•EPA/600/6-87/008
February 1988
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR AND DOCUMENTATION OF
BIOLOGICAL VALUES FOR USE IN RISK ASSESSMENT
EPA Project Officer
K. Blackburn
ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA AND ASSESSMENT OFFICE
OFFICE OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
CINCINNATI, OH 45268
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DISCLAIMER
This document has been reviewed 1n accordance with U.S. Environmental
Protection peer and administrative review policies and approved for
publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
11
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PREFACE
In the course of developing quantitative risk assessments 1t 1s
frequently useful to equate exposure doses across studies and species 1n
terms of my of substance/kg body weight/day. In order to accomplish this for
dietary or drinking water exposures, food or fluid Intake as well as body
weight must be known. Similarly, for inhalation exposures a first step
toward estimating dose requires Information concerning ventllatory volume.
Unfortunately, especially 1n the older literature, food and fluid
consumption are frequently not reported. Body weights may be given only as
a single terminal value at studies end. Whole body Inhalation exposures
generally provide no Information concerning ventilatory volumes. As a
result, these values are frequently estimated for a particular species 1n
order to facilitate dose .estimates.
A need for default values for these parameters was recognized as early
as 1980 when body weights and allometrlc relationships for food consumption,
as well as ventllatory volumes were proposed for the rat and mouse (U.S.
EPA, 1980). These values, while reasonable estimates, were based upon a
very limited data set. Subsequently a variety of default values have been
suggested, but a systematic search for and development of a comprehensive
data base for this Information had not been undertaken.
The goal of the present document was 1) to undertake a thorough and
systematic search for biological values (both published and unpublished)
Including body weights, food consumption, water consumption and ventllatory
volume for the species commonly used as toxicologlcal models; 2) to utilize
this data base to develop recommendations for default values for these
parameters best supported by this data base; and 3) to develop the
Information In as much detail as possible so that strain- and age-specific
values could be reflected where possible.
The first draft of tills project was prepared under contract No.
68-03-3228 with Syracuse Research Corporation.
111
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1. OVERVIEW 1-1
1.1. INTRODUCTION 1-1
1.2. LIFESPAN AND DEVELOPMENT 1-4
1.3. BODY WEIGHT AND GROWTH 1-6
1.4. INHALATION RATES, FOOD AND WATER CONSUMPTION 1-10
2. LIFESPAN, DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION 2-1
3. GROWTH 3-1
3.1. PRIMATES 3-1
3.1.1. Humans 3-7
3.1.2. Rhesus Monkeys 3-14
3.1.3. Other Primates 3-21
3.2. LABORATORY RODENTS 3-21
3.2.1. Mice 3-21
3.2.2. Rats 3-60
3.2.3. Guinea Pigs 3-94
3.2.4. Hamsters 3-101
3.2.5. GerbUs 3-117
3.3. OTHER LABORATORY MAMMALS 3-125
3.3.1. Cats 3-125
3.3.2. Dogs 3-131
3.3.3. Rabbits 3-143
3.4. LIVESTOCK 3-152
3.4.1. Cattle 3-152
3.4.2. Chickens 3-152
3.4.3. P1gs 3-164
3.5. WILDLIFE 3-164
4. INHALATION RATES 4-1
5. WATER CONSUMPTION 5-1
6. FOOD CONSUMPTION 6-1
7. INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FOOD AND WATER CONSUMPTION 7-1
8. REFERENCES 8-1
1v
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LIST OF TABLES
No. Title Page
1-1 Recommmended Values for Weaning, Puberty and Llfespan .... 1-5
1-2 Reference Body Weights 1-7
1-3 Allometrlc Relationships for Estimating Inhalation Rates
(I In mVday), Water Consumption (C 1n 8,/day) and Food
Consumption (F In kg/day) from Data on Body Weight (kg) . . . 1-11
1-4 Reference Inhalation Rates In mVday 1-14
1-5 Reference Water Consumption (a/day) for Use with
Reference Body Weights 1-17
1-6 Recommended Values for Food Consumption (kg/day) 1-20
2-1 Data on Llfespan, Development and Reproduction for
Various Groups of Animals 2-2
2-2 Recommended Values for Weaning, Puberty and Llfespan 2-9
2-3 Proportion of Time from Weaning to Puberty Covered by
90-Day Study 2-14
3-1 Growth and Body Weight Data on Primates 3-2
3-2 Growth and Body Weight Data on Mice . 3-25
3-3 Reference Values for Body Weights of Various Strains
of Mice 3-52
3-4 Growth and Body Weight Data on Rats 3-62
3-5 Reference Values for Body Weights of Various Strains
of Rats 3-91
3-6 Growth and Body Weight Data on Guinea Pigs 3-95
3-7 Growth and Body Weight Data on Hamsters 3-104
3-8 Growth and Body Weight Data on Gerblls 3-118
3-9 Growth and Body Weight Data on Cats 3-126
3-10 Growth and Body Weight Data on Dogs 3-132
3-11 Growth and Body Weight Data on Rabbits 3-144
3-12 Growth and Body Weight Data on Livestock 3-153
3-13 Growth and Body Weight Data on Wildlife 3-170
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LIST OF TABLES
No. Title Page
4-1 Inhalation Data on Various Animal Groups 4-2
4-2 Allometrlc Relationships for Inhalation Rate In mVday (I)
to Body Weight 1n kg (W) 4-16
5-1 Water Consumption Data on Various Animal Groups 5-3
5-2 Species and Group Specific Allometrlc Relationships for
Water Consumption in a/day to Body Weight 1n kg (W) 5-14
6-1 Food Consumption Data on Various Animal Groups 6-2
6-2 Species and Group Specific Allometrlc Relationships for
Food Consumption In kg/day (F) to Body Weight 1n kg (W) . . . 6-14
7-1 Food and Water Consumption of Various Animal Groups 7-2
7-2 Species and Group Specific Allometrlc Interrelationships
for Food Consumption 1n kg/day (F), Water 1n 8. (C) and
Body Weight (W) 1n kg 7-10
v1
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LIST OF FIGURES
No. Title Page
2-1 Plot of Relative Maximum Weight vs. Proportion of
Recommended Llfespan for Male and Female Humans, Mice,
Rats and GerbUs 2-11
2-2 Plot of Relative Maximum Weight vs. Proportion of
Recommended Llfespan for Male and Female Humans, Mice,
Rats and Gerblls Over the First 30% of Recommended
Value for Llfespan 2-12
3-1 Body Weight Data on Male and Female Humans 3-8
3-2 Mean Body Weights of Human Males of Various Ages Over
the Periods 1960-1962, 1971-1974 and 1976-1980 3-9
3-3 Mean Body Weights of Human Females of Various Ages Over
the Periods 1960-1962, 1971-1974, 1976-1980 3-10
3-4 Recommended Growth Curves for Human Females 3-11
3-5 Recommended Growth Curves for Human Males .... 3-12
3-6 Body Weight Data on Male and Female Humans from Birth
to 20 Years of Age 3-13
3-7 The Relationship of Height, Weight and Age of Human
Males Over the Period 1976-1980 3-15
3-8 The Relationship of Height, Weight and Age of Human
Females Over the Period 1976-1980 3-16
3-9 Body Weight Data on Male Rhesus Monkeys 3-17
3-10 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Rhesus Monkeys
Extended by Assuming a Mature Body Weight of 12 kg 3-18
3-11 Body Weight Data on Female Rhesus Monkeys 3-19
3-12 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Rhesus Monkeys,
Extended by Assuming a Mature Body Weight of 9 kg . . . . . . 3-20
3-13 Body Weight Data on Male and Female Chimpanzees 3-22
3-14 Body Weight Data on Male Marmosets 3-23
3-15 Body Weight Data on Female Marmosets 3-24
3-16 Body Weight Data on Male and Female Mice 3-50
3-17 Recommended Growth Curve for Male B6C3F1 Mice 3-56
3-18 Recommended Growth Curve for Female B6C3F1 Mice 3-57
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LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
No. ; TUIe . Page
i
3-19 Relationship of "Subchronlc" to "Chronic" Time-Weighted
Average Body Weights for Mice and Rats 3-59
3-20 Relationship of Body Weight at Weaning to Recommended
Subchronlc Body Weight for Various Strains of Mice
and Rats 3-61
3-21 Body Weight Data on Male and Female Rats 3-81
3-22 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Sprague-Dawley Rats .... 3-83
3-23 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Sprague-Dawley Rats . . . 3-84
3-24 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Fischer Rats 3-85
3-25 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Fischer Rats 3-86
3-26 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Long-Evans Rats 3-88
3-27 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Wlstar Rats 3-89
3-28 Body Weight Data on Guinea P1gs 3-98
3-29 Growth Data on Male Guinea Pigs 3-99
3-30 Growth Data on Female Guinea P1gs 3-100
3-31 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Guinea P1gs 3-102
3-32 Recommended Gorwth Curve for Female Guinea P1gs 3-103
3-33 Body Weight Data on Hamsters 3-109
3-34 Growth Data on Male Hamsters 3-111
3-35 Growth Data on Female Hamsters 3-112
3-36 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Hamsters 3-113
3-37 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Hamsters 3-114
3-38 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Chinese Hamsters 3-115
3-39 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Chinese Hamsters 3-116
3-40 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Mongolian GerbUs 3-123
3-41 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Mongolian Gerblls .... 3-124
3-42 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Cats 3-129
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LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
No. Title Page
3-43 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Cats 3-130
3-44 Growth Data on Dogs 3-139
3-45 Growth Data on Beagle Dogs 3-140
3-46 Recommended Growth Curve for Male Beagle Dogs 3-141
3-47 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Beagle Dogs 3-142
3-48 Growth Data on Rabbits 3-148
3-49 Recommended Growth Curve for Hale New Zealand White
Rabbits 3-150
3-50 Recommended Growth Curve for Female New Zealand White
Rabbits 3-151
3-51 Growth Data on Cattle 3-160
3-52 Growth Curve on Female Hereford Cattle 3-161
3-53 Growth Curve on Cattle, Excluding Female Hereford Cattle. . . 3-162
3-54 Growth Data on Chickens 3-163
3-55 Growth Data on Male White Leghorn Chickens 3-165
3-56 Growth Data on Female White Leghorn Chickens 3-166
3-57 Growth Data on Domestic and Miniature P1gs 3-167
3-58 Growth Data on Larger Domestic P1gs 3-168
3-59 Growth Data on Smaller Domestic Pigs 3-169
3-60 Recommended Growth Curve for Male M1nk 3-174
3-61 Recommended Growth Curve for Female Mink 3-175
4-1 Linear Plot of the Relationship of Minute volume (8,)
to Body Weight (kg) 4-10
4-2 Log-Log Plot of the Relationship of Minute Volume (I)
to Body Weight (kg) 4-11
4-3 Allometrlc Relationship of Minute Volume (8.) to Body
Weight (kg) for All Species 4-14
1x
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LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
No. Title Page
4-4 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (8.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Humans 4-17
4-5 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (8.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Monkeys 4-18
4-6 Allometrlc Relationship of Minute Volume (8,) to Body
Weight (kg) for Individual Rhesus Monkeys 4-19
4-7 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (8.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Humans and Monkeys Combined 4-20
4-8 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (a.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Guinea P1gs 4-21
4-9 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (a.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Hamsters 4-22
4-10 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (a.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Mice 4-23
4-11 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (a,) to Body
Weight (kg) for Rats 4-24
4-12 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (8.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Cats 4-25
4-13 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (a.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Dogs 4-26
4-14 Allometric Relationship of Minute Volume (a.) to Body
Weight (kg) for Rabbits 4-27
5-1 Plot of Water Consumption (8,/day) vs. Body Weight (kg)
for All Species 5-15
5-2 Allometric Relationship of Drinking Water (8,/day) to Body
Weight (kg) for All Species, Except Marmots 5-16
5-3 Allometric Relationship of Drinking Water (a/day) to Body
Weight (kg) for Primates 5-17
5-4 AllometMc Relationship of Drinking Water (8,/day) to Body
Weight (kg) for Laboratory Mammals (Gerblls, Guinea Pigs,
Hamsters, Mice, Rats, Cats, Dogs and Rabbits) 5-18
5-5 Allometric Relationship of Drinking Water (a/day) to Body
Weight (kg) for Dogs 5-19
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LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
No. Title Page
5-6 Allometrlc Relationship of Drinking Water (a/day) to Body
Weight (kg) for Chickens 5-20
6-1 Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs. Body Weight (kg)
for All Species 6-11
6-2 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for All Species, Except Marmots 6-13
6-3 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Primates 6-15
6-4 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Laboratory Mammals (GerbUs, Guinea
Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats, Cats, Dogs and Rabbits) 6-16
6-5 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Laboratory Rodents (Gerblls, Guinea
P1gs, Hamsters, Mice and Rats) 6-17
6-6 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Gerblls 6-18
6-7 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Guinea P1gs 6-19
6-8 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Hamsters 6-20
6-9 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Mice 6-21
6-10 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Rats, Including Pregnant and
Lactatlng Animals 6-22
6-11 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Rats, Excluding Pregnant and
Lactatlng Animals . 6-23
6-12 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Cats 6-24
6-13 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Rabbits 6-25
6-14 Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Weight (kg) for Chickens 6-26
x1
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LIST OF FIGURES (cont.)
No. Title Page
7-1 Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs. Water Consumption (8.)
for All Species 7-8
7-2 Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Water Consumption (8,/day) for Animals on Dry Diets 7-11
7-3 Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Water Consumption (a/day) for Animals on Hoist Diets 7-12
7-4 Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Water Consumption (8,/day) for Laboratory Mammals (GerbUs,
Guinea P1gs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats, Cats, Dogs and Rabbits)
on Dry Diets 7-13
7-5 AllometMc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Water Consumption (9./day) for Laboratory Rodents (Gerblls,
Guinea P1gs, Hamsters, Mice and Rats on Dry Diets ...... 7-14
7-6 Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) and
Water Consumption (8,/day) to Body Weight for Animals on Dry
Diets 7-15
7-7 Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) and
Water Consumption (8,/day) to Body Weight for Animals on
Moist Diets 7-16
7-8 Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs. Water Consumption
(8./day) vs. Body Weight (kg) for Animals on Dry Diets .... 7-17
7-9 Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs. Water Consumption
(a/day) vs. Body Weight (kg) for Animals on Moist Diets . . . 7-18
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
X111
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1. OVERVIEW
1.1. INTRODUCTION
This report provides recommendations for and documentation of some biol-
ogical variables that are used most often In risk assessment: Hfespan,
body weight, inhalation rate, food consumption and water consumption. These
values are used In risk assessment to adjust cancer potency factors or to
convert exposure data (e.g., ppm chemical 1n air or water) to units of dose
(mg chemical/kg body weight/day or mg chemical/day) for exposure assessment
or route-to-route extrapolation. Values are presented for nonhuman animals
only. For Information concerning human biological values the reader 1s
referred to U.S. EPA (1985a).
These recommended values should be used only when the study under review
does not report values for the biological variables required for the risk
assessment or when the values reported In the study under review are not
plausible because of poor reporting or typographical error. In general,
these recommended values should be used only for the kinds of adjustments or
conversions discussed above and should not be used as a surrogate for
"historical control" data by which the response In an animal group Is
assessed (e.g., decreased body weight or survival).
This report Is a substantial expansion and revision of an earlier effort
(U.S. EPA, 1985b) that was In turn an effort to provide further documenta-
tion of recommended values for humans, rats and mice, proposed and used by
the Agency (U.S. EPA, 1980) to prepare ambient water quality criteria. When
appropriate, the earlier reports are referred to for comparison. Since this
report contains much Information not used In the previous versions,
virtually all of the recommended default values have been changed. Given
the many uncertainties In risk assessment (relatively few of which are
1988A 1-1 09/08/87
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Impacted by different recommended values), the continual review of the
Agency's risk assessments by the RfD and CRAVE committees, and the Inherent
variability of the data on which the new recommended values are based, there
does not appear to be a compelling reason to revise the existing risk
assessments solely on the basis of revised recommended values. This effort
to revise the recommended values is simply an ongoing component of Agency
and risk assessment community efforts to Improve the scientific basis from
which risk assessments are made.
Well-documented and relatively accurate biological variables are needed
to provide some level of consistency among risk assessments and to Increase
the quality and decrease the uncertainty of dose-response assessments.
Inconsistency In assumptions concerning body weight and Intake rates can be
a source oP unnecessary and fruitless controversy. As discussed in some
detail by Snyder et al. (1981) in recommending standard biological values
for the ICRP Reference Man, the actual magnitude of a recommended value may
be less critical than the use of a uniform value. With this uniformity,
assessments made by different Individuals or groups at different times may
be compared more clearly, allowing disagreements to focus on important
scientific judgments rather than more mundane and trivial differences In
assumptions of body weight and other biological variables. By documenting
these biological variables and providing a rationale for the recommended
values, this report at least provides a basis for further discussion from
which a consensus can be reached.
While the absolute magnitude of the recommended values may be of sec-
ondary Importance 1n risk assessment, biological values must be reasonably
accurate and reflect the available information 1f dose-response assessments
are to be made properly. This Is obvious In considering the mechanics of
1988A 1-2 09/08/87
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risk assessment, In which data from several species must often be compared
to determine differences 1n sensitivity among species. Such comparisons are
usually made on mg/kg/day estimates of dose from studies Involving exposure
of the test animals to the compound In air, food or drinking water. In.
making such comparisons, the use of an Inappropriately high assumed value
for air, food or water Intake along with an Inappropriately low assumed
value for body weight would overestimate the sensitivity of the species.
This error combined with the converse error on a different species could
substantially confound the risk assessment to the point where the most
sensitive species and most critical effect are Incorrectly Identified.
Consequently, this report attempts to be comprehensive 1n the summary and
critical In the analysis of the biological variables of concern so that the
recommended values accurately and consistently reflect what Is known.
This report contains seven chapters:
1. Overview
2. Llfespan and Development
3. Body Weight and Growth
4. Inhalation Rates
5. Water Consumption
6. Food Consumption
7. Relationship of Food and Water Consumption
This chapter Includes a summary of the recommended values needed most
often and 1s Intended to be used as a separate document, 1f needed. While
H contains little documentation or discussion, the other chapters contain
detailed data summaries and analyses as well as some less commonly used rec-
ommended values. For Instance, Chapter 3 Includes recommended body weights
on >30 strains of mice, none of which are commonly (but all of which have
been at times) used In toxldty studies. These recommended body weights
could be used, based on the relationships discussed In other
1988A 1-3 09/02/87
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chapters, to estimate strain-specific rates for the Intake of air, food and
water. When such strain-specific Information Is available, 1t Is noted 1n
Chapter 1, and reference Is made to the appropriate section or summary table.
1.2. LIFESPAN AND DEVELOPMENT
Table 1-1 provides recommended values for weaning, puberty and llfespan
for most commonly used laboratory animals. Other developmental and
reproductive data (e.g., gestation period, average Utter size, breeding
life) are given 1n Chapter 2. The recommended Hfespans for mice and rats
are the same as those In U.S. EPA (1980, 1985). These are not Identical to
actuarial life expectancies at birth or theoretical maximum Hfespan
potentials, which have very specific definitions In different bodies of
literature. Nonetheless, the recommended values In Table 1-1 are
representative of the species and consistent with the documented survival
data. As noted In the footnote to Table 1-1, substantial differences have
been documented 1n the survival rates of rats and mice, which are related to
both differences 1n strain as well as holding conditions. Because of the
many factors that can affect llfespan and survival, the recommended values
for llfespan should not be used to assess the significance of survival data
reported 1n toxlclty studies unless the extent of the decrease 1s judged
substantial, 1n which case, the specific recommended value 1s of little
Importance. The recommended values for weaning and puberty are reasonably
well-documented. Estimates of ages at weaning and puberty could be, but
have not been, made from allometrlc relationships. All of the recommended
values summarized 1n Table 1-1, however, are typical and are taken from
published observations.
1988A 1-4 09/03/87
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TABLE 1-1
Recommended Values for Weaning, Puberty and Llfespan
Group
Species
PRIMATES
Monkey, rhesus
Baboon
Marmoset
LABORATORY RODENTS
Mice
Rats
Guinea P1gs
Hamsters
Gerblls
OTHER LABORATORY MAMMALS
Cats
Dogs, Beagles
Rabbits,
(New Zealand)
OTHER ANIMALS
Chicken
Pig
Mink
Weaning
(days)
130
NR
NR
21
21
14
21
21
49
42
56
NA
NR
56
Puberty
(days)
1825
(5 years)
NR
NR
50
56
70
60
70
240
240
195
NA
150
300
Llfespan
(years)
35
55
40
2*
2*
6
2.5
3
15
15
6
24
27
NR
*Substant1al strain variability
NA = Not applicable; NR = not reported
1988A
1-5
09/03/87
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1.3. BODY WEIGHT AND GROWTH
Recommended body weights, given by species, strain and sex when
possible, are given 1n Table 1-2. Unlike previous reports 1n which a single
body weight was given for each animal, Table 1-2 provides four categories of
body weights: weaning, "subchronlc," "chronic" and mature. All weaning body
weights are approximated from published growth curves. Since many toxldty
studies provide Information on the weight of the animals at the start of the
study (usually at weaning or shortly thereafter), but may not give weights
over the course of the study, the weaning weights are Included to help the
risk assessor determine 1f the reported weaning weight 1s typical for the
strain of animal used or to Identify a representative strain of the species
If the strain Is not specified 1n the study. As discussed 1n Chapter 2,
weights at weaning have not been demonstrated to be reliable for estimating
other weight values among or within species.
Mature weights are rough approximations of the animal weight as growth
begins to plateau. These values are time-specific for each species and can
be used to extend growth curves when needed.
The subchronlc and chronic body weights are the time-weighted average
(TWA) body weights for laboratory rodents and other laboratory mammals over
the period from weaning to 90 days ("subchronlc) and from weaning to 730
days postweanlng (chronic). Subchronlc and chronic are operationally
defined 1n order to make the values applicable to standard 90-day and 2-year
bloassays, respectively. These can be used not only to estimate average
body weights but also, with the allometrlc relationships discussed below and
summarized In Table 1-3, to calculate Intake estimates for standard
subchronlc and chronic toxldty studies. The subchronlc and chronic body
weights for mammals are age-specific as specified 1n Table 1-2.
1988A 1-6 09/25/87
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TABLE 1-2
ID
03
CO
Group Species/Strain
Primates monkey, rhesus
chimpanzee
Laboratory rodents mlce/BAFl
mlce/B6C3Fl
rats*/
Fischer 344
rats/Long-Evans
rats/
Osborne-Hendel
o
to
Reference
Sex
H
F
N
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
M
F
Body Heights
(kg)
Heanlng Subchronlc
1.0
1.0
3.8
0.008
0.007
0.009
0.011
0.031
0.030
0.040
0.038
0.053
0.052
0.0223
0.0204
0.0316
0.0246
0.180
0.124
0.248
0.179
0.263
0.201
Chronic
10.9
8.0
(0-35 years)
19.25
(0-55 years)
0.0261
0.0222
0.0373
0.0353
0.380
0.229
0.472
0.344
0.514
0.389
Mature
12
9
(10-35 years)
20
(adult)
0.035
0.030
(1 year)
0.040
0.035
(1 year)
0.40
0.25
(1 year)
0.50
0.35
(1 year)
0.55
0.40
(1 year)
o
CO
CO
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TABLE 1-2 (cont.)
10
CO
en
Group Species/Strain
Laboratory rodents rats/
{cont.) Sprague-Dawley
Histar*
guinea pigs
_, hamsters/
^ golden Syrian
hamsters/Chinese
and Djungaraln
gerblls/
Mongolian*
Other laboratory cats
mamma Is
dogs/beagles*
rabbits/
New Zealand*
Sex
H
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
M
F
Meaning
0.057
0.056
0.053
0.052
0.156
0.146
0.041
0.038
0.015
0.015
0.017
0.016
0.62
0.58
2.05
1.82
1.95
2.04
Subchronlc
0.267
0.204
0.217
0.156
0.48
0.39
0.097
0.095
0.03
0.025
0.048
0.040
1.72
1.49
2.40
1.97
2.86
3.10
Chronic
0.523
0.338
0.462
0.297
0.89
0.86
0.134
0.145
0.041
0.038
0.084
0.073
3.66
2.96
10.8
10.1
3.76
3.93
Mature
0.60
0.35
(1 year)
0.50
0.32
(1 year)
1.0
0.9
0.15
0.16
0.040
0.035
0.10
0.09
4.0
3.1
14
14
4.0
4.1
o
CO
CO
-J
-------
TABLE 1-2 (cent.)
10
O3
co
Group Species/Strain
Other animals* chicken*/
white leghorn
pig/domestic
miniature
mink
Sex Heanlng
H
F
N
H 0.50
F 0.48
Subchronlc Chronic
See growth curves
Figures 3-55 and 3-56
See growth curves
Figures 3-60 and 3-61
Mature
>1.3
>1.6
200-250
70-75
1.7
1.0
*Hore specific values available. See Table 3-3 for mice. Table 3-5 for rats and Chapter 3 for other
species.
o
CD
oo
-------
For virtually all animal species, adequate data are available to
construct growth curves from which TWA body weights for other durations
could be calculated. For rats, mice, dogs, hamsters, chickens and gerblls,
additional data are presented In Chapter 2, from which additional strain-
specific values could be derived.
1.4. INHALATION RATES
Table 1-3 summarizes allometrlc equations for estimating the dally
Intake of air, water and food, based on body weight for all species combined
as well as for several Individual species and animals groups. Species-
specific equations should be used, 1f available, but 1f they are not
available, equations for the most specific animal subgroup (e.g., primates
or laboratory mammals) should be used. If no group equation 1s available,
the allometrlc equation for all species combined should be used. The
rationale for this selection process 1s 2-fold. First, 1t best reflects the
available data on the species or group of concern. Second, allometrlc
relationships based on all species combined, while generally yielding high
correlation coefficients and high levels of statistical significance, are
not likely to be the same as true allometrlc relationships within a species.
The reason for this Is that young, growing members of a "heavier" species
will consume more food and water than mature (nongrowlng) members of a
"lighter" species, both having the same body weight (e.g., a 10-pound dog
and a 10-pound child). The significance of age specificity for allometrlc
relationships 1n Inhalation rates has been reviewed by Mortola (1987).
Based on the recommended body weights summarized 1n Table 1-2 and the
appropriate allometrlc equations given In Table 1-3, corresponding recom-
mended Inhalation rates, water consumption rates and food consumption rates
are given In Tables 1-4, 1-5 and 1-6, respectively.
1988A 1-10 09/25/87
-------
TABLE 1-3
Allometrlc Relationships for Estimating Inhalation Rates (I In mVday),
Water Consumption (C In l/day) and Food Consumption (F 1n kg/day)
from Data on Body Weight (kg)
Animal Group
Allometrlc Equation
r2
Figure No.
INHALATION RATES
All species combined
Monkeys
Guinea pigs
Hamsters
Mice
Rats
Cats
Dogs
Rabbits
All species combined
Primates
Laboratory mammals
Chickens
All species combined
Laboratory mammals
Gerblls
Guinea pigs
Hamsters
Rabbits
Chickens
BODY
Dry diet: all species
Wet diet: all species
I . 0.66 W°-7579
I = 0.81 WO-4862
I = 0.44 W°-5156
I = 0.50 WO-9017
I = 1.99 wl-0496
I = 0.80 W°-8206
I = 0.32 wO-5945
I = 0.67 W0.7091
I = 0.46 WO-8307
WATER CONSUMPTION
C =0.11 wO-7872
C = 0.09 wO-7945
C = 0.10 W°-7377
C = 0.13 W°-7555
FOOD CONSUMPTION
F = 0.065 wO-7919
F = 0.056 W°-6611
F = 0.112 wl-0583
F = 0.041 wO-3308
F = 0.082 wO-9285
F = 0.041 W°-7898
F = 0.075 wO-8449
0.96
0.72
0.32
0.86
0.87
0.77
0.81
0.89
0.88
RATES
0.93
0.95
0.88
0.74
RATES
0.95
0.87
0.80
0.75
0.96
0.73
0.97
4-3
4-5
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
4-13
4-14
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-6
6-2
6-4
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-13
6-14
WEIGHT TO FOOD OR WATER CONSUMPTION
F = 0.049 W°-6087
C = 0.093 W°-7584
F = 0.054 cO-9451
C = 0.009 F"!-2044
(0.90)
(0.89)
(0.95)
(0.91)
Eq. 7-5, 7-6
Eq. 7-6, 7-6
Eq. 7-7, 7-7
Eq. 7-8, 7-7
1988A
1-11
09/03/87
-------
TABLE 1-3 (cent.)
Animal Group AllometMc Equation r2 Figure No.
FOOD VS. WATER CONSUMPTION
Dry diet: all species
Wet diet: all species
Laboratory mammals:
(dry diet)
Laboratory rodents:
(dry diet)
F
C
F
C
F
C
F
C
= 0.
= 3.
_ p
= o!
= 0.
= 0.
= 0.
= 0.
31
59
09
39
28
31
16
25
i
Fj
Fl
.7923
.2041
.7389
.2447
.7613
.2226
.6426
.2943
(0
(0
(0
(0
.95)
.92)
.93)
.78)
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
Eq.
7-la,
7-lb
7-2a,
7-2b
7-3a,
7-3b
7-4a,
7-4b
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
1988A 1-12 09/03/87
-------
TABLE 1-4
VO
03 „ ,.
go Reference
>
Group Species/Strain
Primates monkey, rhesus
chimpanzee
Laboratory rodents m1cea/BAFl hybrid
m1ce/B6C3Fl
i
OJ
ratsa/F1scher 344
mice/Long-Evans
mlce/Osborne-Hendel
rat/Sprague-Dawley
Inhalation Rates In mVday
Sex
M
F
NS
H
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
Ueanlng
0.81
0.81
1.5
0.013
0.007
0.014
0.017
0.046
0.045
0.057
0.055
0.072
0.071
0.076
0.075
Subchronlc
0.037
0.033
0.053
0.040
0.19
0.14
0.25
0.19
0.27
0.21
0.?7
0.22
Chronic
2.6
2.2
3.4
0.043
0.037
0.063
0.060
0.36
0.24
0.43
0.33
0.46
0.37
o.sn
0.33
Mature
2.7
2.4
3.5
0.059
0.050
0.068
0.059
0.37
0.26
0.45
0.34
0.49
0.38
0.53
0.34
o
IO
o
CO
-------
TABLE 1-4 (cont.)
CD
CO
3>
Group
Laboratory rodents
(cont.)
Other Laboratory
Mammals
Species/Strain
rat/W1stara
guinea pigs
hamsters/golden
Syrian
Chinese and
Djungaraln
gerb11sb/Mongol1ana
cats
dogs/beagles3
rabbits/New Zealand3
Sex
H
F
M
F
M
F
H
F
M
F
H
F
M
F
M
F
Meaning
0.072
0.071
0.17
0.16
0.028
0.026
0.011
0.011
0.013
0.012
0.24
0.23
1.11
1.02
0.80
0.83
Subchronlc
0.23
0.17
0.30
0.27
0.061
0.060
0.021
0.018
0.032
0.027
0.44
0.41
1.24
1.08
1.10
1.17
Chronic
0.42
0.30
0.41
0.41
0.082
0.088
0.028
0.026
0.054
0.047
0.69
0.61
3.62
3.45
1.38
1.43
Mature
0.45
0.31
0.44
0.42
0.090
0.096
0.027
0.024
0.063
0.057
0.73
0.63
4.35
4.35
1.46
1.49
O
IO
O
t\3
CO
-------
TABLE 1-4 (cont.)
ID
oo
CO
>
Group Species/Strain
Other Animals3*0 pig/domestic
miniature
mink
Sex Weaning
NS
H 0.39
F 0.36
Subchronlc Chronic Mature
40
17
See growth curves 0.99
Figures 3-60 and 3-61 0.66
aHore specific values available. See Chapter 3.
bSpec1es-spec1f1c allometrlc relationship not available. Based on allometrlc equation for hamsters that
are similar In body weight.
cValues for this group are calculated from general allometrlc equation.
NS = Not specified
o
IO
o
r\j
CO
-------
TABLE 1-5
CO
•g Reference Water Consumption (t/day) for Use with Reference Body Weights
Group Species/Strain
Primates monkey, rhesus
chimpanzee
Laboratory rodents8 m1ceb/BAFl hybrid
_ m1ce/B6C3Fl
en
ratsb/Flscher 344
mice/Long-Evans
mlce/Osborne-Hendel
rat/Sprague-Dawley
Sex
M
F
NS
H
F
H
F
H
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
Weaning
0.090
0.090
0.26
0.0028
0.0026
0.0031
0.0036
0.0077
0.0075
0.0093
0.0090
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.012
Subchronlc
0.0060
0.0057
0.0078
0.0065
0.028
0.021
0.036
0.028
0.037
0.031
0.037
0.031
Chronic
0.60
0.47
0.94
0.0068
0.0060
0.0088
0.0085
0.049
0.033
0.057
0.046
0.061
0.050
0.062
0.045
Mature
0.65
0.52
0.97
0.0084
0.0075
0.0093
0.0084
0.051
0.036
0.060
0.046
0.064
0.051
0.069
0.046
o
10
o
CO
GO
-------
LD
CD
CO
TABLE 1-5 (cont.)
o
10
o
r\J
OO
Group Species/Strain
Laboratory rodents0 rat/Wlstarb
{cont.)
guinea pigs3
hamstersa/golden
Syrian
Chinese and
Djungaraln
gerb1lsa/Hongol lanb
Other laboratory mammals catsc/dry diet
catsc/molst diet
dogsc/beaglesb
dry diet
dogsc/beaglesb
moist diet
rabb1tsa/New Zealandb
Sex
H
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
M
F
Weaning
0.011
0.011
0.025
0.024
0.0095
0.0090
0.0045
0.0045
0.0049
0.0047
0.065
0.062
0.005
0.005
1.16
0.15
0.021
0.019
0.16
0.17
Subchronlc
0.032
0.025
0.058
0.050
0.018
0.018
0.0075
0.0066
0.011
0.0093
0.14
0.13
0.017
0.015
0.18
0.16
0.025
0.020
0.22
0.23
Chronic
0.057
0.041
0.092
0.089
0.023
0.024
0.0095
0.0090
0.016
0.015
0.25
0.21
0.043
0.033
0.57
0.54
0.16
0.15
0.27
0.27
Mature
0.060
0.043
0.010
0.0092
0.025
0.026
0.0093
0.0084
0.018
0.017
0.27
0.22
0.048
0.035
0.69
0.69
0.22
0.22
0.28
0.28
-------
in
oo
CO
TABLE 1-5 (cont.)
Group Species/Strain
Other Anlmalsb»c pig/domestic
miniature
m1nkd
Sex
NS
H
F
Weaning
0.064
0.062
Subchronlc Chronic
See growth curves
Figures 3-60 and 3-61
Mature
7.8
3.2
0.17
0.11
co
aBased on allometrlc equation for laboratory mammals
bHore specific values available. See Chapter 3
cFor cats and dogs, separate equations are given for dry and moist diets. See Table 7-2.
dFor mink, a moist diet Is assumed. See Table 7-2.
NS = Not specified
o
10
o
CO
co
-------
TABLE 1-6
UD
00
§S Recommended Values for Food Consumption (kg/day)
Group Species/Strain
Primates3 monkey, rhesus
chimpanzee
Laboratory rodents m1ceb»c/BAFl hybrid
m1ce/B6C3Fl
i
__i
10
ratsb»c/F1scher 344
mice/Long-Evans
mlce/Osborne-Mendel
rat/Sprague-Dawley
Sex
H
F
NS
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
Weaning
0.065
0.065
0.19
0.0023
0.0021
0.0025
0.0028
0.0056
0.0055
0.0067
0.0064
0.0080
0.0080
0.0084
0.0083
Subchronlc
0.0045
0.0043
0.0057
0.0048
0.018
0.014
0.022
0.018
0.023
0.019
0.023
0.020
Chronic
0.43
0.33
0.68
0.0050
.0045
0.0064
0.0061
0.030
0.021
0.034
0.028
0.036
0.030
0.036
0.027
Mature
0.46
0.37
0.70
0.0061
0.0055
0.0067
0.0061
0.031
0.022
0.035
0.028
0.037
0.031
0.040
0.028
O
CO
CD
-------
ID
CO
CD
3>
TABLE 1-6 (cont.)
Group Species/Strain
Laboratory rodents rat/Wistarc
(cont.)
guinea pigs
hamsters/golden
Syrian
Chinese and
-• Djungaraln
0 gerblls/Hongol1anc
Other laboratory mammals catsd/dry diet
catsd/molst diet
dogsd/beaglesc
dry diet
dogsd/beaglesc
moist diet
S rabbits/New Zealand0
\
0
\
Sex
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
M
F
H
F
M
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
Weaning
0.080
0.080
0.022
0.022
0.0042
0.0040
0.0017
0.0017
0.0015
0.0014
0.036
0.035
0.034
0.032
0.075
0.071
0.11
1.82
0.069
0.072
Subchronlc
0.020
0.016
0.032
0.030
0.0092
0.0092
0.0032
0.0027
0.0045
0.0037
0.068
0.062
0.090
0.078
0.083
0.074
0.025
0.10
0.094
0.100
Chronic
0.034
0.025
0.039
0.039
0.013
0.014
0.0042
0.0040
0.0081
0.0070
0.11
0.095
0.18
0.15
0.21
0.20
0.16
0.48
0.12
0.12
Mature
0.035
0.026
0.041
0.040
0.014
0.015
0.0041
0.0036
0.0098
0.0088
0.11
0.098
0.20
0.16
0.24
0.24
0.22
0.65
0.12
0.12
-------
TABLE 1-6 (cont.)
CD
CO
Group Species/Strain
Other Animals0 pig/domestic
miniature
m1nke
Sex
NS
M
F
Weaning
0.028
0.027
Subchronlc Chronic
See growth curves
Figures 3-60 and 3-61
Mature
4.5
1.9
0.089
0.054
aBased on general allometrlc equation. See Table 6-2.
bBased on allometrlc equation for laboratory mammals
!^ cHore specific values available. See Chapter 3.
cats and dogs, separate equations are given for dry and moist diets. See Table 7-2.
eFor mink, a moist diet Is assumed. See Table 7-2.
NS = Not specified
o
10
o
ro
CD
-------
2. LIFESPAN, DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTION
Table 2-1 summarizes data on Hfespan, development and reproduction for
a variety of species. Recommended values for weaning, puberty and Hfespan
are summarized In Table 2-2. Other values of Interest 1n risk assessment
(e.g., gestation period and average litter size) could be extracted from
Table 2-1. The recommended values In Table 2-2 are Intended to represent
those reported In the literature but are not based on a rigorous analysis.
Unlike the previous version of this report (U.S. EPA, 1985b), no use Is made
of calculated maximum llfespan potentials (Boxenbaum, 1983; Sacher, 1959).
The expanded and reasonably consistent data base makes reliance on such
calculations unnecessary.
The most Important use of Ufespan values In risk assessment 1s to
adjust cancer potency factors used 1n the Agency's risk assessments for
carcinogens (U.S. EPA, 1980, 1985). The llfespan values used by the Agency
are consistent with the available llfespan data. Neither 70 years for
humans nor 2 years for rodents, rats and mice approaches maximum recorded
values, but both values are typical and of approximately equal proportion to
maximum values.
The use of recommended or typical Hfespans, as well as ages at weaning
and puberty, can be practical 1n risk assessment to determine the applic-
ability of toxlclty bloassays varying 1n exposure duration to potential
human health effects. For Instance, the "equivalency of Hfespans" Is an
Implicit assumption 1n many risk assessments: the exposure of an animal for
the llfespan of the animal can be used without adjustment (I.e., without the
application of an uncertainty factor of 10 for subchronlc to chronic
exposure) to assess potential human health effects over a Ufespan. As
Illustrated 1n Figure 2-1, the growth curves of species for which llfespan
growth data are available (humans, mice, rats and gerblls) are similar, but
1989A 2-1 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 2-1
Data on Llfespan, Development and Reproduction for Various Groups of Animals
CO
> Animal Group
Primates
no
o
VO
CO
Species
baboon
baboon
baboon
baboon
chimpanzee
chimpanzee
chimpanzee
chimpanzee
gibbon
gibbon
gorilla
gorilla
gorilla
gorilla
gorilla
great ape
human
human
langur
lemur
lemur
marmoset
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
Strain
£. anubls
P. cynocephalus
£. cynocephalus
P. troglodytes
P. troglodytes
£. troglodytes
H. lar
H. lar
G. gorilla
G. gorilla
G. gorilla
lowland
lowland
several
P. entellus
Galago craddlc-
l. macaca fulvus
African green
CAmer squirrel
H. mulatta
H. mulatta
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
Age at Weaning Age at Puberty Gestation Period Llfespan
35-40
42[3]
[32]
[32]
[>37.6]
[45]
[45]..
55[4]
[32]
[32]
[40]
[40]
50[4]
10 ^
[33.4]
50
95[5]
[100]
[22]
18[2]
28[3]
15
35-40
30[3]
[2.66]
[29]
[29]
1.5-2.5 years 165-170
[15]
12-27 weeks 5 years 165 days [160-180]
[15]
3-4 years
[15]
6 years
[15]
35[3]
Reference
Washburn, 1981
Tolmasoff et al..
Cutler, 1975
Cutler, 1975
Jones. 1962
Cutler, 1975
Cutler, 1975
Tolmasoff et al.,
Cutler, 1975
Cutler. 1975
Cutler. 1975
Cutler. 1975
Tolmasoff et al..
Jones, 1962
Jones, 1962
Washburn. 1964
Tolmasoff et al.,
Rosen et al., 1981
Cutler. 1975
Tolmasoff et al.,
Tolmasoff et al. ,
Washburn. 1981
Washburn. 1981
Tolmasoff et al. ,
Jones. 1962
Cutler. 1975
Cutler. 1975
Arrlngton. 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Hafez. 1970
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Hafez, 1970
Templeton, 1968
Tolmasoff et al..
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
-------
TABLE 2-1 (cont.)
CO
IO
rsj
i
O
v£>
O
03
CO
~J
Animal Group
Primates (cont.)
Laboratory rodents
Species
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
orangutan
orangutan
orangutan
primate (NOS)
primate (NOS)
tamarln
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
Strain
rhesus
rhesus
SAmer squirrel
squirrel
P. pyqmaeus
P. pyqmaeus
£. pyqmaeus
mustached
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Age at Weaning
120 days
3-6 months
3-6 months
3 weeks
14 days
3.5 weeks
10 days
3-4 weeks
21 days
[21-28] days
20-24 days
[21-28] days
Age at Puberty
3-4 years
5 years
6 years
9-12 weeks
10-12 weeks
10-12 weeks
10-12 weeks
45-70 days
10 weeks
1-5 months
30-45 days
8 weeks
3-5 months
90-150 days
30 days
60
84 days
Gestation Period
150-180 days
24-25 days
24-26 days
60-72 days
65-72
68 days[65-71]
68 days average
65-70
15.875 days
16-17 days
16-19 days
[16-17] days
15-19 days
16 days*[l-2] days
Llfespan
[19.5]
[6.33]
17[2]
[50]
[50]
58[4]
19[2]
[2-4]
[3.7]
[2-4]
[3.7]
3.1
2-4
2.9
2-4
6
6
6
6
Reference
Wahman Manuf. Co., 1973
Jones, 1962
Jones, 1962
Tolmasoff et al., 1980
Cutler, 1975
Cutler, 1975
Tolmasoff et al., 1980
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Tolmasoff et al., 1980
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Hafez, 1970
Rosen et al., 1981
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Hafez, 1970
Rosen et al., 1981
Arrlngton et al., 1973
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton et al., 1973
Templeton, 1968
Wahman Manuf. Co., 1973
Arrlngton, 1978
Hafez, 1970
Porter and Lane-Petter,
Templeton, 1968
USDA, 1970
Arrlngton, 1978
Hafez, 1970
Ralston Purina Co.. n.d.
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Bond, 1945
Porter and Lane-Petter,
Wahman Hanuf. Co., 1973
Porter and Lane-Petter,
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Worden, 1947
1962
1962
1962
-------
TABLE 2-1 (cont.)
vO
C3
o
CO
ca
-j
Animal Group Species
Laboratory rodents hamster
(cont.) hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
Strain
Chinese
golden
golden
golden
golden
golden
golden
golden
H. auratus
H. auratus
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
129/J
129/J
A/HeJ
A/HeJ
A/HeJ
A/HeJ
A/J
A/J
A/3
Age at Weaning
20-24 days
21
3 weeks
4-5 weeks
4 weeks
21 days
3 weeks
28 days
16-21 days
21 days
[21-28] days
16-21 days
Age at Puberty Gestation Period
4-6 weeks
60 days
20-21 days
2 months 16 days
2 months
7-8 weeks 16 days
8-12 weeks 16 days
35-40 days 20 days
5-7 weeks 19-21 days
35-60 days 19 days [17-21]
50-60 days 17-21 days
35 days 19-21 days
[42-56] days -21 days
6-7 weeks
50 days
50 days
35 days
Llfespan
[3.16]
[2.5]
1.69[0.09]
1.94 [2.5]
1.94 [2.9]
1.65"[0.09]
[2-3]
2-3
[2-3]
2-3
[1-2]
[1-2]
1.71 [2.5]
1.71 [2.4]
[2.34]
[3.13]
1.38 (0.030)
1.70 (0.049)
.10 (0.014)
.42 (0.025)
.40 (0.030)
.31 (0.019)
.11 (0.019)
.32 (0.022)
.40 (0.025)
Reference
Arrlngton, 1978
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Rosen et al., 1981
Rosen et al., 1981
Hoore. 1965
Grlndeland et al., 1957
Hafez, 1970
Soderwall et al., 1960
Deyl et al.. 1975
Deyl et al.. 1975
Grlndeland et al., 1957
Hafez, 1970
Bruce and Hlndle, 1934
Laldlaw. 1939
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Farrls, 1950
Hahman Hanuf. Co., 1973
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Hafez, 1970
Farrls, 1950
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Simmons and Brick, 1970
Worden, 1947
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Deyl et al.. 1975
Deyl et al.. 1975
Hafez, 1970
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Simmons and Brick. 1970
Rosen et al., 1981
Rosen et al., 1981
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
-------
TABLE 2-1 (cent.)
CO
VO
.; en
o
CO
CO
—J
Animal Group Species
Laboratory rodents mouse
(cont.) mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
Strain Age at Meaning Age at Puberty Gestation Period Llfespan
A/J
AKD2Fsubl
AKD2Fsubl
AKR/J
AKR/J
AKR/J
B6AFsubl
B6AFsub1
B6D2F-subl
B6D2F-subl
BALB/cJ
BALB/cJ
BALB/cJ
BRB6F-subl
BRB6F-subl
C3H/J
C3H/J
C3H/J
C3HeB/J
C3HeB/J
C3HeB/J
C57B1/6J
C57B1/6J
C57B1/6J
C57B1/6J
C57B1/6J
C57Br/cdJ
C57Br/cdJ
C57Br/cdJ
C57L/J
C57L/J
C57L/J
CAF-subl
CAF-subl
CBA/J
CBA/J
DBA/1 J
DBA/1 J
DBA/1 J
DBA/1 J
DBA/2J
DBA/2J
DBA/2J
DBA/23
deer 35 days 50 days 23 days
deer
house
1.38 (0.030)
1.49 (0.027)
1.39 (0.030)
0.74 (0.008)
0.70 (0.008)
0.75 (0.014)
1.96 (0.038)
1.84 (0.044)
2.00 (0.033)
1.98 (0.033)
1.27 (0.019)
1.46 (0.041)
1.33 (0.025)
2.04 (0.047)
1.90 (0.055)
0.77 (0.003)
1.09 (0.016)
1.12 (0.019)
1.35 (0.025)
1.69 (0.030)
1.56 (0.030)
1.54 (0.022)
1.79 (0.036)
1.90 (0.025)
1.90 (0.025)
1.48 (0.019)
1.49 (0.027)
1.61 (0.038)
1.30 (0.036)
1.35 (0.036)
1.58 (0.052)
1.46 (0.036)
1.86 (0.030)
1.81 (0.030)
0.98 (0.030)
1.43 (0.022)
1.12 (0.014)
1.59 (0.030)
1.65 (0.036)
1.20 (0.025)
1.12 (0.016)
1.50 (0.025)
1.81 (0.030)
1.14 (0.025)
am
3.5[0.5]
Reference
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Worden, 1947
Tolmasoff et a!., 1980
Tolmasoff et al., 1980
-------
TABLE 2-1 (cont.)
C3
I
CT>
US
o
CO
CO
Animal Group Species
Laboratory rodents mouse
(cont.) mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
Strain
LAF-subl
LAF-subl
NR
NR
MA/HyJ
HA/HyJ
Notomys alexls
P. eremlcus
£. florldanus
P. leucopus
£. manlculatus
P. pollonotus
NR
NR
wood
BN/B1R1J
BN/BlRlj
CFY
Cotton
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
R. lutreolus
R. sordldus
Age at Weaning Age at Puberty Gestation Period Llfespan
1.99 (0.036)
1.93 (0.038)
1.42 (0.019)
1.93 (0.030)
1.33 (0.019)
1.60 (0.022)
29-47 days
>(
1.01 (0.025)
1.23 (0.025)
14 days 21 days
21 days 60-72 days 22 days
7-9 weeks 21-23 days
[2-3]
3 weeks 100 days 21 days
20 days 50-60 days 21-23
[20-28] days [50-60] days [21-23] days
21 100 days 20-22 days
[3.15]
6-8 weeks
[2-3]
100 days
21 days 100 days
[2.47]
[3.01]
3.2[2.7-3.4]
3.0[2.7-3.3]
21 days
21 days [42-49] days 27[26-28] days
2.35 (50X)
1.77 (90X)
2.81 (10X)
2.81 (10X)
2.35 (50X)
1.81 (90X)
2.69 (10X)
1.96 (90X)
2.63 (SOX)
3.06(10X)
2.53[0.44]
24.6-25.1 days
21-22 days
Reference
Russell. 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Russell, 1966
Fox. 1985
Glazier. 1985
Glazier, 1985
Glazier, 1985
Glazier, 1985
Glazier. 1985
Russell. 1966
Russell, 1966
Worden, 1947
Wahman Hanuf. Co., 1973
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Hafez. 1970
Porter and Lane-Petter, 1962
Porter and Lane-Petter, 1962
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Rosen et al.. 1981
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Hafez. 1970
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Rosen et al., 1981
Rosen et al., 1981
Hollander et al., 1984
Hollander et al.. 1984
NAS, 1971
Worden, 1947
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy et al., 1985
Fox, 1985
Fox. 1985
-------
TABLE 2-1 (cont.)
CO
CO
\
CO
Animal Group
Laboratory rodents
(cont.)
Other laboratory
animals
Species
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
Strain
WAG/Rlj
WAG/Rlj
WAG/Rlj
WAG/Rlj
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar BH
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
N. Zealand white
Age at Weaning
21 days
42 days
7-8 weeks
42 days
6-8 weeks
6-8 weeks
6-8 weeks
6-8 months
42 days
8 weeks
Sweeks
8 weeks
56 days
Age at Puberty
180 days
7 months
5-7 months
9 months
9-12 months
180-240 days
9-12 months
9-12 months
10-12 months
10-12 months
7-9 months
12[2]months
120-180 days
5-6 months
5-6 months
5-6 months
6-7 month
6-7 months
6-7 months
26 weeks
Gestation Period
63[52-69]
58-64
65 days (4 days)
63[ 53-71]
63 days
60-65 days
58-63
63[l]days
30-32 days
31-32 days
31 days
30-32 days
Llfespan
3.3[2.6-3.7]
3.3[2.6-3.7]
2.9[2.6-3.0]
2.9[2.6-3.0]
1.52
1.52[2.45]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[13-17]
[6-7]
[6-7]
[6-7]
Reference
Hollander et al., 1984
Hollander et al., 1984
Hollander et al., 1984
Hollander et al., 1984
Deyl et al.. 1975
Deyl et al.. 1975
Kahan and Rosen. 1984
Wahman Hanuf. Co., 1973
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1978
Hafez, 1970
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1978
Hafez, 1970
Templeton, 1968
Wahman Hanuf. Co., 1973
Hafez, 1970
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Hafez, 1970
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
NAS, 1971
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Wahman Hanuf. Co., 1973
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Hafez, 1970
Ralston Purina Co.. n.d.
Arrlngton, 1978
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1978
Hafez, 1970
Ralston Purina Co., n.d.
Altman and Dltmer, 1974
-------
TABLE 2-1 (cont.)
^ Animal Group
CO
IO
Other laboratory
animals (cont.)
Wildlife
ro
CO
Species
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
(volcano)
chinchilla
chinchilla
ferret
ferret
ferret
ferret
hedgehog
langur
mink
mink
mink
mink
raccoon
raccoon
shrew
tarsler vole
vole
vole
vole
vole
Strain
N. Zealand white
N. Zealand white
R. dlazl
domestic
domestic
£. entellus
common tree
bornean
H. ochrogastcr
Orkney
Age at Weaning Age at Puberty Gestation Period Llfespan
6
6
39-41 days
6-8 weeks 6-8.5 months 111 days[105-115]
6 months
42 days 41.3 days
2 months 42 days ,.
5-6
5-6
40[38-44] days [34-42] days
[22]
51.4 days (1.31)
49.7 days(1.39)
8 weeks 10 months 51 days[45-70]
10 months
12[2]
[12-14] days [21-30] days 21 days
[2]
21 days 40 days 21-23 days
21 days 21 days
Reference
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Hatsuzakl et al., 1985
Hafez, 1970
Hafez, 1970
HcLaln et al.. 1985
Worden, 1947
Moody et al.. 1985
Moody et al., 1985
Worden. 1947
Cutler. 1975
Aulerlch et al.. 1979
Aulerlch et al.. 1979
Hafez. 1970
Hafez, 1970
F1ero and Verts, 1986
Flero and Verts, 1986
Tolmasoff et al., 1980
Wright et al., 1986
Worden, 1947
Richmond and Conaway. 1969
Richmond and Conaway, 1969
Worden. 1947
NOS = Not otherwise specified
o
C3
-------
TABLE 2-2
Recommended Values for Weaning, Puberty and Llfespan
Group/Species
Primates
Monkey, rhesus
Baboon
Marmoset
Laboratory rodents
Mice
Rats
Guinea pigs
Hamsters
Gerblls
Other laboratory mammals
Cats
Dogs, beagles
Rabbits, New Zealand
Other animals
Chicken
Pig
M1nk
Weaning
(days)
130
NR
NR
21
21
14
21
21
49
42
56
NA
NR
56
Puberty
(days)
1825 (5 years)
NR
NR
50
56
70
60
70
240
240
195
NA
150
300
Llfespan
(years)
35
55
40
2*
2*
6
2.5
3
15
15
6
24
28
NR
*Substant1al strain variability
NA = Not applicable; NR = not reported
1989A
2-9
09/02/87
-------
not Identical, when weight Is expressed as the proportion of maximum weight
and age 1s expressed as the proportion of the recommended value for the
llfespan. Given the Intraspecles variability In growth (Chapter 3), the
general shapes of the relative growth curves are consistent, when viewed
over the llfespan of the animal, and provide some support for the equiva-
lency of llfespan assumption. The growth patterns In Figure 2-1 also
suggest a more explicit definition of the recommended llfespan value, the
time at which body weight begins to decline.
In the early stages of growth, some substantial differences are apparent
In relative growth rates among species. These differences arc well Illus-
trated In Figure 2-2, which presents the relative growth over the first 30%
of the llfespan of the animals Included In Figure 2-1. A similar difference
In relative growth between humans and rats was noted by Brody (1945).
During very early life (<1% of llfespan), humans grow more rapidly than
experimental mammals. As llfespan progresses, however, the relative growth
of the smaller animals exceeds that of humans for periods between 15 and 20%
of llfespan. After this time, the growth curves are not remarkably
different except for the slower and nearly linear growth of rats and female
mice over the period between 20 and 70% of growth models such as the
Bertalanffy, Gompertz and logistic equations were applied to many sets of
growth data summarized 1n this report. While growth llfespan. For humans,
rats and mice, sex-specific differences In growth are apparent; males grow
more rapidly and reach a plateau sooner than females.
A large body of literature exists on growth kinetics and the Interpre-
tation of differences 1n growth patterns (Donhoffer, 1906; Klrkwood, 1985;
Moore, 1985; Prothero, 1986; Rlcker, 1979; Zulllnger et a!., 1984). Various
growth models such as the Bertalanffy, Gompertz and logistic equations were
applied to many sets of growth data summarized In this report. While growth
1989A 2-10 09/08/87
-------
°1
3c
^
o°<
J
1
^
„••
.
I 6
00
k*3
?
u.
>» V
ff 1 o!
°o! !
ft i '
> ! i
i i
! i
i !
I !
i i
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i 1
i !
! 1
I i
1 1
i i
i !
1 ;
1 1
JTT
! ! I
! i !
.! 1 !
! i 1
\ i i
1 1 !
i i 1
i ! !
1 i :
i i i
i ! 1
t t I
1 | i
i : :
i ; :
i i i
i i i
! 1 !
i i i
ntoromoh or i
rH
I I I.
'* j *
i ! 1
i i i
i ! 1
j i !
i i i :
MALES
0 HUMRKS
OtfiTS
B racz
OCTTVTT C
till
IFISfftN
^
o
D
'
•
1
i
0.9
o.e
0.7
0.6
H
S 0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
1
1
U<
1 «°
h
•*>
*f
4
<$l
I |
? 1
i
i i
•
O
•
o
0
i
1
i
B
! 0
*!
i
j
i
i
i
\
:
!
1
i
i
!
I
t
I
i
0
1
r ^_^
0
! C
1*
!
|
iu-r^e-6— ^~
! II :
i i i i
i i i i
! ! 1 i
: : i :
: i j :
i i M
\ \ \ \
titi
MM
i i i !
i 1 i i
: ! ! i
i 1 ! 1
FEMALES
O HUMRNS
OMT?
B racz
^S £TVVTt C
1 1 1 1
» i
f
i
i
i
:
!
i
1 1
i i
i i
: :
i i i
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 O.e 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
noroniw or
FIGURE 2-1
Plot of Relative Maximum Weight vs. Proportion of Recommended
Llfespan for Hale and Female Humans, Mice, Rats and GerbUs
1989A
2-11
08/07/87
-------
H
0.5
H
H. 0-
0.1 -
1
ft £ —
H
& A * — .
[„
s
!
a s —
H 0.2
0.1 -
1
1 -I.I
i i ." I • o |
! I „ "; sol i
i v i° Uo e* i i
1 ! P i ! !
^* i * i i i
°i- e! 6 I 1
*l 1 o o "
o \ ° i * C
o» |o£e° |
/^cri i
I
MALES
e HUMANS
OttffC
o HICI
s^ cnvii c
; i
i ;
: 1
i i
i i
i
i !
I |
1 1
O.OS 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.3
nowmoN or unsm
i : i i t i
ill i
1 1 ! i i i
! i i n 0 1 0 ° !
i 1 i i "
IIP
I ! i O !
i 1 i "o i °
! ! o .. i
<>t n lrf>0 1
! 5 t
O i |° o o !
^ IB 1 _ « j
" i c°, r i
•% Je°*
/?**• i i
fo°" i i
0 i j i_
i
FEMALES
6 HUMANS
0 MTS
e WCI
ocnsiis
i
i
0 i
i
:
i
i
i
j
j
i
; i T
1 1 1 1
O.OS 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
noroiTiON or unspftN
FIGURE 2-2
for PMa°ll 0.fnriReF1at\ve uHaxlra««n "eight vs. Proportion of Recommended Llfespan
R3tS '^ GerM1S °V6r the F1rst P
1989A
2-12
09/02/87
-------
models could be useful for providing more explicit estimates of body weight
and TWA weight, a general model for growth that incorporates the decrease in
body weight seen in older animals has not been proposed. Given the large
amount of available information on growth in the species often used in risk
assessment, models have not been used In this report to estimate body
weights. If the value for the recommended Hfespan is redefined as the
point at which body weight begins to decline, a general growth model could
be developed that would lead to better estimates of the body weight values
recommended in this report.
The practical aspect of these differences 1n early growth rates for risk
assessment Is that the more rapid growth of the small animals is parallelled
by more rapid sexual maturation. Consequently, in the standard 90-day sub-
chronic study on weanling animals, mice reach puberty during the first third
of the study; however, cats, dogs, rabbits and other larger animals do not
reach puberty during the course of the 90-day study. Data on the proportion
of time between weaning and puberty covered by a standard 90-day bioassay
are summarized in Table 2-3.
While the methodological application of these relationships to risk
assessment is beyond the scope of this report, the term, subchronic, is
Ill-defined in the literature on risk assessment. The "standard 90-day
subchronic study" does not cover the same developmental periods among
species commonly used in toxicity studies, and it may be inappropriate to
treat such studies in the same way (i.e., same uncertainty factor). If
puberty is taken as a key developmental event during growth, a species-
specific definition of a subchronic study could be proposed as a study that
covers the period from weaning to puberty and an equal period beyond
puberty. This would correspond to a value of 2 in the third column of Table
2-3 for each species.
1989A 2-13 09/08/87
-------
TABLE 2-3
Proportion of Time from Weaning to Puberty Covered by 90-Day Study
Group/Species Weaning Puberty Proportion of Time
(days) (days) to Puberty
Primates
Monkey, Rhesus 130 1825 0.053
Laboratory rodents
Mice 21 50 3.10
Rats 21 56 2.57
Guinea pigs 14 70 1.61
Hamsters 21 60 2.12
Gerblls 21 70 1.84
Other laboratory mammals
Cats 49 240 0.47
Dogs, beagles 42 240 0.23
Rabbits, New Zealand 56 195 0.65
Other animals
M1nk 56 300 0.37
1989A 2-14 09/02/87
-------
3. GROWTH
In this chapter, Information on body weight and growth 1s presented for
primates, laboratory rodents, other laboratory mammals, livestock, and wild-
life. Some plots of growth data contain both large closed circles and small
open circles; the latter are connected by solid lines. The large closed
circles are the actual reported body weights. The small open circles are
TWA body weights calculated from the start of the observation period (To) to
the time specified on the graph. TWA body weights between any two time
periods (Tl and T2) can be calculated by using the cumulative TWA body
weights at each period (BW1 and BW2) by the following equation:
TWA = [(Tl x BW1) - (T2 x BW2)]/T1-T2 (3-1)
Figures 1n this chapter that have titles beginning with "Recommended
Growth Curve" are those from which recommended body weights have been
estimated. Figures that have titles beginning with "Growth and Body Weight
Data" are provided for Information or comparison with the recommended growth
curve. Whenever all of the available growth data are not used 1n recommend-
ing body weights, both kinds of figures are provided.
3.1. PRIMATES
Data on the growth and body weight of primates are summarized 1n Table
3-1. Growth and body weight data over the entire Hfespan are available
only for humans. The most complete published Information on human growth 1s
provided by Stoudt et al. (I960) on male and female Caucasians. The Stoudt
et al. (1960) data are generally consistent with other published Information.
1990A 3-1 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-1
Growth and Body Weight Data on Primates
vO
10
O
GO
1
f\J
O
CO
•^
O
\
CO
— J
Species
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Strain
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Sex
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
Age
(days)
1
183
365
548
730
913
1,095
1,278
1,460
1,643
1.825
1
15
45
75
105
135
165
195
225
255
285
315
345
365
548
730
913
1.095
1,278
1,460
1,643
1.825
2.008
2,190
2.555
2.920
3,285
3,650
4.015
4.380
4,745
Weight
(kg)
1.90000
4.85000
6.55000
8.15000
9.60000
11.80000
13.25000
14.75000
16.60000
18.50000
19.75000
3.40000
3.72000
4.26000
5.08000
5.81000
6.44000
7.08000
7.71000
8.12000
8.44000
8.80000
9.12000
9.43000
9.53000
10.89000
12.25000
13.15000
14.06000
15.42000
16.33000
17.24000
18.60000
19.50000
20.41000
22.68000
26.31000
29.03000
32.66000
37.19000
42.18000
46.27000
Variance
2.50E-003
3.06E-002
1.56E-002
3.06E-002
2.25E-002
2.25E-002
3.06E-002
5.06E-002
9.00E-002
6.25E-002
1.41E-001
2.50E-001
2.50E-001
2.92E-001
3.48E-001
4.62E-001
5.33E-001
6.72E-001
7.40E-001
8.28E-001
9.02E-001
9.02E-001
l.OOEOOOO
1.08EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
3.28EOOOO
3.28EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
1.01E0001
2.49E0001
2.49E0001
4.03E0001
6.66E0001
6.66E0001
6.66E0001
Reference
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Lane-Peter et al. 1967
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
-------
TABLE 3-1 (cent.)
_!
.0
£>
O
3>.
CO
CO
O
CO
V.
_J
O
>s.
CO
._. 1
Species
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Strain
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
Age
(days)
5.110
5.475
5.840
6.205
6,570
6,935
8.030
9.855
11,680
13,505
16.425
20.075
23,725
27,375
7.665
10.950
14.600
18.250
21,900
25,550
1
15
45
75
105
135
165
195
225
255
285
315
345
365
548
730
913
1,095
1,278
1,460
1,643
1.825
2,008
Weight
(kg)
50.80000
53.07000
54.43000
55.34000
55.79000
56.25000
56.70000
57.61000
58.97000
61.69000
64.41000
67.13000
66.23000
65.32000
60.78200
64.41078
67.13236
68.03955
68.03955
66.67876
3.45000
3.86000
4.49000
5.49000
6.30000
6.99000
7.62000
8.16000
8.71000
9.16000
9.48000
9.84000
10.16000
10.43000
11.79000
12.70000
13.61000
14.52000
15.42000
16.78000
17.69000
19.05000
19.96000
Variance
7.43E0001
8.23E0001
9.08E0001
7.43E0001
5.94E0001
5.94E0001
7.43E0001
9.08E0001
1.19E0002
1.29E0002
1.50E0002
1.61E0002
1.61E0002
1.50E0002
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
3.48E-001
3.48E-001
5.33E-001
5.93E-001
7.40E-001
6.72E-001
8.28E-001
9.02E-001
1.08EOOOO
1.08EOOOO
1.19EOOOO
1.28EOOOO
1.28EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
1.85EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
5.15EOOOO
Reference
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al. 1960
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
-------
TABLE 3-1 (cont.)
ID
IO
0
CO
•>
0
CO
*x.
_J
o
V.
co
**j
Species
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans .
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Humans
Marmosets
Marmosets
Marmosets
Marmosets
Strain
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
Caucasian
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
common
common
common
common
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
male
male
male
both
NS
NS
NS
NS
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
29
20
37
16
24
21
23
4
12
22
6
H
5
7
Age
(days)
2.190
2.555
2,920
3.285
3.650
4,015
4.380
4.745
5,110
5.475
5,840
6.205
6,570
6,935
8,030
9,855
11.680
13.505
16.425
20,075
23,7?5
27.37S
31,025
7.665
10,950
14.600
8.250
21.900
25.550
9.527
7
9,477
5
9,308
17.885
1
1
1
1
107
274
457
746
Weight
(kg)
21.32000
24.49000
27.22000
29.94000
33.11000
37.19000
39.46000
44.91000
51.26000
58.06000
62.14000
64.86000
67.59000
69.40000
71.67000
73.94000
74.84000
75.30000
75.75000
74.84000
73.4HOOO
/I.? 1000
68.49000
73.93631
78.47229
80.74027
80.74027
78.92588
74.84351
59.50000
3.42000
77.00000
3.67000
78.60000
74.00000
3.43000
3.47000
3.50000
3.40000
0.11500
0.23400
0.27300
0.34600
Variance
7.40EOOOO
1.01E0001
1.32E0001
1.32E0001
2.06E0001
2.49E0001
2.96E0001
3.48E0001
4.62E0001
5.27E0001
5.27E0001
7.43E0001
8.23E0001
9.08E0001
1.09E0002
1.19E0002
1.29E0002
1.29E0002
1.29E0002
1.29E0002
I.19K0002
I.I9H1002
1.19E0002
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.01E0002
NS
5.70E0002
NS
9.00E-002
1.21E0002
NS
NS
NS
NS
9.00E-004
5.04E-003
2.50E-003
9.00E-004
Reference
Stoudt et al. 1960
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
Stoudt et al.
SloucH el. ni
Stoudl el al.
Stoudt et al.
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
1960
I9M)
V)BO
1960
U.S. Bureau of the Census.
U.S. Bureau of the Census.
U.S. Bureau of the Census.
U.S. Bureau of the Census.
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
U.S. Bureau of the Census,
Altken et al., 1986
Cross, 1949
Altken et al., 1986
Cross, 1949
Luft et al.. 1983
White et al.. 1985
Fisher et al., 1982
Fisher et al., 1982
Fisher et al., 1982
Fisher et al., 1982
Yarbrough et al., 1984
Yarbrough et al., 1984
Yarbrough et al., 1984
Yarbrough et al., 1984
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
-------
TABLE 3-1 (cont.)
V£>
0
0
>
CO
in
o
02
"s^
o
CO
-~J
Species
Marmosets
Marmosets
Marmosets
Marmosets
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Strain
common
common
common
common
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
Sex
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
7
14
10
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
43
34
31
28
25
21
28
28
28
28
28
22
Age
(days)
95
274
457
746
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
6
183
365
557
730
1,112
1.460
1
30
60
91
122
152
182
213
243
274
304
335
365
730
1.095
1.460
1.825
2,190
2,555
1
91
182
274
365
548
Weight
(kg)
0.10300
0.22000
0.32000
0.37500
0.41800
0.45000
0.51000
0.54000
0.55000
0.62000
0.63000
0.44000
1.30000
1.90000
2.50000
2.90000
4.20000
5.20000
0.46500
0.60000
0.77000
0.91500
1.08500
1.25500
1.41500
1.56000
1.68000
1.81500
1.94000
2.07000
2.18500
3.40500
4.82000
5.95000
6.66000
7.29000
8.00500
0.49000
0.96000
1.44000
1.84000
2.20000
2.88000
Variance
3.36E-003
4.76E-003
4.62E-003
1.44E-003
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
3.60E-003
2.25E-002
4.00E-002
4.00E-002
4.00E-002
1.60E-001
6.40E-001
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
Yarbrough et
Yarbrough et
Yarbrough et
Yarbrough et
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
NAS, 1981
NAS. 1981
NAS. 1981
NAS, 1981
NAS, 1981
NAS, 1981
NAS. 1981
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
al.
al.
al.
al.
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
. 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole.
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole.
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole.
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
Catchpole,
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
-------
TABLE 3-1 (cont.)
10 Species Strain
o
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
Monkeys
NR = Not
CO
i
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
reported; NS = not
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
specified
Number of
Animals
17
12
10
9
7
6
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
730
1,095
1.460
1,825
2,190
2.555
6
183
183
365
557
730
1.112
1,460
1,825
Weight
(kg)
3.45000
5.72000
7.52000
8.71000
9.97000
10.97000
0.48000
1.50000
1.50000
2.20000
3.00000
3.50000
5.10000
7.40000
9.70000
Variance
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
2.50E-003
l.OOE-002
l.OOE-002
4.00E-002
2.50F-001
3.60E-001
1.21EOOOO
1.96EOOOO
2.25EOOOO
Reference
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
Van Wagener
NAS, 1981
NAS. 1981
NAS, 1981
NAS, 1981
NAS, 1901
NAS. 1981
NAS, 1981
NAS. 1981
NAS, 1981
and Catchpole,
and Catchpole,
and Catchpole,
and Catchpole,
and Catchpole,
and Catchpole,
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
1956
o
CO
o
>v
CO
-------
For other primate species, growth data over the Hfespan were not
encountered. Nonetheless, relatively good early growth data are available
on the rhesus monkey, chimpanzee and common marmoset. Since toxldty
studies are seldom conducted over the complete Hfespan of these species,
the available growth data are adequate for proposing practical recommended
values.
3.1.1. Humans. All of the body weight data on human males and females
summarized 1n Table 3-1 are plotted 1n Figure 3-1. These data are generally
consistent, although the data presented by the U.S. Bureau of the Census
(1985) and AHken et al. (1986) give somewhat greater weights than the data
of Stoudt et al. (1960), for comparable ages. This difference 1n reported
body weights may be related to a general, although slight, Increase In the
body weight of the U.S. population that occurred between the 1960s and
1980s. This trend Is Illustrated 1n Figures 3-2 and 3-3 for males and
females, respectively, from data provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census
(1985). [In Table 3-1, only the data from 1976-1980 are presented.]
The reference values recommended by Snyder et al. (1975) are based
largely on the data presented by Stoudt et al. (1960). The relationship of
age to body weight for human females based on the data provided by Stoudt et
al. (1960) and U.S. Bureau of the Census (1985) are plotted In Figure 3-4.
Corresponding data on human males are plotted 1n Figure 3-5. Body weights
for children are shown In Figure 3-6, which Is based on the data of Stoudt
et al. (1960) for males and females <20 years of age. As with many animal
species, differences 1n body weight between males and females are not
remarkable until after puberty.
1990A 3-7 09/02/87
-------
20
10
m ,
i
//iii
VIII
i i
! !
j |
! !
i i i i i i
! !
i i
i !
! i
• :
1 i
10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0
IN YEARS
00.0 90.0
FIGURE 3-1
Body Height Data on Hale and Female Humans
[All data combined (see Table 3-1 for references)]
1990A
3-8
08/10/87
-------
AGE vs Weight
so/s
w
e
•
i
K
g
21
30 40 50 60
MEAN AGE (MEN)
-62TOT
71-74 TOT
76-80 TOT
FIGURE 3-2
Mean Body Heights of Human Hales of Various Ages Over
the Periods 1960-1962, 1971-1974 and 1976-1980
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985
1990A
3-9
08/10/87
-------
AGE vs WEIGHT
w
E
I
G
H
T
K
9
30 40 50 60
MEAN AGE (WOMEN)
60-62 TOT
71-74 TOT
76-80 TOT
FIGURE 3-3
Mean Body Heights of Human Females of Various Ages Over
the Periods 1960-1962, 1971-1974 and 1976-1980
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985
1990A
3-10
08/10/87
-------
I
n
70
60
40
30
20
10
10.0
20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0
MI IN YXAKS
60.0
70.0
80.0
FIGURE 3-4
Recommended Growth Curves for Human Females
Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985; Stoudt et al.t 1960
1990A
3-11
08/10/87
-------
90
BO
70
J
. 60
I
i
n
50
K 40
C
30
10 -
T
T
T
T
10.0 20.0 30.0
40.0 90.0 £0.0
ACI IN YXAPS
I
I
70.0 CO.O 90.0
FIGURE 3-5
Recommended Growth Curves for Human Hales
Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985; Stoudt et al.. I960
1990A
3-12
09/02/87
-------
70
60
50
40
i
n
I 30
10
10.0 12.5
Ad IN YXASS
FIGURE 3-6
Body Height Data on Hale and Female Humans
From Birth to 20 Years of Age
Sources: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985
1990A
3-13
09/02/87
-------
Height Is also strongly correlated with weight, and 1n 21- to 71-year-
old adults, variations 1n height have a greater effect on body weight than
do variations In age. This Is Illustrated In Figures 3-7 and 3-8 for males
and females, respectively, based on the 1976-1980 data provided by the U.S.
Bureau of the Census (1985).
3.1.2. Rhesus Monkeys. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a standard body
weight for monkeys. Body weights for "adult" monkeys reported In the
literature are 3.5 kg (ARS/Sprague-Dawley, 1974; Hertzberg and Dourson,
1983), 4.7 kg for the rhesus monkey (Boxenbaum, 1983) and 5.0 kg (Lehman,
1959). Table 3-1 summarizes available growth data on male and female rhesus
monkeys. The data on male rhesus monkeys are plotted 1n Figure 3-9. As
Illustrated 1n Figure 3-9, no plateau 1n body weight 1s apparent over the
7-year observation period. Taking the recommended Hfespan of 35 years for
the rhesus monkey and using 12 kg as an estimate of adult body weight, a
llfespan TWA body weight of -10.9 kg can be estimated, as Illustrated In
Figure 3-10. A similar approach can be used for the data on female rhesus
monkeys as Illustrated In Figures 3-11 and 3-12 from which a Hfespan TWA
body weight of ~8 kg can be estimated. Both of these Hfespan TWA body
weights are probably underestimated; thus, they are somewhat conservative
when used to estimate mg/kg/day doses. Most toxlclty studies available on
rhesus monkeys are not standardized 1n terms of the age of the animals at
the start of the study, and the durations of exposure generally accepted as
subchronlc and chronic are also not standardized. Thus, the only recom-
mended values proposed for the rhesus monkey are Hfespan TWAs of 10.9 kg
for males and 8 kg for females. For calculating doses from less than life-
span toxldty studies In which body weights are not reported or Incompletely
reported, Figures 3-9 through 3-12 should be used to estimate body weights.
1990A 3-14 09/02/87
-------
Ul
58
21
31
190
oge
FIGURE 3-7
The Relationship of Height, Weight and Age of Human
Hales Over the Period 1976-1980
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985
1990A
3-15
08/10/87
-------
21
170
Ago <
yrs>
FIGURE 3-8
The Relationship of Height, Height and Age
of Human Females Over the Period 1976-1980
Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1985
1990A
3-16
08/10/87
-------
12
11
10
W 9
I 8
» 7
i 6
I 5
4
3
2
1
U i
?
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
MX IN YIASS
P
i
P
5.0
s.o
7.0
FIGURE 3-9
Body Height Data on Hale Rhesus Monkeys
Source: NAS, 1981
1990A
3-17
08/10/87
-------
f
¥
i
Ft
16 —
9_
8_
6_
5_
i _
<
• ' V V ' W V j V « V -V V TV
o i 1 i i
1 1 T^4-j°H>~'"*~T
f° i Jxo^T I ! i
Q i x" i i 1 1 1
! I-/' 1 1 i I i
! i/ i S i ! i
oi/l 1 ' 1 i !
I / 1 i ! ! 1 !
i tf ! ! 1 i i !
0 i/ ! III!
ft j/ 'j j j • j
/111!!!
/: < t t ! : l
ft f \ \ \ i i i i
d?/1 !!!!!!
~H P : i : : : i :
/ i i i i i !
O/ i ! ! $ $ ! i
%P \ i i 1 i i !
y ! i I i ' ! i
? I 1 I 1 1 1 I
i i I i i i i i
5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.
ttl IN YIA1S
FIGURE 3-10
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Rhesus Monkeys,
Extended by Assuming a Mature Body Height of 12 kg
1990A
3-18
09/02/87
-------
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
I
3.0 4.0
fl€I IN Y1AIS
FIGURE 3-11
Body Height Data on Female Rhesus Monkeys
Sources: NAS, 1981; Farrl's, 1950
1990A
3-19
09/02/87
-------
9
8
7
6
iO
\L
3
2
1
• i !
1
5.0
1
10.0
1
15.0
i
1
20.0 25.0
ftCI IN YIAKS
!
i
30.0
i
i
35.0
\
1
40.0
FIGURE 3-12
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Rhesus Monkeys,
Extended by Assuming a Mature Body Height of 9 kg
1990A
3-20
09/02/87
-------
3.1.3. Other Primates. Growth data are also available on chimpanzees
(Lane-Peter et a!., 1967) and the common marmoset (Yarbrough et al.t 1984).
For chimpanzees, growth data categorized by sex are not available. As
Illustrated 1n Figure 3-13, the body weight of chimpanzees at birth 1s ~2 kg
and reaches ~20 kg after 5 years. Taking 55 years as the recommended life-
span, the Hfespan TWA body weight 1s ~19.25 kg. For marmosets, growth data
are available over only a small and early portion of the 40-year Hfespan
(Figures 3-14 and 3-15). Because of this limited data and because marmosets
are a very uncommon test species In toxldty studies, recommended values are
not derived.
3.2. LABORATORY RODENTS
3.2.1. Mice. The U.S. EPA (1980) has recommended a reference body weight
of 0.03 kg for adult mice. Other reported recommended values are 0.035 kg
(ARS/Sprague-Dawley, 1974), 0.023 kg (Boxenbaum, 1983) and 0.02 kg (Lehman,
1959).
Table 3-2 summarizes the extensive amount of body weight and growth data
that are available on many strains of mice, Including those most often used
1n toxldty testing. As Illustrated In Figure 3-16, body weights of
different strains of mice vary substantially; most reported body weights for
mature mice range from 0.03-0.045 kg.
The most comprehensive published source of growth data on laboratory
animals Includes >50 strains of mice (Polley, 1972). These data were taken
from several animal colonies operated by academic, research and commercial
organizations under the sponsorship of the National Cancer Institute. For
most strains of mice, the record of growth covered a period from birth to at
least 90 days postweanlng. Growth data over the Hfespan, however, are not
presented for any of the strains of mice.
1990A 3-21 09/02/87
-------
I
17.5
15
12,5
n 10
I
7.5
5
2,5
0.5 1.0 1.5
\ \ \
2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
ftCI IN YIASS
T
4.0 4.5 5.0
FIGURE 3-13
Body Height Data on Hale and Female Chimpanzees
Source: Lane-Peter et a!., 1967
1990A
3-22
08/10/87
-------
100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0
MI IN M«
£00.0 700.0 800.0
FIGURE 3-14
Body Height Data on Hale Marmosets
[Data estimated from Yarbrough et al. (1984)]
1990A
3-23
08/10/87
-------
I
n
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
100.0 200.0 300.0
400.0 500.0
fttt IN MYS
I
600.0 700.0 COO.O
FIGURE 3-15
Body Height Data on Female Marmosets
[Data estimated from Yarbrough et al. (1984)]
1990A
3-24
08/10/87
-------
Vfl
W
I
o
05
O
ro
03
TABLE 3-2
Growth and Body Weight Data on Nice
Species
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKD2F1 Hybrid
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LvCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LuCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LvCr
AKR/LuCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LuCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LvCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
45
45
40
50
43
46
49
47
41
49
40
40
44
45
44
44
44
45
45
44
224
281
214
236
262
216
213
106
187
177
182
169
256
263
211
243
237
226
179
126
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
Height
(kg)
0.00200
0.00470
0.00580
0.00850
0.01210
0.01770
0.01910
0.02290
0.02440
0.02630
0.00200
0.00480
0.00590
0.009SO
0.01340
0.02280
0.02370
0.02700
0.02850
0.03030
0.00140
0.00430
0.00670
0.00870
0.01270
0.01840
0.02110
0.02300
0.02690
0.02850
0.03090
0.03600
0.00150
0.00440
0.00700
0.00900
0.01390
0.02050
0.02330
0.02480
Variance
1.06E-007
1.06E-007
1.60E-007
9. 51 E -007
9.00E-008
7.66E-007
7.66E-007
7.66E-007
1.27E-006
1.89E-006
1.60E-007
1.81E-007
2.02E-007
6.40E-007
1.23E-007
l.OOE-006
l.OOE-006
l.OOE-006
1.89E-006
1.56E-006
9.00E-008
3.06E-006
2.64E-006
6.63E-006
1.14E-005
1.58E-005
1.60E-005
9.00E-006
2.84E-005
1.62E-005
2.14E-005
1.14E-005
9.00E-008
3.33E-006
2.98E-006
6.38E-006
1.02E-005
1.41E-005
1.22E-005
5.64E-006
Reference
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, l'J/2
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
o Species
o
3
>
AKR/LvCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
w AL/NCr
^o AL/NCr
«^ AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
Aston
A/HeH
A/HeN
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
o A/JCr
<*> A/JCr
o A/JCr
~ A/JCr
c3 A/JCr
-J A/JCr
Sex
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
89
102
93
82
43
43
34
44
56
47
45
41
35
44
45
49
32
33
50
61
38
53
53
43
42
43
13
8
12
34
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
22
22
22
22
Age
(days)
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
652
61
152
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
Weight
(kg)
0.03030
0.03190
0.03480
0.03740
0.00140
0.00320
0.00540
0.00880
0.01390
0.02060
0.02460
0.02900
0.03030
0.03100
0.03360
0.00150
0.00350
0.00560
0.00960
0.01580
0.02270
0.02690
0.02980
0.03100
0.03220
0.03400
0.03020
0.02100
0.02970
0.00120
0.00570
0.00700
0.01260
0.01470
0.01760
0.01910
0.02450
0.02590
0.02950
0.03400
0.03770
Variance
1.54E-005
1.68E-005
8.85E-006
2.68E-005
3.06E-008
4.56E-007
1.81E-007
1.10E-006
5. 21 E -004
1.01E-005
1.16E-006
3. 61 E -006
l.OOE-006
3.06E-006
1.82E-006
1.56E-008
2.50E-007
4.56E-007
2.03E-006
2.64E-006
6.50E-006
2.10E-006
l.OOE-006
3.06E-006
1.56E-006
1.56E-006
2.03E-006
NS
NS
1.56E-008
1.81E-007
2.50E-007
2.26E-007
4.00E-008
4.52E-006
l.OOE-006
7.66E-007
8.27E-006
4.00E-006
1.27E-006
3.06E-006
Reference
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Richard and Trayhurn, 1985
Sllversteln. 1960
Sllversteln, 1960
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cent.)
£§ Species
o
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
A/J
A/J
A/LN
" BAF1 Hybrid
^ BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid.
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
o
\ BALB/cAnCr
° BALB/cAnCr
v. BALB/cAnCr
2 BALB/cAnCr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
35
36
26
29
29
29
29
29
29
27
27
25
15
15
7
30
25
36
45
40
41
44
38
37
42
42
35
56
59
43
38
35
32
33
35
386
377
360
440
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
100
100
152
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
1
7
14
21
Weight
(kg)
0.00120
0.00540
0.00760
0.01370
0.01700
0.01840
0.02040
0.02560
0.02700
0.03180
0.03650
0.03910
0.02090
0.02520
0.02410
0.00210
0.00450
0.00540
0.00670
0.00850
0.01580
0.01870
0.02240
0.02460
0.02700
0.00220
0.00470
0.00540
0.00770
0.01040
0.01670
0.02330
0.02550
0.02740
0.03090
0.00170
0.00510
0.00800
0.01080
Variance
2.25E-008
2.02E-007
3.06E-008
1.56E-006
4.22E-007
2.64E-006
l.OOE-006
1.56E-006
3.06E-006
3.52E-006
2.64E-006
3.52E-006
3. 61 E -006
2.25E-006
NS
2.26E-007
8.10E-007
1.23E-007
2.10E-006
2.40E-006
1.56E-006
2.64E-006
l.OOE-006
l.OOE-006
2.64E-006
1.81E-007
6.40E-007
1.41E-007
2.89E-006
2.10E-006
2.25E-006
2.25E-006
3.06E-006
3.52E-006
2.64E-006
2.03E-007
5.64E-006
5.29E-006
6.50E-006
Reference
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Sllversteln. 1960
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cent.)
vo
vo
o
CO
I
CO
O
10
CO
-J
Species
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnH
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/C
BALB/c
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
480
277
203
72
57
96
87
92
92
106
107
547
362
352
419
424
306
153
62
53
66
56
67
65
71
56
8
15
48
48
48
48
48
15
48
48
48
48
48
48
Age
(days)
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
224
252
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
224
252
152
100
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
100
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Weight
(kg)
0.01430
0.01690
0.01940
0.02020
0.02290
0.02500
0.02480
0.02670
0.02740
0.02600
0.02810
0.00130
0.00510
0.00820
0.01130
0.01540
0.01950
0.02080
0.02?00
0.02520
0.02760
0.02820
0.02860
0.02900
0.02930
0.03030
0.02560
0.02010
0.01660
0.01800
0.01890
0.02000
0.02190
0.02700
0.02560
0.01970
0.01970
0.02240
0.02420
0.02850
Variance
8.12E-006
9.77E-006
1.17E-005
4. 31 E -006
5.29E-006
1.56E-005
1.09E-005
1.68E-005
8.70E-006
1.22E-005
1.17E-005
1.81E-007
4.00E-006
3.90E-006
1.28E-005
1.79E-005
6.89E-006
2.19E-005
6.13E-006
2.48E-006
9.46E-006
8.70E-006
1.72E-005
1.46E-005
6.38E-006
1.02E-005
NS
3.61E-006
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.56E-006
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Sllversteln. 1960
Kutscher, 1974
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Kutscher, 1974
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cent.)
_l
JS
LO
o
>
CO
1
r\J
if%
o
VO
•N,
0
IV
\
Species
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B602F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDFTB6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDFTB6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BDF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BOF1*B6D2F1 Hyb
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVR/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
Sex
Female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
292
306
306
263
309
325
270
287
314
291
313
319
269
314
313
275
285
305
25
24
25
25
24
24
24
25
24
24
24
24
24
24
42
49
48
55
64
65
43
48
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
Weight
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
1C
lO
o
CO
1
CO
o
VO
\
o
I\J
>^
CO
^j
Species
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BRVS/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVR/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
36
48
53
59
61
61
48
49
24
24
29
28
24
25
25
25
24
24
26
22
31
25
25
24
24
24
25
28
25
26
24
25
25
27
24
24
24
24
29
24
24
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
63
71
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
Weight
(kg)
0.00240
0.00530
0.00830
0.01120
0.01700
0.02190
0.02370
0.02610
0.00140
0.00490
0.00780
0.01080
0.01740
0.02280
0.02480
0.02610
0.00150
0.00530
0.00950
0. OHIO
0.01950
0.02870
0.03080
0.03130
0.00130
0.00510
0.00780
0.01070
0.01540
0.01760
0.01840
0.02030
0.02260
0.02480
0.00130
0.00590
0.00940
0.01150
0.01750
0.02120
0.02340
Variance
2.03E-007
2.76E-007
9.02E-007
3.31E-007
4.95E-006
2.4BE-006
2.10E-006
2.25E-006
2.50E-009
2.25E-008
1.44E-006
2.25E-006
1.76E-006
5.26E-007
7.66E-007
6. 01 E -007
2.50E-009
4.00E-008
1.38E-006
1.38E-006
2.50E-007
2.1 BE -006
2.10E-006
1.21E-006
5.63E-009
3.03E-007
l.OOE-006
2.25E-006
3.91E-007
2.64E-006
2.25E-006
1.89E-006
3.52E-006
1.76E-006
l.OOE-008
2.50E-007
2.03E-006
1.56E-006
1.27E-006
l.OOE-006
2.98E-006
Reference
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
_l
.0
.0
3
>
CO
CO
o
10
V.
0
PO
Species
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BSVS/SrCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
BlOpd/CzCr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
B10*A/Cr
Sex
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
26
25
24
24
25
24
29
32
32
25
24
24
29
24
24
24
28
31
27
28
24
26
24
35
46
39
58
49
43
41
42
32
44
38
61
48
39
40
38
Age
(days)
49
63
71
1
3
9
14
21
28
35
42
49
70
1
3
9
14
21
28
35
42
49
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
Weight
(kg)
0.02490
0.02750
0.02920
0.00200
0.00310
0.00420
0.00890
0.01070
0.01450
0.01530
0.01760
0.01930
0.02350
0.00210
0.00330
0.00480
0.00980
0.01150
0.01760
0.01860
0.02100
0.02330
0.02870
0.00150
0.00470
0.00780
0.01040
0.01530
0.01840
0.02130
0.02320
0.00160
0.00490
0.00840
0.01180
0.01700
0.02260
0.02490
0.02620
Variance
5.06E-006
5.06E-006
5.64E-006
7.56E-008
1.23E-007
6.40E-007
1.76E-006
1.89E-006
1.96E-006
2.10E-006
1.89E-006
2.25E-006
4.00E-006
6.25E-008
3.60E-007
6.40E-007
2.33E-006
3.52E-006
3.15E-006
1.44E-006
l.OOE-006
2. 81 E -006
5.1 BE -006
2.25E-008
3.03E-007
l.OOE-006
2.33E-006
1.89E-006
6.81E-007
1.63E-006
1.44E-006
2.25E-008
2.50E-007
9. 51 E -007
3.15E-006
4.62E-006
3.80E-006
3.52E-006
4.41E-006
Reference
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
CO
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
VD
O
CO
I
o
r<0
Species
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10*A(5R)/Cr
B10»a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10»a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*a(2R)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10»129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
25
24
24
25
25
24
24
25
24
25
24
24
24
25
24
24
25
24
29
28
29
25
31
25
34
35
27
28
29
25
26
28
31
32
25
25
23
28
31
32
26
25
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
Weight
(kg)
0.00150
0.00430
0.00870
0.01060
0.01580
0.01870
0.02340
0.02480
0.02620
0.00150
0.00500
0.00900
0.01130
0.01630
0.02060
0.02450
0.02870
0.03150
0.00150
0.00480
0.00820
0.01050
0.01500
0.01860
0.02140
0.02530
0.00160
0.00490
0.00910
0.01170
0.01620
0.02200
0.02470
0.02820
0.00160
0.00430
0.00820
0.01000
0.01490
0.01770
0.02140
0.02410
Variance
4.00E-008
2.50E-007
2.25E-006
4.52E-006
1.89E-006
1.89E-006
2.64E-006
l.OOE-006
2.64E-006
4.00E-008
1.41E-007
2.64E-006
4.52E-006
2.64E-006
3.52E-006
2.25E-006
l.OOE-006
1.27E-006
4.00E-008
2.76E-007
1.89E-006
4.10E-006
1.76E-006
1.50E-006
6.38E-006
1.27E-006
3.06E-008
2.50E-007
1.96E-006
5. 41 E -006
3.42E-006
3.15E-006
2.72E-006
3.06E-006
9.00E-008
3.02E-007
1.10E-006
2.25E-006
2.25E-006
2.10E-006
4.73E-006
1.96E-006
Reference
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
V£>
VO
O
1
CO
f^
O
ID
V.
O
r\}
\
CO
«^J
Species
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5M)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129(5H)/Cr
B10*129{5H)/Cr
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6AKF1 Hybrid
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
Female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
25
25
26
24
31
29
30
27
50
45
40
45
44
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
25
50
48
55
50
42
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
3706
3706
3706
3706
3706
3706
3706
3706
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
112
42
56
77
91
119
140
196
294
Weight
(kg)
0.00170
0.00460
0.00900
0.01160
0.01720
0.02240
0.024BO
0.02720
0.00190
0.00450
0.00540
0.00770
0.01130
0.01540
0.01710
0.02010
0.02200
0.02240
0.02600
0.02700
0.02910
0.00190
0.00480
0.00600
0.00800
0.01170
0.01750
0.01830
0.02230
0.02310
0.02370
0.02880
0.03020
0.03270
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
4. OOF -008
2.76E-007
2.03E-006
4.73E-006
4.52E-006
2.18E-006
2.98E-006
4.31E-006
9.00E-008
2.76E-007
7.56E-008
4.90E-007
2.76E-007
2.64E-006
2.25E-006
3.06E-006
1.89E-006
2.64E-006
3.06E-006
5.06E-006
4.00E-006
1.22E-007
2.50E-007
3.60E-007
8.10E-007
3.31E-007
4.52E-006
5.06E-006
3.52E-006
4.00E-006
5.64E-006
1.89E-006
3.06E-006
2.25E-006
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cent.)
IO
VO
o
>
to
i
CO
->
o
IO
^
o
r\>
^
Species
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
3706
3706
3706
3706
3706
3706
48
48
48
48
48
36
23
42
33
38
37
3634
3634
3634
3634
3634
3534
3634
3634
3634
3634
3634
3634
3634
3634
48
48
48
48
48
29
27
38
33
29
35
Age
(days)
371
455
532
623
707
770
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1
7
14
21
28
42
42
42
63
77
98
105
126
133
175
252
483
567
644
770
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1
7
14
21
28
42
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
HS
NS
NS
4.00E-008
7.23E-007
1.89E-006
2.33E-006
3.52E-006
6.38E-006
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
3.06E-008
4.22E-007
9.51E-007
6.76E-006
1.32E-006
1.63E-006
Reference
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
_J
10
VO
O
>
CO
1
CO
en
O
•v.
O
03
Species
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3FF1 Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3FF1 Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
B6KC3fF1 Hybrid
B6KC3FF1 Hybrid
B6KC3fFl Hybrid
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBA/J
CBA/J
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
male
Number of
Animals
45
51
51
52
49
39
20
46
37
39
39
38
31
20
56
52
53
56
56
45
45
47
52
64
48
65
53
49
49
49
53
53
45
45
45
49
55
51
55
41
15
15
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
112
100
100
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
5.06E-008
4.90E-007
1.16E-006
1.82E-006
4.31E-006
2.18E-006
1.16E-006
4.00E-008
2.26E-007
2.1 BE -006
2.72E-006
6.25E-006
3.33E-006
1.21E-006
5.06E-008
2.50E-007
9.02E-007
4.22E-007
7.66E-007
1.27E-006
1.27E-006
3.52E-006
1.56E-006
2.64E-006
3.06E-006
5.06E-006
5.06E-006
7.56E-008
1.41E-007
l.OOE-006
8.56E-007
1.05E-006
1.89E-006
3.06E-006
3.06E-006
5.64E-006
8.27E-006
4.52E-006
9.00E-006
6.25E-006
2.56E-006
2.56E-006
Reference
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
vD
lO
O
OS
I
OS
O
10
O
>^
ca
Species
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CBF1 Hybrid
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.COBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CO.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CO.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CD.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
CO.CDBA.CD2 Hyb
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
40
45
40
45
55
45
55
45
45
45
45
45
45
40
50
40
40
52
45
55
45
45
45
45
45
45
201
204
205
205
201
152
147
203
205
205
204
202
152 .
155
Age
(days)
1
1
14
21
28
42
49
56
63
70
77
04
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
Height
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
3.03E-007
1.B1E-007
1.41E-007
1.22E-007
3.60E-007
1.27E-006
1.56E-006
3.06E-006
2.25E-006
3.52E-006
4.00E-006
4.52E-006
3.06E-006
3.03E-007
2.26E-007
2.02E-007
3.03E-007
1.96E-006
3.52E-006
1.56E-006
2.25E-006
6.25E-006
6.25E-006
9.00E-006
1.31E-005
5.64E-006
6.25E-008
2.25E-006
2.89E-005
5.29E-006
3.33E-006
5.52E-006
6.89E-006
6.25E-008
1.56E-006
3.80E-006
4.41E-006
7.98E-006
2.81E-006
4.73E-006
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
ID
co
I
CO
O
I\5
CD
Species
CD-I
CD-I
CD-I
CFH/PlCr
CFW/PICr
CFW/PICr
CFW/PICr
CFH/PlCr
CFH/PlCr
CFH/PlCr
CFW/PICr
CFH/PlCr
CFW/PICr
CFW/PICr
CFW/PICr
CFW/PICr
CFW/PICr
CFW/PICr
CFW/PICr
Charles River
Charles River
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CO-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Cr1.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CO-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Sex
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
19
9
10
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
8
7
40
40
40
•40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
Age
(days)
37
56
74
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
NS
NS
70
140
182
210
280
364
420
490
546
70
140
182
210
280
364
420
490
546
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
NS
NS
NS
9.00E-008
1.81E-007
3.31E-007
1.63E-006
3.52E-006
3.52E-006
2.48E-006
2.72E-006
1.41E-.007
1.81E-007
4.56E-007
2.40E-006
2.40E-006
3.52E-006
3.52E-006
3.24E-006
NS
NS
7.66E-007
1.41E-007
3.91E-007
5.63E-007
l.OOE-006
1.27E-006
1.56E-006
l.OOE-006
3.91E-007
l.OOE-006
l.OOE-006
5.63E-007
1.27E-006
5.62E-007
1.56E-006
2.64E-006
l.OOE-006
5.64E-006
Reference
Falrchlld. 1972
Falrchlld, 1972
Falrchlld. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Delaey et al., 1975
Delaey et al.. 1975
Chvedoff et al. 1980
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
Chvedoff et al.
1980
1980
I960
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
1980
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
10
10
0
co
i
CO
CO
o
in
^^
^^
O
^^
CO
Species
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP{S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP{S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:MGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SH)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:MGAPS(SW)
CrrHGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:MGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SU)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SH)
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
52
62
46
63
69
63
67
61
58
55
49
38
37
50
45
48
55
51
54
49
35
33
30
34
105
107
100
99
106
107
109
108
101
99
77
77
104
98
105
106
101
101
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
Weight
(kg)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
Variance
1
1
3
7
1
3
2
5
1
2
9
5
1
9
6
7
3
5
1
5
2
4
4
6
6
3
5
1
3
5
4
2
2
8
9
1
6
.56E-008
.81E-007
.03E-007
.66E-007
.89E-006
.06E-006
.50E-007
.62E-007
.27E-006
.25E-006
.OOE-008
.29E-006
.56E-008
.OOE-008
.81E-007
.66E-007
.06E-006
.62E-007
.27E-006
.62E-007
.40E-006
.20E-006
.16E-005
.63E-006
.25E-008
.03E-007
.63E-007
.56E-006
.33E-006
.06E-006
.20E-006
.64E-006
.14E-005
.85E-006
.77E-006
.22E-005
.25E-008
3.02E-007
4
2
3
6
.90E-007
.25E-006
.52E-006
.63E-006
Policy,
Polley.
Policy.
Polley.
Polley.
Polley.
Policy,
Polley,
Polley.
Policy.
Policy.
Polley.
Policy.
Polley.
Polley.
Polley.
Polley.
Policy.
Polley.
Polley.
Polley.
Polley.
Polley,
Policy,
Policy.
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley.
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Policy,
Polley,
Policy,
Reference
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
_J
•g Species
=>
j>
Cr:HGAPS(SU)
Cr:MGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SM)
Cr:HGAPS(SU)
Cr:MGAPS(SH)
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
is C3HF/HeCr
10 C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3H/B1Cr
C3H/B1Cr
C3H/B1Cr
C3H/BlCr
C3H/B1Cr
C3H/B1Cr
C3H/BlCr
o C3H/B1CP
i£ C3H/BlCr
o
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
96
105
107
100
85
84
50
51
52
56
51
59
59
49
69
71
48
63
50
51
53
56
54
57
47
46
66
71
46
35
35
35
34
34
34
56
70
64
61
Age
(days)
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
9.15E-P06
3.15E-006
4.20E-006
1. IDE -006
1.30E-005
1.31E-005
1.56E-008
3. 31 E -007
1.32E-006
3.02E-007
2.64E-006
2.1BE-006
2.03E-006
1.50E-006
1.89E-006
4.00E-006
4.95E-006
1.04E-005
2.25E-008
1.60E-007
9.51E-007
1.69E-006
6.38E-006
3.15E-006
2.48E-006
1.38E-006
2.10E-006
5.06E-006
1.69E-006
4. 31 E -006
6.25E-008
6.25E-008
3. 31 E -007
7.23E-007
6.40E-007
1.27E-006
1.27E-006
7.66E-007
9.02E-007
Reference
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
CO
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
VO
VO
O
O
O
CO
Species
C3H/B1Cr
C3H/B1Cr
C3H/BlCr
C3H/BlCr
C3H/BlCr
C3H/BlCr
C3H/BlCr
C3H/BlCr
C3H/BlCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeJ
C3H/HeJ
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
male
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
51
41
42
41
43
50
62
58
57
160
176
118
110
100
43
45
66
80
84
41
32
178
189
115
103
100
53
55
68
79
67
46
41
15
15
34
32
29
29
27
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
100
100
1
7
14
21
28
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
6.25E-008
2.26E-007
3.60E-007
4.56E-007
l.OOE-006
l.OOE-006
2.64E-006
1.16E-006
1.21E-006
6.25E-008
8.10E-007
2.48E-006
2.98E-006
4.84E-006
2.33E-006
1.56E-006
4. 31 E -006
3.06E-006
2.25E-006
2.81E-006
2.48E-006
5.06E-008
1.38E-006
1.56E-006
4.73E-006
6.63E-006
4.20E-006
5.76E-006
7.43E-006
1.11E-005
2.33E-006
2.72E-006
1.05E-006
l.OOE-006
l.OOE-006
8.56E-007
3. 31 E -007
4.56E-007
2.03E-006
3.06E-006
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Kutscher. 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
10
lO
o
1
— '
o
VD
O
\
CO
-^1
Species
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57B1/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57BV10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
C57B1/6CR
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
27
24
21
21
22
19
21
33
32
31
30
28
29
28
25
23
21
22
21
423
377
375
366
428
342
318
180
93
125
96
96
444
366
369
359
419
270
210
117
63
100
71
88
Age
(days)
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
2.72E-006
2.50E-007
4.41E-006
2.33E-006
4.62E-006
3.24E-006
3.90E-006
4.90E-007
2.76E-007
3.02E-007
2.72E-006
3.42E-006
1.96E-006
7.66E-007
l.OOE-006
2.89E-006
3.33E-006
2.64E-006
4.84E-006
1.23E-007
1.44E-006
1.50E-006
9. 41 E -005
5.29E-006
5.06E-006
1.85E-005
1.39E-005
9.30E-006
9.61E-006
1.52E-005
9.00E-006
1.81E-007
2.03E-006
1.63E-006
3.71E-006
1.07E-005
1.62E-005
1.07E-005
1.04E-005
8.12E-006
1.98E-005
1.11E-005
1.21E-005
Reference
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
VO
o
1
•*»
r\3
O
10
O
CO
""J
Species
C57B1/6KaCr
C57B1/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57B1/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57Bl/6KaCr
C57B1/6KaCr
C57B1/6
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/HeN
C57L/HeN
C57L/6J
C57L/6J
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
male
Number of
Animals
58
58
60
59
55
32
23
58
55
54
52
45
40
20
15
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
13
13
15
15
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
71
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
61
152
100
100
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
5.06E-008
1.10E-006
1.32E-006
2.33E-006
5.76E-006
8.12E-006
6.76E-006
4.00E-008
1.16E-006
1.56E-006
2.64E-006
1.06E-005
5.64E-006
5.18E-006
4.95E-006
1.00E-008
7.56E-008
2.26E-007
1.05E-006
3. 31 E -007
4.22E-007
6.40E-007
1.63E-006
1.76E-006
2.25E-006
2.33E-006
1.56E-008
2.25E-008
3. 91 E -007
5.62E-007
1.06E-007
2.26E-007
9.02E-007
8.10E-007
9.02E-007
1.50E-006
3.52E-006
NS
NS
1.00E-006
4.84E-006
Reference
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Hoover-Plow and Nelson, 1985
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Sllversteln, 1960
Sllversteln. 1960
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
10
10
o
co
i
GO
O
10
O
\
CO
Species
DBA/2Cr
OBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
OBA/2Cr
BBA/2Cr
DBA/2O
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
OBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
D8A/2Cr
DBA/2Cr.
DBA/2Cr
OBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2JN
DBA/2J
DBA/23
Deer
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
male
NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
423
408
478
412
436
393
242
167
149
83
89
105
407
423
470
398
451
249
165
150
139
89
64
96
9
15
15
NS
35
40
29
22
28
39
39
51
40
47
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
152
100
100
NS
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
2.02E-007
1.82E-006
2.64E-006
8.12E-006
8.56E-006
6.89E-006
1.44E-005
1.22E-005
B.12E-006
1.16E-005
7.98E-006
1.11E-005
1.81E-007
2.89E-006
2.81E-006
7.02E-006
1.09E-005
8. 41 E -006
6.63E-006
9.77E-006
8.85E-006
1.43E-005
8. 27 E -006
1.44E-005
NS
2.56E-006
4.41E-006
NS
7.56E-008
6. 01 E -007
8.10E-007
4.90E-007
3.91E-007
1.27E-006
l.OOE-006
4.52E-006
1.56E-006
1.89E-006
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Sllversteln. 1960
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Bruce, 1950
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
ID
IX)
o
C*5
1
•>
.>
O
Ifl
•^
o
^>
* >rf
>v
co
•j
Species
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
D2AKF1 Hybrid
02AKF1 Hybrid
HA/ICR
HA/ICR
House
I
HIH/PlCr
NIH/PICr
HIH/PKr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NIH/PICr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
40
35
30
25
26
38
46
49
40
44
8
8
NS
14
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
36
49
38
45
41
47
46
51
53
51
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
69
90
NS
71
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
9.00E-008
5.26E-007
1.27E-006
6.01E-007
3.03E-007
l.OOE-006
4.00E-006
2.64E-006
4.52E-006
3.52E-006
NS
NS
l.OOE-004
3.71E-006
l.OOE-008
2.76E-007
2.03E-006
2.18E-006
l.OOE-006
2.03E-006
1.44E-006
1.38E-006
2.25E-008
2.02E-007
1.21E-006
6.40E-007
2.64E-006
2.03E-006
2.48E-006
1.76E-006
1.56E-008
6.25E-008
3.91E-007
6. 81 E -007
1.10E-006
1.27E-006
3.06E-006
3.52E-006
1.56E-006
l.OOE-006
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Falrchlld. 1972
Falrchlld, 1972
Tolmasoff et al., 1980
Hoover-Plow and Nelson, 1985
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 {cont.)
_l
id
IO
o
>
CO
1
-p»
en
o
VO
V.
0
I\J
CO
Species
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NZW/Cr
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
37
53
36
42
42
45
49
47
47
48
43
49
48
46
46
49
48
51
56
54
42
42
46
46
46
44
45
52
50
49
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
567
614
614
659
750
389
395
399
709
842
933
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
1.56E-008
1.00E-008
5.63E-007
9. 51 E -007
9.02E-007
2.64E-006
3.06E-006
1.56E-006
1.56E-006
1.27E-006
3.06E-008
1.41E-007
4.23E-007
9. 51 E -007
2.03E-006
1.56E-006
1.89E-006
l.OOE-006
1.50E-006
1.69E-006
6.25E-008
6.25E-008
7.66E-007
1.63E-006
2.81E-006
6.63E-006
4.00E-006
1.56E-006
7.66E-007
7.66E-007
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS. 1971
NAS, 1971
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cent.)
v£>
O
o
O
C5
— J
Species
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
PRI/PICr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
Sex
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
5
NS
45
44
41
33
29
26
25
23
23
31
29
33
47
46
45
44
30
26
29
23
21
20
22
24
69
74
67
69
76
74
77
70
68
Age
(days)
NS
NS
NS
NS
3
NS
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.25E-006
1.56E-006
1.56E-008
1.27E-006
2.48E-006
6.40E-007
5. 41 E -006
4.84E-006
2.64E-006
1.89E-006
2.50E-007
4.84E-006
7.70E-006
5.52E-006
3.06E-008
1.16E-006
3.06E-006
1.05E-006
5.64E-006
5.18E-006
1.27E-006
1.82E-006
3.90E-006
2.40E-006
2.64E-006
1.50E-006
5.06E-008
3.60E-007
1.56E-008
5.63E-007
8.56E-007
6.25E-006
5.06E-006
3.52E-006
3.06E-006
Reference
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Hortola, 1984
Bruce, 1950
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
O
3>
CO
1
"-1
O
i®
0
\
CD
«^j
Species
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
70
75
83
69
68
73
82
74
73
79
79
79
75
72
65
71
84
64
71
51
46
59
48
41
53
46
50
51
49
46
45
47
49
49
55
53
61
49
49
53
50
49
Age
(days)
63
70
77
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
3.06E-006
2.64E-006
3.06E-006
5.64E-006
1.27E-006
3.06E-OOB
1.60E-007
1.41E-007
1.50E-006
1.76E-006
4.00E-006
4.00E-006
4.00E-006
4.52E-006
2.25E-006
2.25E-006
4. OOE -006
3.06E-006
2.25E-006
5.06E-008
4. OOE -008
4.90E-007
1.16E-006
1. OOE -006
1.89E-006
1.56E-006
1.89E-006
2.25E-006
3.06E-006
3.52E-006
3.06E-006
3.06E-006
4. OOE -006
4. OOE -008
5.06E-008
1.56E-008
1.05E-006
9. 51 E -007
1. OOE -006
2.25E-006
1.89E-006
1.89E-006
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
to
o
a»
co
i
CO
O
ID
o
r\3
co
Species
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/Cr
STR/N
STR/N
STR/1N
STR/1N
SUR/J
SWR/J
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
male
female
male
female
female
female
female
female
Number of
Animals
51
44
54
41
51
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
12
12
13
8
15
15
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
63
70
77
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
61
152
152
152
100
100
21
28
42
56
112
Height
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
3.06E-006
4.00E-006
3.06E-006
4.00E-006
4.00E-006
4.00E-008
2.50E-007
5.63E-007
1.27E-006
3.52E-006
3.52E-006
3.90E-006
4.95E-006
5.52E-006
3.06E-008
2.50E-007
3.91E-007
2.25E-006
4.00E-006
5.64E-006
5.06E-006
6.25E-006
6.89E-006
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.96E-006
4. 41 E -006
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Sllvcrsteln. 1960
Sllversteln, 1960
Sllversteln, 1960
Sllversteln. 1960
Kutscher. 1974
Kutscher. 1974
HAS, 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS, 1978
-------
TABLE 3-2 (cont.)
_J
£>
a
3
>
CO
10
O
o
Species
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
White-footed
White-footed
White-footed
White-footed
White-footed
White-footed
White
White
White
White
White
White
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
ZWZBF1 Hybrid
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Number of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
16
4
16
17
13
10
8
8
8
8
8
8
43
43
43
46
49
48
48
40
49
42
42
42
48
41
42
45
45
45
41
42
Age
(days)
21
28
42
56
112
102
159
184
268
394
411
70
113
396
70
113
396
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
Weight
(kg)
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
7.23E-005
6.25E-006
1.69E-006
8.28E-005
6.89E-005
5.18E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
5.06E-008
7.56E-008
1.23E-007
8.10E-007
8. IDE -007
1.27E-006
1.27E-006
1.56E-006
3.52E-006
3.52E-006
1.22E-007
1.23E-007
1.22E-007
5.26E-007
7.23E-007
6.89E-006
1.56E-006
l.OOE-006
7.66E-007
7.66E-007
Reference
NAS. 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS, 1978
Steger et al. 1980
Steger et al. 1980
Steger et al. 1980
Steger et al. 1980
Steger et al. 1980
Steger et al. 1980
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner.
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
1957
1957
1957
1957
1957
1957
NS = Not specified
-------
u.ua —
Oft/^ _
OAJ _
]
OftOC _
OftS —
nrt rtO« _
V.VbJ
K
OA<^ —
0/VJ —
trp-o
i
:
i
i
• 1
•*\
|i i.
''ill'
-Will
P&I
•W1
fl
Ft
f !
/ i
i
-
• •
• s
il
i-r
•i1-
'•
|!
!•'•
«
: :
i i
•!.!•.
•! i
• i i
i : •
! *
' * '
1 J. '' '
• " J *
• : *
•*' >.
• ! :
• : i
• • : •
i i
• • •
i !•
i !
i !
: ;
i 1
i i
: :
i !
i i
: :
! :
• •
i i
i j
| i
..... | j
! !
•
•
•
..
•
•
• •
• •
•
•
•
i
I I I I I I I I I
100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0 1000.0
IN MYS
FIGURE 3-16
Body Height Data on Hale and Female Mice
(See Table 3-2 for data points and references)
1990A
3-50
09/02/87
-------
For the purposes of estimating body weights over the Hfespan, the most
relevant data are provided by Cameron et al. (1985). This publication
provides growth data on thousands of male and female B6C3F1 mice that were
used as vehicle and untreated controls 1n bloassays for carclnogenlclty.
These bloassays were sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and con-
ducted from 1971-1981. Body weight measurements were recorded from 6-110
weeks of age. The data summarized In Table 3-2 were estimated from Figures
1 and 2 1n Cameron et al. (1985). Not all points from these figures are
summarized In this report, but the points that are summarized adequately
reflect the overall growth curve. For female mice, only the curve from the
untreated animals was used, since the vehicle control female mice had a
somewhat lower body weight than the untreated controls from weeks 26-110.
Most toxlclty studies on mice, as well as other small laboratory
rodents, are conducted over standard exposure periods. For subchronlc
studies, weanling mice are usually exposed for 90 days. For chronic toxlc-
lty studies, weanling mice are usually exposed for 2 years or -730 days.
Consequently, standard reference values will be recommended for both kinds
of studies. For subchronlc toxldty studies, the recommended body weight
will be the TWA body weight from 21 days of age (the recommended age for
weanling mice) to 111 days of age (90 days postweanlng). This will be
referred to as the recommended "subchronlc" body weight. The corresponding
recommended "chronic" body weight will refer to the TWA body weight from
21-751 days of age. Recommended subchronlc and chronic body weights for
various strains of mice are presented 1n Table 3-3.
The recommended chronic and subchronlc body weights for B6C3F1 mice are
calculated directly from a composite of the data provided by Polley (1972)
(days 1-42) and Cameron et al. (1985) (days 42-770). These data are
presented In Figures 3-17 and 3-18, for male and female mice, respectively.
1990A 3-51 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-3
10
VO
o
>
CO
i
tn
r>o
0
to
\
o
I\3
Strain
AKD2F1
AKD2F1
AKR/LwCr
AKR/LwCr
AL/NCr
AL/NCr
A/JCr
A/JCr
BAF1 Hybrid
BAF1 Hybrid
BALB/cAnCr
BALB/cAnCr
B6AKF1
B6AKF1
r
Sex
F
M
F
H
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
(erereiiit; vd u
Weight
at Birth
0.002
0.02
0.0014
0.0015
0.0014
0.0015
0.0012
0.0012
0.0021
0.0022
0.0017
0.0013
0.0019
0.0019
jeb ri
ui ouuy ne
Height at
Heanlng
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0085
.095
.0087
.0090
.0088
.0096
.0126
.0137
.0067
.0077
.0108
.0113
.0077
.0080
lynib
ur vdiiuub
Subchronic TWA
Body Weight
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.209
.0246
.0222
.0252
.0251
.0274
.0224
.0243
.0204
.0223
.0200
.0218
.0210
.0234
iird ii
lib ur met
Chronic TWA
Body Weight
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.233*
.0308*
.0259*
.0320*
.0318*
.0364*
.0263*
.0302*
.0222*
.0261*
.0214*
.0251*
.0235*
.0283*
*
Reference
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
CO
-------
TABLE 3-3 (cont.)
10
IO
0
CO
1
tn
co
09/02/8
Strain
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
CBA/JCr
CBA/JCr
CBF1
CBF1
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:GP(S). Swiss
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
Cr:HGAPS(SW)
C3HF/HeCr
C3HF/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
C3H/HeCr
Sex
F
H
F
M
F
H
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
Weight
at Birth
0.0014
0.0014
0.0026
0.0030
0.0030
0.0030
0.0019
0.0019
0.0016
0.0018
0.0019
0.0020
0.0015
0.0015
Weight at
Weaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0093
.0103
.0106
.0113
.0105
.0112
.0096
.0107
.0091
.0092
.0106
.0121
.0079
.0109
Subchronlc TWA
Body Weight
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0246
0316
0231
0263
0218
0254
0246
0270
0222
0246
0181
0205
0255
0267
Chronic TWA
Body Weight
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0353
.0373
.0277*
.0342*
.0251*
.0324*
.0308*
.0356*
.0259*
.0308*
.0176*
.0224*
.0326*
.0350*
Reference
Policy,
Cameron
Polley,
Cameron
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
1972;
et al., 1985
1972;
et al., 1985
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
TABLE 3-3 (cent.)
10
VO
o
03
1
en
09/02/8
Strain
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/10ScCr
C57Bl/6Cr
C57Bl/6Cr
C57L/Cr
C57L/Cr
DBA/2Cr
DBA/2Cr
D2AKF1
D2AKF1
NZB/Cr
NZB/Cr
NZH/Cr
NZH/Cr
PRI/PlCr
Sex
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
Weight
at Birth
0.0014
0.0014
0.0014
0.0015
0.0017
0.0018
0.0014
0.0015
0.0017
0.0016
0.0015
0.0015
0.0020
0.0021
0.0015
Height at
Heanlng
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0119
.0122
.0082
.0094
.0095
.0103
.0095
.0097
.0075
.0080
.0103
.0113
.0109
.0115
.0148
Subchronlc THA
Body Height
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0233
.0269
.0198
.0220
.0190
.0207
.0214
.0225
.0209
.0240
.0255
.0286
.0255
.0285
.0284
Chronic THA
Body Height
0
0
0
0
.0281*
.0354*
.0210*
.0255*
0.0194*
0.0229*
0.0243*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.0265*
.0233*
.0295*
.0326*
.0389*
.0326*
.0387*
.0385*
Reference
Policy,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Policy,
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
TABLE 3-3 (cont.)
o
3>
i
Strain
PRI/PlCr
SJL/JCr
SJL/JCr
SH/JCr
SH/JCr
Various Inbred
Various Inbred
ZWZBF1
ZWZBF1
Sex
M
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
M
Weight
at Birth
0.0015
0.0018
0.0017
0.0017
0.0016
0.0027
0.0027
Weight at
Weaning
0.0158
0.0116
0.0120
0.0088
0.0100
0.0102
0.0110
0.0067
0.0078
Subchronlc TWA
Body Weight
0.0302
0.0206
0.0243
0.0165
0.0182
0.0220
0.0240
0.0235
0.0333
Chronic TWA
Body Weight
0.0421*
0.0227*
0.0302*
0.0143*
0.0178*
0.0255*
0.0295*
0.0285*
0.0484*
Reference
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
*Recommended chronic body weights based on the equation, BWch = -0.019*2.03 BWsub, where BWch Is the
recommended chronic body and BWsub Is the recommended subchronlc body weight.
o
\
o
\
CD
-------
0.043
I
o.s
I
1.0 1.5
MI IN YIAXS
FIGURE 3-17
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale B6C3F1 Mice
[Data from Polley (1972) and Cameron et al. (1985)]
1990A
3-56
09/02/87
-------
0.045
0.04 •
0.03S
J 0.03 -
if
0.025
n
X 0.02 -
0.015
0.01 -
5I~3 -
0.5
•frr
1 I—
i.O 1.5
ME IN YIASS
Oj 0
2.0
2.5
FIGURE 3-18
Recommended Growth Curve for Female B6C3F1 Mice
[Data from Policy (1972) and Cameron et al. (1985)]
1990A
3-57
09/02/87
-------
In both' of these figures and In the calculation of recommended body weights,
the Polley (1972) data for B6C3F1 mice at day 42 and following are omitted.
These data are omitted because body weights at day 42 In Policy (1972) are
substantially higher for both sexes than body weights at day 42 In the
publication by Cameron et al. (1985). And the latter study 1s given
preference because of the far greater numbers of animals used to estimate
the tfSay "weight.
Recommended subchronlc body weights also are provided In Table 3-3 and
are calculated directly from the Policy (1972) data and from composite
growth data on various strains of Inbred mice reported by NAS (1978). Data
are not available to directly calculate recommended chronic body weights for
any of these other strains of mice.
Chronic body weights could be estimated by assuming that the ratio of
chronic to subchronlc body weights Is the same as that observed 1n male and
female B6C3F1 mice. In the growth data on rats, summarized In Section
3.2.2., substantial variation Is apparent 1n the ratios of recommended
chronic to subchronlc body weights among male and female Sprague-Dawley and
Fischer rats, as well as male Wlstar rats. In addition, this variation
seems likely to occur among strains of mice.
As an alternative to that approach, recommended chronic body weights for
mice and rats were estimated from the observed relationship between sub-
chronic and chronic body weights for B6C3F1 mice and the strains of rats
specified above. This relationship and associated summary statistics are
given 1n Figure 3-19. From this relationship, the recommended chronic body
weights are based on the equation:
BWch * -0.019 + 2.03BWsub (3-2)
where BWch 1s the recommended chronic body weight and BWsub Is the recom-
mended subchronlc body weight.
1990A 3-58 09/02/87
-------
Kesression of KT730 on WT90
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
i- • i i • i i i i T-
1X1 i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i t I i i i i '
0.05
0.1
0.15
UCT90
0.2
0.25
0.3
FIGURE 3-19
Relationship of "Subchronlc" to "Chronic"
Time-Weighted Average Body Heights for Mice and Rats
(See text for definition and discussion of terms)
1990A
3-59
09/02/87
-------
This approach assumes that the ratio of subchronlc to chronic body
weights will generally be the same for males and females. Hale B6C3F1
mice, however, exhibit a marked plateau 1n growth (see Figure 3-17) not seen
1n female mice (see Figure 3-18). A similar pattern 1s seen In human males
(see Figure 3-5) and females (see Figure 3-6) as well as 1n other species,
as discussed In subsequent sections. This fact suggests that sex-specific
body weight estimates may be more appropriate than the general approach
given above. Given the small number of available sex-specific strain
comparisons, however, a clear pattern Is not apparent.
Since toxldty studies commonly give Initial or weanling weights without
giving final or average body weights, the relationship of weanling weight to
recommended subchronlc weight was examined. This relationship 1s Illus-
trated 1n Figure 3-20 for rats and mice combined. The high correlation
coefficient Is due to the clustering of the rat and mouse data. WHhln
either species, the correlation Is poor. Consequently, the use of weanling
weight to estimate recommended body weights Is not proposed.
Recommended body weights for mice, when the strain Is not specified or
when recommended weights are not available on the specified strain, should
be based on the recommended weights for male and female B6C3F1 mice. These
weights are the best documented and are near the average for all mice
strains combined.
3.2.2. Rats. The U.S. EPA (1980) has recommended a reference body weight
of 0.35 kg for adult rats. Other reported reference values are 0.45 (ARS
Sprague-Dawley, 1974), 0.25 (Boxenbaum, 1983) and 0.40 kg (Lehman, 1959).
As with mice, a substantial amount of Information 1s available on the
growth of rats. These data are summarized 1n Table 3-4 and plotted In
Figure 3-21. Body weights of rats seem to vary more than those of mice.
1990A 3-60 09/02/87
-------
Stsression of SUBCH on BANINC
0.3
0.25
0.2
>
I 0.15
0.1
0.05 -
I I I I I I I
ri ,,,,,,, |.,B, ,,_
i \A i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i I i i i i '
0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
FIGURE 3-20
Relationship of Body Height at Weaning to Recommended
Subchronlc Body Weight for Various Strains of Mice and Rats
1990A
3-61
09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-4
Growth and Body Weight Data on Rats
vC
vO
O
>
CO
1
CT»
f\>
O
ID
>v
O
ro
>>.
CO
«J
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
ACP
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC!
ACT
ACT
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
AC1
Species
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
9935/Cr
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
20
21
23
31
31
24
25
21
27
21
24
21
20
24
26
20
32
24
25
23
21
26
27
25
28
2B
28
28
28
28
28
28
28
27
27
27
32
32
32
32
32
32
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
Weight
(kg)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00510
.01030
.01990
.03300
.04460
.08770
.12490
.13780
.16380
.18120
.21330
.25310
.00520
.01190
.02120
.03410
.04640
.09100
.12790
.18800
.23070
.25870
.28810
.30970
.00530
.00930
.02180
.03420
.04830
.09180
.12730
.14390
.16530
.19110
.20900
0.24830
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00540
.01070
.02350
.03570
.04930
.09510
Variance
2
a
3
3
1
1
2
.25E-008
.56E-007
.61E-006
.90E-006
.62E-005
.40E-004
.22E-004
1.24E-004
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
3
2
7
1
3
4
1
1
2
2
3
8
1
2
1
1
7
7
5
5
9
6
5
1
1
6
5
.37E-004
.76E-004
.69E-004
.12F-004
.56E-008
.10E-006
.62E-006
.61E-006
.92E-005
.92E-005
.81E-004
.11E-004
.OOE-004
.40E-004
.70E-004
.34E-004
.50E-009
.03E-007
.10E-007
.63E-006
.26E-007
.85E-005
.11E-004
.92E-005
.98E-006
.44E-005
.85E-005
.03E-005
.25E-010
.26E-007
.41E-007
.10E-006
.01E-007
.04E-005
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy.
- Policy.
Policy,
Policy.
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Reference
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
10
10
o
S»
to
1
Cf
CO
o
1C
^^
^^
O
ro
^^
CD
Species
AC! 9935/Cr
AC! 9935/Cr
AC! 9935/Cr
AC1 9935/Cr
AC1 9935/Cr
AC1 9935/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28B07/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28B07/Cr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
3?
31
31
29
29
29
35
35
35
35
25
31
45
36
29
36
31
28
35
35
35
35
35
28
25
35
37
43
29
32
34
37
43
32
31
28
28
24
26
28
24
28
25
Age
(days)
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
Weight
(kg)
0.13070
0.19590
0.23380
0.26710
0.28920
0.30880
0.00710
0.01800
0.03030
0.05350
0.07980
0.12140
0.17260
0.20930
0.24130
0.24680
0.25740
0.26420
0.00720
0.01910
0.03270
0.05530
0.08160
0.15800
0.19680
0.26950
0.33200
0.35980
0.38570
0.39690
0.00590
0.01250
0.02700
0.04040
0.06390
0.11200
0.12890
0.15120
0.16280
0.18800
0.19860
0.20680
0.22820
Variance
1.13E-004
4. 61 E -004
4.68E-004
3.75E-005
2.30E-005
8.06E-005
1.60E-007
2.26E-007
1.96E-006
2.53E-005
4.36E-005
7.29E-006
2.06E-004
2.73E-004
1.93E-004
1.33E-004
7.27E-005
6.32E-005
9.00E-008
1.41E-007
2.25E-006
2.05E-005
5.04E-005
8.88E-005
1.43E-004
3.14E-004
1.89E-004
1.29E-004
1.08E-004
7. 61 E -005
5.26E-007
6.38E-006
1.04E-005
2.86E-005
7.92E-005
9.65E-005
2.68E-005
1.07E-004
6.40E-005
5.85E-005
3.60E-005
6.05E-OOr,
5.11E-005
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
ip Species
•Z*
CO
1
en
o
i0
o
i\j
CO
August
August
August
August
August
August
August
August
August
August
August
August
August
Bald
Bald
Bald
Bald
Bald
Bald
Bald
Bald
BHE
BHE
BHE
BHE
BHE
BHE
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
28807/Cr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
Ho. of
Animals
35
33
32
32
25
27
28
25
24
22
27
23
25
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
27
38
45
29
37
45
1
1
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
30
91
183
365
30
91
183
365
50
100
300
50
100
300
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
Weight
(kg)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00610
.01380
.02860
.04260
.06770
.13260
.19150
.23650
.26540
.30040
.32620
.34010
.36440
.05000
.22000
.26000
.28000
.06000
.29000
.31000
.39000
.16900
.24000
.31900
.23200
.36400
.49900
.00400
.00600
.00800
.00900
.01100
.01200
.01300
.01500
.01700
.02000
.02300
.02600
.02800
.03000
.03100
Variance
4
4
1
2
4
1
1
2
4
2
1
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
2
.90E-007
.52E-006
.50E-005
.92E-005
.69E-005
.19E-004
.30E-004
.89E-004
.31E-004
.66E-004
.58E-004
.19E-004
.73E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
.60E-005
.50E-005
.50E-005
.60E-005
.50E-005
.50E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Inazu et al.
Inazu et al.
Inazu et al.
Inazu et al.
Inazu et al.
Inazu et al.
Inazu et al.
Inazu et al.
HAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS. 1971
HAS, 1971
Worden. 1947
Worden. 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden. 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden. 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden. 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden. 1947
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
_l
vO
VD
O
O3
1
^n
o
tO
w*»
^.
o
IS_5
• >J
-v
CD
-J
Species
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
Sex
female
Female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
29
27
26
27
45
29
34
Age
(days)
31
33
35
65
96
126
157
188
247
308
338
369
1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
65
96
126
157
188
216
247
369
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
Weight
(kg)
0.03300
0.03600
0.03700
0.10800
0.17000
0.19000
0.19600
0.19300
0.19300
0.19700
0.19700
0.19700
0.00500
0.00700
0.00900
0.01100
0.01400
0.01800
0.02000
0.02200
0.02300
0.02500
0.02600
0.02800
0.02900
0.03100
0.03300
0.03600
0.04000
0.12000
0.19000
0.20100
0.20800
0.20200
0.20000
0.20400
0.21100
0.00610
0.01280
0.02800
0.04370
0.06200
0.09680
0.12860
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
5.63E-007
6.25E-006
1.81E-005
3.16E-005
5.26E-005
5. 81 E -005
9.02E-005
Reference
Worden. 1947
Worden, 1947
Horden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden. 1947
Worden. 1947
Worden. 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Worden, 1947
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cent.)
_l
v£)
CO
1
CT-
CT*
o
VO
>v
o
•h. «
Species
BH/Cr
BH/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
29
35
25
24
24
30
29
27
25
43
29
38
34
33
26
25
25
35
35
35
35
35
29
28
36
39
38
32
35
35
35
35
35
35
24
22
30
26
31
30
30
Age
(days)
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
Weight
(kg)
0.15210
0.16730
0.17910
0.18760
0.20680
0.00620
0.01390
0.02900
0.04480
0.06730
0.12420
0.19340
0.24740
0.26440
0.30400
0.32170
0.34110
0.00550
0.01210
0.02240
0.02780
0.05940
0.11970
0.15200
0.17860
0.22690
0.23770
0.24640
0.25210
0.00640
0.01330
0.02620
0.04480
0.07430
0.13940
0.19170
0.25310
0.32890
0.33380
0.37440
0.38860
Variance
1.32E-004
6.81E-005
9.03E-005
1.38E-004
1.16E-004
5.63E-007
6.89E-006
2.14E-005
3.02E-005
1.16E-004
1.63E-004
1.35E-004
6.89E-004
5.18E-004
5.29E-004
2.10E-004
4.10E-004
1.56E-008
1.06E-007
5.88E-006
8.41E-006
6.12E-005
8.51E-005
1.51E-004
2.12E-004
1.54E-004
1.40E-004
1.61E-004
1.36E-004
1.56E-008
9.00E-008
3. 61 E -006
3.57E-005
6.89E-005
5.08E-005
1.54E-004
1.63E-004
4.30E-004
2.21E-004
3.62E-004
2.72E-004
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
CO
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
w
I
o
ro
Species
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Cpb:WU
Cpb-.WU
Cpb:UU
CrtHGAPS(OH)
Cr:MGAPS(OH)
Cr:HGAPS(ON)
Cr:MGAPS(OH)
Cr:MGAPS(OM)
Cr:MGAPS(OM)
Cr:MGAPS(OH)
Cr:MGAPS(OM)
Cr:HGAPS(ON)
Cr:MGAPS(OM)
Cr:HGAPS(ON)
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:MGAPS(OM)
Cr:MGAPS(OH)
Cr:MGAPS(OH)
Cr:MGAPS(OH)
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
27
28
25
24
26
25
25
25
25
25
25
24
25
26
27
31
26
1
1
1
21
21
21
21
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
21
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
365
456
456
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
1
7
14
21
28
Height
(kg)
0.00570
0.01290
0.02440
0.02660
0.04850
0.09450
0.15940
0.17890
0.18570
0.19980
0.22660
0.23330
0.00580
0.01410
0.02720
0.03070
0.05500
0.10470
0.20380
0.24000
0.26960
0.28300
0.31000
0.33460
0.62800
0.65600
0.65600
0.00580
0.01090
0.03320
0.04840
0.06390
0.11370
0.17520
0.21550
0.25800
0.28380
0.29910
0.00610
0.01160
0.03540
0.05510
0.07910
Variance
5.62E-009
8.56E-007
6. 81 E -007
4.52E-006
2.48E-005
1.06E-004
8.60E-005
5.08E-005
4.94E-005
7.48E-005
1.62E-004
9.26E-005
5.62E-009
1.05E-006
1.38E-006
3.52E-006
1.14E-005
8.10E-005
1.70E-004
1.40E-004
2.14E-005
1.18E-004
1.36E-004
7. 01 E -005
NS
NS
NS
2.76E-007
1.56E-006
1.23E-005
3.75E-005
4.26E-005
2.63E-005
2.72E-004
5.12E-004
4.36E-004
3.95E-004
3.85E-004
4.22E-007
1.56E-006
1.41E-005
9.00E-006
7.23E-005
Reference
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Haas et al.. 1985
Haas et al., 1985
Haas et al.. 1985
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cent.)
_J
VO
IO
o
>
w
1
/T\
w *
CO
o
LD
>v
O
I\J
>^
CD
-J
Species
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr.-RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
20
20
20
20
20
20
49
51
46
43
44
49
54
47
57
38
42
40
33
54
46
56
47
47
55
48
41
53
49
37
45
31
3167
3167
3167
3167
3167
3167
3167
3167
3167
3167
3167
Age
(days)
42
56
70
84
112
140
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
42
56
70
77
91
119
147
217
315
567
770
Height
(kg)
0.14350
0.23670
0.28120
0.32740
0.39280
0.46190
0.00650
0.01600
0.04080
0.05560
0.09490
0.15340
0.20200
0.23910
0.24660
0.25990
0.28120
0.28840
0.29180
0.00670
0.01820
0.04300
0.05940
0.09890
0.16230
0.23570
0.29270
0.35870
0.38800
0.43940
0.45200
0.49120
0.07500
0.10000
0.12000
0.14500
0.16500
0.18500
0.19000
0.21500
0.22500
0.28000
0.30500
Variance
5.44E-005
5. 01 E -004
4.10E-004
4.36E-004
7.16E-004
1.14E-003
2.26E-007
1.09E-005
2.03E-005
2.03E-005
2.18E-004
3.42E-005
1.94E-005
1.46E-004
1.68E-004
1.28E-004
1.03E-004
4.36E-005
4.16E-005
2.50E-007
2.81E-006
5.81E-005
7.98E-006
1.13E-004
3.00E-004
1.78E-004
2.32E-004
2.88E-004
3.48E-004
1.91E-004
1.31E-004
2.07E-004
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
Cameron et al.
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
vO
vO
O
,
CO
1
er«
ID
o
i^
o
^
CO
_J
Species
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344 .
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
3167
3167
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
120
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
3225
Age
(days)
770
770
77
91
112
161
196
238
280
322
102
28
35
56
70
84
49
119
189
259
329
399
469
539
609
679
749
819
889
959
1029
42
56
77
91
112
133
140
147
217
259
343
427
525
602
Weight
(kg)
0.30500
0.30500
0.14610
0.15790
0.16670
0.18000
0.19080
0.19400
0.20140
0.20690
0.16695
0.04400
0.06500
0.12300
0.14500
0.16200
0.12000
0.18000
0.20500
0.21000
0.23500
0.26500
0.28000
0.31000
0.32500
0.33000
0.33000
0.32500
0.32000
0.31000
0.28500
0.07500
0.12500
0.18000
0.23000
0.26000
0.29000
0.31000
0.32500
0.35500
0.38000
0.41000
0.41500
0.42000
0.42000
Variance
NS
NS
NS
2.02E-004
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.33E-006
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Cameron et al , 1985
Cameron et al , 1985
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Horrlssey and Norred, 1984
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
Cameron et al. 1985
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
10
VO
0
Vs
— J
.,
o,
lfv
o
v^
00
Species
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer F344
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
3225
3225
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
529
10
10
10
10
10
20
10
20
68
45
45
61
58
60
58
Age
(days)
693
770
77
91
112
161
196
238
280
322
28
35
56
70
84
49
119
189
259
329
399
469
539
609
679
749
819
889
959
32
37
55
59
74
98
126
135
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
Height
(Kg)
0.42500
0.41000
0.21840
0.24850
0.27980
0.31780
0.34280
0.36630
0.38880
0.40950
0.05300
0.08000
0.16000
0.21300
0.25600
0.13000
0.31000
0.35500
0.38500
0.42000
0.42500
0.46000
0.47000
0.46000
0.46800
0.43500
0.42500
0.39000
0.34500
0.07200
0.09570
0.16760
0.16810
0.20160
0.27170
0.30450
0.30310
0.00550
0.01130
0.02010
0.02990
0.04770
0.08630
0.12550
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.94E-005
1.23E-005
3.48E-005
1.68E-005
2.30E-005
2.13E-004
2.10E-004
1.37E-004
3. 31 E -007
1. IDE -006
4.52E-006
1.70E-005
1.64E-005
1.47E-004
1.63E-004
Reference
Cameron et al , 1985
Cameron et al , 1985
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS. 1978
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Solleveld et al. 1984
Tlllerey and Lehnert, 1986
Tlllerey and Lehnert, 1986
Tlllerey and Lehnert, 1986
Tlllerey and Lehnert, 1986
Tlllerey and Lehnert, 1986
Tlllerey and Lehnert, 1986
Tlllerey and Lehnert, 1986
Tlllerey and Lehnert, 1986
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
_J
o
3>
l
-»l
O
trt
VtJ
V.
o
>».
00
Species
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
Fischer 334/Cr
F334/CM Lov
F 334/Cr 1 Lov
F334/CM Lov
F334/CM Lov
F 334/Cr 1 Lov
F334/Crl Lov
F334/CM Lov
F334/CM Lov
F 334/Cr 1 Lov
F334/CM Lov
F334/CH Lov
F334/CM Lov
Holtzman
Holtzman
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
both
both
both
both
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
46
42
66
54
54
75
48
38
52
49
48
66
56
46
66
53
56
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
11
11
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
Age
(days)
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
91
183
365
730
91
183
365
730
91
183
365
730
200
200
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
Height
(kg)
0.14830
0.15310
0.18050
0.21500
0.21890
0.00590
0.01200
0.02630
0.03070
0.05420
0.10510
0.18110
0.24450
0.20590
0.30420
0.31300
0.33540
0.14500
0.19900
0.21900
0.25500
0.29100
0.33600
0.36800
0.40700
0.18200
0.26700
0.29300
0.33100
0.22400
0.22400
0.00610
0.01370
0.02860
0.03830
0.06140
0.12690
0.16870
0.20050
0.23820
0.25280
0.26260
Variance
2.05E-004
2.48E-004
8.10E-005
3.60E-005
7.66E-005
1.27E-006
l.OOE-006
1.23E-005
1.41E-005
4.90E-005
1.17E-004
1.82E-004
5.64E-004
1.91E-004
4.90E-005
9.03E-005
2.89E-004
7.29E-004
2.56E-004
3.24E-004
6.25E-004
3. 61 E -004
1.23E-003
4.84E-004
7.84E-004
2.12E-003
5.18E-003
5.93E-003
6.56E-003
1.76E-005
1.76E-005
5.26E-007
6.89E-006
7.29E-006
4.62E-005
6.05E-005
8.56E-006
1.76E-004
5.43E-004
1.80E-004
3.54E-004
3.19E-004
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
nauderly, 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Nauderly. 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Harrlman. 1969b
HarMman, 1969b
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
_J
tD
VD
O
>
C*3
1
-J
l\.5
rw
o
ID
"v
Species
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
54
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
Age
(days)
182
304
335
365
395
426
456
487
517
548
578
608
639
669
700
730
760
791
821
852
882
913
943
973
1004
1034
1065
1095
1125
1156
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
Weight
(kg)
0.41000
0.45000
0.47500
0.50000
0.51000
0.51500
0.53000
0.54000
0.55000
0.54500
0.56000
0.57500
0.57500
0.58000
0.58500
0.59000
0.59000
0.59500
0.60000
0.59000
0.57500
0.55000
0.53500
0.53500
0.49500
0.52000
0.51000
0.48500
0.50000
0.48000
0.00660
0.01470
0.03140
0.04000
0.07240
0.15190
0.23040
0.29670
0.33660
0.36210
0.38430
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
6. 01 E -007
4.84E-006
1.62E-005
5.15E-005
5.04E-005
8.02E-003
4.19E-004
4. BSE -004
2.58E-004
3.07E-004
3.53E-004
Reference
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1985
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith. 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Holloszy and Smith, 1986
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
O
I\3
CO
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
_J
v£i
lO
O
>
CO
1
— J
CO
O
vo
N^
O
r\>
CO
Species
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
30
26
28
27
34
26
26
24
27
25
24
26
28
26
28
31
21
26
26
25
24
25
27
23
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
Weight
(kg)
0.00590
0.01430
0.02370
0.03280
0.05470
0.11510
0.12460
0.15480
0.16680
0.20980
0.23150
0.25460
0.00600
0.01630
0.02600
0.04070
0.06190
0.13350
0.19230
0.24600
0.29560
0.33030
0.36990
0.37880
0.00580
0.01240
0.02360
0.02750
0.04490
0.09360
0.14960
0.16090
0.17230
0.19410
0.20280
0.22660
0.00580
0.01310
0.02520
0.02830
0.04620
0.10180
0.19520
0.22060
Variance
6. 81 E -007
3.42E-006
1.24E-005
1.21E-005
9.00E-006
2.35E-005
5.48E-005
7.88E-005
1.02E-004
1.43E-004
2.05E-004
1.11E-004
5.63E-007
4.20E-006
1.14E-005
Z.50E-005
5.06E-006
4.62E-005
3.12E-004
2.10E-004
2.88E-004
4.32E-004
5.03E-004
3.76E-004
1.00E-008
l.OOE-008
1.23E-007
2.26E-007
1.28E-005
8.98E-005
7.70E-006
5.40E-005
3.14E-005
2. 21 E -005
2.48E-005
2.97E-005
2.50E-009
7.56E-008
3.91E-007
1.76E-006
1.54E-005
5.08E-005
6.68E-005
1.58E-005
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
PoUey, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
vO
VD
to
1
•>
O
O
\
ca
Species
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Osborne-Hendel
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
NS
NS
NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
25
25
25
25
NS
NS
NS
35
31
8
6
4
24
24
24
24
24
26
31
26
32
27
26
25
31
24
24
24
24
24
27
24
25
26
28
26
31
24
Age
(days)
84
112
140
168
21
42
63
91
91
11
4
2
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
Height
(kg)
0.24890
0.27910
0.29130
0.31550
0.03138
0.10157
0.18182
0.23770
0.24980
0.02400
0.01400
0.00720
0.00640
0.01590
0.04960
0.05200
0.08790
0.13950
0.18920
0.23560
0.25910
0.27440
0.29450
0.30170
0.30540
0.00640
0.01730
0.05170
0.05300
0.09430
0.15360
0.22970
0.29550
0.37290
0.39930
0.45130
0.47680
0.50350
Variance
4.03E-005
4.52E-005
6.89E-005
4.52E-005
NS
NS
NS
8.76E-004
8.70E-004
2.12E-003
4.00E-006
l.OOE-008
3.03E-007
4.95E-006
4.95E-006
5.64E-006
6.12E-005
1.81E-005
2.18E-004
2. 21 E -004
9.22E-005
2.14E-004
8.79E-005
4.22E-005
6.44E-005
2.50E-007
2.56E-006
2.72E-006
6.13E-006
5.81E-005
1.41E-004
5.05E-004
4.55E-004
2.62E-004
5.76E-004
2.18E-004
1.29E-004
1.16E-004
Reference
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Rlos et al.. 1986a
Rlos et al.. 1986a
Rlos et al.. 1986a
Rlos et al.. 1986b
Rlos ct al.. 1986b
Fisher and Hortola, 1981
Hortola, 1983
Hortola, 1984
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cent.)
VD
O
OS
ij
Ul
O
vo
V.
O
l\5
V.
CO
-J
Species
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
41
41
48
41
46
44
45
51
57
48
42
45
46
47
38
47
47
46
55
50
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
21
21
21
21
21
21
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
21
21
21
21
21
21
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
21
28
35
56
70
84
21
49
77
105
126
147
21
28
35
56
70
84
21
49
77
105
126
147
Height
(kg)
0.00550
0.01130
0.01730
0.04000
0.07200
0.11000
0.13800
0.15740
0.17360
0.18220
0.00620
0.01390
0.02170
0.04240
0.07710
0.12550
0.18550
0.23980
0.26250
0.29340
0.04400
0.06400
0.10000
0.18500
0.21000
0.23000
0.05500
0.17500
0.22500
0.25000
0.27500
0.29000
0.04600
0.07500
0.12000
0.23600
0.30200
0.36500
0.05500
0.21600
0.31000
0.40000
0.42500
0.46000
Variance
4.90E-007
4.00E-006
8.85E-006
3.00E-005
3.08E-005
1.48E-004
9.41E-005
1.16E-004
1.39E-004
1.95E-004
3. 31 E -007
6.76E-006
1.63E-006
2.89E-005
5.08E-005
1.80E-004
1.23E-004
2.12E-004
3.07E-004
3.23E-004
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972 '
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
NAS, 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al. 1985
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.J
IO
VO
o
3*
Oi
1
*»J
CT>
o
10
>w
o
f\>
V.
03
~J
Species
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawl ey/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/RCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/HCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley/MCr
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Ho. of
Animals
26
27
22
25
20
24
28
28
20
20
20
20
20
20
21
28
26
23
26
22
24
22
20
20
20
20
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
46
76
106
136
226
316
406
586
766
766
766
106
136
226
316
406
586
. 766
Weight
(kg)
0.00630
0.01640
0.05200
0.05560
0.09530
0.15530
0.19010
0.23670
0.24460
0.25900
0.28030
0.28680
0.28950
0.00670
0.01800
0.05300
0.05700
0.09850
0.16680
0.23260
0.29650
0.36860
0.38490
0.44030
0.45110
0.51570
0.20000
0.26500
0.28500
0.31000
0.32500
0.35000
0.35000
0.38500
0.44500
0.44500
0.44500
0.45000
0.47500
0.53500
0.58000
0.60000
0.61500
0.56500
Variance
3.03E-007
7.56E-006
4.73E-006
1.56E-006
6.81E-005
2.26E-005
8.28E-005
2.57E-004
7.06E-005
5.29E-005
9.70E-005
7.70E-005
3.66E-005
2.50E-007
3.52E-006
l.OOE-006
1.89E-006
7.92E-005
3.20E-004
2.64E-004
2.44E-004
3.60E-004
4.70E-004
3.19E-004
1.11E-004
1.25E-004
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy. 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley. 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Pond et al. 1985
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
Pond et al.
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cent.)
10
o
l\3
CO
Species
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley Spartan
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
Sprague-Dawley 1951
S5B/P1Cr
S5B/P1Cr
S5B/P1Cr
S5B/PlCr
S5B/PlCr
S5B/PlCr
SSB/PICr
SSB/PlCr
S5B/P1Cr
SSB/PICr
S5B/PlCr
S5B/PlCr
S5B/PlCr
SSB/PICr
S5B/PlCr
S5B/PlCr
Sex
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
80
80
80
103
100
91
79
100
100
91
45
69
40
35
53
100
95
83
95
100
100
87
66
58
40
33
41
29
21
36
46
54
49
64
27
27
28
32
30
24
16
26
27
Age
(days)
46
46
76
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
Weight
(kg)
0.25000
0.25000
0.40000
0.00550
0.01260
0.02250
0.03510
0.04810
0.09250
0.11520
0.16220
0.17640
0.19850
0.21610
0.23000
0.00600
0.01300
0.02460
0.03740
0.04980
0.09760
0.15280
0.20540
0.23990
0.28750
0.31820
0.32360
0.00590
0.01390
0.02470
0.03680
0.05520
0.09540
0.12500
0.14490
0.16730
0.20570
0.22980
0.24400
0.00610
0.01610
0.02500
0.03870
Variance
NS
NS
NS
4.56E-007
1.44E-006
1.46E-005
2.03E-005
4.56E-005
6. 01 E -005
1.72E-004
1.76E-004
3.06E-004
3.91E-005
3.02E-005
9.03E-005
8.56E-007
1.89E-006
1.70E-005
7.56E-006
4.06E-005
6.68E-005
2.03E-004
5.52E-004
4.33E-004
9.75E-005
7.88E-005
3.13E-004
7.66E-007
5.06E-006
1.50E-005
2.02E-005
2.63E-005
1.24E-004
5.44E-005
4.90E-005
1.08E-004
2.29E-004
2.25E-004
3.66E-004
5.63E-007
3.06E-006
1.50E-005
2.50E-005
Reference
Quasi et al., 1983
Quasi et al., 1983
Quasi et al., 1983
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley. 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
vo
ID
o
GO
I
~J
CO
vO
o
r\>
CO
Species
SSB/PlCr
S5B/PlCr
S5B/PlCr
S5B/PlCr
S5B/P1Cr
SSB/PICr
SSB/PICr
S5B/PlCr
Hcrypt/Ztm
Hcrypt/Ztra
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Hlstar/Furth
Htstar/Lewts
Ulstar/Lewls
Ulstar/Lewls
Hlstar/Leuls
Hlstar/Lewls
Hlstar/Lewls
Ulstar/Lewls
Hlstar/Lewls
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Cr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
47
44
58
21
23
29
27
25
12
36
29
28
20
22
25
19
24
27
23
19
19
24
21
27
25
21
28
20
22
26
10
22
17
21
27
33
24
36
57
38
35
42
Age
(days)
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
100
100
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
B4
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
Height
(kg)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.06010
.12240
.18970
.24130
.28560
.31940
.35830
.36620
.11500
.28600
.00710
.01640
.02260
.03910
.06150
.07590
.13660
.14310
.17550
.20190
.22490
.26270
.00720
.01740
.02420
.04000
0.06510
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.09120
.15660
.18510
.24030
.27770
.31940
.35960
.00510
.01810
.02560
.05240
.08490
.14180
.24250
.26120
Variance
7
2
2
2
3
4
6
5
1
6
1
3
7
3
1
5
6
1
7
2
1
.23E-005
.85E-004
.98E-004
.56E-004
.02E-004
.05E-004
.19E-004
.94E-004
.44E-004
.25E-004
.60E-007
.80E-006
.56E-006
.06E-006
.50E-005
.33E-005
.38E-006
.23E-005
.97E-005
.46E-001
.03E-004
3.73E-004
1
2
5
1
9
5
6
1
3
7
8
5
7
1
4
2
2
6
1
3
.81E-007
.48E-006
.18E-006
.21E-006
.77E-006
.13E-004
.16E-005
.21E-005
.43E-004
.55E-004
.31E-004
.39E-004
.66E-007
.89E-006
.OOE-006
.50E-005
-29E-004
.44E-004
.16E-004
.15E-004
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Alt et
Alt et
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy.
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy.
Policy,
Reference
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
a!., 1985
al., 1985
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cent.)
_J
J§ Species
o
3>
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar/Lewls Cr
Wlstar
w Wlstar
i Wlstar
S> Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
g Hlstar
-•» Wlstar
£ Wlstar
*x Wlstar
S3 Wlstar
Sex
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
39
41
45
42
27
32
29
32
59
38
44
33
30
28
29
34
33
42
52
100
100
100
100
100
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
10
Age
(days)
84
112
140
168
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
50
100
300
28
56
84
112
112
60
90
120
150
210
270
330
390
450
510
570
630
690
720
750
780
840
900
930
35
Weight
(kg)
0.30240
0.32700
0.33570
0.34990
0.00520
0.01970
0.02720
0.05330
0.09610
0.18140
0.26970
0.31650
0.38170
0.41820
0.45910
0.52640
0.16800
0.22900
0.29900
0.09750
0.14750
0.17000
0.18000
0.18000
0.15000
0.29500
0.35000
0.39500
0.41500
0.45000
0.48000
0.49000
0.50000
0.52000
0.55000
0.56500
0.59500
0.60000
0.48000
0.53000
0.47000
0.57000
0.55000
0.05230
Variance
3.06E-004
2.85E-004
2.64E-004
1.93E-004
7.66E-007
7.56E-006
4.52E-006
3.45E-005
1.03E-004
7.84E-004
5.1 BE -004
5.64E-004
4.00E-004
4.46E-004
7.84E-004
4.52E-004
2.50E-005
2.50E-005
1.60E-005
1.41E-005
1.41E-005
2.50E-005
5.62E-005
5.62E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.69E-006
Reference
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
Wlberg et al., 1966
Wlberg et al., 1966
Wlberg et al., 1966
Wlberg et al.. 1966
Wlberg et al., 1966
Deyl et al. 1975
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Deyl et al.
Leong et al
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
1975
, 1964
-------
TABLE 3-4 (cont.)
_J
io Species
0
Ulstar
Ulstar
Wlstar
Ulstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Ulstar
Ulstar
Hlstar
Ulstar
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
w Yoshlda/Cr
i Yoshlda/Cr
5 Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Yoshlda/Cr
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Ho. of
Animals
10
10
10
34
38
NS
100
100
100
100
35
35
31
24
21
28
26
24
25
21
23
20
21
22
24
21
22
23
24
25
26
22
Age
(days)
49
70
126
50
100
300
84
112
28
56
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
Weight
(kg)
0.10980
0.21130
0.29850
0.21800
0.36700
0.48500
0.27000
0.29500
0.12500
0.22500
0.00600
0.01130
0.03400
0.05150
0.06400
0.13480
0.18980
0.25850
0.27200
0.30320
0.31060
0.00610
0.01240
0.03740
0.05870
0.07990
0.15920
0.25570
0.32070
0.34130
0.40190
0.47260
Variance
2.60E-005
4.49E-005
5.78E-005
2.50E-005
2.50E-005
1.60E-005
6.25E-006
5.62E-005
6.25E-006
5.62E-005
4.23E-007
1.56E-006
1.37E-005
3.19E-005
2.65E-005
5.55E-005
1.48E-004
1.51E-004
2.57E-004
4.17E-004
4.14E-004
3.91E-007
1.50E-006
1.21E-005
2.02E-005
6.16E-005
9.95E-005
3.42E-004
4.09E-004
5.51E-004
4.82E-004
1.23E-003
Reference
Leong et al..
Leong et al..
Leong et al..
MAS. 1971
NAS. 1971
NAS, 1971
Wlberg et al.
Ulberg et al.
Ulberg et al.
Ulberg et al.
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy. 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
1964
1964
1964
, 1966
, 1966
, 1966
, 1966
NS = Not specified
o
VO
o
r\J
CO
-------
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
i
n
0.2
0.1
0.5
\
1.5 2.0
AGE IN YEAP.S
I
2.5
I
3.0
I
3.5
FIGURE 3-21
Body Weight Data on Hale and Female Rats
(See Table 3-4 for data points and references)
1990A
3-81
09/02/87
-------
This variation may be somewhat exaggerated In Figure 3-21 because most of
the points between 0.5 and 1.0 year that plateau at -0.2 kg are from Worden
(1947) and represent the growth of a single female and single male black
rat. Host body weights for mature rats range from -0.3-0.6 kg.
Llfespan growth data are adequate to propose recommended values for four
strains of rats which, 1n descending order of size, are Sprague-Dawley,
Long-Evans, Wlstar and Fischer.
Growth data on male and female Sprague-Dawley rats are presented In
Figures 3-22 and 3-23, respectively. These figures Include all of the data
on Sprague-Dawley rats summarized 1n Table 3-4, except for the Sprague-
Dawley 1951 rats, which are smaller than other Sprague-Dawley rats. As with
B6C3F1 mice, male Sprague-Dawley rats evidence a definite plateau 1n growth
at maturity and a slight decrease 1n body weight after 2 years of age.
Females, conversely, continue to gain weight at a substantial rate through-
out the observation period of -2.1 years.
A somewhat different pattern 1s seen with male and female Fischer rats,
as Illustrated In Figures 3-24 and 3-25, respectively. These figures
Include all of the data on Fischer rats presented 1n Table 3-4. The data
reported by Mauderly (1986), on relatively small numbers of animals, vary
from the other sets of data, particularly for male rats at 1 year and female
rats at 2 years of age. These differences, however, do not have a substan-
tial effect on the estimates of TWA body weights.
In Fischer rats, clear peaks and subsequent decreases In body weight are
apparent for both male and female rats. The peak 1n male rats occurs some-
what sooner (-1.5 years) than In female rats (-2 years,) and the decrease In
body weight In male rats Is more pronounced than In females. Given the
large numbers of animals and the number of observations, It Is unlikely that
1990A 3-82 09/02/87
-------
0.7
0.5
I
1.0 1.5
ft€E IN Y1AFS
I
2.0
2.5
FIGURE 3-22
Recommended Growth Curve for Male Sprague-Dawley Rats
1990A
3-83
09/02/87
-------
i
n
X
0.45
0.4
0.5
T
i.O 1.5
ME IN YlflPS
I
2.0
I
2.5
FIGURE 3-23
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Sprague-Dawley Rats
1990A
3-84
09/02/87
-------
I
0.5
1
1.0
I
1.5 2.0
ftSE IN YlftKS
2.5
3.0
FIGURE 3-24
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Fischer Rats
1990A
3-85
09/02/87
-------
0.35
0.3
i
n
0.05
1
0.5
1
1.0
1
1.5
1
2.0
1
2.5
1
3.0
ME IN YZftRS
FIGURE 3-25
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Fischer Rats
1990A
3-86
09/02/87
-------
these patterns are artifacts of small sample sizes. Since these points
represent the mean weights of groups of animals, and Individual body weight
data have not been reported, It cannot be determined If these patterns and
other similar patterns are associated with weight loss In older animals or
Increased longevity In lighter animals.
The significance of the Inflection 1n body weight 1n female Fischer rats
that appears to occur between 6 and 9 months 1s not apparent. This 1s
similar to the Inflection In human females, between the ages of 20 and 30
years (Stoudt et al., 1960).
Llfespan growth data on Long-Evans male rats are Illustrated 1n Figure
3-26. The growth data on young (1-140 days) rats reported by Polley (1972)
and the growth data on older (182-1156 days) rats reported by Holloszy and
Smith (1986) are combined 1n this figure and yield a smooth growth curve.
Reported weights for male Long-Evans and male Sprague-Dawley rats both reach
a maximum of -0.6 kg, but Sprague-Dawley rats reach this weight more
rapidly. Thus, Sprague-Dawley rats have a slightly higher TWA body weight
than Long-Evans rats. Like male Fischer rats, male Long-Evans rats show a
marked decline In body weight near the end of the Hfespan. This decline
appears later (2.1 years) In the Long-Evans rats than In the Fischer rats
(1.5 years).
Growth data over the Hfespan of male Wlstar rats are plotted In Figure
3-27. As specified In Table 3-4, this figure combines data on different
varieties of Wlstar rats and unspecified varieties of Wlstar rats reported
In different studies. This may partially account for the greater amount of
scatter than that seen In the previous figures. Nonetheless, In the growth
data on young Wlstar rats (days 1-168) reported by Poiley (1972), male and
female Wlstar/Lewls rats appear to have greater growth rates than Wlstar/
Furth rats. No clear peak 1n growth 1s evident In this strain. All of the
1990A 3-87 09/02/87
-------
0.6
0.5
0.4
n 0.3
0.2
0.1
1
0.5
I
1.0
1
1.5
1
2.0
1
2.5
1
3.0
1
3.5
flCE IN ttAKS
FIGURE 3-26
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Long-Evans Rats
1990A
3-88
09/02/87
-------
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0,2
0.1
1.5
AGE IN YEftFS
FIGURE 3-27
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Wlstar Rats
1990A
3-89
09/02/87
-------
growth data for animals >1 year are reported from a single study (Deyl et
a!., 1975) which Is based on a small number of animals. Haas et al. (1985)
reported the spontaneous occurrence of a "giant" Wlstar (Cpb:WU) rat that
weighed 0.656 kg at age 15 months. While somewhat large, this weight 1s not
exceptional given the growth data 1n Figure 3-27.
LUespan growth data are not available on female Long-Evans, Wlstar rats
or other strains of rats.
Proposed recommended values for various strains of rats are given In
Table 3-5. As with mice, both subchronlc and chronic recommended body
weights are given that parallel the standard subchronlc and chronic exposure
periods for toxldty studies using rats. For the sexes and strains on which
llfespan growth data are available, chronic body weights are estimated
directly from the appropriate figure (see Figures 3-22 to 3-27). For
strains on which a subchronlc, but not a chronic, body weight can be calcu-
lated directly, the chronic body weight Is estimated using Equation 3-2.
[The limitations of this approach are discussed 1n Section 3.2.1.]
When recommended body weights are not available from Table 3-5, any
available body weight data should be used to select the strain of rat most
similar to the strain used 1n the study being considered for risk assess-
ment. If the strain of rat 1s not specified or 1f no body weight data are
provided, using the recommended values for the Fischer rat will generally
yield the lowest estimate of mg/kg/day dose, based on the use of the recom-
mended body weight and the relationship of body weight to Inhalation rates,
food consumption, or water consumption.
1990A 3-90 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-5
10
IX)
o
>
OJ
IO
09/02/8
Strain
ACP 9935/Cr
ACP 9935/Cr
AC1 9935/Cr
ACT 9935/Cr
ALBANY/Cr
ALBANY 9935/Cr
August 28807/Cr
August 28807/Cr
BN/Cr
BN/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
BUFFALO/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Copenhagen/Cr
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:HGAPS(OH)
Cr:RAR(SD)
Cr:RAR(SD)
RE
Sex
F
M
F
M
F
H
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
(ference Value
Weight
at Birth
0.0051
0.0052
0.0053
0.0054
0.0071
0.0072
0.0059
0.0061
0.0061
0.0062
0.0055
0.0064
0.0057
0.0058
0.0058
0.0061
0.0065
0.0067
fS fOI
r Body Her
Height at
Weaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.033
.0341
.0342
.0357
.0535
.0553
.0404
.0426
.0437
.0448
.0278
.0448
.0266
.0307
.0484
.0551
.0556
.0594
ghts of
Various
Subchronic THA
Body Height
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
131
169
137
168
184
240
159
207
138
210
168
229
149
204
192
245
202
263
Strain!
s of Rats
Chronic THA
Body Height
0.2466*
0.3237*
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.2588*
.3217*
.3542*
.4678*
.3034*
.4008*
.2608*
.4069*
.3217*
.4455*
.2832*
.3947*
.3704*
.4779*
.3907*
.5144*
Reference
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
UD
TABLE 3-5 (cent.)
5,
Strain
Fischer
Fischer
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Marshall 520/Cr
Marshall 520/Cr
NBR/PlCr
NBR/PlCr
03
1
r\j Osborne-Mendel
Osborne-Mendel
Osborne-Mendel
SH/Cr
SH/Cr
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
S5B/PlCr
SGB/PlCr
Hlstar/Furth Cr
Hlstar/Furth Cr
o
\ Hlstar/Lewls Cr
5 Hlstar/Lewls Cr
Sex
F
M
F
M
F
H
F
H
F
F
M
F
H
F
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
Height
at Birth
0.0055
0.0059
0.0061
0.0066
0.0059
0.0060
0.0058
0.0058
0.0064
0.0064
0.0064
0.0055
0.0062
0.0063
0.0067
0.0059
0.0061
0.0071
0.0072
0.0051
0.0052
Height at
Heanlng
0.03
0.03
0.0383
0.0400
0.0328
0.0407
0.0275
0.0283
0.0520
0.0530
0.0530
0.0400
0.0424
0.0515
0.0527
0.0368
0.0387
0.0391
0.0400
0.0524
0.0533
Subchronlc THA
Body Height
0.124
0.180
0.179
0.248
0.143
0.217
0.140
0.193
0.286
0.201
0.263
0.143
0.205
0.204
0.267
0.1/13
0.210
0.137
0.179
0.234
0.289
Chronic THA
Body Height
0.229
0.380
0.3440*
0.472
0.2710*
0.4211*
0.2649*
0.3724*
0.5611*
0.3H86*
0.5144*
0.2710*
0.3968*
0.338
0.523
0.2710*
0.4069*
0.2588*
0.3440*
0.4556*
0.5672*
Reference
Composite, see
Composite, see
Policy, 1972
Composite, see
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 197'.'
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Composite, see
Composite, see
Pol ley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
text
text
text
text
text
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1990A
3-93
09/02/87
-------
3.2.3. Guinea P1gs. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body
weight for guinea pigs. Values for guinea pig body weight reported 1n the
literature Include 0.27 kg (Boxenbaum, 1983), 0.43 kg (ARS/Sprague-Dawley,
1974) and 0.75 (Lehman, 1959). Growth data for guinea pigs and some
additional body weights for guinea pigs of unspecified age are summarized In
Table 3-6. All weight data from Table 3-6, for which corresponding ages are
specified, are plotted In Figure 3-28
The data base for guinea pigs 1s much less complete than that for mice
or rats. Donhoffer (1986) presents data over a period close to the 6-year
recommended Hfespan for the guinea pig. While these reported values are
consistent with the data given by Mortola (1983, 1984), neither sex nor
strain are specified. In addition, the body weight data reported by
Donhoffer (1986) are markedly less than sex- and strain-specific data
reported by Policy (1972), Hlrsch (1973) and Navla and Lopez (1973). These
data for male guinea pigs are Illustrated 1n Figure 3-29. The lower series
of smooth body weight points are those reported by Policy (1972) for the
American short-hair guinea pig. The upper series of smooth body weight
points are those for the Albino short-hair (Hlrsch, 1973) and Hartley (Navla
and Lopez, 1973) strains. The only sex-spec1f1c data reported for female
guinea pigs are that of Polley (1972) for the American short-hair
(Figure 3-30).
For proposing recommended values, It does not seem reasonable to rely on
the data of Donhoffer (1986) both because the sex and strain are not speci-
fied and because the data, while plausible given the scatter previously
noted with rats and mice, are not consistent with the sex- and strain-
specific data plotted In Figures 3-29 and 3-30. As an alternative, sub-
chronic body weights are derived from the available sex and strain data.
1991A 3-94 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-6
Species
CO
1
IO
Ul
o
l£>
->.
O
ro
Albino
Albino
Albino
Albino
Albino
Albino
Albino
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer.
Amer .
Amer.
short-hair
short-hair
short -hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
short-hair
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
50
50
50
50
50
50
48
48
48
48
48
47
47
50
50
50
50
50
49
49
Age
(days)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
196
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
Height
(kg)
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
20000
27000
36000
41500
48000
52000
58000
07900
11060
14560
18010
21890
29730
37420
44950
51890
62560
72010
79620
0.83750
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
08030
11570
15560
20040
24060
32240
40530
Variance
1
1
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
.5QE-004
.50E-004
2.33E-004
4
7
2
1
2
3
5
9
1
2
2
1
2
6
1
6
1
.52E-004
.02E-004
.23E-003
.98E-003
.53E-003
.48E-003
.26E-003
.65E-003
.35E-003
.65E-003
.56E-004
.76E-004
.40E-004
.63E-004
.09E-003
.76E-004
.35E-003
Reference
Hlrsch,
Hlrsch,
Hirsch,
Hlrsch,
Hlrsch,
Hlrsch,
Hlrsch,
Pol ley.
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Policy,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
Polley,
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
CO
-------
TABLE 3-6 (cont.)
10
ID
3»
CO
vO
o
10
o
Species
Amer. short-hair
Amer. short-hair
Amer. short-hair
Amer. short-hair
Amer. short-hair
Amer. short-hair
Duncan-Hartley
Duncan-harltey
Duncan-Hartley
Duncan-Hartley
Hartley
Hartley
Hartley
Hartley
Hartley
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
both
male
male
male
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
49
49
49
49
45
45
45
45
15
15
NS
NS
NS
NS
10
6
6
6
NS
73
39
35
52
47
78
33
18
Age
(days)
70
84
112
140
168
196
NS
NS
NS
NS
21
42
70
98
98
NS
NS
NS
NS
2
5
8
15
45
195
810
1260
Height
(kg)
0.48250
0.54680
0.65690
0.76010
0.84010
0.89930
020350
0.44250
0.20400
0.46350
0.28000
0.45000
0.61000
0.72000
0.51200
0.30900
0.34000
0.37900
0.80000
0.09200
0.10200
0.11100
0.15900
0.29900
0.68000
0.76200
0.69900
Variance
7.84E-004
1.28E-003
2.40E-003
4.10E-003
2.12E-003
2.63E-003
2.26E-005
9. 51 E -005
1.60E-005
1.81E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
9.80E-003
1.61E-004
1.35E-004
3.39E-004
NS
1.16E-004
8.64E-004
8.28E-004
1.33E-003
2.40E-003
1.94E-003
2.88E-003
NS
Reference
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Shelton, 1971
Shelton, 1971
Shelton, 1971
Shelton, 1971
Navla and Lopez,
Navla and Lopez,
Navla and Lopez,
Navla and Lopez,
Mauderly et al.,
Murphy and Ulrlch
Murphy and Ulrlch
Murphy and Ulrlch
Bruce, 1950
Donhoffer, 1986
Donhoffer, 1986
Donhoffer, 1986
Donhoffer, 1986
Donhoffer, 1986
Donhoffer, 1986
Donhoffer, 1986
Donhoffer, 1986
1973
1973
1973
1973
1979
, 1964
, 1964
, 1964
co
-------
TABLE 3-6 (cont.)
LO
10
Species
Sex
No. of
Animals
Age
(days)
Height
(kg)
Variance
Reference
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
19
18
NS
8
5
2
1440 0.82000 NS Donhoffer, 1986
1800 0.69500 2.10E-003 Donhoffer, 1986
NS 0.80000 NS Lane-Peter et al., 1967
NS 0.19400 1.56E-004 Head, 1960
4 0.11600 1.69E-004 Hortola, 1983
3 0.09110 1.80E-004 Hortola, 1984
NS = Not specified
CO
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AGE IN YZftR
i
0 3
i
0
5 4
0 4.
i Q
:
I
5 5.
FIGURE 3-28
Body Height Data on Guinea P1gs
(See Table 3-6 for data points and references)
1991A
3-98
09/02/87
-------
25.0
200.0
FIGURE 3-29
Growth Data on Hale Guinea Plgs
1991A
3-99
09/02/87
-------
i
n
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
X 0.4
C
0.3
0.2
0.1
!0
! 0
I I
25.0 50.0
75.0
1^
100.0
AC! IN
I
I
125.0 150.0 175.0 200.0
FIGURE 3-30
Growth Data on Female Guinea P1gs
1991A
3-100
09/02/87
-------
For male guinea pigs (see Figure 3-29), separate subchronlc body weights
could be derived for the upper and lower body weight patterns discussed
above. Given the paucity of the data and the uncertainty In extrapolating
such estimates to chronic body weights, only a single value of 0.48 kg Is
proposed for all male guinea pigs. For female guinea pigs, the proposed
recommended subchronlc body weight Is 0.39 kg. These values are based on
the recommended age at weaning of 14 days for guinea pigs and the 90-day
duration of a subchronlc study.
The TWA body weight curves for male and female guinea pigs given 1n
Figures 3-29 and 3-30 are extended 1n Figures 3-31 and 3-32, based on the
assumption that body weights reach a plateau after 300 days at 1.0 kg for
males and 0.9 kg for females. These figures are not extended over the full
6-year Hfespan of the guinea pig because Hfespan toxldty studies are
rarely, 1f ever, conducted on this species. For providing a recommended
chronic body weight, a 2-year exposure period 1s assumed. The recommended
chronic body weights for male and females are estimated at 0.89 and 0.86 kg,
respectively.
3.2.4. Hamsters. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body
weight for hamsters. ARS/Sprague-Dawley (1974) gives a standard body weight
of 0.12 kg. Other reported body weights for adult and weanling hamsters are
given In Table 3-7, along with available growth data. All growth data pre-
sented In Table 3-7 are plotted 1n Figure 3-33. The points In Figure 3-33
that show a markedly lower growth rate than most of the other points are for
Chinese (Calland et al., 1986) and Djungarlan (Heldmaler et al., 1982)
hamsters. Because of the substantially lower body weights reported for
these strains, separate body weight values will be recommended. Growth data
are not available over the 2.5-year recommended llfespan of the hamster.
1991A 3-101 09/02/87
-------
i
0.9
O.B
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
\
\\1\\\ I
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
ME IN YEABS
FIGURE 3-31
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Guinea Pigs
1991A
3-102
09/02/87
-------
9
O.i
7
0.5
Oo _
On
t
I A 1 _
\
AC _
n 05
J A J _
0
0 3.
ME IN YEAKS
FIGURE 3-32
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Guinea P1gs
1991A
3-103
09/02/87
-------
10
VO
TABLE 3-7
Growth and Body Height Data on Hamsters
CO
0
-f=»
o
VD
X.
o
rv>
*Vfc
CO
^^l
Species
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Chinese
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH{SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
56
60
203
120
120
143
151
163
162
101
94
88
Age
(days)
21
28
35
49
63
77
91
112
21
28
35
49
63
77
91
98
112
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
Height
(kg)
0.01500
0.01900
0.02150
0.02400
0.02550
0.02750
0.02900
0.03050
0.01500
0.01900
0.02600
0.02550
0.02950
0.03200
0.03450
0.03550
0.03750
0.00300
0.00780
0.01750
0.04030
0.04420
0.09300
0.09450
0.10330
0.11490
0.13590
0.14960
0.15780
Variance
2
4
2
2
8
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
.02E-007
.20E-006
.65E-005
.63E-005
.79E-005
.54E-005
.21E-005
.16E-005
.36E-005
.81E-005
.02E-005
.79E-005
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Calland
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Polley,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Policy,
Polley,
Reference
et al. 1986
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
-------
TABLE 3-7 (cont.)
10
3>
co
0
Ul
o
in
o
ro
CO
-J
Species
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
CrrRGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RGH(SYR)
Cr:RHG(SYR)
Cr:RHG(SYR)
Cr:RHG(SYR)
Cr:RHG(SYR)
Cr:RHG(SYR)
CrrRHG(SYR)
CrrRHG(SYR)
Cr:RHG(SYR)
Cr:RHG(SYR)
Cr:RHG(SYR)
Djungarlan
DjungaMan
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
NS
NS
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
54
58
204
160
160
155
163
171
154
98
77
86
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
16
14
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
42
56
70
84
112
140
168
21
28
56
84
168
21
28
56
84
168
91
91
20
30
40
60
Height
(kg)
0.00290
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00690
.01830
.04000
.04870
.08610
.09150
.09940
.10390
.12190
.13180
.14050
.04000
.04400
.09500
.11500
.15800
.04000
.04900
.09200
.10400
.14100
.02760
.04110
.03800
.06000
.08100
.10000
Variance
2
4
2
2
9
6
8
1
6
2
5
1
2
9
2
3
1
3
9
9
6
1
3
8
.50E-007
.95E-006
.94E-005
.97E-005
.41E-005
.16E-005
.85E-006
.46E-005
.63E-006
.16E-005
.26E-005
.33E-005
.50E-005
.03E-005
.26E-005
.60E-005
.81E-005
.02E-005
.51E-005
.OOE-006
.25E-006
.22E-005
.60E-007
.10E-007
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Policy, 1972
Polley, 1972
Polley, 1972
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
Heldmaler et al., 1982
Heldmaler et al., 1982
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
-------
TABLE 3-7 (cent.)
3>
1
O
V
O
t O
UJ
v.
o
^
CO
Species
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
ElarENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Ela:ENG(SYR)
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Golden Syrian
Sex
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
both
both
both
both
both
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
192
192
192
192
192
Age
(days)
70
90
20
30
40
60
70
90
35
49
63
77
91
105
119
133
35
49
63
77
91
105
119
133
28
35
42
49
56
Height
(kg)
0.10700
0.12400
0.03600
0.06100
0.08200
0.10200
0.10800
0.12600
0.07300
0.08800
0.09300
0.10400
0.10900
0.11900
0.11800
0.12000
0.07400
0.09300
0.09600
0.10300
0.10600
0.10800
0.10700
0.10800
0.05600
0.06900
0.07650
0.08350
0.08950
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
l.OOE-006
l.OOE-006
1.56E-006
1.56E-006
5.63E-007
Reference
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
Feron et al. 1979
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
Feron et al.
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
Knapka and Judge, 1974
Knapka and Judge, 1974
Knapka and Judge, 1974
Knapka and Judge, 1974
Knapka and Judge, 1974
-------
TABLE 3-7 (cont.)
IO
>
CO
1
0
-J
o
\
o
ro
\
CO
— )
Species
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
Golden
NS
NS
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Sex
male
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
NS
NS
NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
10
22
22
12
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
40
40
40
40
40
NS
NS
4
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
adult
weaned
weaned
42
1
20
40
60
80
100
140
180
220
260
300
360
21
56
91
126
161
adult
adult
5
21
28
35
56
70
84
Height
(kg)
0.11540
0.04170
0.04170
0.07475
0.00400
0.02800
0.07000
0.09200
0.10750
0.12850
0.13350
0.14650
0.15000
0.15150
0.15250
0.15450
0.03850
0.07550
0.09250
0.11000
0.11500
0.09000
0.09000
0.00643
0.03500
0.05400
0.06600
0.09700
0.10700
0.11500
Variance
1
1
1
3
7
4
1
1
2
1
?
2
5
1
5
6
1
.21E-004
.OOE-008
.OOE-008
.45E-004
NS
NS
NS
NS
.56E-006
.56E-005
.81E-005
.81E-005
.50E-005
.06E-005
.26F -()()!>
.76E-005
.63E-007
.41E-005
.06E-006
.25E-006
.60E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Holloway and Heath, 1984
Arrlngton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1968
Banta et al., 1975
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Farrls, 1950
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Bruce, 1950
Hortola and Noworaj, 1985
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
-------
TABLE 3-7 (cent.)
L0
10
J»
CO
1
0
CO
o
lO
\
Q
ro
^^
CD
-J
Species
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Standard LVG
Syrian FIB
Syrian FIB
Syrian FIB
Syrlan[Sch:Syr]
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
both
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
both
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
40
10
Age
(days)
21
28
35
56
70
84
40
70
100
98
21
35
42
63
21
35
42
63
25
30
35
40
50
70
90
105
109
112
Height,
(kg)
0.03500
0.05200
0.07000
0.10200
0.11000
0.12500
0.06380
0.08860
0.10200
0.11000
0.03800
0.06700
0.07900
0.09600
0.04100
0.06700
0.07900
0.09600
0.04600
0.06100
0.07600
0.08800
0.09900
0.11000
0.12300
0.12700
0.12900
0.11100
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.50E-005
3.14E-005
1.14E-004
1.21E-004
1.73E-004
2.21E-005
2.01E-004
2.09E-004
1.59E-004
1.95E-004
2.22E-004
5.51E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.89E-004
1.21E-004
Reference
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS. 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
NAS, 1978
Schlenker, 1984
Schlenker, 1984
Schlenker, 1984
Hauderly et al., 1979
Arrlngton et al. 1966
Arrlngton et al. 1966
Arrlngton et al. 1966
Arrlngton et al. 1966
Arrlngton et al. 1966
Arrlngton et al. 1966
Arrlngton et al. 1966
Arrlngton et al. 1966
Rogers et al., 1974
Rogers et al., 1974
Rogers et al., 1974
Rogers et al., 1974
Rogers et al., 1974
Rogers et al., 1974
Rogers et al., 1974
Rogers et al., 1974
Rubin et al., 1978
Hauderly and Tesarek, 1975
NS = Not specified
-------
v.io —
041 —
f\ 49
Jj t\ 4 _
H 0.1 —
i /i fin
n c.vo
0/Vf
.02 ~
1
| | »
j * o ^
j '« !°c0e
^° °|
(ff |
(T ' i i
« i • l
22]s8§1S
V i i i
? 1 1 1
i i i
50.0 100.0 ISO.
U !
1
•
o i
j
i
1
!
1
i'
!
i
j
j
i
i
0 200.0 250
0 <
:
I
.
0 300
5 0
i
!
j
i
1
i
1 !
1 1
0 350.0 400.
ME IN MYS
FIGURE 3-33
Body Weight Data on Hamsters
(See Table 3-7 for data points and references)
1991A
3-109
09/02/87
-------
The only data on growth over an observation period of >6 months are provided
In a study on the Golden hamster (FarMs, 1950), In which average weights
are given for both sexes combined.
Sex differences In body weight do not appear to be as pronounced 1n
hamsters as 1n other species of laboratory animals. Data on the growth rate
of male hamsters, excluding Chinese and DjungaMan strains, are plotted In
Figure 3-34. Corresponding data for female hamsters are plotted 1n Figure
3-35. Although some scatter Is apparent In both of these figures, the data
are reasonably consistent and are not clearly associated with differences 1n
strain. Using the data presented 1n these figures and a recommended age at
weaning of 21 days, the recommended subchronlc body weights for these
strains of male and female hamsters are 0.097 and 0.095 kg, respectively.
In estimating chronic body weights for these strains of hamsters, data
on males and females are extended 1n Figures 3-36 and 3-37, respectively,
using assumed mature body weights of 0.15 kg for males and 0.16 kg for
females. These assumed values bracket the combined weight for 1-year-old
male and female Golden hamsters of -0.155 kg (FarMs, 1950) and reflect the
somewhat higher body weights reported for female hamsters ages 100-200 days,
compared with males. Using these assumptions, recommended chronic body
weights for these strains of hamsters are 0.134 kg for males and 0.145 kg
for females.
Growth data on male and female Chinese hamsters are presented In Figures
3-38 and 3-39, respectively, and the corresponding recommended subchronlc
body weights are 0.03 kg for males and 0.025 kg for females. The ratio of
chronlc-to-subchronlc body weights for Golden Syrian hamsters (1.38 for
males and 1.52 for females) are used to estimate recommended chronic body
weights for Chinese hamsters of 0.041 kg for males and 0.038 kg for females.
1991A 3-110 09/02/87
-------
V. 13 —
04 J
013 —
0*9 —
U ft 11 —
I /\ <
?ft ftQ _-
n
OO7 —
* ft AC
0/V5 —
Oftl
0(\t
Of\t
Ofii
ill!
i
t
i
I
j
: 1
S ^
i ^>
i Q
iJe
jn
oU *
^ • w'
: If
\/
"A
1
:
!
' 0 °
ft
u
^
0°
tf
:
0 8 ! °^i
|
. e ! o o
b o c A
|
i
! n*1-"0"^
_lg)rrff^*
_>C^i
-" I
1
j j j
i i
i i
> :
! S
I i
1 t
: : ;
i A
A
o
c*^^
**-4f~*
•y^" 1 ! | 1 !
^~*
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
25.0 50.0 75.0 100.0 125.0 150.0 175.
ME IN MYS
FIGURE 3-34
Growth Data on Hale Hamsters
(Excluding Chinese Strain)
1991A
3-111
09/02/87
-------
w.io —
01 1
041
A 4*}
' A 44
i Oil
- __
t A fit —
OAT —
OAI
OAO
OPit
OAI _
I
1
i
i
i
i i
i !
i !
j { fS
! o ! 0 t
i •
! o^1 1
1 °
lo 1^
t uX^
/i!° >*
(h /r
jy !
°xT i
Y^ \
\ \
25.0 50.0
1 1 U
! 1 i c 1
i I o 1 1
j i • •
' f\ ' ' '
8b • 1 1 1 -
) i ! i L^^"
' i i i (?*"*'
| | fr^r^r
\ JV^^ \ \
~J? \ ! i
r"^ i i i :
r ! i ! i
i ! i i
; : j :
i i i i
i i i i
tit:
! i i i
* 5 ! i
! 1 ! ! i
i i i i i
7S.O 100.0 125.0 150.0 175.0
ME IN BAYS
FIGURE 3-35
Growth Data on Female Hamsters
(Excluding Chinese Strain)
1991A
3-112
09/02/87
-------
0.15
FIGURE 3-36
Recommended Growth Curve for Male Hamsters
(Excluding Chinese Strain)
1991A
3-113
09/02/87
-------
0.16
0.01
I
0.5
T
1.0 1.5
AGE IH YEA5S
1
2.0
I
2.5
FIGURE 3-37
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Hamsters
(Excluding Chinese Strain)
1991A
3-114
09/02/87
-------
0.035
0.03 -
0.025
n 0.<
X
0.
0.01
5E~3
i
25.0
50.0
75.0
IN MYS
O'
100.0
125.0
FIGURE 3-38
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Chinese Hamsters
1991A
3-115
09/02/87
-------
0.035
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.01
25.0
T
T
50.0 75.0
A€I IN PAYS
100.0
I
125.0
FIGURE 3-39
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Chinese Hamsters
1991A
3-116
09/02/87
-------
Although growth data are not available for DjungaMan hamsters, the body
weights reported for 90-day-old hamsters of this strain (Heldmaler et a!.,
1982) are much closer to those of Chinese than Golden hamsters. Thus, the
recommended values for Chinese hamsters should be applied to studies using
Djungarlan hamsters.
The rather substantial variation 1n the weights of 91-day-old DjungaMan
hamsters reported by Heldmaler et al. (1982) reflect seasonal differences,
the heavier weight recorded In summer and the lighter weight recorded In
winter. Seasonal differences In growth rates and body weights of hamsters
are also discussed by Granados (1951). Information for assessing the
effects of seasonal differences Is not common In the toxicology or growth
literature. Thus, seasonal factors are not used 1n recommending biological
values In this report, although such differences are noted when data are
available. Such differences, nonetheless, should be recognized as potential
and perhaps substantial sources of error 1n the application of recommended
values 1n risk assessments.
3.2.5. Gerblls. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference value for
gerblls, and these animals were not Included In an earlier report on recom-
mended values for risk assessment (U.S. EPA, 1985). Although not commonly
used 1n toxlcologlcal studies, gerblls are usually considered In most recent
reference texts on laboratory animals (Arrlngton, 1978) and are being used
more frequently In blomedlcal research.
As summarized In Table 3-8, most available data are on the Mongolian
gerbll; only birth and mature weights were reported by Lane-Peter et al.
(1967) for other strains. As Illustrated 1n Figures 3-40 and 3-41 for males
and females, respectively, growth data for both sexes are relatively consis-
tent and cover the 3-year recommended Hfespan. The body weights reported
1991A 3-117 09/02/87
-------
ID
vo
TABLE 3-8
Growth and Body Height Data on Gerblls
CO
I
CD
o
10
o
rvj
CD
Species
Herlones shawl
Merlones shawi
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Sex
NS
NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
1
adult
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
180
270
365
730
1095
1
21
56
183
365
639
1
14
21
28
35
Height
(kg)
0.00475
0.18500
0.00400
0.00700
0.01600
0.01600
0.02100
0.03500
0.04200
0.04700
0.04900
0.06200
0.07400
0.07800
0.08200
0.08600
0.00300
0.01300
0.04000
0.07500
0.08000
0.09750
0.00400
0.00600
0.01200
0.01900
0.02300
Variance
3.91E-007
1.06E-003
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.22E-005
2.50E-005
2.50E-005
1.89E-004
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Lane-Peter et a!., 1967
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Arrlngton et al. 1973
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrington et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
Arrlngton et al.
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
-------
TABLE 3-8 (cont.)
IO
__J
s>
Species
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
CO
_J
ir>
o
ID
\
O
"Nfc
CO
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
Mongol
1an
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
1an
Ian
1an
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Ian
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
86
85
81
104
97
30
58
50
38
49
46
38
35
36
35
12
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
Age
(days)
49
56
70
105
1
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
no
120
130
140
150
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
90
Height
(kg)
0.03300
0.04000
0.04600
0.05500
0.00280
0.00740
0.01210
0.01950
0.02430
0.03160
0.04010
0.04300
0.04660
0.05010
0.05190
0.05180
0.05400
0.05620
0.05720
0.05540
0.00400
0.00700
0.01000
0.01700
0.02400
0.03300
0.04500
0.05400
0.05600
0.06800
Variance
1
1
4
1
2
5
4
2
3
3
2
3
5
1
9
2
NS
NS
NS
NS
.60E-009
.21E-008
.84E-008
.76E-007
.02E-007
.33E-007
.10E-007
.81E-007
.48E-007
.03E-007
.70E-007
.72E-007
.33E-007
.35E-006
.03E-007
.53E-006
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Norrls and
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Arrlngton
Adams ,
Adams ,
Adams,
Adams,
Adams ,
Adams ,
Adams,
Adams,
Adams ,
Adams ,
Adams,
Adams,
Adams,
Adams,
Adams,
Adams ,
et al.,
et al..
et al.,
et al.,
et al..
et al.,
et al.,
et al..
et al..
et al..
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
1973
-------
TABLE 3-8 (cont.)
ID
_;_,
r->
0
vo
\
o
t\3
\
Species
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
11
10
10
10
10
10
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
80
Age
(days)
180
270
365
469
550
730
1095
75
63
98
140
182
224
1
21
56
183
365
645
1
14
21
28
35
49
56
70
84
105
1
Height
(kg)
0.08000
0.08700
0.09000
0.09400
0.09800
0.09800
0.09600
0.07050
0.05550
0.07480
0.08275
0.09085
0.09580
0.00300
0.01450
0.04850
0.09000
0.08500
0.11750
0.00400
0.00800
0.01200
0.02000
0.02800
0.04000
0.04500
0.05300
0.05700
0.06000
0.00290
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.56E-006
8.10E-007
7.56E-006
1.83E-005
3.69E-005
3.03E-005
6.25E-008
3.06E-006
3.91E-005
5.62E-005
NS
7.66E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.60E-009
Reference
Arrlngton et al. 1973
Arrlngton et al. 1973
Arrlngton et al. 1973
Arrlngton et al. 1973
Arrlngton et al. 1973
Arrlngton et al. 1973
Arrlngton et al. 1973
Laughlln et al., 1975
Loew, 1968
Loew, 1968
Loew, 1968
Loew, 1968
Loew, 1968
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
Marston and Chang, 1965
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McHanus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
McManus and Zurich, 1972
HcManus and Zurich, 1972
Norrls and Adams, 1972
CO
-------
10
U3
TABLE 3-8 (cont.)
co
L,
ro
o
0
\
CD
--4
Species
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
M. crassus
M. crassus
M. llbycus
M. llbycus
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
both
both
both
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
76
72
87
73
29
41
26
12
25
25
25
15
12
27
15
20
20
18
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
NS
215
NS
1
7
14
21
28
105
1
adult
1
adult
Height
(kg)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00740
.01190
.01870
.02610
.03500
.04310
.04630
.05090
.05810
.05850
.05770
.06200
.06000
.06470
.06170
.01740
.06125
.06125
.00280
.00570
.00920
.01290
.01860
.05880
.00350
.10500
.00550
.10000
Variance
1.
5.
9.
2.
3.
5.
8.
3.
8.
1.
2.
2.
3.
1.
2.
1.
2.
6.
2.
5.
5.
4.
69E-008
29E-008
OOE-008
70E-007
48E-007
18E-007
10E-007
28E-006
28E-007
61 E -006
79E-006
62E-006
76E-006
23E-006
37E-006
OOE-008
64E-006
60E-005
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
50E-007
06E-004
63E-007
OOE-004
Reference
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
Norrls and Adams,
ArMngton, 1968
Harrlman, 1969a
McManus, 1972
McManus, 1971
McManus, 1971
McManus, 1971
McManus, 1971
McManus, 1971
McManus, 1971
Lane-Peter et al.
Lane-Peter et al.
Lane-Peter et al.
Lane-Peter et al.
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
1972
, 1967
, 1967
, 1967
, 1967
-------
TABLE 3-8 (cont.)
10
10
H.
H.
H.
H.
M-
H.
H.
Species
persicus
persicus
sacramentl
trlstrami
trlstraml
vlnogradovi
vlnogradovl
Sex
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
1
adult
adult
1
adult
1
adult
Height
(kg)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.00500
.11000
.20000
.00300
.10500
.00300
.15000
Variance
NS
2.25E-004
1.41E-003
NS
5.06E-004
NS
6.25E-004
Reference
Lane-Peter
Lane-Peter
Lane-Peter
Lane-Peter
Lane-Peter
Lane-Peter
Lane-Peter
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
a!.,
a!.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
al.,
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
NS = Not specified
o
10
o
ro
-------
V.AC —
04
i A AS
OAO
OA?
n A AC
H V.vD
C A A^
OfiA. _
OAO
OAO
0 01
{
1
i o
6 (
o j ° <
o !
\*l ^
^^ 1 y
c 4 i x
¥^ j J
fff
fP '.
i
^^^^
'^^^ 1
1
i
i
1
j
i
i
j
1 1
0 1.5 2.
AGE IN YZAFS
?
> ~ '
0 2
:
i
e
^ -«
i
i
5 3.
FIGURE 3-40
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Mongolian Gerblls
1991A
3-123
09/02/87
-------
0.1
0.09
0.08
i
' 0.07
! 0.06
n 0.05
C 0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0 0
AGE IN YIAPS
I
0.5
I
1.0
1.5
1
2.0
2.5
1
3.0
FIGURE 3-41
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Mongolian GerbUs
1991A
3-124
09/02/87
-------
by Marston and Chang (1965) are somewhat higher than those reported by
Arrlngton et al. (1973). Since these records were made at different times
and probably under different holding conditions and using different diets,
all of the reported weights are used 1n recommending body weight values.
Using the recommended age at weaning of 21 days, recommended subchronlc
body weights for males and females are 0.48 and 0.40 kg, respectively; the
corresponding recommended chronic body weights are 0.843 and 0.728 kg,
respectively.
Recommended values are not proposed for the strains of gerblls for which
birth and mature body weights are reported (Lane-Peter et al., 1967),
because these strains are not generally used 1n toxldty studies. Such
values could be derived easily, If needed, using the approach taken for
hamsters. The data reported by Lane-Peter et al. (1967) suggest that
different strains of gerblls, like different strains of many other species,
can vary markedly In body weight, and that the body weight values recom-
mended above should be used only for the Mongolian gerbll.
3.3. OTHER LABORATORY MAMMALS
3.3.1. Cats. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body weight
for cats. A recommended body weight of 3.3 kg has been given by ARS/Sprague-
Dawley (1974). Body weight and growth data on cats are summarized 1n Table
3-9. This table does not Include data by Latlmer and Ibsen (1932) as cited
by Altman and Dlttmer (1972). The more recent data are similar to these
earlier data and are for greater numbers of animals. Although cats are
widely used 1n experimental research and are among the most common domestic
pets, growth data over the 15-year recommended Hfespan of the cat have not
been documented. This 1s not a serious limitation because most toxldty
studies on cats are conducted over only a small portion of the Hfespan of
1991A 3-125 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-9
ID
3>
CO
1
ro
o
10
0
no
CO
Species
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
Mixed
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
8
9
6
10
6
6
12
12
6
12
5
5
5
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
many
many
many
many
many
many
Ul Ufff III UIIU
Age
(days)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
105
135
165
195
225
270
365
395
1
70
140
210
280
343
UUUJ
f nt i y ii b u
Height
(kg)
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
0
0
2
3
3
.10000
.10000
.20000
.20000
.30000
.30000
.30000
.40000
.50000
.50000
.60000
.60000
.60000
.20700
.57700
.71800
.89300
.17500
.22800
.57400
.78100
.12500
.99000
.30000
.00000
.10000
u uu *.
ill UU I J
Variance
1
1
1
8
1
1
8
8
1
8
1
1
1
3.10000
.OOEOOOO
.21EOOOO
.44EOOOO
.10E-001
.21EOOOO
.21EOOOO
.10E-001
.10E-001
.21EOOOO
.10E-001
.21EOOOO
.44EOOOO
.44EOOOO
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Taton et al..
Taton et al..
Taton et al.,
Taton et al..
Taton et al.,
Taton et al..
Taton et al..
Taton et al..
Taton et al. ,
Taton et al.,
Taton et al..
Taton et al..
Taton et al.,
Haterhouse and
Haterhouse and
Haterhouse and
Haterhouse and
Haterhouse and
Haterhouse and
Haterhouse and
Haterhouse and
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
Carver,
Carver,
Carver,
Carver,
Carver,
Carver,
Carver,
Carver,
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
1966
-------
TABLE 3-9 (cont.)
U3
Species
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
many
many
many
many
many
many
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
6
6
4
6
Age
(days)
1
70
140
210
280
343
1
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
547
4
2
NS
Height
(kg)
0.12500
1.12500
2.85000
3.80000
4.20000
4.00000
0.10500
0.16700
0.21700
0.26400
0.31000
0.35500
0.39800
0.44200
0.49000
0.54300
0.60400
3.62000
0.17100
0.11880
3.25000
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.64E-004
1.09E-003
1.48E-003
1.60E-003
2.65E-003
3.97E-003
4.13E-003
6. 81 E -003
8.24E-003
9.36E-003
1.48E-002
3.61E-002
1.94E-003
5.04E-005
5.06E-002
Reference
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Olovson, 1986
Lane-Peter et al.,
Lane-Peter et al.,
Lane-Peter et al..
Lane-Peter et al.,
Lane-Peter et al.,
Lane-Peter et al.,
Lane-Peter et al..
Lane-Peter et al.,
Lane-Peter et al..
Lane-Peter et al.,
Lane-Peter et al.,
Gautler, 1986
Hortola, 1983
Mortola, 1984
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
Slafakas et al., 1983
o
US
NS = Not specified
CD
-------
the cat. Thus, as with experimental rodents, subchronlc and chronic recom-
mended body weights will be based on 90 and 730 days postweanlng, using the
recommended age at weaning of 49 days.
Recommended growth data for male and female cats are presented 1n
Figures 3-42 and 3-43, respectively. Both curves are based on a combination
of the early (day 1-50) growth data given by Lane-Peter et al. (1967) for
both sexes combined and the growth data given by Olovson (1986). Olovson
(1986) provides detailed growth curves for male and female cats from birth
to 49 weeks of age. Representative points are Included 1n Figures 3-42 and
3-43. Female weight begins to plateau by 26 weeks at -3.0 kg and Increases
slowly after this period. Male weight peaks after -40 weeks at 4.2 kg and
declines to -4.0 kg by 49 weeks. These sex-specific patterns are similar to
those discussed 1n Section 3.2. for laboratory rodents. For recommending
reference values, Figure 3-42 extends the male weight, assuming that the
weight remains at 4.0 kg, and Figure 3-43 extends the female weight,
assuming that the weight remains at 3.1 kg.
Using the growth curves from these figures, recommended subchronlc body
weights for males and females are 1.72 and 1.49 kg, respectively, and corre-
sponding chronic body weights are 3.66 and 2.96 kg. The chronic weights
bracket the recommended value of 3.3 kg from ARS/Sprague-Dawley (1974).
Mature body weights of 4.0 and 3.1 kg are recommended for males and females,
respectively.
The body weights reported by Taton et al. (1984), which are for mature
male cats, are all higher (by 2.5-15%) than the recommended adult male
weight used above. As with other species, substantial variations among
populations of animals may be expected.
1991A 3-128 09/02/87
-------
3.5
1.5
0.5
/!
/ i
/1
O.S
1.0 1.5
AGE IN YIARS
t»
2.0
^
2.5
FIGURE 3-42
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Cats
1991A
3-129
09/02/87
-------
1
n
3.5
If 2,5
1.5
0.5
!
-------
3.3.2. Dogs. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body weight
for dogs. Values reported 1n the literature are 10.0 kg (Lehman, 1959),
12.7 kg (Hertzberg and Dourson, 1983), 14.0 kg (ARS/Sprague-Dawley, 1974)
and 14.2 kg (Boxenbaum, 1983).
Body weight and growth data on dogs are summarized In Table 3-10 and
plotted In Figure 3-44. To provide better scaling of the graph, Figure 3-44
does not Include the 58 kg male mongrel dog reported by Amoroso et al.
(1964). The only clear outliers, as Illustrated 1n Figure 3-44, are German
Shepards, which are much larger and grow more rapidly than other strains of
dogs on which data are available. With this exception, other strains of
dogs for which growth data have been reported grow at similar rates and are
about the same size as beagles. Since the beagle Is by far the most
commonly used strain of dog 1n toxldty studies, this 1s the only strain for
which body weight values will be recommended. Other strain-specific body
weights could be derived, based on the data summarized In Table 3-10.
All available growth data on beagle dogs are plotted 1n Figure 3-45.
Much of the apparent scatter, while not atypical for growth data, 1s elimi-
nated by excluding data where sex Is not specified or where data on both
sexes are combined. With these exclusions, the only outlying data are that
reported by Mauderly (1974), which give lower weights for male and female
beagles than would be expected, based on the data given 1n other reports.
Thus, the data reported by Mauderly (1974) are not used 1n recommending
values for risk assessment.
Recommended growth curves for male and female beagle dogs are presented
1n Figures 3-46 and 3-47, respectively. Both of these curves are based on a
combination of the data reported by Altman and Dlttmer (1974), NAS (1971)
and Worden et al. (1975). Although the first two of these publications are
1991A 3-131 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-10
Growth and Body Weight Data on Dogs
vw
>
CO
1
— J
f »
t*j
ro
O
\o
•X
o
I\J
V.
CO
-J
Species
Alrdale
Alrdale
Alrdale
Alrdale
Alrdale
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Basenjl
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Sex
both
both
both
both
both
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
4
4
4
4
4
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
50
10
35
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
396
1278
3375
30
60
90
120
Weight
(kg)
2.60000
6.00000
10.50000
13.70000
15.65000
0.29000
0.49000
0.73000
0.93000
1.12000
1.29000
1.51000
1.83000
2.30000
2.79000
3.29000
4.49000
5.66000
6.57000
0.27000
0.43000
0.65000
0.82000
0.96000
1.14000
1.37000
1.72000
2.13000
2.51000
2.96000
3.97000
4.97000
5.51000
8.40000
10.00000
10.90000
1.00000
2.70000
4.00000
5.50000
Variance
4.00E-002
5.63E-001
5.63E-001
1.82EOOOO
2.81EOOOO
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
1.21EOOOO
1.96EOOOO
6.25EOOOO
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Arnold and Elvehjera, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjera, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
AHman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
AHman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
AHman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Hauderly. 1974
Hauderly, 1974
Hauderly. 1974
NAS. 1971
NAS. 1971
NAS. 1971
NAS, 1971
-------
TABLE 3-10 (cont.)
_J
IO
t£J
«j
3>
W
_i
GS
O3
o
VO
^^
^^
o
r\j
^^
^x
CD
Species
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
7
7
7
7
3
7
7
11
11
7
11
7
7
4
4
4
4
4
50
10
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
4
4
4
4
Age
(days)
180
210
240
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
120
176
232
288
344
400
456
568
680
792
396
1278
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
120
176
232
288
Weight
(kg)
9.50000
9.80000
10.00000
10.60000
10.85000
10.90000
11.00000
11.05000
11.40000
11.70000
11.85000
12.00000
12.55000
12.80000
13.45000
14.10000
7.10000
9.20000
10.10000
10.20000
10.50000
10.80000
10.90000
11.80000
11.80000
13.00000
10.00000
12.00000
1.50000
3.50000
6.00000
7.80000
9.80000
11.00000
11.80000
12.50000
7.80000
10.50000
12.20000
12.30000
Variance
NS
NS
NS
2.03E-001
7.56E-002
1.60E-001
1.22E-001
5.06E-002
9.00E-002
6.25E-002
1.06E-001
1.60E-001
7.56E-002
2.50E-001
1.06E-001
9.00E-002
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.44EOOOO
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
Romos et a!., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al.. 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Romos et al., 1981
Worden et al. 1975
Morden et al. 1975
Horden et al. 1975
Worden et al. 1975
Worden et al. 1975
Worden et al. 1975
Worden et al. 1975
Worden et al. 1975
Worden et al. 1975
Worden et al. 1975
Hauderly, 1974
Mauderly, 1974
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
Worden et al., 1975
Worden et al., 1975
Worden et al., 1975
Worden et al., 1975
-------
TABLE 3-10 (cont.)
VO
IO
Gi
03
O
o
ca
Species
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. oF
Animals
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
100
20
12
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
39
Age
(days)
344
400
568
726
792
180
271
362
453
545
635
726
817
908
396
1278
364
1
61
122
183
243
304
365
210
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
Weight
(kg)
12.40000
12.40000
12.90000
12.50000
12.70000
6.40000
9.60000
9.90000
10.40000
9.90000
9.60000
10.00000
10.70000
11.30000
9.10000
11.10000
9.00000
0.30000
2.80000
5.30000
7.15000
8.25000
9.30000
9.80000
9.10000
0.31000
0.55000
0.80000
1.00000
1.30000
1.67000
2.05000
2.51000
2.95000
3.31000
3.81000
4.80000
5.71000
6.52000
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.96EOOOO
2.25EOOOO
2.89EOOOO
NS
NS
6.25E-002
3.06E-002
5.06E-002
l.OOE-002
• 2.25E-002
1.69EOOOO
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
Worden et al., 1975
Worden et al., 1975
Worden et al., 1975
Worden et al.. 1975
Worden et al.. 1975
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Borzelleca et al. 1964
Hauderly, 1974
Hauderly, 1974
Hauderly et al., 1979
NAS, 1971
NAS. 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS, 1971
NAS. 1971
NAS, 1971
Plckrell et al., 1971
Altman and Dlttner. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dtttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttner, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttraer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dtttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
-------
TABLE 3-10 (cont.)
_J
0
0
_l
>
f *
WJ
1
tn
0
vjD
\
O
l\3
•v.
Species
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Beagle
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
31
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
37
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
Height
(kg)
0.30000
0.52000
0.77000
1.02000
1.26000
1.50000
1.82000
2.24000
2.63000
2.98000
3.36000
4.34000
5.10000
5.75000
0.24000
0.41000
0.62000
0.80000
1.04000
1.35000
1.82000
2.28000
2.83000
3.27000
3.78000
4.88000
5.93000
6.82000
0.24000
0.41000
0.62000
0.80000
1.04000
1.35000
1.74000
2.14000
2.56000
2.95000
3.39000
4.27000
5.08000
5.77000
Variance
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974 *
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
CO
-------
TABLE 3-10 (cont.)
IO
CO
co
o
\
Species
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
German Shepherd
Great Dane
Great Dane
Great Dane
Great Dane
Great Dane
Great Dane
Great Dane
Hongrel
Mongrel
Mongrel
Hongrel
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
female
male
female
female
No. of
Animals
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
22
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
7
7
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
114
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
3650
1460
NS
NS
Weight
(kg)
0.49000
0.87000
1.43000
2.06000
2.95000
3.88000
5.00000
NS
11.50000
NS
16.00000
20.00000
24.50000
28.25000
NS
0.50000
0.89000
1.46000
2.02000
2.84000
3.77000
4.52000
13.00000
NS
17.00000
20.75000
24.00000
27.25000
5.78000
11.50000
18.40000
24.00000
30.20000
34.20000
39.00000
13.50000
59.00000
15.90000
15.90000
Variance
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjera, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjem. 1939
Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939
Arnold and Elvehjem, 1939
Amoroso et al., 1964
Amoroso et al., 1964
Golob et al., 1977
Golob et al., 1977
o
r\>
CD
NS
both
NS
24.00000
6.40E0001
Brown et al., 1984
-------
TABLE 3-10 (cent.)
10
vO
GJ
I
o
r\j
00
Species
NS
NS
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Shetland Sheepdog
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Wire Haired Fox Terrier
Wire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Hire Haired Fox Terrier
Sex
NS
NS
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
6
3
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
14
.14
14
14
14
14
14
14
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
21
Age
(days)
4
1
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
Height
(kg)
0.49800
0.29720
0.21000
0.39000
0.58000
0.76000
1.04000
1.47000
1.92000
2.42000
2.92000
3.44000
3.92000
4.96000
5.93000
6.96000
0.20000
0.36000
0.55000
0.73000
0.97000
1.27000
1.67000
2.06000
2.44000
2.83000
3.23000
4.04000
4.86000
5.67000
0.19000
0.37000
0.57000
0.77000
1.01000
1.26000
1.59000
1.94000
2.25000
2.55000
2.94000
3.73000
4.45000
5.14000
Variance
1.19E-002
4.62E-004
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR '
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
Hortola, 1983
Hortola, 1984
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altaian and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and 01 timer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
-------
TABLE 3-10 (cont.)
10
Species
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Short Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Wire Haired
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Terrier
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
23
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
Weight
(kg)
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
2
2
2
.19000
.38000
.56000
.74000
.96000
.20000
.48000
.79000
.10000
.37000
.71000
3.42000
4
4
.02000
.59000
Variance
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Reference
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
and Dlttmer,
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
NS - Hot specified; MR •= not reported
CO
o
U3
O
rsj
CO
-------
25
20
n 15
10
7
i.O
2.0 3.0
I
4.0 5.0 6.0
ME IN YEARS
7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
FIGURE 3-44
Growth Data on Dogs
(See Table 3-10 for data points and references)
1991A
3-139
09/02/87
-------
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
i 8
n
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
FIGURE 3-45
Growth Data on Beagle Dogs
(All data reported 1n Table 3-10)
1991A
3-140
09/02/87
-------
13
12
11
10
8
i 7
n
I*
TIT
4-
Zi
0.5
1.0 1.5
A€I IH YIMS
2.0
2.5
FIGURE 3-46
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Beagle Dogs
1991A
3-141
09/02/87
-------
13
12
11
10
f 9
8
n
K
5
4
3
2
1
TTT
.0^
/
A
0.5
i
jo
i
1.0 1.5
Ml IN YZAKS
2.0
2.5
FIGURE 3-47
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Beagle Dogs
1991A
3-142
09/02/87
-------
secondary sources, they appear to be based on different sets of data that
are nonetheless remarkably consistent. As with cats and rodents, sex-
specific differences 1n growth patterns are evident. Male beagles grow more
rapidly than females, and the growth of males shows a definite plateau after
~7 months, while the growth rate of females slows, but does not plateau, at
about the same time.
Growth data are not available over the 15-year recommended Hfespan of
the beagle. Because toxldty studies on beagles seldom encompass the Hfe-
span, recommended subchronlc and chronic body weights will be based on 90
and 730 days postweanlng, as was done with cats and experimental rodents,
using the recommended age for beagles at weaning of 42 days.
Using the growth curves for Figures 3-46 and 3-47, recommended sub-
chronic body weights for male and female beagles are 2.4 and 1.97 kg, re-
spectively, and the corresponding chronic body weights are 10.8 and 10.1 kg.
For deriving recommended body weights over a greater portion of the life-
span, mature body weights of 14 kg for both male and female beagles are
proposed.
3.3.3. Rabbits. The U.S. EPA has not recommended a reference body weight
for rabbits. Growth and body weight data on rabbits are summarized 1n Table
3-11 and plotted In Figure 3-48. Other body weights reported In the litera-
ture Include 3.7 kg (ARS/Sprague-Dawley, 1974), 2.0 kg (Lehman, 1959) and
2.55 kg (Boxenbaum, 1983).
Body weights for rabbits (Sanford, 1979) are somewhat lower than most
other weights for rabbits of comparable ages. The weights for the 46- and
82-day-old Dutch rabbits (Arrlngton et al., 1974) are consistent with the
growth data given by Sanford (1979), and the weights of Dutch rabbits (age
not specified) (C1zek, 1961) are all well below the mature weights reported
1991A 3-143 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-11
Growth and Body Weight Data on Rabbits
vo
ID
Strain
Sex
No. of
Animals
Age
(days)
Weight
(kg)
Variance
Reference
Alb1no»CB
co
i
^
.>
o
\
o
r\>
CD
*j
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
California
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
NS
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
Female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
11
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
9
9
18
18
18
9
18
9
6
6
6
6
6
12
6
6
6
6
6
12
12
6
6
12
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
NS
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
42
56
56
63
70
70
77
84
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.80000
0.05000
0.14000
0.22500
0.30000
0.50000
0.77000
0.97500
10000
45000
45000
52500
77500
95000
00000
2.20000
1.79000
1.89000
1.96000
.07000
.13000
.16500
.19000
2.28000
2.29000
2.30000
2.32000
2.57100
.79900
.91000
.95000
.00200
.09000
.16000
.19000
.20000
.22000
.23000
2.23000
2.27000
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.83E-001
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2.41E-001
7.39E-002
NS
NS
1.73E-001
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Bruce, 1950
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Gaman
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Ctzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
Clzek
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
et al.
. 1961
, 1961
, 1961
, 1961
, 1961
, 1961
, 1961
. 1961
. 1961
, 1961
. 1961
. 1961
. 1961
. 1961
. 1961
, 1961
. 1961
. 1961
. 1961
, 1961
, 1961
, 1961
. 1961
, 1961
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
-------
TABLE 3-11 (cont.)
vo
vo
tn
o
v*
o
CO
Strain
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Himalayan
Lop Eared
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
New Zealand White
Sex
both
both
NS
NS
NS
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
24
24
22
16
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
9
13
12
21
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
46
82
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
98
7
14
21
56
70
84
98
112
136
150
Weight
(kg)
0.88100
1.40000
2.10000
1.90000
3.50000
2.40000
2.80000
3.30000
3.40000
3.80000
3.20000
3.50000
3.60000
3.90000
2.90000
0.06500
0.14600
0.26000
0.35700
0.58300
0.91600
1.25000
1.56000
1.75000
3.00000
0.10200
0.17800
0.29900
1.95000
2.32000
2.67000
2.98000
3.13000
3.30000
3.45000
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
4.00E-002
4.00E-002
4.00E-002
9.00E-002
9.00E-002
4.00E-002
4.00E-002
4.00E-002
9.00E-002
l.OOE-002
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
4.00E-002
2.56E-006
9.00E-006
2.60E-005
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Reference
Arrlngton et al., 1974
Arrlngton et al., 1974
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Barbee et al. 1984
Barbee et al. 1984
Barbee et al. 1984
Barbee et a1. 1984
Barbee et al. 1984
Barbee et al. 1984
Barbee et al. 1984
Barbee et al. 1984
Barbee et al. 1984
Barbee et al. 1984
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Hauderly et al., 1979
Spencer et al., 1985
Spencer et al., 1985
Spencer et al., 1985
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
-------
TABLE 3-11 (cont.)
^^
*fi
VD
S
CO
,1
-J
4k
o^
Q
U3
•s.
o
rv>
V.
CD
>-J
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
New
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Strain
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand.
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
Zealand
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
Sex
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
164
178
192
56
70
84
98
112
136
150
164
178
192
52
59
73
87
101
115
129
143
157
171
52
59
73
87
101
115
129
143
157
171
186
56
70
84
112
126
140
154
Weight
(kg)
3.53000
3.61000
3.73000
2.04000
2.37000
2.72000
3.05000
3.26000
3.49000
3.70000
3.85000
4.00000
4.08000
1.95000
2.00000
2.36000
2.77000
3.09000
3.18000
3.32000
3.41000
3.52000
3.59000
2.04000
2.23000
2.41000
2.86000
3.18000
3.27000
3.59000
3.73000
3.91000
4.05000
4.08000
0.96500
1.28000
1.62000
2.10000
2.27000
2.41000
2.67000
Variance
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Altman and Dlttmer,
Alt man and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Altman and Dlttmer,
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Sanford. 1979
Sanford, 1979
Sanford, 1979
Sanford, 1979
Sanford, 1979
Sanford. 1979
Sanford, 1979
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
-------
TABLE 3-11 (cont.)
«_J
10
ID
>
Strain
NS
NS
NS
Sex
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
42
53
63
Weight
(kg)
1.00000
1.50000
2.00000
Variance
NS
NS
NS
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Reference
and Spreadbury,
and Spreadbury,
and Spreadbury,
1975
1975
1975
CO
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Several
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
9
4
59
11
NS
NS
NS
NS
4
2
NS
0.18300
50000
50000
2.50000
2.40000
0.10200
0.07930
2.40000
1.76E-003
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.37E-000
3.20E-004
NS
Fisher and Hortola, 1981
Kennaway, 1943
Kennaway, 1943
Kennaway, 1943
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Hortola, 1983
Hortola, 1984
Bruce, 1950
Wild
Wild
Wild
Wild
Wild
Wild
female
female
female
male
male
male
3
3
40
2
2
55
NS
NS
1
NS
NS
1
1.30000
1.60000
0.03500
1.55000
1.70000
0.03700
2.50E-003
2.50E-003
1.21E-006
6.25E-004
2.50E-003
6.40E-007
Boyd,
Boyd,
Boyd,
Boyd,
Boyd,
Boyd,
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
NS = Not specified; NR = not reported
o
"V
CO
-------
4.5
4
3.5
3
i "
n
K 2
1.5
i
0.5
0&*
t
0
fi
88°
n
o *
ftfse ^
wlr^Tj^
0 0
Cu *"»
TJ
C
Q
:
:
ft
#
o
A
0
o
:
j S1
0
0 (
0 e
^^ o '
00
0
)
ft
°0
'„«<•
p
0
c °°
« °
i
T
I
T
25.0 50.0 75.0
T
100.0 125.0
fiGE IN PAYS
T
I
150.0 175.0 200.0
FIGURE 3-48
Growth Data on Rabbits
(See Table 3-11 for points and references)
1991A
3-148
09/02/87
-------
for New Zealand White rabbits. This suggests that the growth data on New
Zealand White rabbits may not be appropriate for estimating the growth of
Dutch rabbits. Based on the report by Gaman et al. (1970), California
rabbits appear to be somewhat lighter than New Zealand White rabbits. Since
the New Zealand White rabbit Is by far the most commonly used strain of
rabbit In toxlclty studies, recommended body weights will be proposed only
for this strain.
Recommended growth curves for male and female New Zealand White rabbits
are given 1n Figures 3-49 and 3-50, respectively. These figures both use
the early growth data reported by Altman and Dlttmer (1974) and Spencer et
al. (1985) for males and females combined, as well as the sex-specific
growth data reported by Altman and Dlttmer (1974) and Templeton (1968) for
older animals. The sex-spec1f1c growth data reported by Altman and DHtmer
(1974) are attributed to unpublished data from Templeton (1968), are similar
to the data reported directly by Templeton (1968), and may be for the same
group of animals.
As with cats and dogs, growth data are not available over the reference
Hfespan of 6 years for rabbits. Since toxlclty studies are rarely con-
ducted over the llfespan of rabbits, subchronlc and chronic body weights
will be recommended for periods of 90 days and 730 days postweanlng, respec-
tively, using a recommended age at weaning of 56 days. The growth curves
are extended by assuming mature adult weights of 4.0 and 4.2 kg for males
and females, respectively. Using these assumptions and the growth curve
given In Figure 3-49, the recommended chronic and subchronlc body weights
for the male New Zealand rabbit are 2.86 and 3.76 kg, respectively. The
corresponding values for female New Zealand White rabbits are 3.1 and 3.93
kg, based on the same assumptions and the growth curve given 1n Figure 3-50.
1991A 3-149 09/02/87
-------
3.5
K
T
i
n
K
2.5
1.5
0,5
0.5
i.O 1.5
ME IN YEAKS
2.0
I
2.5
FIGURE 3-49
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale New Zealand WhHe Rabbits
1991A
3-150
09/02/87
-------
0.5
I
1.0 1.5
ftSI IN YIAPS
2.0
I
2.5
FIGURE 3-50
Recommended Growth Curve for Female New Zealand White Rabbits
1991A
3-151
09/02/87
-------
3.4. LIVESTOCK
Body and growth data on livestock are summarized In Table 3-12. Body
weight data on most strains of livestock are provided primarily to facili-
tate the demonstration of allometrlc relationships discussed 1n subsequent
sections of this report. Nonetheless, Information on the body weights and
consumption patterns of livestock may be useful 1n risk assessments when an
attempt Is made to estimate doses 1n cases of accidental exposure of
livestock to toxicants.
3.4.1. Cattle. Growth data on all strains of cattle presented In Table
3-12 are plotted 1n Figure 3-51. Hereford cattle are clear outliers that
reach a mature body weight of -1200 kg, and the data on this breed are
presented separately 1n Figure 3-52. Other breeds of cattle on which data
are available reach mature body weights of ~400-550 kg. Data on these
strains are summarized In Figure 3-53. Because cattle are not used In
toxlclty studies, recommended body weights other than mature body weights
are not derived.
3.4.2. Chickens. Growth data on all strains of chickens summarized In
Table 3-12 are plotted 1n Figure 3-54. The variability 1n the body weights
and growth rates of chickens appears to be greater than In most other
species of animals Included In this report. The smallest strains are
crosses of "desl" and White Leghorn strains reported 1n the Indian litera-
ture (Sah et al., 1984) and an unspecified strain of broiler chicken
reported 1n the Eastern European literature (Knlzetove et al., 1985). The
largest and fastest growing stain on which data are available Is the Ross
broiler (Prescott et al., 1985).
1991A 3-152 09/02/87
-------
TABLE 3-12
Growth and Body Weight Data on Livestock
(0
_l
>
CO
_l
Wl
CO
o
-------
TABLE 3-12 (cont.)
10
to
Ul
o
no
03
Species
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Cattle
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Strain
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
Jersey
Jersey
Jersey
Jersey
Jersey
Jersey
Jersey
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Broiler
Sex
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
20
20
20
20
20
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
Age
(days)
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
2700
3600
300
600
900
1200
1500
1600
3600
4
11
18
25
31
120
180
240
360
480
600
660
720
780
840
120
180
240
360
480
660
720
780
840
Weight
(kg)
225.00000
355.00000
425.00000
475.00000
505.00000
525.00000
535.00000
540.00000
550.00000
200.00000
280.00000
340.00000
370.00000
390.00000
415.00000
420.00000
44.20000
44.43000
44.11000
47.20000
52.65000
0.45000
0.60000
1.10000
2.15000
2.95000
3.50000
3.65000
3.75000
3.80000
3.80000
0.45000
0.75000
1.20000
2.60000
4.00000
4.80000
5.05000
5.20000
5.25000
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley. 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley. 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley. 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Campbell and Lasley, 1975
Kertz et al.. 1984
Kertz et al., 1984
Kertz et al., 1984
Kertz et al., 1984
Kertz et al., 1984
Knlzetova et al. 1985
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
Knlzetova et al.
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
19B5
1985
1985
1985
1985
-------
TABLE 3-12 (cont.)
IO
us
3>
CO
1
U1
tn
o
lO
"X
o
rsj
Species
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Strain
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
I/H C»/-
1/1* C*/-
I/U c/c
1/U c/c
U/H C»/-
H/l* c/c
H/H c/c
H/U C»/-
Sex
Female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
both
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
135
135
123
123
123
121
121
123
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
126
140
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
126
140
42
56
42
56
42
42
56
56
Weight
(kg)
0.03200
0.05900
0.10500
0.17200
0.25600
NS
NS
NS
0.63600
NS
NS
1.04500
NS
1.31800
NS
1.54500
0.03200
0.05900
0.10900
0.18200
0.26800
NS
NS
NS
0.72700
NS
NS
1.27200
NS
1.72700
NS
2.09100
0.55590
0.81510
0.45740
0.80490
0.57040
0.53280
0.78600
0.84170
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Fox and Snyth. 1985
Fox and Smyth, 1985
Fox and Smyth, 1985
Fox and Smyth, 1985
Fox and Smyth. 1985
Fox and Smyth, 1985
Fox and Smyth, 1985
Fox and Smyth, 1985
CO
-------
TABLE 3-12 (cont.)
10
VO
en
CO
Species
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Strain
Hew Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
Hew Hanrpshlre
Hew Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
New Hampshire
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Sex
Female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
Ho. of
Animals
HS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
HS
HS
HS
HS
NS
NS
HS
HS
HS
HS
NS
NS
NS
NS
HS
NS
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
Age
(days)
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
126
140
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
126
140
1
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
63
77
Height
(kg)
0.03600
0.08200
0.15400
0.25000
0.36300
0.50400
0.64000
0.80700
0.94800
1.10700
1.28400
1.55100
1.82800
2.01900
2.25400
2.30900
0.04100
0.08600
0.15400
0.27200
0.40400
0.56300
0.73500
0.93400
1.15200
1.32500
1.62800
1.84900
2.55400
2.99400
3.29300
3.37500
0.04400
0.04400
0.16400
0.33400
0.76500
1.15500
1.53900
1.77800
2.33400
3.25400
3.93400
Variance
HS
NS
HS
HS
HS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
HS
HS
HS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
HS
NS
NS
NS
HS
HS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
HS
HS
HS
NS
NS
Reference
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Olttmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and Olttmer, 1974
Altman and Olttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
AHman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altnan and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altraan and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and Dlttmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer. 1974
Altman and DHtmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Altman and Dlttmer, 1974
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescott et al. 1985
Prescotl et al. 1985
-------
TABLE 3-12 (cont.)
lO
0
_I
>
OJ
1
en
-j
0
\&
V.
o
^o
>*
CO
— J
Species
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Chicken
Strain
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Ross broiler
Several
Several
Several
Several
Several
Several
Several
Several
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
White Leghorn
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
3
3
3
3
2
44
44
18
18
36
36
27
16
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Age
(days)
91
105
119
140
161
1
28
84
140
1
28
84
140
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
98
112
126
140
1
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
84
Weight
(kg)
4.73000
5.46000
5.75800
6.49000
6.50000
0.02710
0.07510
0.32750
0.65720
0.02900
0.08740
0.38790
0.74480
0.03600
0.07300
0.11800
0.19500
0.27200
0.36700
0.43600
0.54900
0.64000
0.72100
0.77600
0.93400
1.10700
1.27000
1.40200
1.55100
0.03600
0.05900
0.12300
0.19100
0.26800
0.34500
0.44900
0.60300
0.68900
0.87500
0.94400
1.24300
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
4.00E-006
2.30E-005
3.42E-004
2.18E-003
4.20E-006
2.07E-005
1.08E-003
2.72E-004
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Prescott et al., 1985
Prescott et al., 1985
Prescott et al., 1985
Prescott et al., 1985
Prescott et al., 1985
Sah et
San et
Sah et
Sah et
Sah et
Sah et
Sah et
Sah et
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
Altman
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
and
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
DHtmer.
Dlttmer.
DHtmer,
Dlttmer.
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer,
Dtttmer,
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer.
Dlttmer.
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer,
DHtmer.
Dlttmer.
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer,
OHtmer,
Dlttmer.
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer.
Dlttmer.
Dlttmer.
DHtmer,
Dlttmer,
Dlttmer,
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
1974
-------
TABLE 3-12 (cont.)
10
>
en
CO
o
-------
TABLE 3-12 (cent.)
CO
i
tn
Species
P1gs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Pigs
Sheep
Sheep
Sheep
Sheep
Strain
NS
NS
NS
NS
Sus scrofa
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
NS
NS
NS
Ovls
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
arles
Sex
NS
NS
NS
NS
Female
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Female
No. oF
Animals
8
15
3
3
1
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
NS
NS
NS
1
Age
(days)
1
114
2
1
183
21
21
28
28
35
35
42
42
42
49
grown
grown
weaned
730
Weight
(kg)
1
30
1
1
17
4
5
5
6
7
7
9
10
13
13
31
45
63
52
.18000
.00000
.04700
.16700
.00000
.85000
.34000
.49000
.15000
.15000
.99000
.77000
.60000
.60000
.06000
.50000
.00000
.00000
.00000
Variance
1.37E-001
1.39E0002
4.23E-003
9.42E-002
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
5.06EOOOO
2.03E0001
2.03E0001
NS
ReFerence
Clement et al
Clement et al
Hortola, 1983
Hortola, 1984
Amoroso et al
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Brooks et al.
Lane-Peter et
Lane-Peter et
Lane-Peter et
Amoroso et al
, 1986
, 1986
, 1964
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
1984
al.. 1967
al., 1967
al., 1967
., 1964
NS - Not spec!Fled
o
^
o
*>>
CO
-------
1250
1000
T 750
i
n
500
250
<
0
0
/>°l
u
p
2
c
0
0
0 * f
' o g C
8
5 5
o o
0 C
•
0 7
0 0 0
0
o
o o
5 10
0
1
0 12.
IN YEARS
FIGURE 3-51
Growth Data on Cattle
(See Table 3-11 for points and references)
1991A
3-160
09/02/87
-------
1000
750
500
250
i
2.5
I 1
5.0 7.5
A€E IN YEARS
10.0
12.5
FIGURE 3-52
Growth Curve on Female Hereford Cattle
(See Table 3-12 for points and references)
1991A
3-161
09/02/87
-------
600
500
400
n 300
200
100
4.0 5.0 6.0
ffil IN YIAPS
10.0
FIGURE 3-53
Growth Curve on Cattle, Excluding Female Hereford Cattle
(See Table 3-12 for points and references)
1991A
3-162
09/02/87
-------
i
n
1
00
0
0
0
0
o cP
el , .... .-
0
0
>>&?
y/0o£
//""
r |
0
1
j
!
I
f
!
!
i
j
i fi
•s
\
i v
p
i
0
!
i
i
6 i
! 1
i
;
1
5 i.O 1
1
^V
0
0 « '
5 2
0 «
0 0
i
0 2.
Ad IN YEAKS
FIGURE 3-54
Growth Data on Chickens
(See Table 3-12 for points and references)
1991A
3-163
09/02/87
-------
Chickens, particularly the White Leghorn, have been used as animal
models for studying peripheral neurotoxlns. Growth data on male and female
White Leghorns are presented 1n Figures 3-55 and 3-56. Because bloassays
using chickens are not well standardized, no attempt will be made to recom-
mend subchronlc or chronic body weights. Depending on the nature of the
experiment, the data 1n Table 3-12 and Figures 3-55 or 3-56 could be used to
estimate the most appropriate body weight.
3.4.3. P1gs. All growth data from Table 3-12 on pigs are plotted In
Figure 3-57. The growth data reported by Pond et al. (1985) and Conalty
(1967), plotted In Figure 3-58, are consistent with each other but show
substantially more rapid growth than other reports on the domestic pig (Sus
domestlcus). Data from these latter reports are plotted 1n Figure 3-59.
The data reported by Amoroso et al. (1964) are for the miniature pig, Sus
scrofa, and are not likely to be typical of swine used as livestock.
Recommended mature body weights for livestock swine (Sus domestlcus) are
200-250 kg. Based on Figures 3-58 and 3-59, other body weight estimates for
swine can be derived as needed.
3.5. WILDLIFE
Growth data on wildlife are summarized In Table 3-13. As discussed by
Moody et al. (1985) for ferrets and Zatzman et al. (1984) for marmots, many
species of wildlife mammals show substantial (30-40%) seasonal variation In
body weight. Such seasonal variations are also likely to be seen In
livestock and laboratory animals, but are less well documented.
Figures 3-60 and 3-61 summarize the body weights of male and female mink
from two control groups used by AuleMch et al. (1979) In a study on the
toxldty of PCBs, a compound to which mink are particularly susceptible.
1991A 3-164 09/02/87
-------
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
i 0.7
n
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
O.i
20.0 30.0
40.0 50.0 60.0
IN MYS
0
I
70.0 80.0 .90.0
FIGURE 3-55
Growth Data on Male White Leghorn Chickens
(See Table 3-12 for points and references)
1991A
3-165
09/02/87
-------
i 0
Oj
I
25. (
I
50.0
75.0
fl€l IN PAYS
100.0
12S.O
150.0
FIGURE 3-56
Growth Data on Female White Leghorn Chickens
(See Table 3-12 for points and references)
1991A
3-166
09/02/87
-------
250
200
! 150
i
n
4 100
50
(
: :
! ft i
I ° i
i i
i |
i i
i !
10 i
! i
i ! 0
i i
01 «
! « i
i I
« ! i
i i
° Oj i
i !
ft i i
e 1 !
1 !
«• j !
fi " \ i
/ ! !
i i i
i : ;
: : i
i i i
! f !
i : ! -
i« °i 1 "'
0 i i i
i ! i
i i i
1 ! !
: ! i
i i i
i ! i
i i i
i i i
: : :
i i i
! 1 1
i i !
i i i
i i i
• • :
: : i
1 ! !
! i i
; i i i
• • ? =
(III
i.O 2.0 3.0 4.0
ME IN YEARS
5.0
6.0
7.0
FIGURE 3-57
Growth Data on Domestic and Miniature P1gs
(See Table 3-12 for points and references)
1991A
3-167
09/02/87
-------
i
n
250
200
V
(f 150
100
50
100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0
ACE IN PAYS
500.0
600.0
FIGURE 3-58
Growth Data on Larger Domestic P1gs
[Data from Pond et al. (1985) and Conalty (1967)]
1991A
3-168
09/02/87
-------
200
!
x
c
ISO
50
25
0 |
1
i
1^ I I I
i.O 2.0 3.0 4.0
ME IN YE APS
5.0
6.0
7.0
FIGURE 3-59
Growth Data on Smaller Domestic P1gs
(See Table 3-12 for points and references)
1991A
3-169
09/02/87
-------
ID
ID
TABLH 3-13
Growth and Body Height Data on Wildlife
O
U3
O
ro
Species/Strain
Ferrets/domestic
Ferrets/domestic
Ferrets/NS
Harmots/yel low-bell led
Harmots/yel 1 ow-bel 1 1 ed
Harmots/yel low-be! 1 led
Marmots/yellow-bellied
Marmots/yellow-bellied
Marmots/yellow-bellied
Harmots/yel 1 ow-bel 1 1 ed
Harmots/yel low-be! 1 led
Harmots/yel low-be! 1 1 ed
Harmots/yel 1 ow-bel 1 1 ed
Harmots/yel low-be! 1 1 ed
Harmots/yel low-be! 1 led
Harmots/yellow-bellled
Hlnk/NS
Hink/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hink/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Sex
female
male
male
female
female
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
No. of
Animals
NS
NS
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
Age
(days)
adult
adult
young
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
90
90
103
103
118
118
132
132
146
146
Height
(kg)
0.67500
2.02500
0.71150
3.81000
3.86000
4.62000
4.76000
4.95000
5.19000
5.29000
5.32000
5.33000
5.39000
5.45000
5.46000
5.50000
0.75000
0.76000
0.86100
0.87600
0.91900
0.93400
0.92000
0.95500
0.97100
0.98400
Variance
1.27E-002
1.14E-001
6.28E-003
5.76E-002
5.76E-002
2.81E-001
2.92E-001
3.03E-001
3.48E-001
4.36E-001
3.97E-001
4.23E-001
3.72E-001
4.10E-001
4.62E-001
4. 49 E -001
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
1.11E-002
NS
1.53E-002
Reference
Hoody et al.t 1985
Hoody et al.f 1985
Vinegar et al., 1985
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
/at/m
-------
10
TABLE 3-13 (cont.)
Species/Strain Sex
CO
1
-J
o
10
o
ro
*x_
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
H1nk/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
H1nk/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
H1nk/NS
H1nk/NS
Hink/NS
H1nk/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
H1nk/NS
H1nk/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
female
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
24
6
5
6
Age
(days)
160
160
174
174
188
188
202
202
214
214
230
230
245
245
261
261
275
275
292
292
306
306
320
320
438
438
90
90
103
Weight
(kg)
0.99900
1.03900
1.04100
1.06600
1.03100
1.06500
1.02000
1.05800
1.01400
1.04100
0.93700
0.96800
0.98900
1.01800
0.92700
0.97000
0.93300
0.96200
0.90900
0.94100
0.93600
0.96800
0.94700
0.96500
0.81100
0.82100
1.08300
1.13700
1.29700
Variance
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
NS
.57E-002
NS
.70E-002
NS
.25E-002
NS
.88E-002
NS
.31E-002
NS
.80E-002
NS
.14E-003
NS
.15E-002
NS
.49E-002
NS
8.06E-003
2
2
5
4
3
NS
.46E-002
NS
.42E-003
NS
.89E-003
.39E-002
NS
.48E-002
Reference
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
Aulerlch
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
,1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
, 1979
CO
-------
TABLE 3-13 (cont.)
10
LD
3»
Species/Strain
Hlnk/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
H1nk/NS
Hink/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hink/NS
" Hlnk/NS
^ Hink/NS
1X3 Hink/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hink/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hink/NS
Hink/NS
H1nk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hlnk/NS
o Hlnk/NS
\ Hlnk/NS
3 Hink/NS
Sex
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
male
No. of
Animals
5
5
6
5
6
5
6
6
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
6
5
Age
(days)
103
118
118
132
132
146
146
160
160
174
174
188
188
202
202
214
214
230
230
245
245
261
261
275
275
292
292
306
306
320
Height
(kg)
1.33900
1.37800
1.42700
1.56900
1.56900
1.59100
1.63100
1.64900
1.66900
1.65400
1.68600
1.68000
1.71000
1.76600
1.78100
1.73100
1.73200
1.56400
1.61300
1.59600
1.64900
1.48300
1.53500
1.47600
1.55300
1.49600
1.59100
1.60700
1.66900
1.59500
Variance
NS
NS
5.71E-002
NS
2.27E-002
NS
3.60E-003
3.97E-003
NS
1.44E-003
NS
1.37E-003
NS
1.02E-003
NS
1.09E-003
NS
NS
1.76E-003
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Reference
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
Aulerich et al., 1979
Aulerlch et al., 1979
O3
-------
TABLE 3-13 (cont.)
IO
3>
co
i
Species/Strain
Hlnk/NS
H1nk/NS
Hlnk/NS
H1nk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Hlnk/NS
Voles/meadow
Voles/meadow
Voles/NS
Sex
male
male
male
both
both
both
both
both
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
6
6
5
NS
NS
NS
NS
28
7
NS
Age
(days)
320
438
438
1
1
28
28
176
45
NS
Weight
(kg)
1.67200
1.64000
1.69200
0.00930
0.00962
0.15760
0.16500
0.04100
0.04500
0.04100
Variance
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
5.62E-005
5.62E-005
NS
Reference
Aulerlch et al.,
Aulerlch et al.,
Aulerlch et al..
Aulerlch et al.,
Aulerlch et al.,
Aulerlch et al..
Aulerlch et al.,
Lee and Horvath,
LaughUn et al.,
NAS, 1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1969
1975
CO
NS = Not specified
o
IO
o
ro
GO
-------
50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 230.0 300.0
ASl IN MYS
350.0 400.0 450.0
FIGURE 3-60
Recommended Growth Curve for Hale Mink
(See Table 3-13 for points and references)
Source: Aulerlch et al., 1979
1991A
3-174
09/02/87
-------
1.85
50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0
IN PAYS
FIGURE 3-61
Recommended Growth Curve for Female Mink
(See Table 3-13 for points and references)
Source: AuleMch et.al., 1979
1991A
3-175
09/02/87
-------
The variations 1n the weight of both sexes during the last 250 days of the
study suggest a seasonal effect. While Figures 3-60 and 3-61 can be used to
estimate recommended body weights for young and mature animals, the seasonal
effects should be appreciated as a source of error, particularly 1n these
and other wildlife species.
Since bloassays on mink are not standardized In duration, reference
subchronlc and chronic body weights are not recommended. TWA body weights
can be calculated from Figures 3-60 and 3-61. These curves can be extended
using recommended mature body weights of 1.7 kg for males and 1.0 kg for
females.
1991A 3-176 09/02/87
-------
4. INHALATION RATES
The U.S. EPA (1980) has recommended the use of a reference value of 20
m3/day for humans (10 m3 breathing volume during the workday). The
Inhalation rate for the ICRP Reference Man Is 23 mVday (9.6 m3 breath-
Ing volume at work during light activity). Other recommended values are 21
mVday for an adult woman, 15 mVday for a 10-year-old child, 3.8
mVday for a 1-year-old Infant and 0.8 mVday for a newborn (Snyder et
a!., 1975).
Minute volumes for the reference man resting and performing light
activity are 7.5 and 20 8./m1nute, respectively. The reference minute
volume for light activity Is reasonably close to the reported values for
adult humans given 1n Table 4-1. Assuming that man rests for 8 hours and Is
Involved 1n light activity for 16 hours each day, the resting minute volume
can be multiplied by a factor of 2.1 to approximate a TWA minute volume over
an entire day [((7.5x8hr)t(20xl6hr))/24hr)/7.5=2.H]. Unless this activity
factor Is used on the human data, the allometrlc equations discussed In this
section substantially underestimate human breathing volumes for adolescents
and adults. Rigorous evaluation of human values 1s outside the scope of
this text. Additional Information Is provided 1n U.S. EPA (1985a). Since
the minute volumes reported In the literature for experimental mammals and
other animals were made when the animals were at rest and not under condi-
tions of normal activity, a similar activity factor could be proposed for
these species. This factor Is not applied to the allometrlc equations for
nonhuman animals because 1n most toxldty studies the activity of the
animals Is restricted by confinement. The use of upper or lower bounds of
the allometrlc equations should be considered 1f hyperact1v1ty or lethargy
Is reported. In some Instances 1n which the exposed dose must be estimated
1992A 4-1 09/03/87
-------
TABLE 4-1
Inhalation Data on Various Animal Groups
10
PO
o
CO
CD
Group
Primates
Laboratory
rodents
Species Strain
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
human
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
guinea
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
pig Hartley
pig Hartley, C.R.
pig Hartley, C.R.
pig Hartley, large
pig Hartley, small
pig Hartley
p'g
pig
p'g
pig
pig
pig
p'g
pig
pig
Sex
H&F
H&F
H&F
H&F
F
F
n
N
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
H&F
n
H
NS
NS
H&F
F
F
n
H
n
H
N
H
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
4
6
8
21
20
29
16
37
15
15
15
22
12
10
10
15
23
15
8
4
NS
6
39
4
4
NS
6
10
6
10
10
5
36
6
6
6
2
200
49
61
NS
8
Age
(days)
12.593
12.593
12,593
17,885
6.6
9,855
5
9.855
8
35
63
<1
<1
NS
NS
91
<1
120
NS
<1
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
98
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
3
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Weight
(kg)
NS
NS
NS
74.0
3.420
64.150
3.670
94.550
NS
NS
NS
3.40
3.50
NS
NS
NS
3.430
NS
NS
3.470
70
68.50
2.630
4.050
4.050
2.680
2.680
0.5120
0.32550
0.32550
0.8170
0.2690
0.350
0.340
0.3090
0.3790
0.09110
0.2190
0.4770
0.4660
0.4710
0.1940
Hlnute
Volume
(I)
5.40
5.90
5.90
7.70
0.57090
8.0
0.61240
9.80
0.690
0.810
1.080
1.3930
1.4110
1.41230
1.41230
1.440
1.4920
1.530
1.57730
1.9830
7.50
8.730
1.0140
1.120
1.120
0.860
0.8630
0.1710
0.0790
0.1040
0.4040
0.2530
0.24970
0.220
0.25450
0.26460
0.07610
0.1390
0.1540
0.1560
0.160
0.1620
Reference
Haxwell et al., 1985
Haxwell et al., 1985
Haxwell et al., 1985
White et al.. 1985
Cross. 1949
Altken et al.. 1986
Cross, 1949
Altken et al. 1986
Haddad et al. 1979
Haddad et al. 1979
Haddad et al. 1979
Fisher et al. 1982
Fisher et al. 1982
Fisher et al. 1982
Fisher et al. 1982
Haddad et al. 1979
Fisher et al. 1982
Haddad et al. 1979
Fisher et al. 1982
Fisher et al. 1982
Hugh-Jones et al.. 1978
Guyton, 1947
Karel and Weston. 1946
Liu and DeLauter, 1977
Liu and DeLauter, 1977
Lumb, 1963
Guyton, 1947
Hauderly et al., 1979
Horlke et al., 1982
Horlke et al., 1982
Blake and Banchero, 1985
Blake and Banchero. 1985
Skornlk et al., 1981
Hurphy and Ulrlch, 1964
Hurphy and Ulrlch, 1964
Hurphy and Ulrlch, 1964
Hortola, 1984
Amdur and Head, 1958
Guyton, 1947
Guyton, 1947
Lumb, 1963
Head. 1960
-------
TABLE 4-1 (cont.)
VO
ro
o
ID
o
CO
00
Group
Laboratory
rodents
(cont.)
Species
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
mice
mice
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
Strain
Syrlan[Sch:Syr]
Syrian
Djungarlan
golden
golden
Syrian FIB
Syrian FIB
Syrian FIB
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
white
white
white
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA Ca Lac Cbl
CBA
CBA
CBA
CBA
CD-I
CD-I
CD-I
HA/ICR
HA/ICR
SwlssWebLAI/COX
Sex
M&F
M&F
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
N
H
H
NS
No. of
Animals
10
10
12
10
16
10
10
10
8
7
40
4
4
4
4
NS
65
5
56
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
19
9
10
8
8
10
NS
Age
(days)
98
112
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
105
NS
NS
NS
5
NS
NS
2.8
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
20
31
51
91
37
55.5
74
90
69
NS
NS
Height
(kg)
0.110
0.1110
0.03240
0.11540
0.110
0.06380
0.08860
0.1020
0.1080
0.1420
0.1290
0.090
0.10
0.130
0.00643
0.0910
0.0920
0.00250
0.020
0.02370
0.02190
0.02450
0.02660
0.03130
0.02690
0.03310
0.03550
0.03890
0.0080
0.0140
0.02450
0.02450
0.02620
0.03130
0.03740
0.03380
0.02990
0.03040
0.01980
Minute
Volume
(l)
0.050
0.050
0.02240
0.04202
0.07090
0.03450
0.04050
0.0420 „
0.02930
0.05041
0.0710
0.030
0.0330
0.0420
0.00298
0.050
0.0610
0.00230
0.0240
0.02090
0.02190
0.02190
0.02820
0.03050
0.03160
0.03430
0.04170
0.04950
0.01450
0.0160
0.0220
0.02950
0.03799
0.05039
0.06769
0.03617
0.05083
0.04880
0.0230
Reference
Hauderly et al., 1979
Hauderly and Tesarek
Schlenker, 1985
Holloway and Heath.
Javaherl and Lucey,
Schlenker, 1984
Schlenker. 1984
Schlenker. 1984
Strope et al., 1980
Walker et al.. 1985
Rubin et al., 1978
Chapln, 1955
Chapln. 1955
Chapln, 1955
Hortola and Noworaj,
Lumb, 1963
Guyton, 1947
Hortola, 1984
Guyton, 1947
DePledge, 1985
DePledge, 1985
DePledge, 1985
DePledge, 1985
DePledge, 1985
DePledge, 1985
DePledge, 1985
DePledge, 1985
DePledge, 1985
Crlborn, 1969
Crlborn, 1969
Crlborn, 1969
Crlborn, 1969
Falrchlld. 1972
Falrchlld, 1972
Falrchlld, 1972
Falrchlld, 1972
Falrchlld, 1972
Schlenker. 1985
Lumb, 1963
. 1975
1984
1986
1985
-------
TABLE 4-1 (cont.)
us
U3
ro
o
co
•>
CO
Group
Laboratory
rodents
(cont.)
Species
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
Strain
F344/CM Lov
F344/CM Lov
F344/CM Lov
F344/CM Lov
Long-Evans
Fisher
F334/CM Lov
F334/CM Lov
F334/CM Lov
F334/CM Lov
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
Sprague-Dawley
Wlstar, Charles
Wlstar, Charles
F344/CM Lov
F344/CM Lov
F344/CM Lov
F344/CM Lov
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
F344
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sex
H&F
H&F
H&F
H&F
H&F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
No. of
Animals
20
20
20
20
10
32
10
10
10
10
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
19
11
12
12
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
NS
5
5
12
8
5
8
8
Age
(days)
365
183
91
730
98
NS
365
183
91
730
77
91
238
161
280
322
112
196
NS
97
99
365
91
730
183
77
91
280
238
322
112
161
196
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Weight
(kg)
0.2930
0.2670
0.1820
0.3310
NS
0.2330
0.2190
0.1990
0.1450
0.2550
0.14610
0.15790
0.1940
0.180
0.20140
0.20690
0.16670
0.19080
0.2510
NS
NS
0.3680
0.2910
0.4070
0.3360
0.21840
0.24850
0.38880
0.36630
0.40950
0.27980
0.31780
0.34280
0.40
0.40
0.40
NS
NS
NS
0.3060
0.4350
0.3050
0.3050
Minute
Volume
U)
0.1950
0.2380
0.240
0.2590
0.2150
0.1610
0.1540
0.1810
0.2160
0.2540
0.14430
0.1470
0.15390
0.15540
0.15590
0.15840
0.1590
0.16720
0.1750
0.09820
0.1930
0.2360
0.2640
0.2640
0.2920
0.16140
0.18610
0.19110
0.1920
0.20040
0.20130
0.20380
0.21550
0.1450
0.1450
0.1450
0.1540
0.1540
0.1750
0.19030
0.20611
0.21380
0.2150
Reference
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Diamond and O'Donnell, 191
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Cunnings and Heltcamp, 19(
Hartln-Body and Sinclair,
Hartln-Body and Sinclair,
Hauderly. 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly, 1986
Hauderly. 1986
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Dorato et al. 1983
Bowen and Carpenter, 1979
Bowen and Carpenter, 1979
Bowen et al., 1979
Johanson and Pierce, 1971
Johanson and Pierce. 1971
Johanson and Pierce, 1971
Lai et al.. 1978
Holloway and Heath, 1984
Lai et al., 1978
Lai et al., 1978
7
n
1985
1985
-------
TABLE 4-1 (cont.)
rv>
o
CD
00
Group
Laboratory
rodents
(cont.)
Other
laboratory
mammals
Species
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
Strain
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
Wlstar
cotton
cotton
white
white
white
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
mongrel
beagle
beagle
mongrel
beagle
beagle
Sex
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
H&F
H&F
H8.F
F
F
F
F
H
H
H
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
16
8
8
10
10
10
6
10
27
NS
35
NS
32
4
48
4
NS
6
19
4
6
6
6
12
100
20
50
10
36
1
50
10
1
12
39
3
1
1
1
1
Age
(days)
NS
NS
NS
35
49
70
NS
126
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
2
NS
1.7
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
547
364
395.5
1,277.5
395.5
1,277.5
3,375
3.650
395.5
1.277.5
1,460
NS
210
1
NS
NS
NS
NS
Weight
(kg)
0.4250
0.2840
0.2910
0.05230
0.10980
0.21130
0.30
0.29850
0.0770
0.0770
0.1130
0.1120
0.110
0.00720
0.30
0.11880
2.450
2.750
2.40
2.550
3.250
3.250
3.620
9.0
9.10
11.10
8.40
10
10.90
13.50
10
12.0
59.0
9.20
9.10
0.29720
16.40
28.60
19.10
30.50
Minute
Volume
U)
0.2390
0.27580
0.45950
0.08690
0.11290
0.16150
0.17220
0.22490
0.040
0.040
0.0730
0.0740
0.0760
0.00660
0.2750
0.0950
0.3220
0.420
0.48050
0.68350
0.77380
0.7850
0.830
3.30
3.720
4.060
3.60
3.610
3.810
6.60
3.650
4.510
11.90
1.6620
5.280
0.24180
4.10
5.150
5.450
6.250
Reference
Bartlett and Tennet, 1970
Lai et al., 1978
La1 et al., 1978
Leong et al. 1964
Leong et al. 1964
Leong et al. 1964
Walker et al , 1985
Leong et al. 1964
Guyton, 1947
Lumb, 1963
Guyton, 1947
Lumb, 1963
Guyton, 1947
Hortola, 1984
Lin et al., 1983
Hortola. 1984
Lumb, 1963
Hazzarell! et al.. 1986
Wang and Nlms. 1948
Bartlett and Tennet. 1970
Slafakas et al.. 1983
Slafakas et al., 1983
Gautler. 1986
Hauderly et al., 1979
Hauderly, 1974
Hauderly, 1974
Hauderly, 1974
Hauderly, 1974
Hauderly, 1974
Amoroso et al., 1964
Hauderly, 1974
Hauderly. 1974
Amoroso et al., 1964
Stara et al.. 1980
Plckrell et al. 1971
Hortola, 1984
Lumb, 1963
Lumb, 1963
Lumb, 1963
Lumb, 1963
-------
TABLE 4-1 (cont.)
O
CO
CO
Group
Other
laboratory
mammals
(cont.)
Livestock
Species
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
camel
cattle
cattle
cattle
chicken
chicken
donkey
goat
horse
horse
horse
horse
horse
horse
horse
horse
horse
horse
mule
pig
pig
pig
pig
sheep
sheep
sheep
Strain
Dutch
New Zealand white
New Zealand white
New Zealand white
guernsey, fg
guernsey, fg
Jersey, heifer
leghorn
several
Shetland type
Fquus caballus
Shetland type
Shetland type
Equus caballus
Equus caballus
Equus caballus
Equus caballus
Shetland type
Sus scrofa
Ovls arles
Sex
H&F
H&F
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
F
F
F
H&F
NS
F
F
H&F
F
F
F
H
H
H
H
H
NS
H
F
NS
NS
NS
F
H
NS
No. of
Animals
42
9
5
5
4
31
NS
58
NS
1
1
1
6
NS
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NS
1
1
8
3
15
1
6
7
Age
(days)
NS
98
NS
NS
1.7
NS
NS
NS
NS
1,460
2.920
730
NS
NS
1,825
1,095
NS
9,125
NS
NS
NS
2.190
2.920
5,475
NS
1,971
4.745
183
1.3
1
114
730
NS
NS
Weight
(kg)
2
3
.0510
.0
2.170
2
0
2
2
2
550
460
410
340
1
2
120
52
167
500
135
161
510
410
360
600
205
481
210
17
1
1
30
52
36
38
.170
.07930
.020
.070
.0
.80
.60
.50
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.180
.16700
.0
.0
.0
Minute
Volume
(l)
1.6450
1.240
0.4490
0.7440
0.05540
0.80
0.80
0.920
55.0
125.60
127.80
59.30
0.4050
0.3230
19.10
12.340
28.60
31.20
23.20
45.20
35.10
40.0
54.10
59.70
19.90
208.0
19.50
19.10
0.46920
0.66590
7.2570
28.0
5.580
7.60
Reference
Barrow et al. ,
Hauderly et al
1971
., 1979
Haskrey and Nlcol, 1980
Haskrey and Nlcol. 1980
Hortola. 1984
Guyton, 1947
Lumb, 1963
Barrow. 1976
Hugh-Jones et
Amoroso et al.
Amoroso et al.
Amoroso et al.
Gleeson, 1986
Laslewskl and
Amoroso et al.
Hatklns et al.
Hauderly. 1975
Amoroso et al.
Hauderly, 1975
Hauderly. 1975
Amoroso et al.
Amoroso et al.
Amoroso et al.
Amoroso et al.
Hauderly, 1975
NAS, 1971
Amoroso et al.
Amoroso et al.
Clement et al.
Hortola, 1984
Clement et al.
Amoroso et al.
Albelda et al.
Abraham et al.
al., 1978
. 1964
, 1964
, 1964
Calder,
, 1964
, 1973
. 1964
. 1964
. 1964
, 1964
, 1964
. 1964
, 1964
, 1986
, 1986
. 1964
. 1986
. 1981
1971
-------
TABLE 4-1 (cont.)
in
> Group Species
Wildlife deer
ferret
fox
fox
giraffe
lemming
lemming
lemming
lemming
llama
lynx
•*». lynx
manatee
marmot
muskrat
porpoise
seal
sloth
sloth
squirrel
squirrel
vole
vole
weasel
weasel
o wolverine
co wolverine
Strain
red
Arctic
Arctic
brownng
brown
collared
varying
Canada
Bradypus grlse-
Cholepus hoffm-
Arctlc ground
Arctic ground
tundra
tundra
least
least
Sex
NS
H
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
H&F
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
NS
9
3
NS
NS
NS
6
6
NS
NS
1
NS
NS
NS
10
NS
NS
NS
NS
3
NS
6
NS
4
NS
NS
3
Age
(days)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Weight
(kg)
83
0
3
3
400
0
0
0
0
105
12
12
250
2
0
170
27
3
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
14
14
.0
.71150
.60
.60
.0640
.0640
.0470
.0470
.0
.930
.930
.130
,79450
.520
.10
.50
.680
.460
.0320
.0320
.0750
.0750
.0
.10
Minute
Volume
U)
9
0
0
0
30
0
0
0
0
8
3
3
45
0
0
9
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
.0
.1570
.6850
.6850
.0
.05220
.05220
.03020
.03010
.50
.740
.740
.0
.1740
.3550
.70
.970
.4850
.8440
.4290
.4290
.02740
.02740
.05350
.05350
.9360
.9360
Reference
Hugh-Jones
Vinegar et
Casey et al
Withers et
Hugh-Jones
Withers et
Casey et al
Casey et al
Withers et
Hugh-Jones
Casey et al
Withers et
Lumb, 1963
Lumb, 1963
MacArthur,
Lumb, 1963
Lumb, 1963
Lumb, 1963
Lumb, 1963
Casey et al
Withers et
Casey et al
Withers et
Casey et al
Withers et
Withers et
Casey et al
et
al
* »
al
et
al
• t
• »
al
et
« t
al
al., 1978
.. 1985
1979
.. 1979
al., 1978
., 1979
1979
1979
., 1979
al., 1978
1979
., 1979
1984
* t
al
• t
al
• t
al
al
• t
1979
., 1979
1979
., 1979
1979
., 1979
., 1979
1979
CO
-------
TABLE 4-1 (cent.)
wJ
If*
vo Group Species Strain
rvj
Birds bobwhlte
burrowing owl
duck white poking
duck
goose
ostrich
pigeon
quail painted
Other lizard monitor
turtle diamond-back
Sex
n&F
H&F
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
5
5
5
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
4
NS
Age
(days)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Height
(kg)
0.1990
0.1660
2.50
1.60
6.80
88.0
0.3820
0.04340
0.030
0.6850
Minute
Volume
(I)
0.1350
0.1290
0.9310
0.7650
1.50
8.10
0.12740
0.02380
0.00140
0.0510
Reference
Boggs and Kllgore. 1983
Boggs and Kllgore. 1983
Jones, 1985
Laslewskl and Calder, 1971
Laslewskl and Calder, 1971
Laslewskl and Calder. 1971
Laslewskl and Calder, 1971
Laslewskl and Calder. 1971
Blckler and Anderson, 1986
Lumb, 1963
NS = Not specified
I
CO
o
CO
-------
from studies on Inhalation exposure of free-living animals, the use of an
activity correction factor may be appropriate.
The U.S. EPA (1980) has used the following equations to calculate
Inhalation rates (I) 1n units of mVday for mice and rats:
9/1
I (mice) = 0.0345[W/0.025] (4-1)
?/i
I (rats) = 0.105[W/0.133r/'i (4-2)
where W 1s body weight 1n kg. The equation for rats Is based on observa-
tions summarized by Altman and DHtmer (1972) and originally published by
Guyton (1947), 1n which rats with a mean body weight of 0.1128 had a mean
minute volume of 72.9 ma (0.105 mVday). The equation for mice 1s simi-
larly derived but the mouse weight 1s erroneously Indicated to be 0.025 kg.
The actual value reported by Guyton (1947) Is 0.0198 kg and Is reported 1n
Altman and DHtmer (1972) as 0.02 kg. The minute volume reported by Guyton
(1947) 1s 24.54 mil (0.0353 mVday). Taking body weight ratios to the
2/3 power assumes that breathing rates are proportional to body surface area.
Reported minute volumes for a wide range of animals at rest are
summarized 1n Table 4-1 and Illustrated 1n Figures 4-1 (linear plot) and 4-2
(log-log plot). While Figure 4-2 shows a relatively clear relationship
between log body weight and log minute volume, certain points are atypical
and are not considered 1n the derivation of recommended values. Three of
these points come from the study by Amoroso et al. (1964): sheep, miniature
pigs, and Guernsey cattle. Host of the reported values given by Amoroso et
al. (1964) are high compared with other studies. In this study, tidal
volume was measured by a flow transducer attached to a mask that was sealed
with jelly and made a1r-t1ght with an Inflatable cuff. In addition, none of
the animals were trained or subjected to such measurements prior to the
published recordings. These factors may have contributed to the atyplcally
high recorded minute volumes.
1992A 4-9 09/03/87
-------
Q
0
•H
J
C
0
3
C
-rt
240
200
ISO
120
1 1 1 1
•
•
•
•
is* >f"
, , . ,
•
.'
p, , ,', 1
....
B
....
, , . , .
•
•
....
....
•
« .
• • • ..
•
•
•
•
-
-
•
• .
1 , , ,'
100 200 200 400
Body Weight In Kilogronc
500
£00
FIGURE 4-1
Linear Plot of the Relationship of
Minute Volume (a) to Body Height (kg)
1992A
4-10
08/14/87
-------
o
u
6
J
c
l.EX>3
1.1002
i.iooi
e i.EOCC
* i.I-Oi
3
c
1.1-02
1.1-03
1 1 1
•
-
•
•
•
! ' ' '
•y rf
«?; : *
•
<• . .!
! ' ' '
• -i
1*$- •
i S
i/
, , ,i
1 . > .
•
c
' '". ' *
.-•kj-j*
•-v
•
1 II
! ' ' '
•
mm
"•"'•-^f
^ ' *•
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•
, , ,
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•
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• ' '• —
-
1 1 1
1.1-03 i.E-02 l.I-Oi l.COOO l.KOi 1.E002
Body Weight, in Kilogromn
1.1003
FIGURE 4-2
Log-Log Plot of the Relationship of
Minute Volume (a) to Body Weight (kg)
1992A
4-11
08/14/87
-------
In the study by La1 et al. (1978), one group of rats, subjected to
trachea! cannulatlon without anesthesia, had an atyplcally high mean minute
volume compared with three other groups 1n the study and compared with
minute volumes of rats reported In other studies. This group of rats 1s not
used 1n the recommendation of reference values.
Also excluded are reported minute volumes for the Monitor lizard (Lumb,
1963), the Diamond-back turtle (Blckler and Anderson, 1986) and the value
reported for horses by NAS (1971).
The exclusion of the above points 1s not Intended to suggest that the
studies were flawed or that the values are erroneous or necessarily outliers
1n the statistical sense. Given the experimental difficulties In recording
minute volumes, the substantial degree of scatter 1s to be expected.
Nonetheless, the excluded points are clearly at variance with the majority
of the data on the same species or other species of similar body weights.
The exclusion of these points does not have a substantial effect on the
statistical analyses below or on the recommendations of reference Inhalation
rates for risk assessment.
The work of Guyton (1947) Is the best study of comparative respiratory
volumes In laboratory animals and 1s commonly dted 1n the recent literature
as the basis for assumed respiratory volumes. Guyton (1947) used five
different methods, only one of which Involved anesthesia, to measure respi-
ratory rates of animals at rest. As noted by Guyton (.1947) and confirmed by
the larger data set 1n Figure 4-2, there 1s a strong positive correlation
between body weight and minute volume for species, covering a substantial
weight range (0.0066-600 kg). As noted by Guyton (1947) and Adolph (1949),
however, this relationship does not appear to be based on the surface area
proportionality. Guyton (1947) proposed a proportionality of body weight to
1992A 4-12 09/03/87
-------
the 3/4 power. An analysis of the data summarized 1n Table 4-1, excluding
only those points discussed previously, bears out this relationship remark-
ably well:
In HV = -0.88 + 0.7579 In (W) (4-3)
or
MV = 0.46 (W)0'7579 (4-4)
This relationship, along with summary statistics, 1s Illustrated 1n Figure
4-3. Equations 4-3 and 4-4 are recommended for calculating minute volumes
(MV 1n 8,/mlnute) for body weight (W In kg) for animals at rest If more
specific relationships, detailed below, are not available. Equation 4-4 can
be converted to a dally Inhalation volume (I) by multiplying the right side
of the equation by 1.44 (60 m1nutes/hourx24 hours/day divided by 1000
8,/m3) to yield:
I = 0.66 (W)0'7579 (4-5)
This equation Is based on the breathing pattern of animals reportedly at
rest. When applied to risk assessments, consideration should be given to
upper or lower bound estimates of breathing rates, based on the summary
statistics provided 1n Figure 4-3, 1f unusually high or low levels of
activity are reported In the study under review.
No species, with the possible exceptions of the Monitor lizard and
Diamond-back turtle, are clear outliers to the above relationships. Even
for the apparent outliers, 1t Is unclear If the differences in minute
volumes from those of species of similar body weights are due to true
species differences or experimental variability or error. Nonetheless, 1f
species-specific information Is available on the relationship of body weight
1992A 4-13 09/03/87
-------
t
I i
o
t) -i
+•
3
C
•H -
jn -3
.c
-7
......
-3
0 3
Ln Body Weight
EOl -O.B8283 SE: 0.0281 TI -31.417
Mi 0.75794 Sit 0.010103 TI 75.021
COM: O.SC094 KSI» 0.17593 t>Fi 222
FIGURE 4-3
,,< A „ , Allometrlc Relationship of
Minute Volume (i) to Body Weight (kg) for All Species
1992A
4-14
08/14/87
-------
to Inhalation rate, this Information should be used In deriving species-
specific recommended values. As summarized 1n Table 4-2 and Figures 4-4
through 4-14, species-specific allometrlc equations can be proposed for most
species of concern 1n risk assessment. The high correlation coefficients
noted In Table 4-2 are generally due to separate clusters of points for very
young and adult animals. Most of the data on the breathing rates of newborn
animals come from the work of Mortola (1983, 1984) and Mortola and Noworaj
(1985). Recently, Mortola (1987) reviewed the available data on breathing
In newborn mammals, Including an assessment of allometrlc relationships.
Within either group, young or adult animals, the correlation coefficients
are much lower, reflecting either experimental variability or the Importance
of biological variables other than body weight. This Intraspecles variation
1s particularly evident 1n Figure 4-6, which plots data on individual Rhesus
monkeys reported by Karel and Weston (1946). The data reported by Cross
(1949) appear to be atyplcally low, both for human Infants when compared
with the more recent data of Fisher et al. (1982) as for humans and monkeys
combined (see Figure 4-7). The allometrlc relationship for guinea pigs has
a very low correlation coefficient. The reasons for the poor correlation in
this species are not apparent.
1992A 4-15 09/03/87
-------
TABLE 4-2
AllometMc Relationships for Inhalation Rate
In mVday (I) to Body Weight In kg (W)
Animal Group
All species combined
Monkeys
Guinea pigs
Hamsters
Mice
Rats
Cats
Dogs
Rabbits
Allometrlc
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 1
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
.66
.81
.44
.50
.99
.80
.32
.67
.46
wo
W0
W0
W0
wi
W0
W0
W0
W°
Equation
.7579
.4862
.5156
.9017
.0496
.8206
.5945
.7091
.8307
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
r2
.96
.72
.32
.86
.87
.77
.81
.89
.88
Figure
4-3
4-5
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
4-13
4-14
1992A
4-16
09/03/87
-------
2.4
6 .
3
o 1.4
9
C
C
J
0.9
0.4
•0.1
[.2
2.2 3.2
Ln Body Weight
4.2
9.2
E>: -0.70048 Sit 0.22409 T« -3.1258
Di: 0.65865 SI: 0.070967 T> 9.281
COKE: 0.94656 MSI: 0.14002 »Fi 10
FIGURE 4-4
Allometrlc Relationship of
Minute Volume (I) to Body Height (kg) for Humans
1992A
4-17
08/14/87
-------
0.14
§ 0>09
3
0 0.04
0
+>
3
C
C
-0.06
-0.11
-0.1
I ¥ I » I T 1 II ^••* J Illlllll | I
I t ..«•• i
106
116 126
Ln Body Weight
K>: -0.56924 SH 0.20599 Ti -2.7634
Dl: 0.48&1G SO 0.17675 Tt 2.7506
COEBi O.C462 VSU 6.S944K-3 ITi 3
I I I
136
(X0.01)
FIGURE 4-5
Allometrlc Relationship of
Minute Volume (8.) to Body Height (kg) for Monkeys
(All data 1n Table 4-1)
1992A
4-18
08/14/87
-------
6
C
9
H
0
3
C
c
0.6
0.5
0.2
-0,4
-0,7
i I t .j...V"T'l
78
58 108
Ln Body Weight
118
128
(X0.01)
101 -1.0573 SEi 0.39644 TI -2.6669
EH 1.0381 SI: 0.40928 TI 2.53S5
COE1: 0.39487 ¥Bli 0.14022 MI 37
FIGURE 4-6
Allometrlc Relationship of Minute Volume (i)
to Body Height (kg) for Individual Rhesus Monkeys
(Data from Karel and Heston, 1946, not summarized In Table 4-1)
1992A
4-19
08/14/87
-------
2.4
1.9
o 0.9
4*
9
£ 0.4
•0.1
-0.6
!•»' I I H.-*'l til
I I I I I t I t
2 3
Ln Body Height
E0« -0.74125 SIJ 0.13836 T« -3.3575
Oil 0.66789 SI: 0.050731 T> 13.165
GOES! 0.95935 &£* 0.095919 MI 15
FIGURE 4-7
AllometMc Relationship of Minute Volume (a)
to Body Height (kg) for Humans and Monkeys Combined
1992A
4-20
08/14/87
-------
-o.e
-1.1
H -1.4
0
5 -1.7
9
C
•H _
& -2
C
-2.3
-2.6
I 1 I l I l ..'•' I I I I I I I I T I ._i-'"i'' I I
-2.4
-2.0
-1.6
-1.2
-.8
-.4
.0
Ln Body Weight
EOs -1.1909 Sit 0.25402 T« -4.6884
Bi« 0.51559 Sit 0.21094 T» 2.4442
COEIJ 0.56113 ICE: 0.15895 DFi 13
FIGURE 4-8
Allometrlc Relationship of Hlnute Volume (I)
to Body Weight (kg) for Guinea P1gs
1992A
4-21
08/14/87
-------
3
H
0
C
•rt
-1.9
-2.9
-3.9
c -4,9
5.1
-3.1
Ln Body Weight
-2.1
-1.1
EOi -1.054 SIJ 0.24428 T« -4.3147
Bit 0.30168 Sli 0.094009 Ti 9.5914
COM: 0.92726 tSC: 0.076956 D?i 15
FIGURE 4-9
Allometrlc Relationship of Minute Volume
to Body Height (kg) for Hamsters
1992A
4-22
08/14/87
-------
o
•2.1
-3.1
-4.1
c
•ri
C
c -5.1
-6,1
i «..••! I..-*!' iiiiliiiiliiiiliiiiliiii
H5.0 -5.5 -5.0 -1.5 -4.0
Ln Body Height
-3.5
-3.0
DO: 0.32599 SK> 0.2764 T> 1.1794
DH 1.04% SI: 0.07377 T< 14.228
CORK: 0.53324 HSU 0.045477 K> 20
FIGURE 4-10
Allometrlc Relationship of Minute Volume (l)
to Body Height (kg) for Mice
1992A
4-23
08/14/87
-------
-0.1
-1.1
-2.1
o
3
H
°
0
+»
3 _„ <
c -3.
•H
-4.1
-S.1
-5
-3 -2
Ln Body Weight
EOl -0.57838 SU 0.10607 T: -5.4331
Dli 0.62061 611 0.0&3S7 Ti 12.SOS
COSIt 0.07704 t£I> 0.0^214 11: 50
FIGURE 4-11
Allometrlc Relationship of Minute Volume
to Body Weight (kg) for Rats
1992A
4-24
08/14/87
-------
Ci
B
3
c
.0
-.4
-.8
-1.2
* -1.6
-2.0
e
-2.
4
-2.2
COt -1.1267 SZt 0.10625 T> -10.623
Dit 0.59451 Si: 0.091748 Ti £.4798
C0££i 0.89869 MBit 0.07798 m 10
-1.2 -0.2 0.8
Ln Body Weight
1.8
FIGURE 4-12
Allometrlc Relationship of Minute Volume (si)
to Body Weight (kg) for Cats
1992A
4-25
08/14/87
-------
2.5
c 1.5
0
>
c
•H
E
e
0.5
-0.5
-1.5
-1.3
•0.3
0.7 1.7 2.7
Ln Body Weight.
3.7
4.7
K>! -0.39103 SU 0.17066 Tt -2.2913
Dli 0.7091 6H O.OS5154 T> 10.DS3
COM i 0.54212 HSU 0.07CS04 Ml 15
FIGURE 4-13
AllometMc Relationship of Minute Volume (a)
to Body Height (kg) for Dogs
1992A
4-26
08/14/87
-------
l.i
O
9
C
-0.9
-1.9
-2.9
I I V •
, , , ..... .
-2.6
-1.6 -0.6
Ln Body Weight
0.4
1.4
SO: -0.7827 SI» 0.14872 TI -5.2627
Bit 0.63065 6H 0.1277 T: 6.5048
COll! 0.93585 «SI» 0.15914 HI 6
. FIGURE 4-14
Allometrlc Relationship of Minute Volume (I)
to Body Weight (kg) for Rabbits
1992A
4-27
08/14/87
-------
5. WATER CONSUMPTION
The U.S. EPA (1980) has used a reference value of 2 a/day for water
consumption of a 70 kg man. The Office of Drinking Water uses this value
and a reference drinking water rate of 1 fi./day for a 10 kg child. The
Agency has not adopted recommended values for experimental animals.
The rate of water consumption can be affected by many factors Including
ambient temperature, level of activity, diet, and abnormal physiological or
pathological conditions. Chew (1965) extensively reviewed the literature on
water balance 1n mammals, and a similar review was provided by Bartholomew
and Cade (1963) on land birds. More recent comprehensive reviews were not
found during the preparation of this report. Classic papers on water
metabolism Include those by Adolph (1947) and Bailey (1923). Only a few of
the many examples of factors affecting water Intake are given below.
The effects of reproductive status on water Intake can be substantial.
For Instance, pregnant or lactatlng cows consume about 4 times as much water
as nonlactatlng cows (Mount and Ingram, 1971), and chickens In the egg-
producing stage consume about twice the amount of water of nonprodudng
chickens (Howard, 1975).
Also, several examples have been reported on the effect of diet on water
consumption. For guinea pigs, the amount of "greens" (usually kale or
lettuce) 1n the diet 1s Inversely related to water requirements. Guinea
pigs receiving a green food supplement require only 50-100 ma. water/day,
but without the supplement, guinea pigs require 25-100 ml/day (Edlger,
1976). Dogs consuming canned food, with an average moisture content of 75%,
may not require any additional water consumption (Corbln, 1976). A signifi-
cant Increase In the salt content of the diet can substantially Increase
1993A 5-1 09/03/87
-------
water consumption, as demonstrated in mink when given 1 and 2% salt-enhanced
diets. No change In water consumption was seen 1n mink fed a 0.5% salt-
enhanced diet (Erlkson et al., 1984). Variations of dietary salt within
normal limits does not appear to affect the water Intake of humans (Luft et
al., 1983).
Seasonal differences or changes 1n ambient temperature also can affect
water Intake for Hons (Green et al., 1984) and for turkeys (Parker et al.,
1972). Remarkable decreases In water and food consumption occur In hiber-
nating animals before hibernation for marmots (Zatzman et al., 1984). In
some cases, seasonal differences are not substantial, as with the early food
and water Intake of neonatal calves (Kertz et al., 1984).
In a study on chickens with hereditary diabetes Inslpldus, Dunson et al.
(1972) reviewed Information on several strains of laboratory animals, none
of which are commonly used In toxldty bloassays, with hereditary polydlpsla.
These and other confounding factors may be related to the generally poor
Intraspecles correlations of water Intake and body weight discussed below.
Despite the number of variables that can affect water consumption, Inter-
species correlations covering a wide range of body weights are generally
high. Using data on several mammalian species, Adolph (1943) proposed the
following relationship:
L = 0.01 W°.88 (5-1)
where L Is water consumption 1n ma/hour and W 1s body weight 1n grams. A
similar relationship (W°.9) had been noted somewhat earlier by Rlchter
(1938).
Table 5-1 summarizes data on water consumption for several species of
animals. [Many of the references dted In this- table are reviews or
standard texts (Arrlngton, 1978; Bruce, 1950; Chew, 1975; C1zek, 1961;
1993A 5-2 09/03/87
-------
TABLE 5-1
Water Consumption Data on Various Animal Groups
_,
lO
S Group Species
Primates baboon
human
human
human
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
Laboratory gerbll
V rodents
CO
gerbll
gerbll
I gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
o guinea pig
— i guinea pig
« ^
09
Strain
P. urslnus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
NS
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
Sex No. of Age
Animals (days)
NS
n
N
H 24 6935*
F
F
H
M
NS
MiF 20 215
MiF 16-20 adult
F
F
H
M 11 70-80
M
F
H 5 10
M 5 20
H 5 30
M 5 60
M 5 40
M 5 50
H 5 70
M
Weight
(I/day)
21.1
70
65
78.6
8
9
11
n
5.45
0.06125
0.06125
0.075
0.075
0.085
0.0705
0.085
1.025
0.2
0.27
0.11
0.52
0.415
0.48
0.58
1.2
Water
1.31
2.184
2.275
3.239
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.39
0.0038
0.00565
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.0055
0.004
0.09
0.04
0.052
0.08
0.11
0.115
0.12
0.151
0.09
Reference
Chew, 1965
Adolph and Dili,
1938
Altman and Dlttmer. 1968
Luft et al.t 1983
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton. 1968
Chew, 1965
Harrlman, 1969a
McHanus, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Laugh! In et al.,
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch. 1973
Arrlngton. 1972
•
1975
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cont.)
___^-^— — — — — —
_, Group Species
VO
vO
3*
Laboratory guinea pig
rodents
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
.
guinea pig
i guinea pig
| hamster
i
hamster
hamster
| hamster
! f
\ 3* hamster
1
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
jj mouse
mouse
I
i
f. mouse
i
1 mouse
1
; o mouse
I co mouse
Strain
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
golden
A/J
BALB/c
CB A
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.lCR.BR
C3H
C57Bl/6ams
C57
DBA
Sex
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
F
H
F
F
H
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
No. of
Animals
15
15
15
40
40
40
15
63
15
15
Age
(days)
adult
adult
adult
adult
(100-110)
(100-110)
(100-110)
182
364
546
(100-110)
(100-110)
(100-110)
Weight
(I/day)
0.1
0.8
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
1
1.2
0.0545
0.1175
0.05125
0.09
0.025
0.09
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.0209
0.0201
0.0259
0.03075
0.03475
0.03375
0.0228
0.0252
0.0223
0.0247
Water
0.08
0.084
0.084
0.12
0.145
0.16
0.18
0.09
0.09
0.009
0.01
0.009
0.008
0.005
0.008
0.01
0.02
0.025
0.0047
0.0056
0.0065
0.0063
0.0076
0.00645
0.0062
0.00359
0.0062
0.0079
Reference
Latt, 1976
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al.
Latt, 1976
Latt, 1976
Latt, 1976
Latt, 1976
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Lane-Peter et al.
Latt, 1976
Bruce, 1950
Latt, 1976
Latt, 1976
Latt, 1976
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Chvedoff et al.,
Chvedoff et al..
Chvedoff et al.,
Kutscher, 1974
Suzuki et al., 19
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
, 1967
, 1967
1980
1980
1980
75
CO
mouse
STR/1N
13
152
0.0284
0.0068
Sllversteln. 1960
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cont.)
10
VO
CO
tn
U1
o
o
CO
CO
Group Species
Laboratory mouse
rodents
(cont.) mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
Strain
SHR
white
white
white
A/HeN
A/J
A/LN
BALB/cAnN
BALB/c
CBA
Charles River
Charles River
Crl.CO-1.CR.BR
Crl.CO-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
C3H
C57Bl/6Jms
C57L/HeN
C57
DBA/23N
DBA
STR/N
SIR/IN
SHR
white
white
white
Sex
F
F
f
f
r
n
N
H
N
H
H
H
H
M
H
n
N
M
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
H
H
No. of
Animals
15
8
8
8
12
15
7
8
15
15
7
8
40
40
40
15
60
13
15
9
15
12
8
15
8
8
8
Age
(days)
(100-110)
(105-120)
396
70
152
(100-110)
152
152
(100-110)
(100-110)
adult
adult
182
546
364
(100-110)
152
(100-110)
152
(100-110)
152
152
(100-110)
396
(105-120)
70
Height
(I/day)
0.0217
0.0282
0.0335
0.0248
0.0265
0.0297
0.0252
0.0241
0.0256
0.027
0.031
0.0453
0.0424 -
0.0405
0.04475
0.0455
0.0264
0.0287
0.0264
0.0275
0.0265
0.0309
0.0291
0.0337
0.0286
0.0369
0.0324
0.0297
Hater
0.011
0.0096
0.0106
0.0107
0.0055
0.0040
0.0049
0.0057
0.0043
0.0048
0.0071
0.0043
0.00479
0.0065
0.00715
0.00835
0.0068
0.00391
0.0046
0.0066
0.0054
0.0078
0.01
0.01
0.0094
0.0106
0.0109
0.0121
Reference
Kutscher. 1974
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner. 1957
Arrlngton, 1972
Sllversteln, 1960
Kutscher, 1974
Sllversteln, 1960
Sllversteln. 1960
Kutscher. 1974
Kutscher, 1974
DeLacey et al., 1975
DeLacey et al., 1975
Chvedoff et al., 1980
Chvedoff et al., 1980
Chvedoff et al., 1980
Kutscher, 1974
Suzuki et al.. 1975
Sllversteln. 1960
Kutscher. 1974
Sllverstetn, 1960
Kutscher. 1974
Sllversteln. 1960
Sllversteln, 1960
Kutscher. 1974
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cont.)
__, Group Species
10
Id
Laboratory mouse
rodents
(cont.) mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
<•" mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
o raj
co rat
Strain
albino
deer
deer
deer
meadow
pine
white-foot
white
white
kangaroo
albino
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sex
H
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
M&F
F
F
F
F
F
F
H
H
N
H
H
No. of
Animals
4
1
1
1
1
1
14
10
10
10
10
Age
(days)
adult
adult
weanling
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
(80-105)
24-52
24-52
24-52
24-52
Weight
(I/day)
0.03
0.02875
0.02
0.02
0.0189
0.0315
0.0182
0.02425
0.029
0.008
0.01
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.05
0.075
0.0275
0.105
0.29
0.26
0.36
0.26
0.275
0.36
0.2891
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
Water
0.0055
0.00735
0.005
0.005
0.0235
0.066
0.0018
0.0355
0.00715
0.0025
0.003
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.008
0.0065
0.0058
0.0275
0.028
0.03
0.038
0.085
0.085
0.0354
0.0136
0.0136
0.019
0.0242
Reference
Arrlngton, 1972
Chew, 1965
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al.,
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Bruce, 1950
Latt, 1976
Latt, 1976
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al.,
Latt. 1976
Latt, 1976
Bruce, 1950
Bailey, 1923
Arrlngton, 1972
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Hoyer, 1966
Delorme and Wojclk
Delorme and Wojclk
Delorme and Wojclk
Delorme and Wojclk
1967
1967
, 1982
, 1982
, 1982
, 1982
rat
Sprague-Dawley
10
24-52
0.05
0.0242
Delorme and Wojclk, 1982
CD
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cont.)
o
10
CO
5>
tn
-J
08/17/
Group Species
Laboratory rat
rodents
(cont.) rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
Other cat
laboratory
mammals cat
cat
cat
cat
Strain
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dauley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
albino
cotton
cotton
D. morroensls
D. panamlnltlnu
Norway albino
Norway
wood
wood
wood
mixed
mixed
mixed
Sex
H
H
H
N
N
H
NS
NS
NS
HS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
F
F
N
H
H
No. of Age
Animals (days)
10 24-52
10 24-52
8 *12
8 180
8 f6
adult
young
adult
young
adult
adult
adult
adult
12 *7
12 *42
12 f21
Height
(I/day)
0.05
0.05
0.442
0.38
0.422
0.375
0.3
0.13
0.13
0.068
0.079
0.207
0.241
0.139
0.11
0.05
0.1
0.25
0.3
0.15
0.2
0.225
0.25
3
3
4.5
4.3
4.4
Water
0.0289
0.0289
0.039
0.04
0.041
0.0275
0.024
0.023
0.023
0.0148
0.016
0.027
0.02145
0.0181
0.0366
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.024
0.025
0.03
0.031
0.035
0.3
0.3
0.1526
0.1772
0.1822
Reference
Delorme and Wojclk, 1982
Delorme and Wojclk. 1982
Grunberg et al., 1984
Grunberg et al., 1984
Grunberg et al., 1984
Arrlngton, 1972
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew. 1965
Chew. 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Latt, 1976
Latt, 1976
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Latt, 1976
Latt, 1976
Adolph, 1947
Latt, 1976
Arrlngton, 1978
Tercpleton, 1968
Taton et al., 1984
Taton et al., 1984
Taton et al., 1984
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cont.)
CO
tn
i
CD
O
CO
CO
-J
Group
Other
laboratory
mammals
(cont.)
Species
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
Strain
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
beagle
beagle
mongrel
mongrel
beagle
beagle
greyhounds
greyhounds
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Sex
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
N
H
NS
NS
M&F
F
F
f
F
M
H
NS
NS
F
F
F
F
F
F
No. of
Animals
10
5
6
9
8
6
6
5
6
8
7
7
4
4
6
6
6
6
6
12
12
6
12
6
6
6
6
Age
(days)
+63
+294
+147
+91
+119
+203
+245
+336
+175
adult
730 +
730 +
+185
+164
+70
+112
+143
+183
+91
+0
+07
+21
+35
+49
Weight
(I/day)
4.2
4.6
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.3
3
3
4.49
4.49
24
11.5
14.5
15.9
15.9
15.5
15.5
29.2
28.5
2.32
2.3
2.13
2.28
2.29
2.571
2.571
2.19
2.165
1.79
1.89
1.96
2.07
Water
0.184
0.1863
0.1877
0.1942
0.2001
0.206
0.207
0.2199
0.227
0.3
0.3
0.32
0.32
0.8
0.3
0.35
0.33128
0.5669
0.3
0.35
1.005
1.333
0.174
0.175
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.187
0.187
0.195
0.219
0.22
0.225
0.226
0.226
Reference
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Arrlngton, 1978
Templeton, 1968
Chew, 1965
Chew. 1965
Brown et al., 1984
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Golob et al., 1977
Golob et al., 1977
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
HcKeever et al., 1985
HcKeever et al., 1985
Clzek, 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek. 1961
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cent.)
' ^ Group Species
: CO
Other rabbit
laboratory
: mammals rabbit
(cont.)
rabbit
rabbit
: rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
:• rabbit
\ rabbit
rabbit
I rabbit
t
1 rabbit
; en rabbit
>, *° rabbit
j
\ rabbit
j rabbit
! rabbit
i rabbit
; rabbit
| rabbit
1
s
\ rabbit
fi
1 rabbit
1 1
1 rabbit
] § rabbit
\ -j rabbit
i ^ rabbit
Strain
New Zealand white
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
New Zealand white
New Zealand white
H
albino t- CB
albino & cross
Dutch
Dutch
Himalayan
Himalayan
lop eared
lop eared
several
Sex
F
F
H
H
H
H
N
H
H
H
H
n
n
H
n
n
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
No. of Age
Animals (days)
i *> ii ni
\C t-\OJ
6 +175
6 *154
6 f!33
6 *70
6 1-112
6 +91
12 +0
6 +49
6 «-21
6 «-35
6 *07
10
11 adult
11
22 adult
22
16 adult
16
10 adult
10
59 adult
adult
59
adult
Weight
(l/day)
5
5
2.002
2.2
2.23
2.19
2.22
2.27
2.23
1.799
2.16
1.95
2.09
1.91
4.5
2.168
4.5
2.8
2.8
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.9
3.5
3.5
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.4
Water
0.3
0.3
0.166
0.169
0.17
0.178
0.185
0.188
0.19
0.202
0.21
0.224
0.225
0.255
0.3
0.369
0.3
0.36
0.36
0.319
0.319
0.245
0.245
0.446
0.446
0.328
0.16
0.328
0.328
Reference
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Templeton, 1968
Clzek, 1961
Arrlngton, 1972
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al..
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al..
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al.,
Bruce, 1950
Lane-Peter et al..
Bruce. 1950
Kennaway, 1943
Lane-Peter et al..
Lane-Peter et al..
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
1967
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cont.)
— ' Group Species
v§
Ci
Other rabbit
laboratory rabbit
mammals
(cont.)
Livestock cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
1
! cattle
| cattle
1 „ cattle
i
Q chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
•; chicken
1 chicken
j chicken
1 cow
1 cow
| cow
cow
g horse
— ] horse
v. pig
Strain
Dutch
Dutch
Zebu
Zebu
holsteln
holsteln
holsteln
holsteln
jersey, holsteln
shorthorn
HO.H.TL
Kumaunl
steer
brown leghorn
brown leghorn
white leghorn
white leghorn
white leghorn
white leghorn
white leghorn
white leghorn
pony
£. anqulatus
Sex
N&F
H8.F
F
F
F
F
F
F
H
H
H
F
F
H
M
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
H
NS
NS
No. of Age
Animals (days)
7
7
7
7
12
16
16
4
6
14 21
4 28
8 28
15 84-196
20 18
20 11
20 25
20 31
4
Weight
(l/day)
2.14
2.14
151
151
3619
3605
3330
3330
427
632
313
340
391
1.65
1.65
2.257
1.603
0.183
0.2
0.32
1.532
44.11
44.43
47.2
52.65
202.5
611
23.6
Water
0.201
0.201
11.935
11.935
162
205
241.6
422
17.92
32.24
43.1
8.9
8.53
0.115
0.225
0.614
0.119
0.042
0.043
0.046
0.13
1
1.14
1.18
2.59
8.7
76
2.2
Reference
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew. 1965
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Becker et al., 1985
Chew. 1965
Chew. 1965
Howard, 1975
Howard, 1975
Dunson and Buss, 1968
Dunson et al., 1972
Dunson and Buss, 1968
Dunson and Buss, 1968
Dunson and Buss, 1968
Dunson and Buss, 1968
Kertz et al., 1984
Kertz et al., 1984
Kertz et al.. 1984
Kertz et al., 1984
Suflt et al., 1985
Chew. 1965
Chew, 1965
GO
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cont.)
10
CO
en
I
o
CO
CO
Group
Livestock
{cont.)
Wildlife
Species
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
sheep
sheep
camel
deer
deer
elephant
ferret
ferret
lion
lion
lion
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
mink
shrew
squirrel
squirrel
Strain
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
Corrledale
Herlno
Dromedarlus
desert mule
various
E. maxlmus
domestic
domestic
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
short-tailed
C. leucurus
ground
Sex
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
F
N
F
H
n
F
F
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
NS
NS
NS
No. of
Animals
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
Age
(days)
28
28
35
35
42
49
42
42
adult
adult
*14
f28
«-175
*168
t!54
*140
*126
«-112
*98
f42
*56
f84
*70
Weight
(I/day)
5.49
6.15
7.15
7.99
9.77
13.06
10.6
13.6
45.5
149.9
52.7
29.9
243
22.35
34.95
3630
0.675
2.025
149
91
193
3.81
3.86
5.32
5.33
5.29
5.46
5.5
5.45
5.39
4.62
4.76
5.19
4.95
1.613
0.0258
0.085
0.0925
Water
0.71
0.74
1.09
1.31
1.63
2.15
2.16
2.58
B.38
8.7
2.06
1.17
3.18
1.47
2.84
139
0.0875
0.0875
0.8
1.07
3.98
0.134
0.182
0.034
0.041
0.063
0.089
0.117
0.145
0.187
0.191
0.211
0.228
0.231
0.175
0.0125
0.0102
0.0134
Reference
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Chew. 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Moody et al., 1985
Moody et al.. 1985
Green et al, 1984
Green et al, 1984
Green et al, 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Eriksson et al. 1984
Chew. 1965
Chew. 1965
Chew. 1965
-------
TABLE 5-1 (cont.)
to
GO
tn
I
r\>
Group Species
Wildlife vole
(cont.)
vole
vole
Birds Br. mourning dov
Br. Budgerygah
Br. finch
Br. pheasant
Br. pheasant
Br. pheasant
Br. pheasant
Br. quail
Br. sparrow
Br. sparrow
Br. sparrow
Br. sparrow
Br. sparrow
Br. sparrow
Br. sparrow
Br. sparrow
Br. sparrow
Br. townee
Br. towhee
Br. turkey
Strain
meadow
red-backed
tundra
Zenaldura mac.
house
game
game
game
game
California
house
Savannah
Savannah
Savannah
song
song
song
white-throated
white-throated
Aberts
brown
Amerlne, Nlchola
Sex No. of Age
Animals (days)
NS 7 (40-50)
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
H&F many -20
H8.F many -40
H&F many -60
H«,F many -80
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
H 80 294.329,
Height
U/day)
0.045
0.0279
0.0426
0.104
0.03
0.0206
0.112
0.325
0.625
0.93
0.139
0.0173
0.0175
0.019
0.017
0.0168
0.0182
0.0164
0.023
0.0265
0.0468
0.0437
13.4
Water
0.00205
0.025
0.0158
0.0103
0.0025
0.0033
0.029
0.061
0.075
0.078
0.0072
0.0057
0.0102
0.0131
0.017
0.0035
0.0076
0.0086
0.0061
0.0102
0.011
0.0069
0.605
Reference
Laugh! In et al., 1975
Chew, 1965
Chew, 1965
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Wise and Connan, 1979
Utse and Connan, 1979
Wise and Connan, 1979
Wise and Connan. 1979
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade. 1963
Bartholomew and Cade. 1963
Bartholomew and Cade. 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade. 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Bartholomew and Cade, 1963
Parker et al., 1972
NS = Not specified
o
CO
CO
-------
Templeton, 1968; Lane-Peter et al., 1967). Data on water Intake that did
not specify a body weight are excluded from this table. Statistical
analyses of the data reported In Table 5-1 that are most relevant to risk
assessment are given In Table 5-2 and Illustrated In Figures 5-1 through 5-6.
More so than the data on minute volumes, the data on water consumption
show marked Intraspecles variability. The only points that are clear
outliers, however, are the male marmots [just before hibernation (Zatzman et
al., 1984)], which are excluded from the statistical analyses. As Illus-
trated 1n Figure 5-2, a high correlation 1s apparent across all species 1n
the allometrlc relationship of' water consumption to body weight:
L = 0.11 W°*7872 r2 = 0.93 (5-2)
where L 1s water consumption and W Is body weight 1n grams. Similar
equations and high correlation coefficients are obtained by combining all
data on primates (Figure 5-3: Includes data on humans, baboons and monkeys),
and laboratory mammals (Figure 5-4: Includes data on gerblls, guinea pigs,
hamsters, mice, rats, cats, dogs and rabbits). Intraspecles correlations
are much lower. Only the allometrlc relationship for the dog, Illustrated
1n Figure 5-5, has a reasonably high (0.87) correlation coefficient and
differs remarkably from the general equation (Eq. 5-2). The studies on dogs
by Brown et al. (1984), Golob et al. (1977) and McKeever et al. (1985) are
well documented and reasonably consistent with the earlier values given 1n
the secondary sources (Arrlngton, 1972; Templeton, 1968).
Water consumption for dogs and other species will vary greatly, depend-
ing on the moisture content of the chow. Allometrlc relationships to
account for this dependency are given 1n Chapter 7.
1993A 5-13 09/03/87
-------
TABLE 5-2
Species and Group Specific Allometrlc Relationships for Water
Consumption in 8,/day to Body Weight 1n kg (W)a
Animal Group Allometrlc Equation r2 Figure
All species combined i = 0.11 W°-7872 0.93 5-2
Primates a = 0.09 W°-7945 0.95 5-3
Laboratory mammals a = 0.10 W°-7377 0.88 5-4
Laboratory rodents ab = 0.11 W°-7682 0.68 NA
Gerbils ab = 0.001W0-546 -0.44 NA
Guinea pigs ab = 0.11 W°-1554 0.09 NA
Hamsters ab = 0.06 W°-6583 0.55 NA
Mice ab = 0.04 W°'4700 0.08 NA
Rats ab = 0.06 W°-4138 0.24 NA
Cats aa'b = .0.76 W-°-886 -0.36 NA
Dogs ab = 0.004W1-6388 0.87 5-5
Rabbits ab = 0.15 W°-5161 0.22 NA
Chickens a = 0.13 W°-7555 0.74 5-6
alf data are available on the diet (dry or moist) use equations on Table 7-2.
This 1s particularly Important for dogs and cats.
bNot recommended for derlvng recommended values. Use equation for laboratory
mammals.
1993A 5-14 09/03/87
-------
,1002
°1.
v
a
c
3-
a
c i.
u
f*
d
oi.
1.1-02
l.E-03
1 1 1
-
•
.
•
•
.
•
i
m.
m
\ ' •: -,
*rfi j - ••
• • i
tit!
i
•
• X.
n •• W
V*
1 II
I . . ,
•
* J> °
* ••
. H
1 II
"
ml m' :»"
'Ir .
«
.0
arcots
'• •' •*••••
*,
" Lion
! '. ":
•
-
-
.
-
-
.
-
•
™
i.E-03 l.E-02 l.E-Oi l.ZOOO i.COOi 1.E002 1.E003 1.E004
Body Weight
FIGURE 5-1
Plot of Hater Consumption (l/day) vs. Body Height (kg) for All Species
(See Table 5-1 for points and references)
1993A
5-15
08/17/87
-------
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I I I I I I I I I
i 4
Ln Body Weight
1993A
FIGURE 5-2
Allometrlc Relationship of Drinking Water (l/day) to
Body Height (kg) for All Species, Except Harmots
5-16
08/17/87
-------
1.3
0 v>
•rl
n o.5
Q
o.i
o
t
-0.3
-0,7
-1.
1.5
2.5 3 3.5
Ln Body Weight
4.5
DO: -2.4563 Sis 0.1B363 T» -13.377
Bit 0.79451 Si! 0.061253 T> 12.971
CORE: 0.97704 H3£: 0.038961 IT: 6
FIGURE 5-3
Allometrlc Relationship of Drinking Hater (I/day) to
Body Height (kg) for Primates
1993A
5-17
08/17/87
-------
1.6
0
3 -0.4
a
E
Q
5 -2.4
fc
4>
o
3:
c
-4.4
I I I
T^^T^^j^^t^^^T I • i i i 1 I I I I I '.•' II tl-^
-€.4
-4.9
-2.9
-0.9 1.1
Ln Body Weight
3.1
5.1
K>« -2.3151 SI i 0.04487 T« -51.597
Bit 0.73769 Si: 0.018525 TI 39.821
COKE: 0.94366 HSI: 0.30081 OT: 195
FIGURE 5-4
Allometrlc Relationship of Drinking Hater (l/day) to Body Height (kg)
for Laboratory Hammals (Gerblls, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats, Cats,
Dogs and Rabbits).
1993A
5-18
08/17/87
-------
0.3
c
0
a -0.1
c
3
Q
0
° -0.5
a
It
-0.9
I I I I
I I I I I I I
2.6
2.8 3
Ln Body Weight
3.2
3.4
EOS -5.4193 Sis 0.69934 Ti -7.7491
Bit 1.6388 Si: 0.24042 Ti 6.8165
COKE: 0.93224 HSE: 0.049184 »F: 7
FIGURE 5-5
Allometrlc Relationship of Drinking Hater (8./day) to
Body Height (kg) for Dogs
1993A
5-19
08/17/87
-------
a
I
Q
5
-0.2
O -0-7
t>
4*
a
c
-1.7
-2.7
-3.2
-1.7 -1.2 -0.7 -0.2 0.3
Ln Body Weiflht
0.8
1.3
DO: -2.0497 Sit 0.18252 T» -11.23
Bi: 0.75551 SI: 0.17874 T: 4.2268
CORE: 0.66522 H5E: 0.2545 CF: £
FIGURE 5-6
Allometrlc Relationship of Drinking Hater (l/day) to
Body Height (kg) for Chickens
1993A
5-20
08/17/87
-------
6. FOOD CONSUMPTION
Clear allometMc relationships have been demonstrated between metabolic
rate and body weight. These have been discussed at some length 1n both the
classic literature (Brody, 1945; Benedict, 1938) and recent publications
(Davidson et a!., 1986). No allometrlc equations relating food consumption
to body weight, however, were found 1n the literature. The same factors
that affect water consumption rates can affect food consumption (Blundell
and Latham, 1979). For Instance, Shirley (1984) demonstrated that pregnant
or lactatlng Fischer rats consume about twice the amount of food per day as
that consumed by other rats. Because the water content of the diet Is
Inversely related to food consumption, as discussed above, an Increase In
the water content of the diet may be associated with an Increase 1n food
consumption, because food with a high water content has less caloric value
than food of comparable quality with a low water content. As discussed
below, this may explain an apparent anomalous relationship seen In the food
consumption data on cats. Many other examples are available, which suggest
that the food consumption of animals will Increase as the caloric content of
the food decreases (Brody, 1945).
Data on food consumption for a wide variety of animals are summarized In
Table 6-1 and plotted In Figure 6-1. Some of the data points were not
considered In the derivation of recommended values because they are atypical
for the species or other species of similar body weights. The marmots just
before hibernation, labeled In Figure.6-1, show a marked decrease In food
consumption as well as the decrease 1n water consumption noted above. One
group of cattle from a study by Kertz et al. (1984) Is omitted because of an
atyplcally low food consumption not seen 1n other groups of cattle from the
1994A 6-1 09/03/87
-------
TABLE 6-1
Food Consumption Data on Various Animal Groups
PO
o
00
Group
Primates
Laboratory
rodents
Species
human
human
human
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
Strain
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
Duncan-Hartley
Duncan-Hartley
Duncan-Hartley
Golden
Golden
Golden
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Sex
F
M
N
F
F
M
M
M&F
M&F
M&F
F
H
F
N
M
N
H
M
M
M
H
F
F
F
N
F
H
M&F
M&F
M&F
F
F
F
F
No. of
Animals
20
16-20
20
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
45
45
15
12
22
22
10
10
10
10
Age
(days)
adult
adult
10 years
weaning
adult
[215]
10
30
20
40
50
60
70
+0
t35
*0
t42
weaning
weaning
»0-*42
*0-M2
*0-f42
tO-*42
Weight
(kg)
58
70
32
8
9
11
11
0.048
0.0587
0.06125
0.075
0.085
0.075
0.085
0.2
0.11
0.27
0.415
0.48
0.52
0.58
0.2035
0.4425
0.204
1.025
1.2
1
1.2
0.07475
0.0417
0.041
0.0474
0.0633
0.0679
0.06735
Food
(kg/day)
0.871
1.305
0.84
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.005
0.00524
0.00478
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.017
0.025
0.025
0.028
0.031
0.032
0.035
0.0265
0.0265
0.0285
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.0069
0.00845
0.00845
0.0051
0.0067
0.0067
0.0069
Reference
Snyder et al., 1981
Snyder et al., 1981
Snyder et al., 1981
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1968
McHanus, 1972
Harrlman, 1969a
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Shelton, 1971
Shelton, 1971
Shelton, 1971
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Banta et al., 1975
Arrlngton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1968
Arrlngton et al., 1966
Arrlngton et al., 1966
Arrlngton et al., 1966
Arrlngton et al., 1966
hamster
Syrian
0.0545
0.011
Templeton, 1968
-------
TABLE 6-1 (cont.)
VD
<£>
J*
3>
o
CO
Group Species
Laboratory hamster
rodents
(cont.) hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
Strain
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Aston
A/J
A/J
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
BALB/c
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
Sex
F
H
H
n
H
H
H
F
F
H
F
F
F
F
F
F
n
H
H
F
H
H
H
n
H
H
H
f
F
F
F
F
H
H
H
No. of
Animals
8
8
8
8
13
15
15
48
48
48
48
48
15
48
48
48
15
48
48
48
48
48
48
15
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
48
Age
(days)
+0-+42
+0-+42
+0-+42
fO-f42
(80-90)
(100-110)
(100-110)
+0-7
+84-91
+56-63
+35-42
+14-21
(100-110)
+0-7
+0-7
+35-42
(100-110)
+0-7
+0-7
+35-42
+84-91
+56-63
+14-21
(100-110)
+0-7
+56-63
+84-93
+35-42
+14-21
+0-7
+35-42
+56-63
Weight
(kg)
0.1175
0.05785
0.0652
0.0679
0.0698
0.05125
0.1075
0.0302
0.0209
0.0252
0.0166
0.0219
0.02
0.0189
0.018
0.0201
0.0197
0.0197
0.0242
0.0201
0.0197
0.0197
0.0242
0.0285
0.0256
0.0224
0.027
0.0163
0.0204
0.0214
0.0195
0.018
0.0196
0.0249
0.0269
Food
(kg/day)
0.011
0.0055
0.0062
0.0065
0.0067
0.011
0.011
0.0045
0.0049
0.0057
0.00309
0.0031
0.00316
0.00344
0.00351
0.0059
0.00327
0.00327
0.00346
0.0059
0.00327
0.00327
0.00346
0.00349
0.0036
0.00379
0.0068
0.00311
0.0034
0.00344
0.00356
0.0037
0.00339
0.00364
0.00366
Reference
Arrlngton. 1972
Arrlngton et al., 1966
Arrlngton et al., 1966
Arrlngton et al., 1966
Arrlngton et al., 1966
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Richard and Trayhurn, 1985
Kutscher. 1974
Kutscher. 1974
Oiler et al.. 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Kutscher, 1974
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Kutscher, 1974
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al.. 1985
Oiler et al.. 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Kutscher. 1974
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
Oiler et al. 1985
-------
TABLE 6-1 (cent.)
lO
o
CJ
Group
Laboratory
rodents
(cont.)
Species
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
Strain
B6C3F1
B6C3F1
CBA
CBA
Charles River
Charles River
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-I.CR.BR
Crl.CD-I.CR.BR
Crl.CD-I.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.TCR.BR
C3H
C3H
C57B1
C57
C57
DBA
DBA
I
striped field
striped field
SWR
SWR
white
white
white
white
white
white
wood
yel-neck field
yel-neck field
yel-neck field
Sex
H
H
F
M
H
H
F
F
H
H
H
F
F
H
N
F
H
F
H
N
N
N
F
H
F
F
F
H
H
H
N
N
N
N
No. of
Animals
48
48
15
15
7
8
40
40
40
40
40
40
15
15
13-16
15
15
15
15
12-16
10-15
10-15
15
15
B
8
8
8
8
8
10-15
10-15
10-15
Age
(days)
*84-91
*14-21
(100-110)
(100-110)
adult
adult
182
364
546
182
364
546
(100-110)
(100-110)
30-71
(100-110)
(100-110)
(100-110)
(100-110)
30-71
(100-110)
(100-110)
70
105-120
396
70
105-120
396
Weight
(kg)
0.0287
0.023
0.0259
0.031
0.0453
0.0424
0.03075
0.03475
0.04475
0.0405
0.0455
0.03375
0.0228
0.0264
0.02335
0.0223
0.0275
0.0247
0.0309
0.01915
0.0206
0.0223
0.0217
0.0286
0.0248
0.0282
0.0335
0.0297
0.0324
0.0369
0.02
0.0288
0.0279
0.0241
Food
(kg/day)
0.00367
0.0039
0.0092
0.008
0.0055
0.00566
0.0052 "
0.00635
0.00565
0.0059
0.006
0.0054
0.0057
0.0062
0.0029
0.0064
0.0072
0.0063
0.0085
0.0028
0.003
0.00346
0.0056
0.0065
0.0059
0.006
0.0066
0.0065
0.0068
0.0073
0.0046
0.00206
0.00212
0.0035
Reference
Oiler et al., 1985
Oiler et al., 1985
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
DeLacey et al., 1975
DeLacey et al.. 1975
Chvedoff et al. 1980
Chvedoff et al. 1980
Chvedoff et al, 1980
Chvedoff et al, 1980
Chvedoff et al, 1980
Chvedoff et al. 1980
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Hoover-Plow and Nelson
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Hoover-Plow and Nelson
Drozdz, 1968
Drozdz. 1968
Kutscher. 1974
Kutscher. 1974
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner,
Chew and Hlnegardner,
, 1985
. 1985
1957
1957
1957
1957
1957
1957
Chmlel and Harrison, 1981
Drozdz, 1968
Drozdz, 1968
Orozdz, 1968
-------
TABLE 6-1 (cont.)
10
VD
->
in
o
CO
CO
Group
Laboratory
rodents
(cont.)
Species
mouse
mouse
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
Strain
albino
Fischer 344
kangaroo
kangaroo
king
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Long-Evans
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dauley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sex
f
ft
n
F
H&F
H&F
n
H
H
H
n
M
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
No. of
Animals
14
120
4
4
75
54
54
54
54
54
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
13
Age
(days)
(80-105)
98-105
*n
913
760
608
456
304
0(1)
8(pl)
2i(g)
7(PD
6(g)
4(pl)
3(pl)
6(pl)
3(g)
9(g)
5(pl)
I2(g)
15(g)
2(PD
18(g)
2(1)
3(1)
5(1)
6(1)
Kpl)
8(1)
9(1)
11(1)
12(1)
14(1)
15(1)
17(1)
Height
(kg)
0.0265
0.03
0.2891
0.16695
0.105
0.105
0.094
0.55
0.59
0.575
0.53
0.45
0.2568
0.2525
0.3418
0.2557
0.2498
0.2559
0.2612
0.2585
0.2466
0.2547
0.2607
0.2638
0.2743
0.2738
0.307
0.262
0.2576
0.2735
0.2743
0.2941
0.2763
0.28
0.2838
0.2818
0.2945
0.2918
0.2916
Food
(kg/day)
0.0045
0.0045
0.0217
0.0149
0.0074
0.0074
0.00945
0.0208
0.024
0.0247
0.0268
0.0271
0.0122
0.0164
0.0178
0.0182
0.0188
0.0189
0.0192
0.0194
0.0195
0.0202
0.0205
0.0212
0.0215
0.0231
0.0259
0.0271
0.0342
0.0431
0.0449
0.0481
0.049
0.0505
0.0525
0.0619
0.0663
0.0702
0.071
Reference
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton. 1972
Hoyer, K.E.. 1966
Horrlssey and Norred, 1984
Bailey, 1923
Bailey. 1923
Peters and Harper,
Holloszy and Smith,
Holloszy and Smith.
Holloszy and Smith,
Holloszy and Smith,
Holloszy and Smith,
Shirley, 1984
Shirley. 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley. 1984
Shirley. 1984
Shirley. 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley. 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley. 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley. 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley. 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley. 1984
1985
1986
1986
1986
1986
1986
-------
TABLE 6-1 (cont.)
vO
10
I
cr>
O
to
CO
Group
Laboratory
rodents
{cont.)
Other
laboratory
mammals
Species
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat •
rat
rat
rat
rat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
Strain
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
Sex
F
f
F
N
H
H
H
H
H
H
F
F
F
F
F
F
N
N
M«,F
H&F
H&F
H&F
H&F
H&F
H&F
H&F
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Mo. of
Animals
13
13
13
10
10
10
10
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
1
12
12
10
5
5
5
8
6
6
12
9
6
6
Age
(days)
18(1)
20(1)
21(1)
24-52
24-52
24-52
24-52
-180
f6
+12
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
adult
105
270
135
365
165
225
195
395
+7
+42
+63
+294
+336
+336
+119
+147
+245
+21
+91
+203
+175
Height
(kg)
0.2896
0.2941
0.2917
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.38
0.422
0.442
0.29
0.26
0.36
0.26
0.275
0.36
0.375
0.225
1.207
2.228
1.577
2.574
1.718
2.175
1.893
2.781
4.5
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.3
Food
(kg/day)
0.0711
0.0855
0.0944
0.008
0.012
0.0136
0.0143
t*
0.032
0.033
0.036
0.0135
0.019
0.025
0.027
0.08
0.08
0.0135
0.011
0.161
0.192
0.206
0.211
0.216
0.218
0.219
0.223
0.0549
0.0555
0.063
0.0676
0.0681
0.0681
0.0697
0.0727
0.0738
0.0739
0.0742
0.0808
0.0867
Reference
Shirley, 1984
Shirley, 1984
Shirley. 1984
Delorme and Hojclk, 1982
Delorme and Hojclk, 1982
Delorme and Hojclk, 1982
Delorme and Hojclk, 1982
Grunberg et al., 1984
Grunberg et al., 1984
Grunberg et al., 1984
Arrlngton, 1972
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Arrlngton, 1972
Adolph, 1947
Haterhouse and Carver, 1966
Haterhouse and Carver, 1966
Haterhouse and Carver, 1966
Haterhouse and Carver, 1966
Haterhouse and Carver, 1966
Haterhouse and Carver, 1966
Haterhouse and Carver, 1966
Haterhouse and Carver, 1966
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984,
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
-------
TABLE 6-1 (cent.)
10
O
CO
Group
Other
laboratory
mammals
(cont.)
Species
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
Strain
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Sex
M&F
F
F
F
n
H
M
F
F
N
H
H&F
N
H8.F
H&F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
H
N
No. of Age
Animals (days)
8
8 adult
1
24 (42-49)
24 (78-85)
6 +185
6 +164
6 <-70
6 +143
6 +112
6 +91
12 +183
12
12 +0
6 +35
6 +49
6 +21
6 +7
6 +175
6 +133
Weight
(kg)
0.0043
3
3
3
3
3
3
11.5
14.5
15.5
15.5
24
5.82
0.881
1.4
2.32
2.3
2.13
2.29
2.28
2.19
2.571
2.571
2.165
1.96
2.07
1.89
1.79
2.2
2.19
Food
(kg/day)
0.04275
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.36
1.266
0.0496
0.0496
0.063
0.064
0.071
0.072
0.073
0.078
0.0802
0.0802
0.0833
0.084
0.084
0.088
0.09
0.059
0.063
Reference
Smalley et al..
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1978
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1978
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
1985
Brown et al., 1984
Cowglll, 1928
Arrlngton et al
Arrlngton et al
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Cizek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Cizek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Cizek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
., 1974
., 1974
-------
TABLE 6-1 (cont.)
10
-p»
o>
I
CD
O
CO
Group
Other
laboratory
mammals
(cont.)
Livestock
Species
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
Strain
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
New Zealand white
New Zealand white
HO.H.TL
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
Holsteln
several
several
several
several
several
several
several
several
several
several
several
several
several
several
Sex
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
F
H
F
H
H
N
N
N
H
F
F
F
F
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
N
N
H
N
H
H
H
No. of
Animals
6
12
6
6
6
6
6
12
6
6
12
7
7
7
7
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
many
Age
(days)
*154
*183
*91
*112
t70
+35
M9
tO
*21
*7
-42
53
-63
(98-126)
(126-154)
(154-162)
(162-210)
(210-238)
(238-266)
(266-294)
(229-322)
(322-350)
(350-378)
(378-406)
(406-434)
(434-462)
(462-490)
Height
(kg)
2.23
2.02
2.23
2.27
2.22
2.09
2.16
1.799
1.95
1.91
5
4.5
5
4.5
4.5
1
1.5
2
313
3619
3330
3330
3605
94
111
133
159
184
210
233
256
278
299
319
338
358
376
Food
(kg/day)
0.063
0.0632
0.069
0.075
0.077
0.078
0.078
0.0792
0.084
0.087
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.115
0.143
0.168
8.20
131
133.70
185
29.10
3.04
4.14
5.29
6.25
6.94
7.32
7.64
8
8.25
8.50
8.64
8.86
9
9.04
Reference
Clzek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton. 1978
Davidson and Spreadbury,
Davidson and Spreadbury,
Davidson and Spreadbury,
Becker et al., 1985
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
Taylor et al. 1986
1975
1975
1975
CD
-------
TABLE 6-1 (cont.)
10
o
-t»
Group
Livestock
(cont.)
Species Strain Sex No. of Age
Animals (days)
cattle
cattle
N 20 18
N 20 25
Height Food Reference
(kg) (kg/day)
44.11 0.14 Kertz et al., 1984
47.2 0.50 Kertz et al., 1984
o
VD
CO
Wildlife
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
chicken
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
sheep
sheep
sheep
ferret
ferret
hyena
hyena
hyena
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
broiler
cross-bred
white
white
white
white
white
white
white
white
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
cross
domestic
domestic
N
N
N
N
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
F
H
F
F
H
20
31
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
63
77
91
105
119
140
161
24
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
51
28
28
35
35
42
42
42
49
newly weaned
growing
growing
adult
adult
52.65
27
36
45
55
0.164
0.334
0.765
155
539
778
334
254
934
73
46
758
49
1.01
6.5
31.3
5.49
6.15
7.15
7.99
9.77
10.6
13.6
13.06
31.5
45
63
0.675
2.025
71
58
38
1.4415
Kertz et al., 1984
3.825
4.30
5.05
5.40 ..
0.0157
0.0207
0.0714
0.1057
0.1243
0.1471
0.1629
0.2129
0.2671
0.2429
0.2789
0.2929
0.3048
0.3905
Lane-Peter et al
Lane-Peter et al
Lane-Peter et al
Lane-Peter et al
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
et
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
al.
, 1967
, 1967
. 1967
. 1967
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
Asche et al.. 1986
0.164
0.187
0.34
0.357
0.567
0.594
0.704
0.762
0.575
0.75
0.85
0.168
0.168
2.44
4.88
4.05
Brooks et al.. 1984
Brooks et al.,
Brooks et al.,
Brooks et al.,
Brooks et al.,
Brooks et al.,
Brooks et al.,
Brooks et al.,
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Moody et al., 1985
Hoody et al., 1985
Green et al., 1984
Green et al., 1984
Green et al., 1984
-------
TABLE 6-1 (cent.)
vD
er>
i
o
CO
Group
Wildlife
(cont.)
Other
Species
koala
lion
lion
lion
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
mink
nutria
shrew
vole
vole
vole
vole
vole
vole
vole
kestrel
owl
turkey
Strain
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
common
bank
bank
bank
bank
bank
common
common
Eurasian
screech
Amerlne, Nlchola
Sex
H&F
F
H
H
F
F
H
H
M
H
M
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
H
No. of
Animals
1
1
1
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
4
10-15
10-15
10-15
0-15
0-15
0-15
1
1
40,40
Age
(days)
+14
+28
4-175
1-168
+154
+140
«-126
+112
+98
f42
+56
+70
+84
adult
-1200
-300
294,329
Weight
(kg)
9.2
149
193
91
3.81
3.86
5.32
5.33
5.29
5.46
5.5
5.45
5.39
4.62
4.76
4.95
5.19
1.613
8
0.008
0.0227
0.0231
0.0229
0.02
0.0224
0.0??6
0.0218
0.179
0.169
13.4
Food
(kg/day)
0.5105
6.12
5.06
6.53
0.0799
0.1012
0.0198
0.0329
0.057
0.057
0.0816
0.0928
0.1049
0.1086
0.1178
0.122
0.122
0.042
1.35
0.0008
0.00192
0.00226
0.0034
0.0055
0.00183
0.00424
0.0025
0.01
0.0086
0.372
Reference
Nagy and Martin, 1985
Green et al., 1984
Green et al., 1984
Green et al., 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Zatzman et al. 1984
Eriksson et al., 1984
Lane-Peter et al., 1967
Chmlel and Harrison, 1981
Drozdz, 1968
Drozdz, 1968
Drozdz, 1968
Chmlel and Harrison, 1981
Drozdz, 1968
Drozdz, 1968
Drozdz, 1968
Campbell and Koplln, 1986
Campbell and Koplln, 1986
Parker et al., 1972
CO
-------
1.1003
1.1002
o 1.1001
Tl
a
s
g i.EXX)
o
u
t,
0
•jj 1.1-01
a
X!
i.I-02
l.E-03
1 1 1
•
•
•
m
....... I. .J
' "*,- , ,
| , , ,
*
...... .1
.... ....
V fc
Nutria
•
.?»•:?-
•••
. Ha
| , , ,
Cattle .
• • *
• Cat
rcots
1« (Kertz ft
, , ,
ill.
' •
•
al. 1984)
-
1.^-02 i.I-Oi l.EOOO l.EOOi 1.E002 1.E003 1.E004
Body Weight
FIGURE 6-1
Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs.
Body Height (kg) for All Species
(See Table 6-1 for points and references)
1994A
6-11
08/17/87
-------
study, or In cattle from other studies. The Nutria (Lane-Peter et al.,
1967) and one dog studied by Cowglll (1928) also are eliminated from subse-
quent statistical analyses as atypical. Although not apparent In Figure
6-1, the food consumption values for hamsters, reported by Arrlngton (1968)
and Templeton (1968), vary markedly from other reports. The only other data
excluded from the analyses are data on pregnant and lactatlng rats reported
by Shirley (1984). The effect of these exclusions can be seen by comparing
Figure 6-10 with Figure 6-11.
WHh these exclusions, the general allometMc relationship of food
consumption to body weight 1s Illustrated 1n Figure 6-2. This and similar
relationships for subgroups of animals and species are summarized In Table
6-2 and Figures 6-3 to 6-14. The allometMc equation for all species
combined 1s as follows:
F = 0.065 W°.7919 r2 = 0.95 (6-1)
where W 1s body weight and F 1s dally food consumption, both In kilograms.
The slope function of this equation 1s similar to those for both Inhalation
rates (0.7579) (see Eq. 4-1) and drinking rates (0.7872) (see Eq. 5-1).
This similarity 1s most likely related to the slope function for metabolic
rate estimated at 0.76 (Benedict, 1938).
The negative correlations for both dogs and cats are probably artifacts
of different diets. This 1s clearly the case for cats for which two primary
studies, Waterhouse and Carver (1966) and Taton et al. (1984), are avail-
able. In the study by Taton et al. (1984), cats received a dry diet, and In
the study by Waterhouse and Carver (1966) cats received a canned, moist
diet. The cats 1n the study by Taton et al. (1984) were larger but consumed
substantially less food than the cats In the study by Waterhouse and Carver
(1966), which resulted In a negative slope (see Figure 4-12). In each
1994A 6-12 09/03/87
-------
c
0
T<
+1
a
3
D
0
u
0
V
a
C
-2
-5
1 I 1 I
I
.......
-5
-2
i 4
Ln Body Weight
10
EOS -2.736 SZ» 0.033886 TI -00.742
MI 0.7919 SI»"O.Oil209 T: 70.65
CORK: 0.97512 HSEs 0.29743 IT: 258
FIGURE 6-2
Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Height (kg) for All Species, Except Marmots
1994A
6-13
08/17/87
-------
TABLE 6-2
Species and Group Specific Allometrlc Relationships for Food
Consumption 1n kg/day (F) to Body Weight In kg (W)
Animal Group Allometrlc Equation r2 Figure
All species combined F = 0.065 W0-7919 0.95 6-2
Primates Fa = 0.026 W°-9142 0.95 6-3
Laboratory mammals F = 0.056 W°-6611 0.87 6-4
Laboratory rodents Fb = 0.060 W0-6917 0.82 6-5
Gerblls F = 0.112 W1-0583 0.80 6-6
Guinea P1gs F = 0.041 W0-3308 0.75 6-7
Hamsters F = 0.082 W0-9285 0.96 6-8
Mice Fc = 0.064 W0-7242 0.27 6-9
Rats Fc = 0.040 W0-4790 0.40 6-11
Cats Fc = 0.215 W-°-581 -0.22 6-12
Dogs Fc = 5.13 W0-918 -0.81 NA
Rabbits F = 0.041 W0-7898 0.73 6-13
Chickens F = 0.075 W°-8449 0.97 6-14
aNot recommended for calculating values. Use equation for all species
combined.
DNot recommended for calculating values. Included for comparison only.
cNot recommended for calculating values. Use equation for laboratory
mammals.
NA = Not applicable
1994A 6-14 09/03/87
-------
0.3
c
o -o.i
v
a
o -0.5
c
0
u
fc -o-9
-1,7
I I I I
2.0
..!.-•' ' '..'-'! '
2.4
2.6 3.2 3.6
Ln Body Weight
4.0
4.4
DO: -3.6488 SE: 0.27537 T: -13.251
Dl: 0.91415 SI: 0.088875 T: 10.286
CORK: 0.97718 M5E: 0.040392 Df: 5
FIGURE 6-3
Allometrtc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Body Height (kg) for Primates
1994A
6-15
08/17/87
-------
-0.2
Ln Body Weight
K>: -2,8899 SI: 0.039751 T: -72.699
fill 0,66106 Si: 0.016814 T: 39.315
COKE: 0.9351 USE: 0.25136 »F: 222
FIGURE 6-4
AllometMc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to Body Height (kg)
for Laboratory Mammals (Gerblls, Guinea Pigs, Hamsters, Mice, Rats, Cats,
Dogs and Rabbits).
1994A
6-16
08/17/87
-------
-1.2
0 -2.2
a
3
G
C
0
u
o
3=
-4.2
~5'2
-6.2
-4.2
-2.2 -0.2
Ln Body Weight
1.8
3.8
EOS -2.909 Sis 0.072298 Tt -38.853
El: 0.6917 SI: 0.026617 T: 25.987
COSE: 0.90293 HSEs 0.21881 BF: 153
FIGURE 6-5
Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to Body Height (kg)
for Laboratory Rodents (Gerblls, Guinea P1gs, Hamsters, Mice and Rats)
1994A
6-17
08/17/87
-------
-4.B
0 -4.9
•H
+>
a
I -5
0
3 -5.1
u
t)
-5,2
J -5.3
I I I I
. .... . . . . . , •!/;•••
-3.1
-2.9 -2.7
Ln Body Weight
-2.5
-2.3
DO: -2.1909 Si: 0.63865 TI -3.4305
Bii 1.0583 Si: 0.23747 T: 4.4566
COKE: 0.8938 H5E: 0.015361 IJt 5
FIGURE 6-6
Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day)
to Body Height (kg) for GerbUs
1994A
6-18
08/17/87
-------
-3.1. .iii
I i * i l I i i l i ,.| i i i i I i . •
I • *i i i I i ..%*' i i 1
-2.3
-1.3 -O.B
Ln Body Weight
-0.3
0.2
DO: -3.1929 SI: 0.060604 U -52.685
Bli 0.33077 SI: 0.054986 Tt £.0155
COKE: 0.86658 MSI: 0.02263 HI 12
FIGURE 6-7
AllometMc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day)
to Body Height (kg) for Guinea P1gs
1994A
6-19
08/17/87
-------
-4.5
c
0
S -4.7
a
c
3
a
5 -4.9
6
+»
a
C
-5,1
-5.3
I I I I
i '' • 'I ' ' ' ' I ' • ' \^\ :.••" >"•
-3.1
-2.9
-2.7 -2.5
Ln Body Weight.
-2.3
-2.1
W> -2.5069 S£: 0.16645 Ts -15.061
El: 0.9285 SI: O.OS2665 T: 14.817
CORE: 0.98011 H5E: 2.5965E-3 »F: 9
FIGURE 6-8
Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day)
to Body Height (kg) for Hamsters
1994A
6-20
08/17/87
-------
-4.6
c
o
a
n
o
c
c
-5,8
-6.2
I
I* i.
I
-4.2 -4.0 -3.8 -3.6 -3.4
Ln Body Weight
K>: -2.7418 SZ: 0.56827 T: -4.8249
Li: 0.72423 SI: 0.15466 T: 4,6828
COM: 0.52379 HSE: 0,089148 IT' 58
-3.2
-3.0
FIGURE 6-9
Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day)
to Body Height (kg) for H1ce
1994A
6-21
08/17/87
-------
-2.0
C _9
0 *
a
§ -3.0
a
c
8 -3.5
I*
ti
-4.0
-4,5
-5.0
| I I I I I I I t.i^"T
.•*•"***""
-3
-2.5
-2 -1.5
Ln Body Weight
-1
-0.5
K>: -2.8561 SI: 0.20583 T: -13.876
Bit 0.57843 SI: 0.13754 T: 4.2056
CORK: 0.50022 MSE: 0.33354 »F» 53
FIGURE 6-10
Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to Body Height (kg)
for Rats, Including Pregnant and Lactatlng Animals
1994A
6-22
08/17/87
-------
-2.5
I -3
+*
a
o -3.5
o
u
fe •«
c -4.5
I I I
i I i i i i r i ^ii i I i
-3
-2.5
-2 -1.5
Ln Body Weight
-1
-0.5
DO: -3.2218 SE: 0.20874 T« -15.434
Bi: 0.47897 SH 0.1223 T> 3.9162
COCK: 0.63249 H5E: 0.25313 IT: 23
FIGURE 6-11
AllometMc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day) to Body Height (kg)
for Rats, Excluding Pregnant and Lactatlng Animals
1994A
6-23
08/17/87
-------
-1.4
g 'I
•H
*»
I
O
c
0 .9
-2.6
o
= -2.9
>.2
O.i
0.4 0.7 1
Ln Body Weight
1.3
1.6
BO: -1.5356 SEs 0.25803 T: -5.9514
Bit -0.58062 Si: 0.21704 T: -2.6751
-0.46458 MSE: 0.25019 H: 26
FIGURE 6-12
Allometrlc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day)
to Body Weight (kg) for Cats
1994A
6-24
08/17/87
-------
-1.6
c
O _«
a
a -2.2
o
u
fe -2.3
c -2.8
J
-3.1
0.3
0.6 0.9 1.2
Ln Body Weight
1.5
1.8
DO: -3.1833 SZJ 0.083168 T« -38.278
Bit 0.76978 Sit 0.089449 Tl 0.8294
0.65374 MSEt 0.024701 *Ft 29
FIGURE 6-13
AllometMc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day)
to Body Height (kg) for Rabbits
1994A
6-25
08/17/87
-------
-0.2
c
0
•H
•** -12
Q. ~1««
E
3
Q
C
0
U -2.2
e
ys.
c
j
-3.2
-4.2
-1.9
•••*" TI
.-" ..••'_
.••'• ..-i'Jx-3
-0.9 O.i
Ln Body Weight
i.i
2.1
DOi -2.5857 SU 0.055%3 T« -46.204
Bi: 0.8449 Bit 0.042365 T: 19.943
COEK: 0.98525 VBH 0.030718 CF: 12
FIGURE 6-14
AllometMc Relationship of Food Consumption (kg/day)
to Body Height (kg) for Chickens
1994A
6-26
08/17/87
-------
study, both of which were conducted on animals with a relatively small range
of weights, no marked correlation 1s apparent between body weight and food
consumption. The narrow range of weights In the available data on dogs
(kinds of diets not specified) may also be a factor 1n the apparent negative
correlation for this species.
As with the data on water consumption, the data on the food consumption
of rats and mice yield a low correlation "coefficient 1n the allometrVc
model. The equation for mice, nonetheless, Is virtually Identical to that
for all species combined.
The data on primates are limited and do not seem to Justify a departure
from the standard allometrlc function given In Equation 6-1.
For the reasons discussed above, the equations given 1n Table 6-2 for
primates, mice, rats, cats and dogs are not recommended for deriving refer-
ence values. For these animals, Equation 6-1 should be used. For gerblls,
guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits and chickens, the corresponding equations
given In T^le 6-2 should be used. This Is not to suggest that these
species are likely to differ substantially from others 1n food consumption
patterns, but simply that the species-specific equations more accurately
reflect the available data on these species.
As with water consumption, consideration should be given to the water
content of the diet, as detailed 1n Chapter 7.
1994A 6-27 09/03/87
-------
7. INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FOOD AND WATER CONSUMPTION
As noted In Chapters 5 and 6, the moisture content of the diet Is
Inversely related to the amount of water consumed because of the decreased
requirement for free water when consuming diets with a high water content.
Water consumption Is directly related to the amount of food consumed because
of the decreased caloric content of diets with a high moisture content.
These relationships have not been extensively quantified, although several
studies Indicate the Importance of this relationship In maintaining water
balance (Atkeson and Warren, 1934; Green et al., 1984; Waterhouse and
Carver, 1966). In addition to the Interdependence of food and water con-
sumption on dietary water, many studies have noted the positive correlation
between food and water consumption at constant levels of dietary water In
normal animals as well as In physiologically atypical animals (I.e., preg-
nant, lactatlng, pre-hlbernatlng). Changes In food consumption patterns,
regardless of the basis for the Increase or decrease In food consumption,
are generally paralleled by corresponding changes In water consumption.
Studies that reported both food consumption and water consumption data
are summarized 1n Table 7-1, and the relationship of food consumption to
water consumption 1s plotted 1n Figure 7-1. In this figure, more so than In
the previous figures on food or water consumption versus body weight, the
effect of dietary moisture on food and water consumption 1s apparent. Host
of the points that are labeled and show a general shift to the left (In-
creased food consumption relative to water consumption) are for animals on a
high moisture diet. The points for dogs are taken from sources that do not
specify the kind of diet used. For the other points, diets of the carni-
vores [mink, cats 1n the study by Waterhouse and Carver (1966), ferrets, and
1995A 7-1 09/03/87
-------
TABLE 7-1
Food and Hater Consumption of Various Animal Groups
10
10
tn
o
CO
cc
Group
Primates
Laboratory
rodents
Species
monkey
monkey
monkey
monkey
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
gerbll
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
guinea pig
hamster
hamster
hamster
hamster
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
Strain
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
rhesus
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
Mongolian
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
albino short-hair
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
Syrian
A/J
A/3
BALB/c
BALB/c
CBA
CBA
Sex
f
f
H
H
M&F
H&F
F
M
F
H
N
M
M
H
H
n
M
F
H
F
H
F
F
N
n
F
n
F
N
F
H
Weight
(kg)
8
9
11
11
0.06125
0.06125
0.075
0.085
0.075
0.085
0.2
0.11
0.27
0.415
0.48
0.52
0.58
1.025
1.2
1
1.2
0.0545
0.1175
0.05125
0.1075
0.0209
0.0252
0.0201
0.027
0.0259
0.031
Food
(kg/day)
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.00477
0.00545
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.017
0.025
0.025
0.028
0.031
0.032
0.035
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.045
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.011
0.0049
0.0057
0.0059
0.0068
0.0092
0.008
Water
(I/day)
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.0038
0.00565
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.04
0.08
0.052
0.115
0.12
0.11
0.151
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.009
0.01
0.009
0.01
0.0047
0.0049
0.0056
0.0048
0.0065
0.0071
Reference
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Harrlman, 1969a
McManus, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Hlrsch. 1973
Hlrsch. 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Hlrsch, 1973
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher. 1974
-------
TABLE 7-1 (cont.)
10
vO
cn
3»
CO
CO
Group
Laboratory
rodents
{cont.)
Species
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
mouse
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
Strain
Charles River
Charles River
Crl,CD-l,CR,BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.CR.BR
Crl.CD-l.lCR.BR
C3H
C3H
C57
C57
DBA
DBA
SHR
SMR
white
white
white
white
white
white
albino
Charles River
Charles River
Charles River
Charles River
Charles River
F344
F344
F344
F344
kangaroo
Sex
H
H
F
F
H
H
H
F
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
H
F
F
F
H
H
H
F
N
H
F
F
H
H
H
F
F
H
H
H&F
Weight
(kg)
0.0453
0.0424
0.03075
0.03475
0.04475
0.0405
0.0455
0.03375
0.0228
0.0264
0.0223
0.0275
0.0247
0.0309
0.0217
0.0286
0.0248
0.0282
0.0335
0.0297
0.0324
0.0369
0.0265
0.03
0.2891
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
0.105
Food
(kg/day)
0.0055
0.00566
0.0052
0.00635
0.00565
0.0059
0.006
0.0054
0.0057
0.0062
0.0064
0.0072
0.0063
0.0085
0.0056
0.0065
0.0059
0.006
0.0066
0.0065
0.0068
0.0073
0.0045
0.0045
0.0217
0.02
0.0319
0.0174
0.0174
0.0317
0.0104
0.0105
0.0161
0.0169
0.0074
Hater
(I/day)
0.0043
0.00479
0.0063
0.0076
0.00715
0.0065
0.00835
0.00645..
0.0062
0.0068
0.0062
0.0066
0.0079
0.0078
0.011
0.0094
0.0107
0.0096
0.0106
0.0121
0.0109
0.0106
0.0055
0.0055
0.0354
0.0316
0.0244
0.0269
0.0269
0.0439
0.015
0.0151
0.0213
0.0214
0.0058
Reference
DeLacey et al., 1975
DeLacey et al., 1975
Chvedoff et al.. 1980
Chvedoff et al., 1980
Chvedoff et al., 1980
Chvedoff et al., 1980
Chvedoff et al., 1980
Chvedoff et al., 1980
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher. 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Kutscher, 1974
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Chew and Hlnegardner, 1957
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Hoyer. 1966
Robinson et al., 1981
Robinson et al., 1981
Robinson et al., 1981
Robinson et al., 1981
Robinson et al., 1981
DePass et al., 1983
DePass et al., 1983
DePass et al., 1983
DePass et al., 1983
Bailey, 1923
-------
TABLE 7-1 (cont.)
vo
en
O
10
Group
Laboratory
rodents
(cont.)
Other
laboratory
mammals
Species
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
rat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
Strain
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Sprague-Dawley
Wlstar
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
mixed
Sex
H
N
H
H
N
H
H
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
H
N
H
N
H
H
H
H
NS
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
M
H
M
Weight
(kg)
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.38
0.422
0.442
NS
0.29
0.26
0.36
0.26
0.275
0.36
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
0.375
0.225
4.5
4.3
4.2
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.1
4.2
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.3
Food
(kg/day)
0.008
0.012
0.0136
0.0143
0.032
0.033
0.036
0.0156
0.0135
0.019
0.025
0.027
0.08
0.08
0.0057
0.0078
0.008
0.0081
0.0082
0.0097
0.0104
0.0135
0.011
0.0549
0.0555
0.063
0.0676
0.0681
0.0681
0.0697
0.0727
0.0738
0.0739
0.0742
0.0808
0.0867
Water
(I/day)
0.0136
0.0242
0.0289
0.019
0.04
0.041
0.039
0.0325 "
0.0275
0.028
0.03
0.038
0.085
0.085
0.0117
0.0239
0.0248
0.0282
0.0193
0.0268
0.0304
0.0275
0.031
0.1526
0.1772
0.184
0.1863
0.2199
0.2199
0.2001
0.1877
0.207
0.1822
0.1942
0.206
0.227
Reference
Oelorme and Wojclk, 1982
Oelorme and Wojclk, 1982
Delorme and Wojclk, 1982
Delorme and Wojclk, 1982
Grunberg et al., 1984
Grunberg et al., 1984
Grunberg et al., 1984
Borzelleca et al., 1964
Arrlngton, 1972
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Bruce, 1950
Granados. 1951
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Granados, 1951
Arrlngton, 1972
Adolph, 1947
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
Taton et al. 1984
-------
TABLE 7-1 (cent.)
tn
I
tn
O
CO
CO
Group
Other
laboratory
mammals
(cont.)
Species
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
cat
dog
dog
dog
dog
dog
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
Strain
beagle
beagle
beagle
beagle
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Sex
H&F
H&F
F
F
F
n
n
N
F
F
H
n
N&F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
H
N
N
N
N
H
H
H
Weight
(kg)
2.034
2.9
3
3
3
3
3
3
11.5
14.5
15.5
15.5
24
2.32
2.3
2.13
2.29
2.28
2.19
2.571
2.571
2.165
1.96
2.07
1.89
1.79
2.2
2.19
2.23
2.002
2.?3
2.27
2.22
2.09
Food
(kg/day)
0.219
0.23
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.175
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.36
0.063
0.064
0.071
0.072
0.073
0.078
0.0802
0.0802
0.0833
0.084
0.084
0.088
0.09
0.059
0.063
0.063
0.0632
0.069
0.075
0.077
0.078
Water
(I/day)
0.0067
0.0168
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.35
0.3
0.35
0.8
0.174
0.175
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.195
0.187
0.187
0.219
0.226
0.226
0.225
0.22
0.169
0.178
0.17
0.166
0.19
0.188
0.185
0.225
Reference
Waterhouse and Carver, 1966
Waterhouse and Carver, 1966
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1978
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1978
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Templeton, 1968
Brown et al., 1984
Clzek, 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek. 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
-------
TABLE 7-1 (cont.)
vD
cr>
CO
CO
Group
Other
laboratory
mammals
(cont.)
Livestock
Wildlife
Species
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
rabbit
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
cattle
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
pig
ferret
ferret
lion
lion
lion
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
Strain
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
Dutch
New Zealand white
New Zealand white
HO.H.TL
holsteln
holsteln
holsteln
holsteln
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
white cross
domestic
domestic
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
Sex
n
H
H
M
F
ft
F
N
N
n
f
F
F
F
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
F
H
F
n
M
F
F
H
H
H
Weight
(kg)
2.16
1.799
1.95
1.91
5
4.5
5
4.5
4.5
3136
3619
3330
3330
3605
44.11
47.2
52.65
5.49
6.15
7.15
7.99
9.77
10.6
13.6
13.06
0.675
2.025
149
193
91
3.81
3.86
5.32
5.33
5.29
Food
(kg/day)
0.078
0.0792
0.084
0.087
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
8.2
131
133.7
185
29.1
0.14
0.5
1.01
0.164
0.187
0.34
0.357
0.567
0.594
0.704
0.762
0.168
0.168
6.12
5.06
6.53
0.0799
0.1012
0.0198
0.0329
0.057
Water
(I/day)
0.21
0.202
0.224
0.255
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
43.1
162
241.6
422
205
1
1.18
2.59
0.71
0.74
1.09
1.31
1.63
2.16
2.58
2.15
0.0875
0.0875
0.8
3.98
1.07
0.134
0.182
0.034
0.041
0.063
Reference
C1zek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Clzek, 1961
Templeton, 1968
Templeton, 1968
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1972
Arrlngton, 1978
Becker et al.. 1985
Atkeson and Warren. 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Atkeson and Warren, 1934
Kertz et al.. 1984
Kertz et al., 1984
Kertz et al., 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Brooks et al. 1984
Hoody et al., 1985
Moody et al.. 1985
Green et al., 1984
Green et al., 1984
Green et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
Zatzman et al., 1984
-------
TABLE 7-1 (cent.)
vo
tn
Group
Wildlife
(cont.)
Birds
Species
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
marmot
mink
mink
mink
turkey
Strain
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
yellow-bellied
Amerlne, Nlchola
Sex
M
N
H
N
H
N
M
H
H
H
H
H
Weight
(kg)
5.
5.
5.
5.
4.
4.
4.
5.
1.
1.
1.
13.
46
5
45
39
62
76
95
19
613
613
613
4
Food
(kg/day)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.057
.0816
.0928
.1049
.1086
.1178
.122
.122
.042
.0465
.0465
.372
Water
(I/day)
0
0
0
0
0
0
.089
.117
.145
.187
.191
.211
0.231
0
0
0
0
0
.228
.0063
.0063
.0063
.605
Reference
Zatzman et al.
Zatzman et al.
Zatzman et al.
Zatzman et al.
Zatzman et al.
Zatzman et al.
Zatzman et al.
Zatzman et al.
Eriksson et al
Eriksson et al
Eriksson et al
Parker et al.,
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
, 1984
. 1984
, 1984
., 1984
., 1984
.. 1984
1972
NS = Not specified
o
CO
CO
-------
1.EJ03
.1.B002
0 l.KOi
•H
+>
a
E
9
g i.EOOO
0
u
TJ
o i.l-Oi
b.
1.1-02
1.1103
•
•
Ca
i Mink B
i A?*
" , , ,
i
s (U*C)
• ferz
• j*""
i» * *
.-^
. i •&
\ ' ' '
^
toss
*t "."
1 *
, . ,i
1 ' ' '
.Lions
••
, , ,
, , ,
Cattle m -
"
-
-
i.E-03 1.1-02 l.E-Oi i.EOOO i.EOOl
Wotor Conounption
1.E002
1.K003
FIGURE 7-1
Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs Water Consumption (a.) for All
Species [See Table 7-1 for points and references (Outliers are labeled. See
text for discussion)].
1995A
7-8
08/17/87
-------
Hons] contained a high content of fresh meat. In the study on cattle,
Atkeson and Warren (1934), the labeled points were from three groups of
cattle that grazed on succulent vegetation. A fourth group of cattle, the
data for which are plotted but not labeled 1n Figure 7-1, was fed a diet of
dry grain. The food-to-water consumption patterns for this group are
consistent with the majority of the points 1n Figure 7-1, which are for
animals fed a dry diet, Including the data on rabbits (Clzek, 1961), marmots
(Zatzman et al., 1984) and cats (Taton et al., 1984).
The difference In water and food consumption patterns for animals on dry
and moist diets Is summarized In Table 7-2 and Illustrated 1n Figures 7-2 to
7-9. When either food or water consumption Is known for animals on a wet or
dry diet, Equations 7-1 to 7-4 (Table 7-2) should be used to estimate the
missing value. [The "a" and "b" designations on these equations and on the
corresponding figures are provided for convenience and represent the same
data plotted as food vs water ("a") or water vs. food ("b").] Equation 7-3
1s recommended for rabbits, dogs and cats only 1f the animals were fed dry
diets. Equation 7-5 (Table 7-2) should be used 1f moist diets were given.
For rodent species, usually given dry diets, Equation 7-4 Is recommended.
If moist diets are specified for the rodents (as 1s occasionally the case
with hamsters and gerblls), Equation 7-2 should be used. For all other
species In which the diets are specified as or can be reasonably assumed to
have been dry or moist, Equations 7-1 and 7-2, respectively, are recommended.
If only the body weight 1s known or assumed, but the type of diet Is
specified as, or can be reasonably assumed to have been, dry or moist,
Equations 7-5 and 7-7 (see Table 7-2), respectively, are recommended for
estimating food consumption and Equations 7-6 and 7-8 (see Table 7-2),
respectively, are recommended for estimating water consumption.
1995A 7-9 09/03/87
-------
TABLE 7-2
Species and Group Specific Allometrlc Interrelationships
for Food Consumption In kg/day (F),
Water In t (C) and Body Weight (W) In kg
Animal Group
Allometrlc Equation
Equation
Figure
Dry diet: All species
Wet diet: All species
Laboratory mammals:
(dry diet)
Laboratory rodents:
(dry diet)
BODY
Dry diet: All species
Wet diet: All species
FOOD
F
C
F
C
F
C
F
C
WEIGHT
F
C
F
C
AND WATER CONSUMPTION
= 0.31 C0'7923
= 3.59 pl.2041
= 2.09 C°-7389
= 0.39 Fl-2447
= 0.28 C0-76"13
= 0.31 Fl-2226
= 0.16 C°-6426
= 0.25 Fl-2943
7-la
7-lb
7-2a
7-2b
7-3a
7-3b
7-4a
7-4b
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
TO FOOD OR WATER CONSUMPTION
= 0.049 W°-6087
= 0.093 W°-7584
= 0.054 cO-9451
= 0.009 F1-2044
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-8
7-6
7-6
7-7
7-7
1995A
7-10
09/03/87
-------
0
a
E
e
c
o
o
*
2
0
-2
I I I
-3.5 -1.5 0.5
Ln Food Conouwption
2.5
4.5
K» 1.2793 SH 0.074445 TI 17.185
Bl< 1.2041 61! 0.020635 TI 58.353
COKE: 0.97675 ffil: 0.15937 HI 164
g
a
I
0
u
-a
0
0
b.
5
4.5
2.5
0.5
-1.5
-5.5
-2
Ln
0 .2
Consumption
CO! -1.1644 Si: 0.044121 T> -26.391
fit 0.79233 61! 0.013578 TI 58.353
COIl: 0.97675 HSU 0.10457 HI 1M
FIGURE 7-2
AllometMc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Water Consumption (8,/day) for Animals on Dry Diets
1995A
7-11
08/17/87
-------
I «••
V
I L.
O
.,
u.
e -1.2
-3.2
-303
Lr> Water Conounption
CO) 0.73696 Sli 0.8)674 Ti 3.5306
Hi 0.73337 Sti 0.058374 Ti 12.(57
COSH 0.95697 MEIi 0.(72S in 14
a
e
a
o
u
u
c -3
-3.2
-1.2
0.8 2.8
Ln Food Conuunption
toi -o.mn sxi o.z«7i4 TI -
til 1.M47 It i 0.093333 Ti 12.457
0.99097 Kill 1.1329 tfi 14
4.8
(.8
FIGURE 7-3
Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to
Water Consumption (8,/day) for Animals on Hoist Diets
1995A
7-12
08/17/87
-------
0.4
c -0.6
o
1.6
o -2.fi
u
5 -3.6
a
*
c -4.6
8.5
-4.5 -3.5 -2.5
Ln Food Consumption
-1.5
-0.5
»t 1.8646 Sit 0.10913 T> .12.305
lit 1.2224 Sit 0.029*86 T> 42.91B
COM: 0.96477 HSU O.U364 Vt 137
o -1.5
a
E
g -2.5
0
u
I -3-s
£
c ^.5
•4.6
-3.6
Ln
-2.6 -1.6
r Con0u»plion
•0.6
0.4
»! -1.2907 Sit 0.061 T« -21.13S
Hi 0.7(112 CTi 0.017739 Tt 42.911
CCJJi O.H477 Wit 0.101S2 tti 137
FIGURE 7-4
Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to Water Consump-
tion (a/day) for Laboratory Mammals (GerbVls, Guinea P1gs, Hamsters, Mice,
Rats, Cats, Dogs and Rabbits) on Dry Diets.
1995A
7-13
08/17/87
-------
-a.5
-3.3
e
O -4
o
0 -H.5
U.
H.6 -3.6 -2.6
Ln Water Conaunplion
-1.6
»i -1.W04 SIi O.iSMB TI -11.423
til O.M2K £H 0.03743 TI 17.16?
COtli O.C8332 »CH O.llft Mi 63
-1.6
I
a
a
O
e
-3.6
i .
-4.5 -4 -3.3
Ln Food Coneuuption
-3
-2.3
K» 1.2942 SZt 0.31923 TI 4.054
MI 1.2143 Sl> 0.070734 TI 17.167
COI11 O.C3332 rCii 0.2345 in C3
FIGURE 7-5
Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) to Water Consump-
tion (ft/day) for Laboratory Rodents (Gerblls, Guinea P1gs, Hamsters, Mice
and Rats) on Dry Diets.
1995A
7-14
08/17/87
-------
-1
2 5
Ln Body Weight
K>: -3.0208 SI: 0.039292 T: -76.BS
II: 0.6087 SI: 0.01638 T: 37.16
COM: 0.95068 MSI: 0.22802 IT: 147
11
a
a
o
u
a
*
e
-2
I I I
-1
2 5
Ln Body Weight
11
K>: -2.3784 SI: 0.051116 Ti -46.529
Bi: 0.73842 SU 0.02131 T» 85.59
COW: 0.94658 MSI: 0.38593 IF: 147
FIGURE 7-6
Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) and Water
Consumption (a/day) to Body Weight (kg) for Animals on Dry Diets
1995A
7-15
08/17/87
-------
i.e
3.6 S.6
Ln Body Weight
7.6
S.6
BO: -2.9183 SH 0.23322 TI -12.314
lit 0.94514 SI! 0.053249 Tf 17.107
COIt: 0.97532 HSU 0.41428 IT: 15
§
•H
J
a
c
-3
••* .-r
...'.•i*'. j i ..r**' I i i ii I i i ill i .j.i t j .t.i
-0.4
1.6 3.6 3.6
Ln Dody Height
7.6
10: -4.7061 SIi 0.40404 Tt -11.632
MI 1.3M4 SI) 0.095718 Tt 12.533 '
COM: 0.95575 »SIi 1.W34 in 15
9.6
FIGURE 7-7
Allometrlc Relationships of Food Consumption (kg/day) and Hater
Consumption U/day) to Body Weight (kg) for Animals on Hoist Diets
1995A
7-16
08/17/87
-------
Ln Body Weight
FIGURE 7-8
Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs. Hater Consumption (a/day)
vs. Body Height (kg) for Animals on Dry Diets
1995A
7-17
09/03/87
-------
FIGURE 7-9
Plot of Food Consumption (kg/day) vs. Hater Consumption (I/day)
vs. Body Height (kg) for Animals on Hoist Diets
1995A
7-18
09/03/87
-------
If the kind of diet Is not known and a reasonable assumption cannot be
made of the kind of diet, the general equations In Chapters 5 and 6 should
be used.
[N.B. At the time the data base containing the Information discussed In
this report was developed, the significance of moisture content was not
appreciated and this factor was not Included as a field 1n the data base. A
reanalysls of Chapters 5 and 6, considering the moisture content of the
diet, would likely Improve Equations 7-5 to 7-8 as well as the allometrlc
equations given In Chapters 5 and 6.]
1995A 7-19 09/03/87
-------
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