1 21 12 11 8 40 10 1 22 16 21 17 25 4 4 FY74 $1000 105 423 1076 1182 140 222 4400 1073 1050 4100 1325 750 2000 500 485 428 417 445 840 100 62 M/Y 0 2 3 6 0 1 23 12 11 19 48 12 10 2 22 16 21 17 28 4 4 FY75 $1000 110 444 1130 1301 147 233 6325 1127 1103 5600 1600 1000 2000 750 509 449 438 468 930 105 65 M/Y 0 2 3 7 0 1 25 12 11 19 58 13 10 3 22 16 21 17 31 4 4 FY76 $1000 116 467 1187 1431 154 245 8185 1183 1158 7600 1700 1000 2000 1000 535 472 459 491 1020 111 68 M/Y 0 2 3 7 0 1 27 12 11 19 60 14 10 3 22 16 21 17 34 4 4 FY77 $1000 122 490 1246 1574 162 257 9635 1243 1216 7600 2100 1000 2000 1500 562 495 482 516 1110 116 71 M/Y 0 2 3 7 0 1 27 12 11 19 72 15 10 3 22 16 21 17 37 4 4 H H H H ------- TABLE A-3b LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING (including pending water legislation) NERC, CORVALLIS, OREG. Program Code - 310204 - 310206 - 310206 - 310209 - 310301 - 310302 - 310303 - 310304 - 310401 - 310403 - 321101 - 321102 321103 - 321104 - 321105 - 321106 321107 - 321108 - 321109 - 321110 - 321111 - Facility Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, -Oreg. Duluth, Minn. Narragansett, R.I. Athens , Ga . Ada, Okla. Corvallis, Oreg. Grosse lie, Athens, Ga. Athens, Ga. Grosse lie, Athens, Ga. Ada, Okla. Mich Mich Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, Oreg. Ada, Okla. Corvallis, Oreg. Athens, Ga. Ada, Okla. Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, Oreg. Athens, Ga. Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, Oreg. 321112 lAthens.'.Ga- 321113 322102 - 322103 - (Ada, Okla. Athens , Ga . Ada, Okla. Corvallis, Oreg. Corvallis, Oreg. FY72 $1000 313 4383 4452 856 378 1485 1028 429 458 290 883 75 626.7 175 871.1 0 50 511.4 100 278 703.4 204 200 M/Y 5 7 54 15 9 15 7 11 8 3 5 0 5 1 14 0 0 1 0 4 4 3 2 FY73 $1000 100 604 8586 7500 1950 1475 5450 2900 873 925 1365 2575 500 2550 1450 3600 600 1200 2400 500 600 1200 2092 175 125 M/Y 2 16 112 97 30 14 30 12 22 15 23 20 3 35 8 50 5 12 6 5 3 12 14 3 2 FY74 $1000 1170 10,496 10,000 2650 2625 7200 3000 997 1050 1402 3422 700 3600 2100 5200 850 1750 3400 700 850 1700 2456 184 131 M/Y 7 132 102 34 20 60 15 24 17 28 25 3 36 10 52 6 15 7 7 3 16 16 3 2 FY75 $1000 1200 11,025 10,000 3800 2850 9310 3100 1021 1175 2442 4260 902 4750 2695 6800 1150 2250 4600 900 1150 2300 2662 193 138 M/Y 8 133 109 34 25 72 20 25 20 30 28 4 44 11 65 7 18 10 9 5 17 19 3 2 FY76 $1000 1200 11,576 10,094 4600 3375 11,010 3200 998 1150 2286 3286 850 4450 2550 6350 1050 2100 4250 850 1050 2100 2758 203 145 M/Y 8 130 118 42 30 82 25 25 21 30 31 4 44 12 66 7 18 10 9 5 16 20 3 2 FY77 $1000 1200 12,149 10,000 4800 3500 11,200 3300 975 1125 2034 3050 750 3900 2252 5600 925 1850 4700 750 925 1860 2494 213 152 M/Y 8 133 118 50 33 90 28 25 22 31 31 4 44 12 69 7 18 10 9 6 16 20 3 2 I H H H ro ------- TABLE A-3b (continued) Program Code - Facility 323101 - Corvallis, Oreg. 323102 - Athens, Ga. 323103 - Ada, Okla. 323104 1 Athens, Ga. lAda, Okla. 323106 - Corvallis, Oreg. 324105 - Athens, Ga. 328201 - Corvallis, Oreg. 328202 - College, Alaska 328203 - Ada, Okla. 328204 - Corvallis, Oreg. 510102 - Gulf Breeze , Fla. 110202 - Corvallis, Oreg. 310209 1^' Calif. (Proposed) iGulf Breeze, Fla. 972331 - Narragansett, R.I. 972342 - Athens, Ga. 972332 - Duluth, Minn. 972343 - Ada, Okla. 972344 - Corvallis, Oreg. 972345 - College, Alaska 972352 - Gulf Breeze , Fla. FY72 $1000 100 406.3 1105 1132.5 222 2101 1019 1004 674 723.7 440 388 378 404 210 91 56 M/Y 0 2 3 6 1 18 12 11 8 34 22 16 21 17 25 4 4 FY73 $1000 400 1853 4525 6575 533.2 22 2658 2022.3 3001 2800.4 1400 2000 250 462 407 397 424 625 96 59 M/Y 6 20 15 26 2 1 21 16 21 9 40 10 1 22 16 21 17 25 4 4 FY74 $1000 605 2423 7076 7182 2140 222 4400 873 4050 4100 1725 750 2000 500 485 428 417 445 840 100 62 M/Y 6 20 15 26 2 1 23 12 26 19 48 12 10 2 22 16 21 17 28 4 4 FY75 $1000 1110 5444 5630 6801 3147 233 6325 827 4103 5600 2100 1000 2000 750 509 449 438 468 930 105 65 M/Y 6 20 15 27 2 1 25 12 26 19 58 13 10 3 22 16 21 17 31 4 4 FY76 $1000 1116 5467 5687 6931 3154 245 8185 683 3158 7600 2200 1000 2000 1000 535 472 459 491 1020 111 68 M/Y 6 20 15 27 2 1 27 10 26 19 60 14 10 3 22 16 21 17 34 4 4 FY77 $1000 1122 5490 5746 7074 3162 257 9635 543 2216 7600 2600 1000 2000 1500 562 495 482 516 1110 116 71 M/Y 6 20 15 27 2 1 27 9 21 19 72 15 10 3 22 16 21 17 37 4 4 1 H H H ------- SECTION IV: WESTERN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY (LAS VEGAS, NEV.) The principal mission of the Western Environmental Research Labora- tory (WERL), Las Vegas, Nev., is to study and assess the impact of pollutants as they move and are transferred in the environment; emphasis is on pathways to man. The laboratory effort is especially directed towards those studies which elucidate the processes, physical, chemical, and biological, by which pollutants are transported through the biosphere to man as the receptor. Research is also directed towards counter- measures which can prevent or minimize potential adverse effects. Some of WERL's activities are supervised by the Office of Categorical Programs (see Appendix B). Monitoring efforts at WERL include providing aerial remote sensing and sampling in cooperation with the NERC's and Regional Offices for water pollution source identification, terrestrial evaluation, and air pollution sampling and tracking. WERL is also responsible for the opera- tional conduct of the National Eutrophication Study field survey involving approximately 1,000 lakes across the United States. WERL maintains long term continuous monitoring networks in the western United States in connection with AEC nuclear testing activities, conducts special investigations such as the uranium mill tailings study in western states, and surveys nuclear facilities located across the country. The elements entitled The Studies of Radiation Effects and Radiation Pathways call for lab and field investigations to ascertain the potential hazard from selected radionuclides that might be released to the environ- ment from nuclear testing activities, weapons fabrication, and other nuclear sources. An animal farm is maintained to permit studies of the nature of the exposure and subsequent ingestion of radionuclides by selected animal species. Studies of the metabolism of such radionuclides is especially considered. Soil-plant relationships in the transport of radionuclides to animals and man are examined. Laboratory analogs to the ecosystem are established for controlled experimentation of the source transport processes found in nature. Emphasis is placed on those specific nuclides such as tritium and plu- tonium which are of the greatest current and future possible concern to A-IV-1 ------- man. Beginning in FY73> new studies will be started on environmental transport processes of chemical pollutants, in addition to on-going research in the field of radiation. These new studies will also be an extension of investigations concerned with the effects of environmental stressors upon the terrestrial ecosystem. The new programs would interface with studies at KERC-RTP and NERC-Corvallis. A-IV-2 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 32610A: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS - RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILL Objective The objective is to provide emergency response to support the Oil and Hazardous Materials Division, Office of Air and Water Programs, in monitoring and evaluation of hazardous polluting substances in water- courses on a nationwide basis. Description The Water Quality Improvement Act of 1970, Section 12, specifically directs EPA to designate as hazardous substances, other than oil as defined in Section 11 of the Act, such elements and compounds, which, when discharged in any quantity into or upon the navigable waters of the United States or adjoining shorelines, or the waters of the contiguous zone, present an imminent and substantial danger to the public health or welfare, including, but not limited to, fish, shellfish, wildlife, shore- lines, and beaches; and establish, if appropriate, recommended methods and means for the removal of such substances. .Using a C-12J aircraft, a specialized team of WERL personnel will be prepared to fly, with field equipment (including boats or ground vehicles) and a mobile laboratory, to oil and hazardous spill locations to assess rapidly the situation so that effective control or corrective measures can be taken. .Aerial remote sensing techniques would be used to identify extent of spills, and ground teams would be deployed to col- lect samples and make direct measurements of the polluting substance. Relationship to Other EPA Programs There is operational response to the Oil and Hazardous Materials Division, and interplay with all Regional Offices. A-IV-3 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328206: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION - MULTIPLE SOURCES - LAKE SURVEY Objectives EPA has been assigned responsibilities for developing and demonstra- ting eutrophication control and restoration procedures including: e Development of technology to control and reverse the eutrophication process e Development of methods for characterizing the degree of eutrophication in bodies of water and for predicting the impact of nutrient sources on the eutrophication of natural waters o Demonstration of restoration of eutrophic lakes. In order to determine the extent of the lake eutrophication problem throughout the United States, WERL will survey approximately 1,000 lakes across the United States which receive sewage treatment plant effluents to gather data on various physical and chemical parameters relating to lake eutrophication. Description Field teams using amphibious aircraft will collect remote sensing data (using differential radiometers) over each lake identifying chlorophyll si content. Samples will be collected and measurements made of dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, temperature, and pH. Immediate analysis will be made in a mobile field laboratory and the samples then sent to WERL for further nutrient analyses. Data will be processed at the WERL for STORET storage and forwarding to the NERC- Corvallis for nutrient balance and control measure analyses. Relationahip to Other EPA Programs This program will be coordinated closely with NERC-Corvallis which has responsibility of identifying lakes to be surveyed and for ultimate data evaluation. Interaction with the Office of Water Programs and Regional Offices will also be necessary in making the field surveys. A-IV-k ------- PROGRAM CODE: unassigned: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION - EPA AERIAL MONITORING PROGRAM Objective The surveillance and enforcement responsibilities of EPA require that environmental pollutants from a number of sources be rapidly identified and evaluated. In addition, the pollutants must be identified by source in order to assign responsibility for the pollution. Aerial surveillance provides the flexibility to perform both source-oriented and area surveillance in the most timely manner. The equipment used has application in air, water, and terrestrial surveillance, allowing economy in equipping surveillance aircraft and centralization of an aerial surveillance facility to serve all disciplines. WERL will pro- vide, on a national basis, aerial remote sensing, sampling, and detection support to EPA Regional Offices, NERC's and other program offices for pol- lution source identification, monitoring, and documentation. Description The proposed project will provide the aircraft and instrumentation capability to perform surveillance of air, water, and terrestrial pol- lutants including radioactive, toxic, noxious, and thermal wastes. This surveillance will incorporate direct aerial measurement on a real-time basis while flying through contaminated air masses, remote passive measurements of pollutants in all three media using multispectral scanning and aerial photography, active remote measurement using micro- wave scanning and tuneable laser LIDAR, and collection of pertinent samples. Helicopter capability will be added to the current fixed wing aircraft capability to permit acquiring extensive ground truth and sea truth measurements and samples concurrently with remote sensing data acquisition. Using aircraft and techniques of aerial sampling and contaminant detection, WERL will perform monitoring activities and collect necessary environmental samples for the assessment of existing and potential pollution problem areas as required. Data will be analyzed and reported on a rapid basis so that indicated corrective or enforcement action can be taken. Relationship to Other EPA Programs There is operational response and interplay with all Regional Offices, NERC's, Office of Categorical Programs, Office of Air and Water Programs, and Office of Enforcement and General Counsel. A-IV-5 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610202: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - RADIATION - RESEARCH - RADIATION EFFECTS - EXPERIMENTAL RADIONUCLIDE STUDIES Objectives The objectives of this program are to determine some of the environ- mental characteristics and biological effects of a wide spectrum of important radionuclides such as tritium, plutonium, and transuranic elements that are actual or potential environmental contaminants. It is essential to have a productive, mission-oriented radionuclide research program of broad scope in order to assist EPA in setting Environmental Radiation Standards. Basic scientific information is needed to indicate types of effects to be expected from various levels of radionuclides in the environment. Description Attempts to attain these objectives will be pursued primarily through definition of the dose-effect relationships of low-levels of environmental radiation in a variety of animal species, with long-term observation of exposed animals for radiation-induced teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis. The results of this program will be a series of reports on the biological and physicochemical effects of specific environmental radionuclides on various stages of the ecosystem. Relationship to EPA Programs The efforts of this program would require coordination with, and provide information of value to, the Office of Radiation Programs and the Office of Air Programs for tritium, plutonium, and the transuranic elements. Interaction with Other Laboratories Extramural relationships of this program should involve: AEC - Division of Biology and Medicine and Division of Operational Safety, NASA, National Institutes of Health, and State fish and game agencies. A-IV-6 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 6l020k: EWIROWMENTAL STANDARDS - RADIATION - RESEARCH - RADIATION EFFECTS - MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS STUDIES Objectives The objectives are: e To determine synergistic effects of various combinations of pollutants, such as lung exposure to sub-carcinogenic alpha radiation when combined with cigarette smoking. Is it more carcinogenic than cigarette smoking alone?. e To determine the effect of the normal radionuclide content of tobacco on lung carcinogenesis. Description Laboratory experiments have investigated a possible synergism between the inhalation of cigarette smoke, which contains tar products, and alpha radiation as a result of the presence of naturally occurring polonium-210 in tobacco. Other possible synergisms such as radiation and pesticides, radiation and atmospheric gaseous pollutants, and other combinations will be investigated in a similar manner. Rats are used as-the smoking animal, and the inhalation continues until the animals die of natural causes. The development of cancer is the end point. The significance of these studies is beyond the health effects of smoking because the combination of a chemical carcinogen and radiation .occurs in the uranium mines and certain studies. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Coordination with,the Office of Radiation Programs will assist that program to establish appropriate standards for uranium miners. Interaction with Other Laboratories This program is closely related with ongoing health effect research at NERC-RTP. A-IV-T ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610205: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - RADIATION - RESEARCH - RADIATION EFFECTS - AEC RADIATION EFFECTS PROGRAM Objectives The objective is to assess potential hazard to humans and the environment resulting from nuclear weapons testing. Description The potential hazards from selected radionuclides such as might be released to the environment from nuclear sources (for example, testing activities and nuclear reactors) are investigated in the laboratory and in the field. Radionuclide metabolism in beef and dairy animals and in plants, soil-plant relationships, transport and deposition parameters, and analytical methodology development are included in this project. Research studies conducted under this project serve to provide data of current interest to the AEC nuclear testing program at the Nevada Test Site. Establishment of testing criteria and radiation protection standards requires the understanding of the behavior of selected radio- nuclides in man's food chain and in his environment. The environmental impact of certain long-lived radionuclides, such as plutonium, requires particular attention as the dose commitment assumes significant importance as the short-lived species become less prevalent. The laboratory green- house facilities, microplots, and farm and dairy facilities are used in this project. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Results will have concurrent application to air pollution, water pollution, and radiation programs. Coordination with the WERL Off- Site Radiological Safety Program is required. Interaction with Other Laboratories Coordination will be required with the Nevada Applied Ecology Group and the Office of Effects Evaluation, Nevada Operations Office, AEC. A-IV-8 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610301: EWIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - RESEARCH - ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS - RADIATION PATHWAY STUDIES Objectives This program will investigate, through field and laboratory research, the behavior, movement, and fate of radionuclides in the aquatic, terrestrial, and air environments for the purpose of assessing the radiation dose to man. Description Laboratory studies will investigate pathways by which radionuclides such as 2?9pu, 55pe, ^-29i, and tritium move through the environment to man. These investigations will deal primarily with metabolic studies concerned with uptake of select radionuclides by specific environmental media, particularly living organisms. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Since the program on radiation pathway studies deals primarily with behavior of radioactive materials in the aquatic, terrestrial, and air environments, coordination with the Office of Air and Water Programs will be required where radiation exposure to man is of concern. Coordination with the Office of Radiation Programs will assist in identifying problem areas in which research is required and will also permit appropriate research data to be used in defining radiation standards. Interaction with Other Laboratories Coordination may also be required with State agencies concerned with environmental radiation matter as well as with Federal and private organi- zations. Currently, coordination has "been identified with the following: DREW (PHS hospitals), for samples of human tissue to be used in determining isotope effect of tritium USDA (Forest Service) and Department of the Interior (Bureau of Land Management), for guidance in conducting soil plant uptake studies to assess concentration of radionuclides in plants A-IV-9 ------- AEG, for assistance and coordination of field studies conducted at AEG nuclear power installations and other related facilities such as fuel reprocessing plants State and Federal fish and game agencies, for any coordination required in conducting uptake studies involving aquatic and terrestrial wildlife Baylor College of Medicine, for follow-up studies on excretion of tritium by patients who received tritiated compounds in support of laboratory studies on the behavior of tritium in humans. A-IV-10 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610J502: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - RADIATION - RESEARCH - ENVIRONMENTAL INTERACTIONS - AEG ANIMAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAM Objectives The over-all objective is to evaluate the uptake and distribution of radionuclides in tissue and bone samples from domestic and game animals in the environs of nuclear testing and to investigate claims of radiation damage to animals. Special objectives include: o Determination of tissue concentration of fresh or aged fission and activation products in bovine and wildlife which range on and around the Nevada Test Site o Evaluation of migration patterns of wild animals on the Nevada Test Site as related to environmental parameters, for example, season precipitation c Evaluation of radiation effect on beef animals grazing at the Nevada Test Site. Description The radionuclide distribution in animals that are potential components of man's food chain will be studied. Alleged damage to domestic animals from AEC activities will be investigated. AEG is continually subjected to allegations of radiation injury to animals as a result of testing activities. Veterinary services are provided in this project to investigate those claims. In addition, sur- veillance of domestic and game animals in areas adjacent to nuclear testing sites for a variety of radionuclides is required to provide information on the uptake and distribution of certain radionuclides in animals and to serve as input into nuclear design and testing criteria. Bovine samples are collected from the beef herd ranging on the Nevada Test Site as well as from animals purchased from ranchers in the near off- site areas. Mule deer are sampled from periodic hunts as are other species, for example, doves, chukar, ducks, and an occasional road kill of such animals as desert bighorn sheep. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Results will have concurrent application to air pollution, water pollution, and radiation effects programs. Coordination with the State fish and game agencies and the WERL Off-Site Radiological Surveillance Program will be required. A-IV-11 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories Coordination is required with the Office of Effects Evaluation, Nevada Operations Office, AEG. A-IV-12 ------- SUMMARY OF RESOURCES The following table summarizes the projected resources (man-years and dollars) for programs at WERL. This is the base program; pending legislation, such as the Water Pollution Control and Abatement Act now before Congress, should have little immediate effect on the pro- grams at WERE, and thus only one summary table Is presented. A-IV-1J ------- TABLE A-4 LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND MONITORING WERL, LAS VEGAS, NEV. Program Code 110202 32610A 328206 610202 6102 ok 610301 6l0205GP5a 6l0302GP5a Aerial Surveillance 972362 New research programs FY72 $1000 M/Y 218 6 628.5 10 68 2 88 3 232 11 380 23 65 1* — 680 20 150 7 FY73 $1000 M/Y 500 10 530 15 806 23 67 4 107 6 378 12 131 3 44 2 300 10 750 22 1457 4l FY74 $1000 M/Y 975 12 560 15 391 18 108 5 203 6 517 13 144 3 48 2 287 10 840 23 2280 46 FY75 $1000 M/Y 1300 13 592 15 200 10 125 6 220 8 542 13 158 3 50 2 297 10 870 24 2408 49 FY76 $1000 M/Y 1300 14 625 15 210 10 130 7 218 9 569 14 174 3 52 2 307 10 900 25 2600 54 FY77 $1000 M/Y 1300 15 660 15 220 10 134 8 226 11 596 15 191 3 55 2 317 10 930 25 2740 59 Reimbursable programs - funded by AEG Program elements to be assigned ------- APPENDIX B Office of Categorical Programs ------- The Office of Categorical Programs (OOP) has laboratory- respon- sibilities in pesticides, solid wastes, and radiation. These respon- sibilities are discussed by program code numbers. The resource require- ments for each, in terms of dollars and man-years for fiscal 1972 through 1977, are grouped at the end of the appendix. B-l ------- Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interactions of the laboratory portion of this program are with the Office of Research and Monitoring, especially Perrine Primate Laboratory and Chamblee Toxicology Laboratory for counsel in analytical methodology. Constraints Petitions have a statutory time limit that provides for up to 15 days to determine acceptability for filing, up to 60 days from filing to determine usefulness of the pesticide for the purpose proposed, and up to 90 days from the certification of usefulness to take final action. Interaction with Other Laboratories All methods of residue determination must "be validated in two laboratories. One laboratory is in the Office of Pesticides Programs and the other is any one of the many FDA regional laboratories. These labs are used since FDA has responsibility for surveillance and enforce- ment of pesticide residue tolerances. B-I-2 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 521^02: ABATEMENT AMD CONTROL-PESTICIDES-PRODUCT SURVEILLANCE-SAMPLE ANALYSIS Objectives The objectives are to test and report on surveillance product samples on a current basis, to develop new or improved test methods, and to re- examine methodology related to renewal registrations. Description Section 6 of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act for FY 1972, plus Sections 3 through 7 of the proposed Federal Environ- mental Pesticide Control Act of 1971 for fiscal years 1973-77, indicate a need to develop conclusive evidence on content safety, and effectiveness of pesticide products as the basis for regulatory actions under these Acts. At the present time the content of active ingredient is determined on approximately 6,000 officially-collected samples annually. About 35 percent of the samples are screened for pesticide contaminants such as chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides like DDT and dieldrin, and organophosphorus pesticides like malathion and parathion. Screening for other toxic contaminants such as arsenic, mercury, and dioxins will be increased when methodology is de- veloped. These analyses are carried out in five chemistry laboratories located in Beltsville, Md. (Region III), New York, N.Y. (Region II), Gulfport, Miss. (Region IV), Denver, Colo. (Region VIIl), and San Francisco, Calif. (Region EC). Present safety testing is confined to mammalian toxicity. About 15 percent (l, 000) of samples collected are tested, and most of these only on oral toxicity screening tests. Biological effectiveness testing takes 30 percent of present samples collected. Major areas of pesticide prod- ucts are not tested at all, can no longer be tested (due to limitations in personnel and laboratories), or are only in the methods development stages: animal repellents, invertebrate controls, livestock insecticides, stored-product insecticides, crop insecticides, plant regulators, nemati- cides, and viricides. This work is carried out at Beltsville, Md. (animal biology, plant biology, entomology, microbiology, and pharmacology) and Corvallis, Oreg. (plant biology) (Region X). Samples analyzed and tested are from batches offered to the public. Analytical and test data on samples are important to prevent injury to humans and other organisms in the environment. Laboratory evidence will also prevent use of ineffective products which might result in severe disease infestations and epidemics, unsafe living conditions, crop fail- ures, food shortages, unsaleable food products, and other undesirable situations. B-I-3 ------- Reports of tests and analytical results are the basis for determin- ing product compliance with existing Federal regulations. Results are used as evidence to institute civil or criminal proceedings and notices of warning. New and improved methods for product testing and analysis will be developed concerning such areas as safety to man, animals, and plants; illegal residues; minimum dosage rates for safe and effective usage; and environmental contamination. Research information supports registration and enforcement decisions. Priorities The priority of this program is 1.1. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Interaction with Office of Research and Monitoring will be critical on: residue toxicology; effects studies on human exposure, crops, and plant life; pesticide degradation as related to residue profile studies of the soil, estuarine and marine organisms, occupational groups, and urban and rural communities. The needs developing from label reviews, toler- ance setting, and administrative actions on marketed pesticides will re- quire complementary studies and input to monitoring studies. Constraints The possible transfer of four of the chemistry labs to Regions II, IV, VIII, and DC could change growth figures. The physical move of the chemistry laboratory from Gulfport to the Mississippi Test Facility in Bay St. Louis will put this lab into a location with good expansion po- tential. Interaction with Other Laboratories These laboratories provide assistance to State and local organi- zations wherever possible in support of accident investigations and other problems involving pesticides. B-I-4 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 510502: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-PESTICIDES-ENVIRON- MENTAL SURVEILLANCE-RESIDUE PROFILES Objectives The objectives are to determine levels, trends, and other character- istics of pesticides, heavy metals, and other related material in soils of major land use areas and major urban areas, in crops grown on these soils, and other related environmental media; and to continue under current author- ities, the National Soils Monitoring Program and other special studies in 36 States and 15 urban areas. Soil samples, run-off water, and silt will be analyzed for chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and lead. An additional two studies will be carried out to study movement of pesticides from the soil to nontarget plants and animals. Description Monitoring the environment to determine the characteristics and degree of pesticide and other pollution is an integral part of the effort to preserve environmental quality. The Federal Environmental Pesticide Control Act directs formulation of a national plan for moni- toring pesticides and authorizes monitoring and surveillance in air, soil, water, man, plants, and animals. The soil, because of its ability to hold and release pesticides over long periods of time, is an important environmental concern. Special soil studies are done when problem areas are identified either from the National Soils Monitoring Program or are referred by other agencies. The laboratory is located in Gulfport, Miss. This program involves 13,300 randomly selected sites, of which 3>325 are sampled each year and resampled every fifth year. They represent 0.25 percent of all the United States cropland and 0.0025 percent of the noncrop- land. When fully implemented in FY 197^, this program will provide more precision than has ever been possible in documenting the amounts, kinds, persistence, movement, and fate of pesticides in the United States. These findings will have a direct bearing on the pesticide registra- tion process. They will be a major contribution to the determination and interpretation of effects research. They will provide early identification of gross contamination or significant magnification of residues in both terrestrial and aquatic food chains. And, finally, they will provide a sound basis for correlating environmental dose and effects on humans and other nontarget organisms. Priorities The priority of this program is 1.1. B-I-5 ------- Relationship to Other EPA Programs Close coordination is required with other laboratories in this Office, the Office of Water Programs, and the Office of Research and Monitoring in analytical methodology, quality control, and instru- mental sharing. Constraints The Plant Protection Division of USDA is reimbursed for the col- lection of soil samples. The heavy metal analysis of soil samples and nontarget terrestrial plants and animals is performed under contract to a private laboratory. The move from the present location in Gulfport to the Mississippi Test Facility will increase the growth potential of the program. B-I-6 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 530602: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-PESTICIEDS-PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND MANPOWER PLANNING-SPECIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT Objectives The objectives are to develop analytical competence in regional and State product analysis laboratories and to have standardized pesticide residue methodology. Description The new Pesticides Act makes provision for State surveillance to insure that the purposes of these sections on pesticide applicators and pesticide management consultants are fully met. Working with the States on these problems requires special skills for regional pesti- cides representatives and special skills development for State control officials. Also, when implementing the new Act, as well as the Public Health Act, Title 42 as related to surveillance activities, formal training is needed through resident courses on laboratory methodology and epidemiological aspects of pesticides usage. The enforcement of Federal regulations for pollution control requires dependable and valid data. State and local control.agencies share in these same requirements when court actions are involved within their political subdivisions. Uniform State actions and upgrading State and local competence, in- cluding development of analytical competence and adoption of standard- ized methodology, will result in multiple benefits in improved usage and control. Regional pesticide representatives will be given special training and will be the nucleus for subsequent training consultation for the States. Special laboratory and epidemiological courses will be prepared at Perrine, Fla., the Regions, and field locations. Consultative services will be given to State control agencies, other Federal agencies, and industrial organizations subject to regulatory control of pesticides and their wastes and containers. Technical training will be provided for formal resident and field courses in the definition, characteristics, toxicity, and general back- ground data of pesticide compounds; minor repair of analytical equip- ment and instrumentation; and methodology for analysis of pesticide residues. Priorities The priority of this program is 2.1. B-I-T ------- Relationship to Other EPA Programs Since the courses will be at Perrine, Fla., there will be close cooperation with the Office of Research and Monitoring. Training in operation of laboratory instruments and equipment, as well as in fundamentals of methodology, can be applied to requirements in other EPA programs such as water, solid wastes, and the Regional Laboratories. Interaction with Other Laboratories The chemist training program is designed to assist State agencies in training the staff they will need to assist in the administration of the new Pesticide Act. B-I-8 ------- SECTION II: OFFICE OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS The laboratory responsibility of the Office of Solid Waste Manage- ment Programs is to provide support for its technical assistance activities. Facility Information Location Cincinnati, Ohio EPA Region N/A (Considered part of HDA) Former Organization Bureau of Solid Waste Management, PHS Number of Buildings 1 Leased One building Type of Construction Masonry Net Useable Program Space 1400 B-II-1 ------- PROGRAM CODE: ^30200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL FLAMING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-SOLID WASTES-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to support field activities of the Office by providing analytical laboratory support. The laboratory, located in Cincinnati, conducts analysis of solid waste management materials and other materials and substances resulting from solid waste management treatment and disposal processes. The laboratory also assists States in establishing laboratory requirements for their programs. Priority The priority of this program is 1.1. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The laboratory cooperates with Research Services, Solid Waste Research of the Office of Research and Monitoring on analytical pro- cedures, and also with the Office of Water Programs on analysis of selected materials. Interaction with Other Laboratories The laboratory provides analytical guidance for State, local, and industrial laboratories. B-II-2 ------- SECTION III: OFFICE OF RADIATION PROGRAMS The laboratory activities of the Office of Radiation Programs are carried out at four separate locations. CINCINNATI, OHIO PROGRAM CODE: 621F01: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-RADIATION-SPECIAL STUDIES-NUCLEAR POWER FACILITIES Objectives This special study determines the dose delivered to the critical populations living in the vicinity of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and measures the effect of the dose on parameters such as discharge concentrations, intake concentrations, and the distribution and habits of the population. Description The study examines pathways and special population groups at risk. It determines intake parameters of quantity and concentration. Both demographic and intake surveys related to these critical pathways are involved. Priorities The priority of this study is l.h. B-III-1 ------- EASTERN ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION LABORATORY (MONTGOMERY, ALA.) Eastern Environmental Radiation Laboratory (EERL) in Montgomery, Ala., serves as a technical and scientific resource to the south- eastern States. It conducts environmental surveillance, assists State, Federal, and international agencies in the operation of radiological monitoring programs, and develops and improves methods for the deter- mination of specific radionuclides found in the environment. Facility Information Location EPA Region Former Organization Number of Buildings Number of Complexes EPA Owned Leased Type of Construction Net Usable Program Space, Current Employee Strength Maximum Employees Housed ft,* Montgomery, Ala. Region IV Bureau of Radiological Health, PHS 28 1 Buildings Land (ll.6 acres) Wood 50,000 TO 125 B-III-2 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610501: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS -RAD 1ATI ON-ENVIRON- MENTAL SURVEILLANCE-NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION-MONITORING PROGRAM Objective The objective is to provide a continuing record of the levels of environmental radioactivity and data from which to make a continuing evaluation of the national population radiation exposure from environ- mental sources. Description This project analyzes samples from the eastern part of the United States from our established networks (Pasteurized Milk Network, Insti- tutional Total Diet Network, Tritium Surveillance Network), and reports data in suitable form for publication in Radiation Data Reports. Priorities The priority of this project is 1.2. Relationship to Other EPA Programs A proposed project will use the Networks as a mechanism for obtaining data necessary to isolate and identify pesticides and other toxic elements. Interstate carrier water samples are analyzed for the Office of Water Programs. This project also uses data from the Radiation Alert Network of the Office of Air Programs. Interaction with Other Laboratories This project analyzes samples from State laboratories and provides them with quality control services. Constraints Samples come only from eastern part of the United States. B-III-3 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 621801: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-RADIATION-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE-ASSISTANCE TO GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (EPA APPROPRIA- TIONS) Objective This project provides off-site monitoring capabilities for the NASA Pioneer Program. It will assess potential hazards to the general public if radioactive material is released to the environs during launch operation at the Eastern Test Range, Cape Kennedy, Fla., when Space Nuclear Auxiliary Power devices are used as a source of power. Description The project is to establish the capability for the total environ- mental monitoring of 238Pu in air, water, vegetation, and soil, as well as to assess the hazard to the general public in event of the off- site release of 238Pu. It will develop emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a release and provide for coordination with the Florida State Health Department. Priorities The priority of this project is 1.3- Constraints The project is limited in general to activities in Florida. B-III-U ------- PROGRAM CODE: 621F01: ABATEMENT AND COWTROL-RADIATION-SPECIAL STUDIES-NUCLEAR POWER FACILITIES Objective This special study measures and evaluates the release and buildup of radionuclides from a nuclear power facility into an impounded cooling lake. Description Following waste releases from the reactor, a composited sample is collected of all liquid waste discharged to the condenser cooling water in batch releases. The lake is sampled in detail so as to describe the distribution of radionuclides throughout the system. Priorities The priority of this project is 1.1. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Coordination is required with the Radiochemistry and Nuclear Engineering Branch of the Office of Research and Monitoring. Constraints Study is confined to one area of country at this time. B-III-5 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 630603: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-RADIATION-PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND MAN- POWER PLANNING-DIRECT TRAINING Objective The objective is to provide, on a national basis, a series of regularly scheduled courses in environmental radiation surveillance and protection designed to increase the competencies of personnel working in the profession, train new personnel, and serve as a mechanism for disseminating the philosophy, policies, and goals of the Office of Radiation Programs. Description Training will be provided in the form of short-term courses to members of all agencies having programs concerning the environmental impact of radiation in an effort to help reduce and control man's ex- posure. Priorities The priority of this project is l.k. Relationship to Other Programs There are many types of training courses that could be conducted with the other training programs in EPA. Courses such as basic statis- tics, environmental statistics, and basic physiological responses to the environment are basic to all training programs. B-III-6 ------- NORTHEASTERN RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH LABORATORY (WINCHESTER, MASS.) The Northeastern Radiological Health Laboratory (NERHL) in Winchester, Mass., serves as a technical and scientific resource to most of the northeastern States. The laboratory is operated by the Bureau of Radiological Health of PHS, and our personnel occupy part of the laboratory under a Memorandum of Agreement with FDA. The group is administratively responsible to the Surveillance and Inspec- tion Division, Office of Radiation Programs, and conducts special studies and routine surveillance activities for that Office. Facility Information Location EPA Region Former Organization Number of Buildings Number of Complexes Leased Type of Construction Net Usable Program Space, ft2 Current Employee Strength Maximum Employees Housed Winches ter, Mas s. Region I Bureau of Radiological Health, PHS 1 1 Part of one building (Memorandum of Agree- ment with the FDA) Masonry 11,250 2k 80 B-III-7 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610501: EWIROMEINTAL STANDARDS-RAD]^ION-ENVIRON- MENTAL SURVEILLANCE-NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING PROGRAM Objective The objective is to provide a continuing record of the levels of environmental radioactivity and data from which to make a continuing evaluation of the national population radiation exposure from environ- mental sources. In addition, a quality control program is conducted to service EPA radiological laboratories and States requesting the services and to initiate a limited program for nuclear facility operations. Description Special studies are conducted at nuclear facilities to determine impact on the environment and obtain data for estimating population dose. The findings from this study are published as Surveillance and Inspection Division Reports. Priorities The priority of the monitoring portion of this project is 1.1. The quality control portion is 1.2. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Interstate carrier water samples are analyzed for the Office of Water Programs. Constraints Samples come only from northeastern part of the United States. Interaction with Other Laboratories This project analyzes samples from State laboratories and provides them with quality control services. B-III-8 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 621^01: ABATEMENT AMD CONTROL-RADIATION-EMISSIONS MOHITORING-NUCLEAR FACILITY INSPECTIONS Objective The program provides documentation of environmental radioactivity resulting from nuclear facility discharges, either to assure compliance with environmental standards or to serve as a "basis for reducing exces- sive levels. Description Utilizing information from previous EPA studies at operating nuclear power stations and other available information, NERHL will design a pro- cedure for inspecting nuclear facilities and test this model in coopera- tion with the State at selected operating nuclear power reactors. The procedures will be up-dated based on operational experience. Priorities The priority of this project is 1.3. B-III-9 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 62IF01: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-RADIATION-SPECIAL STUDIES- NUCLEAR POWER FACILITIES Objectives This special study will determine the dose delivered to the critical populations living in the vicinity of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and will measure the effect on the dose of parameters such as discharge concentrations, intake concentrations, and the distribution and habits of the population. Description The study will examine pathways and special population groups at risk. It will determine intake parameters of quantity and concentration. Both demographic and intake surveys related to these critical pathways will be involved. Priorities The priority of this project is l.lj-. B-III-10 ------- WESTERN ENVIROM4ENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY (LAS VEGAS, NEV.) The Western Environmental Research Laboratory (WERL) in Las Vegas, Nev., serves primarily as a technical and scientific resource to the States west of the Mississippi, including Alaska, Hawaii, and certain areas of the Pacific. Nationwide monitoring support is provided to all Regional Offices, NERC's and other program offices. Many WERL projects depend entirely on the cooperation and assistance of various State organi- zations, local government, other Federal agencies, universities, research groups, and private citizens. Some of WERL's activities are administered by the Office of Research and Monitoring (see Appendix A). In addition to conducting programs funded directly by EPA, WERL, under a Memorandum of Understanding with AEG, is responsible for the public health and safety program related to AEC's nuclear testing. WERL is responsible for comprehensive radiological safety programs in public areas around the Nevada Test Site and at other locations where nuclear tests are conducted. Facility Information Location EPA Region Former Organization Number of Buildings Number of Complexes Land Leased (Main Complex) Leased Type of Construction Net Usable Program Space, Current Employee Strength Maximum Employees Housed ft2 Las Vegas, Nev. Region IX Bureau of Radiological Health, PHS 1 2 6.6 7 buildings: 1-GSA, 6-EPA Mas onry 82,500 239 350 B-III-11 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610501: HWIRONMENTAL STANDARDS -RADIATION -ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE-NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION MONITORING PROGRAM Objective The objective is to provide a continuing record of the levels of environmental radioactivity and data from which to make a continuing evaluation of the national population radiation exposure from environ- mental sources. In addition, whole body counting will be done on the Eskimos in Alaska. The results will be correlated with known changes in dietary habits. A data bank is being developed on Eskimo cesium - 1J7 body burdens. Description This project analyzes samples from the western States from our established networks (Pasteurized Milk Network, Institutional Total Diet Network, Tritium Surveillance Network) and reports data in suit- able form for publication in Radiation Data Reports. The Eskimo surveil- lance study uses portable whole body counting to determine cesium-137 burdens in Eskimos. The data are also published in Radiation Data Reports. Priorities The priority of the network monitoring portion of this project is 1.2. The Eskimo surveillance study is 1.5. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Interstate carrier water samples are analyzed for the Office of Water Programs. Constraints Samples come from the western part of the United States for the most part. Whole body counting is confined to Alaska; other whole body counting is conducted at WERL in support of nuclear testing monitoring programs. Interaction with Other Laboratories This project analyzes samples from State laboratories and provides them with quality control services. B-III-12 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 610502: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDAIfflS-RADmTION-ENVIROIMEFTAL SURVEILLANCE-ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION OFF-SITE RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY PROGRAM Objective The objective is to document radiation from nuclear testing activi- ties — both the external exposures to people living in the vicinity of nuclear testing activities and the levels in all pertinent environmental media. Description A comprehensive off-site radiological safety program will be pro- vided for nuclear testing activities, including testing of weapons devices, underground engineering applications of nuclear explosives, and testing of experimental nuclear engines for propulsion of space- craft. Priorities The priority of this project is 1.2. Relationship to Other EPA Programs The program utilizes data from Radiation Alert Network of the Office of Air Programs and the Pasteurized Milk Network of the Office of Categorical Programs. B-III-13 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 621^01: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-RADIATION-EMISSIONS MONITORING-NUCLEAR FACILITY INSPECTIONS Objective The program provides documentation of environmental radioactivity resulting from nuclear facility discharges, either to assure compliance with environmental standards or to serve as a basis for reducing dosage levels. Description Combined aerial and ground surveys will be conducted at each site selected. Priorities The priority of this project is 1.4. B-III-lU ------- PROGRAM CODE: 621801; ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-RADIATION-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE-ASSISTANCE TO GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (EPA APPROPRIA- TIONS) Objective The objective is to provide technical support to the State of Colorado regarding population exposures in homes where uranium mill tails have been used as a construction material. Description Technical assistance, manpower, and equipment are provided to support Colorado and other States where piles of tailings are located. This involves conducting a gamma survey and indoor radon sampling study of structures in affected communities. Funds are also provided to screen western communities with a mobile scanning unit to determine the possibility of problems relating to distribution of tailings. Priorities The priority of this project is 1.1. Constraints Study is confined to nine western States. B-III-15 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 630603: GENERAL ASSISTANCE-ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-RADIATION-PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND MANPOWER PLANNING-DIRECT TRAINING Objective The objective is to provide, on a national basis, a series of regularly scheduled courses in environmental radiation surveillance and protection designed to increase the competencies of personnel working in the profession, train new personnel, and serve as a mechan- ism for disseminating the philosophy, policies, and goals of the Office of Radiation Programs. Description Training will be provided in the form of short-term courses to members of all agencies having programs concerning the environmental impact of ionizing radiation in an effort to help reduce and control man's exposure. Priorities The priority of this project is 1.4. Relationship to Other EPA Programs There are many types of training courses that could be conducted with the other training programs in EPA. Courses such as basic statistics, environmental statistics, and basic physiological responses to the environment are basic to all training programs. B-III-16 ------- TABLE B-l LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF CATEGORICAL PROGRAMS - PESTICIDES Program Code - Facility 521A02, Pesticide Labeling & Stds. - Tolerance Setting Washington, B.C. aTotal Program Element, $1000 521402, Product Surveillance - Sample Analysis Beltsville, Md. Corvallis, Oreg. Hew York, N.Y. Denver, Colo. Gulfport, Miss. San Francisco, Calif. aTotal Program Element, $1000 Man-Years 510502, Environmental Surveillance - Residue Profiles Gulfport, Miss. ^otal Program Element, $1000 530602, Professional Training & Manpower Planning - Special Skills Development Perrine, Fla. aTotal Program Element, $1000 FYT2 $1000 22k 1048.0 1910.5 1030 1302.5 100 100 M/Y 14 58 7 10 8 7 8 124 42 5 5 FY73 $1000 224 1156.0 2310.5 1030 1318.5 100 100 M/Y 14 68 8 12 9 8 145 42 5 5 FY74 $1000 240 1240.0 2700.0 1300 1380.0 100 100 M/Y 15 76 9 13 10 9 160 63 5 5 FY75 $1000 275 1300.0 3100.0 1500 1450.0 100 100 M/Y 17 82 10 14 11 10 11 175 71 5 5 FY76 $1000 330 1360.0 3300.0 1700 1530.0 100 100 M/Y 20 87 10 15 12 11 11 185 74 5 5 FTT7 $1000 330 1430.0 3400.0 1700 1600.0 100 100 M/Y 20 90 11 15 12 11 11 190 79 5 5 w I H H H aAs carried on Office of Planning & Management printouts, revised to 10/13/71. ------- TABLE B-2. LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF CATEGORICAL PROGRAMS - SOLID WASTES Program Code - Facility ^30200, Technical Assistance Cincinnati, Ohio ^otal Program Element $1000 FYT2 $1000 90 889-3 M/Y 3 FYT3 $1000 100 1015.3 M/Y r. 3 FY7^ $1000 125 1190.0 M/Y k FY75 $1000 135 1310.0 'M/Y 4 FY?6 $1000 150 1^50.0 M/Y 5 FY77 $1000 170 1590.0 M/Y 5 td H fe aAs carried on Office of Planning & Management printouts, revised to 10/13/71. ------- TABLE B-3 LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF CATEGORICAL PROGRAMS - RADIATION td H H Program Code - Facility 610501, National Environmental Radiation Monitoring Program Montgomery, Ala. Winchester, Mass. Las Vegas, Nev. Subtotal ^otal Program Element, $1000 610502, AEC Off -Site Radiological Safety Program (Reimbursable) Las Vegas, Nev. 62LU01, Nuclear Facility Inspections Winchester, Mass. Las Vegas, Nev. Subtotal bTotal Program Element, $1000 621801, Assistance to Governmental Organizations Montgomery, Ala (NASA Reimbursable) Las Vegas, Nev. Subtotal bTotal Program Element, $1000 FY72 $1000 M/Y 81.4 6 211.2 12 160.5 9 ^53.1 27 936.6 1942.0 110 148.0 7 77-9 7 225.0 14 202.7 15.0 o 313.6 14 328.6 14 271.5 FY73 $1000 M/Y 83.0 6 224.2 13 175.0 9 482.2 28 939.6 2073.0 no 200.0 13 155-0 9 355-0 22 203.7 4oo.o 15 4oo.o 15 427.5 FY74 $1000 M/Y 84.0 6 239.2 14 200 10 523.2 30 990.0 2100.0 110 240.0 14 180.0 11 420.0 25 210.0 350.0 15 350.0 15 450.0 FY75 $1000 M/Y 86.0 6 249.2 14 210.0 10 545.2 30 1040.0 2150.0 no 280.0 16 205.0 12 285.0 28 220.0 200.0 7 200.0 7 470.0 FY 6 $1000 M/Y 88.0 6 259.2 14 220.0 10 567.2 30 1090.0 2175.0 110 290.0 16 210.0 12 500.0 28 240.0 150.0 6 150.0 6 490.0 FY77 $1000 M/Y 88.0 6 269.2 14 225 . o 10 582.2 30 1140.0 2200.0 110 300.0 16 215.0 12 515.0 28 250.0 150.0 6 150.0 6 520.0 ------- TABLE B-3 (continued) tri H H H O Program Code - Facility 621F01, Special Studies - Nuclear Power Facilities Montgomery, Ala Winchester, Mass. Subtotal ^otal Program Element, $1000 630603, Professional Training & Manpower Planning - Direct Training Montgomery, Ala Las Vegas, Ilev. Subtotal '"Total Program Element, $1000 FY72 $1000 M/Y 17^.2 13 81.3 5 255-5 18 639.4 85.4 5 123.1 6 208.5 11 304.9 FY73 $1000 M/Y 170.0 13 170.0 13 642.4 87.0 5 140.0 7 227.0 12 3*. 9 FY74 $1000 M/Y 170.0 13 170.0 13 670.0 90.0 5 150.0 7 240.0 12 310.0 FY75 $1000 M/Y 710.0 92.0 5 160.0 7 252.0 12 310.0 FY76 $1000 M/Y . 740.0 92.0 5 170.0 7 262.0 12 310.0 FY77 $1000 M/Y 780.0 92.0 5 180.0 7 272.0 12 310.0 As carried on Office of Planning & Management printouts, revised to 10/13/71 ------- APPENDIX C Office of Air and Water Programs ------- The laboratory responsibilities of the two programs of the Office of Air and Water Programs (OAWP) are described in separate sections. The activities of each are discussed by program codes, followed by resource requirements in terms of dollars and man-years for fiscal 1972 through 1977. C-l ------- SECTION I: OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS Currently, the Office of Air Programs (OAP) has some responsibility in five EPA program categories: o 121000, stationary source pollution control e 122000, mobile source pollution control e 126000, federal sources of air pollution o 130000, general assistance, environmental planning and training o 110000, environmental standards-air. The work on Federal sources of air pollution is partly carried out operationally at Rockville, Md., and does not concern the Task Group effort. This is similarly true for all of OAP program direction support. The Office-of Research and Monitoring (ORM) is responsible for most of the category environmental standards-air; the subcategory ambient air quality surveillance is under the program direction and resource allo- cation control of OAP but under the operational control of ORM. OAP decides on the control routes and ambient air quality standards for pol- lutants. Thus, under environmental standards - air, ORM and OAP have responsibility to see that a desirable environment is adequately defined and that the air environment is monitored. Under general assistance, OAP has responsibility, with the Regional Offices, to assure the most favorable development of State and local agencies by providing financial, technical, and training assistance. OAP has almost sole responsibility, with some involvement of the Office of Enforcement and General Counsel (OEGC) for the Federal mobile source pollution control program under category 122000. Finally, under stationary source pollution control, OAP sets new source performance standards and hazardous pollutant emission standards, and with the Regional Offices and OEGC has responsibility for adequate control of all stationary sources of air pollution. OAP's responsi- bility for research, development, and demonstration on stationary source control technology will be treated in the following projections, although it is marked for transfer to ORM in FY1972. All of these C-I-1 ------- responsibilities are carried out in GAP field facilities and become the basis of mission and requirements for the facilities. OAF Organization The current organizational structure (Figure C-l) coincides with the program, geographical location, and facilities management concept. There are two major programs under the Deputy Assistant Administrator: Stationary Source Pollution Control (SSPC) and Mobile Source Pollution Control (MSPC), each headed by a program director. The first has GAP responsibility for all program categories except 122000, Mobile Source Pollution Control, and will be located in the Research Triangle, N.C., area and at OAP headquarters. The second has responsibility for 122000 and is located at Ann Arbor, Mich, or similarly at headquarters outside the scope of the Task Group effort. Existing Facilities The total program is housed at seven locations: Ann Arbor; Raleigh, Durham, Research Triangle Park, and Technical Center, all in the Research Triangle area; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Rockville. Current locations of personnel presently on board are shown in Figure C-2. Moves planned in FY 1972 are shown by arrows; whether all or some of the personnel will move is indicated. Those moves pertinent to the Task Group effort are: o The remaining 20 people of the Division of Control Systems is scheduled to move from Cincinnati to the Technical Center by March 1, 1972 c The Office of Manpower Development is scheduled to move into the Technical Center by December 1, 1971. Thus, since the Research Triangle area has been designated as one field facility in guidance given to the Task Group, OAP programs will be housed at two Field Facilities: SSPC programs in the Research Triangle area and MSPC programs in Ann Arbor. Proposed Field Facility Systems Concept Future field facility and laboratory requirements of OAP can best be met by continuing the existing situation. Some slight modification of the Ann Arbor facility is planned during FY 1972, and program require- ments at both the Research Triangle and Ann Arbor will grow. OAP plans to receive direct analytical and research services from other EPA labora- tories; pending development of adequate mechanisms to assure the provision of such services, OAP does not plan new laboratories for these purposes. In addition, various programs for which OAP has responsibility will require other EPA organizations to request laboratory services for C-I-2 ------- Technical Coordination Staff Dr. John T. Middleton Deputy Assistant Administrator Operations Review Staff Executive Officer o i Stationary Source Pollution Control Programs Emergency Operations Control Center Office of Manpower Development Mobile Source Pollution Control Programs Division of Control Systems Division of Applied Technology Division of Standards Development and Implementation Division of Certifica- tion and Surveillance Division of Emission Control Technology Division of Advanced Automobile Power Systems Development FIGURE C-l. ORGANIZATION OF OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS ------- Research Triangle Ann . * v Waterside Arbor Raleigh Durham RTF TC Cinn. Rockville Mall Environmental Standards - Air Ambient Air Quality Surveillance 9^- Abatement & Control - Stationary Source Pollution Control Programs Research, Development & Demon- stration 59 23—^-20 c Emission Standards & Regulations 63 *"^8 Emergency Episode Control 1 9 Surveillance of Federal/State Standards 7—^11 Abatement & Control - Mobile i Source Pollution Control 118 |—| .-_,.. -P" General Asst. , Environmental Planning & Training . Training 1*9 *" Technical Information 38 Air Quality Management 6 1*0 8 Financial Assistance 1 Comprehensive Agency Reviews 11 Abatement & Control Federal Sources 10 10 +. General Supervision 3 9 18 *- Program Direction & Support 15 *- FIGURE C-2. OAF EXISTING PERSONNEL IN EXISTING FACILITIES, BY PROGRAM (A-all, S-some) ------- their programs. Thus, OAP field facility requirements (after the moves of this year) are as follows: o Technical Center to house programs of OEM operational control but for which OAP hag planning control or service require- ments; also to provide space for programs of OAP control (portion of SSPC) o Raleigh-Durham area to provide housing for remaining SSPC e Ann Arbor facility to provide housing for MSPC. OEM is to supply to the Task Group laboratory requirements for programs over which it has operational control. Figure C-3 presents management lines of OAP's concept for manage- ment of its field facilities and programs. In ORM terminology presented to the Task Group, program direction, operational direction, and super- vision follow the same management lines in OAP. The program directors are responsible for programs and their housing facilities in their separate locations. Their Executive Officers are the focal points for the provision of services from outside organizations and for any centralized facility services such as in-house auto testing at Ann Arbor. Building maintenance and security, contracting, and administration of personnel requirements are examples of the former services. The Ann Arbor and Research Triangle field facilities will house the principal program operation of OAP, and facility requirements have been justified on that basis. Future program responsibilities, as defined above under current OAP programs and in generalized terms, include: e Program policy development and evaluation o Development of air quality and source emission standards o Technical direction, support, and evaluation of Regional air activities o Development of programs for technical assistance and technology transfer o Selected demonstration programs c Interim direction of stationary source control technology development. C-I-5 ------- Deputy Assistant Administrator for Air Program I SSPCP •Program Director I MS PGP Program Director- o H Executive Offices Centralized Facility Services Executive Officer Centralized Facility Services Programs in Research Triangle Programs— in Ann Arbor Outside Services J Outside •Services FIGURE C-3. MANAGEMENT CONCEPT OF OAP FIELD FACILITIES ------- RESEARCH TRIANGLE, N.C., FIELD FACILITY The mission of the Research Triangle, N.C., Field facility is to: c Define desirable air quality goals by establishing National Ambient Air Quality Standards e Assure the conduct of an adequate program across the Nation for control of air pollutant emissions from stationary sources by: - providing evaluation, direction, and support to EPA's pro- gram of assistance to State and local governments and to activities carried out on a regional basis for standards and implementation plans enforcement - establishing national standards for the control of station- ary sources - carrying out a national R&D program for the control of sta- tionary sources of air pollution. Several EPA organizations have units housed in the Research Triangle area. GAP plans to keep SSPC there. A number of buildings are used at present, and something comparable will be needed in the future. Require- ments are primarily limited to office space in the Raleigh-Durham areas and to more special needs (such as experimental laboratory space, com- puters, and training briefing rooms) at the Technical Center in Research Triangle Park. Functions to be performed at these facilities include briefly: stack testing, industrial studies, air quality management pro- cedures development, agency evaluations, technical direction, support, and evaluation of Regional air activities, standards setting, State plans review, approval, and promulgation, in-house and contract research on the development and demonstration of control techniques, literature storage and retrieval services, editorial services, air pollution emergency operations, development and conduct of training courses, man- agement of training grants and fellowships, and environmental impact statement and Federal procurement reviews. Facility requirements are defined and justified on the basis of program objectives, activities, and resource needs to accomplish them. A complete listing of the programs categories OAP will conduct at the Research Triangle area, with their 5-year projections of resource needs, is given in Table C-l at the end of this Section. All of the work is to be carried out under existing legislation, the Clean Air Amendments of 1970, and has a priority of 1. C-I-7 ------- Description The laboratory requirements at the Research Triangle involve four program categories: Environmental Standards- Air. This area provides the information and tools for making judgements on the effects of air pollutants on various receptors, allows determination of the status of the environment with respect to contamination of the air, and provides for the link-up of the sources and the receptors of pollution. About hO pollutants will be examined over the 6-year period for control. Whereas the decision for control of a pollutant, control route, and air quality standards are the responsibility of OAP, most of the field operational aspects under this program category are the responsibility of OEM, including air quality surveillance, and the laboratory requirements will be defined in OEM's plan. Abatement and Control - Stationary Sources of Air Pollution. This area provides OAP with the tools required to set standards, develop technology to achieve the standards, and undertake the enforcement activities required to ensure compliance with these standards. The 1970 Amendments require that national performance standards be set for the control of air pollution from new facilities in designated classes of industries and that emission standards be set for haz- ardous materials for which it is not practical to set ambient air quality standards. It is expected that 31 categories of industries and 8 to 10 pollutants will be covered by new source performance standards by FY 197^- Hazardous emission standards for asbestos, beryllium, and mercury will be issued in 1972. Plans allow for the examination of three or four pollutants per year for this control route. Another program element involves review, approval, and promulgation of State implementation plans. The thrust of this pro- gram is to approve State timetables for meeting primary ambient air quality standards for sulfur oxides, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. The objective of the work in the research, development and demon- stration subcategory is to assure the development and availability of fully adequate and feasible technology for achieving compliance with established ambient air quality and source-emission standards. The engineering approach used here involves development of control technology by scaling up a process through laboratory, pilot, and demonstration phases. Work is divided into investigations for particulate matter, sulfur oxides on a short and long-term basis, nitrogen oxides, and control of hazardous pollutants. The enforcement subcategory pertains to enforcement activities involving (l) surveillance and inspection to determine compliance with State Implementation Plans, new source performance standards C-I-8 ------- for stationary sources, and national emission standards for stationary sources of hazardous air pollutants; (2) the gathering of data where noncompliance is apparent; and (3) the conduct of enforcement proceedings. Responsibility for this subcategory is shared with OEGC. General Assistance, Environmental Planning and Training - Air. A coordinated Federal, State, and locak air pollution control effort is called for in the Clean Air Act. The Act delegates the primary responsibility for controlling air pollution from stationary sources and major in-use mobile sources to the States. The primary role of the Federal Government (a responsibility of GAP with Regional Offices) is to provide leadership, financial and technical assistance, and a supply of trained manpower. The Federal Govern- ment can assume a direct enforcement posture where the States have failed to carry out their mandatory or delegated responsibilities. This category provides the States with the assistance necessary to develop and maintain effective and comprehensive air pollution control programs, and as such, it is the initial thrust of a compliance tech- nique which is geared to obviate the need for Federal take-over. The financial assistance program provides matching grants to State, regional, and local agencies for purposes of planning, developing, establishing, improving, or maintaining programs in air pollution control. The program is geared at elevating agencies to mainte- nance status. Maintenance status implies the capability to mount and maintain a comprehensive and effective air pollution control program in five main technical and administrative areas attuned to meeting the legislative requirements of the Clean Air Act. Cur- rently, only 10 percent of the agencies supported have reached maintenance status. Only 13 of the 50 states have reached such status, whereas all must have reached it by FY 197^ to fully carry out the mandates of the Clean Air Act. The present level of technical expertise in States is inadequate to carry out all the requirements of the Clean Air Act. The Federal Government's technical assistance program provides both direct and indirect assistance to the States. The direct assistance is pro- vided by consulting on technical and operational problems and by assisting in the collection of date for developing control strategies. Indirect assistance is supplied through the develop- ment of Air Quality Management Procedures Documents and through development and operation of a national data bank for stationary and mobile source emissions. Air Quality Management Procedures Documents provide States with guidance in such areas as air pollu- tion engineering, air quality measurement, program management, data processing, and source listing. C-I-9 ------- The manpower program is designed to provide State, regional, and local agencies with a continual supply of new people and to increase the skills of those people already employed in air pollu- tion control. State and local control agencies currently have 5100 budgeted positions which must be increased to 8000 by 197^-. The manpower pool is increased by giving grants to individuals to study fields related to air pollution control and to academic institu- tions to conduct courses in air pollution control. Skill levels of individuals are increased through intensive short-term training conducted by EPA and through grants to individuals employed in air pollution control agencies. Abatement and Control - Federal Sources of Air Pollution. Federal, activities impact on the environment through direct Federal proj- ects, such as highway and airport construction, and through indi- rect activities funded by the Federal Government, such as the activities of grantees and contractors. Control of these activities can have significant impact on controlling pollution. The Clean Air Act provides for the submission and review of environmental impact statements before any Federal project may be initiated and for the control of the activities of contractors and grantees. These activities are covered by the subcategories environmental impact statement review and federal procurement. In addition to these four program categories, the Research Triangle facility carries over the following activities: research and develop- ment, demonstration and testing, training, criteria and standards, sur- veillance and intelligence, technical information, program assistance, and management and support activities. Constraints There are several factors which place constraints on OAP's contri~ bution to the Task Group, both in terms of defining more realistically OAP facility requirements and in aiding other EPA organizations to define theirs. These relate to: o Further clarification of OAP program responsibility under the recently issued EPA order 1110.2h e Possible decentralization or transfer of portions of program elements within EPA o Possible impacts from the recipient EPA organization upon location and program content of program elements already marked for transfer from OAP e Limitations in available projections of laboratory services (sampling and analysis primarily) OAP requires C-I-10 ------- c Limitations (for guidance to others) in current GAP projec- tions of operational mechanisms (such as in the program element surveillance of Federal and State standards). Relationship to Other EPA Programs OAP programs at the Research Triangle have extensive ties to other EPA laboratories. This is especially true to ORM, where direct research and analytical services are required; these have been defined in a June 9» 1971 memorandum to Dr. S. M. Greenfield from Dr. J. T. Middleton, titled, "Coordination of Technical Support with BAPS". Within this, requirements specific to analytic services relate to: o Emission testing and analysis in support of new source per- formance standards, national emission standards for stationary sources of hazardous air pollutants, and industry studies o Analytical methods development and standardization o Air quality surveillance. Addendum A to this Appendix gives guideline projections for direct sampling and analysis laboratory services required of ORM. Concerning air quality surveillance, in addition to air quality data needs as specified under the program element on air surveillance, direct services are required in support of emergency operations. Three ORM positions for this purpose are included in the projections for the emergency episode control element. Meteorological experts are provided by ORM in support of several OAP program elements; these are not included in the above projections and should be shown in ORM's submittal. Also, the approaches defined under the programs at this facility will require direct laboratory services to the OEGC and Regional Offices for source testing within the program element surveillance of Federal and State standards. The Research Triangle Facility will require housing of personnel for support functions such as contract procurement and research grants administration (if determined to be housed there) not included in the resource projections. Interaction with Other Laboratories The SSPC programs relate to about hO laboratories outside EPA. Some of the more significant efforts are control technology research by TVA, Bureau of Mines, and Argonne National Laboratory within the Federal Government, and by ESSO Research and Engineering and Battelle N¥ outside the Government. Twelve private labs are doing stack sampling and ianalysis under contract. C-I-11 ------- ANN ARBOR, MICH., MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION LABORATORY The mission of the new facility in Ann Arbor, Mich., is to carry out EPA's national MSPC program. The entire program moved in October 1971. Addendum B to this Appendix delineates the background history of development of this facility. OAF is currently leasing an additional 7000 square feet of office space to house the overflow of engineering staff for the Advanced Automotive Power Systems and certification pro- grams. A description of the new Y-shaped building is as follows: Location - 2565 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Mich. Area - l6 acres plus 7.5 under option Space - 116,000 ft2, including 19,000 ft2 for office and computer areas and 30,000 ft for vehicle storage Special rooms - 15 chassis dynamometer test rooms; 8 engine dyna- mometer rooms for testing a variety of engines and future power sources, and 2 large controlled-temperature soak areas Supporting laboratory facilities - vehicle wash room, vehicle prep- aration room, fuel blending room, calibration-gas lab, elec- tronic lab, instrument lab, smoke-meter test room, chemistry labs, flow calibration lab, engine storage room, cleaning room, craft shop, and shipping and receiving area Pertinent special equipment - (l) automotive emission gas analysis system for each special room (includes nondispersive infrared for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, flame ionization detector for hydrocarbons, and chemiluminescence for NOX); (2) Dispersive IR, on-line gas chromatography, and smoke meters; (3) automatic data processing units. Primary functions of the facility are to: o Develop new or novel low-emission power systems for light-duty vehicles o Provide technical support to the low-emission vehicle certifi- cation board o Review and evaluate applications for certification of motor vehicles and engines o Develop assembly line testing o Develop and conduct surveillance of emissions of in-use vehicles o Characterize emissions being considered for control C-I-12 ------- o Assess availability of, or develop, control technology for existing mobile sources as a basis for establishing standards and to test and evaluate control techniques « Develop standardized emission testing procedures c Develop emissions standards and fuel regulations. The control of new mobile source emissions and development of tech- niques for control of in-use mobile emissions is a Federal national pro- gram and primarily the responsibility of OAP, with involvement of OEGC. This program, EPA's program category abatement and control - mobile sources of air pollution, contains EPA's effort to ensure control of emissions from mobile sources to levels determined by other program categories. The work is to be carried ou\ under existing legislation and has a priority of 1. This program is divided into five subcategories. A detailed listing of resource requirements is given in Table C-2 at the end of this Section. Objectives are summarized below. Research, Development and Demonstration. EPA has stressed research on those areas where industry, for historical and vested interest reasons, has shown the greatest reluctance for investment - namely, the development of unconventional propulsion systems potentially capable of emissions performance superior to the conventional internal combustion engine. This program has increasingly assumed the aspect of a compliance-oriented program whose basic thrust is to ensure the validity of the 1975-7& standards. The primary objec- tive is to provide direct proof that an unconventionally-powered low emission vehicle capable of meeting the 1975-76 standards can be produced by the mandatory dates, or with a minimum extension of such dates. This subcategory also includes the Federal Clean Air Incentive Program; its mission is to ensure that viable ideas on unconventional power sources originating outside the automobile industry or government are given the opportunity for demonstration on a cost shared basis. The program is to provide incentive to investors to develop promising approaches through partial reimburse- ment of research costs on the basis of proven performance and a guaranteed government market for any vehicle which meets low emis- sion specifications and is competitive in performance and reliability with conventional vehicles. Emission Standards and Regulations. This subcategory contains the work to translate needed emission reductions from mobile sources into mobile source emission standards as promulgated in the Federal Register. The ultimate objective is to promulgate those emission regulations for mobile sources which are determined necessary to achieve ambient air quality goals. Because it is impossible to measure actual emissions from over a hundred million vehicles while they are on the road, procedures must be developed to simulate average road conditions in the laboratory. Results must approximate C-I-13 ------- actual emissions as closely as possible, and the measurements must require a relatively short time. This subcategory also includes studies required under Section 211 prior to the establishment of motor vehicle fuel standards and whatever additional work is needed to develop those standards. Enforcement. Enforcement includes the certification of prototype vehicles or engines before the beginning of a new model year to ensure that the prototypes are capable of meeting emission stand- ards. Enforcement includes the quality assurance program which seeks to ensure that vehicles, as they are manufactured, are in all significant respects the same with regard to their emission performance as the prototypes previously certified. Current planning indicates that, pending the successful surmounting of technical problems, the quality assurance program will begin routine operation with the 1973 model-year. Monitoring. This subcategory measures samples of vehicles which are in general use to determine whether they continue to meet emission standards. It will make recommendations on the need for recalling classes of vehicles which are exceeding standards. Mon- itoring will also yield valuable information on national automotive emissions, which can be used for setting or refining air quality improvement strategies. The recall surveillance program for light- duty vehicles will start with the 1972 model-year. Financial Assistance. This subcategory involves the granting of funds to States to allow them to set up motor vehicle inspection programs in the event that these are demonstrated to be effective in improving air quality. Inspection programs will seek to ensure that individual vehicles within a given area meet requirements for emissions. Only demonstration funding from another program category is planned for fiscal 1972 and 1973. Constraints Total facility requirements may change at Ann Arbor pending further development of currently undefined, program needs. These relate to heavy- duty vehicle testing, additional office space, and State inspection testing. Relationship to Other EPA Programs ORM develops instrumentation and analytical methods in support of the MSPC program. Also, ORM develops responsibility for research to ini- tially characterize motor vehicle emissions. An agreement could be worked out with ORM to house four to six chemists at Ann Arbor to provide direct analytical support to MSPC and to carry out ORM's emission characteriza- tion research. OEGC is responsible for enforcement of fuels regulations; pending the specific substance controlled, analytical services may be ------- required (determination of compliance vith regulation of lead in gaso- line , for example). Interaction with Other Laboratories Services are procured from many outside laboratories. Other Government work includes provision of personnel for management of the Advanced Automotive Powers Systems contracts by NASA Lewis; battery development work by the Naval Research Laboratory; characterization of emissions of aircraft and of heavy-duty and off-highway vehicles by the Bureau of Mines; Rankine and turbine components research by Aerospace Corporation (AF); EPA emissions testing for the Washington, D.C., inspec- tion system; and performance testing of a turbine car by New York City. About 30 private labs are under contract for work ranging from surveil- lance of light-duty in-use vehicles to certification of new heavy-duty vehicles. C-I-15 ------- ADDENDUM A: RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS SUPPORT FY72 FY73 FY7^ FY75 FY76 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Total resources 2.5 5-0 355 (170) FY77 Man-years Funds ($1000) Direct operations Contract testing Industry Studies Total resources Man-years Funds ($1000) Direct operations Contract testing (90) . (152) (285) 5.6 10.0 780 1055 (1^5) (255) (535) (800) New Source Performance Standards Total resources Man-years Funds ($1000) Direct operations Contract testing 10.0 13.0 1895 5.2 U75 (185) (290) 6.6 525 (220) (305) 6.8 5^0 (230) (310) 7.0 5^5 (235) (310) 12.h iU.8 16.2 16.6 1195 1375 1510 1650 (295) (375) (UlO) (^50) (900) (1000) (1100) (1200) (98U) (1250) lU.O 15.3 2017 2215 (667) (790) (1350) (1U25) 15.6 17.0 2l|20 26^5 (895) (1020) (1525) (1625) These requirements represent total support both for analytical and emission testing. Approximately 50 percent is projected for performance by source testing contractors (resources are included in retrospective program element projections) and 50 percent will be done by in-house effort (by ORM, and included under air quality surveillance program element projections). In-house requirements will be for such analyses as trace metals (requiring special instruments), analyses needed more promptly than our contractors are required to perform them, and other special techniques, such as neutron activation analysis. With current contractor capabilities we do not believe that a significant realloca- tion of our total analysis to contractors is feasible. C-I-16 ------- ADDENDUM B: ANN ARBOR FACILITY HISTORY As far back as raid-October of 196?, personnel of the National Air Pollution Control Center (NAPCA) had laid tentative plans for a special purpose building specifically designed for the unique types of emission testing to be encountered in the motor vehicle pollution control program. Although a tentative signal was given to proceed with the general build- ing design, no site had been selected. Part of the urgency for a new building was the need for a large truck chassis dynamometer as a result of a test procedure development program for the certification of heavy- duty gasoline powered vehicles. A special chassis dynamometer was contracted for, designed, and custom built; however, it had to be put in storage in 1968 when plans for this first building (or other possible leased buildings) failed to materialize in time. The proposed building was approved late in December 1968. In the meantime, a general area northeast of Ann Arbor was delineated as the most desirable location for the building site. NAPCA then requested that a transferable option be obtained on a suitable site in this area. On Feb. 9j 1969? the general requirements were outlined for a site that GSA would option. GSA surveyed the area without success, then recom- mended on April JO, 1969 that the geographical area be enlarged and that a complete project, including construction of the building, be solicited by "lease acquisition procedural methods." As this was agreed to, GSA advertised for a build-lease facility in June, 1969. Five sites were recommended in August; by mid-September, two potential lessors had been selected. Offers were received on Sept. 25, 1969; the low bid was by Kassob-Joseph, Inc. of Toledo, Ohio, for the annual rental value of $1,529>500 for a building costing about $10,000,000. Various difficulties and considerations forced a delay in proceedings, but NAPCA finally issued a letter of acceptance to^Kassob- Joseph on Jan. 21, 1970 agreeing to pay $1,535?000 rent on an annual basis. A final completion date, after two time extensions, of Sept. 23, 1971 was established and the site work was started on June 21, 1970. Actual completion dates were divided into different phases of construc- tion. The total gross area of the facility is 116,000 square feet. Phase I consists of three parts, A, B, and C. Phase I-A and I-B were accepted by the Government for delivery, beneficial use, and occupancy on August 2, 1971. These sections of Phase I represent about 37,000 square feet or 32 percent of the gross space and contain heavy-duty testing areas, chemical and instrumental support labs, craft shops, and chassis dynamometer test cells for evaluation and development purposes. Phase II, I-C, and the offices were accepted as of Sept. 21, 1971. Phase I-C represents 8 percent of the gross area and contains the mechanical equipment for the building. Phase II contains emission testing equipment for light-duty vehicles and represents about 30,000 square feet of space. The office wing is L-shaped and contains approx- imately 19,000 square feet of space. C-I-17 ------- Phase III was accepted for beneficial occupancy as of Nov. 1, 1971. This area contains heavy-duty chassis dynamometers and engine testing rooms for development and evaluation purposes and contains about 21,000 square feet of space. Three rooms in the laboratory were left partially completed until final specifications were developed. They are classified as environ- mental control rooms. They are: Room 303-A. This is a chassis dynamometer room for light-duty vehicles with a temperature range of 350° to 120°F and a humidity variation of 10 to 90 percent relative humidity. The work outlined for this chassis dynamometer room is 100 percent scheduled for the procedures development branch. Their main use of this room will be twofold. One is to continually establish and validate temperature and humidity correction factors for nitrogen oxides emissions on new control systems as they become available. This facility is desired by December 1971 for evaluation of 1973 vehicle control systems. This work cannot be done by contract because manufacturer- owned prototype vehicles would be involved and are confidential. The second use is to establish new procedures utilizing temperature and humidity effects. This portion of testing could be let out to private contractors, except as it may relate to advance control systems concepts. The cost of finishing the room is estimated to be $319,000. Room U27. At the present time it is to be converted to gas turbine testing of the engine-dynamometer type. Considerable work would have to be done in finishing and converting this room for this specialized type of testing. As a turbine test room this would be supported 100 percent by the Emission Control Technology Branch. The conversion cost is estimated at $105,000. Room 325. It has been planned for chassis dynamometer testing of light- and medium-duty vehicles and is to have a temperature range of -50° to 120°F and 10 to 90 percent relative humidity control. The work planned for this room is about 75 percent usage in test- ing vehicles with advance powerplants or vehicles involved in the Clean Car Incentive Program. ' Recent legislation requires verifi- cation of emission systems in that they should not adversely affect the performance and safety of vehicles at the variety of ambient conditions found in the United States. At the present time, it is proposed to finish this room for operation at normal atmospheric testing conditions but to install necessities now (such as insul- ated floors) for conversion later for low temperature and high humidity conditions. The estimated cost of the preliminary work needed for normal testing is $165,000. C-I-18 ------- TABLE C-l LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS RESEARCH TRIANGLE, N.C. o H Program Code Environmental Standards - Air 110501 Sampling Network Operations 110502 National Aerometric Data Information Service Abatement & Control - Stationary Sources of Air Pollution Research, Development & Demonstration 121101 Particulate Control 121102 Short-Term SOX Control 121103 Long-Term SOX Control 12110U NOX Control 121105 Control Technology - Other Pollutants 121106 Land Use Planning & Transportation Emission Standards & Regulations 121301 New Source Performance Standards 121302 Industry Studies 121303 Hazardous Pollutants & Standards 12130l| Review, Approval, & Promulgation of Enforcement Plansc Enforcement 121501 Emergency Episode Control"3- 12150U Surveillance of Federal/State Standards0 General Assistance, Environmental Planning & Training - Air Financial Assistance - State, Interstate & Local Programs 130101 Control Program Grants - Administration Technical Assistance 130202 Air Quality Management & Procedures Development FY?2 $1000 2,279 690 500 16,083 U,236 1,585 185 515 1,925 2,030 592 790 850 369 ^,567 1,915 M/Y 76 26 h 65 2k 9 3 3 38 30 12 36 10 25 1 52 FY73 $1000 2,620 700 2,710 10,709 M57f ^,590 1,830 750 1,955 2,050 592 800 870 1,670 50,5^0 1,915 M/Y 117 32 7 58 18 16 15 6 38 30 12 36 12 121; 1 52 FY7U $1000 2,620 7^0 3,150 8,080 2,500 8,H50 U,820 3,000 1,955 3,100 590 800 850 3,300 60,000 2,635 M/Y 117 3U 12 ^7 11 35 22 7 38 ho 12 36 10 176 1 69 FY75 $1000 2,620 770 ^,670 5,500 5,000 10,700 8,000 3,800 1,955 I;, 000 590 800 850 3,900 65,000 2,700 M/Y 117 35 17 37 21 ko 35 8 38 ^5 12 36 10 176 1 70 FY76 $1000 2,620 810 5,260 U,500 5,000 19,500 iU,ooo U,200 1,955 U,ooo 590 800 850 3,900 68,000 2,300 M/Y 117 37 17 33 21 ho h5 9 38 h5 12 36 10 176 l 66 FY77 $1000 2,620 850 2,130 U,500 5,000 15,000 20,000 U,6oo 1,955 U,ooo 590 800 850 3,900 70,000 2,255 M/Y 117 39 10 33 21 ho 52 10 38 h5 12 36 10 176 1 63 ------- TABLE C-l (continued) o i H Program Code 130203 Comprehensive Agency Reviews Technical Information 130301 Technical Information & Pub- lications Training & Manpower Planning0 130601 Air Pollution Training Courses 130602 Training Grants & Fellowships 130603 Manpower Development Services6 Abatement & Control - Federal Sources of Air Pollution 126900 Environmental Impact Statement Reviews 126EOO Federal Procurement General Supervision 972303 General Supervision - Durham - Media Total Man-Years8- FY?2 $1000 252 1,393 1,350 3,705 770 2^9 kk 300 M/Y 11 38 32 3 23 10 0 12 5^3 FY73 $1000 252 1,591 1,370 3,705 780 300 95 300 M/Y 11 k9 3^ 3 2k 15 5 12 727 FY7U $1000 kOQ 1,590 1,370 2,520 860 330 100 320 M/Y 19 *9 3k 3 26 16 5 13 832 FY75 $1000 USD 1,590 1,370 1,890 900 350 100 330 M/Y 21 U9 .3U 3 27 18 5 13 868 FY76 $1000 500 1,590 1,370 1,260 9l|0 380 110 350 M/Y 2k k9 3k 2 28 19 6 Ik 879 FY77 $1000 525 1,590 1,370 630 990 Uio 120 360 M/Y 25 U9 3k 1 30 20 6 lU 882 Temporary positions not included Operational mechanisms and Federal/Regional/State roles need clarification cNumber of positions to be decentralized undefined at present d Three positions for air surveillance support from ORM at Technical Center; projections assume increasing Regional Office roles eTotals include 11 positions for career development not housed at Research Triangle g $25,000 over ceiling request not included; 10 and 17 additional positions would be required in '73 and '7k respectively, and 7 thereafter. ------- TABLE C-2 LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF AIR PROGRAMS ANN ARBOR, MICH. O H ro H Program Code Abatement & Control - Mobile Sources of Air Pollution Research, Development & Demonstration 122101 Advanced Automotive Power Systems Program 122102 Federal Clean Air Incentive Program and Procurement Emission Standards & Regulations 122301 Mobile Source Regulations Development 122302 Motor Vehicle Fuel Regulations Development Monitoring 122^01 In-Use Mobile Enforcement Enforcement 122501 New Mobile Source Enforcement Total Man-Year sa FY72 $1000 7,200 3,671 3,755 9 2,1*90 1,300 M/Y 27 10 61 — lU U5 157 FY73 $1000 10,882.1 — 3,861 1*0 3,700 2,225 M/Y 52 .— 75 3 22 102 25U FY7l| $1000 16,100 — • ^,500 1,000 U, 700 2,900 M/Y 60 ~ 80 5 28 120 293 FY75 $1000 12,700 • 5,200 800 5,300 3,000 M/Y 55 — 80 5 33 123 296 FY76 $1000 1,000 — 5,200 Uoo 5,600 3,100 M/Y 25 — 80 5 35 128 273 FY77 $1000 500 — 5,000 125 5,700 3,200 M/Y 10 ~ 80 h 37 130 261 aTemporary positions not included ------- SECTION II: OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS This section presents the Office of Water Programs (OWP) laboratory needs as determined by the best available data. Currently, there are 19 EPA program areas for which OWP has some responsibility. Of these, all but five will be carried out either at Headquarters or in the Regional Offices. Three of these five have operating laboratories that are of concern here. Other areas of program concern have been decen- tralized, and laboratory requirements are the responsibility of the Regions. The three codes with OWP Headquarters related activities are: 310000, Environmental Standards - Water; 321000, Abatement and Control - Industrial Sources of Water Pollution; and 330000, General Assistance, Environmental Planning and Environmental Training - Water. Two addi- tional codes are planning for laboratory needs as early as FY 197^-j or sooner if resources can be made available. These codes are: 320000, Abatement and Control - Municipal Sources of Water Pollution; and 326000, Abate- ment and Control - Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills. Organization and Facilities The current organizational structure is presented in Figure C-4. Those areas in the structure concerned with operating laboratories are the Water Supply Programs Divisions, the Applied Technology Division, and the Manpower Development Staff. Future laboratory needs have been identified for the Municipal Waste Water Programs Division and the Oil and Hazardous Materials Division. Program areas with operating laboratories (310000, 329000, 330000) are conducted at four field locations: Cincinnati, Ohio; Narragansett, R.I.; Gig Harbor, Wash.; and Dauphin Island, Ala. All four house opera- tions of the Division of Water Supply. The Manpower Development Staff and the Applied Technology Division maintain laboratories in Cincinnati. Sites have not been selected for codes without current field activities operations. Figure C-5 presents OWP's concept for management of its field facilities and programs. Program direction, operational direction, and supervision planned for OWP follow the same management lines as ORM's. In addition, there is a strong interface with the decentralized regional components of the programs. Executive officers are the focal points for the provision of services from outside organizations (buildings, con- tracting, and personnel) and for any centralized facility services (for example, analytical laboratories and library). C-II-1 ------- DEPUTY ASSISTANT ADMINISTRATOR FOR WATER PROGRAMS Manpower Development Staff o H H ro Director Pollution Source Control Programs Director Standards Development and Implementation Programs Applied Technology Division Municipal Waste Water Programs Division Planning and Interagency Programs Division Oil and and Hazardous Materials Division Water Quality Standards Division Water Pro Div FIGURE C-k. OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE ------- Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water Programs -Program Director o i H H vi. Executive Offices Centralized Facility Services Regional Programs Program in •Field Facility Outside Services. FIGURE C-5. OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS FIELD FACILITIES MANAGEMENT CONCEPT ------- The Water Supply Programs Division is the only EPA activity that produces or protects products (public water supply and shellfish) from the environment. Other EPA activities are geared to prevent public byproducts from entering the environment. Reflecting this situation, there are two pieces of legislation authorizing OWP activities and, thus, some differences in concept regarding the field laboratories. One of the most important problems facing the water supply programs is the establishment of adequate facilities to meet its needs. Current facilities are summarized in Table C-J- The laboratories should be established and maintained as a group of research and technical support facilities for the direct support of the programs. Liaison and close working relationships should be maintained between them and the water pollution control laboratories to provide for the exchange of technical information among the laboratories during emergencies or on other highly important problems facing the water supply or the water pollution control programs. These relationships will be influenced by their geographical locations. Where the two types of laboratories are located on adjoining sites ( such as the National Marine Water Quality Research Laboratory and the Northeast Water Supply Laboratory in Narragansett, R.I.), a plan for joint use of sophisticated and expensive research equipment (such as the mass spectrometer and electron microscope) should be established and followed. The projection of needs for additional laboratory facilities is made within the framework of certain concepts as follows: e Laboratories shall be located in strategic areas where impor- tant and/or unique water supply problems exist e To the extent possible, new facilities or expansion of exist- ing facilities will be constructed in proximity with existing or proposed water pollution laboratories. This allows for joint use of expensive and complicated analytical and other instrumentation, including the attendant staff to operate these pieces of equipment; special consideration must be made for adequate sources of marine water at some laboratories because of responsibilities dealing with shellfish and specialized facilities such as aquarium rooms, pilot plants, and the like must be available to each program; arrangements could also be made for central services such as GSA Car Pool, GSA store, library facilities, and maintenance services o The activities carried out in the several laboratories will be coordinated in planning, execution, and evaluation to ensure maximum utilization of facility and personnel resources o In addition to multidiscipline-oriented laboratories, the facilities will be provided with sufficient space designed and equipped for the high volume analytical and other services required to provide assistance to the technical operations arm of the water supply programs C-II-U ------- TABLE C-3 EXISTING LABORATORY RESEARCH FACILITIES, WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMS Name and Location Northwestern Water Hygiene Laboratory Gig Harbor, Wash. Gulf Coast Water Hygiene Laboratory Dauphin Island, Ala. Northeastern Water Supply Laboratory Narr agans ett, R.I. Cincinnati Water Hygiene Laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio Occupancy Status Temporary Building State Owned Government Owned Government Owned Privately Owned Rented Gross Space (sq ft) 3,700 12, 000 20,000 12,000 Staff Capacity 7 23 33 35 On Board 12 25 35 30 Types of Laboratory Facilities Bacteriology, virology, limited chemistry capabil- ity, small wet laboratory Similar to the Northeast Laboratory Chemistry, virology, microbiology, toxicology, wet laboratory with water temperature control Chemistry, microbiology, toxicology, pilot plant for water treatment studies o H H xln ------- o Staffing of the individual laboratories will take into consid- eration the important and unique water supply and shellfish problems identified with the particular geographical area of the laboratory. Table C-h lists additional laboratory facilities for water supply programs including completely new facilities located in strate- gically important geographic areas as well as modifications and addi- tions to existing facilities. The other water programs are more flexible as regards location, but sites should be selected so that they can receive direct analytical and support services from other EPA laboratories. For training programs, the availability of technical expertise to provide lectures should be con- sidered; in the areas of both training and technical assistance, the availability of speciality, technical expertise, and equipment for ana- lytical purposes is a requirement. Pending the development and main- tenance of adequate mechanisms to assure these services, OWP does not plan laboratory needs for these special purposes. The water supply laboratories will house the principal operations, including program development and evaluation support, development of water supply and shellfish standards, technical support and evaluation of regional water supply activities, and technical assistance. The technical support activities of the Applied Technology Division are designed to provide consultation to headquarters and regions, conduct special studies, provide for centralized low-level radionuclide anal- ysis in water for the Regions, and serve as a manpower pool for short- term increased regional needs. The direct training activities of the Manpower Development Staff are responsible for developing and con- ducting short-term in-house training courses. These courses are con- ducted either at the central facility or in cooperation with the regional training officers at any appropriate site. Many technical courses require specialized talent and laboratories that are borrowed for special lectures from local resources. The four existing water supply facilities will be summarized as a program package. Other programs are discussed separately. All have a priority of 1 since they are required by law. A detailed laboratory facility requirement report including discussion of additional facilities and details on expansion of current facilities is available. These Water Supply Laboratories as a group are faced with con- straints and deficiencies in terms of their capabilities for fully and effectively serving the needs of the programs. In general, these are inadequacies in size and type of facilities, understaffing in terms of numbers of professional and support personnel for the many problems on which work should be conducted, and lack' of professional and technical personnel and laboratory space for technical support to the operations C-II-6 ------- TABLE C-4 PROPOSED ADDITIONAL LABORATORY RESEARCH FACILITIES, WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMS Name and Location Northwestern Water Supply Laboratory Manchester, Wash. Gulf Coast Water Hygiene Laboratory Dauphin Island, Ala. Northeastern Water Supply Laboratory Narragansett, R.I. Cincinnati Water Hygiene Laboratory Cincinnati, Ohio Southwestern Water Supply Laboratory Calif., Nev., or Ariz. Northwest Water Treatment Laboratory Proposed Facility New Building on Government Site Modifications and Additions to Present Facility Modifications and Additions to Present Facility Space in New Pro- posed EPA Building New Building on Government Site Q a. Stationary Unit at a Community Water Supply Diversion Point b. Two Unit Mobile Water Treatment Plant Gross Space (sq ft) 18,1*00 ll*, 000 19,200 18, 000 18, 000 5, ooo Additional (A) or Total (T) Staff 1*0 (T) 13 (A) 30 (A) 1*0 (T) 1*0 (T) 8 7 Estimated Cost, $1000 1,820 1,120 2,1*00 500 1,800 300 Status Site acquired, plans and specifications completed Preliminary planning completed Plans and specifi- cations completed Funds required for furniture and equip- ment only Preliminary planning initiated o I H H -U unit must be located at the raw water sources; therefore, existing or proposed facilities in the northwest will not be suitable. ------- GULF COAST WATER HYGIENE LABORATORY, DAUPHIN ISLAND, ALA. The Gulf Coast Water Hygiene Laboratory, as in the case of the Northeast Water Supply Laboratory, is currently overcrowded and in critical need of laboratory space for investigations involving virology, chemistry, and biotoxicology. Efforts in the Gulf Coast area do not essentially duplicate activities in the northeast. The studies con- ducted at the Gulf Coast laboratories are designed around the climatic, hydrographic, and other peculiarities of the area that present quite different problems than prevail in the less temperate northeast area. There is a need to provide laboratory facilities designed and equipped for analytical and technical support to the operating arm of the water supply programs. To provide for these additional laboratory facilities, preliminary plans have been developed and submitted for internal review and consultation with facility management personnel. The plan includes a minimum of alterations to the present structure. In fact, the labora- tory modules will receive little if any modification, although they may be reassigned to other purposes than the specific discipline for which they are currently used. This facility provides for: e The development of improved analytical methods, including evaluation and standardization, for identifying chemical, biological, and viral contaminants in drinking, recreational, and food producing waters c Studies of harmful or potentially harmful biological sub- stances in the freshwater and marine environments o Technical assistance to the water supply operations program and technical services to the states and other Federal agencies on problems related to water supply in the southeastern areas of the United States. C-11-10 ------- NORTHEASTERN WATER SUPPLY LABORATORY, NARRAGANSETT, R.I. Activities are currently conducted at the Shellfish Sanitation Research Center. Plans are under development to add another 19,200 square feet of space to the Narragansett complex thereby permitting the expansion of water supply activities. The functional utility of the Narragansett Laboratory will thus be increased by permitting additional activities to be carried out in support of the overall program in virology, providing specialized facilities for hazardous research on pathogenic organisms and toxic chemicals,, and providing facilities for laboratory and technical assistance support to regional programs. The proposed facility will include laboratories that will allow study with highly infectious agents, including virus and infectious bacteria and protozoans. The facility will also allow for investigation of highly potent marine toxins such as that of paralytic shellfish poison. The construction of these additions is an example of the opportunity for the water supply programs and the water pollution control programs to operate cooperatively in facilities in close proximity and for mutual benefit. It would be desirable that the proposed additions and modifi- cations to the Northeastern Water Supply Laboratory and the proposed National Marine Water Quality Laboratory be constructed simultaneously and that the design and operation of these facilities be of such nature that mutual use of such facilities, equipment, and services may be maximized. The FY 1967 appropriation included $1,37^,000 for this con- struction. Inflation dictates that supplemental funds will be needed. C-II-11 ------- CINCINNATI WATER HYGIENE LABORATORY, CINCINNATI, OHIO The Cincinnati Water Hygiene Laboratory will provide for a program of technological studies leading to the development of scientific bases for health-oriented criteria for water quality, the development and evaluation of water treatment processes, and the determination of health effects of potentially toxic inorganic compounds, organics, and bio- logical substances. The facility will also be equipped and staffed to relate water quality to health and to maintain a National Water Quality Register of the characteristics of water supplies in the country. The current staff is temporarily housed in the Taft Center prior to moving to the proposed EPA building on the campus of the University of Cincinnati. The new facility will be provided with laboratories for chemistry, bacteriology, virology, toxicology and related disciplines, and water treatment engineering, including pilot plant facilities that may not be located in the new building. Appropriate support facilities such as animal rooms and media preparation facilities will be required, but these may be available as central services provided by the entire facility. C-II-12 ------- OWP LABORATORIES, EXCLUDING WATER SUPPLY Two OWP program activities are located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Decisions on other future activity location have not been made. Detailed facility requirements have been prepared for the entire Cincinnati complex, Including provisions for special features such as classrooms, mobile facility hookup, and field equipment storage. General Assistance, Technical Support The Applied Technology Division maintains a staff of support per- sonnel specializing principally in industrial wastes and radiological pollution of waters. The staff is a mix of engineering and laboratory personnel. The main functions are to provide: e Low level specific radionuclide analyses in water to water pollution control programs © Special industrial waste surveys c Emergency support to enforcement, Regional, and Headquarters needs c Spe-cial consultation to the Justice Department, Refuse Act Per- mit Program, and in review of Environmental Impact Statements o Assistance in coverage of emergency situations such as oil and hazardous materials spills. Current laboratory and office space is in a leased facility at 5555 Ridge Road. A shortage or lack of space has required dual occupancy with other programs. Present facilities are viewed as interim. A shortage of resources has prohibited developing this group into a working unit capable of meeting the variety of responses it could handle. This group's principal interaction has been with the ORM and NFIC activities in Cincinnati for cooperative laboratory work. Substantial interaction occurs with Region and Headquarters as needed, and support is provided to the National Training Center as needed. Direct Training Programs The Manpower Development Staff maintains the National Training Center in the Taft Center at Cincinnati. Its mission is to provide training for personnel of public agencies and other persons with suit- able qualifications in technical matters relating to the causes, pre- C-II-13 ------- vention, and control of water pollution. National Training Centers and central core training themes are listed below: Cincinnati, Ohio - Control Technology Training Program Corvallis, Oreg. - Ecologically-Oriented Training Program Research Triangle Park, N.C. - Health Effects Training Program Because of constrained funding in FY 1972 and FY 1973> Cincinnati will provide most of the training resources for the three national programs. Minimal training resources will be available at Corvallis and Research Triangle Park. Regional direct technical training needs for all water quality programs will be provided by satellite activities located in each Region. National direct technical training centers may play a dual role by providing training resources for Regions in which they are located. Regions II, IV, V, VI, and X currently have at least minimal direct technical training activities and facilities. The other Regions are in the process of investigating or developing such resources. Again, because of funding constraints, Regional direct technical train- ing activities will function at minimal personnel and facilities resource levels in FY 1972 and FY 1973. The National Training Center determines direct technical training needs of a national scope; plans, prepares, conducts, and evaluates a program of scheduled short-term training courses, symposiums, and seminars with national interest at Cincinnati, or by special arrange- ment, at other locations; supports training needs within Region V; pro- vides consultative services and support to other OWP offices, Federal agencies, foreign governments, all State, local, industrial, educational institutions, and other public agencies in matters relating to training and education in subject matter concerning causes, prevention, and con- trol of water pollution; and plans for, and performs, program support duties for OWP training operations at Cincinnati and, as requested, for all other OWP training facilities. ------- FUTURE LABORATORY NEEDS Work in program code 320703 (abatement and control - municipal sources of water pollution - financial assistance and incentives - operation and maintenance) is not in operation but is planned to be initiated in FY 197^ • The principal objectives are that laboratories in each Region should have the capacity to: o Provide backup for a Regional Office technical assistance program to cope with the more difficult municipal wastewater treatment plant process control problems that which will be identified in operation and maintenance inspections o Train and certify Federal and State wastewater treatment plant inspectors o Assist with development and implementation of a plant labora- tory rating program o Assist with education of instructors conducting treatment plant operator training c Develop and evaluate on-line instruments for monitoring of process operation and control. Implementation will involve the Regions and a centralized training activity to assist them. The latter may be achieved in conjunction with the manpower development program. Work in program code 32600 (abatement and control - oil and hazardous materials spills) currently does not have specific laboratory capability; plans are to begin such an activity in FY 197^- Specialized activities and resource constraints indicate that duplication in the Regions of all activities could not be accomplished, although the Regions will maintain the lead responsibility to respond to problems and call for assistance. Areas being considered for Regional support are specialized emergency laboratory response, analytical support, aerial surveillance and remote sensing, technical consultation, and other specialized activities. C-II-15 ------- TABLE C-5 LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS (water supply programs) Program Code -Facility Northwestern Laboratory 310000 Environmental Standards - Water 329000 Abatement and Control - Water Supply Systems 330000 General Assistance Total Gulf Coast Laboratory 310000 329000 330000 Total Northeastern Laboratory 310000 329000 330000 Total Cincinnati Laboratory 310000 329000 330000 Total FY72 $1000 112 76 36 22k 1*60 122 50 632 397 609 90 1096 11*5 723 132 1000 M/Y 6 5 2 13 16 6 3 25 19 20 3 1*2 7 29 8 1*1* FY73 $1000 112 76 36 22k 1*60 122 50 632 397 609 90 1096 1^5 723 132 1000 M/Y 6 5 2 13 16 6 3 25 19 20 3 1*2 7 29 8 1*1* FY71* $1000 291 176 100 567 369 1+70 195 1031* 580 1096 120 1796 209 1621* ll*9 1982 M/Y ll* 5 i* 23 17 12 2 31 22 35 5 62 9 1*8 8 65 FY75 $1000 379 132 128 639 527 590 210 1327 763 1273 150 2186 308 2l6o 169 2637 M/Y 16 8 5 29 23 17 7 >*7 28 1*1 6 75 12 62 8 82 FY76 $1000 1*68 359 ll*8 975 5l*7 660 210 ll*17 819 1720 158 2697 321 251*6 177 30l*l* M/Y 21 13 6 1*0 23 19 9 51 31 56 6 93 12 70 8 90 FY77 $1000 1*98 1*52 183 1133 577 690 220 ll*87 709 1936 158 2803 386 2361 177 2921* M/Y 22 18 7 1*7 23 20 9 52 28 62 7 97 15 68 8 91 o I H H I H ON ------- LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF WATER PROGRAMS (excluding water supply programs) Program Code - Facility Cincinnati 330000 General Assistance 330200 Technical Support 330603 Direct Training 320000 Abatement Control - Municipal Sources of Water Pollution 320703 Operation and Maintenance51 a 326000 Abatement and Control - Oil and Hazardous Materials Total FY?2 $1000 U15 3^0 — — 755 M/Y 21 16 — — 37 FY73 $1000 550 U60 — — 1010 M/Y 21 21 -- — 1+2 FY7^ $1000 75^ 500 500 7230 898!* M/Y 29 23 30 95 177 FY75 $1000 936 520 825 8850 11,131 M/Y 36 2k 35 106 201 FY76 - $1000 962 520 950 10,105 12,537 M/Y 37 2k ho 130 231 FY77 $1000 990 520 1000 11,650 1^,160 M/Y 37 2k ko 167 268 o I H H Implementation would require FY72 supplement or FY 73 amendment. New water legislation may require these. ------- APPENDIX D Office of Enforcement and General Counsel ------- The Office of Enforcement and General Counsel (OECG) plans a system of national field investigation centers (NFIC's). Their mission is to provide technical support on a quick-response basis for enforce- ment field investigations. NFIC's provide specialized expertise and laboratory analyses on a nonroutine basis for enforcement actions. They respond to the needs of the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water Enforcement, the Deputy Assistant Administrator for General Enforcement, and the Regional Administrators. In addition, they work jointly with the Surveillance' and Analysis Division in the Regional Office and with technical programs in the Off ice of Research and Monitoring, Office of Media Programs, and Office of Categorical Programs. Two NFIC's are currently in operation: one in Cincinnati (CFIC) and one in Denver (DFIC). They provide a highly mobile, interdisciplinary team of personnel capable of investigating and solving a wide variety of routine and complex water pollution problems. Table D-I presents their special areas of expertise. DFIC and CFIC conduct investigations on specific agricultural, industrial, and geographical (for example, lake eutrophication) problems and as a consequence are not identical. In addition, a Marine Investigation Center (MIC) is planned which will manage a national program of coastal investigation, technical assist- ance, and other necessary studies related to abatement of pollution in marine waters of the United States. An Air Pollution Field Investigation Center (APFIC) is planned for Research Triangle Park, N.C. This center will provide technical support for air pollution enforcement actions. Resources have been planned for enforcement actions involving stationary air pollution sources. The potential laboratory needs for the Mobile Source Enforcement program have not been determined. They may involve: import vehicle testing, assembly line testing, in-use testing, and fuels regulation. Plans for field investigation centers for the Pesticides Enforce- ment Program have not been determined at this time due to pending legis- lation. Nor have resources for field investigation centers been estimated for water hygiene, radiation, solid waste, or noise pollution, since EPA does not at this time have enforcement authority in these areas. D-l ------- TABLE D-l: SPECIFIC CAPABILITIES OF CINCINNATI AND DENVER FIELD INVESTIGATION CENTERS Bacteriological, chemical, and biological investigations in estuaries, lakes, rivers, streams, and discharges Limnological studies in all types of water bodies In-plant industrial waste surveys Municipal waste surveys Municipal waste treatment plant construction, operation, and design Adaption of new instrumentation and investigative techniques to enforcement field conditions On-the-job training of technical personnel Gathering and preparation of data for enforcement actions Survey design, implementation, and completion Compilation and interpretation of data from records and surveys Formulation of conclusions and recommendations Prediction of effects of pollution or pollution abatement on water quality Evaluation of waste treatment plant effectiveness Cause-effect relationships of wastes on aquatic life, water supplies, and other legitimate water uses Analog and digital computer capabilities to support field investigations In-plant control measures and process modification to reduce waste loads Reservoir operation and control Expertise on treatment of specific wastes is available in: Primary metals - steel, aluminum, lead, zinc Textile mill products Meat processing D-2 ------- Dairy products Canned and frozen foods Inorganic chemical production Organic chemical production Paper and allied products Petroleum refineries Oil fields Petrochemical processes Metal finishing Mercury Coke plant by-products Thermal Radiation Machine tool and metal fabrication Beet sugar Ore processing Foundries Mining Food processing Pulp and paper Dye manufacturing Agricultural drainage D-3 ------- Concept of NFIC's The concept of NFIC's involves three elements. First, the Surveil- lance and Analysis (S&A) Divisions in the 10 Regional Offices will be used for technical analyses, field investigations, and laboratory support for routine enforcement needs. The Divisions are equipped to conduct routine surveillance, monitoring, and small scale field studies for the more common pollutants. The S&A staffs provide laboratory assistance to State and local agencies and assist with matters of quality control. Second, NFIC's will provide specialized expertise and laboratory analyses when they exceed the resources or abilities of the S&A Divisions and will also supplement the resources of the Divisions when additional personnel and equipment are needed to conduct technical investigations. Specialized expertise and laboratory analyses are provided on a nonroutine basis, when necessary for enforcement actions. NFIC's provide technical support on a quick-response basis for field investigations. The staffs are expertly qualified to identify environmental insults which support EPA's legal position in enforcement actions and are a source of expert witnesses for some scientific specialities. Further, the NFIC's pro- vide assistance in developing reports on technical investigations which support enforcement actions and conferences. Third, OBGC will, in special situations, be able to call upon the laboratories managed by the Offices of Research and Monitoring, Cate- gorical Programs, and Air and Water Programs, for technical assistance not within the capabilities of NFIC's. NFIC's provide assistance when requested by the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water Enforcement, Deputy Assistant Administrator for General Enforcement, or the Regional Administrators. NFIC's for water pollution investigations report to the Deputy Assistant Administrator for Water Enforcement. The NFIC for air pollution reports to the Deputy Assistant Administrator for General Enforcement. When possible, NFIC's are to be located adjacent to EPA Research Centers for several reasons: e To permit partial utilization of common laboratory facilities o To develop close working relationships between enforcement and research personnel c To facilitate transition of research findings to enforcement field investigation teams o To minimize travel time and cost for consultation with research experts or utilization of library facilities. D-h ------- The concept of utilizing NFIC's is based on: e Providing agressive enforcement activities with maximum independence of external institutional pressures o Supporting the inordinate demand of court actions for evidentiary data e Providing maximum responsiveness to the needs of OEGC. NFIC's also ensure economic efficiency, flexibility of resources, and the capability of rapid cross-fertilization of research findings. NFIC's provide the flexibility to tackle tough cases on a quick- response basis when an environmental insult is publicly noticed. They are a strike-force capability which enhances managerial confidence in the ability to respond to unpredictable crises and national problems. The responsibilities of each Center are discussed by program codes. The resource requirements for each, in terms of dollars and man-years for fiscal 1972 through 1977; are grouped at the end of the appendix. D-5 ------- SECTION I: CINCINNATI AND DENVER FIELD INVESTIGATION CENTERS The Cincinnati Field Investigation Center (CFIC) and the Denver Center (DFIC) act under the control of Enforcement headquarters in sup- port of the Regions. Amoung the functions they perform: o Special water enforcement investigations retained under headquarters control for a variety of reasons, including expeditious action and privity of communication o Investigations of conditions that are international, nation- wide, or multiregional, accomplished under headquarters authority o Investigations requested by a specific Region to meet study needs beyond its immediate capabilities c Support of Regions by supplying specialized analyses and engineering services e Personnel training, improvement of investigation methods, and evaluation of equipment. D-I-1 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328501: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-ENFORCEMENT Objectives CFIC and DFIC provide OECG the technical support required to enhance water quality by the enforcement of procedures in the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA), as amended, and the Refuse Act of 1899. The Centers provide sound technical data through specialized studies conducted by experts in water pollution control. The specialized skills and disciplines of personnel of the Centers are continuously disseminated through on-site training and consultation with other personnel in EPA involved in water pollution control. Description Each Center: o Maintains a mobile group of experienced professional engineers, biologists, chemists, microbiologists, and other specialists for rapid response where pollution of the water environment does or may constitute violations of Federal, State, or local laws, regulations, or ordinances e Provides technical support to determine acceptability of State water quality, and, where necessary, provides the technical expertise and field investigations needed to assist in formu- lation of appropriate and acceptable standards o Provides expert testimony and advice on a wide variety of specialized technical disciplines, conducts water quality investigations, prepares reports, and presents evidence in support of OECG in connection with 180-day notices, con- ferences, hearings, court proceedings, and other related procedures o Obtains information on types and quantities of toxic sub- stances being discharged to public waters and reports findings to OECG o Provides technical consultative services to OECG, Regions, other Federal agencies, State and interstate agencies, and municipal and private entities. These services assist D-I-2 ------- in planning and conducting water pollution control activities so as to assure compliance with (or prove noncompliance with) Section 10 of FWPCA, as amended, comparable state laws and regulations, and other Federal statutes for protection of the water environment. (Consultative services to non-KPA groups are provided only with concurrence of the Deputy Assistant Adminis- trator for Water Enforcement.) Examples of such services include constituent analyses, treatment of industrial and municipal wastes, field-laboratory analytical procedures, eutrophication, subsurface waste disposal, agricultural and feed lot wastes, fish kills, thermal pollution, and toxic substances e Provides assistance to improve operation of wastewater treat- ment plants and develops and improves criteria for the design of new plants, insofar as required to assure compliance with water quality standards and enforcement of Section 10 of FWPCA, as amended e Develops and improves field investigative techniques and pro- cedures for evaluation of water quality for its own use and for use of other agencies charged with enforcement and compliance responsibilities e Conducts complex field investigations of pollution control problems in support of OECG which require specialized inter- disciplinary competencies, using its own personnel, as well as other employees of EPA. In cooperation with Regions, States, and other governmental agencies, also conducts or supervises large scale, field investigations requiring a greater number of personnel" than are available at the Center. In con- nection with such surveys, provides instruction on methods of conducting field studies e Acts as a technical advisor to OECG in the use of alternatives available for pollution abatement activities under the FWPCA, the Refuse Act, and State statutes. Priorities The priority of these Centers is 1.1. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Missions and resources are coordinated with the Marine Investigation Center to assure the most efficient utilization of water enforcement personnel and facilities. The Centers will be working with the Surveil- lance and Analysis Division in the Regional Offices to assure the best use of personnel and facilities. D-I-3 ------- There are calls on the Office of Research and Monitoring (ORM^ for rapid application of analytical research, recommendations for quality control, and especially calls upon experts for consultation in enforce- ment matters and for appearance as expert witnesses. These interactions are with all ORM laboratories on a national basis consistent with the broad scope of enforcement needs. There are similar calls on other Federal technical resources including DHEW, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Department of the Interior. Interaction with Other Laboratories There are calls for assistance from non-Federal institutions -- universities, foundations, and consulting laboratories. In turn, the Centers sometimes require consultation, expert testimony, specialized laboratory services, and assistance in design of instruments and laboratory automation. ------- SECTION II: MARINE INVESTIGATION CENTER The Marine Investigation Center (MIC) performs a number of functions: o Operates a field station under EPA's Office of Water Enforce- ment, and manages a national program of field investigations, technical assistance, and other necessary studies related to abatement of pollution in estuaries and other marine waters of the United States, in accordance with provisions of FWPCA and the functional responsibilities of EPA o Provides governmental coordination in enforcement investiga- tions as well as participates in development of marine regu- latory programs with other Federal and State agencies « Conducts water quality investigations and provides expert testimony and advice on a wide variety of specialized technical subjects related to enhancement of quality of marine waters in support of the Office of Water Enforcement e Initiates reports and distributes information on all matters of deleterious substances discharged to marine waters. Also, describes effects of such substances and recommends suitable control programs as well as pollution abatement methods for upgrading the quality of harvested shellfish. D-II-1 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328501: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-ENFORCEMENT Objectives In general,, MTC's objectives are similar to those of CFIC and DFIC, except that they apply specifically to marine waters. Prescription In general, MIC's activities are similar to those of CFIC and DFIC, except that they specifically involve marine waters. Projected Resources MIC's general requirements are shown in the laboratory resources sheets at the end of this Appendix. In addition, MEC has these special requirements: o Office space for scientists and administrative personnel (3,500 ft2) o Laboratory facilities for chemical and biological analysis of water and other materials (5,000 ft ) e Storage and working areas for boats and other field vehicles and equipment (2,000 ft2). Priorities The priority of this Center is 1.1. Relationship to Other EPA Programs In general, MIC bears the same relationship to other EPA programs as CFIC and DFIC. Interaction with Other Laboratories In general, MIC interacts with other laboratories in the same way as CFIC and DFIC. D-II-2 ------- SECTION III: AIR POLLUTION FIELD INVESTIGATION CENTER The Air Pollution Field Investigation Center (APFIC) performs the same functions as CFIC and DFIC, except in the area of air pollution control. PROGRAM CODE: 121500: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-STATIONARY SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION-ENFORCEMENT (SPECIFICALLY, 121502, 121503, AND 121505) Ob j ecti ves APFIC provides OECG the technical support required to enhance air quality by the enforcement of State implementation plans, standards of performance for new stationary sources, and national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants and other requirements of the Clean Air Act. The Center provides this support with sound technical data from specialized studies conducted by experts in air pollution control. Description In general, APFIC"s activities are similar to those of CFIC and DFIC, except that they involve air pollution. In addition, APFIC pro- vides capabilities in testing sources of pollution. APFIC can: o Perform source tests on new sources to assure compliance with standards of performance for new stationary sources e Conduct source tests, continuous network sampling, and labora- tory analyses in support of national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants e Conduct source tests and ambient air quality monitoring in support of enforcement of State implementation plans. Priorities The priority of this Center is 1.1. D-II-3 ------- Relationship to Other EPA Programs In general, APFIC "bears the same relationship to other programs as CFIC and DFIC. Interaction with Other Laboratories In general, APFIC interacts with other laboratories in the same way as CFIC and DFIC. ------- TABLE D-2 LABORATORY RESOURCES - OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL Program Code - Facility 328501, Abatement & Control - Multiple Sources of Water Pollution - Enforcement Cincinnati Field Investigation Center Denver Field Investigation Center Marine Investigation Center 121500, Abatement & Control - Stationary Sources of Air Pollution - Enforcement Air Pollution Field Investigation Center FY 72 $1000 1,600 1,500 a M/Y 6k 60 a FY 73 $1000 1,650 1,650 320 375 M/Y 66 66 20 15 FY 74 $1000 1,700 1,700 600 750 M/Y 66 66 35 30 FY 75 $1000 1,750 1,750 650 875 M/Y 66 66 35 35 FY 76 $1000 1,800 1,800 700 900 M/Y 66 66 35 35 FY 77 $1000 1,850 1,850 750 950 M/Y 66 66 35 35 tt H H Approximately 10 man-years and $200, 000 allocated to Cincinnati and Denver for estuary and marine water investigations ------- APPENDIX E Regional Offices ------- SECTION I: REGION I LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND Status Region I's current program objectives are to provide the following: e Analytical support in terms of chemistry, biology, and micro- biology to existing environmental pollution control programs c Technical assistance to other agencies within the Region for environmental pollution control programs e Expert testimony to support enforcement in the Region for environmental pollution control programs. Professional Staff Within Region I, present staffing by technical discipline is shown in Table E-I-1 TABLE E-I-1: PROFESSIONAL STAFF, REGION I Title Discipline Laboratory Chief Chemistry Chief Chemist Chemist Chemist Biology Chief Microbiologist Biologist Biologist Biologist Chemist Chemist Chemist Chemist Microbiologist Microbiologist Biologist Biologist E-I-1 ------- Director Technical Support Branch Research, Development, and Monitoring Branch Surveillance Branch Oil and Hazardous Materials Spill Section Industrial Pollution Control Section Inventory and Monitoring Section Pesticides Investigation Section FIGURE E-I-2. SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION ORGANIZATION, REGION I ------- DESCRIPTION OF LABORATORY SYSTEM Mission In the past, the mission of the Technical Support Branch has been fourfold: 1. Provide chemical, biological, and other necessary laboratory support to Regional programs for analysis of samples and identification of pollutants relating to all areas of environ- mental concern 2. Provide consultation and assistance to State, local, and other Federal agencies and industry in areas of laboratory method- ology, techniques, and quality control and provide support services, as required 3. Insure analytical quality control for Regional sample collec- tion, handling, and analyses 4. Provide technical expertise in testimony in support of enforce- ment actions. Since this mission reflects current EPA concepts, no change is required with the possible exception of expanding Item 2 above in terms of laboratory certification. However, these goals as stated may be misleading since resources now available essentially permit services for water pollution programs only. Additional manpower will provide suffi- cient development of laboratory support to all EPA programs within the Region since other resources are, for the most part, adequate. Projected Resources Laboratory resources are summarized in Table E-I-2. TABLE E-I-2: LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION 1 Fiscal Year 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 PRESENT Man 1000 Years 234 13 -- __ -- — __ ADDITIONAL Man 1000 Years 18 2 440 22 189 9 21 1 69 3 23 1 TOTAL PROJECTED Man 1000 Years 252 15 7^0 37 966 46 987 47 1025 50 1148 51 E-I-5 ------- The rationale for increased resources is essentially based upon the expansion of water programs as a result of present and proposed legislation and the emerging needs of the air and categorical programs. Two positions considered to be an immediate need in the laboratory are in the areas of technical assistance for analytical air determina- tions and overall analytical quality control. These requirements are currently being met with a part-time arrangement that is completely inadequate; therefore, we propose allocation and funding of positions for this purpose in FY 1972. In addition, we are forecasting an increase of J>6 people in the next 5 years. Since the need to implement these programs exists now, we are requesting 22 new positions in FY 1973 and 9 new positions in FY 197^- Of the overall total of new positions requested, 23 will principally relate to water programs, 10 to air programs, and 3 to categori- cal programs. In FY 1973? wg propose 16 positions in water programs, in- cluding 6 in enforcement, 5 in technical assistance, 2 in pollution source monitoring, and 3 others; 5 positions in air programs including 3 in tech- nical assistance and 2 in enforcement; and 1 position in the pesticides program. In FY 197^-, we would continue to proceed in essentially the same direction but with the requirement for fewer additional personnel. The priorities in a sense have been included in Table E-I-2; in terms of specific program areas, they have been discussed above and are shown in the summary table at the end of this section. It is difficult to define such priorities now in terms of specifics such as order of need, grade, and discipline, since much of the requirements lack definition at this time. We plan to maintain an updated inventory of future laboratory personnel needs. The predictions included here are based upon the fact that pesticides formulation determinations will continue to be performed in the Pesticides Program Office Laboratory in New York City in conjunction with the current enforcement program. Further, any future pesticides work in the Regional laboratory will be confined to limited residue analyses in air, water, and soils. Finally, it is apparent that increasing numbers of State, university, institutional, municipal, and private laboratories are providing data for use in evaluating EPA programs. To assure the validity of th^se data, a program of laboratory certification is required. The existing Regional EPA laboratories can best provide primary response to this need. E-I-6 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories The principal area of interaction as proposed would involve a pro- gram to develop compatibility in methods and techniques and to assure competency of personnel in those laboratories where data are generated for evaluation in conjunction with existing EPA programs. In addition, the normal requirements for technical assistance and support, particu- larly to State laboratories, will be expanded to encompass air and catergorical program areas. Finally, the contact and coordination with other EPA and non-EPA laboratories across the country- Cincinnati, Ohio, Gulfport, Miss.- will expand as program diversity and demand increase. E-I-7 ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of projected resources (dollars and man-years) for the components o~" the Region's pro- grams which require laboratories. The laboratory is maintained within the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may provide services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected labora- tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It was obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and ask- ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. These assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multi- media role, with programs under way in water, air, land, and other environ- mental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratory staff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise and skills to effectively implement national environmental programs. These summary tab- les reflect the revised staffing needs, based on these assumptions. E-I-fc ------- TABLE E-I-3 LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY, REGION I H vb PROGRAM CODE AIR 1J0200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 230200 WATER 310500 320300 321300 328200 328300 328400 325100 325400 320400 321400 322400 323400 324400 FY 72 $K M/Y 9 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 18 1 - - - - - FY 73 $K M/Y 60 3 - _ 60 3 - - - - - 20 1 - - 20 1 20 1 20 1 - - - FY 74 $K M/Y 84 4 21 1 - 63 3 - - - - - 21 1 - - 21 1 42 2 42 2 21 1 - - FY 75 $K M/Y 84 4 21 1 - 84 4 - - - - - 21 1 - - 21 1 42 2 42 2 21 1 - - FY 76 $K M/Y 90 4 23 1 23 1 90 4 23 1 - - - - 23 1 - - 23 1 45 2 45 2 23 1 - - FY 77 $K M/Y 90 4 23 1 23 1 90 4 23 1 - - - - 23 1 - - 23 1 45 2 45 2 23 1 - - Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division $K=units of $1,000 M/Y=man-years ------- TABLE E-I-3 (continued) fd H H O PROGRAM CODE WATER, cont. 320500 321500 323500 321*500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 3261*00 326500 3291*00 330200 330JOO 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 1+30200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 52l!tOO RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL IT 72 $K M/Y - - - - 11+1+ 8 - - - - - - - 1*5 3 - 36 2 - - - - - - - 252 15 IT 73 $K M/Y - - - - 280 lit 20 1 - - - - - 20 1 160 8 - 1+0 2 - - 20 1 - - - - 71*0 37 IT 7!* $K M/Y - - - - 315 15 21 1 - - - 21 1 - 21 1 189 9 - 1*2 2 - - 1+2 2 - - - - 966 1*6 IT 75 $K M/Y - - - - 315 15 21 1 - - - 21 1 - 21 1 189 9 - 1+2 2 - - 1+2 2 - - - - 987 1+7 IT 76 $K M/Y - - - - 337 15 23 1 - - - 23 1 - 23 1 202 9 - 1+5 2 23 1 - 1+5 2 - - - - 1025 50 IT 77 $K M/Y - - - - 337 15 1+5 2 - - - 23 1 - 23 1 202 9 - 1+5 2 23 1 - 1+5 2 - - - - 111+3 51 ------- SECTION II: REGION II LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND Mission Region II encompasses the New York-New Jersey area and also directs Puerto Rican activities. Since the country's largest and most congested metropolitan area is under its aegis as well as extensive shoreline including ocean, rivers, and lakes and their vessels, Region II's respon- sibilities are extremely varied. For the purposes of this document, focus will be on the Surveillance and Analysis Division (SAD) and its laboratory and field investigation services. Region II's Surveillance and Analysis Division and the Edison Water Research Division of NERC, Cincinnati, maintain an integrated laboratory program and facility at Edison, N.J. This type of operation is highly beneficial to both activities since it eliminates duplication of sophis- ticated scientific and field equipment, and fosters cross fertilization of multidiscipline teams. The Surveillance and Analysis Division, in addition to main- taining its own laboratory and field program at Edison, is responsible for assuring uniformity of analytical procedures and techniques in the two field offices - Puerto Rico and Rochester, N.Y. - reporting to the Regional Administrator. As required, Edison provides technical assist- ance to these offices since both installations maintain only basic laboratory and field capabilities. Objectives Responsibilities of SAD primarily involve providing technical serv- ices, in the form of laboratory analyses and field investigations, for the three operating Regional Divisions - Air and Water, Enforcement, and Categorical. Laboratory and investigating capabilities are located in Puerto Rico, Rochester, N.Y., and Edison, N.J., with the latter being the installation for carrying out the more complex and involved studies and analyses. The primary thrust of these facilities is in support of the enforce- ment program. Monitoring and surveillance, for the purpose of detecting violations in air and water quality standards, are also carried out. In E-II-1 ------- addition, response and damage assessment teams are activated during all oil and hazardous materials spill incidents occurring within the Region. Program Code Summary The following codes, all in the water area, comprise the SAD program: 310502 Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting 31050*1 Water Quality Control - Information System (Storet) 320*4-00 Pollution Source Monitoring - Municipal 320703 Operation and Maintenance 321UOO Pollution Source Monitoring - Industrial 326301 Spill Prevention and Response 326*100 Spill Monitoring 330201 Major Technical Support 330202 Basic Technical Support 330203 Estuarine and Oceanographic Studies 33020*1 International Activities 330302 Standards and Enforcement 330303 Technical Studies Present Laboratory Professional Staff Edison Laboratory Branch Chief, Laboratory Branch Chief, Chemistry Section Chemist Chemist Chemist Chemist Chief, Biology Branch Biologist Chief, Microbiology Br. Microbiologist F. T. Brezenski L. Kahn B. Deblinger W. Coakley R. Becker G. Karras E. Karvelis R. Davis I. Seidenberg I. Katz E-II-2 ------- Rochester Field Office, Laboratory Branch Acting Chief, Chemistry Section - M. ¥. Ruszaj Chemist - Z. Dobbs Chemist - H. F. Moore Chemist - F. Tedde Acting Chief, Biology Section - Sprague Puerto Rico Field Office No laboratory personnel assigned. LABORATORY SYSTEM CONCEPT Organization Figures E-II-1 and E-II-2 indicate the tentative and unapproved organization charts of Region II and the Surveillance and Analysis Division, respectively. Note that Figure E-II-1 indicates a Pesticides Inventory and Analy- sis Branch. At the present time, the investigating portion of this program has been assigned to the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region; however, the laboratory is still under Headquarters' control. It is contemplated that this facility will become a part of SAD. Management Process Unlike the other Divisions within the Region, Surveillance and Analysis does not have a Headquarters counterpart. Rather, this Division is responsible to the Regional Administrator, and receives both program and administrative direction from his office. Technical policy guide- lines are provided by the Assistant Administrator for Research and Monitoring in his role as Science Advisor for EPA. The Director receives general guidance regarding program goals and needs from the Regional Administrator. DESCRIPTION OF LABORATORY SYSTEM Edison Field Investigations Branch This Branch, which is equipped with a mobile laboratory, as well as a 65-foot oceangoing survey vessel, will' carry out a wide variety of complex field investigations designed to determine air emission and waste discharge rates and loadings, and assess environmental impact and damage resulting from waste discharges and spills. In addition to providing all E-II-3 ------- REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR DEPUTY REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR Surveillance & Analysis Division Air & Water Programs Div. FIGURE E-II-1. REGION II ORGANIZATION ------- i H Puerto Rico Laboratory Branch Edison Field Investigation Branch Operations & Review Section Chem Unit Bio Unit Micro Unit FIGURE E-II-2. SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION ORGANIZATION, REGION II ------- field and background services associated with these programs, complete interpretive reports will be provided to the Division requesting action. The Branch will consist of three sections: monitoring, investiga- tions, and oil and hazardous materials. All but the latter section will be subdivided into two units - air and water. The monitoring section will be primarily concerned with planning, coordinating, and implementing water and air surveillance programs to determine compliance with Federal standards. The investigations section, which will have four four-man investi- gating teams, will be primarily concerned with planning, coordinating, and carrying out studies relating to "point sources" of pollution - air emissions, municipal and industrial wastes, landfill runoff, thermal discharges, and the like. This section will have expertise and equip- ment such as unit processes, flow measurement, and electronic monitoring equipment. The oil and hazardous materials section is primarily responsible for responding to oil and hazardous materials spills, 2k hours a day. It is also involved in assessing the environmental damages resulting from these catastrophes as well as developing a program of inspection of terminals, lagoon storage areas, tank farms, and the like, to prevent spills. Edison Laboratory Branch This Branch provides analytical services in the areas of micro- biology, chemistry, and biology. More specifically, samples from the enforcement, water hygiene, water quality surveillance, and industrial and sanitary waste programs are characterized for chemical contaminants, microbial populations, and biological flora. The laboratory maintains marine-oriented expertise in the three disciplines since the major study area is salt water. In this vein, a methodology review program and quality control program is maintained. Microbiology Section Surveillance Unit - Responsible for the determination of bac- terial densities in bathing beach and shellfish harvesting waters; bottom sediments; sewage treatment plant effluents; food and paper processing plant effluents. These activities are accomplished by assaying for routine indicator bacteria (coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal strepto- cocci). This unit also has the capability of performing detailed micro- biological examinations to determine nature and source of contamination. For example, biochemical and serological characterizations of the Group D streptococci are performed since many of these organisms are host specific. E-II-6 ------- Pathogenic Unit - Has the capability to detect and identify patho- genic microorganisms in samples mentioned above. Organisms tested for are: Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Liptospira, and Staphylococci. Detection systems include biochemical, serological, and fluorescent antibody. Water Hygiene Unit - Responsible for characterizing the bac- teriological quality of water supply and potable water treatment systems. Membrane filtration and MPN procedures are used to accomplish this func- tion. The following disciplines function in the microbiology program: Microbiologists (Professional) 2 Immunologist (Virologist) 1 Microbiology Technicians 3 University Co-op Student 1 Biology Section The Biology Section provides qualitative data on macroorganisms residing in the benthic and aqueous phases of fresh and marine waters. Prime concern is given to productivity as measured by chlorophyll content and to ultimate oxygen demands of sediments and water as measured by Warburg respirometry. The section maintains test animals for bioassay and provides toxicity data on hazardous chemical spills. It also responds to fish kills and Red Tide in conjunction with established programs with representatives from New Jersey, New York, and Sandy Hook laboratories. Two professional biologists carry out these functions. Chemistry Section Oil and Hazardous Materials Unit - Provides analytical services to the oil and hazardous materials response team. Specific functions include the extraction and identification of oil and chemicals from salt and fresh water. Attempts to identify the source of spill materials by organic and inorganic chemical characterization with relation to source compounds obtained from oil tankers, refineries, and chemical plants. Trace Elements Analysis Unit - By emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, heavy metals are detected, identi- fied and assayed in water, fish, sediment, and aquatic vegetation. The unit provides expert testimony and toxic metal data for enforcement programs. Inorganic Analysis Unit - Performs routine sanitary chemistry on industrial and municipal wastes. Parameters include phenols, cyanides, E-II-7 ------- fluorides, and arsenic. Provides data on chemical water quality of streams and estuaries via BOD, pH, DO, nitrogen and phosphorous cycle components, COD, TOD, turbidity, color, and suspended materials. Most of the above activity is accomplished by auto-analyzers and wet chemical methodology. Organic Analysis Unit - Provides organic characterization of process wastes and specific residues such as chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. Analyzes sewage treatment plant effluents, salt water, and fresh water receiving streams for total organic carbon content. Pro- vides support to oil and hazardous unit. Accomplishes the above by use of UV and infra-red spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and column chroma- tography. Air Analysis Unit - Analyzes for air contaminants. Par- ticulates, gases, and hydrocarbons are identified and assayed. These activities are accomplished by auto-analyzers and gas chromatog- raphy. At the present time, there is no active laboratory program of air analyses. Requests for personnel to perform such analyses have been made. Present equipment (Technicon auto-analyzers and gas chromatographs) is being complemented and modified to meet these needs. The following disciplines function in the chemistry program: Analytical Chemists 2 Organic Chemist 1 Inorganic Chemists 2 Chem. Lab Technicians 3 University Co-op Student 1 Operations and Review Section This section provides the laboratory with a quality control pro- gram to ensure that data derived from laboratory sections are accurate. It maintains contact with the EPA Analytical Quality Control (AQC) Unit in Cincinnati, Ohio. Besides specifying methodology as presented in the EPA manual, it participates in the round-robin testing and method evaluation program of AQC, primarily in the area of chemical analyses. At the pres- ent time there is no active EPA-wide AQC program for microbiology. Cur- rently, committees and task groups are being established; however, in the area of shellfish testing a control has been established. This procedure involves the processing of reference shellfish samples and participation in a newly established program with the National Shellfish Sanitation Program and the Food and Drug Administration. Finally, this section is responsible for automating routine chemical analyses where applicable and modifying current fresh-water procedures (as required) for salt water. This activity is important since most of the project study areas involve estuary and marine waters. Quality control charts and IBM System 7 E-II-8 ------- mini-computer programs are being established to provide overall control of chemical data. There is no separate staffing pattern for this section. A microbiologist and chemist from the microbiology and chemistry sections, in addition to regular duties, are detailed to carry out these functions. One university co-op student provides technician services for this sec- tion. Puerto Rico Field Office - Laboratory Branch Presently consisting of a mobile laboratory, this Branch is under the day-to-day supervision of the San Juan Office Director. Technical direction of the laboratory staff in the areas of analytical methods, data reporting procedures, analytical quality control, and the like is the responsibility of this Division. Basic chemical, microbiological, and biological investigations and analyses will be conducted by this facility. Trace element, pesticide and/or oil analyses, which may be required as part of an ongoing program, will be provided by the Edison Water Quality Laboratory. It is anticipated that laboratory personnel at this facility will perform a dual function: they will be responsible for participating in field investigations and studies as well as labora- tory services. Rochester Field Office The Rochester Field Office provides laboratory and field investi- gating services, in the northern area of New York State, for the three Regional Divisions. Also, it has International Joint Commission respon- sibilities, which are primarily limited to monitoring and reporting on changes in water quality on the American side of Lake Ontario. Also located at Rochester is the International Field Year on the Great Lakes (IFYGL) study group, which receives technical direction from research and monitoring and administrative direction from this office. Region II's responsibility for this program also involves providing all neces- sary sampling and chemical analyses associated with this research activity. The Operations Branch is responsible for providing complete laboratory - chemical, biological, microbiological analyses - and field investigating services. Essentially, this Branch is a smaller, and combined mirror image of the Laboratory and Field Investigations Branches at Edison. The Technical Support Section will handle such things as all nonroutine industrial investigations, IJC reporting responsibilities, STORET data handling and retrieval, oil and hazardous materials spills, air pollution inquiries, and citizen inquiries. PROJECTED RESOURCES AND PROGRAMS The present laboratory staff at Edison, N.J., under SAD totals 19. To provide adequate services for the Air and Water Division, Enforcement Division, and Categorical Division programs plus the surveillance and monitoring program, staffing would be as shown in Table E-II-1. E-II-9 ------- TABLE E-II-1. STAFFING REQUIREMENTS, REGION II Needs Present FY72 FY73 FY?U FY75 FY76 FY?7 Technical Staff 16 29 5^ 59 6l 65 72 Clerical Staff 2 3 3 3 U U k Lab Support Staff 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 Total 19 3^ 60 65 68 72 79 The Edison Laboratory has been operating as a "Regional" facility even though staffing and budgeting have not been compatible with this mission. This fact is one reason why immediate and then gradual pro- gressive growth as shown above is required. The close interaction with the R&M laboratory allowed for operation at this level. The real stress point, however, was with inadequate position allocation. The laboratory concept calls for a strong, centralized, laboratory base at Edison, N.J. The Rochester Field Office must operate as a satellite to serve the western portion of New York. Logistics make it impractical for this area to be serviced by the Edison laboratory. The mobile laboratory, however, will be available for support if needed. The Rochester facility has the capability for routine chemical analyses and basic biological work. It does not have the capability for microbiological analyses. Consequently, assistance must be provided by the Edison laboratory. In addition, trace metals, pesticides, and oil identifications will be per- formed at Edison since instrumentation such as GC, atomic absorption, IR, UV, and emission spectroscopy are available there. Tentative plans are for the Pesticides Inventory and Analysis Branch to remain in New York. Cost for constructing this laboratory at another location was estimated to be $500,000, and relocation at this time would be uneconomical. For FYT3, ^1 people are needed for Edison and the remainder for Rochester (9) and Puerto Rico E-II-10 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories As mentioned previously, there is a great deal of interaction between the NERC's, specifically Cincinnati, and SAD since we share common laboratory facilities and equipment. Also, because of location, there is significant interplay between the Edison Laboratory and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration's Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory, Sandy Hook, N.J. In the past, sampling programs have been combined, analysis performed, and interlaboratory training provided with this facility. As a result of the types of programs normally handled by a "Regional Laboratory," there is always a great deal of interplay among commonwealth, interstate, and State laboratories. Training and technical assistance are frequently provided to the Interstate Sanitation Commission, New York Department of Environmental Conservation, New Jersey Department of Envi- ronmental Protection, Environmental Quality Board, Puerto Rico, and the respective Health Departments in the Virgin Islands. E-II-11 ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of projected resources (dollars and man-years) for the components of the Region's pro- grams which require laboratories. The laboratory is maintained within the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may provide services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected labora- tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It was obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and ask- ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. These assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multi- media role, with programs under way in water, air, land, and other environ- mental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratory staff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise and skills to effectively implement national environmental programs. These summary tab- les reflect the revised staffing needs, based on these assumptions. E-II-12 ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY, REGION II H H PROGRAM CODE AIR 130200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 230200 WATER 310500 320300 321300 328200 328300 328400 325100 325400 320400 321400 322400 323400 324400 FY 72 $K M/Y 66 3 - - - - 220 10 - - - 176 8 - - 22 1 110 5 132 6 - 22 1 - FY 73 $K M/Y 161 7 - - - - 253 11 - - - 184 8 - - 23 l 115 5 138 6 - 23 1 - FY 74 $K M/Y 216 9 - - - 12 0.5 264 11 - - - 192 8 - - 24 1 120 5 144 6 - 24 1 - FY 75 $K M/Y 275 11 - - - 25 1 275 11 - - - 200 8 - - 25 1 125 5 150 6 - 25 1 - FY 76 $K M/Y 286 11 - - - 26 1 286 11 - - - 208 8 - - 26 1 130 5 156 6 - 52 2 - FY 77 $K M/Y 324 12 - - - 27 1 297 11 - - - 243 9 - - 27 1 162 6 162 6 - 54 2 - Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division $K=units of $1,000 M/Y=man-years ------- TABLE E-II-2 (continued) H PROGRAM CODE WATER, cent. 320500 321500 323500 321*500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 3261+00 326500 3291*00 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 1*30200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 521400 RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 ?K M/Y - - - - 132 6 1*1* 2 - 22 1 - 88 1* - 11 0.5 132 6 1*1* 2 - 1*1* 2 11 0.5 11 0.5 - - - - 1287 58.5 FY 73 $K M/Y - - - - 161 7 1*6 2 - 23 1 - 92 1* - 11.5 0.5 161 7 69 3 - 1*6 2 23 1 23 1 - - - - 1552.5 67.5 FY 7!* $K M/Y - - - - 168 7 1*8 2 - 1*8 2 - 96 1* - 12 0.5 168 7 72 3 - 1+8 2 2l+ 1 2l* 1 - - - - 1701* 71 FY 75 $K M/Y - - - - 200 8 50 2 - 50 2 _ - 100 1* - 12.5 0.5 175 7 75 3 - 50 2 25 1 37-5 1.5 - - - - 1875 75 FY 76 $K M/Y - - - - 208 8 52 2 - 52 2 - 130 5 - 13 0.5 208 8 101* 1* - 52 2 26 1 52 2 - - - - 2067 79-5 FY 77 $K M/Y - - - - 216 8 51* 2 - 108 2 - 135 5 - 13-5 0.5 216 8 108 1* - 5'* 2 51* 2 67.5 2.5 - - - - 2268 81* ------- SECTION III: REGION III LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND Laboratories presently under the supervision of Region III are responsible for providing support for all elements of the Regional water pollution control program. Laboratory support for water hygiene, air pollution, solid wastes, radiation, and pesticides programs is presently provided by other laboratories having national responsibilities in these areas. The extent, method, and timing of any decentralization of this support is unresolved at this time. This plan includes resources for these programs in only qualitative terms since no planning base exists. Region III laboratories are located in Wheeling, W. Va; Annapolis, Md; and Charlottesville, Va. The Charlottesville Laboratory will be moved to Philadelphia during FT72 and will serve as the basis for a central technical support laboratory. The remaining two laboratories will continue to provide routine support for sampling in the geographic areas served by the Annapolis and Wheeling Field Offices. All analyses requiring special equipment or expertise will be performed by the Philadelphia Laboratory. Table E-III-1 is a summary of pertinent infor- mation concerning each of the Laboratories. LABORATORY SYSTEM CONCEPT The Annapolis and Wheeling Laboratories are supervised by a Chief Chemist who is administratively responsible to the Field Office Director. Technical and overall program supervision is provided by the Chief, Tech- nical Support Branch, Division of Surveillance and Analysis. The Phila- delphia Laboratory is under the direct supervision of the Chief, Technical Support Branch. The three laboratories are operated as a single unit. Workloads and specific analytical assignments are determined by the Chief, Technical Support Branch, in consultation with the Field Office Directors and the Chief, Surveillance Branch. Work assignments are made to provide for maximum operational efficiency of the three laboratories and for best utilization of available equipment and expertise. DESCRIPTION OF LABORATORY SYSTEM The present laboratory system is composed of a central laboratory and two satellite laboratories providing laboratory support for all Regional water pollution control programs. Because of the time dependence of many E-III-1 ------- TABLE E-III-1: TECHNICAL SUPPORT BRANCH, REGION III i H H ro Laboratory Priir.ary Support Responsibility Special Expertise Staff Space Major Equipment Special Equipment Work Load (Surfer Average) Samples Analysis Critical Needs Charlottesville (Philadelphia) Region III - All Non-Routine Analysis Fresh Waters Tributary to the Atlantic Ocean Sanitary Chemistry Organic Chemical Analysis Sediments Fresh Water Benthos Chemist 5 Bacteriologist 1 Biologist 1 lion-Professional 0 Temporary k- Tentative Requested Present for Phila. Lab U.ltOO sq ft 5,000 sq ft Office 1,300 sq ft 3,000 sq ft Storage 2,000 sq ft 3,000 sq ft Outdoor Storage 5,000 sq ft 6,000 sq ft Atomic Absorption Gas Chromatograph IR Spectrophotometer Autoanalyzer Titralyzer TOC Analyzer Boats , l6-ft John Boat One UO-ft Trailer Laboratory 200/Month 3,000/Konth Staff Equipment in Microbiology Laboratory Annapolis Estuarine Waters Sanitary Chemistry Bacteriological Analysis Nutrients Sediments Marine Plankton Chemist 3 Bacteriologist 2 Biologist 1 Non-Professional 5 Temporary 5 Present Lab 2,300 sq ft Office 2,300 sq ft Storage 1,100 sq ft Outdoor Storage 1, 100 sq ft Atomic Absorption Gas Chromatograph IR Spectrophotometer Autoanalyzer (2) TOC Analyzer Boats One 36 -ft Inboard One 23-ft Inboard -Outboard Two 16 -ft Outboard Four Automatic Water Quality Monitors 600/Konth 6,000/Konth Staff Additional Space Wheeling Ohio River Basin Sanitary Chemistry Industrial Waste Mine Drainage Fresh Water Fish Chemist 5 Bacteriologist 1 Biologist h Non -Professional 1 Temporary 1 Present Lab 2,600 sq ft Office 1,000 sq ft Storage 2,200 sq ft Outdoor Storage 2,100 sq ft Atomic Absorption Gas Chromatograph IR Spectrophotometer Autoanalyzer Titralyzer TOC Analyzer Boats One 2U- ft Inboard Two l6-ft John Boats One UO-ft Trailer Laboratory One Automatic Water Quality Monitor 250/Month 12,000/Month None ------- of the analyses performed and relatively long travel time from many parts of the Region to Philadelphia, the two permanent satellite labora- tories are needed at their present locations. Many of the analyses are performed specifically for enforcement purposes and virtually all others have potential enforcement applications; therefore, it will not be feasible to utilize other non-EPA laboratories to support surveillance and monitoring activities. Major programs now supported include the enforcement, water quality monitoring, and planning elements of the Regional water pollution control program. More than half of the resources are programmed to be used directly in conjunction with the enforcement program. Individual program elements supported by the laboratories are listed in Table E-III-2. It is anticipated that analytical support for other EPA programs will be provided by the Philadelphia Laboratory with the assistance of the Annapolis and Wheeling Laboratories. The supervision and administrative framework now established will be adequate to support these programs. Because of the special needs of the air pollution control program, most of the analytical work associated with sampling will be performed in the field. A minimum of one and, ideally, three self-propelled moni- toring vans are needed to support anticipated enforcement-related moni- toring by mid-FY73. Three self-propelled laboratories are needed to support the water program. One mobile laboratory would be assigned to each of the existing laboratories and staffed by analytical laboratory staff. For the pur- poses of this plan, it is assumed that all six of the needed vans will be obtained in FY73- It is also assumed that the facilities and re- sources required to support the monitoring phase of the Refuse Act Pro- gram will be made available. This program will utilize newly allocated resources that will not count against the ceilings imposed by the guide- lines. Additional resources are needed greatly exceeding the 5 percent aver- age program growth rate specified in the guidelines for development of the plan. Reorientation of the water pollution control program to stress enforcement is placing an increasingly heavy workload on the already minimal resources. E-III-3 ------- TABLE E-III-2: LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION III i H H H I Program Code 310502 320303 3201*00 320502 320703 321302 3211+00 321502 321301 3221*00 323502 3231*00 32UUOO 321*502 325100 326301 326503 330202 330201 130200 1+30200 521500 610500 Short Title Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Ocean Disposal Permits Pol. Source Monit. - Municipal Enforcement Field Invest. -Mun. Oper.& Maintenance -Mun. Refuse Act Permits Pol. Source Monit. -Ind. Enforcement Field Invest. -Ind. Licenses and Permits Pol. Source Monit.- Trans. Enf. Field Invest. - Agriculture Pol. Source Monit. - Agriculture Pol. Source Monit. -Mining Enf. Field Invest. -Mining Fed. Activities Assistance Spill Prevention & Response Enforcement Actions Basic Technical Support Major Technical Support Air -Technical Assistance Solid Wastes -Technical Assistance Pesticides - Enforcement Radiation - Environmental Surveillance Subtotal Major Equipment Items Total FY?2 $1000 lU,OCO - - 110,000 - 56,000 16,000 138,000 10,000 - - . - 10,000 16,000 6,000 12,000 8,000 86,000 98,000 l+.OOO 2,000 - _ 586,000 150,000 736,000 M /Y 0.7 0 0 5.5 0 2.8 0.8 6.9 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.1* It. 3 i*.9 0.2 0.1 0 0 29-3 Pa 1-10 2-1 1-12 1-2 1-18 1-8 1-11 1-1 1-9 1-16 1-5 1-15 1-13 1-3 1-17 l-ll* 1-1* 1-6 1-7 FY73 $1000 ll*,000 - - 110,000 - 136,000 16,000 138,000 10,000 - - - 10,000 16,000 6,000 12,000 8,000 86,000 98,000 120,000 10,000 - _ 790,000 350,000 1,11*0,000 M /Y 0.7 0 0 5.5 0 6.8 0.8 6.9 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 O.I* l*.3 U.9 6.0 0.5 0 0 39-5 p 1-10 2-1 1-12 1-2 1-18 1-8 1-11 1-1 1-9 1-16 1-5 1-15 1-13 1-3 1-17 l-ll* 1-1+ 1-6 1-7 FY7l* $1000 lit, 000 - 2,000 100,000 2,000 ll*l*,000 16,000 11*6,000 10,000 - - - 10,000 16,000 6,000 12,000 8,000 86,000 98,000 126,000 10,000 - _ 806,000 75,000 881,000 M/Y 0.7 - 0.1 5.0 0.1 7.2 0.8 7.3 0.5 0 0 0 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.1* 1*.3 "*.9 6.3 0.5 0 0 1*0.3 p 1-10 2.1 1-12 1-2 1-18 1-8 1-11 1-1 1-9 1-16 1-5 1-15 1-13 1-3 1-17 l-ll* 1-1* 1-6 1-7 FY75 $1000 16,000 2,000 2,000 96,000 2,000 150,000 18,000 152,000 12,000 - 2,000 2,000 12,000 18,000 6,000 ll*,000 8,000 86,000 98,000 166,000 12,000 - _ 871* , ooo 75,000 9!+9,000 M/Y 0.8 0.1 0.1 1+.8 0.1 7.5 0.9 7.6 0.6 0 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.1+ U.3 1+.9 8.3 0.6 0 0 1*3.7 P 1-10 2-1 1-12 1-1* 1-18 1-8 1-11 1-1 1-9 1-16 1-5 1-15 1-13 1-2 1-17 1-11+ 1-3 1-6 1-7 FY76 $1000 16,000 2,000 2,000 92,000 2,000 156,000 18,000 158,000 12,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 12,000 18,000 6,000 ii+,ooo 10,000 86,000 98,000 166,000 12,000 - _ 886,000 75,000 961,000 M/Y 0.8 0.1 0.1 1+.6 0.1 7.8 0.9 7.9 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.5 1+.3 1+.9 8.3 0.6 0 0 1*1*. 3 P 1-10 2-1 1-12 1-1* 1-18 1-8 1-11 1-1 1-9 1-16 1-5 1-15 1-13 1-2 1-17 l-ll* 1-3 1-6 1-7 FY77 $1000 18,000 l+.OOO 1+,000 88,000 l+.OOO 162,000 20,000 i6U,ooo ii+,ooo 2,000 1*,000 1*,000 ii+,ooo 20,000 6,000 16,000 10,000 86,000 98,000 166,000 12,000 - _ 898,000 75,000 973,000 M/Y 0.9 0.2 0.2 1+.1+ 0.2 8.1 1.0 8.2 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.8 0.5 It. 3 1+.9 8.3 0.6 0 0 1+5.8 P 1-10 2-1 1-12 1-1+ 1-18 1-8 1-11 1-1 1-9 1-16 1-5 1-15 1-13 1-2 1-17 1-lU 1-3. 1-6 1-7 "p = Priority. ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of projected resources ( dollars and man-years) for the components of the Region's pro- grams which require laboratories. The laboratory is maintained within the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may provide services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected labora- tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It was obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and ask- ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. These assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multi- media role, with programs under way in water, air, land, and other environ- mental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratory staff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise and skills to effectively implement national environmental programs. These summary tab- les reflect the revised staffing needs, based on these assumptions. . E-III-5 ------- TABLE E-III-3 LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY, REGION III t H H H I ON PROGRAM CODE AIR 130200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 2J0200 WATER 310500 320300 321300 328200 328300 328^00 325100 325^00 320^00 321400 322^00 323^00 32^00 FY 72 $K M/Y k 0.2 - - - - 14 0.7 - 10 0.5 - 56 2.8 - - - 26 1.3 - - - - FY 73 $K M/Y 120 6 - - - - 20 1 - 10 0.5 - 136 6.8 - - - kk 2.2 - - - - FY Ik $K M/Y 220 11 - - - 2 0.1 2k- 1.2 2 0.1 16 0.8 - 214 10.7 - - - 62 3.1 - - - - FY 75 $K M/Y 220 11 - - - 2 0.1 26 1.3 2 0.1 16 0.8 - 22k 11.2 - - - 66 3-3 - - - - FY 76 $K M/Y 2^0 12 - - - 2 0.1 28 1.4 2 0.1 16 0.8 - 236 11.8 - - - 70 3-5 - - - - FY 77 $K M/Y 2^0 12 - - - 2 0.1 30 1.5 2 0.1 16 0.8 - 2^8 12. h - - - 1^ 3-7 - - - - Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division $K=units of $1, 000 M/Y=man-years ------- TABLE E-III-3 (continued) I H PROGRAM CODE WATER, cent. 320500 321500 323500 321*500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 326^00 326500 3291*00 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 430200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 521400 RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 $K M/Y - - - - 138 6.9 - 6 0.3 - 20 1 - - - 144 7.2 - 20 1 - - - - - - - 438 21.9 FY 73 $K M/Y - - - - 200 10 - 6 0.3 6 0.3 20 1 - - 8 0.4 144 7.2 - 20 1 - 6 0.3 30 1.5 - - - - 770 38.5 FY 74 $K M/Y . - - - - 344 17.2 - 10 0.5 10 0.5 20 1 - - 16 0.8 176 8.8 - 20 1 - 20 1 60 3 - - - - 1216 60.8 FY 75 $K M/Y - - - - 362 18.1 - 10 0.5 10 0.5 20 1 - - 16 0.8 184 9.2 - 20 1 - 20 1 60 3 - - - - 1258 62.9 FY 76 $K M/Y - - - - 380 19 - 10 0.5 10 0.5 22 1.1 - - 16 0.8 194 9.7 - 22 1.1 - 22 1.1 60 3 - - - - 1330 66.5 FY 77 $K M/Y - - - - 400 20 - 10 0.5 10 0.5 24 1.2 - - 16 0.8 204 10.2 - 24 1.2 - 24 1.2 60 3 - - - 1384 69.2 ------- SECTION IV: REGION IV LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND The organization of EPA has resulted in strong delegation of author- ity to Regional Offices. This delegation includes most of the legisla- tively mandated assignments and Agency missions - including, but not limited to, enforcement, surveillance, and technical support/assistance activities. The need for technical data to support all Regional activ- ities has grown to such proportions that a Regional laboratory is an absolute necessity for fulfilling EPA goals. Proximity to study areas, knowledge of a Region's environmental problems, and effective interper- sonal relationships between laboratory and client all point to a system consisting of laboratories to support the Regional Office's delegated responsibility. The Surveillance and Analysis Division (SAD) provides the core on which to build a Regional laboratory operation. In Region IV, a technical support laboratory for the water program has existed for several years at Athens, Ga. The Southeast Water Laboratory (SEWL) has provided almost all data used for enforcement, technical assistance to State and Federal agencies, and many other technical serv- ices. Building on this capability, the new SAD laboratory will provide the technical support (analyses, expertise, data processing, systems analysis, investigations, and the like) required by all Regional Office activities. The laboratory will be established on a functional basis. Because of the proven practicality of and necessity for maintaining analytical, field, investigatory, and data processing personnel in a cohesive work force, almost all SAD activities will be considered as the Region's laboratory support unit. Requests for SAD assistance normally take the form of field studies, analyses, data processing, and reporting with SAD personnel overlapping into more than one activity. The objectives of the current laboratory system are: e To provide investigations and technical data in support of enforcement activities, including the Permit Program c To provide technical assistance in the form of studies and analyses to local agencies, States, and other Federal E-IV-1 ------- agencies in Region IV in matters dealing with environmental protection o To provide a program of laboratory and investigatory support for all other Regional activities within authority provided by Federal legislation e To provide analytical support within available resources to other EPA organizations when unique capabilities in the Region IV laboratory would benefit high-priority programs in these organizations e To direct the Region IV environmental monitoring program o To collect information and data for pollution source inven- tories . Although these objectives refer chiefly to the water program, some support of air and categorical programs has been initiated. The major laboratory support for air, pesticides (formulation analyses), radio- logical, and solid wastes programs is provided by EPA laboratories at Raleigh-Durham, Gulfport, Montgomery, and Cincinnati, respectively. No laboratory requirements for a Reg-iona! noise program have been identi- fied a^ this time. Although Cincinnati has provided water hygiene labora- tory support in the past, Region IV SAD is now assuming this responsibility Permanent staff members by discipline are listed in Table E-IV-1. The number of temporary employees varies; presently, they number approx- imately 25 - mostly technicians, aides, and clerical staff. LABORATORY SYSTEM CONCEPT Technical support is required nationally for all EPA programs. The broad responsibilities carried by the Regions, however, demand that a support group be established within each Region. The Surveillance and Analysis Divisions were established to meet such responsibilities. These Divisions must have laboratory capabilities to fill technical assistance and surveillance needs as well as enforcement requirements. Without Regional laboratory capabilities, the effectiveness of the SAD's will be diminished and perhaps eliminated altogether in some program support areas. As mentioned previously, a support laboratory for water programs has existed for several years in Athens, Ga. Field laboratories were established to answer the needs of long-term studies; at present, two such field sites exist: Fort Lauderdale, Fla., and Naples, Fla. The primary support laboratory in Athens is located at the SEWL facility. This laboratory houses three national research programs aligned with the National Environmental Research Center (NERC) in Corvallis, Oreg. E-IV-2 ------- TABLE E-IV-1: PRESENT STAFF BY DISCIPLINE, REGION IV Discipline Sanitary Engineer Electronic Engineer Civil Engineer Computer Systems Analyst Computer Programmer Card Punch Operator Computer Specialist Chemist Aquatic or Other Type Biologist Microbiologist Electronics Technician Engineering, Physical Science, or Other Technician Secretary, Clerk-Typist Administrative Aide Engineering Draftsman Total Permanent Staff 13 1 1 1 1 2 1 15 11 h 2 9 9 i 1 72 E-IV-3 ------- Although the number of SAD personnel is approximately equal to the num- ber of research personnel at SEWL, SAD activities occupy only one-third as much usable space. Except for activities at the two fixed field study sites in Flor- ida, all technical support studies and surveillance activities in the field (the eight Region IV states) are conducted from Athens, frequently through use of field study teams using mobile laboratory facilities.3 The study teams comprise SAD analytical and investigatory staff in Athens who are brought together as the occasion demands to investigate specific environmental pollution problems. Surveillance activities, or monitoring as they are sometimes synonymously labeled, are defined to be long-term programs in Region IV and consequently are serviced by a permanent staff backed up by the analytical capabilities of the SAD program. The chemical, biological, and bacteriological analyses needed for pollution studies are frequently performed in the field, but the more complicated procedures must be performed in Athens where unique analytical capabilities are available. The joint tenancy arrangement for research and SAD at SEWL has proved to be one of EPA's most effective working relationships. Not only are economies of administration and cohabitation realized, but the arrangement has also: e Optimized the analytical proficiency of the SAD chemical analysis group e Accelerated technology transfer in the fields of contaminant characterization, fate of pollutants, and certain industrial and agricultural research o Exposed the research staff on a continuing basis to the realities of pollution control problems and helped focus their studies on these problems e Permitted joint use of highly refined, unique (to EPA) ana- lytical equipment and ADP hardware e Permitted joint use of an excellent technical library. aThere are three major mobile laboratories, but two of these are assigned. Construction of a fourth unit will start soon. The use of mobile laboratories has obviated the need for satellite facilities spread throughout Region IV. E-I7-U ------- Management Process As a major arm of the Regional organization, the Director of SAD reports to the Regional Administrator. The Administrator, in turn, sets the priorities of SAD as determined by EPA national goals. He requests the Director of SAD to respond to assistance requests of all other Divi- sions in the Regional organization and to technical assistance requests of local, State, and other Federal agencies within Region IV. Requests for assistance from EPA activities outside the Regional structure are honored as resources permit (for example, special oil pollution and heavy metal analyses have been conducted for enforcement actions outside Region IV). Technical policy guidance for all SAD activities in the 10 Regions is received directly from the Office of Research and Monitoring in Headquarters. DESCRIPTION OF LABORATORY SYSTEM Mission To provide sound technical bases for those EPA legislatively man- dated actions delegated to Region IV, SAD (the Region IV laboratory support activity) will conduct investigations, make analyses, process .data, monitor environmental quality, maintain pollution source inven- tories, provide pollution emergency assistance, and general specific technical expertise at the direction of the Regional Administrator. Future emphasis will be toward total functionalization of SAD responsi- bilities and toward embracing activities in addition to programs. Program Areas Information on program code areas is provided in the individual work sheets. Laboratory resources are projected for FY72 through FY77- The basic assumption in all program code resource projections is that the manpower and funding requirements summary furnished by 0PM will be adhered to as closely as possible. A proportion of the national totals were used for Region IV needs, and this proportion was based on FY?2 allocations. Where new programs were started (for example, air), a working base of funds and personnel was assumed at the point of program initiation. Table E-IV-2 summarizes the SAD data including projected laboratory resources. New water legislation has not been considered in the projected resources. E-IV-5 ------- TABLE E-IV-2: LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION IV Program Code 310500 320HOO 321300 3211+00 3231+00 and 324HOO 325DOO 326HOO .328500 330200 121500 and 110500 1+00000 Series 500000 Series 600000 Series Short Title WATER PROGRAM Water Quality Surveillance Pollution Source Monit. -Hun. Effluent Standards and Regulations Pollution Source Monit. - Industrial Pollution Source Monit. - Agricultural and Mining Coordination and Assistance Spill Monit. Enforcement Tech. Assistance AIR PROGRAM Enforcement and Ambient Air Qual. Surv. SOLIDS WASTES PROGRAM PESTICIDES PROGRAM Athens Gulfport Total RADIOLOGICAL PROGRAM To be handled by Montgomery Lab FY72 $1000 18? 1+3 UJ+ 1+1+ __ 18 96 66 922 20 — — 85 1,525 M/Y 12 2 2 2 __. 1 5 3 1+1+ 3 — -- 1+ 78 FY73 $1000 188 ^3 110 1+1+ 36 18 96 120 97k 150 20 20 320 2,139 M/Y 12 2 5 2 2 1 5 6 hi 8 i i 16 108 FY7H $1000 200 U5 132 1+1+ 36 18 105 lH5 790 220 i+o 60 360 2,195 M/Y 13 2 6 2 2 1 5 7 Hi 12 2 3 18 111* FY75 $1000 220 55 13H H5 38 36 110 170 79° 250 Ho 60 360 2,308 M/Y 1U 3 6 2 2 2 6 8 ia 13 2 3 18 120 FY76 $1000 2ltO 55 136 60 55 36 115 185 790 260 60 60 Uoo 2,1*52 M/Y 15 3 6 3 3 2 6 9 ia 13 3 3 20 127 FY77 $1000 260 55 ll+O 60 55 36 120 220 800 280 60 60 It 00 2,5^6 M/Y 16 3 6 3 3 2 6 10 Hi 1H 3 3 20 130 ------- Interactions with other laboratories have not been included on individual work sheets; rather, they are presented below as follows: e EPA has contracted with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to provide sampling and analytical assistance in support of the water quality surveillance program; because of analytical incompatibility, high cost per analysis, and slow reporting of results, this contract has proven generally ineffective in Region IV e On matters dealing with fish and wildlife kills, SAD, Region IV, maintains a close working relationship with the Wildlife Disease and Fisheries Disease Cooperative Programs at the University of Georgia and Auburn University, respectively o Each State in Region IV maintains a laboratory in support of many and, in some cases, all of the same environmental areas of concern to EPA; the purpose of the SAD laboratory support group is not to preempt State responsibilities but to optimize operation of both State and Federal laboratories through cooperative quality control programs, specialized analytical technology, and any other means deemed necessary; the Regional EPA statutory responsibilities will not be relinquished to State programs, however; generally, the States will confine their laboratory activities to more routine programs of a local nature; close communication between States and the EPA-SAD activity in Region IV prevents overlap of activity; various members of the SAD staff participate in annual reviews of State program grant documents; State laboratory and inves- tigatory capabilities have improved steadily over the last several years - most State labs have atomic absorption and pesticide analysis capabilities e Where EPA is not permitted to provide analytical assistance (for example, to private industry), the use of industrial and/or private laboratories is encouraged; a quality control program controlled by EPA is needed where private labs provide analyses for Refuse Act permits o Alternative means of fulfilling SAD responsibilities from ongoing programs of other Federal agencies are constantly sought; remote sensing capability of NASA and DOD are examples of such programs; to avoid duplication, the Shellfish Sanita- tion Program of the FDA and the diverse environmental programs of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency are also explored for input to SAD programs. E-IV-T ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310500: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE Objective The objective is to collect and provide timely interpretation of water quality data for the purpose of problem discovery, early warning of poten- tial pollution problems, long-term quality trends, surveillance of known problems (enforcement surveillance), and general water quality management. Description This program consists of a Regional system for water quality data collection and interpretation. The number and location of sampling sta- tions are determined by program staff. These stations may be continuous automatic monitors operated by staff, USGS contracted stations, sites where cooperators collect samples, or sites visited intermittently for primary purposes other than surveillance. Data collected as part of the formal program as well as data obtained by states and other Federal agencies provide inputs to a computerized storage and retrieval system known as STORET. Program staff interpret the data for objective reasons stated above. As part of water quality manage- ment operations, systems analysis and mathematical modelling capabilities are available. Special staff capabilities include: computer specialist, electronics engineer and technicians, sanitary engineers, keypunch operators, computer system programmer, and systems analyst. Special equipment includes programmable medium-speed terminal (DATA 100) with CRT, key punch and verifier, slow speed (DATEL) terminal, 10 automatic water quality monitors, decollator, tape drive unit, electronic shop equipment, Gerber chart reader with paper tape punch, Itek equipment, high-speed paper tape reader, and microfilm camera and reader. Access to PDF 8 minicomputers in SEWL is also available. Projected Resources and Priorities . Man-Years Priority 12 1.2 12 1.2 13 1.2 Ih 1.2 15 1.2 16 1.2 E-IV-8 Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Dollars 187,000 188,000 200,000 220,000 21*0,000 260,000 ------- Interaction with Other EPA Programs Information and services from the surveillance program are furnished. to other Regional (including other SAD activities) and Headquarters programs for purposes of enforcement, long-term trend analysis, early warning, Regional water quality management (planning), data processing and management assistance, and State program planning. The air and water, enforcement, management, and monitoring (Headquarters) programs are primary recipients of surveillance program information and services. Technical policy guidance is received directly from the Assistant Administrator for Research and Monitoring. Constraints Location of the present program at SEWL provides surveillance pro- gram access to minicomputers, electronic equipment, the large computer complex at the University of Georgia, and close contact with analytical specialists and other SAD staff. E-TV-9 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 3201*00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING -MUNICIPAL Objective The objective is to develop an inventory of municipal pollution sources and determine if abatement of pollution from such sources is adequate or if not adequate, whether remedial measures are being imple- mented and on schedule. Description Through updating of State program plans, construction grant infor- mation, and direct contact with States, the municipal source monitoring program is able to maintain an information system consistent with objec- tives above. Information from the monitoring program is furnished Regional enforcement and water activities for necessary actions. A slow- speed terminal at the Regional Office in Atlanta is available for data processing. A portion of resources is directed to investigation and lab orat ory analys e s. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 1972 1*3,000 2 1.1 1973 i*3,000 2 1.1 197^ U5,000 2 1.1 1975 55,000 3 1.1 1976 55,000 3 1.1 1977 55,000 3 1:1 Interaction with Other EPA Programs See Description above. Technical policy guidance is received from the Assistant Administrator for Research and Monitoring. Constraints The program must be located with Program 310500 for effective use of terminals, computer programmers, mathematical modelling, and the like. E-IV-10 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 321300: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OP WATER POLLUTION - EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS Objectives The objectives are to provide receiving water quality monitoring for Refuse Act Permit program activities and to provide analytical and technical assistance on other matters concerning the permit program. Description A portion of the staff in the Refuse Act Permit program is assigned to the Region IV Surveillance and Analysis Division for the primary pur- pose of performing water quality investigations in the vicinity of industrial waste outfalls subject to requirements of the 1899 Refuse Act. Compliance and adequacy of effluent standards are verified through studies of waste receiving waters. Support laboratory services for effluent analyses are also provided. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Interaction with Other Dollars tt,000 110,000 132,000 13^,000 136,000 11+0,000 EPA Programs Man-Years Priority 2 1.1 5 1.1 6 l.l 6 1.1 6 1.1 6 1.1 There is direct tie-in with enforcement programs, both Regional and Headquarters . Constraints This effort must be located with other support laboratory activities or it will be ineffective. Q The shift in permit program workload to monitoring activities may require increases in manpower and .dollars in excess of that shown. This figure is subject to modification to k or 5 positions with commensurate increase in dollars. E-IV-11 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 32lUOO: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - INDUSTRIAL Objective The objective is to develop an inventory of industrial pollution sources and determine if abatement of pollution from such sources is adequate or if not adequate, whether remedial measures are being imple- mented and on schedule. Description Through information from national industrial waste inventories, Refuse Act Permit program, State program plans, and direct contact with States, the industrial source monitoring program is able to maintain an information system consistent with the above objectives. Information from the monitoring program is furnished Regional enforcement and water activities for necessary actions. A slow-speed terminal is available at the Regional Office in Atlanta for data processing. A portion of resources is directed to investigation and laboratory analyses. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 2 1.2 2 1.2 2 1.2 2 1.2 3 1.2 3 1.2 Interaction with Other EPA Programs See Description above. Technical policy guidance is received from Assistant Administrator for Research and Monitoring. Constraints This work must be located with Regional surveillance program for access to equipment and expertise in this program. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Dollars 1A.OOO 1*,000. 1^,000 1+5,000 60,000 60,000 E-IY-12 ------- PROGRAM CODES: 323^00 AND JZkkQO: ABATEMENT AMD CONTROL - AGRICULTURAL AMD MINING SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING Objective The objective is the same as for other pollution source monitoring, but focused on agriculture and mining. Description These activities include not only inventory activities but field investigation and laboratory support. Considerable agricultural and mining pollution problems exist in Region IV. Projected Resources and Priorities Priority 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 Technical policy guidance comes from ORM. There is direct infor- mation input to other Regional programs. Constraints This work is an integral component of the SAD program and must be located with other branches. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Interaction with Other Dollars - 36,000 36,000 38,000 55,000 55,000 EPA Programs Man -Years - 2 2 2 3 3 E-IV-13 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 325DOO: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - FEDERAL INSTALLATION SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - COORDINATION AND ASSISTANCE Objectives The objectives are to assist in providing technical advice and assistance to Federal agencies on the prevention, control, and abate- ment of water pollution and to review water resources and Corps of Engineers' projects and applications for Federal permits and licenses (Section 10). Description A limited amount of personnel resources is assigned to the Regional SAD activity for laboratory support and technical review (especially where familiarity with permit sites is a factor). Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 1 1.2 1 1.2 1 1.2 2 1.2 2 1.2 2 1.2 This activity is in support of Regional coordination and assistance program area. Constraints Access to support laboratory capability and investigation groups familiar with coordination and assistance projects is mandatory. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Interaction with Other Dollars 18,000 18,000 18,000 36,000 36,000 36,000 EPA Programs ------- PROGRAM CODE: 326^00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS - SPILL MONITORING Objective The objective is to provide chemical and biological analytical sup- port as needed to identify sources and assess damage from oil and hazard- ous material spills. Description Select personnel are located in various disciplinary groups in the SAD program. Their sole responsibility is to provide"the necessary expertise and support. These personnel use the facilities and equipment in the support laboratory for their daily operations, and they work closely with other members of the SAD team. The latest analytical instrumentation, sampling equipment, and skills are applied to analytical requirements and damage assessment. The spill monitoring group is an integral part of the Region IV pollution emergency response group. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 5 1.1 5 1.1 5 1.1 6 1.1 6 l.l 6 l.l This effort necessitates working closely with the Regional enforce- ment program and, of course, with other members of the pollution emergency team in Regional Office. Constraints The personnel assigned to spill monitoring must have access to full resources of the Regional support laboratory. E-IV-15 Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Interaction with Other Dollars 96,000 96,000 105,000 110,000 115,000 120,000 EPA Programs ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328500: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - ENFORCEMENT Objective The objective is to provide field investigations, analytical data, and reports for use in Regional enforcement activities. Description A portion of the Regional enforcement staff is assigned directly to support laboratory operations for the purpose of performing field inves- tigations or analyses of all types. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Interaction with Dollars 66, oooa 120,000 llf-5,000 170,000 185,000 220,000 Other EPA Programs Man-Years 3a 6 7 8 9 10 Priority 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 This activity is an arm of the Regional enforcement program. Constraint Location of this effort with'other support laboratory activities is mandatory for reasons of economy and effectiveness. This figure is subject to revision in FYT2. E-IV-16 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to provide the major technical assistance program for water quality problems in Region IV in support of Regional activities, State, and Federal agencies. Description A multidiscipline staff will conduct investigations, perform analy- ses, interpret results, and provide laboratory quality control, consulta- tion, and review on water quality problems throughout Region IV. The technical assistance personnel form the core of the SAD staff dealing with water problems. They have broad responsibilities and deal with a wide variety of water quality problems. The majority of analytical equipment, boats and motors, sampling gear, and the like now available for Region IV's support laboratory is obtained through technical assistance funds. In addition to routine equipment, the following are available: spark source mass spectrometer (joint use with SEWL Research programs), liquid and gas chromatographs, bioassay field laboratory unit, specially designed microscope for plankton work, UV and IR instruments, atomic absorption spectrophotometers, Finnigan GC - Mass Spec, Technicon Autoanalyzers. The Region 3V support laboratory is probably the best equipped EPA Regional laboratory in the country. Highly trained specialists on the staff make the laboratory operation effective. A 2-|-year reimbursable project for the National Park Service is located at Naples, Fla. The FY?2 budget is $158,000 and 8 man-years. The project is known as the South Florida Ecological Study. Water quality monitoring at Big Cypress Jetport is included. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 1972 922,000 (158,000 reimb) Mia (Priorities vary with , "type of assistance 1973 97^,000 (193,000 reimb) ^7 provided. This pro- gram generally handles 790,000 4l top priority assignments. Includes reimbursable positions. Includes 10 reimbursable positions and 1 for water hygiene support. E-IV-17 ------- Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 1975 790,000 ill 1976 790,000 ill 1977 800,000 Ul Interaction with Other EPA Programs There is extensive interaction with Regional enforcement and water programs. Water hygiene support has been initiated. Constraints The benefits derived from joint tenancy of research and Regional SAD activities at SEWL are manifested more for technical assistance than for any other SAD group. E-IV-18 ------- PROGRAM CODES: 121500: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - STATIONARY SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION - ENFORCEMENT; AND 110500: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - AIR - AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SURVEILLANCE Objectives The objectives are as follows: e To provide investigatory and analytical support for the Region IV air quality enforcement program o To develop an ambient air quality surveillance capability for the Region and to provide technical assistance to State, local, and Federal agencies in Region IV dealing with air sampling and analysis. Description This organizational concept outlines the technical support needed to develop a Regional laboratory work plan to accomplish the objectives of enforcement and ambient air monitoring. Region IV will continue to develop an organizational structure reflecting decentralization of the air programs involving future transfers of personnel, funds, and equipment to the Region. These support activities should be amenable, in part, to in-house efforts such as planning and conducting laboratory investigations, field investi- gations, and supplemental contract activities in surveillance phases of air pollution control work. The laboratory support activities would also include special field studies and emergency episode monitoring, all of which require specialized air sampling equipment and personnel. Other activities would entail support for State and local agencies in establish- ing and operating a standard air sampling network and data reporting system. Future plans include a program for monitoring a new source performance standard and hazardous pollutants. All of these activities could be fur- ther enhanced by having access to automatic data handling and processing equipment. E-IV-19 ------- Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 3b 1.2 8 1.2 12 1.1 13 1.1 13 1.1 Ik 1.1 Interaction with Other EPA Programs The ambient air quality surveillance program would support the Divi- sion of Enforcement, the Division of Air and Water Programs, and Head- quarters. Constraints The enforcement and ambient air quality surveillance laboratory activities must be located with other support laboratory activities or they will be ineffective. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Dollars 20, OOCa 150,000 220,000 250,000 260,000 280,000 3 FY72 monies would primarily cover equipment that would be necessary for emergency episode monitoring and field study activities. This figure includes: one professional air chemist fulltime, preferably trained in continuous monitoring and familiar with all analytical methods and procedures for all criteria pollutants; one technician assigned full- time to assist in special field studies and backup for emergency episode monitoring; and one clerical employee assigned fulltime to the laboratory for communications and receiving and recording air quality data as needed for emergency episode and special field studies. E-IV-20 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 1^30200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - SOLID WASTES - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to provide investigatory and analytical support for the Region IV solid wastes program. Description In spite of limited resources projected for solid wastes efforts, there will be a need for some Regional laboratory support capability in the form of technical assistance (for example, quality control) to State and local governments. Solid wastes control programs are frequently associated with air and water pollution problems, and the degree to which this .association is projected for future laboratory needs is reflected in the resources. Support for potential solid wastes enforcement programs is also reflected in the resource summary. The National Disposal Sites Program will also require SAD support. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 1 1.3 2 1.2 2 1.2 3 1.2 3 1.2 Data developed will apply in some instances to responsibilities of Region Air and Water and Enforcement Divisions. Constraints To take full advantage of SAD perspnnel capabilities and analyti- cal equipment, this activity must be located with the SAD group at SEWL. E-IV-21 Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Interaction with Other Dollars - 20,000 ho, ooo kO,000 60,000 60,000 EPA Programs ------- TABLE E-IV-3 (continued) ro o\ PROGRAM CODE WATER, cont. 320500 321500 32J500 324500 328500 320YOO 325DOO 325900 326300 326400 326500 329400 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 430200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 521400 RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 $K M/Y - - - - 44 2 - 18 1 - - 96 5 - - 750 35 - - - - - - - - - 1115-5 56 FY 73 $K M/Y - - - - 100 5 - 18 l - - 96 5 - - 770 36 - - - 20 1 20 1 - - - - 1465.5 72 FY 74 $K M/Y - - - - 120 6 - 18 1 - - 105 5 - - 700 32 - - - 40 2 40 2 20 1 - - - 1567.5 76 FY 75 $K M/Y - - - - 120 6 - 36 s - - no 6 - - 700 32 - - - 40 2 40 2 20 1 - - - 1644 80 FY 76 $K MA - - - - 140 7 - 36 2 - - 115 6 - - 700 32 - - - 60 3 4o 2 20 1 - - - 1702 82 FY 77 $K M/Y - - - - 160 8 - 36 2 - - 120 6 - - 710 32 - - - 60 3 40 2 20 1 - - - 1781 85 ------- SECTION V: REGION V LABORATORY PLAN This section details the background and current status of laboratory capabilities in Region V, specific functions of the proposed Regional Laboratory Center, a description of the laboratory boats required in conjunction with the Center, and a summary of resource requirements. BACKGROUND The Region V laboratory system, consisting of the laboratories and professional personnel in the Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Minnesota-Wisconsin District Offices, is responding to rapidly expanding pollution control needs. These demands are increasing not only in the water programs, which are well established, but also in the air, radia- tion, solid wastes, and pesticides programs and must deal with new organic substances, industrial wastes, and environmental problems from many other areas of technology. The effectiveness of national EPA actions is reflected prominently in the increasing demands in Region V. These demands have reinforced surveillance and enforcement actions of the States. Illinois, for example, is currently carrying out a vigorous enforcement program that is outrunning the rate of development of pollution standards. This activity, in turn, increases demands on Region V for cooperative efforts in laboratory services and technology. Region V is uniquely situated adjacent to four Great Lakes, having vast areas of inland waterways. Mutual efforts between the United States and Canada have resulted in growing participation in international pollu- tion control efforts, such as exemplified by the International Joint Commission (iJC). Increasing contingencies - oil and hazardous mate- rials spills - further expand the high-priority fast-response needs of the regional EPA. Superimposed on these activities, the highly industrialized six- State area of Region V is creating many new types of wastes, particularly organic chemical wastes, that also add to demands for laboratory services, new methodologies, and increased capabilities. E-V-1 ------- It is in this frame of reference that Region V proposes the estab- lishment of a Regional Laboratory Center to keep pace with growing and anticipated demands for laboratory services and pollution control meth- odology, and to reinforce the rapid response capabilities of the District Office Laboratories. PROPOSED REGIONAL LABORATORY CENTER We propose to create a Regional Laboratory Center in Fiscal Year 1972 to occupy expanded laboratory facilities presently identified as the Illinois District Office, at 1819 Pershing Road, Chicago, 111. The Regional Laboratory Center will assume all of the laboratory functions necessary for the support of the Illinois District Office, which will maintain its surveillance and enforcement functions. The Regional Laboratory Center will also provide considerable analytical support for the other District Offices and will provide new monitoring, air, and categorical program support. The Center, together with the laboratories currently in the Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Minnesota- Wisconsin District Offices, will comprise the laboratory system of Region V. To provide the capabilities necessary for the open lake monitoring program, river monitoring, and support of IJC Programs, the Regional Laboratory Center must be furnished with a laboratory-equipped vessel and some laboratory-equipped boats. These vessels are included under the appropriate program descriptions but briefly consist of: e A laboratory vessel of at least 110 feet capable of providing safe operation in the open waters of any of the Great Lakes with sufficient laboratory, deck, storage, and living space to permit at least a 2-week extended lake sampling survey e Two laboratory boats of smaller size capable of working out of harbors on a daily sampling basis for near shore, harbor, and tributary mouth studies; these boats must be of sufficient size to permit safe return to harbor if they are caught in unexpected weather (we have two 65-foot boats available that were laboratory-equipped 8 years ago; they can be reactivated to carry this need for awhile, but they should be replaced or refitted in the next year or two to meet expanded present and future program requirements) c Three smaller high-speed laboratory boats of about 1+2-feet length are needed for river basin work: one for the Ohio River, one for the Mississippi, and one for Lake Michigan Tributaries. E-V-2 ------- Functions The Regional Laboratory Center will have the following functions: c Expand present capabilities in the water programs c Develop capabilities and methodology for chemical and biologi- cal analyses required for monitoring, enforcement, and surveil- lance functions in the air, solid wastes, pesticides, and radiation pollution control programs c Provide analytical quality control and certification services for the District Office laboratories e Develop and provide a regional task force to support special- ized field needs of the District Offices and their laboratories e Provide training to District Laboratory personnel in advanced methodology o Develop automated, rapid analysis techniques e Develop capabilities and techniques for analysis of oils, hazardous materials, and special industrial wastes o Coordinate EPA laboratory services in the region. The Regional Laboratory Center will address itself to the develop- ment of new capabilities and methodology to meet these expanding needs. The Laboratory will also provide technical backup and laboratory support in international pollution control activities. Organization and Management The Regional Laboratory Center will be headed by a Laboratory Direc- tor (Chief, Technical Support Branch) responsible to the Director of the Surveillance and Analysis Division. The Laboratory Director will discuss the program needs with the Director of Surveillance and Analysis and with the Directors of the District Offices. He will coordinate laboratory services and workloads consistent with program needs. He will determine, provide, and implement laboratory programs, directions, and priorities of major program thrusts of all of the District Office Laboratories. Thrust of Major Programs Program emphasis in Region V will continue along present lines in the water programs and will expand to include the current and projected laboratory needs for chemical, biological, and microbiological analyses in pesticides, solid wastes, water hygiene, air, .and radiation programs. E-V-3 ------- Particular emphasis will "be placed on the development of laboratory capabilities in pesticides, organic materials, and automated continuous analytical techniques. New needs generated by the developing programs of EPA will be reflected in revisions of the program plan of the Regional laboratory as required. OVERALL REGIONAL LABORATORY SYSTEM Status of Laboratories Currently there are five operating laboratories in Region V, one in each of the following District Offices: Illinois District Office, Chicago Michigan District Office, Grosse lie Ohio District Office, Fairview Park (Cleveland) Indiana District Office, Evansville Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office, Minneapolis. All of these laboratories function well; however, to keep up with growing demands for laboratory services, they need additional staffing. They have developed varying degrees of expertise consistent with their special geographic needs and within the constraints of funding. Instead of scaling up the laboratory capabilities of the District Offices, the Regional Laboratory Center will be utilized to provide the necessary expanding program support. Objectives The objectives of the laboratory system are: e To provide laboratory support in chemical, biological, and microbiological analyses within their capabilities in the surveillance, enforcement, Refuse Act permits, and monitoring programs of the region o To provide technical liaison with State agencies e To provide cooperative laboratory analyses with Canadian pol- lution control agencies on international surveillance, enforcement, and monitoring actions e To provide contingencies support in hazardous materials and oil spills. ------- Program Category Summary The programs involving Region V laboratories are shown in Table E-V-1. Table E-V-2 indicates present staffing; total projected profes- sional staffing of the Regional Laboratory Center and the District Office Laboratories is presented in Table E-V-3 for Fiscal Years 1972 through 1977. Proposed equipment and capabilities are outlined in Tables E-V-4 and E-V-5. The total funding and personnel resources for the laboratory services of Region V, projected for Fiscal Years 1972 through 1977, are as indicated in Table E-V-6. The funding requirements designated are for support of laboratory personnel only and also include funding for designated monitoring vessels and boats. Physical resources for genera- tion of laboratories and equipment are not included. E-V-5 ------- TABLE E-V-1 PROGRAM CATEGORY SUMMARY, REGION V LABORATORIES, FISCAL YEARS 1972-1977 Program Code 31030Xb 310300b 310301b 310502 320^00a 321^00a 32U400a 326301 328301 328501 330200 330201 330202 130200 230200 430200 530200 630200 Short Title Great Lakes Open Water Monitoring Hydrologic Processes and Other Environmental Phenomena Fate of Pollutants in Surface Waters Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting Pollution Source Monitoring - Municipal Pollution Source Monitoring - Industrial Pollution Source Monitoring - Mining Spill Prevention and Response Refuse Act Permits Enforcement Water - Technical Assistance Major Technical Support Basic Technical Support Air - Technical Assistance Noise - Technical Assistance Solid Wastes - Technical Assistance Pesticides - Technical Assistance Radiation - Technical Assistance Regional Laboratory Center 0 o o o o e o 0 o o 0 e o o e o o o Michigan District Office 0 o 0 o o o Ohio District Office o o o 0 Indiana District Office 0 e e o 0 o 0 o Minnesota- Wisconsin District Office 0 o o o ON JCodes 320300, 321300, and 32^^00 now combined and designated 328UOO. These codes to be assigned to Region V. ------- TABLE E-V-2: PRESENT PROFESSIONAL STAFFING, REGION V LABORATORIES Laboratory Illinois District Office Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota- Wi scons in District Office Professional Personnel 10 Chemists 2 Microbiologists 3 Physical Science Technicians h Chemists 1 Microbiologist 1 Aquatic Biologist 4 Chemists 1 Physical Scientist 2 Microbiologists 2 Aquatic Biologists 6 Chemists 2 Aquatic Biologists 1 Microbiologist 1 Physical Science Technician 2 Biological Lab. Technicians 2 Chemists 1 Physical Science Technician Total Laboratories Staff Total District Offices Staff Total Laboratory Staff 15 6 9 12 3 ^ Total District Office Staff 36 21 31 38 12 138 E-V-T ------- TABLE E-V-3: PROJECTED PROFESSIONAL STAFFING, REGION V LABORATORIES Laboratory Regional Laboratory Center Illinois District Office Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota -Wisconsin District Office Total Number of Professional Personnel FY 1972 1st half 0 15 6 9 12 3 ^5 2nd half 27 0 6 9 12 3 57 1973 53 0 6 9 12 3 83 197^ 70 0 6 9 12 3 100 1975 91 0 6 9 12 3 121 1976 105 0 6 9 12 3 135 1977 115 0 6 9 12 3 1U5 E-V-8 ------- TABLE E-V-4: CAPABILITIES, REGION V LABORATORIES Laboratory Significant Capabilities Special Capabilities Functional Work Areas Capabilities Not Currently In-House Regional Laboratory Center 1st half of FY72: None 2nd half of FY72: Same as Illinois District Office and expanding to include biology 1st half of FY72: None 2nd half of FY72: Same as Illinois District Office and expanding 1st half of FY72: None 2nd half of FY72: Same as Illinois District Office and expanding all program areas N.A. Illinois District Office Chemical Analyses: pesticides, oil, phenols, cyanides, organic carbons, DO, minerals, metals, BOD; Microbiological: coliform, strep- tococci, salmonella 2nd half of FY72: None Technicon - simultaneous chemical analyses, metals analysis - rapid method 2nd half of FY72: None Monitoring: water quality, pollution source - municipal, industrial, dredging, oil and hazardous materials spills bottom sediment 2nd half of FY72: None Radiochemistry, biology, virology, air pollution, water hygiene 2nd half of FT72: None Michigan District Office All standard biological- microbiological analyses and wet chemistry, oils, Hg, Na, K, Cu, DO, chlorides, conductivity, pH, bacteria, total carbon, solids, coliform, streptococci, salmonella, phytoplankton, diatom, benthos, algae, biomass Pesticides, mud samples, dredging, chlorinated organic compounds analyses Monitoring: water quality, pollution source - municipal, industrial, dredging, mud sample analyses - bottom sediments Rapid metals analysis for industrial wastes, radio- chemistry, virology, air pollution, water hygiene Ohio District Office Chemistry: BOD, cyanide, phenols, pH, alkalinity, DO, conductivity nitrogen, nitrates, wet chemistry, water analyses, phosphates, sul- fates; Biological: diatom analyses, algal identificators Preliminary analyses of pathogens. Chemists and biologists are quali- fied divers Monitoring: water quality, pollution source- municipal, industrial; Enforcement: municipal, industrial mining sources monitoring* spill monitoring* water quality standards* *Very small part of total work Metals analysis, algal assays, radiation technology, auto- mated analysis equipment for continuous analyses, pesti- cides Indiana District Office Chemistry: acidity, alkalinity, arsenic, total and organic carbon, BOD, COD, color, cyanide, DO, fluorides, petroleum products, pesticides, metals by AA, nitrogen- nitrates, nitrite, ammonia, phenol, phosphorous, selenium, sulfate, turbidity, solids Organic carbons analyses - Indiana State University aquatic biology, microbiology, special rearing technique for midge larvae Monitoring: water quality, pollution source - municipal, industrial, agricultural, mining, transportation, hazardous spills Enforcement: agricultural Field Investigations: municipal, industrial Contingencies: oil and hazardous spills Radiation technology automated assembly line analyses equipment for continuous samples Minnesota- Wisconsin District Office Routine oxygen demand tests, pH, conductivity, DO, temperature analyses, BOD, solids Expect to have soon: nitrogen, nitrates, cyanide, phenols X-ray diffraction personnel capability - use University of Minnesota X-ray unit Monitoring: water quality Field Investigations: munic- ipal, industrial dredging, taconite mining Pesticides, organic com- pounds, metals, carbon filter, radiation analyses, oils, could develop capability in air quality ------- TABLE E-V-5 : FACILITIES AHD REQUIREMENT, REGION V LABORATORIES Laboratory Major Equipment Mobile Units Regional Laboratory Center 1st half of FYY2: 2nd half of FY72: District Office None Same as Illinois FY72: 2 65-ft lab boats FTT3: 3 ^2-ft lab boats 1 110-ft lab vessel Illinois District Office Gas chromatographs Refractometer DO analyzer TOC analyzer Kjeldahl rack Colorimeter pH meter Turbidimeter Six-channel Technicon Two-channel Technicon Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer Mercury analyzer None Michigan District Office Speetrophotoroeters Auto-analyzer BOD incubators Microscopes: A.O. microstar Dissecting hydrophotometer Dredges 1 U2-ft lab boat for DO, chlorides, conductivity, pH on a continuous basis 1 trailer lab (semi-mobile) for bacteria, total carbon, solids for sewer waters Ohio District Office Auto-analyzer I.E. spectrophotometer 6 Kjeldahl units COD apparatus pH meter DO meter Cyanide distillation equipment 6 micro-kjeldahl units Freezer-incubator still Phenol equipment Soxhlet extractors Mini-cook fish tank Microscopes Large centrifuge None (use Coast Guard boats for sampling) Indiana District Office Chemical! AA spectrometer Auto-analyzer Colorimeter Carbon analyzer Conductance bridge Gas chromatograph I.E. spectrometer Orion specific ion meter pH meters Polarograph Titralyzer Turbidimeter UV - visible spectrometer Aquatic Biology & Microbiology! AO microstar compound microscope Bausch & Lctnb dynazoom compound microscope B&L dissecting microscope and camera 1 32-ft trailer lab for chemical and microbiological analyses 1 kO-ft trailer lab on loan to Washington at Blue Plains Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office DO meter pH meter Kjeldahl apparatus Cyanide distillation equipment 1 1*5-ft trailer lab for chemical and microbiological analyses, BOD, pH, alkalinity, solids, etc. E-V-10 ------- £-V-o: LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION V Program Code 3l030Xb 3l0300b 310301b 310502 32o4ooa 32l400a 32440Qa 326301 328301 328501 330200 330201 330202 130200 230200 430200 530200 630200 Total FYT2 $1000 0 86 0 280 60 180 20 80 80 140 20 60 140 0 0 0 0 0 i,i46 M/Y 0 4 0 14 3 9 l 4 4 7 1 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 57 FY73 $1000 310 280 190 280 100 220 60 100 l4o 14 0 20 60 l4o 4o 0 20 40 0 2,140 M/Y 5 6 4 14 5 11 3 5 7 7 1 3 7 2 0 1 2 0 83 FY74 $1000 280 280 390 280 100 24 0 60 100 160 i4o 40 60 l4o 80 0 4o 4o 40 2,470 M/Y 8 9 7 14 5 12 ^ 5 8 7 2 3 7 4 0 2 2 2 100 FY75 $1000 360 280 450 280 100 240 60 100 180 200 4o 120 l4o 100 0 40 60 40 2,790 M/Y 12 14 10 14 5 12 3 5 9 10 2 6 7 5 0 2 3 2 121 FY76 $1000 400 280 350 280 100 260 60 100 200 260 60 i4o 160 100 20 4o 80 40 2,912 M/Y 14 14 12 14 5 13 3 5 10 13 3 7 8 5 1 2 4 2 135 FY77 $1000 400 280 350 280 100 260 60 100 220 300 60 14 0 200 l4o 40 40 120 40 3,130 M/Y 14 14 12 14 5 13 3 5 11 15 3 7 10 7 2 2 6 2 1^5 320400, 321400, and 324400 now combined and designated 328400. bThese codes to be assigned to Region V. ------- PROGRAM CODE: 3103OX: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - GREAT LAKES OPEN WATER MONITORING Objectives The objectives are: e Establishment of environmental baselines for all Great Lakes o Determine water quality trends, long-range prediction of environmental phenomena, and subsequent impact e Provide basic data for development of meaningful criteria for establishment or revision of water quality standards e Develop data on water movement o Prepare periodic reports on monitoring data and trends for each of the Great Lakes. Description In this program, activities are to: o Collect periodic water samples at selected reference sampling points to: - Establish baseline information - Determine long-range water quality trends - Alert against rapid changes in water quality or aquatic biota o Provide water quality information for developing criteria for protection of aquatic environment and for establishing water quality standards o Collect samples at additional sampling points to augment spe- cial studies or provide requested surveillance to support the activities of the IJC enforcement, or State programs as needed e Develop models of Great Lakes Basins as required o Conduct sampling and analysis required to evaluate the predic- tions of the model o Developi data on water movement by making current measurements as required to check and supplement earlier work E-V-12 ------- e Collect, consolidate, and evaluate data and prepare periodic monitoring and trend reports on each of the Great Lakes. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY72 0 0 1.10 FY73 310a 5 1.10 FY7^ 280 8 1.10 FY75 360 12 1.10 FY76 Uoo Ik 1.10 FY77 Uoo lU 1.10 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program is applicable to water only. It supports the IJC programs. It provides information fundamental to the research and monitoring program and information of value to enforcement, surveil- lance, and water quality standards program. Constraints This program will require development of a vessel suitable for open lakes sampling and analytical capabilities. This vessel must be large enough to operate safely in all kinds of weather, to provide onboard living accommodations, with sufficient laboratory, storage, and deck space to maintain a survey of at least 2-weeks' duration. No such vessel is presently available. It is recommended that a vessel with a minimum length of 110 feet be purchased. Such a vessel properly equipped will cost between $250,000 and $350,000. Interaction with Other Laboratories The Regional Laboratory Center will interact with District Office Laboratories and with Canadian, State, and national EPA laboratories. Largest portion of this amount required for purchase of necessary laboratory vessel; maintenance and operation of vessel included in subsequent year's budget. E-V-13 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310300: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - RESEARCH - HYDROLOGIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA Objectives The objectives of this program are; o Determination of environmental trends c Assessment of new pollutants and new sources of pollutants e Support of regulatory programs e Development of meaningful criteria for standards for particular bodies of water, air districts, and land areas e Long-range prediction of environmental phenomena and subse- quent impact o Periodic measurements at selected reference sampling points o Alerting against sudden environmental changes and standards violations c Providing a basis for legal action. Description To achieve these objectives, the following activities are conducted: o Develop models of river basins, air districts, and land areas as required o Collect environmental samples at strategic sites within basins (according to predicted model) e Analyze samples to verify predicted concentrations o Provide analytical services for water and air quality monitor- ing network c Provide wide variety of analytical services to investigations of an enforcement nature as well as to support nonenforcement- related studies utilizing entire spectrum of available techniques o Support State pollution control agencies with technical advice and analytical support E-V-lU ------- e Provide long-range predictions of environmental phenomena and subsequent impacts e Collect, consolidate, and evaluate data from all available sources and provide periodic monitoring and trend reports on each of Region V's land, air, and water basins. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY72 86 4 1.13 FY73 28oa 6 1.13 FY74 280b 9 1.13 FY75 280 14 1.13 FY76 280 14 1.13 FY77 280 14 1.13 Relationship with Other EPA Programs This program is applicable to all EPA programs. It supports Refuse Act permits, water quality standards program, enforcement, surveillance, and other research and monitoring programs. Constraints This program requires three laboratory equipped boats of about 4-5-ft size for safe operations on the Ohio River, the Mississippi River, and the Lake Michigan tributaries. Presently, there are no laboratory boats of sufficient size to work safely on these waters. Interaction with Other Laboratories The Regional Laboratory Center and District Office Laboratories inter- act with the Air Pollution Laboratory at Ann Arbor, National Environmental Research Center at Cincinnati, various States, and Canadian laboratories. Includes $140,000 for purchasing and equipping two 42-ft boats, Includes $70,000 for purchasing and equipping one 42-ft boat. E-V-15 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310301: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER RESEARCH - HYDROLCGIC PROCESSES AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA - FATE OF POLLUTANTS IN FRESH SURFACE WATERS Objective The objectives are to: o Establish environmental baseline for all Great Lakes e Determine input loads to the lakes e Determine water quality trends e Assess new pollutants e Alert against standards violations e Provide a basis for legal action o Provide basic data for establishment or revision of water quality standards e Predict long-range environmental phenomena and subsequent impact. Description Activities are to: o Develop models of river inputs and lake and tributary basins as required e Collect periodic water samples at strategic reference sites within the inshore and harbor areas and at tributary mouths to: - Establish baseline information - Determine water quality trend information - Alert against rapid changes in near shore water quality or in the aquatic biota - Alert against standards violations - Provide a basis for legal action e Support State pollution control agencies and State water supply evaluations E-V-16 ------- o Develop water quality information and determine effects of water quality on aquatic biota o Provide analytical support to other Federal agencies in their water quality control activities e Develop water quality information to implement operation of monitoring stations network in cooperation with the State governments e Provide water quality inventory information on all Great Lakes and their tributaries c Collect, consolidate, and evaluate data and prepare periodic monitoring and trend reports on each of the Great Lakes Basins o Provide analytical support to oceanographic, inshore, and harbor area studies including analysis of various aquatic organisms e Provide analytical support for other Federal agencies con- cerned with special water quality investigations such as the Corps of Engineers dredging samples and U.S. Coast Guard spill investigation samples. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY72 0 0 1.8 FY73 190 k 1.8 FY7^ 390a 7 1.8 FY75 U50a 10 1.8 FY76 350 12 1.8 FY77 350 12 1.8 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program is applicable to water only. It supports research and monitoring programs on the Great Lakes, enforcement program, surveil- lance program, and water quality standards program (also supports State monitoring programs). Replacement or refitting of one 65-ft boat in each year (197^ and 1975) estimated at $1^0,000 each year. E-V-17 ------- Constraints This program will require use of laboratory boats equipped for near-shore sampling on the Great Lakes. These boats must be capable of operation under adverse weather conditions for a sufficient period of time to make port safely. They need not have long-term living accom- modations but should be suitable for an occasional overnight stay in remote harbor locations. We presently have two used 65-ft vessels on consignment from the U.S. Army (presently on loan to universities) that would suffice for an interim period for this type of work. They must be recovered from the universities and upgraded before they could be put back into useful service. Consideration should be given to replacement or extensive re- equipping of these boats within the next few years. The major drawback with using these boats is their slow (6-knot) cruising speed. Faster boats would be more useful and would save money, since the required sampling could be done in much shorter time. E-V-lB ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310500: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE Objective The objective is to develop water quality information to implement operation of the monitoring stations network in cooperation with the State governments. Description This program comprises the review of existing State-Federal moni- toring stations and the determination and installation of additional stations needed. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY?2 280 111 1.2 FY73 280 111 1.2 YYjh 280 Ik 1.2 FY75 280 111 1.2 FY76 280 11+ 1.2 FY77 280 Hi 1.2 Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program will relate to all programs functioning under the Fed- eral Water Quality Act of 1970 and with the methodology and certification development programs of the Regional Laboratory Center. Constraints Emphasis of pollution control activities by the States will bear on priorities. Dollars 160,000 20,000 ho, ooo ho ,000 20,000 M/Y 8 , l 2 2 1 E-V-19 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center is to provide field task force, labora- tory support, and methodology to the District Offices. District Office Laboratories are to provide local support to the Regional Laboratory in interface with State laboratories. E-V-20 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 320*100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL SOURCES OF WATER POLUTION - POLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - MUNICIPAL TRAINING Objective The objective of this effort is to maintain, on a current basis, the municipal waste inventory and an implementation schedule. Description This program comprises testing and evaluation activities to help: o Establish the State water control office procedures for main- taining the municipal waste inventory and keeping the imple- mentation schedule current o Initiate an effluent monitoring program to spot check data reported to the State agencies. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY72 60 3 1.3 FY73 100 5 1.3 FY7k 100 5 1.3 FY75 100 5 1.3 FY?6 100 5 1.3 FY77 100 5 1.3 Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office Relationship with Other EPA Programs Because measurement techniques must be established and proven prior to their application by the District Offices, close cooperation is Dollars 20,000 0 20,000 20,000 0 M/Y 1 0 1 1 0 E-V-21 ------- necessary between this program activity and the methodology development functions of the National Environmental Research Center at Cincinnati and the Regional Laboratory Center. Constraints A need for the Region to make an impact in cleaning up the Great Lakes will bear on priorities in this program. Interaction with Other Laboratories District Office Laboratories and the Regional Laboratory interact closely with States' monitoring laboratories to provide methodology support and quality control certifications. E-V-22 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 321*100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - INDUSTRIAL Objective The objective of this work is to maintain, on a current basis, an inventory of industrial discharges and an implementation schedule. Description This program comprises the following: e Development of an industrial waste inventory through the Corps of Engineers permit program and expansion to include industries not covered in the Corps of Engineers program e Utilization of State and industry effluent data to update the inventory e Establishment of an effluent monitoring program to spot check industry reported data. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man-Years Priority FY72 180 9 l.U FY73 220 11 l.U FYY^ 2^0 12 l.k FY75 2^0 12 1.1* FY?6 260 13 1-^ FY?7 260 13 l.U Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Dollars M/Y Regional Laboratory Center 1*0,000 2 Michigan District Office U0,000 2 Ohio District Office 14-0,000 2 Indiana District Office .60,000 3 Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office . 0 0 E-V-23 ------- Relationship with Other EPA Programs Accelerated Great Lakes spill prevention and enforcement field investigations programs relate to this effort. Constraints Four hundred new industries scheduled for surveillance in Region V will constrain available laboratory capabilities. Interaction with Other Laboratories Regional Laboratory interacts with District Office Laboratories; in turn, these installations interact with States' laboratories. ------- PROGRAM CODE: 32MKX): ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MINING SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - MINING Objective The objective is to develop base information on locations, pollution contribution, and hydrological, geologic, and physical aspects of aban- doned mines to provide support to the State agencies in controlling mining related pollution. Description This program relies heavily on chemical analyses, particularly of metals, carbonaceous substances, and processing chemicals. It is also related to water quality, the ultimate residence of nonsoluble pollutants, and the long-range effects of mining pollutants as possible poisons to fish life. 1963 data indicate that Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio accounted for 103 million tons of coal out of a total U.S. production of ^77 mil- lion tons. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY72 20 1 1.11 FY73 60 3 l.ll FYjk 60 3 1.11 FY75 60 3 1.11 FY76 60 3 1.11 FY77 60 3 1.11 Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office Relationship with Other EPA Programs This program will interface with related pollution source monitor- ing programs - industrial and municipal - and with the surveillance and enforcement programs. Dollars 0 0 0 20,000 0 M/Y 0 0 0 1 0 E-V-25 ------- Constraints The constraints are geographic, the locations of abandoned mines. Interaction with Other Laboratories District Office Laboratories interact with the Regional Laboratory for analytical support services in metals and carbonaceous materials. E-V-26 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 326301: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS - STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS - SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE Objective The objective is to administer and carry out efficient coordinated action to minimize damage from spills of oil and hazardous materials. Description This program is intended primarily to keep the Contingency Plan current and immediately responsive to the unpredictable emergency events in the Region. This is to be accomplished via the maintenance of a capable response team; development and implementation of a preventative program; coordination with Federal, State, and local agencies in improv- ing the Inland Regional Contingency Plan; promotion of State and local programs, and assistance in developing contingency plans, response capa- bilities, and prevention programs. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY?2 80 k 1.5 FY73 100 5 1.5 FY?^ 100 5 1.5 FY75 100 5 1.5 FY76 100 5 1.5 FY77 100 5 1.5 Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Dollars M/Y Regional Laboratory Center 1+0,000 2 Michigan District Office 0 0 Ohio District Office 20,000 1 Indiana District Office 20,000 1 Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office 0 0 Relationship with Other EPA Programs Contact with the water quality, enforcement, and pesticides programs is expected in carrying out the spill prevention program. E-V-27 ------- Constraints A need in the Region to make an impact in cleaning up the Great Lakes will reinforce priorities in this program. Interaction with Other Laboratories There is interaction with the Regional Laboratory to supply fast response technical teams to District Office Laboratories in contingency situations. Regional Laboratories interact with State laboratories and request advanced technology from National Environmental Research Centers. E-V-28 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328300: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS Objectives The objectives are to review public notices regarding applications for Federal permits for construction on navigable waters submitted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of Transportation, and the U.S. Coast Guard and to assess the impact on water quality and applicable laws; also, to review applications for licenses submitted to the Federal Power Commission and to obtain certification by the State Water Pollution Control Agency. Description When necessary, this program will employ field investigations, sampling, and laboratory analyses. It will also review public notices, request additional information if necessary, coordinate reviews with other EPA components, Federal, and State agencies. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man-Years Priority FY72 80 k 1.7 FY73 lUO 7 1.7 FY7^ 160 8 1.7 FY75 180 9 1.7 FY76 200 10 1.7 FY77 220 11 1.7 Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota-Wiseonsin District Office Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program relates to the accelerated Great Lakes program and Corps of Engineers dredging operations. Dollars 0 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 M/Y 0 1 1 1 1 E-V-29 ------- Constraints Activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Coast Guard, and States' water pollution control laws pose constraints. Interaction with Other Laboratories Interactions are with the Regional Laboratory to provide continuous analysis support to the District Offices. Both of these interact with States' laboratories and Canadian laboratories, as needed. E-V-30 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328500: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - ENFORCEMENT Objective The objective is to provide necessary field sampling and investi- gations to support enforcement actions against industrial and municipal waste dischargers. Description This program comprises sampling, testing, and evaluating activities to: e Supply information needed to support enforcement actions o Develop a brief attack plan based on depth of data required for prosecution e Aid in recommending enforcement actions. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man-Years Priority FY72 lUo 7 1.1 FY73 iko 7 1.1 FY7U iho 7 1.1 FY75 200 10 1.1 FY76 260 13 1.1 FY77 300 15 1.1 Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office Relationship to Other EPA Programs The program relates to all programs supported under the Federal Water Quality Act of 1970. Dollars 60,000 20,000 20,000 ho ,000 0 M/Y 3 l l 2 0 E-V-51 ------- Constraints Manpower requirements pose constraints as a function of magnitude of activities of industries and municipalities in waste discharges. Interaction with Other Laboratories Regional Laboratory interacts with District Office Laboratories and with States' and national EPA laboratories. E-V-32 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to provide.basic technical support for water qual- ity surveys conducted by the Office of Water Hygiene. Description This program will provide direct laboratory capability to supple- ment the tests presently done. Analytical capability at the Regional level is needed for those tests requiring quick analyses to maintain validity, such as bacteriological analyses, identification of inverte- brate organisms and microorganisms, viruses, salmonella, algae, and chemical substances. Projected Resources and Priorities Anount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY72 20 1 1.15 FY?3 20 1 1.15 FY?^ 1+0 2 1.15 FY75 ho 2 1.15 FY?6 60 3 1.15 FY77 60 3 1.15 Laboratory Services - FY?2 Breakdown Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office Dollars 20,000 0 0 0 0 M/Y 1 0 0 0 0 Relationship with Other EPA Programs This program will supplement surveillance and monitoring programs and will relate with all water programs. E-V-33 ------- Constraints This program is presently legislatively restricted to interstate carriers. Interaction with Other Laboratories The Region V Office of Water Hygiene routinely sends samples to the four water hygiene laboratories spread across the country. Only time independent analyses are done. ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330201: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - MAJOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT Objective The objective is to obtain adequate State surveillance of public water supplies. Description The pollution-free quality of water supplies in the six-State area of Region V will be evaluated on a continuing basis to determine the adequacy of State surveillance and needs for State Surveillance Agency improvement. Chemical, biological, and microbiological analyses and assays will be needed in support of this work. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY72 60 3 1.6 FY73 60 3 1.6 FY71* 60 3 1.6 FY75 120 6 1.6 FY?6 1^0 7 1.6 FY77 1^0 7 1.6 Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office Dollars 60,000 0 0 0 0 M/Y 3 0 0 0 0 Relationship with Other EPA Programs This program will relate with all programs functioning under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, the accelerated Great Lakes program, and the solid wastes and water hygiene programs. E-V-35 ------- Constraints The constraints are geographic with respect to proximity of analyt- ical capabilities to the four Great Lakes and the several rivers that function as the major sources of public water supplies. Interaction with Other Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center interacts with the District Office Labo- ratories . E-V-J6 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330202: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE - BASIC TECHNICAL SUPPORT Objective The objective is to provide technical support in pollution control matters for legislative, public information, public complaint, and review purposes. Description This program, while not requiring extensive direct laboratory analyses support, will nevertheless require specific technical expertise developed within the laboratory as a result of needs peculiar to the geographic area. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY?2 1UO 7 1.9 FY?3 lUO 7 1-9 FY7U 1UO 7 1.9 FY75 lUO 7 1.9 FY76 160 8 1.9 FY77 200 10 1.9 Laboratory Services - FY72 Breakdown by Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center Michigan District Office Ohio District Office Indiana District Office Minnesota-Wisconsin District Office Relationship with Other EPA Programs This activity relates to all programs, particularly the surveillance and enforcement programs and including the media and categorical programs. Constraints Availability of necessary technical expertise within the Region poses some constraint. Dollars 60,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 M/Y 3 1 1 1 1 E-V-37 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories The Regional Laboratory Center will provide the technical expertise for the program. It will interface with the National EPA Laboratories and with the District Office Laboratories necessary to obtain needed consulting services. Interaction with Canadian laboratories is expected also. E-V-38 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 130200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL- PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - AIR - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to provide methodology and air pollution standards to States' enforcement and surveillance activities with industrial and municipal air pollution dischargers. Description This program will develop necessary air pollution methodology and standards and will provide certification of the standards used by States in their enforcement and surveillance activities. It will provide lab- oratory analytical support in sampling, location, and monitoring of air pollution sources. The special expertise required in chemical analyses of organic substances and their derivatives, carbonaceous, powdered heavy metals, and toxicological substances will be developed. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man-Years Priority FY72 0 0 1.12 FY73 ho 2 1.12 FY7^ 80 h 1.12 FY75 100 5 1.12 FY76 100 5 1.12 FY77 1^0 7 1.12 Relationship with Other EPA Programs This effort relates to research and monitoring - environmental pro- grams . Constraints Legislative and funding constraints apply here. Interactions with Other Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center interacts with the motor emissions pol- lution control laboratory at Ann Arbor, the Grosse lie office of Research and Monitoring Laboratory, and other national EPA laboratories. E-V-39 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 230200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - NOISE - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to help the States in Region V implement noise pollution abatement programs. Description This program will provide technical assistance to complement State programs and to provide the impetus for the formation of State-wide noise pollution abatement programs where these do not exist. Assistance in the form of design information, planning, and minor testing will be provided. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY72 0 0 1.18 FY?3 0 0 1.18 FY7U 0 0 1.18 FY75 0 0 1.18 FY76 20 1 1.18 FY77 UO 2 1.18 Relationship with Other EPA Programs The surveillance, monitoring, and enforcement programs will gain experience with the particular nuances of implementing noise pollution abatement programs. Constraints This program may be constrained by the degree of receptiveness of the States to the implementation of noise pollution abatement pro- grams. Interaction with Other Laboratories It is proposed that the program personnel will utilize the infor- mation acquired through the noise pollution hearings of FY71-72 to identify those non-Federal laboratories having expertise in this area. Liaison should be maintained with these laboratories. In addition, research needs should continue to be forwarded to the NERC at Research Triangle Park, N.C., which is responsible for health effects research. ------- PROGRAM CODE: ^30200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - SOLID WASTES - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to establish and apply analytical laboratory capa- bilities in Region V to support implementation of the principle of solid wastes recycling and ultimate disposal effects studies. Description This program will provide chemical, biological, and microbiological analysis capabilities for solid wastes. It will include: e All solid wastes - residential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural at the local level e Training programs to provide operating laboratory personnel o Assistance to the Cincinnati Division of Demonstration Oper- ations in Region V. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man -Years Priority FY?2 0 0 1.17 FY73 20 1 1.17 FY7^ Uo 2 1.17 FY75 UO 2 1.17 FY76 ko 2 1.17 FY77 ho 2 1.17 Relationship with Other EPA Programs This program interacts with: o Federal Water Pollution Control Act programs - cooperation in solving dredging and municipal waste sludge disposal o National Air Pollution Control Act programs - assistance in open burning problems o Illinois State Water Survey programs - pollutional effects of leachate from landfills on ground water. Interaction with Other Laboratories States' laboratories, National Environmental Research Center in Cin- cinnati, and Corps of Engineers Laboratories will interact with this program. ------- PROGRAM CODE: 530200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - PESTICIDES - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objectives The objectives are to develop basic analytical methodology for determination of insecticides, pesticides, and rodenticides and to apply these methods as the bases for more advanced developments. Description This program will provide the means for establishing Regional lab- oratory capabilities in insecticide, pesticide, and rodenticide analyses. These will be in chemical, microbiological, biological areas, including toxicity effects and effects on the human nervous system. Initial capa- bilities will be required to accommodate 1,000 samples per year. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man-Years Priority FY?2 0 0 1.1U FY73 1+0 2 1.1U FY71+ Uo 2 1.1U FY75 60 3 l.ll* FY76 80 k l.ll* FY77 120 6 1.1U Relationship with Other EPA Programs This program will interface with the hazardous spills prevention program. Regional Laboratory Center will interact with the South Agriculture Laboratory in Washington, B.C., and the Beltsville Laboratory in Mary- land. Constraints Legislation and funding pose constraints. E-V-1+2 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 630200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - RADIATION - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to strengthen Regional capabilities for assessing environmental hazards from radiation sources. Description Program personnel will provide the States with technical assistance in the form of minor testing, design information, and alternative method- ologies for controlling the level of radiation from various sources. Projected Resources and Priorities Amount ($1000) Man-Years Priority FY72 0 0 1.16 FY73 0 0 1.16 FY7h ho 2 1.16 FY75 ho 2 1.16 FY76 ho 2 1.16 FY77 ho 2 1.16 Relationship with Other EPA Programs This program should interface with the surveillance, Office of Research and Monitoring, environmental, and enforcement programs in Region V to build up a body of experience for future program expansion if warranted. Constraints Manpower and funding limitations will focus the program mainly into the area of assessment of nuclear power plant siting problems (environ- mental impact statements). Interaction with Other Laboratories Regional Laboratory Center personnel should maintain constant contact with personnel at Argonne National Laboratory (AEG) and other university centers having expertise in radiation (for example, those associated with the Argonne Universities Association). ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of projected resources (dollars and man-years) for the components of the Region's pro- grams which require laboratories. The laboratory is maintained within the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may provide services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected labora- tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It was obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and ask- ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. These assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multi- media role, with programs underway in water, air, land, and other environ- mental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratory staff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise and skills to effectively implement national environmental programs. These summary tab- les reflect the revised staffing needs, based on these assumptions. ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY, REGION V H VJ1 PROGRAM CODE AIR 1J0200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 230200 WATER 310500 320300 321300 328200 328300 328400 325100 325400 320400 321400 322400 323400 324400 FY 72 $K M/Y - - - - - 200 10 - - 40 2 80 4 260 13 - - - - - - - FY 73 $K M/Y 105 5 - - - - 200 10 - - JOO 15 100 5 280 14 - - - - - - - FY 74 $K M/Y 360 18 - - - - 200 10 - - 480 2k 120 6 300 15 - - - - - - - FY 75 $K M/Y 380 19 - - - - 200 10 - - 560 28 120 6 300 15 - - - - - - - FY 76 $K M/Y 400 20 - - - 20 1 220 11 - - 620 31 140 7 320 16 - - - - - - - FY 77 $K M/Y 420 21 - - - 40 2 2hO 12 - - 64o 32 160 8 320 16 - - - - - - - Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division $K=units of $1,000 M/Y=man-years ------- TABLE E-V-7 (continued) PROGRAM CODE WATER, cont. J20500 JS1500 323500 321*500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 3261*00 326500 329UOO 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 1*30200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 5211*00 RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 $K M/Y - - - - 120 6 - - - 80 1* - - 20 1 160 8 ' - - 20 1 - - - 20 1 - - 1000 50 FY 73 $K M/Y - - - - 120 6 - - - 100 5 - - 20 1 160 8 - - 20 1 20 1 20 1 - 1*0 2 - - 11*85 71* 1*80 FY 7!* $K M/Y - - - - 120 6 - - - 120 6 - - 20 1 160 8 - - 1*0 2 20 1 1*0 2 - 1*0 2 - - 2020 101 1*70 FY 75 $K MA - - - - ll*0 7 - - - 120 6 - - 20 1 160 8 - - 20 1 20 1 1*0 2 - 1*0 2 20 1 - 2ll*0 107 370 FY 76 $K M/Y - - - - lUO 7 - - - 120 6 - - 20 1 ll*0 7 - - - 1*0 2 1*0 2 - 1*0 2 20 1 - 2280 111* 230 FY 77 $K M/Y - - - - lUO 7 - - - 120 6 - - 20 1 160 8 - - - 1*0 2 1*0 2 - 1*0 2 20 1 - 21*00 120 230 (Funiinc for boats and operation, not shown above) ------- SECTION VI: REGION VI LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND In October, 1971, the Acting Regional Administrator, Region VI, appointed an Ad Hoc Committee to develop and recommend a service or support-oriented laboratory systems approach consistent with or- ganization, management processes, and existing or highly probable future programs. EPA Order 1110.19 (June 28, 1971) provides the au- thority to "develop, propose and implement an approved regional program for comprehensive and integrated environmental management activities." This laboratory systems approach will afford the Regional Administrator closer management capability for surveillance and evaluation of the various alterations that the environment will undergo in the future. This section details the background and current status of labo- ratory capabilities in the Region, lists specific functions of a proposed laboratory for Region VT, delineates organizational structure and resource requirements, and presents individual laboratory work plan "work sheets" for each Program Code activity. Current Status of Laboratories The objectives of the current laboratory program are to perform the analytical laboratory services in support of the following Regional programs: e Enforcement e Water o Air e Pesticides o Radiation e Solid Waste e Noise. The priority of laboratory services and magnitude of problems arising from these programs change from time to time. This changing pattern will E-VI-1 ------- substantially alter the support services required to satisfy program objectives. As presented below, laboratory services in support of the Regional operating programs during the past year have been performed at nine different laboratories. Three laboratories are located in Region VI : o Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center Ada, Okla. o Baton Rouge Facility Baton Rouge, La. o Houston Facility Houston, Tex. The remaining six, located elsewhere in the United States, are: o National Field Investigation Center Denver, Colo. o Southeast Water Laboratory Athens, Ga. e Western Environmental Research Laboratory Las Vegas, Nev. e National Environmental Research Center Cincinnati, Ohio c National Field Investigation Center Cincinnati, Ohio o National Environmental Research Center Research Triangle Park, K.C. To identify current laboratory services provided to the Region by all EPA.facilities, it was necessary to inventory their workloads and capabilities. Programs requiring 'support laboratory services were pri- mary to the accomplishment of this inventory. Other items inventoried included: o Parameters analyzed c Number of analyses o Source of samples analyzed e Existing laboratory capabilities o Existing laboratory equipment E-VI-2 ------- e Existing laboratory staff e Regional program areas supported. The current laboratory program summaries have been compiled and are available upon request. Analysis of Current Regional Laboratory Program The Ad Hoc Committee assessed the status of the current program. The following can be concluded from the Committee's analysis: 1. The Regional laboratory program has been primarily a water and wastewater oriented program. Except for a limited num- ber of pesticide and solid waste analyses associated with water enforcement activities, the Regional laboratories have concentrated their efforts on water analysis. 2. All air, radiation, or solid waste samples obtained in the Region have been sent to the respective National Environ- mental Research Centers or State-operated laboratories for analysis. J. The Regional Noise Abatement Program is not operational; at the present time, Region VI has no noise analysis capabili- ties. 4. Sources and types of samples obtained in Region VI were com- piled and summarized by media: o Water - Mississippi River Basin - Louisiana Gulf Coast - Texas Gulf Coast - Major municipal-industrial areas in Region - Interstate and navigable waters in Region o Air - Major municipal-industrial areas in Region - Some isolated areas (e.g. Four Corners) E-VI-3 ------- o Pesticides - Agricultural areas in Region - Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast - Major municipalities c Radiation - Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arkansas River Basin e Solid Waste - Major municipal-industrial areas in Region c Noise - Major municipal-industrial areas in Region o Miscellaneous - Oil pollution - offshore oil operators off the coast of Louisiana and Texas - Brine pollution - Texas Panhandle, Western Oklahoma, and New Mexico - Ground water pollution - arid and semiarid sections of Region - Thermal pollution - Texas Gulf Coast The majority of the samples obtained in Region VI during the past year were analyzed at the Surveillance and Analysis Laboratory in Ada, Okla. The analysis of the current Regional laboratory program indicated the following areas of concern: o The distance separating the laboratory located in a remote part of the Region and the Regional Office has created a communication gap (travel time between Ada and Dallas is approximately 3 hours as there is no major commercial air transportation to Ada); the distance and travel time between Dallas, Baton Rouge, Houston, and the Ada laboratory facilities have resulted in a less effec- tive program. ------- o The majority of the samples analyzed at Ada during the past year were obtained from the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast areas and from the Lower Mississippi Basin; in many cases it was necessary to lease small aircraft to transport samples to the laboratory from the source, a very uneconomical practice. 6. There is a need for air analytical laboratory capabilities in Region VI. These capabilities should be sufficient in scope to support existing Regional surveillance and enforcement activities and projected to support activities for which statutory authority and responsibilities have been or will be assigned to the Regional Office. 7. The Regional laboratories now have the necessary analytical equipment and expertise to carry out the current minimal Regional pesticide program. These capabilities could and should be utilized to the fullest, and the program expanded to fulfill the Regional responsibilities assigned to the Region under the President's Reorganization Plan No. 3- 8. The Regional Solid Waste Analytical Laboratory Program is non- existent. The existing laboratory capabilities could be utilized to initiate and implement a sound solid waste sur- veillance and enforcement program. 9. Radiation analytical requirements in the Region are of such minor scope that laboratory services could continue to be performed by the Western Environmental Research Laboratory at Las Vegas, Nev., and State-operated laboratories. 10. In the development of a conceptual Regional laboratory plan, the following considerations should be carefully evaluated: e The responsibilities assigned to the Region in response to existing, pending, and future EPA statutory authority associated with environmental stress problems e The mission of EPA and the program implemented by the Regional Office to accomplish the mission e The Regional Analytical Laboratory Services needs to suc- cessfully implement Regional programs; consideration should be given to the following: -What parameters must we be capable of analyzing to sup- port our operating program? E-VI-5 ------- REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR REGIONAL LABORATORY SERVICES DIRECTOR I H O ORGANIC SECTION INORGANIC SECTION BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL SECTION ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY AND QUALITY CONTROL (Air, Water, and Solid Waste Capabilities) Organic Chemicals Including Pesticides (Air, Water, and Solid Waste Capabilities) Inorganic Chemicals Including Heavy Metals and Physical Characteristics Coliforms Bacteria Plankton Benthic Fish FIGURE E-VI-1. REGION VI ORGANIZATION ------- A summary of the resource requirements for implementing the single laboratory services plan is presented in Table E-VI-1. TABLE E-VI-1: LABORATORY SERVICE PLAN, REGION VI ACTIVITY Administrative&c Support Administrati on Organic Analysis Inorganic Analysis Biological and Microbiological Analytical Methodology and Quality Control Subtotal Annual Operating Costs Initial Startup for Regional Laboratory Facilities Total $1000 121.3 286.2 236.3 169.7 73-5 887-0 173-0 6Uo.o l,700.0a M/Y 8 16 13 9 h 50 a This amount does not include initial installation for labora- tories in the Region; for example, land acquisition, construc- tion, laboratory equipment. These aspects are under study; the costs for a central laboratory with several satellite labora- tories will be issued later. Projected Regional programs will be based not only on present enabling legislation and responsibilities assigned to the Region through the President's Reorganization Plan No. 3> but also on new legislation and new environmental stress problems associated with the total environment. Citizen participation and interest concerning environmental impact will result in a need for additional laboratory capabilities. The administration of the Industrial Waste Permit Pro- gram will also require laboratory characterization and verification of industrial waste. This activity will result in a major impact on the laboratory services program. Presently the air program is- concerned with the implementation of the air standards program. Enforcement activities in this area have been minimal, but with formulation of state implementation programs the air enforcement program will no doubt be accelerated. Few or no surveillance or enforcement activities have been initiated by the Regional Office in the areas of solid waste and noise. It is E-VI-11 ------- anticipated that both of these programs will be accelerated during this planning period. Regional programs must be flexible to be responsive to changes resulting from the passage of new enabling legislation and to unique problems that may arise in the Region. All Regional programs will con- tinue to provide consultation and assistance to state and local environ- mental control offices. DESCRIPTION OF LABORATORY SYSTEM Mission The present function of the Regional Laboratory System is to ini- tiate, formulate, plan, coordinate, guide, and administer a program for providing sound scientific analytical services to the Regional operating programs to assure the effective implementation of EPA programs for which statutory authority and responsibility have been assigned to the Region VI Office. The projected function of the Regional Laboratory System is to expand Regional laboratory activities to effectively implement new legislative proposals and anticipated laboratory service needs. Program Codes Personnel, equipment, and facilities were considered in the initial Regional laboratory planned resource requirements for FY 1972 through 1977- Each laboratory resource was related to a specific program objec- tive, and laboratory resources were geared to output objectives. All program divisions were requested to assess their laboratory needs by program codes. The summary tables on the following pages represent the best estimates for Region VI's needs. Interaction with Other Laboratory Facilities Other Federal and non-Federal laboratories are available in Region VI to perform laboratory functions that could satisfy EPA program require- ments. In some instances, the general characteristics of these labora- tories do not lend themselves to agency-type analysis. Therefore, nothing more than a cursory examination was made for many of these facilities. Possibly the largest impact of the interaction with other than EPA laboratories is made on the Regional surveillance program. Much of the data obtained for the Regional Water Quality Surveillance program is obtained from a cooperative state-USGS matching program. Regional pro- grams also utilize data from State pesticide, radiation, water, air and solid waste laboratories. E-VT-12 ------- Particularly noteworthy are excellent laboratory facilities at the following locations: e .Texas A&M University -- Excellent neutron activation analysis capabilities e NASA/Houston — Aerial surveillance capabilities o NASA/Mississippi Testing Facilities at Slidell — Aerial sur- veillance; systems analysis for managing data; ADP capability o Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas — Airborne surveillance; heavy metal analysis. The Regional Office conducts a few limited activities concerning aerial surveillance in the Houston Ship Channel-Galveston Bay area. The oil and hazardous materials program is currently negotiating for some contract aerial surveillance work along the Lower Mississippi River and its estuary. It is mandatory that laboratory support services be performed in EPA laboratories by EPA personnel for all Regional activities that have any enforcement implications. E-VI-1J ------- TABLE E-VI-2 LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION VI, DIVISION SUMMARY DIVISION Air and Water Categorical Programs Enforcement Surveillance and Analysis Pesticides TOTALS FYT2 $1000 500 - 150 410 - 1,060 M/Y 21 - 10.9 19 - 50.9 FY73 $1000 510 - 351 680 55 1,596 M/Y 27 - 24.8 31.5 3 86.3 FY74 $1000 535 95 450 926 87 2,093 M/Y 32 3 30.8 43 4 112.8 FY75 $1000 620 111 412 1,269 113 2,525 M/Y 36 k 28.8 59 5-5 133-3 FY76 $1000 650 113 412 1,593 140 2,908 M/Y 38 5 28.8 7^ 7 152.8 FY77 $1000 700 115 412 1,9^8 174 3,349 M/Y 4l 5 28.8 90.5 9 174.3 ------- TABLE E-VI-3 LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION VI, DIVISIONAL BREAKDOWN AIR AND WATER DIVISION Program Code 126DOO 126900 130201 320703 321301 325901 329^00 330205 330501 TOTAL FY 72 $1000 35 50 170 70 25 20 60 45 25 500 M/Y 2 2 5 4 1 1 3 2 1 21 FY 73 $1000 45 60 130 85 1+0 20 60 45 25 510 M/Y 3 3 7 5 2 1 3 2 1 27 FY 74 $1000 50 75 90 85 1*0 20 70 65 40 535 M/Y 3 4 8 5 3 1 3 3 2 32 FY 75 $1000 55 90 150 100 4o 35 40 65 45 620 M/Y 3 5 10 6 3 2 2 3 2 36 FY 76 $1000 55 • 90 180 115 40 35 40 50 45 650 M/Y 3 5 12 7 3 2 2 2 2 38 FY 77 $1000 60 100 210 120 40 35 4o 50 ^5 700 M/Y 3 6 14 7 3 2 2 2 2 4i ------- TABLE E-VI-3 (continued) CATEGORICAL PROGRAMS DIVISION Program Code 430200 230200 TOTAL FY 72 $1000 - M/Y - FY 73 $1000 - M/Y - FY 74 $1000 20 75 95 M/Y 1 2 3 FY 75 $1000 36 75 ill M/Y 2 2 k FY 76 $1000 38 75 113 M/Y 2 3 5 FY 77 $1000 40 75 115 M/Y 2 3 5 ENFORCEMENT DIVISION Program Code 328501 328301 321301 TOTAL FY 72 $1000 140 10 150 M/Y 10 •9 10.9 FY 73 $1000 196 155 351 M/Y 14 10.8 24.8 FY Ik $1000 260 190 450 M/Y 18 12.8 30.8 FY 75 $1000 222 190 412 M/Y 16 12.8 28.8 FY 76 $1000 222 190 412 M/Y 16 12.8 28.8 FY 77 $1000 222 190 412 M/Y 16 12.8 28.8 SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION Program Code 310502 330202 330203 330201 326301 325DOO TOTAL FY 72 $1000 86 140 _ 108 11 65 4 10 M/Y 4 6.5 _ 5 • 5 3 19 FY 73 $1000 194 183 22 151 22 108 680 M/Y 9 8.5 1 7 1 5 31.5 FY 74 $1000 280 204 ^3 194 33 172 926 M/Y 13 9.5 2 9 1.5 8 43 FY 75 $1000 387 290 65 258 54 215 1,269 M/Y 18 13-5 3 12 2.5 10 59 FY 76 $1000 538 366 86 280 65 258 1,593 M/Y 25 17 4 13 3 12 74 FY 77 $1000" 753 398 108 323 86 280 1,948 M/Y 35 18.5 5 15 4 13 90.5 PESTICIDES DIVISION 521500 530200 TOTAL FY 72 $1000 0 M/Y 0 FY 73 $1000 38 17 55 M/Y 2 1 3 FY 74 $1000 60 27 87 M/Y 3 1 4 FY 75 $1000 75 38 113 M/Y 4 1.5 5-5 FY 76 $1000 90 50 140 M/Y 5 2 7 FY 77 $1000 114 60 174 M/Y 6 3 9 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 126DOO: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-FEDERAL SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION-DIRECT SUPPORT TO FEDERAL AGENCIES Objectives The objectives are to assess environmental conditions at Federal installations and to assist other Federal agencies in the collection and evaluation of environmental data. Description Activities include collecting and analyzing ambient and source samples at Federal installations and supporting other Federal agencies in evaluating air quality and emission information. Collected data are then summarized in a form suitable for review by other Federal Agencies. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 2 35,000 3.2 1973 3 45,000 3.2 197^ 3 50,000 3.2 1975 3 55,000 3.2 1976 3 55,000 3.2 1977 3 60,000 3.2 Relationship to Other EPA Programs Data obtained are useful to the Enforcement and Surveillance and Analysis Divisions. Air, water, and noise information may be collected using a similar approach. Constraints Federal installations may, in some cases, have their own environ- mental assessment capability. This service may need to be provided on an "as requested" basis. E-VI-17 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 126900: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-FEDERAL SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT REVIEWS Objectives The objectives are to assess Environmental conditions (during the ETS Review Process) prior to development of a potential source of emissions. After construction, assessments are made to assure that no significant deterioration of the atmosphere has occurred. Description Activities include obtaining atmospheric or stock samples in areas being designated for possible construction of sources of emissions and, subsequently, analyzing these samples in a central laboratory. Sampling will be conducted by a field activities group that is coordinated by the central laboratory. All data obtained are then summarized in a form suitable for use by the EES Review Program. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Procedures used may be applicable to the water, pesticides, and noise programs within the original office. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 2 50,000 1.2 1973 3 60,000 1.2 197^ k 75,000 1.2 1975 5 90,000 1.2 1976 5 90,000 1.2 1977 6 . 100,000 1.2 Constraints See remarks concerning the Ada facility under Program Code 130201. Comments EIS Reviews cannot be completely effective without prior knowledge of atmospheric conditions in the area of question. The field activities group may be made available for multiple purposes including samples for this program element activity. E-VI-18 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 130201: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-AIR-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE- DEVELOPMENT OF STATE PLANS Objective The objective is to determine compliance with and/or progress toward meeting Federal ambient air quality or emission standards. Description Activities include obtaining atmospheric or stack samples in areas under routine surveillance through the use of a field activities group. Subsequently, these samples are transferred to a central laboratory (as required) for analysis. Through the use of monitoring instrumentation, short and long- term sampling is considered as required, particularly during emer- gency episode conditions. All data are summarized for reporting to all segments of EPA as needed. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 5 170,000 i.l 1973 7 130,000 i.l 197^ 8 90,000 1.1 1975 10 150,000 3.1 1976 12 180,000 3.1 1977 1^ 210,000 3.1 Relationship to Other EPA Programs Laboratory capabilities will include equipment to be used by water and pesticides programs and the provision of data that may be used by the enforcement division. Constraints For Region VI, laboratory facilities are available, to a limited extent, at the Ada Center. Political constraints may preclude develop- ment of a central laboratory at another location. The alternative would be to utilize Ada as a support (method development) group to the central laboratory. E-VI-19 ------- Comments A laboratory capable of analyzing routine samples at the regional level is required to allow immediate and close environmental assess- ment capability to the Regional Administrator. E-VI-20 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 230200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-NOISE-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to provide assistance through consultation to State and local agencies for conducting noise abatement programs.- Description Utilization of laboratory services by the noise program would include maintenance of master calibration units and a limited number of noise measuring and recording units. Dependent upon future legis- lation, EPA involvement in the sampling program would be minimal; therefore, a laboratory staff for noise would be small. Their respon- sibilities would be to conduct and analyze noise surveys on Federal facilities and provide training and calibration services to State and local agencies. The laboratory needs could be contracted to a respon- sible firm capable of meeting the strict requirements needed for en- forcement use. Constraints Constraints would be of an administrative nature in maintaining supervision of the firm so that data taken could be used in enforce- ment proceedings. The extent of future legislation would control the requirement for other governmental laboratory service or contract with a private firm. Legislation is expected to be moderate, and the resources are planned, based upon contracting the needed services. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Data obtained are useful to the Enforcement and Surveillance and Analysis Divisions. Air, water, and noise information may be collected using a similar approach. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 - 1973 197^ 2 75,000 3.2 1975 2 75,000 3.2 1976 3 75,000 3.2 1977 3 75,000 3.2 E-VI-21 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310502: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS-WATER-WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE-WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND REPORTING Objectives The objectives are to develop and maintain up-to-date water quality information system; also, to provide water quality monitoring network that has as its goal 200 stations throughout the Region. Description Activities include performing analytical services for the water quality monitoring network. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 U 86,000 1.1 1973 9 193,500 1.1 197^ 13 279,500 1.1 1975 18 387,000 1.1 1976 25 537,500 1.1 1977 35 752,500 1.1 Relationship to Other EPA Programs These activities support the Air and Water Division and the Enforcement Division. E-VI-22 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 320703: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-MUNICIPAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AND INCENTIVES - OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE Objectives The objectives are to monitor the process effluents on plants (facilities) constructed by EPA and to determine program effectiveness by conducting close surveillance programs over facility operation (analytical approach). Description On a bimonthly basis (or as required), samples of effluent are collected from the 1200 plants presently in operation and from those to be constructed in the future. To determine efficiency of operation, data are analyzed. Data are to be provided in a form suitable for evaluation of progress. Relationship to Other EPA Programs This activity has aspects that are applicable to Enforcement and Surveillance and Analysis Divisions. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FJT Years Dollars Priority 1972 ^ 70,000 1.2 1973 5 85,000 1.2 197^ 5 85,000 3.2 1975 6 100,000 3.2 1976 7 115,000 3.2 1977 7 120,000 3.2 Constraints Such analysis is presently being performed by State agencies; however, they have not been questioned in the past. Thus, tests should be conducted in this area. Comments This activity may be more effectively accomplished through use of a small mobile laboratory that could spotcheck efficiency of process. E-VI-23 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 321301: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS- LICENSES AND PERMITS Objectives The objectives are to determine levels of pollution that may occur during and subsequent to dredging operations conducted by the Corps of Engineers. Description Activities include collecting and analyzing samples of sediment and water associated with dredging projects located within Corps operational sites and providing the Federal facilities activity with information as to the pollution capacity of these materials. Projected'Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 1 25,000 1.2 1973 2 40,000 1.2 197^ 3 40,000 1.2 1975 3 40,000 1.2 1976 3 40,000 1.2 1977 3 40,000 1.2 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This activity is related to water hygiene and standards activities. Constraints The Corps of Engineers, in some cases, conducts its own analysis on these samples using prescribed EPA techniques; they may object to having this function transferred. Comments Current thinking is that EPA should be performing its own analyses on these samples. E-VI-24 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 325DOO: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-FEDERAL INSTALLATION SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-COORDINATION AND ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to provide analytical support to other Federal agencies in their water quality control activities. These activities are responsive to Section 5B of the Clean Water Act of 1966. Services are administered on a priority basis whereby EPA priority needs are fulfilled before services are provided other Federal agencies. Description Activities include analytical services on Corps of Engineers dredging samples, reservoir quality samples, and requests from Bureau of Reclamation for water quality surveys. Services are provided the Coast Guard for technical backup on proceedings under the 1924 Oil Pollution Act. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 3 64,500 1.2 1973 5 107,500 1.2 1974 8 172,000 1.2 1975 10 215,000 1.2 1976 12 258,000 1.2 1977 13 279,500 1.2 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program ties in with activities of the Federal activities program and the Air and Water Programs Division. Constraints EPA priorities are fulfilled before requests from other Federal agencies are considered. Comments 1972 services are being provided to the Corps of Engineers for dredging spoil analysis and the U.S. Coast Guard for analysis of samples used to enforce the 1924 Oil Pollution Act. E-VI-25 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 325901: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-FEDERAL INSTALLATION SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-IMPACT STATEMENTS Objective The objective is to provide analytical information necessary for evaluation process during Environmental Impact Statement Review. Description Activities include collecting water samples in areas being con- sidered as possible construction sites for potential sources of emissions and analyses of these data for possible assessment prior to construction. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- •^ Years Dollars Priority 1972 1 20,000 1.1 1973 1 20,000 1.1 197^ 1 20,000 1.1 1975 2 35,000 1.1 1976 2 35,ooo 1.1 1977 2 35,000 1.1 Relationship to Other EPA Programs These activities relate to air and solid wastes, with some possible connection to pesticides efforts. Comments This capability is necessary to provide the Council of Environ- mental Quality (CEQJ with information on which to base judgments as to potential environmental insult of construction projects.' Informa- tion can be geared so that long-range effects can also be assessed. E-VT-26 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 326301: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS-STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS- SPILL PREVENTION AND RESPONSE Objectives The objectives are to minimize the possibilities of a spill occurring, and to minimize the harmful effects on the environment when a spill, does occur, by providing water pollution control expertise. Description Analytical services include the "fingerprinting" of oils and identification of hazardous materials. Chemical and biological analyses are provided to determine beneficial use damages on shellfish and fish- food chains as a result of oil and hazardous materials spills. These analyses provide a basis for recovery of damage suits against the company causing the spill of oil and hazardous materials. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 0.5 10,750 1.1 1973 1 21,500 1.1 197^ 1.5 32,250 1.1 1975 2.5 53,750 1.1 1976 3 64,500 1.1 1977 4 86,000 1.1 Relationship to Other EPA Programs Federal activities programs fo the Air and Water Division interact with this activity. E-VI-27 ------- PROGRAM CODES: 32830!: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTE ON-STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS-REFUSE ACT PERMITS; 321301: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS- LICENSES AND PERMITS Objective The objective is to insure that no Federal permit is issued, pur- suant to the provisions of Sections 10 and 13 of the 1899 Rivers and Harbors Act or other enabling legislation, without full consideration of environmental factors and the inclusion of permit conditions that will protect or enhance the quality of the receiving waters. Description Activities and responsibilities of the permit program include: evaluation and conditioning of applications for Federal permits, pro- viding advice to Federal permitting agencies with respect to various water quality considerations, validation of data submitted by appli- cants for Federal permits, and referral of cases to Regional enforce- ment personnel for handling. It is anticipated that applications submitted by "major polluters" will require extensive study and detailed technical review. This activity will require on-site surveys and sampling of various indus- trial process waste streams to validate permit application data and to develop plans for corrective action. The complexity of the industrial facilities and the necessity for specific technical knowledge of the individual cases will require that permit personnel be involved in this activity. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 0.9 10,000 i 1973 10.8 155,000 2 197U 12.8 190,000 2 1975 12.8 190,000 2 1976 12.8 190,000 2 1977 12.8 190,000 2 E-VI-28 ------- Relationship to Other EPA Programs Water Programs- Will provide statistical information relating to quality and quantity of industrial discharges into the waterways of the Region. Enforcement Programs- Will provide technical bases for legal actions against permit violators. Constraints It is essential that close coordination and good communication be maintained between the permit program and the laboratory or labora- tories. This situation is most difficult under present circumstances. Ideally, a centrally located laboratory, supplemented by lesser labora- tory capabilities located in the lower Mississippi and Texas Gulf Coast areas, would best serve program needs. Accessibility is and should be a prime consideration. It is necessary to be able to work directly with the laboratories. Delays resulting from the inacces- sibility of poorly located laboratory facilities would have a serious and adverse impact on the program. E-VI-29 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328501: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION-ENFORCEMENT Objectives The Enforcement Branch is responsible for advising the Regional Administrator in matters pertaining to the enforcement of standards for environmental quality and for the conduct of enforcement activities in the water, air, noise, radiation, pesticides, and solid waste areas. The Branch is responsible for reviewing enforcement cases to assure appropriate content and consistency with established policies and pro- cedures and to maintain comprehensive information on the status of Regional enforcement activities and of State and industry compliance plans and actions. Description To implement the broad program objectives listed above, the branch must have the capacity to obtain and develop evidence and then assess the adequacy and validity of the legal analytical, economic, scientific, and technical data and findings in the development of enforcement policy and actions and other legal proceedings. Program objectives at this time call for concentration of effort in the heavily industrialized Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast area as well as the Lower Mississippi. This responsibility necessitates an adequately equipped and staffed laboratory easily accessible to the Regional enforcement office to quickly collect and receive the samples and work with Regional enforce- ment personnel in the use and development of these samples in enforce- ment activities. Ready access and availability of a laboratory to the Regional office is critical. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 10 iJ*o,ooo 1.1 1973 1^ 196,000 1.1 197^ 18 260,000 2.1 1975 16 222,000 3.2 1976 16 222,000 3.2 1977 16 222,000 3.2 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program element is very closely related to other EPA pro- grams, namely: Permits, Air and Water, and Categorical Programs (Pesticides, Hazardous Materials, Solid Wastes, Noise, and Radiation). The collection, compilation, and review of data, development of enforce- ment actions, and the prosecution of violations occurring in these media are of prime importance. E-VI-30 ------- Constraints The support needed by this program element must be readily avail- able and accessible. Program personnel must be in close communication with support personnel to insure proper planning of investigation, overcome technical difficulties, and so forth, in the collection of evidence for litigation. The support facility must be readily accessible to the shipment of samples from points within the Region and also the support personnel must be able to respond rapidly and investigate violations as they arise unexpectedly in the Region. E-VT-31 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 329^00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS - SYSTEMS MONITORING Objectives The objectives are to provide analytical information with respect to water supply systems operated by States and municipalities. Current practice is to send selected samples of these systems to the Cincinnati facility for the more difficult parameter analyses. Description Activities include the collection of samples from water supply systems on a routine basis or as required during special conditions; also, analyses of these samples (in a central laboratory) for those materials that the State cannot assess or for which data are required in a more rapid manner than that provided by the Cincinnati laboratory. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 3 60,000 1.3 1973 3 60,000 1.3 1974 3 70,000 1.3 1975 2 k-0,000 3-3 1976 2 40,000 3-3 1977 2 40,000 3-3 Relationship to Other EPA Programs Information collected may be useful to Enforcement and Surveil- lance and Analysis Divisions. Constraints Through the present arrangement, the water hygiene program has maintained excellent relations with the highly competent staff of the Cincinnati laboratory. It is felt that altering this process may tend to strain this relation. Comments Since State agencies are building up their competence in this area, this activity should perform quality control functions until the agencies attain full capability. E-VI-32 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330201: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-WATER-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE- MAJOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT Objectives The objectives are to develop studies, field investigations, and water quality data necessary to recommend solutions to the specific water pollution problems and to support EPA enforcement proceedings under 180-day standards' violations, shellfish conference proceedings, and 1899 Refuse Act cases. Description Analytical services include the entire spectrum of available tech- niques in support of major technical support activities. Chemical, biological, and microbiological services are included. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 5 107,500 1.1 1973 1 150,500 1.1 197^ 9 193,500 1.1 1975 12 258,000 1.1 1976 13 279,500 1.1 1977 15 322,500 1.1 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This activity relates in part to technical assistance activities of the Enforcement Division, Air and Water Programs Division, and Cate- gorical Programs Division. E-VI-33 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330202: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-WATER-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE- BASIC TECHNICAL SUPPORT Objectives The objectives are to develop water quality information to deter- mine if enforcement actions are needed and also in support of State pollution control agencies and State water supply evaluations. Tech- nical data are provided to support 180-day standards' violations, shellfish conference proceedings, and 1899 Refuse Act violations. Description Activities include providing wide variety of analytical services during investigations of an enforcement nature, as well as in support of nonenforcement-related studies. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 6.5 339,750 l.l 1973 8.5 362,750 1.1 197^ 9-5 204,250 l.l 1975 13-5 290,250 l.l 1976 17 365,500 l.l 1977 18.5 397,750 1.1 Relationship to Other EPA Programs Activities are expected to expand into air pollution studies in the near future. ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330203: GENERAL ASSISTANCE/', ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-WATER-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE- ESTUARINE AND OCEANOGRAPHIC STUDIES Objectives The objectives are to develop water quality information and deter- mine effects of water quality on estuarine ecology. These services are required to support the recommendations of the EPA report of the national estuarine study. Description Activities include analytical support to estuarine and oceano- graphic studies, including analyses on various aquatic organisms. Projected Resource and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 0 0 1.3 1973 1 21,500 1.3 197^ 2 1^3,000 1.3 1975 3 6^,500 1.3 1976 k 86,000 1.3 1977 5 107,500 1.3 E-VI-35 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330205: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-WATER-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE- MAJOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT-WATER HYGIENE Objectives The objectives are to provide State and municipalities with analytical laboratory assistance during special conditions, such as epidemics, spills, etc.; and to assist State and local agencies during development of water hygiene programs by providing analytical infor- mation regarding water supplies. Des cription Activities include coordinating with appropriate agencies regarding an optimum sampling program and development of projects as required (routine or special cases); collecting samples and forwarding them to central laboratory; and analyzing samples and assisting agencies in assessing information with regard to handling procedures or subsequent actions to be taken. Relationship to Other EPA Programs Sampling program information gathered during special or emergency conditions may be useful to Enforcement Division. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 2 lj-5,000 1.2 1973 2 Il5,000 1.2 197^ 3 65,000 1.2 1975 3 65,000 1.2 1976 2 50,000 1.3 1977 2 50,000 1.3 Constraints Refer to Program Code 329^00 since the same comments apply. Comments As with Program Code 329^00, this function may be phased out as States build capability in this area. Quality control (for routine samples) may be best approach for this activity. E-VT-36 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330501: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVTRONMEM'AL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-WATER-FEDERAL WATER QUALITY CONTROL AND WATER HYGIENE PLANNING AND REPORTS TO CONGRESS- WATER QUALITY PLANNING Objective The objective is to assist in the development and monitoring of Federal Water Quality Planning activities. Description Activities include developing models of river basins as required; collecting water samples at strategic sites within river basin (accord- ing to predicted model); and analyzing water samples (for DO, NO:*, S0j., TBS) to verify predicted concentrations. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 1 25,000 3.2 1973 1 25,000 3.2 1974 2 40,000 3.2 1975 2 45,000 3.2 1976 2 45,000 3.2 1977 2 45,000 3.2 Relationship to Other EPA Programs Program applicable to water only; however, the same approach could be useful in other EPA programs. Comments Sampling could be conducted by river authorities. E-vT-37 ------- PROGRAM CODE: *I30200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING-SOLID WASTES-TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objectives The objectives are to provide, through consultation, technical assistance in the area of solid waste management to States and local governments and other eligible agencies to upgrade their solid waste management systems. Description State and local agencies are presently responsible for all sampling and analysis with respect to design and operation of solid waste disposal systems. Special samples are, on occasion, analyzed at the Solid Waste Research Laboratory in Cincinnati. If present legis- lation is changed to include enforcement responsibility, this concept of local sampling and analysis should be authorized under the new legislation. Projected Resources and Priorities Man- FY Years Dollars Priority 1972 1973 197^ 1 20,000 3.2 1975 2 36,000 3.3 1976 2 38,000 3.5 1977 2 U0,000 3.5 Relationship to Other EPA Programs Current analyses in air and water programs would be applicable for certain solid waste samples. Constraints Constraints involve licensing of laboratories at local level to provide the quality of analysis required for all design, operations, and enforcement needs. Comments Using local laboratories appears to be less expensive then main- taining these services in a government facility or facilities. How- ever, a cost benefit study should be conducted to determine whether the quality of data provided by these laboratories is sufficient to achieve program goals. In addition, supervision would be required to monitor these laboratories. Data in resources and priorities reflect this supervisory role. E-VI-38 ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of projected resources (dollars and man-years) for the components of the Region's pro- grams which requires laboratories. The laboratory is maintained within the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may provide services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected labora- tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It was obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and ask- ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. These assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multi- meda role, with programs underway in water, air, land, and other environ- mental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratorystaff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise and skills to effectively implement national environmental programs. These summary tab- les reflect the revised staffing needs, based on these assumptions. E-VT-39 ------- TABLE E-VI-U LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY, REGION VI PROGRAM CODE AIR 130200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 2J0200 WATER 310500 320300 321300 328200 328300 328400 325100 325^00 320^00 321^00 322^00 3231*00 32^00 FY 72 $K M/Y 170 5 35 2 50 2 - - 86 4 - 25 1 - 10 0.9 - - - - - - - - FY 73 $K M/Y 130 7 ^5 3 60 3 - - 19U 9 - kO 2 - 155 10.8 - - - - - - - - FY 7^ $K M/Y 90 8 50 3 75 ^ - 75 2 280 13 - kO 3 - 190 12.8 - - - - - - - - FY 75 $K M/Y 150 10 55 3 90 5 - 75 2 387 18 - 4o 3 - 190 12.8 - - - - - - - - FY 76 $K M/Y 180 12 55 3 90 5 - 75 3 538 25 - kO 3 - 190 12.8 - - - - - - - - FY 77 $K M/Y 210 Ik 60 3 100 6 - 75 3 753 35 - ko 3 - 190 12.8 - - - - - - - - Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division $K=units of $1,000 M/Y=man-years ------- TABLE E-VI-4 (continued) PROGRAM CODE WATER, cont. 320500 321500 323500 324500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 326^00 . 326500 329400 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 430200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 521400 RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 SK M/Y - - - - l4o 10 70 4 65 3 20 1 11 0.5 - - 60 3 293 13-5 - 25 1 - - - - - - - 1060 50.9 FY 73 $K M/Y - - - - 196 14 85 5 108 5 20 1 22 1 - - 60 3 4oi 18.5 - 25 1 - - 17 1 38 2 - - - 1596 86.3 FY 74 $K M/Y - - - - 260 18 85 5 172 8 20 1 33 1-5. - - 70 3 506 23.5 - 40 2 - 20 1 27 1 60 3 - - - 2093 112-8 FY 75 $K M/Y - - - - 222 16 100 6 215 10 35 2 54 6.5 - - 40 2 678 31-5 - 45 2 - 36 2 38 1.5 75 4 - - - 2525 133-3 FY 76 $K M/Y - - - - 222 16 115 J 258 12 35 2 65 3 - - 40 2 782 36 - 45 2 - 38 2 50 2 90 5 - - - 2908 152.8 FY 77 $K M/Y - - - - 222 16 120 7 280 13 35 S 86 4 - - 40 2 879 40.5 - 4$ 2 - 40 2 60 3 1.4 6 - - - 3349 174.3 •1- H ------- SECTION VII: REGION VII LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND Region VII, comprised of the four states—Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, and Nebraska—with headquarters located in Kansas City, Mo., has as its mission supporting to the fullest extent possible the water and enforce- ment programs. The laboratory is under the Technical Support Branch of • the Surveillance and Analysis Division. Although the laboratory operates primarily as a complementary section to field operations, it provides services to all technical programs in the Region upon request. At this time, the Regional facility is judged to be inadequate to support existing needs and requests for laboratory support. The physical facilities have also been declared unsafe for personnel from the Facili- ties Branch in Washington. The Region is presently seeking new laboratory facilities. This need has been acknowledged by the appropriate Assistant Administrators, and GSA has received certification of fund availability. An agreement has been reached between GSA and a lessor to provide approxi- mately 20, 000 square feet of space for an EPA support laboratory for a period of 15 years at an estimated cost of $250,000 per annum. Initial expenditures on furniture will be about $160,000. Current laboratory work is divided among enforcement (50 percent); water programs including feedlot and planning studies (20 percent); sur- veillance (10 percent); assistance to other Federal agencies (10 percent); and analytical quality control (10 percent). The laboratory staff is delineated as follows: Chemists - 6 Microbiologists - 2 Technician - 1 Aide - 1. In addition, the Region has four biologists who will operate out of the expanded laboratory facility but are presently occupying space in the Regional Office. LABORATORY DESCRIPTION The Missouri Basin Regional Laboratory was established early in 1968 to support the technical programs then the responsibility of the Region. Technical assistance to the various States, water quality sur- veillance, international cooperation, water quality standards setting, E-VII-1 ------- enforcement, and support to other Federal agencies were the more signifi- cant activities requiring laboratory backup. Since 1968, the one-chemist and one-biologist facility has been expanded into a multiplicity of rooms comprising 2,700 square feet in various buildings, hallways, and entrance lobbies of the Kansas City Sewage Treatment Plant. Approximately 2,100 square feet of this space has been converted to usable laboratory, office, and storage space. Some of the equipment required in a modern laboratory is available. Through dedication, ingenuity, and continual rearrangement of equipment setups, the staff provides the maximum amount of technical support pos- sible with this limited facility. The technical programs that the present Interim Regional laboratory is supporting have increased in importance and impact on the total pol- lution abatement and water quality enhancement program. The present location on lease from the Kansas City, Mo., Pollution Control Department exists because of a special relationship between the two organizations. The only feasible alternative is to lease space. The present Regional program activity has greatly expanded beyond those programs first designed for water quality operations only. Total EPA responsibility includes solid wastes, air, and water programs. Wo other laboratory facility exists other than the present interim Labora- tory. The emphasis placed on EPA regulatory efforts, enforcement activities and support of State programs makes it essential that adequate technical support be available. Of the four States to be the special interest of Region VII, only one has a reasonable laboratory. This laboratory is located in a university and serves as a teaching and research facility while providing the more routine laboratory support. Region VII is composed of industrial centers, agricultural activi- ties, and a reasonably dense grouping of small communities. This com- bination makes the problems diverse and numerous. All require' State and Federal support. Meeting the laboratory needs of Region VII program elements is essential to achievement of EPA goals. The necessary funding to provide relief from this problem is estimated at $250,000 per fiscal year for rent and $160, 000 for initial laboratory equipment and furniture-- 60 percent for "A" priority, 10 percent for "B" priority, and 30 percent for "C" priority programs. E-VII-2 ------- Because of past delays, the required additional laboratory capability is a current and pressing need. LABORATORY SYSTEM CONCEPT Region VII's system concept has its basis in the belief that labora- tory operations belong in the Surveillance and Analysis Division under the direct supervision of the Technical Support Branch. The laboratory should provide chemical and bacteriological support as a service to requesting programs. Biology is not in the laboratory table of organi- zation but functions as a separate group because of the unique importance of biological investigations and the requirement for the biologists to design and conduct studies, and interpret and report results (see Figure E-VII-1). It is also proposed that two satellite laboratory facilities be developed to support investigations of water quality problems in the Ozark Lakes in Missouri and feedlot waste problems in Iowa and Nebraska. Suggested locations are Springfield, Mo., and Mead, Nebr., which could be in conjunction with the agricultural extension service field sta- tion. So that services will be responsive to Regional needs, these labo- ratories should be under administrative and technical control of the Regional Administrator. Policy and technical input would be expected from Headquarters personnel in research areas that have national implications or priority. The major objective of the laboratory is to provide support to requesting programs under priorities provided by the Regional Adminis- trator. With a service group concept, the division of effort into program element categories preempts the prerogatives of the Regional Administrator. Description The laboratory scheme desire'd in Region VII is based on the premise that laboratory services are a support function. This support may be for discrete jobs or a continuing effort of monitoring, surveillance, or special study. At the present time, the function of the laboratory is to provide support services for all requests in the priority established by the Regional Administrator. It is anticipated that future functions would be the same. If the status of the air program is resolved (that is, regionalization vs. central control), then this function could be inte- grated into the operations accordingly. E-VII-3 ------- DIVISION OF SURVEILLANCE Aim ANALYSIS OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SURVEILLANCE AND EVALUATION WATER SUPPLY TECHNICAL SUPPORT H FIELD INVESTIGATIONS BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS FIGURE E-VII-1. PROPOSED ORGANIZATION, SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION, REGION VII ------- Programs supported by the laboratory Include enforcement, both field investigations and permits; planning; technical assistance; special studies; and water quality monitoring. Resource projections are shown in Table E-VTI-1. Projected growth of 5 percent per year is not adequate since the Region is lacking in laboratory resources at the present time. The relation of the laboratory operation with other programs will depend on the structuring of internal priorities that evolves from organizational development at the Headquarters level. Any attempt to predict this structuring would be tantamount to prognosticating the future. Constraints on development are primarily the allocation of resources in terms of manpower and ceilings and the recognition of the need to achieve long-term goals as well as short-range objectives. Interaction with Other Laboratories The primary interest in coordinating with other laboratories is to exchange information and ideas and to avail ourselves of the expertise that exists within the Agency. This type of interaction depends upon the development of mutual trust and friendship between individual laboratory staffs and the mutual desire for cooperation. The high degree of sophis- tication in laboratory instrumentation makes this type of interaction mandatory if EPA is to achieve maximum benefit from these resources. The laboratory will also interact with the Analytical Quality Con- trol Group in Cincinnati. It is our belief that data developed for regulatory purposes must be accompanied by an analytical quality control validation. The Cincinnati AQC Laboratory is the leader in this field. SUMMARY Table E-VII-2 summarizes existing laboratory capabilities in terms of program element utilization along with required laboratory capabili- ties for achievement of the desired level of program activity. The assigned priorities indicate the following: e A = The indicated laboratory capability required by the program element is essential to future expansion or improvement of the program and this need cannot be met by any other means e B = Same as "A" except the program needs can be met by use of an alternate approach within the Region although use of the alternate means would decrease the effectiveness of the program element o C = Same as "B" except the alternate means entail relying on programs external to the Region for support in these areas. E-VII-5 ------- TABLE E-VII-1: LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION VII Laboratory Site Kansas City, Mo. Springfield, Mo. Mead, Nebr. Total FY72 Man- Years 15 -- — 15 $1000 300a -- -- 300 FY73 Man- Years 20 1 2 23 $1000 500 25 50 575 FY71+ Man- Years 30 5 7 1+2 $1000 750 150 200 1,100 FY75 Man- Years ho 10 10 60 $1000 800 300 300 1,1+00 FY76 Man- Years 50 13 10 73 $1000 1,000 i+oo 300 1,700 FY77 Man- Years 56 13 10 79 $1000 1,700 1+00 300 2,1+00 a is figure does not include cost of physical facilities or equipment. ------- TABLE E-VII-2: EXISTING AMD PROJECTED LABORATORY SPACE AM) STAFF, REGION Vi± Program Element Technical Assistance Technical Support Monitoring and Surveillance Applied R&D Manpower Development TOTAL Existing Lab Utilization Space 250 ft2 1,850 ft2 None None None 2,100 ft2 Staff 1 7 None None 2 10 Program Needs for Lab Capability Space U,650 ft2 2,790 ft2 1,860 ft2 6,500 ft2 2,950 ft2 18,750 ft2 Staff 17 10 7 20 2 56 Assigned Priority A A B C C Meeting of the "A" priority laboratory capability needs is an essen- tial first step in EPA's effort to abate water pollution-within this Region. The meeting of the "B" priority laboratory capability needs is essential to the effectiveness of this Region's abatement and control program efforts. The "C" priority laboratory needs are required to achieve a minimum program -within this Region. Technical Assistance The present program provides technical assistance to States only upon request with no real effort made to solicit such requests. Any samples received for analysis from States are forwarded to either Cincinnati or Athens. The awkwardness of this arrangement and the resulting delays in obtaining results have in some cases strained our relationship with State programs. The Corps of Engineers is provided technical assistance by our present laboratory to the extent of analyzing 24 samples per month. Approximately 10 percent of the present laboratory 250 and 1.0 man-year are utilized by this program element. of space The desired program is one where we are able to encourage the States to expand and refine their abatement and control program activities by offering technical assistance as an incentive. The Corps of Engineers has also indicated a need for additional technical assistance with expan- sion of the present workload to approximately 50 samples per month. The laboratory capability required to achieve this program is estimated at ft2 with a staff of 17. E-VII-7 ------- Technical Support The present laboratory supports the enforcement, Federal activities, planning grants, and construction grants programs. Field studies to obtain empirical information for enforcement actions, provide an empiri- cal base for certification of Federal facilities, and obtain basic information with which to delineate planning needs for river basins are the program activities involved. The present laboratory also processes samples in support of the maintenance and inspection efforts of the construction grants program. Almost 90 percent of the present laboratory space, or 1,850 ft , and 7-0 man-years are utilized by this program element. The desired program is a significantly expanded enforcement effort including the area of Federal facilities and an increased effort in the maintenance and inspection phase of the construction grants program. The laboratory capability required to achieve these levels of program activity is estimated at 2,790 ft2 with a staff of 10. Monitoring and Surveillance Present program efforts are centered around an interagency reimburs- able agreement ($93,000/yr) with the U.Sk Geological Survey for the collection and analysis of U3 monthly water samples from ^3 different locations. Samples are also collected monthly at h other stations by local programs and 1 other station by the Region VII staff. These 5 samples per month are analyzed by the existing Regional laboratory, which represents almost no utilization of this existing laboratory capability. The desired program is to maintain the present number of monitoring stations but with less dependence on the U.S. Geological Survey for analysis of the samples collected. This would involve utilizing the U.S. Geological Survey through the reimbursable agreement for continued sample collection and routine analysis of the samples. The Regional laboratory would perform the nonroutine analysis of the samples as a direct func- tion of the basic data needs of the various enforcement and abatement and control program efforts in the Region. This degree of versatility is necessary for the monitoring and surveillance program to be able to quickly respond to changes in these basic data needs and to provide the necessary analytical quality control essential to enforcement program efforts. The laboratory capability required to achieve this desired program is 1,860 ft2 with a staff of 7. Applied Research and Development Present R&D program efforts within the Region are research grants with no direct technology transfer. There is a need for such feedback in direct support of Regional abatement and control programs, particu- larly in the areas of agriculture (principally feedlot and other types of agricultural run-off problems), sediment, and nonferrous mining. E-VII-8 ------- These efforts would be conducted strictly in those areas where there is a lack of or an inadequate technological base for the conduct of Regional abatement and control programs. The technology developed and the methods by which it is applied would be made available to the other Regions. The laboratory capability required to adequately support this program is estimated at 6,500 ft^ and a staff of 20. The location of this program effort in Kansas City is requested to facilitate the transfer of tech- nology from the applied R&D program to those who need it in the Regional abatement and control program. Manpower Development The present manpower development program within the Region does not include direct training. The main program activity involves on-the-job training of waste treatment plant operators through contractual arrange- ments. For State and local personnel to participate in Water Quality Office training courses they must travel to either Ada, Okla., or Cin- cinnati, Ohio. The distance and expense involved in doing so severely limit the number of State and local personnel who can receive this training because of limited funds available at the State and local level for out-of-state travel. It is therefore desirable to locate a direct training facility in the Kansas City area to decrease the expense per student per day to State and local personnel who can attend these courses. It is estimated that 2,950 ft of space is required to achieve this desired program activity level with no increase in staff, since existing Regional staff personnel and guest lecturers would be used to conduct courses. E-VTI-9 ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of projected resources (dollars and man-years) for the components of the Region's pro- grams which require laboratories. The laboratory is maintained within the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may provide services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected labora- tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It was obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and ask- ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. These assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multi- media role, with programs under way in water, air, land, and other environ- mental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratory staff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise and skills to. effectively implement national environmental programs. These summary tab- les reflect the revised staffing needs, based on these assumptions. E-VII-10 ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY, REGION VII PROGRAM CODE AIR 130200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 230200 WATER 310500 320300 321300 328200 328300 328^00 325100 325^00 320^00 321^00 322^00 323^00 32^00 FY 72 $K M/Y 70 1 - - - - 30 2 - - - - - - - 20 1 100 5 - 20 1 - FY 73 $K M/Y 130 k - - - - 100 k - - - - - - - 75 3 150 6 - 80 3 25 1 FY 7^ $K M/Y 200 8 - - - - 100 k - - - - - - - 125 5 150 6 - 125 5 50 2 FY 75 $K M/Y 225 9 - - - - 100 4 - - - - - - _ 150 6 150 6 - 150 6 75 3 FY 76 $K M/Y 225 9 - - - - 100 k - - - - - - - 150 6 150 6 - 150 6 75 3 FY 77 $K M/Y 225 10 - - - - 100 k - - - - - - - 150 6 175 7 - 150 6 75 3 Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division $K=units of $1,000 M/Y=man-years ------- TABLE E-VII-3 (continued) M PROGRAM CODE WATER, cent. 320500 J21500 323500 321*500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 3261*00 326500 3291*00 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 1+30200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 5211*00 RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 $K M/Y - 20 1 - - - - 10 0.5 - - - - - 25 1 - - - - - - - - - 295 12.5 FY 73 $K M/Y 10 0.5 20 1 10 0.5 10 0.5 10 0.5 - 10 0.5 - - 10 0.5 - 20 1 50 2 - - 10 0.5 - 20 1 - - - - 740 J0.5 FY 7l* $K M/Y 10 0.5 20 1 10 0.5 10 0.5 10 0.5 - 20 1 , - 10 0.5 - 1*0 2 80 3 10 0.5 - 10 0.5 - 1*0 2 - - - - 1020 1*2.5 FY 75 $K M/Y 10 0.5 20 1 10 0.5 10 0.5 10 0.5 - 20 1 - - 10 1 - 1*0 2 110 1+ 10 0.5 - 10 0.5 - 1*0 2 - - - - 1150 1*8 FY 76 $K M/Y 10 0.5 20 1 10 0.5 10 0.5 10 0.5 - 20 1 - - 10 1 - 1*0 2 125 5 10 0.5 - 10 0.5 - 1*0 2 - - - - 1165 1*9 FY 77 $K M/Y 10 0.5 20 1 10 0.5 10 0.5 10 0.5 - 20 1 - - 10 1 - 50 2 125 5 10 0.5 - 10 0.5 - 1*0 2 - - - - 1200 51 ------- SECTION VIII: REGION VIII LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND Region VIII laboratory in Denver, Colo., provides technical support to all Regional program elements - water quality (including water hygiene or water supply), air, solid wastes management, radiation, pesticides, and manpower development - and technical assistance to State laboratory programs or other requesting groups. Specific program objectives are the following: e To provide and coordinate analytical laboratory support to Regional program elements for all types of environmental media c To insure analytical quality control for Regional laboratory analysis and for analytical data provided by self-monitoring polluters, other Federal, State, and local agencies c To develop and provide consultation and assistance to State, local, and other agencies in analytical methodology, and to provide associated laboratory support services as required e To provide technical expertise in support of enforcement actions. Analytical capabilities of the laboratory are sufficiently compre- hensive to permit the conduct of chemical, physical, and biological analysis on all types of environmental media and waste products. This work is accomplished by a multidiscipline staff with individual exper- tise in inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, pesticides analysis, radiochemistry, microbiology, and biology. Interfaces with the National Environmental Research Center laboratories are maintained in the areas of analytical quality control and the field application and testing of analytical methods developed by research program elements. Reliance is placed on the national laboratories for the conduct of special pollutant analyses that require sophisticated expertise and instrumentation beyond Regional program capabilities. Mobile units complement the fixed laboratory resources and provide the capability to conduct on-site physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses of liquid effluent and receiving water samples. E-VIII-1 ------- Based on FY72 position allocations from the Office of Resources Management, laboratory staffing is being implemented in terms of providing services only to water quality program elements (exclusive of water hygiene). The proposed composition of the laboratory staff by discipline and the current status of recruitment efforts are summarized below: Position Status Supervisory Inorganic Chemist (GS-12) Supervisory Aquatic Biologist (GS-12) Microbiologist (GS-ll) Radiochemist (GS-ll) Fishery Biologist (GS-9 ) Inorganic Chemist '(GS-9 ) Aquatic Biologist (GS-7 ) Inorganic Chemist (GS-5 ) Physical Science Technician (GS-6 ) Physical Science Technician (GS-5 ) On-Board Filled Filled Vacant Vacant Vacant On-Board On-Board Recruiting Vacant Recruiting efforts have been intentionally-held back because of a lack of adequate laboratory space. At the present time, the only labora- tory space occupied by Region VIII is a 40-ft semitrailer that pre- viously served as a mobile unit for the Wheeling Field Station of the former Ohio Basin Region. Although the interior of the unit has been reworked to the point that 38 separate analyses including heavy metals can be conducted on water samples, the small amount of working space severely limits the sample load that can be handled. Moreover, the space does not permit either microbiological or biological analysis and is less than adequate for meeting the minimum water chemistry needs of the Region. Pending the leasing and completion of a permanent facility, interim space will have to be secured consistent with the minimal needs of the chemistry, biology, and microbiology programs. The decision to develop a radiochemical competency in Region VIII, at least in the water quality area, is based on the rather extensive radiation surveillance needs of the Region. Such needs stem from the location within the Regional boundaries of the bulk of U.S. mining and milling operations for uranium recovery and the majority of proposed Plowshare projects. The radiochemistry function of the laboratory does not involve any significant initial expenditure for nuclear instrumen- tation and the like, since this activity is not a new program effort, but rather a continuation of the routine radioactivity surveillance of the waters of the Colorado River Basin, a project that started in the early 1960's. Until the laboratory was moved and consolidated into the Alameda Laboratory of Region IX, the Salt Lake City Laboratory of the E-VIII-2 ------- Colorado-Bonneville Basins Office (formerly the Colorado River Water Quality Project) performed the radioactivity analyses associated with water and bottom sediment samples from the Colorado River Basin (Radium Monitoring Network). This service was continued until the creation of EPA Regions removed the Radium Monitoring Network from Region IX respon- sibility, thereby eliminating the need for a substantial radiochemistry group in the Alameda Laboratory. Correspondingly, the nuclear instrumen- tation and equipment are being transferred from Region IX to Region VIII. In addition to the need for surveillance and the.possession of the neces- sary equipment, Region VIII also has the necessary technical expertise in the field-of radiological water pollution control (the Acting Chief of the Technical Support Branch, Surveillance and Analysis Division, pre- viously was in charge of the Federal Water Quality Administration radio- activity programs). Because of this unique set of circumstances, it is logical that the Region conduct its own radiological analyses instead of utilizing a national research laboratory such as the Western Environ- mental Research Laboratory. Presently, analytical support for the water hygiene, air, and solid wastes management programs is obtained from centralized laboratories located in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Raleigh-Durham, N.C. Similar support for the national pesticides program is provided by the Denver Chemistry Laboratory of the Pesticides Office. This laboratory has not been "regionalized" and still receives program direction and support from Headquarters. LABORATORY SYSTEM CONCEPT Future planning involves expanding the laboratory functions from servicing of the Regional water quality program to a full-service labora- tory that can meet the analytical needs of all Regional program elements. This effort will be accomplished by expanding the present staff along the same lines of scientific disciplines, adding specialists in the field of air sample analysis, and expanding the coverage of the pesticides labora- tory to include pesticides residue analyses and other types of organic analyses. Program Codes The FYT2 staffing pattern for the Regional laboratory was developed from position allocations in the program codes listed as follows: c Environmental Standards - Water 310500 Water Quality .Surveillance o General Assistance, Environmental Planning and Environmental Training - Water 330200 Technical Assistance E-VIII-3 ------- e Abatement and Control - Industrial Sources of Water Pollution 321300 Effluent Standards and Regulations 321^00 Pollution Source Monitoring o Abatement and Control - Agricultural Sources of Water Pollution 323^00 Pollution Source Monitoring c Abatement and Control - Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills 326400 Spill Monitoring The objectives and activities associated with these program elements are briefly described below. Water Quality Surveillance (310500)• A network of 88 water quality stations is maintained within the six States of Region VIII to monitor trends in water quality characteristics and to serve as a "pollution alert" system. In accordance with an interagency reimbursable agreement ($117,3^5/1972 cost), the U.S. Geological Survey collects all the samples and performs the bulk of the physical, chemical, and bacterio- logical analyses. The current workload imposed on the resources of the Regional laboratory is not significant, amounting on an annual basis to 98 nutrient analyses and 50 trace metals analyses. Radioactivity analyses on quarterly samples collected at 22 stations are currently being processed by the Radiological Activities Section, Office of Water Pro- grams, Cincinnati. However, these analyses will be performed in the Regional laboratory as soon as adequate laboratory space is secured. An expanded role is planned for the Regional laboratory in the area of water quality surveillance. This program will not be at the expense of a reduction in Geological Survey participation, but will occur as the result of the Regional laboratory analyzing samples for parameters that are not routinely measured by the Geological Survey. It is also planned to initiate a program providing for the examination and evaluation of biological conditions at the network stations on a fixed schedule, per- haps annually. Technical Assistance (330200). The basic objectives of this program element are to provide the States with analytical support upon request and to upgrade the analytical capabilities of State laboratories. The latter will be accomplished through the establishment of quality control programs between the Federal-State laboratories, technical consultation and instruction in the application and conduct of analytical methods, and training of State personnel in the Regional laboratory. Compre- hensive analytical capabilities are also required for the conduct of technical field studies performed by the Surveillance and Analysis Division in response to State requests. Because of the embryonic growth stage of the Region, the technical assistance capabilities of the laboratory have not been the subject of a State request; however, E-VIII-^ ------- after the States become aware of this service, we are confident that they will make substantial use of the available technical services to improve and upgrade their water pollution abatement and control programs. Effluent Standards and Regulations (321300). Both the permanent and mobile laboratory resources of the Region will be used to provide the Refuse Act Permit Program with analytical support for the effluent monitoring program. Pollution Source Monitoring (321^00 and 323*100). Analytical sup- port is provided to enforcement field surveys conducted by the Enforce- ment Division or jointly by the Enforcement Division and the Surveillance and Analysis Division. This work involves the analysis of effluent and receiving water samples. It is imperative that the handling of samples be consistent with the procedures required for successful legal action and that the analytical methodology employed stand up in a court of law. Spill Monitoring (326^-00). Technical support is provided to the oil and hazardous materials program. Specific activities include the analysis of waste products and receiving water samples to document concentrations following spills, determination of the biological toxicity of spilled materials as an input to clean-up and other post-spill procedures, and fish-kill investigations that involve estimates of the number of fish killed and autopsies. Laboratory Functions The primary responsibility of the laboratory is to provide support to the Regional enforcement program. Consequently, requests from the enforcement program will receive priority over all other requests for laboratory services. For FYT2, the enforcement program has projected a need for approximately 10,000 analyses; however, because of space limi- tations, it is doubtful that the laboratory will be able to handle such a workload if it materializes. Increases in Regional laboratory resources (money and positions) will be required during FY's 73-77 to meet expanded involvement in the activ- ities associated with the program codes discussed in the preceding paragraphs and the expansion of laboratory responsibilities to completely cover all Regional programs. The areas of increased or additional responsibilities are briefly outlined below by Regional program. Water Quality Program (including Water Hygiene). Analytical support in the form of sample analysis will be performed in accordance with activities generated under seven program categories (each under the major program objective, Abatement and Control). E-VIII-5 ------- e Municipal Sources of Water Pollution (320000) 320400 Pollution Source Monitoring 320700 Financial Assistance and Incentives 320703 Operation and Maintenance e Transportation Sources of Water Pollution (322000) 322^00 Pollution Source Monitoring o Mining Sources of Water Pollution (32^000) 32^400 Pollution Source Monitoring o Federal Installation Sources of Water Pollution (325000) 325000 Coordination and Assistance o Water Resources Development (327000) 327^00 Pollution Source Monitoring o Multiple Sources of Water Pollution (328000) 328^00 Pollution Source Monitoring o Water Supply Systems (329000) 329500 Enforcement The greatest increase in workload associated with these expanded respon- sibilities will be associated with the operation and maintenance activ- ities and the Regional water hygiene program. The function of the water hygiene program is the surveillance and certification of water supplies servicing interstate carriers. This activity currently generates an analytical load of about 600 trace element analyses, 10 carbon-chloro- form extract determinations, 10 radioactivity analyses, and 20 complete water analyses (Vj separate parameters). It is proposed that the responsibility for conducting these analyses be shifted from the- four water hygiene laboratories located outside the Region to the Regional labora- tory. Sample analyses required in support of the O&M program will prob- ably number several hundred per year. However, a significant percentage of these analyses will be performed at the wastewater treatment plants during the course of the field studies. A training laboratory will be located contiguous with the operational laboratories of the Regional facility. Although this specific laboratory module will be under the control and direction of the Manpower and Development Branch, Air and Water Division, the laboratory staff will be responsible for maintaining the training laboratory in a state of readiness (reagent preparation and the like), demonstrating the operation of laboratory instrumentation to trainees, and participating in training programs as guest lecturers. Support to the manpower and development program should not require additional positions. E-VIII-6 ------- Air Quality Program. The air program of the Regional laboratory will operate within the following categories and sub-categories: • Environmental Standards - Air (110000) 110500 Ambient Air Quality Surveillance e General Assistance, Environmental Planning and Environmental Training - Air (130000) 1J0200 Technical Assistance e Abatement and Control - Stationary Sources of Air Pollution (121000) 121300 Emission Standards and Regulations 121500 Enforcement e Abatement and Control - Federal Sources of Air Pollution (126000) 126000 Direct Support to Federal Agencies. As is the case for the Regional water hygiene program, the provision for air analyses at the Regional level is a shift away from the current dependence on the centralized North Carolina'laboratories. Capabilities in the field of air analysis (ambient air and pollution sources) will be developed to meet the analytical support requirements of the Regional air program. These requirements will be related to Sections of the 1970 Clean Air Act: Sections 109 and 110, Ambient Air Quality Standards; Section III, Standards of Performance for New Sources; Section 112, Hazardous Air Pollutants; Section 115, Abatement by Conference Procedure. In terms of minimal needs, the laboratory should be staffed and equipped to conduct analyses for the six air quality parameters for which ambient air standards have been established. These are: Particulates (suspended and settleable) Sulfur dioxide Hydrocarbons Nitrogen oxide Photochemical oxidants Carbon monoxide The training laboratory, discussed in the preceding section, will serve the air training program as well as the water program. In this respect, the role of the laboratory air quality specialists will be analogous to the relationship between the "water" chemists and the water training program. Solid Waste Management Program. The Regional laboratory will pro- vide the analytical support associated with the evaluation of the impact E-VTII-7 ------- of leachates from solid waste disposal sites in water resources. This activity can be considered an extension of services provided to the water quality program. Radiation Program. A radiochemistry group will provide the analytical support for environmental surveillance activities conducted in the Region. The workload comprising all types of environmental media will be produced by activities such as the long-term Radium Monitoring Network (water, effluent, and bottom sediment samples), special monitoring programs associated with Plowshare projects, field studies to document the impact of radioactive waste emissions (liquid and gaseous) from industrial sources, and technical assistance to the States to meet their radiation surveillance requirements. The applicable program categories and sub- categories are: o Environmental Standards - Radiation (610000) 610500 Environmental Surveillance a General Assistance, Environmental Planning and Environmental Training - Radiation (630000) 630200 Technical Assistance o Abatement and Control - Radiation (621000) 621^00 Emissions Monitoring. Pesticides Program. Applicable program categories and subcategories are: a Environmental Standards - Pesticides (510000) 510500 Environmental Surveillance e General Assistance, Environmental Planning and Environmental Training - Pesticides (530000) 530200 Technical Assistance o Abatement and Control - Pesticides (521000) 521500 Enforcement. A pesticide chemistry group will provide support for pesticide surveil- lance activities conducted in the Region. The major workload is gener- ated by the sampling program coordinated by national program Pesticides Enforcement Division (each 1500 samples/annum from overall pickup of about 8000 samples). These samples are partially produced from outside the Region, a situation that will probably continue because of the national distribution patterns of these pesticides products. We cannot anticipate long-term reduction in this sample load. Samples repre- senting environmental surveillance, accidents, and investigations will E-VIII-8 ------- require some increase in capacity. Technical support and assistance of State and local programs will also require resources. New legislation is pending, and we believe that minimum projections in this area indicate a probable mandate for increased and speedier sample analysis, with specific direction to provide technical support to the States. Projected Laboratory Resources The projected resources for the Regional laboratory for FY 72-77 are presented in Table E-VTII-1. Man-years for FY72 are only those serving the Regional water quality program; for FY's 73-77, the projected staffing levels are based on providing service to all Regional programs. For example, the breakdown of FY's 73 and 77 is as follows: FT73 FY77 Water Quality (excluding Water Hygiene) 16 22 Water Hygiene 1 2 Air Quality 2 6 Pesticides 10 l4 29 W Interaction with Other EPA Programs There is interaction with the enforcement program and the media and categorical program offices as a result of providing analytical support to Headquarters activities that are carried out by Regional program components. Regarding the utilization of laboratory resources, the greatest commitment is to the water enforcement program. Regionalization of the Denver Pesticide Laboratory will not change its interaction with the enforcement program. Until such time as all EPA Regions have the capability to check product formulations analytically, the pesticides analysis component of the Region VTII laboratory will continue to process samples collected in States other than those comprising Region VIII. There is no interaction "per se" with the laboratory component of the National Field Investigations Center-Denver (enforcement program) other than probable close communication between the respective laboratory staffs on the subject of analytical methodology. However, because of its location, NFIC-Denver will be utlized as a primary service source in situations where the Region's analytical workload exceeds the capacity of the Regional laboratory. The Regional laboratory will participate in analytical quality con- trol programs administered and coordinated by the National Environmental Research Centers and their satellite laboratories. Further, the Regional E-VIII-9 ------- TABLE E-VIII-1 LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION VIII Fiscal Year 1972 1973 I9Jh 1975 1976 1977 Estimated Cost Laboratory Space Modifications, Furniture and Accessories, and Rent ( $) 95, 000a 860, oood 90, ooo 90, ooo 90, ooo 90, ooo Major Equipment Items ($) 70, ooo 155,000 150, oooe 75, 000f 15,000 50,000s Laboratory Operating Expenses ($) i5,ooob 42, 500 50,000 52,500 57,500 60, 000 Personnel - Salary, Benefits and Travel ( $) 105,000 Uo6, ooo 508, ooo 6oh, ooo 689, ooo 758, ooo Man-Years 10° 29 37 Ul kk h^ H O Leasing and remodeling of 2000 ft of interim laboratory space - $30,000. Two mobile laboratory units to support Refuse Act Permit Program - $65,000. Includes initial chemical reagents expenditure of $5,000 for laboratory startup. Regional laboratory staff also includes three temporary positions; the Denver Pesticides Laboratory has seven permanent positions and two temporary positions. $830,000 for Regional laboratory and $30,000 for mobile air laboratory. Regional laboratory space requirements: 10,000 ft2 Usable laboratory space Office space Shop Warehouse and storage Open . _ Total 18, 000 ft Estimated renovation and furnishings - $7^0, 000 Estimated annual rental - $90,000. Includes$100,000 for GC-mass spectrometer combination. Instrument will be used to support the organic chemistry program, particularly pesticides analysis. _P Includes a $60,000 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer to complement the mass spectrometer. 3,000 f\f- 500 ft2 3,000 ft; 1,500 ft. 18,000 ft2 ------- Moratory will look to the analytical programs of the national centers >r expert guidance on analytical methodology and assistance in the form ' performing specialized analyses that cannot be performed in the igional laboratory. mstraints Headquarters approval must be obtained on this plan for a full-service ;gional laboratory. Until such approval is granted, the laboratory func- .on will be limited to providing analytical.support to the water quality •ogram. To be consistent with the EPA policy of decentralizing routine •ogram activities by placing the responsibilities for carrying out these :tivities in the Regions, the expanded program is necessary. iteraction with Other Laboratories The Regional laboratory will work closely with other laboratories ion-EPA) in the area of quality control. The Regional laboratory will .so provide consultation and training in the application and conduct of lalytical methods and assistance in the analysis of environmental samples. ijor interaction will be with State laboratories and U.S. Geological irvey laboratories. E-VTII-ll ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of proje resources (dollars and man-years) for the components of the Region's £ grams which require laboratories. The laboratory is maintained withir Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may pro~v services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected lat tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and s ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. Thes assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multimedia role, with programs under way in water, air, land, and othe environmental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratory staff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise s skills to effectively implement national environmental programs. Thes summary tables reflect the revised staffing needs, based on these assumptions. E-VIII-12 ------- H H tt PROGRAM CODE AIR 130200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 230200 WATER 310500 320300 321300 328200 328300 3281+00 325100 325^00 32*00 3211+00 3221+00 323UOO 324^00 FY 72 $K M/Y - - - - - - - - - ? 1 ? 0.75 - - - - - - - FY 73 $K M/Y ? 1 - - ? 1 - '._ - - - ? 2 ? 1-3 - . - - - - - - FY 7l+ $K M/Y ? 1.5 - - ? 2. '5 - - - - - ? 2.5 ? 1.8 - - - - - - - FY 75 $K M/Y ? 2.5 - - ' 1 3-5 - - - - - ? 3-0 ? 2.0 - - - - - - - FY 76 $K M/Y ? 2.5 - - •>. ' 3.5 - - - - - ? 3.0 ? 2.25 - - - - - - - FY 77 $K M/Y ? 2.5 - - ? 3-5 - - - - - ? 3.0 ? 2.25 - - - - - - - - Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division $K=units of $1,000 M/Y=man-years ------- TABLE E-VIII-2 (continued) PROGRAM CODE WATER, cont . 320500 321500 J23500 32U500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 326400 326500 3291*00 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 1*30200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 510500 5211*00 RADIATIOH 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 $K M/Y - - - - ? l*.25 ? 0.1 - - 1 0.15 - - - ">. 1 - - - - - - - - - - 122.5 7.25 FY 73 $K M/Y - - - - ? 9 1 0.2 1 0.1 - ? 0.3 - - - ? 3 - - - ? 0.1 ? 0.25 ? 7.75 ? 2 - ? 1 - 1*1*8.5 29 FY 7!* $K M/Y - - - - ? 10 ? 0.2 ? 0.1 - ? 0.3 - - - ? 1+.3 - - - ? 0.3 ? 0.5 ? 8.5 ? 3 - ? 1.5 - 558 37 FY 75 $K M/Y - - - - ? 10.5 ? 0.2 ? 0.1 - ? 0.3 - - - ? l*.6 - - - ? 0.3 ? 0.5 ? 8.5 ? 3 - ? 2 - 656.5 M JTT 76 $K M/Y - - - - ? 11.25 ? 0.2 ? 0.2 - ? 0.3 - - - 1 5.5 - - - ? 0.3 ? 1 ? 9 J 3 - ? 2 - 7U6.5 1*1* FY 77 $K M/Y - - - - ? 11.25 7 0.2 ? 0.2 - ? 0.3 - - - 1 5-5 - - - ? 0.3 ? 1 ? 9 ? 3 - ? 2 - 8.8 111* ------- SECTION IX: REGION IX LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND Region IX laboratory resource requirements are presented in this section. It covers non-research program needs in terms of dollars and man-years for the period FY 1972 through FY 1977- Laboratory require- ments identified herein are for the sole Regional laboratory facility now located at Alameda, Calif. The following assumptions have been made in preparing this plan: o Support for laboratory operations (for example, field survey planning, sample collection, data evaluation, report writing) is not to be included in the laboratory requirements identified herein o Pesticide laboratory requirements in support of pesticide mar- keting inspections are not to be included in .the laboratory requirements identified herein e Needed facility improvements and space requirements are not to be included in the laboratory requirements identified herein e Regional administrative support and overhead are not to be included in the laboratory requirements identified herein c Regional growth during the period FY72-77 will parallel the projections made by EPA headquarters in "Funding and Manpower Requirements by Responsible Planning Office - Tentative Oper- ating Plan" dated October 13, 1971. The Regional share of projected EPA growth will be approximately proportional to the FY72 allocation received by the Region as compared with the national EPA allocation. The last assumption applies to projected laboratory requirements for carrying out existing legislative mandates. In view of the limited information available and lack of clear guidelines, projected laboratory requirements for "proposed legislation" and "emerging needs" have not been prepared. As suitable guidelines become available, appropriate projections will be made by Region IX. It should be recognized that pending legislation in two areas will have a significant effect on the Region's projected laboratory requirements: E-EC-1 ------- e Pending legislation on ocean disposal and protection of marine resources will impact this Region more than most "because of the many miles of ocean coastline along the California coast and the many islands of the Pacific o Pending legislation on pesticides will impact this Region more than others because it uses well over 20 percent of all pesti- cides used in the nation. EXISTING LABORATORY FACILITIES The Surveillance and Analysis Division, Region IX, is located in the Regional Office, San Francisco, Calif. The existing Regional laboratory is across San Francisco Bay from the Regional Office in the City of Alameda. All laboratory support for the Region is conducted by the Technical Support Branch of the Surveillance and Analysis Division. The Technical Support Branch laboratory is located in a portion of a converted warehouse, constructed for a World War II military installation. The functions of the Technical Support Branch are presented in Figure E-IX-1. The purpose of the laboratory is to provide competent chemical, biological, microbiological, and other laboratory support to Regional operating programs for analysis of samples and identification of pollutants for all Regional programs as directed, with first priority given to enforcement and regulatory-related activities. It provides technical experts for testimony in support of enforcement actions. It also provides technical consultation and assistance to State, local, and other agencies in methodology and analytical quality control. The laboratory has grown on a piecemeal basis, keeping pace with requirements. Also, when a project field station would close, staff and equipment capabilities were transferred to the existing facility. A list of organizational sub-units and approximate space assignments in FY?2, excluding outside storage space, is as follows: Chemistry 3800 ft2 Biology 1200 ft2 Microbiology , 700 ft2 Support (dishwash, sample process, autoclave, and the like) 1900 ft^ Storage and Stock ^000 ft2 The laboratory technical staff is specialized in three main areas: chemistry, both organic and inorganic (six professionals); biology (one professional); and microbiology (two professionals). The analytical service is a production-type operation with primary emphasis placed on regulatory-enforcement programs. Laboratory analytical capability and instrumentation are summarized on Table E-IX-1. E-IX-2 ------- td SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION CHEMISTRY SECTION 5. 6. Organic and inorganic chemistry analyses -Field investigation assistance Training assistance Analytical quality control Expert witness Assistance in oil and hazardous materials emergencies TECHNICAL SUPPORT BRANCH MICROBIOLOGY SECTION BIOLOGY SECTION 1. Microbiological analyses 2. Field investigations 3. Planning and conduct of training U. Analytical quality control 5. Expert witness 1. Toxicity bioassays 2. AGP analyses 3. Biota identification and enumeration U. Training 5. Expert witness FIGURE E-IX-1 FUNCTIONS OF TECHNICAL SUPPORT BRANCH, SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION, REGION IX ------- TABLE E-IX-1: LABORATORY CAPABILITIES, REGION IX BIOLOGY Benthic Identification Algal Identification Fresh Water Analytical Algal Growth Studies Fish Bioassay Media Instrumentation Dissecting Microscopes Compound Microscopes Photomicrography Data Interpretation Sea Water Camera Attachments Incubator CHEMISTRY Nutrients Trace Metals Demand Tests Mineral Analysis Phys ical Carbon Analytical Pesticides and Herbicides PCB's Water—Fresh or Saline Media Sediments Soils Instrumentation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometers Ultraviolet Spectrophotometers Infrared Spectrophotometers Gas Chromatographs Gas Chromatograph - Mass Spectrometer Scanning UV Spectrophotometer Oil Comparison and Identification Data Interpretation Tissue Plants Fluorometers Turbidimeters Auto Analyzers Automatic Titrator Carbon Analyzer - Water pH Meters MICROBIOLOGY Total and Fecal Coliform Fecal Streptococcal Group - Membrane Filter Technic - MPN Technic Water—Fresh Saline Waste Analytical IMVIC Test Pathogenic Microorganisms Data Interpretation Differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae Media Instrumentat ion Compound Microscope UV - Fluorescence Microscope Sediments Soils Tissue Incubators Autoclave E-IX-4 ------- Based upon present demands and assigned priority work, the laboratory is capable of processing the following total number of samples per year: Minimum Maximum Q Chemistry Organic 800 900 Inorganic 1,000 1,500 Biology 1^00 500 Microbiology 1,700 2,200 Laboratory resource requirements by Program Code are projected for FY72 through FY77 in Table E-IX-2. Following this table are the indi- vidual worksheets for each code number. Dumber of analyses range from 3 to 25 per sample, E-DC-5 ------- TABLE E-IX-2: LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION IX Program Code 328501 328301 310502 3201+00 3211+00 323*100 32l|l|00 326100 330201 330202 330206 330303 330603 121504 TOTAL FY?2 $1000 38 63 87 10 16 10 7 15 53 21 6 10 111 - 350 M/Y 2.3 3.8 5.3 0.6 0.9 0.6 o.k 0.9 3.2 1-3 0.3 0.6 0.8 - 21 FY73 $1000 57 138 93 10 16 10 7 15 53 21 6 10 Hi 35 1+85 M/Y 3.5 8.2 5.7 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.1+ 0.9 3.2 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 2.0 29 FY7l| $1000 68 138 100 10 17 11 7 15 53 21 6 10 Ik 55 525 M/Y ll.O 8.2 6.0 0.6 1.0 0.7 OA 0.9 3.2 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 3-0 31 FY75 $1000 71+ 162 105 11 18 11 8 17 53 21 6 10 lU 70 580 M/Y 1+.5 9-8 6.k 0.7 l.l 0.7 0.5 1.0 3-3 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 k.O 35 FY76 $1000 79 169 111 11 18 12 8 18 53 21 6 10 111 90 620 M/Y U.8 10.1 6.7 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.5 1.1 3-3 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 5.0 37 FY77 $1000 81 176 116 12 20 12 9 20 53 21 6 10 Hi 90 6to M/Y k.9 10.5 7.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.5 1.2 3.3 1.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 5-0 38 H CTs ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328501: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - ENFORCEMENT Objectives The objectives are to provide timely analytical support for regional enforcement actions and expert witnesses as required for court actions. Description This program receives the highest priority of all laboratory activi- ties. The program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the fields of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, microbiology, and biol- ogy. Generally, all methods used are recognized standard procedures. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Pr ior ity 2.3 1.1 3.5 1.1 U.O 1.1 U.5 l.l U.8 l.l U.9 l.l The major interaction of this program is with the Regional Enforce- ment Division. More minor interactions may occur with Regional Air and Water and Categorical Divisions. Interaction with Other Laboratories Limited interaction with other EPA laboratories will occur as required to verify procedures and to obtain assistance where specialized expertise is lacking. Interaction with State laboratories may occur where joint State/Federal enforcement actions are planned. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars 38,000 57,000 68,000 7^,000 79,000 81,000 EPA Programs E-IX-7 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 328301: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS - REFUSE ACT PERMITS Objective The objective is to provide laboratory support for the analysis of industrial wastes as required by the regional Refuse Act Permit program. Description This program receives high priority in the laboratory since result- ing analyses may lead to enforcement or regulatory actions. Resulting analyses also provide input to the regional-industrial waste inventory. The program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the fields of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and microbiology. Generally, all methods used are recognized standard procedures. Modification of standard procedures is often required because of interferences encoun- tered in certain industrial wastes. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 1972 63,000 3.8 1.1 1973 138,000 8.2 l.l ' 197^ 138,000 8.2 1.1 1975 162,000 9.8 1.1 1976 169,000 10.1 1.1 1977 176,000 10.5 1.1 Relationship to Other EPA Programs The major interaction of this program is with the Regional Enforce- ment Division and Surveillance Branch of the Surveillance and Analysis Division. Interaction with Other Laboratories Limited interaction with other EPA laboratories will occur as required to verify procedures and to obtain assistance where specialized expertise is lacking. Interaction with State laboratories and indus- trial laboratories may occur where comparative analyses are required. E-DC-8 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310502: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE - WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND REPORTING Objective: The objective is to provide timely analytical reports to regional environmental monitoring program. Description This program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the fields of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biology, and micro- biology. Generally, methods used are recognized standard procedures. This program is expected to expand when a nationwide EPA monitoring strategy is developed and the Region becomes more involved in air monitoring. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197U 1975 1976 1977 Dollars 87,000 93,000 100,000 105,000 111,000 116,000 Man-Years 5.3 5-7 6.0 6.k 6.7 7.0 Priority 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program will interact with all Regional programs to some extent. Major interaction at Headquarters level will be with Research and Moni-. toring and Air and Water Programs. Interaction with Other Laboratories Limited interaction will occur with other Federal and State labora- tories engaged in environmental monitoring in similar locations to assure consistency of methods and procedures. E-IX-9 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 32CA-00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - MUNICIPAL Objective The objective is to provide laboratory support for the analysis of municipal wastes as required for treatment plant surveys and investiga- tions. Description This program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the fields of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and microbiology. Generally, methods used are recognized standard procedures. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority i.U 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 10,000 10,000 10,000 11,000 11,000 12,000 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program will interact primarily with the Regional construction grants and municipal inventory programs. Minor interaction may occur with Regional enforcement program. Interaction with Other Laboratories Interaction will occur primarily with municipal sewage treatment plant laboratories and occasionally with State laboratories to assure consistency of method and procedures. E-EC-10 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 321^00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - INDUSTRIAL Objective The objective is to provide laboratory support for the analysis of industrial wastes as required for treatment plant surveys and investiga- tion. Description This program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the fields of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry and microbiology. Generally, methods used are recognized standard procedures. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars 16,000 16,000 17,000 18,000 18,000 20,000 EPA Programs Man -Years 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 Priority 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 This program will interact primarily with the Refuse Act Permit program. Interaction with Other Laboratories Interaction will occur primarily with industrial plant laboratories and occasionally with State laboratories to assure consistency of methods and procedures. E-IX-11 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 323^00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - AGRICULTURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - AGRICULTURAL Objective The objective is to provide laboratory support for the analysis of agricultural wastes as required for special investigations of agricul- tural pollution. Description This program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the fields of organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and microbiology. Generally, methods used are recognized standard procedures. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars 10,000 10,000 11,000 11,000 12,000 12,000 EPA Programs Man -Years 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Priority 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 This program will interact primarily with Regional Categorical Programs, Air and Water Divisions, and Surveillance Branch of Surveil- lance and Analysis Division. Interaction with Other Laboratories Very little interaction with other laboratories is anticipated. E-IX-12 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 32^00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MINING SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - MINING Objective The objective is to provide laboratory support for the analysis of mining wastes as required for surveys and investigations of mine drain- age problems. Description This program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the field of inorganic chemistry (primarily heavy metals) and biology (fish toxicity bioassays). Generally, methods used are recognized standard procedures. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Dollars 7,000 7,000 7,000 8,000 8,000 9,000 Man -Years o.h o.k o.k 0.5 0.5 0.5 Priority 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 Relationship to Other EPA Programs This program will interact primarily with the Regional Surveillance Branch, Surveillance and Analysis Division, and Air and Water Division. Interaction with Other Laboratories Very little interaction is anticipated with other laboratories. E-EC-13 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 326100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - OIL AM) HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SPILLS - RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND DEMONSTRATION Objective The objective is to provide timely laboratory support for analyses of samples collected from oil or hazardous materials spills as required for possible enforcement actions. Description This program receives high priority in the laboratory since result- ing analyses may lead to enforcement and regulatory actions. The program requires specialized techniques and equipment for the comparative analy- ses of oil samples and a variety of capabilities in the fields of organic and inorganic chemistry. Careful control of samples and analyses is required since data may be used in legal actions by EPA or U.S. Coast Guard. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.2 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 The major interaction of this program is with the Regional Enforce- ment Division. Interaction with Other Laboratories Limited interaction with other EPA laboratories will occur as required to verify procedures and to obtain assistance where specialized expertise is lacking. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 1971! 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars 15,000 15,000 15,000 17,000 18,000 20,000 EPA Programs E-IX-lU ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330201: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNOTG AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE - MAJOR TECHNICAL SUPPORT Objective The objective is to provide laboratory support for special investi- gations of unusual pollution sources and their effects on the environment. Description This program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the fields of inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, microbiology, and biology. Resulting data will be used to support investigations and reports related to special environmental problems such as dredging effects, reservoir operations, water reclamation, and pesticide con- tainer disposal. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 3.2 1.6 3.2 1.6 3.2 1.6 3-3 1.6 3.3 1.6 3.3 1.6 The major interaction of this program is with the Regional Categori- cal and Air and Water Divisions. Interaction with Other Laboratories Very little interaction with other laboratories is anticipated. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars 53,000 53,000 53,000 53,000 53,000 53,000 EPA Programs E-rs-15 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330202: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE - BASIC TECHNICAL SUPPORT Objective The objective is to provide laboratory support for brief technical assistance investigations requested by States and other Federal agencies, Description This program comprises a variety of analyses and techniques in the fields of inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, microbiology, and biology. Resulting data will be used in response to requests for tech- nical assistance. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 1.3 . 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.6 The major interaction of this program is with the Regional Air and Water Division. Interaction with Other Laboratories Very little interaction with other laboratories is anticipated. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars 21,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 21,000 EPA Programs E-IX-16 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330206: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE - BASIC TECHNICAL SUPPORT - WATER HYGIENE Objective The objective is to provide laboratory support for investigations of municipal water supply problem and other water hygiene related activities. Description The program comprises primarily chemistry and bacteriological analy- ses. Generally, all methods used are recognized standard procedures. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.8 0.3 1.8 The major interaction of this program is with the Regional Air and Water Division. Interaction with Other Laboratories Limited interaction with State laboratories may occur. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 EPA Programs E-IX-17 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330303: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - TECHNICAL INFORMATION - TECHNICAL STUDIES Objective The objective is to provide technical information related to labora- tory operations, primarily analytical quality control procedures. Description This program provides other laboratories with information about the EPA analytical quality control program and encourages them to participate to insure uniformity and consistency in the quality and accuracy of laboratory analyses. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 Relationship to Other EPA Programs Major interaction is with the Research and Monitoring's Analytical Quality Control Laboratory at Cincinnati. Interaction with Other Laboratories Major interaction will occur with other Federal, State, and local laboratories. E-IX-18 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 330603: GENERAL ASSISTANCE', ENVIRONMENTAL FLAMING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - PROFESSIONAL TRAINING AND MANPOWER PLANNING - DIRECT TRAINING Objective The objective is to provide direct training to other Federal, State, and local officials on laboratory analyses, field techniques, and data interpretation. Description This program utilizes EPA staff with expertise in microbiology, chemistry, biology, sampling methodology, data interpretation, and the like to present training courses as requested by other Federal, State, or local agencies. Training courses may take place at Alameda or other locations as appropriate for the trainees. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars Ik, 000 Ik, 000 Ik, 000 Ik, 000 Ik, 000 Ik, 000 EPA Programs Man-Years 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Priority 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 This program will interact with all Regional programs to some extent and with Headquarters Air and Water and Research and Monitoring programs. Interaction with Other Laboratories Limited interaction with other EPA laboratories as required to obtain technical assistance in course presentations. E-IX-19 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 121500: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - STATIONARY SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION - ENFORCEMENT Objective The objective is to provide timely analytical support to monitoring enforcement, and technical assistance programs engaged in Regional air pollution control. Description Air monitoring analyses will be performed from mobile laboratories and from the Regional laboratory facility as required to meet monitoring and enforcement analytical requirements. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 2 1.2 3 1.2 k 1.2 5 1.2 5 1.2 The major interaction of this program is with the Regional Enforce- ment Division. More minor interactions will occur with the Regional Air and Water Programs Division and the Surveillance Branch of Surveillance and Analysis Division. Interaction with Other Laboratories Limited interaction with other EPA laboratories will occur as required to verify procedures and to obtain assistance where specialized expertise is lacking. Interaction with State laboratories may occur where joint State/Federal actions are planned. Fiscal Year 1972 1973 197^ 1975 1976 1977 Relationship to Other Dollars - 35,000 55,000 70,000 90,000 90,000 EPA Programs E-EC-20 ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of projected resources (dollars and man-years) for the components of the Region's pro- grams which require laboratories. The laboratory is maintained -within the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may provide services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected labora- tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It was obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and ask- ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. These assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multi- media role, with programs under way in water, air, land, and other environ- mental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratory staff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise and skills to effectively implement national environmental programs. These summary tab- les reflect the revised staffing needs, based on these assumptions. E-IX-21 ------- TABLE E-IX-3 LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY, REGION IX PROGRAM CODE AIR 1J0200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 230200 WATER . 310500 320300 321300 328200 328300 3281*00 325100 3251*00 J20400 3211*00 3221*00 323^00 321*1+00 IT 72 $K M/Y - - - - - 87 5.3 - - - 63 3.8 - - - 10 0.6 16 0.9 - 10 0.6 7 o.i* FY 73 5K M/Y - - - 35 2 - 93 • 5-7 - - - 138 8.2 - - - 10 0.6 16 0.9 - 10 0.6 7 o.i* FY 71* $K M/Y - - . . 55 3 - 100 6 - - - 138 8.2 - - - 10 0.6 17 1.0 - 11 0.7 7 O.i* FY 75 $K M/Y - - - 70 1* - 105 6.1* - - - 162 9.8 - - - 11 0.7 18 1.1 - 11 0.7 8 0.5 FY 76 $K M/Y - - - 90 5 - Ill 6.7 - - - 169 10.1 - - - 11 0.7 18 l.l - 12 0.7 8 0.5 FY 77 $K M/Y - - - 90 5 - 116 7 - - - 176 10.5 - - - 12 0.7 20 1.2 - 12 0.7 9 0.5 ro ro Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division ------- TABLE E-IX-3 (continued) PROGRAM CODE WATER, cont. 520500 321500 323500 321*500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 3261*00 326500 3291*00 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 1*30200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 5211*00 RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 $K M/Y - - - - 38 2.3 - - - - 15 0.9 - - 80 1*.8 10 0.6 - li* 0.8 - - - - - - 350 21 FY 73 $K M/Y - - - - 57 3-5 - - - - 15 0.9 - - 80 U.8 10 0.6 - li* 0.8 - - - - - - 1*85 29 FY Ik $K M/Y - - - - 68 1*.0 - - - - 15 0.9 - - 80 i*.8 10 0.6 - ii* 0.8 - - - - - - 525 31 FY 75 $K M/Y - - - - 71* 1*.5 - - - - 17 1 - - 80 i*.g 10 0.6 - iii 0.8 - - - - - - 580 35 FY 76 $K M/Y - - - - 79 1*.8 - - - - 18 l.l - - 80 i*.9 10 0.6 - lit 0.8 - - - - - - 620 37 FY 77 $K M/Y - - - - 81 1*.9 - - - - 20 1.2 - - 80 i*.9 10 0.6 - lit 0.8 - - - - - - 61*0 38 ------- SECTION X: REGION X LABORATORY PLAN BACKGROUND Region X encompasses a large area extending from Alaska on the north and including Washington, Oregon, and Idaho on the south. The general mission statement applies here; however, the emphasis in Region X is on water-oriented programs, including marine life, because of the long coastline covered. These and other programs are currently sup- ported by various facilities within the Region and elsewhere. For water pollution control programs, service is provided by the Regional Laboratory (which will be completely transferred from Portland, Oreg., to Redmond, Wash., by January 1972), Consolidated Laboratory Services in the National Environmental Research Center at Corvallis, Oreg., and the Alaska Water Laboratory. Water hygiene support is provided by one of four Division Laboratories in Cincinnati, Ohio, Narragansett, R.I., Dauphin Island, Ala., or Gig Harbor, Wash., and the radiological laboratories in Montgomery, Ala., and Las Vegas, Nev. Air pollution control programs obtain any laboratory backup through their Headquarters facilities as do solid waste management pro- grams. Laboratory service for pesticides programs, exclusive of water analyses, is provided for product chemistry by the San Francisco Labora- tory and for use analyses by the Corvallis Laboratory (or other "use" laboratories). For radiological programs, support is obtained through facilities in Las Vegas, Nev., and Montgomery, Ala-. In the future, it is planned to provide for Region X analytical needs through a fixed laboratory facility in the Seattle vicinity for those services that can logistically and economically be provided there. The remaining services will be provided by the Alaska Water Laboratory, Regional mobile laboratories, or other governmental or private facilities, Although historic analytical data are not available for all EPA opera- tional programs in Region X, reasonably complete records have been main- tained by Consolidated Laboratory Services for water pollution control activities in the Northwestern Region of EPA since 1968. These data are shown in Table E-X-1. In addition, approximately ^00 oil and 150 pesticides samples were analyzed in the Portland facility of EPA in 1970. Each oil sample was analyzed for from five to seven different parameters. Pesticides samples were analyzed for an average of 12 different pesticides. E-X-1 ------- TABLE E-X-1: CONSOLIDATED LABORATORY SERVICES, MAW-HOURS, REGION X Month July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June Total FY71 399 698 685 558 UU5 152 195 362 177 169 M*7 305 ^592 FY70 6^3 U09 392 hQh 161* ll*5 136 205 1*60 605 1050 53U 5227 FY69 298 58U 1*12 513 362 350 327 U03 388 321 398 203 ^559 FY68 190 221 17^5 2^00 865 U02 777 523 6Qh 7U6 ^57 M$5 9^75 E-X-2 ------- Although comparable Portland Laboratory data for the years 1968 and 1969 are not at hand, it is estimated they are 50 percent and 75 percent of the 1970 totals, respectively. Cost of performing individual analyses was computed on the basis of experience in the Consolidated Laboratory and is presented in Table E-X-2. These cost data do not include equipment amortization nor over- head charges, but represent essentially bench-time personnel costs. Based on these data, projected costs are assumed to be $l6,000/man-year for FY?2 up to $20,000/man-year in FY77. As mentioned above, laboratory services were not provided in Regional facilities for program activities other than water pollution control; therefore, it is not possible to display historic trends for these services. For planning purposes, however, a moderate level of future laboratory service is assumed for these programs at the Regional level. LABORATORY SYSTEM CONCEPT The Region X Laboratory will be organizationally located in the Technical Support Branch of the Surveillance and Analysis Division. This Division maintains environmental monitoring systems and conducts special studies in support of activities of the Air and Water, Categori- cal, and Enforcement Divisions. The Regional Laboratory will provide the analytical backup for the Division's projects either through in-house capability or contractual arrangements. Additionally, the Regional Laboratory will provide guidelines, training, and analytical quality con- trol for other laboratories performing services impinging upon Regional activities; for example, municipal or industrial laboratories performing effluent analysis in conformance with the industrial waste discharge permit program. One of the major Regional activities affecting laboratory operations is the enforcement program. The field studies required to support a strong enforcement program in turn require strong chemical and biological laboratory capability. In many instances, very rapid turnaround times are required. The Regional Laboratory will have the necessary expert staff and instrumentation to respond to these enforcement situations and to back up their work with expert testimony in court. Another aspect of the laboratory program involves support of regional programs in Alaska. Routine analytical support will be provided by the Alaska Water Laboratory with support from the Regional Laboratory as required for enforcement-type field investigations: the primary support laboratory may be either the Alaska Water Laboratory or the Regional Lab- oratory depending on analytical, logistics, and time requirements. E-X-3 ------- TABLE E-X-2: CONSOLIDATED LABORATORY SERVICES, COSTS, REGION X Parameter Heavy Metals Arsenic • Cadmium Chromium Copper Iron Lead Zinc Mercury Subtotal Nutrients Kjeldahl Nitrogen Ammonia Nitrite Nitrate Total Phosphorous Total Carbon Total Organic Carbon Subtotal Miscellaneous Turbidity Hardness PBI Grease and Oil pH Alkalinity Conductivity Subtotal No. of Analyses 26k 21+3 U8 368 35^ 368 36U 1+08 1+28 1+60 l+6l 1+72 1+17 228 72 307 1+28 1+32 12 !+97 21+2 255 Time/Analysis (Minutes) 30.0 32.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 32.0 32.0 20.0 26.0 25.0 ll+.O ll+.O 16.0 15.0 10.0 2.5 2.2 16.0 30.0 2.5 3-2 3.2 SIX MONTHS' TOTAL ( 10/70-3/71) Total Man-Hours 132.0 129.6 16.0 122.6 118.0 196.3 19!+. 1 136.0 l,Ol+l+.6 185-5 19L7 107.6 110.1 111.2 57.0 12.0 775.1 12.8 15-7 115-2 6.0 20.7 12.9 13.6 196.9 2,016.6 Total Cost at $16 . 12/Man-Hour $ 2,127.81+ 2,089.15 257-92 1,976.31 1,902.16 3,l61+.36 3,128.89 2,192.32 $16,838.95 $ 2,990.26 3,000.20 1,73^-51 1,77^.61 1,792.51+ 918.81+ 193. M+ $12, 1+9!+. 6l $ 206.3!+ 253-08 1,857.02 96.72 333.68 207.9!+ 219.23 $ 3,17^.03 $32,507-59 ------- Interaction with Other Laboratories Close coordination will be maintained with the National Environ- mental Research Center in Corvallis on such analytical problems as algae assay procedures. The Regional Laboratory will also work on a contin- uing basis with the analytical quality control program laboratories in Cincinnati and North Carolina. At the State level, the Regional Labora- tory will operate very closely with the laboratories of the State pol- lution control agencies to avoid duplication of analyses and to develop consistent methodology. Program Codes This system is designed to provide laboratory support in the form of analytical competence, technical guidance, and expert testimony for operational programs under the purview of the Region X Office. The worksheets on the following pages display the extent of support by individual program codes. Table E-X-3 summarizes the laboratory resources required for this program. Note that a substantial increase is projected for FY?3 with moderate subsequent growth. E-X-5 ------- TABLE E-X-3: LABORATORY RESOURCES, REGION X Program( s ) Air Water Solid Waste Pesticides Total FY72 $1000 0 182 0 0 182 Man- Years 0 10.8 0 0 10.8 FY73 $1000 180 283 17 68 5U8 Man- Years 10 16.6 1 h 31.6 FY7U $1000 200 337 27 90 65U Man- Years 11.5 18.7 1.5 5 36.7 FY75 $1000 215 373 38 llU 7UO Man- Years 12 19.6 2 6 39-6 FY76 $1000 225 1+10 50 lUO 825 Man- Years 12.5 20.6 2.5 7 U2.6 FY77 $1000 235 UlO 60 160 865 Man- Years 13 20.6 3 8 UU.6 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 130200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - AIR - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objectives The objectives are to develop the capability for supporting opera- tional programs in the Regional Office and to provide assistance to State and local pollution control agencies in monitoring emission sources and ambient air quality. Description The bulk of this program consists of mobile laboratory facilities - 1 unit each for Oregon and Washington and 2 units each for Alaska and Idaho. Each unit will be equipped with the following stationary source monitors: o Automatic S02 analyzer e EPA test train-water vapor and particulates e N02 - mechanical methods. Three of the units will have continuous monitoring instruments (S02, CO, and Ox) and the remainder will use all mechanical methods. Each unit will be self-sufficient and will be manned by a professional employee and two technicians. The Regional Laboratory will have facilities comparable to that in the mobile units to provide analytical backup and calibration capability for the mobile units. Any analyses requiring a high degree of accuracy (such as optical or electron microscope, particle counter) will be con- ducted at a national facility. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 0 10 (1) 1 11-5 (1.5) 1 12 (2) 1 12.5 (2.5) 1 13 (3) 1 Clumbers in () are for fixed location lab support. E-X-7 Fiscal Year 72 73 7k 75 76 77 Dollars 0 170, oooa 195,000 205,000 215,000 225,000 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 310500: ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS - WATER - WATER QUALITY SURVEILLANCE Objectives The objectives are to develop a data base sufficient to establish concentrations and trends of a wide range of specific pollutants in surface and subsurface waters of the Region; further, to detect viola- tions of water quality criteria and to provide data with which to judge the effectiveness of Regional water pollution abatement programs. Description Program objectives are achieved through the establishment and main- tenance of a water quality monitoring network. A large number of samples of fresh and marine water are analyzed for physical, chemical, biological, microbiological, and radiological content. Analyses may take place in a centralized Regional laboratory for conservative pollutants or in the field for nonconservative pollutants. A Regional centralized labora- tory is needed to satisfy the limited sample-holding time allowed for valid results. Instrumental and remote sensing techniques are used in concert with the more traditional methods of water quality analyses. Calibration of electronic water quality sensors is accomplished in the field where possible or in a centralized laboratory. Projected Resources and Priorities Man-Years Priority 2 1 k 1 k 1 h i 5 i 5 i Fiscal Year 72 73 Ik 75 76 77 Dollars 32,000 68,000 72,000 76 ; ooo 100,000 100,000 E-X-8 ------- PROGRAM CODES: 320UOO: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - MUNICIPAL; 3211+00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - INDUSTRIAL; 322^00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - TRANSPORTATION SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - TRANSPORTATION; 323*100: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - AGRICULTURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - AGRICULTURAL; 321+1*00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MINING SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - MINING; 3251+00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - FEDERAL INSTALLATION SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - FEDERAL; 3271+00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING - WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT; 3281+00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MULTIPLE SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - POLLUTION SOURCE MONITORING Objective The objective is to determine the liquid waste characteristics of municipal, industrial, agricultural, mining, transportation, and water resource development activities. Initial emphasis is placed on deter- mining existing conditions of industrial and municipal discharges, with future emphasis being placed upon assuring compliance with waste dis- charge permits over a broader scope of pollution sources. Concurrently, considerable effort will also be expended to develop strong quality control programs at private, institutional, and industrial laboratories. This effort is necessary to insure adequacy of data from self-monitoring programs. Description This activity involves two main areas of effort. The first is field sampling, which may be done over a short period of time by one individual or may cover several days and involve large numbers of personnel. Sampling activities will focus on determinations of effluent quality and receiving water quality in the immediate vicinity of the outfall. The second major area involves analytical support. Many of the routine, simpler analyses will be run in the field. In some instances this effort may involve use of small mobile laboratories. The majority of the analytical work, however, will be handled at the Regional Labora- tory. It will generally be of routine nature with large numbers of similar analyses such as metals and nutrients. Bioassay analyses of effluents will also be conducted to determine compliance with limita- tions on toxic constituents. Another aspect of the laboratory support will involve the analytic work associated with a Regional quality control program, including analyses of split samples with industry. E-X-9 ------- Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 72 31,000 1.8 1 73 73,000 U.3 1 7^ 110,000 6.h 1 75 135,000 7.3 1 76 lUo,000 7.3 1 77 11+0,000 7.3 1 E-X-10 ------- PROGRAM CODES: 326^00: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SPILLS - SPILL MONITORING; AND 320500, 321500, 323500, 32^500: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL, INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL AND MINING SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - FIELD INVESTIGATION STUDIES Objectives The objectives are to conduct biological and chemical investigations yielding scientific evidence of violations of water quality protection laws and standards; further, to provide expert interpretation of scientific data resulting from these investigations. Description Samples of liquid wastes and the waters receiving these wastes are analyzed for the presence of hazardous substances and other character- istics that render the receiving water unfit for its intended uses. Sophisticated analytical techniques are often required to define the source or sources of pollutants observed in the receiving water. It is often necessary to demonstrate the deleterious effects of wastes. Effluent and receiving water bioassays under carefully controlled labora- tory conditions are frequently used to demonstrate the toxic character- istics of a waste. Analytical work for enforcement purposes requires special sample handling techniques to assure the admissibility of the data. Sample identification and secure storage documentation are required in addition to unimpeachable analytical quality control. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 72 109,000 6.1* 1 73 121,000 7.1 1 7k 130,000 7.1 1 75 135,000 7.1 1 76 11*0,000 7.1 1 77 1^0,000 7.1 1 E-X-11 ------- PROGRAM CODES: JJOJOO: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - WATER - TECHNICAL INFORMATION; 320300: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MUNICIPAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS; 321300: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - INDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS; 322300: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - TRANSPORTATION SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION -EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS; 323300: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - AGRICULTURAL SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS; 32^300: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - MINING SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTION - EFFLUENT STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS Objective The objective is to conduct technical studies needed to support operating programs/State agencies, and others as appropriate. Description Work performed under these categories usually takes the form of a technical study to define a specific problem and preparation of a report or guidelines. Examples of such studies are those conducted by Region X on dredging activities, an industrial waste guide on mining, fish hatch- ery waste problems, and bacteriological studies of industrial effluents. These studies may be short or may cover a period of a year or two. Labo- ratory support for this type of study must be tailored to the specific need and may vary quite widely. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 72 10,000 0.6 1 73 21,000 1.2 1 7k 25,000 1.2 1 75 27,000 1.2 1 76 30,000 1.2 1 77 30,000 1.2 1 E-X-12 ------- PROGRAM CODE: 430200 - GENERAL ASSISTANCE ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - SOLID WASTES - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objective The objective is to bring about the improvement of existing solid wastes management systems through provision of technical assistance to public and private agencies and organizations, industrial groups, and individuals. Description Technical assistance will be provided through sampling and analysis of leachate from landfills. Additional studies may involve analyses of gaseous emissions from these areas and the extent of solid waste sta- bilization. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 72 0 0 73 17,000 1 1 7U 27,000 1.5 1 75 38,000 2 1 76 50,000 2.5 1 77 60,000 3 1 E-X-13 ------- PROGRAM CODES: 521500: ABATEMENT AND CONTROL - PESTICIDES - ENFORCEMENT; AND 530200: GENERAL ASSISTANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING - PESTICIDES - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Objectives The objectives are to provide technical support for Regional/Federal enforcement activities and also to provide technical assistance to State and local regulatory agencies. Description Official samples of pesticides products will be chemically analyzed for FIFRA compliance. When indicated, the samples will be forwarded to national pesticides use laboratories for efficiency studies. The labora- tory will have the competence to develop an environmental pesticides monitoring program when needed. Analytical laboratory support will be provided upon request to State and local laboratories, in addition to technical guidance and consultation as needed. Projected Resources and Priorities Fiscal Year Dollars Man-Years Priority 72 00 73 68,000 h 1 7^ 90,000 5 1 75 11^,000 6 1 76 1^0,000 7 1 77 160,000 8 1 ------- LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY The following table summarizes, in detail, a revised set of projected resources (dollars and man-years) for the components of the Region's pro- grams which require laboratories. The laboratory is maintained within the Surveillance and Analysis Division of the Region, although it may provide services to other parts of the organization. This summary table may represent a different set of projected labora- tory resources estimates than are given elsewhere in this section. It was obtained by providing several assumptions to the Regional Office and ask- ing that the estimates be revised in light of these assumptions. These assumptions emphasized that the Regional laboratories should have a multi- media role, with programs under way in water, air, land, and other environ- mental pathways. It was also assumed that the laboratory staff need be sufficiently large to provide a "critical mass" of expertise and skills to effectively implement national environmental programs. These summary tab- les reflect the revised staffing needs, based on thses assumptions. E-X-15 ------- TABLE E-X-4 LABORATORY COMPONENT SUMMARY, REGION X M PROGRAM CODE AIR 130200 126DOO 126900 121500 NOISE 230200 WATER 310500 320300 ' 321300 328200 328300 3281*00 325100 3251*00 3201*00 ' 32ll*00 3221*00 3231*00 321*1*00 FY 72 $K M/Y - - - - 23 1 23 l - - - 96 1* FY 73 $K M/Y 96 1* 1*8 2 - - 2k 1 2k 1 - - - li*i* 6 FY Ik $ K M/Y 150 6 50 2 - - 50 2 50 2 - - - 200 8 FY 75 $K M/Y 182 7 52 2 - - 52 2 52 2 - - - 208 8 FY 76 $K M/Y 189 7 5l* 2 - - 5k 2 81 3 - - - 2^3 9 FY 77 $K M/Y 221* 8 56 2 - - 56 2 8lt 3 - - - 280 10 Principally in the Surveillance and Analysis Division $K=units of $1,000 M/Y=man-years ------- TABLE E-X-1* (continued) PROGRAM CODE WATER, cent. 320500 ' 321500 323500 321+500 328500 320700 325DOO 325900 326300 326^00 326500 329l)-00 330200 330300 330500 330600 SOLID WASTE 1*30200 PESTICIDES 530200 521500 5211+00 RADIATION 630200 610500 TOTAL FY 72 $K M/Y 120 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 262 11 FY 73 $K M/Y 11*8 7 - 21* 1 72 3 - 2l* 1 1*8 2 - - - - 1*8 2 - - - 720 30 FY 7l* $K M/Y 250 10 - 25 1 125 5 - 50 2 125 5 - - - 50 2 - - - 1125 1*5 FY 75 $K M/Y 286 11 - 26 1 130 5 - 52 2 130 5 - - - - 52 2 - - - 1222 1*7 FY 76 $K M/Y 297 11 - 27 1 135 5 - 5!* 2 135 5 - - - - 5l* 2 - - - 1323 1*9 FY 77 $K M/Y 308 11 - 28 1 11*0 5 - 56 2 140 5 - - - - 56 2 - - - li*28 51 ------- |