&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
The Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation
Program
Annual Report to Congress
FY 2003
SUPERFUND INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION
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Notice
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, through its Office of Research and
Development, partially funded and collaborated in the research described here under our contract
No. 68-C-OO-186 to Environmental Quality Management, Inc. It has been subj ected to the Agency' s
peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation
for use.
11
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Foreword
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is charged by Congress with protecting
the Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the
Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human
activities and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA's
research program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental problems today
and building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely,
understand how pollutants affect our health, and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future.
The National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is the Agency' s center for
investigation of technological and management approaches for preventing and reducing risks from
pollution that threaten human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory's research
program is on methods and their cost-effectiveness for prevention and control of pollution to air,
land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water systems;
remediation of contaminated sites, sediments and ground water; prevention and control of indoor
air pollution; and restoration of ecosystems. NRMRL collaborates with both public and private
sector partners to foster technologies that reduce the cost of compliance and to anticipate emerging
problems. NRMRL's research provides solutions to environmental problems by: developing and
promoting technologies that protect and improve the environment; advancing scientific and
engineering information to support regulatory and policy decisions; and providing the technical
support and information transfer to ensure implementation of environmental regulations and
strategies at the national, state, and community levels.
This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory's strategic long-term research
plan. It is published and made available by EPA's Office of Research and Development to assist the
user community and to link researchers with their clients.
Sally Gutierrez, Director
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
in
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This Page Intentionally Left Blank
IV
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Contents
Section
Notice ii
Foreword iii
Figures and Tables vi
Acronyms vii
Executive Summary viii
SITE Program Description 1
Introduction 1
Program Principles 1
Program Planning 2
Program Implementation 2
Matching Priority Sites with Innovative Cleanup Solutions 2
Technology Field Demonstrations 4
Information Dissemination 4
FY 03 SITE Program Cost Savings and Vendor Benefits 5
Promotion of Innovative Technologies 5
Cumulative Program Cost Savings, Incremental Program Cost Savings,
and Vendor Contracting 6
SITE Program Accomplishments - Federal Cost Savings from RODs Analysis 6
Incremental Cost Savings 9
Historical Vendor Benefits 11
Innovative Technology Highlights - - SITE Program Case Studies 14
FY 03 Progress and Accomplishments 17
Monitoring and Measurement Technologies Program 17
Ongoing Demonstrations 18
Future Direction 21
Introduction 21
Technology Areas of Primary Interest 22
MMT Program Areas of Interest 23
Partnerships for Success 25
Information Transfer 27
Conclusions 27
Appendices
A - SITE Projects (Alphabetically by Developer State)
B - SITE Technology Demonstration Sites (Alphabetically by Demonstration Site State)
C - Electronic Technical Information Resources
D - Glossary of Remediation Technologies
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Figures
Number Page
1 SITE Program Funding History 3
2 Superfund Remedial Actions: In Situ Technologies for Source Control 7
3 Superfund Remedial Actions: Trends in the Selection of In Situ Treatment for
Groundwater (FY 1986-2002) 8
4 Cost savings estimated from RODs analysis by technology type 10
5 Categorization of contracts awarded to SITE vendors following program participation 12
6 Total number of contracts awarded to SITE vendors after program participation 13
7 Share of 3,507 total contracts awarded to SITE demonstration vendors by
technology type 13
8 History of Ex situ vs In situ Distribution of SITE Demonstration Projects 18
Tables
Number Page
1 SITE Projects Completed FY 03 19
2 SITE Ongoing Projects in FY 03 20
3 Future Contaminant Emphasis Areas 2004-2007 24
4 SITE Program Projects FY 04 24
VI
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Acronyms
ANSI/ASQC
DNAPL
DOD
DOE
ECOS
EPA
ESTCP
ETV
FY
GPR
IDC
ITRC
MHI
MMT
NELP
NPL
NRC
ORD
PAHs
PCBs
REACHIT
RCI
SITE
TIP
TPH
VOC
American National Standard Institute, Assistance for Environmental Data
Collection and Environmental Technology Programs
Dense non-aqueous phase liquids
Department of Defense
Department of Energy
Environmental Council of States
Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Security and Technology Certification Program
Environmental Technologies Verification
Fiscal year
Ground penetrating radar
Interagency DNAPL Consortium
Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Monitoring and Measurement Technologies
Navy Environmental Leadership Program
National Priorities List
National Research Council
Office of Research and Development
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Remediation Characterization Innovative Technologies
White House Rapid Commercialization Initiative
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
Technology Innovation Program
Total petroleum hydrocarbon
Volatile Organic Compound
vn
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Executive Summary
The Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program has successfully
promoted the development, commercialization and implementation of innovative hazardous waste
treatment technologies for 17 years. SITE offers a mechanism for conducting joint technology
demonstration and evaluation projects at hazardous waste sites involving the private sector, EPA,
and other federal and state agencies. The program provides environmental decision-makers with
relevant data on new, viable remediation technologies that may have performance or cost advantages
compared to conventional treatmenttechnologies. Since the initiation of the SITE Program in 1986,
cleanup of contaminated sites through the use of innovative technologies has resulted in a potential
total inflated cost savings of nearly $3 billion.
The SITE Program focuses on the remediation needs of the hazardous waste remediation
community through program planning; matching priority sites with innovative cleanup solutions;
technology field demonstrations; and information dissemination. The SITE Program's vision is to
remain the premier organization in enhancing the credibility and implementation of effective
innovative remediation options.
The SITE Program continues to earn recognition as a leader in advancing innovative
technology development and commercialization. The program is participating with 151 remediation
technology vendors. Through FY 03, the SITE Program has successfully demonstrated 149 field
evaluation technologies, 6 of which were demonstrated during FY 03. SITE'S Monitoring and
Measuring Technologies (MMT) Program has completed 46 proj ects to date with one more ongoing.
Emphasis formerly placed on technologies requiring the removal of soil or groundwater (ex situ)
has gravitated nearly exclusively to in situ technologies that treat contamination in place.
Information obtained annually from SITE Program vendors demonstrates the increased
acceptance of innovative technologies. These vendors have received an increased share of their
specific technology markets as a direct result of their involvement in the SITE Program.
Cumulatively, through 2002, contracts for over 2,100 cleanups, nearly 1,400 treatability studies,
and 4,200 measurement/monitoring units have been received by these vendors following
demonstrations.
To ensure that the program continues to meet the needs of the remediation community, the
SITE Program established a remediation stakeholder group. This group, which is composed of such
agencies as EPA, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Energy, reviews innovative
technology applications and develops an environmental emphasis area list, which ensures that the
most pressing issues are prioritized and addressed.
Vlll
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SITE Program Description
Introduction
The SITE Program is composed of a
Demonstration Program, a Monitoring and
Measurement Technology (MMT) Program, and
information transfer. SITE offers a mechanism
for conducting joint technology demonstration
and evaluation projects at hazardous waste sites
through the involvement of the private sector,
EPA, and other federal and state agencies. A
description of each program is listed below.
S Demonstration Program
Evaluates and verifies performance and reports
cost of promising innovative technologies at
selected hazardous waste sites to provide reliable
performance, cost, and applicability information
for site cleanup decision-making
S Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Program
Evaluates technologies that detect, monitor, and
measure hazardous and toxic substances to
provide more cost-effective and accurate methods
for producing real-time data during site
characterization and remediation
^ Information Transfer Activities
Disseminates technical information, including
engineering, performance, and cost data, to assist
in removing barriers for use of innovative and
alternative technologies
The Demonstration Program is the
flagship of the SITE Program. Its objective is to
conduct field demonstrations and high-quality
performance verifications of viable remediation
technologies at sites that pose high risks to
human health and/or the environment, are
common throughout a region or the nation, or
where existing remediation methods are
inadequate, unsafe, or too costly. The SITE
Program solicits applications annually from
those responsible for cleanup operations at
hazardous waste sites. A panel of SITE
Program scientists, engineers, and associated
environmental experts reviews the
applications to identify those technologies
that best represent solutions for the most
pressing environmental problems. The
resulting data and reports are intended for
use by decision-makers in selecting
remediation options and for increasing
credibility in innovative applications.
The Demonstration Program has
participated with a total of 151 remediation
technology vendors. Eight applications for
participation in the Demonstration Program
were received in response to the 2003
solicitation. The program typically receives
10 to 20 applications annually.
The Demonstration Program has
successfully demonstrated 149 technologies,
including 6 during FY 03. SITE'S
Monitoring and Measuring Technologies
(MMT) Program has completed 46 projects
to date, with 1 more ongoing.
The foundation of the SITE Program is
providing credible cost and performance
data.
Program Principles
The SITE Program is defined by the
following four operating principles: (1)
program planning, (2) matching priority sites
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with innovative cleanup solutions, (3) technology
field demonstrations, and (4) information
dissemination.
Program Planning
SITE Program direction and strategies are
evaluated each year based on input from the user
community and other private- and public-sector
stakeholders to ensure that the program continues
to focus on validating the most sought-after
remediation technologies. As part of the overall
program planning process, the SITE Program has
developed and is implementing a quality
management plan based on American National
Standard Institute, Specifications and Guidelines
for Quality Assistance for Environmental Data
Collection and Environmental Technology
Programs (ANSI/ASQC E4). The Site Quality
Management Plan will document the EPA SITE
Program quality system and will encompass the
management and technical activities necessary to
plan, implement, and assess the quality
assurance and quality control operations applied
to all SITE Projects. The Quality management
plan will document the requirement for Quality
Assurance Project Plans for all SITE Evaluation
Projects. SITE Quality Assurance Project Plans
are currently developed at a level that supports
the development of environmental regulations
and standards (Category II). It is important that
the SITE Program quality requirements are met
during planning, implementation and reporting of
SITE demonstrations, and evaluations.
Program Implementation
The SITE Program was established under
section 209(b) of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act (SARA) (Section
311(b) of CERCLA, as amended) to evaluate
technologies for the treatment of hazardous
waste. Support for the SITE program is part of
the Agency' s base Superfund Research Program
budget. Resources to support SITE are provided
by Congress via the Agency's Superfund
appropriation. Figure 1 shows the SITE Program
annual budget since 1997.
The SITE Program is a partnership
between the public and private sectors,
where the costs and responsibilities are
shared by EPA, hazardous waste site owners,
and technology developers. EPA enters into
cooperative arrangements with site owners
and technology developers, under which
innovative technologies are demonstrated at
selected hazardous waste sites. EPA
evaluates the new technologies based on the
demonstration results, and compiles and
publishes rigorous engineering, performance,
and cost data intended to aid in decisions
regarding the use of the technologies at other
hazardous waste sites. The program
generates credible and unbiased technology
cost and performance data needed by
remedial project managers, consultants, and
other environmental decision makers. EPA
promotes easy and rapid access to this
information, allowing project managers to
make timely decisions in selecting cleanup
remedies.
Matching Priority Sites with Innovative
Cleanup Solutions
The SITE Program solicits and
prioritizes hazardous waste sites, and then
seeks appropriate technologies for
demonstration at these sites. Priority sites
are selected based on feedback from the user
community, including federal and state
agencies. Matching a site with a technology
is a flexible process, and a site owner has the
option of evaluating multiple technologies.
If no specific technology or vendor is
identified by a site, technologies and vendors
are matched by the SITE Program and other
interested parties, which may include state
and federal regulators and other public
representatives.
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O
B3
03
s
O
$7.0-
$6.0-
$5.0-
, $4.0-
•
s
$3.0-
$2.0-
$1.0-
$0.0
FY97
FY98
FY99
FYOO
FY01
FY02
FY03
FY04
Figure 1. SITE Program Funding History
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The selection of sites for the program is
based on the research needs of EPA, as well
as federal and state agencies.
An important aspect of technology
selection is that more than one technology
may be introduced for review and
demonstration. This aspect allows for
matching the most appropriate and feasible
technology to a particular site. General
technology needs of the user community are
identified by soliciting input from working
groups, forums, personal communication,
and hazardous waste publications. With this
continuous input, the SITE Program will
continue to focus on the needs of the
remediation community and the more
pressing problems at contaminated sites.
Technology Field Demonstrations
SITE Program technology
demonstrations are increasingly conducted in
partnership with other EPA offices, other
federal agencies, states, private industry, and
universities. These partnerships reduce the
overall costs of demonstrations to EPA,
accelerate remediation of some of the most
problematic sites at federal and state
facilities, and significantly subsidize the
technology vendors via site/logistical costs.
One example of interagency partnerships is
with DOD, Navy at Pearl Harbor. This
group is currently working on a
demonstration evaluating technologies to
remediate DNAPL at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Innovative remediation and
monitoring/measurement technology
demonstration projects are presented by
developer state and by demonstration site
state in Appendices A and B, respectively.
Information Dissemination
Electronic documents are accessible
through the Internet at the SITE Program
web page (http://www.epa.gov/ORD/SITE),
Environmental Technologies Verification
(ETV) web site (http://www. epa.gov/etv/).
and a site supported by the EPA Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response
Technology Innovation Program (TIP)
(http://clu-in.org). Several technology
databases and publications summarize
information about innovative treatment
technologies and associated vendors. In
particular, EPA REACH IT
(www.epa.reachit.org) contains contact
information, technology descriptions, and
applications data on SITE Program vendors
and other cleanup providers. SITE Program
and other federal demonstrations are also
documented in the database Innovative
Remediation Technologies: Field Scale
Demonstration Projects in North America,
(http://cluin.or/products/nairi). Descriptions
of selected databases and publication
ordering information are provided in
Appendix C.
The following mechanisms are used
by the SITE Program to disseminate
information and increase interaction with the
user community:
> Program-specific brochures and exhibits
> Conferences, workshops, and technical
working groups
> Publications and videotapes (accessible
on the Internet: http://www.epa. gov/
ORD/SITE/document.html)
> Hard copies available from EPA's
National Center for Environmental
Publications, 513-569-8190 or 1-800-
490-9192
> Electronic media, including the Internet
> Technical assistance to regions, states,
and remediation contractors
»• Technology seminars
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FY 03 SITE Program Cost Savings and Vendor Benefits
Promotion of Innovative Technologies
SITE is recognized by EPA as one of
its principal programs to advance innovative
site monitoring, characterization, and cleanup
technologies with the potential to treat
hazardous wastes more efficiently, less
expensively, and more safely than existing
methods. SITE'S mission is to promote the
development and application of innovative
technologies that reduce or eliminate risks to
human health and the environment due to
contamination. The goal of the program is to
interact with the technology user community,
understand its needs, integrate those needs
with EPA's research mission, and
expeditiously address those needs.
Identifying and responding to the technology
needs of the remediation community is the
driving force behind today's SITE Program.
Responding to technology needs is the
driving force behind the SITE Program.
The need for credible and reliable data
for innovative technologies is significant.
Often, Records of Decision (RODs—official
records documenting selection of Superfund
site cleanup methods) indicate that innovative
technologies were not chosen due to a lack of
verified performance and implementability.
The SITE Program serves to fill this need for
credible evaluations so that more effective,
cost-efficient methods can be used on
remediation problems.
The types and numbers of innovative
technologies selected for remediation at
Superfund sites increased significantly after the
passage of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act (SARA). Since then, the
number has continued to rise, indicating increased
credibility and confidence in a number of
innovative treatment technologies.
During the first 12 years of the SITE
Program, an emphasis was placed on innovative
technologies for permanent treatment that usually
required the removal (ex situ) of soil or
groundwater. Most field demonstrations during
this period in the program's history involved ex
situ physical/chemical and thermal technologies
that could be field tested in a matter of days or
weeks. In the last several years, the very nature of
ex situ technologies, which typically involve the
excavation of contaminated soil or removal by
pumping of groundwater, and subsequent
treatment and/or transport/disposal have become
increasingly limited in their applicability. These
cost/technical/political related limitations include:
• Complex contamination and subsurface
matrices which are not amenable to removal
• Mega sites whose shear expanse and volume
of contaminated media preclude ex situ
technologies from consideration
• Lack of approved landfills in close proximity
for excavation/transportation/disposal to be
cost-effective
As a result, in situ technologies are
increasingly the only alternative. The need for
innovative, in situ technologies that are more cost-
effective, result in less secondary waste, and are
less intrusive will continue to increase. The SITE
Program has recognized this need and has
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emphasized the development of in situ
technologies.
incremental federal cost savings and vendor
successes.
Figure 2 presents the number of in situ
technologies as a percentage of all treatment
technologies for source control by fiscal year.
Over time, use of in situ technologies has
been increasing, as the trendline in Figure 1
shows. A five-year moving average of the
percentage of in situ treatment technologies
shows a generally steady increase from 28
percent (FY1985-1988) to 50 percent
(FY1999-2002). Selection of in situ treatment
technologies for groundwater is also
increasing as a percent of groundwater RODs
(see Figure 3). Several factors may play a
role in this upward trend in the use of in situ
treatment technologies. Because in situ
technologies require no excavation, risk from
exposure to contaminated media is reduced,
compared with levels of risk associated with
technologies that do require excavation. Also,
in situ technologies typically are much less
harsh on the natural habitat/environment than
ex situ technologies. Further, for large sites
where excavation and materials handling for
ex situ technologies can be expensive, in situ
technologies are often more cost-effective.
Cumulative Program Cost Savings,
Incremental Program Cost Savings, and
Vendor Contracting
Since its establishment in 1986, the
SITE Program has assisted in the development
and use of innovative technologies, resulting
in substantial cost savings for cleaning up
contaminated sites. The cost savings realized
at Superfund sites has been estimated by
analysis of RODs from 1993 - 2000; this
estimating technique and analytical results are
described below. The SITE
Program has also assisted vendors in
advancing innovative technologies from the
development phase to full-scale application,
and has promoted greater acceptance of these
technologies. The following subsections
provide examples of the financial success of
the SITE Program in terms of cumulative and
SITE Program Accomplishments - Federal Cost
Savings from RODs Analysis
Since 1993, the use of innovative
technologies has substantially increased, resulting
in dramatic cost savings. During 1996, 1999,
2000, 2001, and 2002, the SITE Program
collected information from signed RODs in all 10
EPA Regions that selected an innovative
technology as the remedy. Up until 2001, these
technologies included soil vapor extraction,
thermal desorption, bioremediation,
phytoremediation, surfactant flooding, and many
other technologies that have passed through the
Program. The data compiled by the SITE
Program allowed environmental managers to
compare innovative technologies to conventional
technologies, particularly the data from the total
of 204 RODs that selected innovative
technologies for part or all of the remediation.
Many of the innovative technologies
which performed successfully in their SITE
Program demonstration(s) also enjoyed success in
their full-scale applications at Superfund and
other contaminated sites throughout the U.S. and
abroad. The use of soil vapor extraction (SVE),
for example, which is often employed in tandem
with air sparging to remediate the unsaturated
zone of contaminated soil, has increased steadily
from the late 1980's, particularly after multiple
successful SITE Program demonstrations.
The process for selecting innovative
technologies for demonstration in the SITE
Program and for deciding when these innovative
technologies have become conventional
technologies consists of the following:
• Consultation and review with:
—EPA Regions
—EPA Program Offices
—State Regulatory Agencies
[including the Interstate Technology and
Regulatory Council (ITRC)]
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o
V)
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
OT
= 30% -
o
Ol
O)
I
Ol
o
25%
o 20%
- Percentage of Source Control Treatment
Technologies that are In Situ
• Linear Trendline (In Situ Projects)
47%
A AKO/,
/VJt^r\J fu
\ /\ .
, . . _\/-V
___ 4 33% ..-/
ftA -' ' /
*
34%
29%
¥21%
01
Q.
45%
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Fiscal Year (FY)
Includes information from an estimated 70% of FY 2002 RODs.
Figure 2. Superfund Remedial Actions: In Situ Technologies
for Source Control (FY 1985- FY 2002)
Source: U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Innovative Treatment Technologies
Annual Status Report, llth Edition (542-R-03-009)
Volume of use ($ and total units) as it
relates to consulting firms utilizing
these technologies
• Degree of confidence that site owners
have in using these technologies
As selected innovative technologies
discussed in SITE Program Annual Reports to
Congress prior to 2002 have become more
accepted, increasingly used, and considered
the baseline for remediation, they are now
viewed as conventional technologies for
comparison to newer technologies. These
former innovative technologies, which often
performed very successfully, have thus
advanced from the SITE Program. They
include, but are not limited to:
• Air Sparging
Soil Vapor Extraction
• Ex Situ Thermal Desorption
• Filtration
• Soil Washing
• Most ex situ remediation
The SITE Program plans to continue to
periodically evaluate whether technologies
that are no longer considered innovative
should be added to the baseline of
conventional technologies. The Program
conducted this review in FY 2002, and will
again in 2007 and on a 5-year basis thereafter.
EPA guidance recommends that ROD
estimates assess remedial alternatives with an
accuracy of +50 percent to -30 percent. Of
the 204 RODs that selected innovative
technologies through 2000,105 had sufficient
information to make a cost comparison
between the selected technology and a
conventional technology. The procedure for
estimating cost savings from RODs involves
the following:
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p
o
:_
o
*j
CS
o
o
^
4«
o
BJD
CS
30%
25%
20%
75%
RODs Selecting In Situ Treatment
Linear (RODs Selecting In Situ Treatment)
70%
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02*
Fiscal Year
*Includes information from an estimated 70% of FY 2002 RODs.
Figure 3. Superfund Remedial Actions: Trends in the Selection of In Situ
Treatment for Groundwater (FY 1986-2002)
Source: U.S. EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Innovative Treatment
Technologies Annual Status Report, 11th Edition (54-2-R-03-009)
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• Identification of RODs employing
recognized innovative technologies over
traditional technologies (e.g., in situ
bioremediation over ex situ thermal
desorption)
• Assessment of the adequacy of the cost
information in the identified RODs for
both the innovative technology selected
and the traditional technology(ies)
considered but rejected
• Calculating the estimated cost difference
(+ or -) between the innovative and
traditional alternative technology(ies)
• Annualizing resulting estimated cost
savings to present day value
Subtracting out cost of SITE Program
(does not include cost to site owners or
vendors)
Potential cost savings from the use of
innovative technologies for the 105 RODs
was estimated at $2.8 billion in 2003 dollars,
with a potential average percent savings per
site of 71 percent. Only 14 of the 105 RODs
reported that the innovative technology was
more expensive than or equal to the
established technology.
To estimate SITE Program net
benefits, the potential FY 93-00 RODs
savings and the SITE Program budget were
adjusted for inflation to end of 2003 dollars
using Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation
figures. The total inflation-adjusted potential
cost savings for RODs dated 1993-2000 was
$2.8 billion, and the total inflated SITE
Program budget from 1986-2000 was $185
million. This comparison represents an
estimated inflated potential cost savings of
over $2.6 billion for various site cleanups.
Figure 4 shows a breakdown of
savings by technology type. Soil vapor
extraction (SVE), which was not considered
an innovative technology by the SITE
Program for the first time in 2002, showed the
highest potential savings of over $1.25 billion,
followed by $585 million for bioremediation.
SVE was one of the initial technologies
accepted into the SITE Program (in the late
1980s), and large savings would therefore be
expected from this technology. Solvent
extraction, thermal desorption, and
vitrification each accounted for over $100
million in potential savings. Phytoremediation
and permeable reactive barriers are newer
technologies that are beginning to be chosen
in RODs, with six and four sites having
specified their use, respectively, with an
associated potential cost savings of $79
million as compared to conventional
technologies. The number of sites and
associated potential costs savings for
phytoremediation and treatment barrier sites
are expected to increase rapidly in coming
years.
Incremental Cost Savings
To assess the current impact of the
SITE program, EPA is developing a method
to estimate incremental cost savings. The
method will be applied on a bi-annual basis
for even years (2000, 2002, 2004, etc.) to
coincide with the availability of RODs data.
Using a preliminary approach, RODs data
from FY2000 were evaluated. Twelve ROD
sites selected innovative remedial
technologies including enhanced
flushing/chemical oxidation,
phytoremediation, and LNAPL recovery by
dual-phase extraction.
Excluded from consideration were the
innovative technologies discussed earlier in
this section which are now considered
conventional (air sparging, SVE, etc.). Seven
of these sites had sufficient cost data for both
innovative and conventional technologies to
make cost comparisons. Potential cost
savings from the use of innovative
technologies for these seven RODs (Figure 4)
were estimated at $95 million (inflated to
2000 dollars) with a potential average per site
savings of 47.5%. Only one of the 7 RODs
reported that the innovative technology was
more expensive than or equal to the
established technology. The SITE Program
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Vitrification
Ex Situ Thermal 2 sjtes ($164»
Desorption
15 sites ($160
Solvent Extraction
2 sites ($12
Air Sparging
8 sites ($75
Treatment Barrier
4 sites ($59;
Phytoremediation
5 sites ($22
Bioremediation
29 sites ($585)
Bioremediation
2 sites ($66)
Soil Vapor Extraction
36 sites ($1,265)
Cumulative Cost Savings
Savings estimates based on comparison of innovative and conventional technologies for
FY 93-00 RODs. Savings shared equally among technologies when multiple
technologies were used and technology-specific costs were not available.
Physical-Chemical
3 sites ($27)
Other
1 site ($2.5)
remediation
1 site ($4.6)
Incremental Cost Savings
Savings estimates based on comparison of innovative and
conventional technologies for FY-00 RODs.
Figure 4. Cost savings estimated from RODs analysis by technology type
(millions of 2002 dollars)
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budget for FY2000 was $6.2 million,
indicating an estimated inflation-adjusted
potential cost savings of $88 million for the
seven RODs sites remediated by innovative
technologies in 2000.
Historical Vendor Benefits
Technology vendors are a central part
of the SITE Program, providing remediation
services for sites requiring cleanup solutions.
As part of the SITE Program, vendors provide
historical information on jobs they have
performed for the technologies they have
demonstrated. Vendors experience various
benefits by participating in the SITE Program,
namely increased exposure, market share,
technical acceptance, and recognition.
Increased acceptance of innovative
technologies is demonstrated by the level of
commercial activity experienced by SITE
Program vendors. For example, cumulative
information reported in 2002 indicates that
since completing SITE demonstration
projects, vendors have received contracts for
2,119 cleanups and 1,388 treatability studies
(Figure 5).
As part of an ongoing SITE Program
evaluation initiated in 1989, 87 vendors have
provided information regarding sales of their
technologies. Following participation in the
SITE Program, 63 percent of the responding
vendors were awarded remediation contracts
using technologies demonstrated in the SITE
Program. Thirty-four percent of the reporting
vendors have been awarded ten or more
contracts each. Over 35 percent reported one
or more international contracts, identifying 40
countries where jobs were contracted. Figure
6 provides a historical perspective of growth
in the number of contracts awarded to SITE
vendors from 1990 to 2002.
The 2002 Demonstration Program
vendor information has been broken down by
technology type to ascertain which
technologies demonstrated the greatest
commercial success. Figure 7 shows the share
by technology type of the 3,507 remediation
and treatability contracts awarded to vendors.
It is clear from this chart that soil vapor
extraction and bioremediation technologies
have had the most commercial success; in
particular, soil vapor extraction can no longer
be considered an innovative technology, as
discussed earlier in this section.
This trend from the vendor information
is consistent with the RODs analysis results
which were shown in Figure 2, providing two
sources of data to confirm the outstanding
commercial success of the technologies.
"Although our company has made significant
investments in the research and development of
our product, the opportunity for independent
product verification under the SITE Program is
invaluable to the promotion of our technology as
another tool in the toolbox in managing impacted
sediments."
John H. Hull, President
AquaBlok, Ltd.
In addition to the 87 Demonstration
Program vendors, information was obtained
from 1999-2002 from 18 vendors that
participated in the MMT Program. This
information clearly demonstrated the benefits
that vendors receive from the program,
indicating that 73 percent of the vendors sold
more than 25 units since their demonstration
in the SITE Program. Over 60 percent of the
vendors indicated that their technologies were
used on international remediation projects. In
total, the MMT vendors reported selling over
4,200 units on 1,043 jobs, including 56
international jobs.
Overall, vendor information shows that
SITE technology developers in the
Demonstration and MMT Programs are
achieving commercial success for
demonstrated technologies. The impact of the
SITE Program continues to be significant, as
illustrated by the volume of vendor contracts
over the last decade (Figure 6).
11
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3500
3000
2500
•a
01
•2
03
2000
a
U 1500
o
H
1000
1210
3189
1729
Treatability Studies
Fterrediation Jobs International Cbntracts
TotalJobs
Figure 5. Categorization of contracts awarded to SITE vendors following program participation.
(Source: 2002 vendor information)
12
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'tUUU
orr\r\
OOUU
3000 -
•3
% 2500 -
S
•3
| 2000 -
a
6
3 1 500 -
o
E=
1000 -
500 -
0_
ooc
150 225
i — b I I
1990 1991
410
_|
1992
3507
3229
2874
1895
533
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Figure 6. Total Number of contracts award to SITE vendors after program participation
(Source: 1990-2002 vendor information)
Stabilization/
Solidification
18%
Solvent Extraction
2%
Oxidation
2%
Electro-chemical
1%
Soil Washing
2%
Vitrification
2%
Phytoextraction
1%
Hydraulic/
Pneumatic
Fracturing
8%
Thermal
Desorption
3%
Chemical
Treatment
8%
Soil Vapor
Extraction
25%
Bioremediation
21%
Figure 7. Share of 3,507 total contracts awarded to SITE Demonstration vendors by
technology type
(Source: 1990-2002 vendor information)
13
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Innovative Technology Highlights - - SITE
Program Case Studies
This section presents case studies of
innovative remediation technologies for
vendors that have participated in the SITE
Program. The case studies provide brief
descriptions on the use and status of
representative technologies and, where
available, general information on the cost of
applying each technology. It is typical of the
SITE Program and represents the SITE
Program's approach to promoting innovative
technologies by identifying user needs. In
response to user needs, the SITE Program
assessed the performance of an in-situ
sediment capping technology, an in-situ
chemical oxidation technology for chlorinated
solvent contaminated media, and three
technologies for treating mineral mine
drainage (MMD) including Biphoric water
treatment, treatment ponds and settling
lagoons, and bioreactors.
"The EPA SITE program has
provided valuable collaboration in
helping maximize what we can learn
from the Anacostia site. Their
efforts with the AquaBlok capping
technology is ensuring collection of
the previously unavailable
performance data necessary for its
appropriate commercialization."
Danny Reible
Bettie Margaret Smith Chair of
Environmental Health Engineering
The University of Texas at Austin
Case Study 1: Active Capping Demonstration
The U.S. EPA SITE Program is
evaluating an innovative capping design to
reduce exposure of chemical compounds in
the sediment of the Anacostia River in
Washington, DC. The evaluation is one of
three technologies being investigated at the
site. Historic industrial, military, and
municipal activities have resulted in toxic
levels of several contaminants including
PAHs, PCBs, and metals. AquaBlok™
material was installed at the site to determine
the long-term contaminant containment
effectiveness.
Technology Description
AquaBlok™ is a patented, composite-
aggregate technology resembling small stones
and comprised of a central core, clay, or clay
sized materials, and polymers. The material
acts to reduce movement of dissolved
contaminants into the water column. In
addition to acting as an environmental barrier,
the material may also provide substrate for
wetland vegetation and macroinvertebrate
organisms. AquaBlok™ particles expand
when hydrated, with the degree of expansion
determined largely by the product formulation
and salinity of the hydrating water. When a
mass of discrete and relatively hard
AquaBlok™ particles hydrate and coalesce,
the mass transforms into a continuous and
relatively soft body of material.
Application of the product generally
involves applying dry masses of the material
through water and across the surface of
contaminated sediments. In a matter of days,
the layer transforms into a homogeneous and
relatively cohesive and low-permeability cap
occurring between the contaminated
sediments and the overlying water column and
its inhabitants.
Status
The innovative cap design, containing
AquaBlok™, will be installed at the
Anacostia River site in April 2004. Large-
scale laboratory settling column studies of
AquaBlok™ indicate that this composite-
aggregate material effectively isolates
sediment through the formation of a
continuous and relatively erosion-resistant,
hydrated capping layer atop the sediments.
14
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Monitoring equipment was also installed at
this time. The demonstration project will
focus on the evaluation of the physical
stability of the cap, containing groundwater
seepage, and the assessment of the impact of
the cap on existing flora and fauna. The
evaluation will involve multiple sampling
events over multiple years.
Case Study 2: In-Situ Duox™ Chemical
Oxidation Technology Demonstration
The U.S. EPA SITE Program
evaluated the feasiblity of applying the
Duox™ chemical oxidation technology to
chlorinated solvent contaminated media at the
Roosevelt Mills site in Vernon, Connecticut.
The Roosevelt Mills site is a former woolen
mill that included dry cleaning and metal
plating operations. Operations at the site have
led to the contamination of soil and ground
water.
Technology Description
The Duox™ technology destroys
unsaturated chlorinated solvents by utilizing
a combination of two oxidants. The most
economical oxidants typically used are
sodium persulfate and potassium
permanganate. The in-situ chemical oxidation
process involves the injection of a solution
containing one or more oxidants into the
subsurface to mineralize the target
contaminants.
The process typically involves
injection of the sodium persulfate into the
subsurface. The sodium persulfate
mineralizes target contaminants and satisfies
the soil oxidant demand. The sodium
persulfate also reduces the quantity of
potassium permanganate needed to mineralize
the target compounds. The sequential dual
treatment process can be repeated as many
times as necessary to reduce contaminant
concentrations.
Status
The evaluation focused on the ability
of the Duox™ technology to treat both
dissolved chlorinated organics in groundwater
as well as globular free-phase
tetrachloroethene (PCE) in shallow fill
material. A series of tasks were conducted as
part of the technology evaluation. Three sets
of experiments were used to evaluate the
effectiveness of degrading VOCs in soil and
groundwater at the site. Results from these
tasks indicate that permanganate alone and in
combination with persulfate is effective in
reducing the levels of chlorinated solvents in
the site groundwater as well as in soil
samples.
Case Study 3: Innovative Treatment
Technologies for Mineral Mine Waters
A wide variety of passive and semi-
passive technologies have been demonstrated
to be capable of successfully treating mineral
mine drainage (MMD). The EPA's SITE
Program evaluated the ability of three separate
technologies to remove high concentrations of
metals from MMD, including Biphasic water
treatment, treatments ponds and settling
lagoons, and bioreactors The technology
evaluations were conducted in 2002 at the
abandoned Leviathan Mine site located near
Monitor Pass in northeastern Alpine County,
California.
Technology Description
Biphasic water treatment typically
involves the construction of a treatment plant
that includes a series of reaction, mixing, and
clarifier tanks; a filter press; and chemical
reagent additives. The treatment system uses
the chemical reagent to raise the pH of MMD,
resulting in precipitation of metal hydroxides.
Treatment ponds and settling lagoons
involve the addition of an alkaline chemical
reagent to the MMD to increase the pH and
alkalinity of the solution and cause the
15
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precipitation of toxic metals in a subsequent
settling lagoon. The most common chemical
reagents used are hydrated lime (calcium
hydroxide) and sodium hydroxide. Alkaline
treatment lagoons and lime lagoons are purely
physical/chemical processes similar to
conventional active mine drainage treatment
plants. They may use the same alkaline
reagents used in active treatment plants. Their
semi-passive nature of operation combined
with the use of a large settling lagoon,
however, makes them a uniquely different
technology.
Bioreactor systems typically consist of
lined trenches or pits that contain a
combination of stone, compost, organic
matter, and alkaline additives. Bioreactors are
designed to maximize the activity of sulfate
reducing bacteria (SRB) and can be
constructed in various configurations alone or
as part of a multi-treatment system train.
Status
As part of the SITE program, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
National Risk Management Research
Laboratory (NRMRL), in cooperation with
USEP A Region 9, the State of California, and
Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO),
evaluated Biphasic lime treatment of acid
mine drainage (AMD) and acid rock drainage
(ARD). The active lime treatment system
treated 7.3 million gallons of MMD using 125
tons of lime. The average removal efficiency
for the primary target metals was 99.6 percent
over 20 sampling events.
The alkaline treatment lagoon system
was designed, constructed, and operated by
BP ARCO in cooperation with USEPA
Region 9 and the SITE Program. The
Alkaline Lagoon system treated 3.2 million
gallons of MMD using 19.4 tons of lime.
With the exception of copper, the average
removal efficiency for the primary target
metals in the MMD was 99.2 percent over
eight sampling events.
"The SITE Program has helped start
us in 1991, and has provided
unimpeachable confirmation of the
capabilities of BioGenesis washing
technology. Thirteen years later,
BioGenesis is working with SITE in
an international cooperation project
in Venice and on New Jersey's effort
to clean up the Passaic River. Such
longevity in organizational
relationships speaks for itself in
showing that SITE efficiently serves
the needs of both government and
commercial stakeholders."
Charles L. Wilde,
Executive Vice President
Biogenesis Enterprises, Inc.
A rock-based bioreactor was
constructed in 2002 as a joint effort by BP
ARCO, the State of California, USEPA
Region 9, the EPA ORD SITE Program, and
the University of Nevada at Reno. A SITE
program ITER report summarizing the results
of the technology evaluation is expected to be
completed in 2005; preliminary results
indicate a significant reduction in the primary
target metal concentrations following
treatment.
16
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FY 03 Progress and Accomplishments
Over the past 18 years, SITE has earned
increased recognition as a leader in advancing
innovative technology development and
commercialization and has participated
cooperatively with more than 151 technology
developers. Through FY 03, the SITE Program
has successfully demonstrated 149 technologies,
6 of which were demonstrated during FY 03.
These demonstrations have provided a
tremendous amount of information on the
performance, costs, and applicability of
innovative cleanup technologies, which greatly
assists managers of environmental remediation
projects in developing appropriate and effective
cleanup solutions. SITE has been responsive to
the user community during this time, and has
recently focused on the need for in situ
remediation technologies to more cost
effectively remediate sites. As shown in
Figure 8,78 completed SITE projects have been
ex situ and 71 in situ, with a marked increase in
ongoing in situ technology demonstrations as
compared with ex situ since 1997.
Field demonstration and evaluation of in
situ technologies may require several months or
years of data collection. This is in contrast to
field demonstrations of ex situ technologies
where field work can be completed in 1 to 3
weeks; thus, in situ techniques have higher
budget requirements. Based on the SITE
Program's increased emphasis on in situ
technologies, the number of ongoing
demonstrations will likely increase, with fewer
moving from ongoing to completed status each
year than in the past.
During FY 03, 6 new innovative
technologies were evaluated of the field.
Completed demonstration treatment and
MMTP projects are presented in Table 1, and
ongoing projects are provided in Table 2. All
completed and ongoing projects are listed in
Appendices A and B.
Monitoring and Measurement Technologies
Program
The MMT Program has leveraged its
resources with EPA's Environmental
Technology Verification Program. These two
programs, known collectively as the
Consortium for Site Characterization
Technologies, have developed a partnership
Unprovcti, High-potential
Technology
SITE
PROGRAM
DEMONSTRATION
Objectivity
Proven Technical Expertise
Q/VQC
Scientifically Designed
iivaluation
RESULTS
- Solid Cost Analysis
- C redible Performance
data
Commercial
Success
Redesigned/Configured
Technology Additional
Evaluation or Abandonment
17
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0=ongoing
C= complete 97
98
99
00
01
02
03
Figure 8. History of Ex Situ vs. In Situ Distribution of SITE Demo Projects
with the DOE. Resources from the SITE
Program are used solely for those technologies
addressing hazardous waste. This partnership
will help to address the demands on the MMT
Program and reduce the backlog of applications
submitted by developers of innovative
technologies.
To further advance the MMT Program,
a stakeholder group was formed to assist in
outreach activities and in the selection of
technologies. An advocates program involving
the EPA Regional offices was also established
to assist in the MMT demonstration process and
to ensure that the products of the
demonstrations address issues relevant to EPA.
Ongoing Demonstrations
The MMT Program is completing a
demonstration of technologies for the
determination of mercury in soils and
sediments. Planning for an XRF demonstration
is underway, and the field component is planned
for 2005.
18
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Table 1. SITE Projects Completed FY03
Developer
Location
MI, MS
CA
CA
IL
ON, Canada
MA
Developer
Army Corps of
Engineers
Steam Tech
Environmental
Services
Weiss Associates
Argonne National
Laboratory East
Geosyntec
Harding-Lawson
Engineers
Demonstration Treatment Technology
The purpose of the demonstration is to develop and refine a
protocol for beneficial reuse of dredged sediment. The process
consists of characterization of the site to determine the
contaminant concentration spatially and at depth, identifying
possible end users of dredged materials, and working with the
material until it achieves the appropriate quality for the intended
use.
This project extends the highly successful steam injection
remediation technology to fractured rock media. The
demonstration is aimed at the recovery of chlorinated solvents and
to provide additional information regarding remediating other
fractured rock aquifers.
The Electrochemical Geoxidation (ECGO) process employs
electrode pairs inserted into contaminated soils and/or sediments.
A low voltage, low amperage coupled AC/DC current is applied
to create an induced polarization field. Redox reactions mineralize
organic contaminants and metals are deposited at the electrodes.
This project involves the phytoremediation of radionuclides and
solvents. Specifically, trees were utilized to degrade organic
contaminants or to draw tritium out of the groundwater flow.
This project involves DNAPL remediation using emulsified zero-
valent iron. Site characterization and injection of the emulsified
iron was completed.
In Situ anerobic-aerobic bioremediation of chlorinated solvents.
Hydrogen Release Compound (HRC) diffuses into groundwater
passing through passive treatment wall. This acts as a base and
cometabolite for bioremediation.
Site Location
Milwaukee, WI
Caribou, ME
Bellingham, WA
ANL-E Argonne
National Lab-East
Cape Canaveral, FL
Grafton, MA
Mercury in Soil and Sediment
Developer
Location
CT
NC
NJ
OH
MA
Developer
Milestone
MTI Inc.
Metorex
Ohio Lumex
NITO Corp
Monitoring and Measurement Treatment Technology
Thermal decomposition, atomic absorption
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
XRF
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
XRF
Site Location
Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
19
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Table 2. SITE Ongoing Projects in FY 03
Developer
Location
CA
CA
CA
CT
HI
OH
NJ
NV
Developer
ARCO
State of California
Steam Tech
Environmental
Services
University of
Connecticut
Limno Tech
U.S. EPA
GTI
University of
Nevada, Reno
Demonstration Treatment Technology
This project involves evaluation of an innovative acid mine
drainage (AMD) treatment technology. Lime lagoons are used to
provide reaction time and sludge settling while pH of the AMD is
increased to around 8.5.
This project involves evaluation of an innovative acid mine
drainage (AMD) treatment technology. Biphasis treatment uses
lime or other aklali to raise pH and precipitate metals in two
stages.
This project utilizes steam-enhanced remediation, which is an in
situ thermal treatment soil cleanup technology. The technology
involves installation of a steam injection system and an aggressive
vapor and liquid extraction system for the reduction of organic
contaminants.
This project involves the evaluation of the DUOX (Dual
Oxidation) technology for remediating chlorinated organics. The
DUOX technology utilizes two different chemical oxidants
(potassium permanganate and sodium persulfate) injected into the
subsurface for the oxidation of the chlorinated solvent
contaminants.
This project involves the evaluation of in-situ hydrogen-enhanced
remediation for pesticides in soil.
This project involves a treatability study for the evaluation of the
Base Catalyzed Decompensation (BCD) process at the Warren
County Landfill Site, Warrenton, NC. This chemical
dechlorination process will determine the ability of the BCD
process to chemically dechlorinate the PCBs and dioxin in the
soils.
This project involves the treatment of PCB-contaminated
sediments including an investigation for the beneficial reuse of
the treated sediments.
This project involves evaluation of an innovative acid mine
drainage (AMD) treatment technology. Sulfate reducing bacteria
in bioreactors generate H2S gas which reacts with the water
column to precipitate metals and raise the pH of the AMD.
Site Location
Leviathan Mine Site,
CA
Leviathan Mine Site,
CA
Ridgefield, WA
Vernon, CT
Ford Island, HI
Warrenton, NC
Bayonne, NJ
Leviathan Mine Site,
CA
Dioxin Testing in Soils and Sediments
Developer
Location
DE
NY
NC
ME
NC
Developer
Strategic
Diagnostics
Paracelsian
Xenobiotics
Cape
Technologies
Hybrizyme
Monitoring and Measurement Treatment Technology
Immunoassay and Colorimetry
Cellular Receptor Immunoassay
Cell Based Immunoassay
DPI Immunoassay
Immunoassay and Colorimetry
Site Location
Saginaw, Michigan
Saginaw, Michigan
Saginaw, Michigan
Saginaw, Michigan
Saginaw, Michigan
20
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Future Direction
Introduction
The science of site investigation has
advanced dramatically in the past 20 years.
Advancements in field detection equipment and
laboratory analyses have revealed new
information about the problems at waste sites.
In addition, years of experience in the
cleanup of hazardous waste sites have shown that
quick, inexpensive solutions are usually elusive.
As a remediation proceeds, the task of site
cleanup is often found to be much greater and
much more complex than was originally expected.
Thus the improvements in site investigation and
the lessons learned from both successful and
unsuccessful site remediation have demonstrated
a great demand for effective innovative
technologies.
A number of promising technologies based
on sound scientific principles, but lacking
engineering and performance documentation, are
appearing on the horizon. Some of these,
described below, are being studied under the
SITE Program, and by the U.S. Department of
Energy, U.S. Department of Defense, and others.
It is likely that field demonstrations may occur
within the next few years for these technologies or
for second-generation improvements of these
techniques.
The SITE Program continues to emphasize
the importance of first selecting a site and,
secondly, evaluating one or more appropriate
innovative technologies. The selection of these
sites and technologies is important in meeting the
needs of those responsible for selecting and
Site Program Partners
• DOD Environmental Security and Technology
Certification Program (ESTCP)
• DOE Office of Science and Technology
• EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
• EPA Regional Offices
• Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council
(ITRC)
implementing hazardous waste cleanup. Over
the past several years the SITE program has
been focusing on in situ techniques. A wide
range of representation from relevant federal
and state agencies helps ensure that the most
pressing issues are prioritized and addressed.
The MMT demonstration projects are
selected based on Agency priorities and
stakeholder participation. The Superfund
program office conducts an annual review of
Regional needs regarding the Superfund
activities. This process is intended to address
the need for new technologies and better ways
to expedite the cleanup process or to monitor
waste sites created as a result of Superfund
activities. The demonstration of technologies
for the determination of mercury- and dioxin-
like compounds is the result of that process. A
component of the stakeholder group, the
developers, is also encouraged to nominate
technologies, and the recommendation to
conduct a demonstration of XRF technologies
is derived from that group.
Numerous other technology candidates
have been identified for future testing. Of
primary interest are bioassay and noninvasive
testing technologies. The emergence of
21
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noninvasive technologies is being monitored and
the search for a site and suitable technology is
ongoing. The determination of chlorinated
phenols in soil and sediment is another area of
interest. A number of field tests for pesticides and
pesticide residues have also been suggested as
demonstration candidates. The MMT Program
will continue to emphasize client satisfaction and
has begun an aggressive outreach campaign to
assist graduate developers and to encourage new
developers to seek out the program and to
maintain a strong record of economic success for
the developers and value to the users of the
verification reports.
Technology Areas of Primary Interest
One of the critical needs for remediation
technology is for methods to accelerate aquifer
cleanup. Groundwater contamination may consist
of dissolved-phase contaminant plumes, light non-
aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLS), and dense non-
aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLS), all of which
can potentially move in different directions. As
the complexity of the geological formation
increases so does the need for innovative
technologies to treat or detect non-aqueous phase
contamination in groundwater. New technologies
are needed to control and remediate this
widespread problem.
In addition to groundwater contamination,
The SITE Program continues to place priority on
evaluating technologies for treatment of metals
and/or recalcitrant organic compounds in soil. In
situ technologies for either soil or groundwater
continue to remain a priority for the SITE
Program.
Because of technical difficulties related to
sediment remediation, this is another area where
the remediation community would benefit from
new processes, approaches or less-expensive
methods for treatment. In situ treatment,
sampling and containment are technology areas of
interest that will be addressed in the future.
More recently there have been significant
technology breakthroughs in chemical conversion
22
methodologies. Technologies that rely on
chemical conversion of the contaminant
species rather than destruction or stabilization
will end the remediation process at treatment.
Metal enhanced dechlorination or treatment
barriers fall into this category. This technology
is a groundwater treatment technique that
degrades chlorinated volatile organics (VOCs)
using an electrochemical process that oxidizes
granular iron while reducing and
dechlorinating VOCs. Two methods of in situ
metal enhanced dechlorination have been
developed: in situ permeable treatment
trenches (including funnel and gate
configurations) and reactor vessels containing
granular iron and located in the subsurface. In
the future, material effectiveness on VOCs and
other groundwater contaminants may be
evaluated.
The SITE Program emphasizes the need
for technologies capable of in situ remediation
of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs)
in difficult geological formations. This
continues to be a theme through the
remediation community as a whole. The
program continues to evaluate in situ thermal
and chemical oxidation type technologies
under abroad array of geological conditions. In
addition, effective remediation technologies for
metals in soils, treatment of recalcitrant
compounds, and the general need for in situ
treatment remain high on the priority list.
The SITE Program will also continue to
emphasize the need for technologies that focus
more on types of contaminated sites rather than
single contaminants (i.e., wood preserving
sites, manufactured gas plant sites). Most sites
are not contaminated with a single
contaminant, but with mixtures including by-
products formed from normal degradation.
Recent applications have lead the SITE
Program to move in this direction. Based on
input from the multi-agency review board, a
list of new priority areas are:
Sediments
• Mining Issues\Acid Mine Drainage
• Manufactured Gas Plants
-------
• Wood TreatingVPreserving
• Pesticide ManufacturersVFormulators
Table 3 outlines the contaminant areas of interest,
and Table 4 describes the demonstrations that are
planned for FY04.
MMT Program Areas of Interest
The Monitoring and Measurement
Technologies Program will continue to test and
evaluate in situ and ex situ field analytical
technologies, sampling techniques, and methods
for the determination of the chemical and physical
properties of toxic materials derived from
hazardous waste sites. The schedule of
demonstrations attempts to keep pace with the
emergence of new technologies. Demand for the
program to reevaluate improved versions of
previously tested technologies is a new element
that has increased demands on the program's
resources. Response from clients and developers
continues to show an ongoing need to evaluate
new and improved technologies that support the
goals of the SITE program. In particular, there
remains an ongoing need for technologies that
will support the monitoring and measurement of
LNAPLs and DNAPLs in the subsurface. The
technologies that are selected for this project are
needed to support Superfund's risk assessment
and remediation activities by offering lower cost
analysis and providing faster, high-quality
analytical results.
New instrumentation based on biosensor
technology has shown considerable promise for
detection of many different classes of toxic
compounds. At the current rate of development,
these technologies should be ready for testing in
2005 or 2006. There also remains ongoing
demand for non-invasive technologies to locate
DNAPLs or to characterize a contaminated site
without the need for extensive sample collection
and off-site analysis. These geophysical
technologies have been widely used in the gas and
oil industry and may assist in the pre-
characterization of a site. At present, only a
few developers have applied these technologies
to the environmental market. Monitoring the
evolution of these technologies will continue,
and it is expected that a case study evaluation
will be conducted in response to the ongoing
need of the Superfund program to reduce costs
and accelerate remediation.
Final reports have been published on
the performance verification of technologies
for the determination of mercury in soil and
sediment. Mercury is an element of
considerable concern in part because it has
been widely used in many industries, and
inappropriate disposal of this highly toxic
material has produced a considerable hazard to
humans and the environment. The
demonstration included five developers and
three technologies, all of which showed
considerable promise for the analysis of
mercury in the field.
The first demonstration of a new class
of bioassays occurred during the demonstration
of technologies that may be used for the
analysis of dioxin/furans and coplanar PCBs in
soil and sediment. These technologies have the
potential for affecting the ongoing effort to
characterize and remediate sites that contain
these highly toxic compounds. Interest in the
demonstration from throughout the EPA and
from other federal agencies was very
significant. These technologies are known to
be less expensive than the conventional
GC/MS analysis. Until this demonstration,
little was known about the analytical
performance of these technologies. For
example, it was found that one of the five such
devices evaluated under SITE, Cape
Technologies DF1 Dioxin/Furan and PCB TEQ
Immunoassay Kits, can be a screening tool for
determining sample results above and below 20
pg/g TEQ and even more effective as a screen
for samples above and below 50 pg/g TEQ,
23
-------
Table 3. Future Contaminant Emphasis Areas 2004 - 2007
Groundwater/Surface Water
Sediments
Soils
DNAPL\ Chlorinated Solvents
Arsenic, Mercury or other Heavy Metals
PCBs
PCBs
Arsenic, Mercury, or other Heavy Metals
PAHs
Pesticides
DNAPL
Arsenic, Mercury, or
other Heavy Metals
Chlorinated Solvents
PCBs
Table 4. SITE Program Projects FY 04
Site Name/
Location
Anacostia River,
Washington, DC
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Venice, Italy and
New Jersey
Hudson, New Hampshire
Dallas, Texas
Dodge Pond, Connecticut
Technology
AquaBlok™
Subaqueous cap
Microbial cell
technology
BioGenesis™ Sediment
washing system
XDD In-situ chemical
oxidation
TEA
Innovative sediment
capping
Project Description
Evaluate innovative
capping design
Evaluate anaerobic
biological removal of
PCBs in oil
Evaluate innovative
treatment for PCB-
contaminated
sediment
In-situ chemical
oxidation of
chlorinated organics
in groundwater
TEA
Innovative capping
material for
contaminated
sediment
Proposed Schedule
Demonstation FY04 with
monitoring for multiple years
Demonstration FY04
Venice Demonstration FY04
New Jersey Demonstration
FY04
Demonstration FY04
Demonstration FY04
Demonstration FY04
24
-------
especially considering both the cost ($52,234
vs. $398,029) and time (3 weeks vs. 8 months)
to analyze the 209 split samples as compared
with conventional methods using high
resolution mass spectrometry. The results
will drive many programs including the
EPA's National Dioxin program and the
Superfund's Contract Laboratory program.
The development of microelectronic
devices, some of which incorporate biosensor
technology, will be the focus of the next
planned demonstration. This will address the
analysis of halogenated phenols in soil and
sediment.
One technology that was tested in
1997 was judged to be an ideal candidate for
retesting. The XRF developers made an
appeal to submit their state of the art
technology to a new evaluation. Significant
improvements in electronics, design, and data
analysis along with a number of new
companies not in existence at the time of the
original study made this technology an ideal
candidate for the Program. This project will
be initiated in FY04. This demonstration will
include 11 developers, and a partnership has
been formed with NASA to host the
demonstration at the Kennedy Space Center in
Florida. The demonstration will take place in
January 2005 and a visitors day will allow the
interested public an opportunity to observe the
technologies and to understand the goals and
accomplishments of the SITE program.
Partnerships for Success
Federal to Federal Interface
The SITE Program will continue to
recognize the importance of interagency
cooperation to find common areas of need and
interest. Interfacing with other federal
agencies is an important aspect of enhancing
the benefits of technology demonstrations. It
allows for leveraging resources, expedited
performance and cost information exchange
and cross fertilization of technical expertise
between agencies. In addition, this type of
collaboration encourages the implementation
of innovative approaches by federal end users
in a more expedited manner and, in many
cases, implementation at other non-federal site
locations.
One example of shared interest is in
DNAPL contamination in the subsurface. It
is an environmental problem shared by many
of the member agencies of the Federal
Remediation Technologies Roundtable
(FRTR). These agencies have a mutual
interest in finding cost-effective solutions to
the characterization, treatment and monitoring
of their DNAPL sites.
In 1997, NASA, DOE, EPA and DoD
joined forces in forming the Interagency
DNAPL Consortium (IDC) in order to
evaluate a variety of DNAPL treatment
technologies at a site on Cape Canaveral,
Florida. These agencies, under the auspices
of the FRTR, believe that they should expand
on the concept of the IDC by formation of the
Federal DNAPL Technologies Initiative
Program (FeDTIP). Our vision is for FeDTIP
to be a cooperative program with objectives
broadly focused on finding cost-effective
technologies for treating DNAPL
contamination across a spectrum of site
conditions.
The primary objectives of the FeDTIP are to:
• Develop linkages among the many federal
DNAPL science and technology activities
currently ongoing; the goal is to be
complementary rather than duplicative of
these activities
• Sponsor and participate in technology
demonstrations and deployments at federal
DNAPL sites representing a variety of site
conditions to gain cost and performance
data
• Identify the key science and technology
issues resulting from demonstrations and
25
-------
deployments that must be resolved in order
to reduce costs and improve performance
of DNAPL site cleanup
• Develop or participate in development of
technical practices and design guidance
manuals for key technologies that will
become the standard for application at
DNAPL contaminated sites
Develop an effective technology transfer
process for the benefit of the broader DNAPL
remediation and regulatory community
Federal to State Interface
Where there are common
environmental areas of interest, it is equally
important to have federal to state interactions
as it is to have federal to federal cooperation.
Cooperation with organizations such as the
Environmental Council of States (ECOS) and
Interstate Technology Regulatory Council
(ITRC) promotes partnerships and builds
confidence within the environmental
community that proven innovative
technology can provide more-effective and
less-expensive environmental protection.
The ITRC provides a mechanism to
interact with multiple state regulatory
agencies and state specific verification
programs. The ITRC is a state-led national
coalition dedicated to achieving better
environmental protection through the use of
innovative technologies.
"The Town of Vernon is very pleased with the
cooperation and assistance of the SITE Program. The
SITE Program will allow the town to test the exciting
new technology on the most contaminated property in
Vernon, the Roosevelt Mill. The restoration of the
Roosevelt Mill would not be feasible without the
assistance of the SITE Program."
Larry Shaffer, Town Administrator
Vernon, Connecticut
The ITRC currently has several
workgroups that crosscut the SITE Program's
environmental priority areas of interest in
which EPA participates including: 1)
Bioremediation of DNAPLS Workgroup, 2)
Remediation Process Optimization, 3)
Brownfields, and 4) Sampling,
Characterization, and Monitoring. These
groups are and will continue to be invited to
participate in SITE Program demonstration
projects. Groups choose to participate at a
level required by the objectives of the
workgroup. Involvement of the workgroups
allows for better planning and exchange of
technical requirements early in the planning of
SITE projects. For instance, ITRC's DNAPL
workgroup is focused on developing
innovative techniques to remedy the DNAPL
challenge. The workgroup consists of
members from states, federal partners such as
DOE and EPA, and industry members.
Direct interaction with multiple state
agencies provides many benefits. State
regulatory agencies are also faced with the
difficult problems associated with hazardous
waste clean-up, and the variation of
regulations between states. Interaction among
multiple states on SITE projects can result in
multiple technical issues being addressed in
one field demonstration. This reduces
duplication of field demonstrations to answer
one or more state specific regulatory
questions.
An example of the federal-to-
state/local government interface is
demonstrated at the Anacostia River SITE
Demonstration. The city of Washington, DC
and the U.S. EPA's Hazardous Substance
Research Center are collaborating on the
development of innovative capping
technologies for contaminated sediment. A
visitors day will be held in April 2004 at the
Anacostia River site to discuss the
technologies with public interest groups and
stakeholders. The visitors day was attended
by Louisiana Senator Landrieu and
Washington D.C. Mayor Anthony Williams.
26
-------
Information Transfer
Information transfer is accomplished
through a number of mechanisms. While the
internet information distribution is an
effective mechanism, published
documentation, meetings, and conferences
remain an essential part of technical
information dissemination.
Coordination with existing
remediation workgroups and programs is also
essential. The SITE Program continues to
work cooperatively with numerous programs,
such as DOD's ESTCP Program, the
Environmental Council of States (ECOS)
sponsored ITRC, and the DOE's Science and
Technology Program.
ITRC Team meetings and special site
tours have been conducted near SITE Program
field demonstrations in order to capitalize on
multiple State participation.
The program will continue pursuing
and supporting the development of document
summaries in areas where data exists on a
variety of technologies or applications. The
information is useful in providing the user
community with comparative technical
information and costs within an area.
Documentation will continue for some time
since many of the technologies are in situ and
highly complex. In situ technology
evaluations are tested over varying lengths of
time, with a minimum time period of 3-6
months. Most are evaluated for one year. In
the case of biological treatment or in situ
capping techniques demonstrations may span
2-3 years. The summaries will need updating
as the technologies mature and information
becomes available.
Conclusions
The SITE program is a key element in
EPA's efforts to increase the availability and
use of innovative technologies for remediation
of the nation's hazardous waste sites. The
SITE Program technology evaluations are
used by the remediation community to choose
cleanup technology options, and that data is
credible because of the rigorous quality
assurance and careful planning of the
demonstrations. Some technologies once
considered innovative have been accepted as
standard in part because of this program.
Superfund site managers, who in 1986 had the
choice of incineration or landfill, can now find
many other tools in the "remediation toolbox."
SITE continues to look to the future for
innovative solutions to solve the cleanup
challenges of the past.
http://www.epa.gov/ORD/SITE
27
-------
Appendix A
SITE PROJECTS
(Alphabetically by Developer State)
A-l
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
California
Developer
CMS Research
Corporation
Birmingham, AL
Arctic Foundations
Anchorage, AK
Brice
Environmental
Service Corp.
(BESCORP)
Fairbanks, AK
Arizona State
University
Tempe, AZ
STC Omega
(formerly Silicate
Technology
Corporation)
Scottsdale, AZ
Analytical and
Remedial
Technology, Inc.,
Milpitas, CA
ARCO
CA
Berkeley
Environmental
Restoration Center
(formerly Udell
Technologies, Inc.)
Emeryville, CA
Binax Corp., Antox
Division
Sunnyville, CA
COGNIS, Inc.
Santa Rosa, CA
Eco Mat, Inc.
Hayward, CA
Energy and
Environmental
Research
Corporation
Irvine, CA
Technology
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Freeze Barrier
Soil Washing Plant
Photocatalytic
Oxidation and Air
Stripping
Solidification and
Stabilization
Treatment
Automated
Sampling and
Analytical Platform
Lime Lagoons
In situ Enhanced
Extraction
Imunoassay for
PCB in Soil
Biological/
Chemical
Treatment
Biological
Denitrification
Hybrid Fluidized
Bed System
Contact
H. Ashley Page
205-773-6911
Ed Yarmak
907-562-2741
Craig Jones
907-452-2512
Gregory Raupp
606-965-2828
Elliot Berman
352-867-1320
Stephen Pelger
Scott Larsen
602-948-7100
Gary Hopkins
408-263-8931
Baffy Duff
406-563-5211
Kent Udell
510-642-2928
Steve Collins
510-643-1300
Richard
Lankow
408-752-1353
Steve Rock
U.S. EPA
513-569-7149
Kim Halley
510-783-5885
Richard
Koppang
714-859-8851
Program
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Status
Completed 1992
Completed 1998
Completed 1992
Completed 1999
Completed 1990
Completed 1991
Ongoing
Completed 1993
Completed 1992
Completed 1995
Completed 2000
Completed 1992
A-2
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
California
(continued)
Developer
Energy and
Environmental
Research
Corporation
Irvine, CA
Environmental
Biotechnologies
Montara, CA
EPOC Water, Inc.
Fresno, CA
General Atomics
(formerly Ogden
Environmental
Services)
San Diego, CA
Geokinetics
Berkeley, CA
Geokinetics
Berkeley, CA
Geokinetics &
Duke Engineering
GIS\Solutions, Inc.
Concord, CA
Groundwater
Technology
Government
Services, Inc.
Concord, CA
Hughes
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
Manhattan Beach,
CA
Integrated Water
Resources, Inc.
Lockheed Martin
Missiles & Space
Co., Inc.
Palo Alto, CA
Technology
Reactor Filter
System
Microbial
Composting
Precipitation,
Microfiltration,
Sludge Dewatering
Circulating Bed
Combuster
Acoustic Barrier
Separator
Electrokinetics
Closed Loop Lead
Recovery
Electrokinetic
Heating &
Surfactant Flushing
GISYKey
Environmental Data
Management
Software
Biological
Composting
Steam Enhanced
Recovery Process
Stripping of TCE
Electrokinetic
Remediation
Contact
Neil Widmer
714-859-8851
Douglas
Munnecke
415-596-1020
Scott Jackson
209-291-8144
Robert Goforth
619-455-2499
Anthony
Gattuso
619-455-2910
Steven Clark
510-704-2940
Steven Clark
510-704-2940
Steven Clark
510-704-2940
Garry Reid
510-827-5400
Ronald Hicks
510-671-2387
Paul De Percin
U.S. EPA
513-569-7797
805-565-0996
Steven H.
Schwartzkopf
415-424-3176
Program
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed 1995
Completed 1999
Completed
Completed 1993
Completed 1989
Completed 1995
Completed 2000
Completed 2002
Completed 1999
Completed 1993
Completed 1995
Completed 1993
Completed 2002
Completed
A-3
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
California
(continued)
Developer
Magnum Water
Technology
El Segundo, CA
Membrane
Technology and
Research, Inc.
Menlo Park, CA
North American
Technologies
Aprotek
San Ramon, CA
NOVATERRA,
Inc. (formerly
Toxic Treatments
USA, Inc.)
Los Angeles, CA
Praxis
Environmental
Services
Burlingame, CA
Pulse Sciences,
San Leandro, CA
Radian Corporation
(formerly AWD
Technologies, Inc.)
Walnut Creek, CA
Regenesis
Retech, Inc.
Ukiah,CA
Rochem Separation
Systems, Inc.
Torrance, CA
Roy F. Weston
Sherman Oaks, CA
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
Technology
CAV-OX Process
VaporSep
Membrane Process
Oleofilter
In- situ and Air
Stripping
In- situ Steam
Enhanced
Extraction
X-Ray Treatment
(Aqueous)
X-Ray Treatment
(Soils)
Integrated Vapor
Extraction and
Steam Vacuum
Stripping
Biological
Treatment, HRC of
Organics
Plasma Arc
Vitrification
Rochem Disc Tube
Module System
In well Air
Stripping
Core Barrel Soil
Sampler
Contact
Dale Cox
310-322-4143
Jack Simser
310-640-7000
Marc Jacobs
Doug
Gottschlich
415-328-2228
Cathryn
Wimberly
916-366-6185
Philip LaMori
310-328-9433
Lloyd Stewart
415-641-9044
Vemon Bailey
510-632-5100
ext. 227
Vemon Bailey
510-632-5100
ext. 227
David Bluestein
415-227-0822
Dr. Stephen
Koeningberg
949-366-8000
Ronald
Womack Leroy
B. Leland 707-
462-6522
David
LaMonica
310-370-3160
Jeff Bannon
818-971-4900
Eric Klingel
704-660-1673
Richard Laton
415-883-8787
Program
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Status
Completed 1993
Completed 1991
Completed
Completed 1989
Completed 1997
Completed 1994
Completed
Completed 1990
Completed 2002
Completed 1991
Completed 1994
Completed 1994
Completed
A-4
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
California
(continued)
Colorado
Developer
SIVE Services
Dixon, CA
SRI Instruments
Torrance, CA
State of California
Steam Tech
Environmental
Services
Bakersfield, CA
Steam Tech
Environmental
Services
Bakersfield, CA
Terra-Kleen
Response Group,
Inc.
Del Mar, CA
Texaco, Inc.
S. El Monte, CA
Thermatrix, Inc.
(Formerly Purus,
Inc.)
San Jose, CA
U.S. EPA Region
IX
San Francisco, CA
U.S. Filter
(formerly Ultrox)
Santa Ana, CA
Weiss Associates
Emeryville, CA
Xon Tech, Inc.
VanNuys, CA
X- 19 Biological
Products, Inc.
CF Systems
Corporation
Arvada, CO
Technology
Steam Injection and
Vacuum Extraction
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Biphasic Lime
Treatment
Steam Enhanced
Remediation
In- situ Thermal
(Steam Injection)
Solvent Extraction
Entrained-Bed
Gasification
Photolytic
Oxidation
Excavation and
Foam Suppression
of Volatiles
Ultraviolet
Radiation and
Oxidation
Electrochemcial
Geoxidation
Xon Tech Sector
Sampler
Microbial
Degradation of
PCBs
Solvent Extraction
Batch Organics
Extraction Unit
Contact
Douglas Dieter
916-678-8358
Douglas
Gavilanes
310-214-5092
Chris Stetler
530-542-5461
Hank Sowers
661-322-6478
Hank Sowers
661-322-6478
Alan Cash
619-558-8762
John Winter
310-908-7387
Steve McAdams
408-453-0490
John Blevins
415-744-2400
John Lowry
412-722-1247
Joe Lovenitti
510-450-6141
Matt Young
818-787-7380
Paul E. Gill
408-970-9485
L.V.
Benningfield
303-420-1550
L.V.
Benningfield
303-420-1550
Program
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Exited
Completed 1992
Ongoing
Ongoing
Ongoing
Completed 1994
Completed 1997
Completed 1994
Completed 1992
Completed 1990
Completed 1989
Ongoing
Completed 1991
Completed 2002
Completed 1988
Completed
A-5
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Colorado
(continued)
Connecticut
Developer
Colorado Dept. of
Health
Denver, CO
Colorado School of
Mines, Golden, CO
and Colorado
Department of
Health
Denver, CO
General
Environmental
Corporation
Englewood, CO
Pintail Systems,
Inc.
Aurora, CO
Region 8 and State
of Colorado
Rocky Mountain
Remediation
Services
Golden, CO
Smith
Environmental
Technologies
Corporation
(formerly Canonie
Environmental
Services Corp.)
Englewood, CO
Dexsil Corporation
Hamden, CT
4 demonstrations
Technology
Wetland-Based
Treatment for
Mineral Mine
Drainage
Wetlands-Based
Treatment
Electrocoagulation
Biodegradation of
Cyanide
Biostabilization of
Lead
Biostabilization of
Mercury Mining
Wastes
Biological
Stabilization of
Arsenic in Soils
Multiple Innovative
Passive mine
Drainage
Technologies
Environmental Soil
Amendment
(Stabilization)
Low Temperature
Thermal Aeration
Anaerobic Thermal
Processor
Environmental Test
Kits (PCB) Chlor-
N-Soil
L2000
PCB/Chloride
Analyzer
Contact
Jim Lewis
303-692-3390
Thomas
Wildeman
303-273-3642
Carl Dalrymple
303-761-6960
Caren Caldwell
303-367-8443
Leslie
Thompson
303-367-8443
Leslie
Thompson
303-367-8443
Leslie
Thompson
303-367-8443
Victor
Kettellapper
303-312-6578
Jim Barthel
303-215-6620
Joseph Hutton
303-790-1747
Joseph Hutton
303-790-1747
Jack Mahon
203-288-3509
Program
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Status
Completed 1999
Completed
Completed 1995
Completed 1998
Completed 2000
Completed
Completed 2000
Completed 2001
Completed
Completed 1992
Completed 1991
Completed 1993
A-6
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Connecticut
(continued)
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Developer
University of
Connecticut
E.I. DuPont de
Nemours and Co.
and Oberlin Filter
Co.
Newark, DE and
Waukesha, WI
Hewlett-Packard
(formerly MTI
Analytical
Instruments)
Wilmington, DE
Strategic
Diagnostics Inc.
(formerly Ensys,
Inc.)
Newark, DE
Funderburk and
Associates
Apollo Beach, FL
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications,
Inc. /Florida
International
University and
University of
Miami
Miami, FL
High Voltage
Environmental
Applications, Inc.
Miami, FL
PCP, Inc.
West Palm Beach,
FL
American
Combustion, Inc.
Norcross, GA
ETG., Inc.
Norcross, GA
Sonotech, Inc.
Atlanta, GA
Technology
Permanganate/
Persulfate
Oxidation
Treatment for PCE
Membrane
Microfiltration
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Immunoassay for
PCP
Dechlorination and
Immobilization
High-Energy
Electron Irradiation
(Aqueous)
High Energy
Electronic Beam
(Solids)
Ion Mobility
Spectrometry
PYRETRON
Thermal
Destruction
Long-Path Fourier
Transform Infrared
Spectrometer
Frequency Tunable
Pulse Combustion
System
Contact
George Hoag
860-486-2781
Ernest Mayer
302-774-2277
Hewlett-
Packard
800-227-9770
Bob Belair
302-633-8487
Tim Lawruk
800-544-8881
302-456-6782
Ray Funderburk
800-723-8847
William Cooper
910-962-3450
William Cooper
305-593-5330
Martin Cohen
407-683-0507
Gregory Gitman
404-564-4180
Oman Simpson
404-242-0977
BenZinn
404-894-3033
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Status
Ongoing
Completed 1990
Completed 1992
Completed 1993
Completed 1997
Completed 1993
Completed 1994
Completed
Completed 1991
Completed 1988
Completed 1992
Completed 1995
A-7
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Georgia
(continued)
Idaho
Illinois
Developer
Williams
Environmental
Services, Inc.
(Formerly Harmon
Environmental
Services, Inc.)
Stone Mountain,
GA
Aquatic Research
Instruments
Aquatic Research
Instruments
Argonne National
Laboratory West
Idaho Fall, ID
Art's
Manufacturing and
Supply
J.R. Simplot Co.
Pocatello, ID
Morrison Knudsen
Corp./STG
Technologies
Boise, ID
Process
Technologies, Inc.
Boise, ID
U.S. DOE/ Duke
Engineering
Lockheed, ID
Allied Signal
Corporation
Des Plains, IL
Argonne National
Laboratory East
Institute of Gas
Technology
Technology
Soil Washing
Sediment Core
Sampler
Russian Peat Borer
Phytoremediation
of Radionuclides
AMS™ Dual-Tube
Liner Soil Sampler
AMS™ Split Core
Sampler
Anaerobic
Biological Process
Anaerobic
Biological Process
Grouting Technique
Photolytic
Destruction of S VE
off-gases
Surfactant
Enhanced Acquifer
Remediation
Submerged Aerobic
Fixed Film Reactor
Phyroremediation
of Radionuclides
Chemical and
Biological
Treatment
Contact
S. Jackson
Hubbard
(U.S. EPA)
513-569-7507
Will Young
208-768-2222
Will Young
208-768-2222
Scott Lee
208-533-7829
Brian Anderson
800-635-7330
Brian Anderson
800-635-7330
Russell Kaake
208-235-5620
Tom Yergovich
209-858-2511
Kathryn Levihn
Rick Raymondi
208-386-6115
Michael Swan
208-385-0900
Michael Shook
208-526-6945
Steve Lupton
708-391-3500
Christina Negri
Robert Kelley
847-768-0722
Program
Emerging
Technology
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Status
Exited 1992
Completed
Completed
Ongoing
Completed
Completed 1999
Completed 1993
Completed 1994
Completed
Exited
Completed 1999
Completed
Ongoing
Completed 1993
A-8
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Illinois
(continued)
Indiana
Iowa
Developer
Institute of Gas
Technology
OHM
Environmental
(formerly RUST
Remedial Services,
Inc.)
Lombard, IL
Recycling Sciences,
Inc.
Chicago, IL
Wheelabrator Clean
Air Systems
(formerly Chemical
Waste
Management)
Schaumburg, IL
Bio-Rem, Inc.
Butler, IN
Geoprobe
Salina, KS
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Munster, IN
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Munster, IN
Soil Tech, ATP
Systems Inc
Porter, IN
Clements
Associates, Inc.
Technology
Fluid Extraction-
Biological
Degradation
Process
Fluidized-Bed
Cyclonic
Agglomerating
Incinerator
Superficial
Extraction/Liquid
Phase Oxidation of
Waste
X-TRAX Thermal
Desorption
Desorption and
Vapor Extraction
System
Evaporation and
Chemical Oxidation
Augmented In-situ
Subsurface
Bioremediation
Process
Soil, Water, Vapor
Sampling Cone
Penetrometer
Chemical
Stabilization of
Mercury Mining
Wastes
MAECTITE®
Treatment Process
Thermal Desorption
JMC
Environmentalist' s
Subsoil Probe
Contact
Albert Paterek
847-768-0720
Mike Mensinger
847-768-0602
Amir Rehmat
847-768-0588
Mike Mensinger
847-768-0602
Dick Ay en
803-646-2413
William
Meenan
312-663-4269
Bob Hemquist
708-706-6900
David Mann
219-868-5823
800-428-4626
Wes McCall
Tom Omli
800-436-7762
Steve Chisick
219-836-0116
Chuck
McPheeters
219-836-0116
Joe Hutton
219-926-8651
Jim Clements
515-792-8285
Program
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measuring
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurements
Technologies
Status
Completed 1992
Completed
Completed
Completed 1992
Completed
Completed
Completed 1993
Completed 1995
Exited
Completed 2000
Completed 1992
Completed
A-9
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Massachusetts
Developer
Geoprobe Systems
Salina, KS
Micro sensor
System, Inc.
Bowling Green, KY
Advanced
Remediation
Mixing, Inc.
(Formerly Chemfix
Technologies, Inc.)
Kenner, LA
Electrokinetics, Inc.
Baton Rouge, LA
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
Baton Rouge, LA
Quadrel Services,
Inc.
W. L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
ABB
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Wakefield, MA
Harding Lawson
Associates
(formally ABB
Environmental
Services, Inc.)
Wakefield, MA
Harding-Lawson
Engineers
Wakefield, MA
Bruker Instruments
Billerica, MA
HNU Systems, Inc.
Newtown, MA
Technology
Large Bore Soil
Sampler
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Solidification and
Stabilization
Electrokinetic
Remediation
Electro-Klean
Electrokinetic
Soil Remediation
Membrane
Separation and
Bioremediation
Emflux® Soil-Gas
Survey System
Gore-Scrubber®
Passive Soil Gas
Sampler
Anaerobic/
Aerobic Sequential
Bioremediation
Two-Zone Plume
Interception In- situ
Treatment Strategy
In- situ Anerobic-
aerotic
Bioremediation
Bruker Mobile
Environmental
Monitor
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Contact
Wesley McCall
Tom Omli
800-436-7762
Norman Davis
502-752-1353
Sam Pizzitola
504-461-0466
ElifAcar
504-388-3992
ElifAcar
504-753-8004
Clayton Page
504-755-7711
Bruce Tucker
Paul Henning
301-874-5510
Ray
Fenstermacher
410-392-7600
Willard Murray
617-245-6606
Jaret Johnson
Willard Murray
617-245-6606
William Murray
617-245-6606
Dr. Brian
Abraham
508-667-9580
Jack Driscoll
800-724-6690
617-964-6690
Program
Monitoring and
Measurements
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Status
Completed
Completed 1995
Completed 1989
Completed 1989
Exited
Exited
Completed
1995
Completed
Completed
Completed 1998
Completed
Ongoing
Completed
Completed 1992
A-10
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Massachusetts
(continued)
Michigan (and
Mississippi)
Minnesota
Developer
HNU Systems, Inc.
Newtown, MA
KSE, Inc.
Amherst, MA
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
(formerly Clean
Berkshires)
Lanesboro, MA
Millipore
Corporation
Bedford, MA
Niton Corporation
Bedford, MA
Ohmicron
Corporation
Newton, MA
PSI Technology Co.
Andover, MA
Terra-Therm LLC
Fitchburg, MA
UV Technologies,
Inc.
(formerly Energy
and Environmental
Engineering, Inc.)
East Cambridge,
MA
Army Corps of
Engineers
BioTrol Inc.
Eden Prairie, MN
BioTrol, Inc.
Eden Prairie, MN
BioTrol, Inc.
Eden Prairie, MN
Technology
Portable X-Ray
Fluorescence
Spectrometer
Air II
Photocatalytic
Technology for Air
Streams
High Temperature
Thermal Process
EnviroGard PCB
Immunoassay Test
Kit
Immunoassay for
PCP (Soil, Water)
Portable X-Ray
Fluorescence
Spectrometer
Immunoassay for
PCP in Soil
Immobilize and
Decontaminate
Metals in
Aggregate Solids
In- Situ Thermal
Laser-Induced
Photochemical
Oxidative
Destruction
Phytoremediation
Biotreatment of
Groundwater
Methanotropic
Bioreactor System
Biological Aqueous
Treatment System
Contact
Jack Driscoll
800-724-6690
617-964-6690
James Kittrell
413-549-5506
Jim
Maxymillian
413-499-3050
Alan Weiss
617-275-9200
Alan Weiss
617-275-9200
Don Sackett
781-275-9275
Mary Hayes
215-860-5115
Joseph Morency
508-689-0003
Ralph Baker
978-343-0300
John Roll
James Porter
617-666-5500
Detroit, MI and
Vicksburg, MS
Dennis Chilcote
612-942-8032
Durell Dobbins
612-942-8032
Durell Dobbins
612-942-8032
Program
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Status
Completed 1995
Completed 1999
Completed 1993
Completed 1992
Completed 1993
Completed 1995
Completed 1993
Completed 1993
Completed 2002
Completed 1993
Ongoing
Completed 1989
Completed 1992
Completed 1989
A-ll
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Minnesota
(continued)
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Jersey
Developer
BioTrol, Inc.
Eden Prairie, MN
Membrane
Corporation
Minneapolis, MN
COGNIS
TERRAMET
Gross, MO
Montana College of
Mineral Science
and Technology
Butte, MT
University of
Nebraska
Lincoln, NE
U.S. EPA
Las Vegas, NV
University of
Nevada, Reno
Reno, NV
Accutech Inc
Keyport, NJ and
New Jersey
Institute of
Technology
Newark, NJ
ART International,
Inc.
(formerly Enviro
Sciences, Inc.)
Denville, NJ
Dehydro-Tech.
Corporation
Somerville, NJ
Geotech
Development
Corporation
Newark, NJ
Envirogen, Inc.
Lawrenceville, NJ
Technology
Soil Washing
System
Membrane Gas
Transfer in Waste
Remediation
Removal of Lead
from Soils
Air-Sparged
Hydrocyclone
Campbell
Centrifugal Jig
Spray Irrigation
Field Analytical
Screening Program
(FASP)
Passive Constructed
Wetlands
Pneumatic
Fracturing
Extraction and Hot
Gas Injection
Low-Energy
Solvent Extraction
Process
Carver-Greenfield
Process for
Extraction of Oily
Waste
Cold Top
Vitrification
Microbial
Degradation/
Solvent Extraction
Contact
Dennis Chilcote
612-942-8032
Charles Gantzer
612-378-2160
Lou Magdits
573-626-3476
Theodore
Jordan
406-496-4112
406-496-4193
Gordon Ziesing
406-496-1573
406-496-4193
Ray Spalding
402-483-3931
Howard Fribush
703-603-8831
Larry Jack
702-798-2373
Tim Tsukamoto
775-784-4413
John Liskowitz
908-739-6444
Werner Steiner
201-627-7601
Theodore
Trowbridge
908-904-1606
William
Librizzi
201-596-5846
Thomas Tate
610-337-8515
Ronald
Unterman
(609) 936-9300
Program
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed 1989
Discontinued
Completed 1994
Completed 1994
Ongoing
Completed 1996
Completed 1996
Ongoing
Completed 1992
Completed 1994
Completed 1991
Exited
Completed 2000
A-12
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
New Jersey
(continued)
New Mexico
Developer
M.L. ENERGIA,
Inc.
Princeton, NJ
M.L. ENERGIA,
Inc.
Princeton, NJ
New Jersey
Institute of
Technology,
Hazardous
Substance
Management
Research Center
Newark, NJ
New Jersey
Institute of
Technology
Newark, NJ and
GeoTech
Development
Corporation
King of Prussia, PA
New Jersey
Institute of
Technology
Newark, NJ
Phytotech, Inc.
Monmouth, NJ
Sentex Sensing
Technology, Inc.
Ridgefield, NJ
Solucorp
Saddle Back, NJ
Billings and
Associates, Inc.
Albuquerque, NM
Commodore
Advanced Sciences,
Inc.
Albuquerque, NM
Resource
Management and
Recovery (formerly
Bio-Recovery
Systems, Inc.)
Las Graces, NM
Sandia National
Laboratories
Albuquerque, NM
Technology
Reductive Photo-
Dechlorination
Treatment
Reductive
Photo-Thermal
Oxidation Processes
for Chlorocarbons
Pneumatic
Fracturing/
Bioremediation
Cold Top
Vitrification
GHEA Associates
Process
Phytoextraction of
metal from soil
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Molecular Bonding
System
Subsurface
Volatilization and
Ventilation System
Set Process for
PCBs in soil
AlgaSorb
Biological Sorption
Electrokinetic
Extraction in
Unsaturated Soils
Contact
Moshe Lavid
609-799-7970
Moshe Lavid
609-799-7970
John Schuring
201-596-5849
David Kosson
908-445-4346
William
Librizzi
201-596-5846
Thomas Tate
610-337-8515
Itzhak Gottlieb
201-226-4642
Burt Ensley
908-438-0900
Amos
Linenberg
201-945-3694
Robert Kuhn
914-623-2333
Gale Billings
505-345-1116
Don Brenneman
713-676-5324
Mark Jones
505-872-6803
Mike Hosea
505-382-9228
Eric Lindgren
505-844-3820
Earl Mattson
505-856-3311
Program
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Status
Completed 1995
Completed
Completed 1992
Exited
Completed 1992
Completed 1998
Completed 1992
Completed
Completed 1994
Completed 2000
Completed 1990
Completed 1999
A-13
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
New Mexico
(continued)
New York
Ohio
Developer
Thermo Nutech
(formerly TMA
Eberline)
Albuquerque, NM
Photovac
International, Inc.
Deer Park, NY
SBP Technologies,
Inc.
White Plains, NY
RECRA
Environmental, Inc.
(formerly Electro-
Pure Systems, Inc.)
Amherst, NY
State University of
New York at
Oswego
Oswego, NY
Texaco Syngas, Inc.
White Plains, NY
Xerox Corporation
Webster, NY
ASC/EMR
Wright Patterson
AFB
Dayton, OH
Babock and Wilcox
Alliance Research
Center
Alliance, OH
Battelle Memorial
Institute
Columbus, OH
Commodore
Environmental
Columbus, Ohio
Technology
Segmented Gate
System for
Radioactive
Materials
Portable Gas
Chromatograph
Bioventing, Air
Sparging,
Biological
Treatment for
Ground Water
(multi-developer
project with State of
New York)
Alternating Current
Electrocoagula-tion
Technology
Photocatalytic
Treatment for
Sediments
Gasification
Process
Ground Water
Extraction
Phytoremediation of
TCEin
Groundwater
Cyclone
Vitrification
In- situ
Electroacoustic Soil
Decontamination
Solvated Electron
Treatment of
Chlorinated
Organics
Contact
Jeff Brown
423-481-0683
Mark Collins
516-254-4199
Richard
Desrosiers
914-694-2280
Nick Kolak
518-457-3372
Kenneth
Kinecki
800-527-3272
Ronald
Scrudato
Jeffrey
Shiarenzelli
315-341-3639
John Winter
316-251-4000
ext. 536
Ron Hess
716-422-3694
Phil Mook
916-643-5443
Greg Harvey
513-255-7716
Lawrence King
216-829-7576
Satya Chauhan
614-424-4812
Neil Dronby
614-297-0365
Program
Emerging
Technology
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Status
Completed
Completed 1992
Completed 1995
Completed 1992
Completed 1995
Completed 1994
Completed 1995
Completed 1998
Completed 1991
Completed
Completed 1996
A-14
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Ohio
(continued)
Developer
Ferro Corporation
Independence, OH
IT Corporation
Cincinnati, OH
IT Corporation
(formerly OHM
Remediation
Services Corp.)
Findlay, OH
Monsanto/ Dupont
Cincinnati, OH
University of
Dayton Research
Institute
Dayton, OH
US EPA Mobile
Volume Reduction
Unit
Cincinnati, Ohio
U.S. EPA NRMRL
Cincinnati, OH
U.S. EPA NRMRL
andETG
Environmental
Cincinnati, OH
U.S. EPA Risk
Reduction
Engineering
Laboratory and IT
Corporation
Cincinnati, OH
U.S. EPA Risk
Reduction
Engineering
Laboratory and
FRX, Inc.
Cincinnati, OH
U.S. EPA
NRMRL
Cincinnati, OH
Technology
Waste Vitrification
Through Electric
Melting
Chelation/
Electro-deposition
of Toxic Metals
from Soil
Oxygen
Microbubble
In- situ
Bioremediation
In- situ
Electroosmosis of
TCE in soil/
Groundwaters
"Lasagna Process"
Photothermal
Detoxification Unit
(PDU)
Soil Washing
Bioventing
Base-Catalyzed
Dechlorination
Process
Debris Washing
System
Hydraulic
Fracturing
Alternate Cover
Assessment
Program (ACAP)
Contact
S.K. Muralidhar
216-641-8580
Radha Krishnan
513-782-4700
Douglas Jerger
423-690-3211
Thomas
Holdsworth
513-569-7675
Berry Dellinger
John Graham
513-229-2846
Richard Griffith
908-321-6629
Paul McCauley
513-569-7444
George
Huffman
513-569-7341
Yei-Shong
Shieh
215-832-0700
Michael Taylor
513-782-4700
William Slack
513-469-6040
Steve Rock
513-569-7149
Program
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
Completed
Completed 1998
Completed 1998
Completed 1994
Completed 1992
Completed 1997
Completed 1993
Completed 1990
Completed 1992
Completed 2001
A-15
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Developer
Geo-Microbial
Technologies,
Ochelata, OK
Metorex, Inc.
Bend, OR
Aluminum
Company of
America (formerly
Alcoa Separations
Technology, Inc.)
Pittsburgh, PA
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
(formerly
Peroxidation
Systems, Inc.)
Pittsburgh, PA
Center for
Hazardous
Materials Research
Pittsburgh, PA
Center for
Hazardous
Materials Research
Pittsburgh, PA
Concurrent
Technologies
(formerly Center
for Hazardous
Materials Research)
Pittsburgh, PA
MacTec-SPB
Technologies
Company
Pittsburgh, PA
Geo-Con, Inc.
Monroeville, PA
2 Demonstrations
Horsehead
Resource
Development Co.
Inc.
Monaca, PA
Technology
Technology for
Metals Release and
Removal from
Wastes
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
(FPXRF)
Bioscrubber
Perox-Pur Chemical
Oxidation
Acid Extraction
Treatment System
Organics
Destruction and
Metals Stabilization
Lead Smelting
In Well Vapor
Stripping of Ground
Water
In- situ
Solidification/
Stabilization
Flame Reactor
Contact
Donald Hitzman
918-535-2281
Jim Pasmore
800-229-9209
541-385-6748
Paul Liu
412-826-3711
Bertrand
Dussert
412-787-6681
Stephe Paff
412-826-5321
B Stephe Paff
412-826-5321
Brian
Bosilovich
412-826-5321
Brian
Bosilovich
412-826-5321
Mark
McGlathery
800-444-6221
Linda Ward
Robert Hayden
412-856-7700
Regis Zagrocki
610-826-8810
Program
Emerging
Technology
Monitoring and
Measuring
Technologies
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed 2001
Completed 1995
Completed 1993
Completed 1995
Completed 1992
Completed 1995
Completed 1993
Completed 1999
Completed 1988
Completed
A-16
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Pennsylvania
(continued)
South Carolina
Tennessee
Developer
Lewis
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Pittsburgh, PA
Strategic
Diagnostics, Inc.
Newtown, PA
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
Pitsburgh, PA
R.E. Wright
Middletown, PA
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
West Chester, PA
Roy F. Weston, Inc.
West Chester, PA
Vortec Corp
Collegeville, PA
E&C Williams
Summerville, SC
University of South
Carolina
Columbia, SC
Bergmann USA
Gallatin, TN
Brown and Root
Environmental/
Illinois Institute of
Technology
Oak Ridge, TN
Technology
Soil Leaching
Process
Immunoassay for
PCP
Slurry
Biodegradation
Bioventing, Air
Sparging,
Biological
Treatment for
Ground Water
(multi-developer
project with state of
New York)
Thermal Desorption
Steam Regeneration
Adsorption System
(Ambersorb)
Oxidation and
Vitrification
Process
Chemical
Stabilization of
Mercury Mining
Wastes
In-situ Mitigation
of Acid Water
Soil and Sediment
Washing
Technology
Radio Frequency
Heating
Contact
Tom Lewis III
412-322-8100
Craig
Kostyshyn
215-860-5115
ext. 634
David Nakles
412-826-3340
Richard Cronce
717-944-5501
Mike Cosmos
215-430-7423
John
Thoroughgood
610-701-3728
Deborah Plantz
215-537-4061
James Hnat
610-489-2255
Charlie
Williams 843-
821-4200
Frank Caruccio
803-777-4512
George Jones
615-230-2217
Clifton
Blanchard
423-483-9900
Program
Emerging
Technology
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Exited
Completed 1993
Completed 1991
Completed 1992
Completed 1992
Completed 1995
Completed 1993
Exited
Completed 2001
Completed 1995
Completed 1992
Completed 1994
A-17
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Tennessee
(continued)
Texas
Developer
IT Corporation
Knoxville, TN
IT Corporation
Knoxville, TN
WASTECH, Inc.
Oak Ridge, TN
Geokinetics and
Duke Engineering
EET, Inc.
Bellaire, TX
ENSR Consulting
Engineering and
Larson Engineering
Houston, TX
Filter Flow
Technology, Inc.
League City, TX
Fugro Geosciences,
Inc.
Houston, TX
Hanby
Environmental
Laboratory
Wimberly, TX
Hrubetz
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Dallas, TX
Technology
Batch Steam
Distillation and
Metal Extraction
Eimco Biolift
Slurry Reactor as
developed by
Tekno Associates
Mixed Waste
Treatment Process
Photocalytic and
Biological Soil
Detoxificaiton
Solidification/
Stabilization
Electrokinetic
Flushing &
Surfactant Flushing
PCB/Metals
Extraction from
Porous Surfaces
Bioventing, Air
Sparging,
Biological
Treatment for
Ground Water
(multi-developer
project with the
State of New York)
Colloid Polishing
Method
Laser Fluorescence
PAH, BTEX
Screening Cone
Penetrometer
PCP Test Kit
HRUBOUT Process
Contact
Stuart Shealy
423-690-3211
Kandi Brown
423-690-3211
Ed Alperin
615-690-3211
Duane Graves
423-690-3211
Terrence Lyons
U.S. EPA
513-569-7859
Harry
Linnemeyer
512-425-2000
Steven Clark
510-704-2940
Tim Tarrillion
713-662-0727
David Ramsden
(ENSR)
713-520-6802
N. Sathi-
yakumar
716-272-7310
Todd Johnson
713-334-6080
Andrew Taer
713-778-5580
John Hanby
512-847-1212
Barbara Hrubetz
Michael
Hrubetz
214-363-7833
Program
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measuring
Technologies
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Demonstration
Status
Completed 1992
Completed 1992
Completed 1995
Completed 1993
Completed 1991
Completed 1999
Completed 1997
Completed 1995
Completed 1992
Completed 1996
Completed 1993
Completed 1993
A-18
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Texas (continued)
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Developer
Solidtech, Inc.
Houston, TX
Star Organics
Dallas, TX
TN Spectrace
Round Rock, TX
Micro-Bac
International, Inc.
University of
Houston
Houston, TX
Western Product
Recovery Group,
Inc.
Houston, TX
Phytokinetics, Inc.
North Logan, UT
Green Mountain
Laboratories
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
Fairfax Station, VA
BWX Tech., Inc.
(Affiliate of
Babcock and
Wilcox Co.
Lynchburg, VA
Dynaphore, Inc.
Richmond, VA
ITT Industries
Roanoke, VA
ECOVA
Corporation
Redmond, WA
Geosafe
Corporation
Richland, WA
Technology
Solidification and
Stabilization
Injection Soil
Amendment
(Stabilization)
Portable X-Ray
Fluorescence
Spectrometer
Microbial
Degradation of
PCBs
Concentrated Salt
Extraction of Lead
CCBA Physical and
Chemical
Treatment
Phytoremediation of
Soils
Biodegradation of
PCBs in Soils
Soil Washing/
Biological
Treatment
Cyclone Furnace
Removal of
Dissolved Heavy
Metals via
FORAGER Sponge
Enhanced In-Situ
Bioremediation of
Chlorinated
Compounds
Bioslurry Reactor
In- situ Vitrification
Contact
Bill Stallworth
713-497-8558
Phil Clarke
214-522-0742
Peter Barry
512-388-9100
Todd Kenney
512-310-9000
Dennis Clifford
713-743-4266
Donald Kelly
713-493-9321
Bert Elkins
619-749-8856
Ari Ferro
801-750-0985
Adam Longee
802-223-1468
Charles Wilde
703-250-3442
Evan Reynolds
804-522-6000
Norman Rainer
804-288-7109
Rosann
Kryczkowski
540-362-7356
Alan Jones
206-883-1900
James Hansen
Matthew Haass
509-375-0710
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measuring
Technologies
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed 1988
Completed 1999
Completed 1995
Completed 2002
Completed 1999
Completed 1994
Completed 1999
Completed 1999
Completed 2000
Completed 1992
Completed 1992
Completed 1991
Completed 1994
Completed 1999
Completed 1991
Completed 1994
A-19
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Washington
(continued)
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Canada
Developer
Ionics/ Resources
Conservation Co.
Bellevue, WA
Keeco
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
(ReTec) Seattle,
WA
Remediation
Technologies, Inc.
(ReTec) Seattle,
WA
Scitec Corporation
Richland, WA
University of
Washington
Seattle, WA
Wilder
Construction
Minergy
Svedala Industries
(formerly Allis
Mineral Systems)
Oak Creek, WI
USEPA/NRMRL
US-DA Forest
Products Lab
Madison
University of
Wisconsin,
Madison, WI
Western Research
Institute
Laramie, WY
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Chalk River,
Ontario
Technology
BEST Solvent
Extraction
Chemical
Stabilization of
Mercury Mining
Wastes
Methanotrophic
Biofilm Reactor
Liquid and Soils
Biological
Treatment
Field Portable X-
Ray Fluorescence
Asdorptive
Filtration
Matcon Modified
Asphalt Cap
Thermal Sediment
Reuse Technology
Pyrokiln Thermal
Encapsulation
Process
Fungus Treatment
Technology
Photoelectro-
catalytic Treatment
of Metals and
Organics in Water
Contained
Recovery of Oily
Wastes (CROW)
Ultrasonic-Acid
Leachate
Treatment for
Mixed Wastes
Contact
William Hines
206-828-2400
Amy Anderson
888-977-9156
Hans Stroo
206-624-9349
Merv Cooper
206-624-9349
Steve Santy
800-466-5323
509-783-9850
Mark Benjamin
206-543-7645
W. Randall
Garrett
800-484-9404
Terry Carroll
920-727-1411
Jim Kidd
414-798-6341
Glenn Heian
414-762-1190
Richard Lamar
608-231-9469
Marc Anderson
608-262-2674
Charles Hill, Jr.
608-263-4593
James Speight
307-721-2011
Shiv Vijayan
613-583-3311
ext. 3220/6057
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Technologies
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Status
Completed 1992
Completed 2001
Completed 1995
Completed 1994
Completed 1995
Completed 1992
Completed 2001
Completed 2001
Completed 1993
Completed 1991
Completed
Completed 1991
Completed 1997
Completed
A-20
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Canada
(continued)
Developer
Atomic Energy of
Canada, Limited
Chalk River,
Ontario
Cone Tech
Investigations
Vancouver, British
Colombia
ELI Ecologic
International, Inc.
Rockwood, Ontario
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
Guelph, Ontario
2 Demonstrations
Geosyntec
Guelph, Ontario
Grace Dearborn,
Inc.
Mississauga,
Ontario
Matrix
Photocatalytic
Limited (formerly
Nutech
Environmental)
London, Ontario,
Canada
Matrix
Photocatalytic
Limited
Toronto Harbour
Comission
Toronto, Ontario
Wastewater
Technology Centre
Burlington, Ontario
Zenon
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
Burlington, Ontario
Technology
Chemical
Treatment and
Ultrafiltration
Resistivity, pH,
Seismic,
Temperature, Cone
Penetrometer
Thermal Gas Phase
Reduction Process
and Thermal
Desorption
In Situ Reactive
Barrier
Metal Enhanced
Abiotic
Degradation
Emulsified Zero-
valent Iron for
DNAPL
Remediation
Daramend Process
TiO2 Photocatalytic
Treatment of
Aqueous Waste
Streams
TiO2 Photocatalytic
Air Treatment
Soil Recycling
Cross-Flow
Pervaporation
System
Bioreactor
Integrated with an
Ultrafiltration
Membrane System
Contact
Leo Buckley
613-584-3311
Ward Phillips
604-327-4311
Jim Nash
519-856-9591
John Vogan
519-824-0432
William
Matulewicz
609-722-6700
Suzanne O'Hara
519-822-2230
Alan Seech
Paul Bucen
905-272-7480
Bob Henderson
519-660-8669
Bob Henderson
519-660-8669
Dennis Lang
416-863-2047
Chris Lipski
905-639-6320
Lisa Ashton
905-639-6320
ext. 244
Program
Emerging
Technology
Monitoring and
Measuring
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Ex-situ
In- situ
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Demonstration
Status
Completed 1993
Completed 1992
Completed 1992
Completed 2000
Completed 1995
Completed
Ongoing
Completed 1994
Completed 1994
Completed 1995
Completed 1992
Completed 1992
Completed 1995
A-21
-------
SITE PROJECTS - BY DEVELOPER STATE
State
Canada
(continued)
England/United
Kingdom
Italy
Puerto Rico
Developer
Zenon
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
Burlington, Ontario
Zenon
Environmental
Systems, Inc.
Burlington, Ontario
AEA Technology
(formerly Warren
Spring Laboratory)
Oxfordshire,
England
Graseby Ionics,
Limited
Waterford Herts,
England
Gruppo
Italimpresse
(developed by
Shirco Infrared
Systems, Inc.)
(formerly ECOVA)
Rome, Italy
2 Demonstrations
Terra Vac, Inc.
San Juan, PR
Technology
Cross-Flow
Pervaporation
System
ZenoGem Process
Physical and
Chemical
Treatment
Ion Mobility
Spectrometry
Infrared Thermal
Destruction
In- situ Vacuum
Extraction
Contact
Phil Canning
Tony Tonelli
905-639-6320
Chris Lipski
905-639-6320
Steve Barber
011-44-1235-
463062
John
Brokenshire
011-44-1923-
816166
Martin Cohen
561-683-0507
John Cioffi
206-883-1900
James Malot
787-725-8750
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Measuring and
Monitoring
Technologies
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed 1995
Completed 1995
Completed 1994
Completed 1990
Completed 1987
Completed
A-22
-------
Appendix B
SITE TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES
(Alphabetically by Demonstration Site State)
B-l
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE
State
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Demonstration
Location
Fairbanks, AK
ABE
Superfund Site
(Region 10)
Phoenix, AZ
Pesticide Site
(Region 9)
Phoenix, AZ
Pesticide Site
(Region 9)
Phoenix, AZ
Williams AFB
(Region 9)
Jefferson, AR
Incineration Research
Facility (IRF)
(Region 6)
Burbank, CA
Lockheed Site
(Region 9)
Clear Lake, CA
Technology
Soil Washing
Low
Temperature
Thermal Aeration
Anaerobic
Thermal
Processor
In-situ
Subsurface
Bioremediation
Tunable-Pulse
Combustion
Pyreton Burner
(Thermal
Destruction)
Integrated In-situ
Vapor Extraction
and Steam
Vacuum
Stripping Process
Biostabilization
of Mercury
Mining Wastes
Contact
Brice
Environmental
Services
Corporation
(BESCORP)
Fairbanks, AK
Craig Jones
907-452-2515
Smith
Environmental
Services (formerly
Canonie)
Englewood, CO
Joe Hutton
219-926-8651
Smith
Environmental
Services (formerly
Canonie)
Englewood, CO
Joe Hutton
219-926-8651
Bio-Rem
Butler, IN
David O. Mann
219-868-5823
Sonotech, Inc.
Atlanta, GA
Ben Zinn
404-894-3033
American
Combustion
Technologies
Norcross, GA
Gregory Gitman
404-564-4180
Radian
Corporation
(formerly AWD
Technologies,
Inc.)
Walnut Creek, CA
David Bluestein
415-227-0822
Pintail Systems,
Inc.
Aurora, CO
Leslie Thompson
303-367-8443
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1992
Completed
1992
Completed
Completed
1993
Completed
1995
Completed
1988
Completed
1990
Completed
B-2
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
California
(continued)
Demonstration
Location
Clear Lake, CA
Clear Lake, CA
Edwards AFB, CA
(Region 9)
Fresno, CA
Selma Site
(Region 9)
Fresno, CA
Selma Site
(Region 9)
Fullerton, CA
McColl Superfund
Site
(Region 9)
Huntington Beach,
CA
Rainbow Disposal
(Region 9)
Jackson, CA
Pintail Systems, Inc.
(Region 9)
Leviathan Mine Site
(Region 9)
Technology
Chemical
Stabilization of
Mercury Mining
Wastes
Chemical
Stabilization of
Mercury Mining
Wastes
CAV-OX
Oxidation
Process
Entrained-Bed
Gasfication
Silicate
Compounds by
Solidification/
Stabilizatioin
Excavation and
Foam
Suppression of
Volatiles
Steam Injection/
Vacuum
Extraction
(SIVE)
Biological
Stabilization of
Arsenic in Soils
Biphasic Lime
Treatment
Contact
Sevenson, W.C.
Munster, IN
Steve Chisick
219-836-0116
E&C Williams
Summerville, SC
Charlie Williams
84-821-4200
Magnum Water
Technology
El Segundo, CA
Dale Cox
310-640-7000
Texaco, Inc.
S. El Monte, CA
John Winter
310-908-7387
STC Omega
(formerly Silicate
Technology
Corporation)
Scottsdale, AZ
Steve Pegler
602-948-7100
U.S. EPA
Region 9
San Francisco, CA
Jon Blevins
415-744-2400
Hughes
Environmental
Manhattan Beach,
CA
(No longer a
vendor for SIVE)
Paul De Percin
U.S. EPA
513-569-7797
Pintail Systems,
Inc.
Aurora, CO
Leslie Thompson
303-367-8443
State of CA
Chris Stetler
530-542-5461
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Exited
Completed
2001
Completed
1993
Completed
1994
Completed
1990
Completed
1990
Completed
1993
Completed
2000
Ongoing
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
California
(continued)
Demonstration
Location
Leviathan Mine Site
(Region 9)
Leviathan Mine Site
(Region 9)
Livermore, CA
Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory
(LLNL)
(Region 9)
Livermore, CA
LLNL
(Region 9)
March AFB, CA
(Region 9)
Port Hueneme, CA
Naval Facilities
Engineering Service
Center
(Region 9)
Redding, CA
Iron Mountain
Superfund Site
Sacramento, CA
McClellanAFB
(Region 9)
Sacramento, CA
McClellanAFB
(Region 9)
Technology
Passive
Constructed
Wetlands
Lime Lagoons
Chemical
Oxidation
Perox-Pure
In-situ Enhanced
Extraction
In well Air
Stripping
Solvated Electron
Treatment of
Chlorinated
Organics
Precipitation,
Microfiltration,
Sludge
Dewatering
Photolytic
Destruction for
SVE Off-gases
Groundwater
Extraction
Contact
University of NV,
Reno
Tim Tsukamoto
775-784-4413
ARCO
Barry Duff
406-563-5211
Calgon Carbon
Oxidation
Technologies
(formerly
Peroxidation
Systems, Inc.
Pittsburgh, PA
Bertrand Dussert
412-787-6681
Berkley
Environmental
Restoration
(formerly Udell
Technologies,
Inc.)
Emeryville, CA
Kent Udell
510-653-9477
Roy Weston
Woodland Hills,
CA
Jeff Bannon
818-971-4900
Commodore
Environmental
Columbus, OH
Neil Dronby
614-297-0365
EPOC Water, Inc.
Fresno, CA
Scott Jackson
209-291-8144
Process
Technologies, Inc.
Boise, ID
Michael Swan
208-385-0900
Xerox Two Phase
Extraction
Webster, NY
Ron Hess
716-422-3694
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Ongoing
Ongoing
Completed
1995
Completed
1993
Completed
1994
Completed
1996
Completed
1993
Exited
Completed
1995
B-4
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
California
(continued)
Demonstration
Location
San Diego, CA
San Diego, CA
Naval Air Station
North Island (NASNI)
(Region 9)
San Diego, CA
NASNI Site 9
(Region 9)
San Francisco, CA
Westin Hotel
(Region 9)
San Jose, CA
Lorentz Barrel and
Drum Site
(Region 9)
San Pedro, CA
Annex Terminal
(Region 9)
Santa Barbara, CA
Santa Marie Health
Care Services (UST
Site)
(Region 9)
Technology
Circulating Bed
Cumbuster
In Well Vapor
Stripping of
Ground Water
Cross-flow
Pervaporation
System for
Removal of
VOCs from
Groundwater
GIS/KEY
Software for HW
Site
Data
Management
Ultraviolet
Ozone Treatment
for Liquids
In-situ Steam/
Air Stripping
Soil Washing/
Geological
Treatment
Contact
General Atomics
(formerlt Ogden
Environmental
Services)
San Diego, CA
Robert Goforth
619-455-2499
MACTEC
Environmental,
Inc.
Pittsburgh, PA
Mark McGlathery
800-444-6221
Zenon
Environmental,
Inc.
Burlington,
Ontario, Canada
Phil Canning
905-639-6320
GIS Solutions,
Inc.
Concord, CA
Garry Reid
510-827-5400
US Filter
(formerly Ultrox
International, Inc)
Santa Ana, CA
John Lowry
412-772-1247
Novaterra, Inc.
(formerly Toxic
Treatment, Inc.)
Torrance, CA
Phil La Mori
310-328-9433
BioGenesis
Enterprises
(formerly
BioVersal USA)
Fairfax Station,
VA
Charles Wilde
703-250-3442
Mohsen Amiran
708-827-0024
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1989
Completed
1999
Completed
1995
Completed
1993
Completed
Completed
1989
Completed
1992
B-5
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
California
(continued)
Colorado
Demonstration
Location
South El Monte, CA
(Region 9)
Clear Creek, CO
Burleigh Tunnel
(Region 8)
Denver, CO
Rocky Flats
(Region 8)
Denver, CO
DOE Rocky Flats
(Region 8)
Denver, CO
(Region 8)
Denver, CO
(Region 8)
Denver, CO
(Region 8)
Denver, CO
(Region 8)
Technology
Gasification
Process
Wetland-Based
Treatment for
Mineral Mine
Drainage
Colloid Polishing
Method
Core Barrel Soil
Sampler
Dual Tube Liner
Soil Sampler
Electrocoa-
gulation
EMFLUX Soil
Gas Survey
System
Gore-Scrubber
Passive Soil Gas
Sampler
Contact
Texaco Syngas,
Inc.
White Plains, NY
John Winter
316-251-4000
ext. 536
Colorado
Department of
Health
Denver, CO
Jim Lewis
303-692-3390
Filter Flow
Technology
League City, TX
Tod Johnson
713-334-6080
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
CA
Richard Laton
415-883-8787
Art's
Manufacturing and
Supply
American Falls,
ID
Brian Anderson
800-635-7330
General
Environmental
Inc. (formerly
Hydrologies, Inc.)
Englewood, CO
Carl Dalrymple
303-761-6960
Quadrel Services,
Inc.
MD
Bruce Tucker
Paul Henning
301-874-5510
W. L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Elkton, MD
Ray
Fenstermacher
410-392-7600
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Status
Completed
1994
Completed
1999
Completed
1992
Completed
Completed
Completed
1995
Completed
Completed
B-6
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Colorado
(continued)
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Demonstration
Location
Denver, CO
(Region 8)
Denver, CO
(Region 8)
Rocky Flats, CO
(Region 8)
Rocky Mountain
Arsenal, CO
(Region 8)
Rocky Mountain
Arsenal, CO
(Region 8)
Summitville, CO
(Region 8)
Roosevelt Mills
Vemon, CT
Dover, DE
(Region 3) &
Elgin, IL
(Region 5)
Brandon, FL
Peak Oil Superfund
Site
(Region 4)
Cape Canaveral, FL
(Region 4)
Technology
JMC
Environmentalist' s
Subsoil Probe
Large Bore Soil
Sampler
In-situ Reactive
Barrier
Biological
Treatment, HRC
of Organics
In-Situ Thermal
Multiple
Innovative
Passive mine
Drainage
Technologies
Permanganate/
Persulfate
Oxidation
Treatment for
PCE
Matcon Modified
Asphalt Cap
Infrared
Incinerator
Dynamic
Underground
Stripping of TCE
Contact
Clements
Associates, Inc.
IA
Jim Clements
515-792-8285
Geoprobe Systems
Salina, KS
Wesley McCall
Tom Omli
800-436-7762
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
Guelph, Ontario
John Vogan
519-824-0432
Regenesis CA
Stephen
Koenigsberg
949-366-8000
Terra-Therm LLC
Ralph Baker
978-343-0300
Region 8 and Sate
of Colorado
Victor
Kettellapper
303-312-6578
Univ. of
Connecticut
George Hoag
860-486-2781
Wilder
Construction
Co.,WA
W. Randall Garrett
800-484-9404
Grupo Italimprese
(Ecova Europa)
(formerly
ECOVA)
Rome, Italy
John Cioffi
206-883-1900
Integrated Water
Resources, Inc.
805-565-0996
Program
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
Completed
Completed
2000
Completed
2002
Completed
2002
Completed
2001
Ongoing
Completed
2001
Completed
1987
Completed
2002
B-7
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Florida
(continued)
Georgia
Hawaii
Demonstration
Location
Cape Canaveral, FL
(Region 4)
Hialeah, FL
General Electric
Service Shop
Pensacola, FL
American Creosote
Works
(Region 4)
Pensacola, FL
Escanbia Wood
Preserving Site
(Region 4)
Petroleum Products
Corporation
Miami, FL
Chickamuga, GA and
Hopkinsville, GA
(Region 4)
Warner Robins, GA
Robins AFB
(Region 4)
Pearl Harbor, HI
(Region 9)
Pearl Harbor, HI
Naval Facility
(Region 9)
Technology
Emulsified Zero-
valent Iron for
DNAPL
Remediation
In-situ
Solidification/
Stabilization
Filtration
Soil Washing
Oleofilter
Debris Washing
System
Stabilization of
Organics
PCB/Metals
Extraction from
Porous Surfaces
Electrokinetics
Contact
Geosyntec
Guelph, Ontario
Suzanne O'Hara
519-822-2230
Geo-Con, Inc.
Monroville, PA
Linda Ward
Robert Hayden
412-856-7700
SBP
Technologies, Inc.
Baton Rouge, LA
Clayton Page
504-755-7711
U.S. EPA Mobile
Volume Reduction
Unit
Cincinnati, OH
Richard Griffith
908-321-6629
North American
Technologies
Aprotek
San Ramon, CA
Cathryn Wmberly
916-366-6185
U.S. EPA
NRMRL
Cincinnati, OH
Mike Taylor
512-782-4700
WASTECH, Inc.
Oak Ridge, TN
Benjamin Peacock
615-483-6515
EET Inc.
Bellaire, TX
Tim Tarrillion
713-662-0727
Geokinetics
CA
Steven
Clark
510-704-2940
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Ongoing
Completed
1988
Completed
1992
Completed
1992
Completed
Completed
1990
Completed
1991
Completed
1997
Completed
2000
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Hawaii
(continued)
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Demonstration
Location
Pearl Harbor, HI
Naval Facility
(Region 9)
Pearl Harbor, HI
Naval Facility
(Region 9
Pearl Harbor, HI
Naval Facility
(Region 9
Aberjona River
INEEL Lab
Chicago, IL
(Region 4)
Elgin, IL
(Region 5) &
Dover, DE
(Region 3)
Waukegan Harbor, IL
(Region 5)
Gary, IN
Indiana Harbour
(Region 5)
Technology
Electrokinetic
Flushing &
Surfactant
Flushing
Set Process for
PCBs in Soil
Closed Loop
Lead Recovery
Sediment Core
Sampler
Phytoremediation
Hydraulic
Fracturing
Matcon Modified
Asphalt Cap
Thermal
Desorption
Solvent
Extraction
Contact
Geokinetics and
Duke Engineering
TX
Steven Clark
510-704-2940
Harry Linnemeyer
512-425-2000
Commodore
Advanced
Sciences, Inc.
Albuquerque, NM
Mark Jones
505-872-6803
Geokinetics CA
Stephen Clark
510-704-2940
Aquatic Research
ID
Will Young
(208) 768-2222
Argonne National
Laboratory
West Idaho Fall,
ID
Scott Lee
(208) 533-7829
U.S. EPA/
NRMRL
Cincinnati, OH
William Slack
513-469-6040
Wilder
Construction
Co.,WA
W. Randall Garrett
800-484-9404
SoilTech, ATP
Systems Inc.
Porter, IN
Joe Hutton
219-926-8651
Ionics/Resources
Conservation, Co.
Bellevue, WA
Bill Hines
206-828-2400
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurements
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1999
Completed
2000
Completed
2002
Completed
Ongoing
Completed
1992
Completed
2001
Completed
1992
Completed
1992
B-9
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Demonstration
Location
Albert City, IA
(Region 7)
Albert City, IA
(Region 7)
Albert City, IA
(Region 7)
Albert City, IA
(Region 7)
Albert City, IA
(Region 7)
Albert City, IA
(Region 7)
Bendena, KS
(Region 7)
Paducah, KY
Gaseous Diffustion
Plant
(Region 4)
DOE- Paducah, KY
Technology
Core Barrel Soil
Sampler
Dual Tube Liner
Soil Sampler
EMFLUX Soil
Gas Survey
System
Gore-Scrubber
Passive Soil Gas
Sampler
JMC
Environmentalist' s
Subsoil Probe
Large Bore Soil
Sampler
Biological
Denitrification
In-situ
Electroosmosis
ofTCEinSoil/
Groundwaters
"Lasagna"
Process
Oxidation and
Vitrification
Process
Contact
Simulprobe
Technologies, Inc.
CA
Richard Laton
415-883-8787
Art's
Manufacturing and
Supply
American Falls,
ID
Brian Anderson
800-635-7330
Quadrel Services,
Inc.
MD
Bruce Tucker
Paul Henning
301-874-5510
W. L. Gore and
Associates, Inc.
Elkton, MD
Ray
Fenstermacher
410-392-7600
Clements
Associates, Inc.
IA
Jim Clements
515-792-8285
Geoprobe Systems
Salina, KS
Wesley McCall
Tom Omli
800-436-7762
Eco Mat, Inc.
Hayward, CA
Kim Halley
510-783-5885
Monsanto/Dupont
OH
Thomas
Holdsworth
513-569-7675
Vortec
Corporation
Collegeville, PA
James Hnat
610-489-2255
Program
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Demonstration
Demonstration
Emerging
Technology
Status
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
Completed
2000
Completed
1998
Completed
1993
B-10
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Louisiana
Maine
Massachusetts
Demonstration
Location
Fort Polk, LA
(Region 6)
Lake Charles, LA
Loring AFB
Caribou, ME
(Region I)
Boston, MA
(Region 1)
Boston, MA
(Region 1 )
Grafton, MA
(Region 1)
Groveland, MA
Groveland Wells
Superfund Site
New Bedford, MA
(Region 1)
New Bedford, MA
(Region 1 )
Technology
Electrokinetic
Extraction
Evaporation and
Chemical
Oxidation
In-situ Thermal
(Steam Injection)
AMS Split Core
Sampler
Russian Peat
Borer
Anerobic-aerotic
Bioremediation
In-situ Vacuum
Extraction
Batch Organics
Extraction Unit
Solvent
Extraction
Contact
Electrokinetics,
Inc.
Baton Rouge, LA
ElifAcar
504-388-3992
Wheelbrator Clean
Air Systems
(formerly
Chemical Waste
Management)
Schaumburg, IL
Bob Hernquist
708-706-6900
Steam Tech
Environmental
Services
Bakersfield, CA
Hank Sowers
661-322-6478
Art's
Manufacturing and
Supply
ID
Brian Anderson
800-635-7330
Aquatic Research
Instruments
ID
Will Young
208-768-2222
Harding-Lawson
Enginners, MA
Willard Murray
781-245-6606
Terra Vac, Inc.
San Juan, PR
James Malot
787-725-8750
CF Systems
Corporation
Arvada, CO
L.V. Benningfield
303-420-1550
CF Systems
Corporation
Arvada, CO
L.V. Benningfield
303-420-1550
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Exited
Completed
Ongoing
Completed
1999
Completed
Ongoing
Completed
Completed
Completed
1988
B-ll
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Massachusetts
(continued)
Michigan
Demonstration
Location
North Dartsmouth,
MA
Resolve Superfund
Site
(Region 1 )
Adrian, MI
Anderson
Development
(Region 5)
Bay City, MI
Bay City Municipal
Landfill
(Region 5)
Buchanan, MI
Electro- Voice
(Region 5)
Detroit, MI
(Region 5)
Essexville, MI
Saginaw Bay
Confined Disposal
Facility
(Region 5)
Grand Ledge, MI
Parsons Chemical Site
(Region 5)
Rose Township, MI
(Region 5)
Technology
Thermal
Desorption
Thermal
Desorption
(physical)
Thermal Gas
Phase Reduction
Process and
Thermal
Desorption
Subsurface
Volatilization
and Ventilation
System (SVVS)
Debris Washing
System
Sediment Soil
Washing
In-situ
Vitrification
Infrared
Incinerator
Contact
OHM
Environmental
(formerly
Chemical Waste
Management Inc.)
Lombarda, IL
Dick Ayen
803-846-2413
Roy F. Weston,
Inc.
West Chester, PA
Michael Cosmos
215-430-7423
ELI Eco Logic
International, Inc.
Rockwood,
Ontario,
Canada
Jim Nash
519-856-9591
Billings &
Associates, Inc.
Albuquerque, NM
Gale Billings
505-345-1116
U.S. EPA/
NRMRL
Cincinnati, Ohio
Donald Sanning
513-569-7444
Bergmann, USA
Gallatin, TN
George Jones
615-230-2217
Geosafe
Corporation
Richland, WA
James Hansen
509-375-0710
Grupo Italimprese
(Ecova Europa)
(formerly
ECOVA)
Jon Cioffi
206-883-1900
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1992
Completed
1992
Completed
1992
Completed
1994
Completed
1990
Completed
1992
Completed
1994
Completed
1987
B-12
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Michigan
(continued)
Minnesota
Mississippi
Demonstration
Location
St. Joseph, MI
McGillis & Gibbs
Superfund Site
New Bridge, MN
(Region 5)
McGillis & Gibbs
Superfund Site
New Bridge, MN
(Region 5)
McGillis & Gibbs
Superfund Site
New Bridge, MN
(Region 5)
Minneapolis, MN
Private Oil Refining
Company
(Region 5)
New Brighton, MN
Twin Cities Army
Ammunition Plant
(TCAAP)
(Region 5)
St. Louis Park, MN
(Region 5)
Brookhaven, MS
Brookhaven Wood
Preserving
(Region 4)
Technology
Submerged
Aerobic Fixed
Film Reactor
Biotreatment of
Groundwater
Soil Washing
Biological
Aqueous
Treatment
System
Soil Washing/
Biological
Treatment
Removal of Lead
from Soils
Bioventing
(air-injection)
Fungus
Treatment
Technology
Contact
Allied Signal
Corporation
Des Plains, IL
Steve Lupton
708-391-3500
BioTrol, Inc.
Eden Prairie,
MN
Dennis Chilcote
612-942-8032
BioTrol, Inc.
Eden Prairie, MN
Dennis Chilcote
612-942-8032
BioTrol, Inc.
Eden Prairie,
MN
Dennis Chilcote
612-942-8032
BioGenesis
Enterprises, Inc.
(formerly
BioVersal USA)
Fairfax Station,
VA
Charles Wilde
703-250-3442
Mohsen Amiran
708-827-0024
COGNIS
TARRAMET
Goss, MO
Lou Magdits
573-626-3476
U.S.
EPA/NRMRL
Cincinnati, OH
Paul McCauley
513-569-7444
U.S.
EPA/NRMRL
USDA-Forest
Products Lab
Madison, WI
Richard Lamar
608-231-9469
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
Completed
1989
Completed
1989
Completed
1989
Completed
1992
Completed
1994
Completed
1997
Completed
1991
B-13
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Demonstration
Location
Butte, MT
Butte-Silverbow Site
(Region 8)
Butte, MT
(Region 8)
Mike Horse Mine, MT
(Region 8)
St. Louis, MT
Welldon Spring
(Region 7)
Hastings, NE
(Region 7)
Battle Mountain, NV
(Region 9)
Milford, NH
Savage Superfund Site
(Region 1 )
Plaistow, NH
(Region 1)
Edison, NJ
EPA
(Region 2)
Technology
Plasma Heat
Chemical
Stabilization of
Mercury Mining
Waste
Grouting
Technique
Anaerobic
Biological
Destruction of
TNT in Soil
Spray Irrigation
Biodegradation
of Cyanide
Surfactant
Enanced Aquifer
Remediation
Biodegradation
of PCB' sin Soils
Solvent
Extraction
Carver-
Greenfield
Process
Contact
Retech, Inc.
Ukiah, CA
R.C. Eschenback
707-462-6522
E&C Williams,
SC
Charlie Williams
843-821-4200 and
Keeco, WA
Amy Anderson
888-977-9156
Morrison Knudsen
Corporation
Boise, ID
Kathryn Levihn
Rick Raymondi
208-386-6115
J.R. Simplot
Company
Pocatello, ID
Tom Yergovich
209-858-2511
University of
Nebraska-
Lincoln Hasting,
NE
Ray Spalding
402-783-3931
Pintail Systems,
Inc.
Aurora, CO
Caren Caldwell
303-367-8443
U.S. DOE. Duke
Engineering
G. Michael Shook
208-526-6945
Green Mountain
Laboratories
Montpelier, VT
Adam Longee
802-223-1468
Dehydro Tech
Corporation
East Hanover, NJ
Theodore
Trowbridge
908-904-1606
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1991
Completed
2001
Completed
1996
Completed
1994
Completed
1996
Completed
1998
Completed
1999
Completed
2000
Completed
1991
B-14
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
New Jersey
(continued)
New Mexico
Demonstration
Location
Hillsborough, NJ
(Region 2)
Millville, NJ
Nascoilte Site
(Region 2)
Millville, NJ
Nascoilte Site
(Region 2)
Morganville, NJ
Imperial Oil Co., Inc.
Site
(Region 3)
Pedricktown, NJ
National Lead
Industries
(Region 2)
Trenton, NJ
(Region 2)
Wayne, NJ
(Region 2)
Albuquerque, NM
(Region 6)
Technology
Pneumatic
Fracturing,
Extraction and
Hot Gas Injection
Bioreactor
Integrated with
an Ultraiiltration
Membrane
System
ZenoGem
Process
Solidification
Removal of
Dissolved Metals
Phytoextraction
of Metal from
Soil
Ex- situ Metal-
enhanced Abiotic
Degredation
Electrokenitic
Extraction in
Unsaturated Soils
Contact
Accutech, Inc.
KeyportNJ&
New Jersey
Institute of
Technology,
Newark, NJ
John Liskowitz
908-739-6444
Zenon
Environmental,
Inc.
Burlington,
Ontario, Canada
Lisa Ashton
905-639-6320
ext. 244
Zenon
Environmental,
Inc.
Burlington,
Ontario, Canada
Chris Lipski
905-639-6320
Solidtech, Inc.
Houston, TX
Bill Stallworth
713-497-8558
Dynaphore/
Forager Sponge
Richmond, VA
Norman Rainer
804-288-7109
Phytotech, Inc.
Monmouth, NJ
Burt Ensley
908-438-0900
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
Guelph, Ontario
William
Matulewicz
609-722-6700
Sandia National
Laboratories,
Albuquerque, NM
Eric Lindgren
505-844-3820
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1992
Completed
1995
Completed
Completed
1988
Completed
1994
Completed
1998
Completed
1995
Completed
1999
B-15
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
New York
Demonstration
Location
Brant, NY
Wide Beach
(Region 2)
Brockport, NY
Sweden- 3 Chapman
Site
(Region 2)
Niagara Falls, NY
(Region 2)
Upstate NY
(Region 2)
Utica, NY
(Region 2)
Utica, NY
Town Gas Site
(Region 2)
Technology
Thermal
Desorption
Dechlorination
Biovault,
Bioventing
and Groundwater
Circulation
Biological
Treatment
Process
(multi-developer
project)
Cold Top
Vitrification
In-situ Metal-
enhanced Abiotic
Degredation
High
Temperature
Thermal
Processor
Slurry
Biodegradation
Contact
SoilTech, ATP
Systems, Inc.
Porter, IN
Joe Hutton
219-926-8651
NY State
Bioremediation
and SBP
Technologies, Inc.
White Plains, NY
Clayton Page
504-755-7711
New Jersey
Institute of
Technology
(NJIT)
Newark, NJ and
Geo Tech
Development
Corporation, King
of Prussia, PA
William Librizzi
201-596-5846
Thomas Tate
610-337-8515
EnviroMetal
Technologies, Inc.
Guelph, Ontario
John Vogan
519-824-0432
Maxymillian
Technologies, Inc.
(Formerly Clean
Berkshires)
Lanesboro, MA
Jim Maxymillian
413-499-3050
Remediation
Technologies Inc.
(ReTec) (formerly
Mo Tec Inc.)
Pitsburgh, PA
David Nakles
412-826-3340
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1992
Completed
1995
Exited
Completed
Completed
1993
Completed
1991
B-16
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
North Carolina
Ohio
Demonstration
Location
Morrisville, NC
Koppers Site
(Region 4)
Aliance, OH
Babcock & Wilcox
Alliance Research
Center
(Region 5)
Cincinnati, OH
EPA T&E Facility
(Region 5)
Crooksville, OH
Pintail Systems, Inc.
(Region 5)
Dayton, OH
(Region 5)
DOE Fernald Facility,
OH
(Region 5)
Ro Seville/
Crooksville, OH
Ro Seville/
Crooksville, OH
Technology
Base-Catalyzed
Destruction
(Dehalogenation)
Cyclone
Vitrification
Bioslurry Reactor
Biostabilization
of Lead
Hydraulic
Fracturing
Solvent
Extraction
Envirobond Soil
Amendment
(Stabilization)
Injection Soil
Amendment
(Stabilization)
Contact
U.S. EPA/
NRMRL
Cincinnati, OH
George Huffman
513-569-7341
Environmental
Inc.
Blue Bell, PA
Yei-Shong Shieh
215-832-0700
Babcock &
Wilcox Alliance
Research Center
Alliance, OH
Lawrence King
216-829-7576
ECOVA
Corporation
Redmond, WA
Alan Jones
206-883-1900
Pintail Systems,
Inc.
Aurora, CO
Leslie Thompson
303-367-8443
U.S. EPA/
NRMRL
Cincinnati, OH
William Slack
513-469-6040
Terra Kleen
Corporation (name
changed back
from Sevenson
Extraction
Technology, Inc.)
Del Mar, CA
Alan Cash
619-558-8762
Rocky Mountain
Remedation
Services
Jim Barthel
303-215-6620
Star Organics
Phil Clarke
214-522-0742
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1993
Completed
1991
Completed
1991
Completed
2000
Completed
1992
Completed
1997
Completed
Completed
B-17
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Demonstration
Location
Clackamas, OR
Portable Equipment
Co. Site
(Region 10)
Douglassville, PA
(Region 3)
Monaca, PA
Palmerton, PA
Palmerton Zinc Pile
(Region 3)
Stroudsburg, PA
(Region 3)
Central Landfill,
RI
(Region 1)
N. Smithfield, RI
(Region 1 )
Technology
Chemical
Fixation/
Stabilization
Solidification/
Stabilization
Flame Reactor
Membrane
Microfiltration
Contained
Recovery of Oil
Wastes
Reverse
Osmosis: Disc-
Tube Module
Technology
AIR II
Photocatalytic
Technology for
Air Streams
Contact
Advanced
Remediation
Mixing, Inc.
(formerly Chemfix
Technologies,
Inc.)
Metarie, LA
Sam Pizzitola
504-461-0466
Hazcon and
Funderburk &
Associates)
Apollo Beach, FL
Ray Funderburk
813-645-9620
Horsehead
Resource
Development Co.,
Inc.
Regis Zagrocki
610-826-8810
E.I. DuPont
DeNemours &
Company
Newark, DE
Oberlin Filter
Company
Waukesha, WI
Ernest Mayer
302-774-2277
Western Research
Institute
Laramie, WY
James Speight
307-721-2011
ROCHEM
Separations, Inc.
Torrence, CA
David LaMonica
310-370-3160
KSE, Inc.
Amhurst, MA
James Kittrell
413-549-5506
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1989
Completed
1987
Completed
Completed
1990
Completed
1997
Completed
1994
Completed
1999
B-18
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Demonstration
Location
Savannah River Site,
SC
(Region 4)
Oak Ridge, TN
(Region 4)
Oak Ridge, TN
DOE Oak Ridge
Facility
(Region 4)
Fort Worth, TX
Carswell AFB
(Region 6)
Goldthwaite, TX
Lower Colorado River
Authority Electrical
Substation
Goldthwaite, TX
(Region 6)
San Antonio, TX
Kelly AFB
(Region 6)
Technology
High Energy
Irradiation for
Destruction of
Organics in
Aqueous
Solutions and
Sludge
Photocatalytic
Aqueous Phase
Organics
Destruction
Matrix
Freeze Barrier
Phytoremediation
ofTCEin
Groundwater
Microbial
Degradation/
Solvant
Extraction
Microbial
Degradation of
PCBs
Hot Air Injection
Contact
High Voltage
Environmental
Application, Inc.
Florida
and International
University Miami,
FL
William Cooper
910-962-3450
Matrix, Inc.
London, ON
Robert Henderson
519-660-8669
Arctic
Foundations
Anchorage, AK
Ed Yarmak
907-562-2741
ASC/EMR
Wright Patterson
AFB
Dayton, Ohio
Greg Harvey
513-255-7716
Envirogen, Inc.
Lawrenceville, NJ
Ronald Unterman
609-936-9300
Micro-BAC Int.,
TX
512-310-9000
X- 19 Biological
Products, CA
408-970-9485
Hrubetz
Evironmental
Services, Inc.
Dallas, TX
Michael or
Barbara Hrubetz
214-363-7833
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1994
Completed
1995
Completed
1998
Completed
1998
Completed
2000
Completed
2002
Completed
1993
B-19
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Texas
(continued)
Utah
Virginia
Washington
Demonstration
Location
San Antonio, TX
Kelly AFB
(Region 6)
San Antonio, TX
Kelly AFB
(Region 6)
Hill AFB, UT
(Region 8)
Midvale Slag, UT
Ogden, UT
Chevron Transfer
Facility
(Region 8)
Roanoke, VA
ITT Night Vision
Facility
(Region 3)
Ellensburg, WA
(Region 10)
Whatcom Waterway
Bellingham, WA
Ridgefield, WA
(Region 10)
Technology
Radio-
frequency
Heating
Radio-
frequency
Heating
Steam Injection/
Vacuum
Extraction
Molecular
Bonding System
Phytoremediation
of Petroleum in
Soil and
Groundwater
Enhanced In-situ
Bioremediation
of Chlorinated
Compounds
Anaerobic
Biological
Destruction of
Dinoseb in Soil
Electrochemical
Geooxidation
Steam Enhanced
Remediation
Contact
IITRI/NUS
IITRI-Chicago, IL
and Haliburton/
NUS
Oak Ridge, TN
Clifford Blanchard
615-483-9900
KAI/HNUS
Oak Ridge, TN
Cliff Blanchard
615-483-9900
Praxis
Environmental
Services
San Francisco, CA
Dr. Lloyd Steward
415-641-9044
Solucorp
Saddleback, NJ
Robert Kuhn
914-623-2333
Phytokinetics, Inc.
Logan, UT
Ari Ferro
801-750-0985
ITT Industries
Roanoke, VA
Rosann
Kryczkowski
540-362-7356
J. R. Simplot
Company
Pocatello, ID
Tom Yergovich
209-858-2511
Weiss Associates
Joe Lovenitti
Steam Tech
Environmental
Services
Bakersfield, CA
Hank Sowers
661-322-6478
Program
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
1994
Completed
1994
Completed
1997
Completed
Completed
1999
Completed
1999
Completed
July
1993
Ongoing
Ongoing
B-20
-------
TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION SITES - BY SITE STATE (continued)
State
Wisconsin
Various locations
in U.S.
Canada
Demonstration
Location
Fox River, WI
(Region 5)
Green Bay, WI
(Region 5)
Green Bay, WI
(Region 5)
Sparta, WI
U.S. DOD
Fort McCoy
(Region 5)
Jones Island CDF
Milwaukee, WI
(Region 5)
10 sites around the
nation
Toronto, Canada
Toronto Port
Industrial Division
Trenton, Ontario
Domtar Wood
Preserving Site
Technology
Thermal
Sediment Reuse
Technology
AMS Split Core
Sampler
Russian Peat
Borer
MAECTITE®
Treatment
Process
Phytoremediation
Alternate Cover
Assessment
Program (ACAP)
Treatment Train
for Contaminated
Soils
Bioremediation
Contact
Minergy, WI
Terry Carroll
920-727-1411
Art's
Manufacturing and
Supply
ID
Brian Anderson
800-635-7330
Aquatic Research
Instruments
ID
Will Young
208-768-2222
Sevenson
Environmental
Services, Inc.
Munster, IN
Chuck McPheeters
219-836-0116
Army Corps of
Engineers
(Vicksburg, MS
and Detroit MI)
U.S. EPA
NRMRL
Toronto Harbor
Commissioners
Toronto, Canada
Dennis Lang
416-863-2047
GRACE
Bioremediation
Technologies
Mississauga,
Ontario, Canada
Alan Seech
905-272-7480
Program
Demonstration
Monitoring and
Measurement
Monitoring and
Measurement
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Demonstration
Status
Completed
2001
Completed
1999
Completed
Completed
2000
Ongoing
Completed
2001
Completed
1992
Completed
1994
B-21
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Appendix C
ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL INFORMATION RESOURCES
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CONTENTS
Section Page
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES C-3
Electronic Information Sources C-3
Innovative Remediation Technologies: Field-Sectors Demonstration Projects in North America, Second
Edition and Database C-3
Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information (CLU-IN) Home Page C-3
Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status Report (Tenth Edition) EPA 542/R-01-004 ... C-3
EPA Technologies (EPA REACH IT) C-3
Site Remediation Technology Infobase C-3
Cost and Performance Catalog of Case Studies C-4
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Version 3.0 C-4
TechDirect C-4
Programs, Partnerships, And Organizations C-4
EPA Library Network Program C-4
Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR) C-4
Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC) C-4
Office of Research and Development (ORD) C-4
Remediation Technologies Development Forum (RTDF) C-5
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Demonstration Program C-5
Interstate Technology Regulatory Cooperative (ITRC)
Technology Innovation Program (TIP) C-5
SITE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNOLOGIES C-5
Electronic Sources of Information C-5
EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory - Hazardous Waste
Site Characterization (on CD-ROM) (EPA 600-C-96-001) C-5
Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Matrix C-6
TechDirect C-6
Programs, Partnerships, and Organizations C-6
Consortium for Site Characterization and Technology (CSCT) C-6
Environmental Technology Verification Program C-6
EPA Library Network Program C-6
Office of Research and Development (ORD) C-6
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Demonstration Program C-6
Technology Innovation Program (TIP) C-7
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EPA Sources of Information on
Innovative Remediation and Site Characterization Technologies
Listed below are U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sources of information on Innovative Remediation
and Site Characterization Technologies. Sources of information include: electronic information sources in the form of
databases or Internet sites, as well as programs, partnerships and organizations accessible on the Internet.
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
Electronic Information Sources
Innovative Remediation Technologies: Field-Scale
Demonstration Projects in North America Database.
The searchable database contains information about 600
completed innovative technology field demonstration
projects in North America. The purpose of the database is
to consolidate key information from innovative
demonstration projects into a single source and present that
information in a format that enables the user to easily
identify innovative technologies that may be appropriate to
the user's particular site remediation needs. The database,
which is limited to completed demonstration projects and a
small number of full-scale cleanup efforts, does not include
emerging technologies or laboratory-scale projects. The
database is at .
Hazardous Waste Clean-Up Information (CLU-IN)
Home Page. CLU-IN is a streamlined source of
information about innovative remediation and site
characterization technologies for hazardous waste cleanup
professionals. It provides access to information about
programs, organizations, publications, and other tools for
EPA and other Federal and State personnel, consulting
engineers, technology developers and venders, remediation
contractors, researchers, community groups, and individual
citizens. Access to various pools of information is
presented in the form of downloadable publications and
databases. Sources of additional information on the
Internet also are presented through a series of links. CLU-
IN is sponsored by EPA's Technology Innovation Office
(TIO). For additional information about the CLU-IN home
page, call (301) 589-5318. CLU-IN can be accessed
through the Internet at .
Innovative Treatment Technologies: Annual Status
Report (ASR) Eleventh Edition EPA/542/R-03/009 and
ASR Search System. This report contains information
about remedies selected at contaminated waste sites. The
sites include Superfund remedial and removal sites and
some non-Superfund sites being remediated by the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S. Department of
Defense (DoD), or under the RCRA corrective action
program. The ASR online site cleanup information system
includes Superfund site-specific data such as remedy
selected, contaminants and media treated, project status,
and site contact. The online database is available at
http://cfpub.epa.gov/asr. If you have questions or comments
about the system, please call EPA's TIP at (703) 603-9904.
The report can be ordered or downloaded free of charge from
the CLU-IN Internet site at . To order
a copy of the report by phone, call EPA's National Service
Center for Environmental Publications at (800) 490-9198 or
(513)489-8190.
EPA Remediation and Characterization Innovative
Technologies (EPA REACH IT). EPA REACH IT,
sponsored by EPA's Technology Innovation Program (TIP),
is a system that lets environmental professionals use the
power of the Internet to search, view, download, and print
information about innovative remediation and
characterization technologies. EPA REACH IT provides
information about almost 500 service providers that offer
over 500 remediation technologies and more than 250
characterization technologies. It combines information
submitted by technology service providers about remediation
and characterization technologies with information from
EPA, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE), and state project managers
about sites at which innovative technologies are being
deployed. EPA REACH IT can be accessed through the
Internet at http://www.epareachit.org.
Cost and Performance Catalog of Case Studies. The Cost
and Performance Catalog of Case Studies is a joint effort of
Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable members to
publish case study reports on full- and demonstration-scale
remediation projects. As of May 2001, member agencies of
the Roundtable have completed 274 cost and performance
case study reports. The reports (March 1995-May 2001) can
be accessed by the Cost and Performance Case Studies
Search: .
Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and
Reference Guide, Version 3.0. The Remediation
Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide,
Version 3.0, prepared for federal agencies participating on
the Federal Remediation Technology Roundtable (FRTR),
provides a "yellow pages" of remediation technologies
information. The guide is intended to assist remedial project
managers (RPM) to screen and evaluate candidate cleanup
technologies and select the best remedial alternative(s) for
contaminated installations, facilities, or waste sites. The
guide also assists environmental professionals in gathering
essential descriptive information on the respective
technologies. The guide incorporates cost and performance
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data to the maximum extent available and focuses primarily
on demonstrated technologies. However, information on
emerging technologies also is included in the guide. The
guide can be accessed through the Internet at
.
TechDirect TechDirect, hosted by EPA's TIP, is an
information service that highlights new publications and
events of interest to environmental professionals.
Information about site characterization and remediation
technologies is available through this Internet subscription
service. Once a month, the service distributes by electronic
mail a message describing the availability of publications
and announcements of events. For publications, the
message explains how to obtain a hard copy or how to
download an electronic version from the Internet. To
subscribe to TechDirect and view archived messages, go to
.
Programs, Partnerships, And Organizations
EPA Library Network Program. The EPA National
Library Network Program is a repository of information
from EPA's Headquarters, Regional and Field Offices,
Research Centers, and specialized laboratories throughout
the country. The Library Network provides access to its
collection through the On-line Library System (OLS), a
menu-driven database of the library's holdings. The OLS
provides users with the ability to perform online searches
by author, title, or keyword. The EPA National Library
Network Program can be accessed through the Internet at
.
Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR).
FRTR is an interagency working group that provides a
forum for the exchange of information regarding the
development and demonstration of innovative technologies
for the remediation of hazardous waste sites. The forum
also synthesizes the technical knowledge that Federal
Agencies have compiled and provides a more
comprehensive record of performance and cost of the
technologies. Participating agencies include DoD, the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Navy, the U.S. Air
Force, DOE, the U.S. Department of the Interior, and EPA.
FRTR can be accessed through the Internet at
.
Ground-Water Remediation Technologies Analysis
Center (GWRTAC). GWRTAC was established through
a cooperative agreement between the National
Environmental Technology Applications Center (NETAC)
of the Center for Hazardous Materials Research (CHMR)
and EPA. The goal of GWRTAC is to compile, analyze,
and disseminate information about innovative ground-
water remediation technologies to industry, the research
community, contractors, government, investors, and the
public. The center currently is compiling information to be
included in databases of interactive case studies and vendor
information that will be available on the GWRTAC Internet
site. GWRTAC can be accessed through the Internet at
.
Office of Research and Development (ORD). ORD, under
the Assistant Administrator, Paul Oilman, Ph. D., is the
scientific and technological arm of EPA. Comprised of three
headquarters offices, three national research laboratories and
two national centers, ORD is organized around a basic
strategy of risk assessment and risk assessment management
to remediate environmental and human health problems.
ORD focuses on the advancement of basic peer-reviewed
scientific research and the implementation of cost-effective,
common sense technology. Fundamental to ORD's mission
is a partnership with the academic scientific community
through extramural research grants and fellowships to help
develop the sound environmental research necessary to
ensure effective policy and regulatory decisions. ORD also
implements such programs as the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) program which focuses on
treatment technologies and EPA's Environmental Technology
Verification Program (ETV) which focuses on site
characterization technologies. ORD can be accessed through
the Internet at .
Remediation Technologies Development Forum (RTDF).
RTDF was established by EPA to foster public-private
partnerships that would conduct laboratory and applied
research to develop, test, and evaluate innovative remediation
technologies. RTDF's home page provides access to
information about various remediation technologies currently
being designed, developed and evaluated through seven
action teams of RTDF including: the Bioremediation of
Chlorinated Solvents Consortium, the LASAGNA™
Partnership, the Permeable Reactive Barriers Action Team,
the Sediments Remediation Action Team, the In-Place
Inactivation and Natural Ecological Restoration Technologies
(IINERT) Soil-Metals Action Team, the Phytoremediation of
Organics Action Team, and the In Situ Flushing Action
Team. RTDF can be accessed through the Internet at
.
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Demonstration Program. The SITE Demonstration
program was established by EPA's Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response and the Office of Research and
Development to encourage the development and
implementation of innovative treatment technologies for the
remediation of hazardous waste sites, and monitoring and
measurement. Through the program, technologies are field-
tested on hazardous waste materials and engineering and cost
data are gathered on the innovative technology so that
potential users can assess the technology's applicability to a
particular site. Data collected during the field demonstrations
are used to assess the performance of the technology, the
potential need for pre- and post-processing of the waste,
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applicable types of wastes and waste matrices, potential
operating problems, and approximate capital and operating
costs. The collected information is then provided in a
Innovative Technology Evaluation Report, Technology
Capsule, and Demonstration Bulletin. These reports
evaluate all available information on the technology and
analyze its overall applicability to other site characteristics,
waste types, and waste matrices. Testing procedures,
performance and cost data, and quality assurance and
quality standards also are presented. The SITE
Demonstration program can be accessed through the
Internet at .
Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC).
ITRC is a state-led coalition working together with
industry an stakeholders to achieve regulatory acceptance
of environmental technologies. ITRC consists fo more
than 35 states, the District of Columbia, multiple federal
partners, industry participants, and other stakeholders,
cooperation to break down barriers and reduce compliance
costs, making it easier to use new technologies and helping
states maximize resources. Originating in 1995 from a
previous initiative by the Western Governors Association
(WGA). ITRC brings together a diverse mix of
environmental experts and stakeholders from both the
public and private sectors to broaden and deepen technical
knowledge and streamline the regulation of new
environmental technologies. ITRC accomplishes its
mission in two ways: it develops guidance documents and
training courses to meet the needs of both regulators and
environmental consultants, and it works with state
representatives to ensure that ITRC products and services
have maximum impact among state environmental agencies
and technology users. ITRC technical work teams develop
guidance documents and both classroom and Internet-based
training courses to meet the information needs of
regulatory staff, technology vendors, and environmental
consultants. These products help state environmental
agencies gain valuable technical knowledge and develop
consistent regulatory approaches for reviewing and
approving specific technologies. State regulators lead
ITRC technical teams, which rely on broad-based
participation from federal agencies, industry, academia,
and other stakeholders in building collective knowledge
and collaborative products. ITRC can be accessed through
the Internet at .
Technology Innovation Program (TIP). The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) TIP was created
in 1990 to act as an advocate for new technologies. TIP's
mission is to increase the application of innovative
treatment technologies to contaminated waste sites, soils,
and groundwater. To meet that mission, TIP has expanded
its focus from treatment technologies to include site
characterization technologies in order to improve the
remediation process. TIP has encouraged and relied on
cooperative ventures with other partners to accomplish
many of its goals. This effort to effectively use resources
has led to numerous joint efforts that have enhanced the state
of both remediation and site characterization. For additional
information about TIP, contact Jeff Heimerman of EPA's TIP
at (703) 603-7191. TIP can be accessed through the Internet
at
.
SITE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNOLOGIES
Electronic Sources of Information
Field Analytic Technologies Encyclopedia (FATE). FATE
was developed by the U.S. EPA Technology Innovation
Program in collaboration with the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers to provide information about technologies that can
be used in the field for characterizing contaminated soil and
ground water, monitoring the progress of remedial efforts,
and confirmation sampling and analysis. The technologies
are grouped into 6 classes (Analytics, Direct-Push
Technologies, Explosives, Geophysics, Sampling, Sampling
Design). Standard categories of information are provided for
each technology class, and information includes hyperlinks to
more detailed information, further explanations, diagrams,
additional supporting data, past documented use, and vendors
and their specific instruments. FATE is accessed at
.
EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory -
Hazardous Waste Site Characterization (on CD-ROM)
(EPA 600-C-96-001). The Hazardous Waste Site
Characterization CD-ROM, developed by NERL's ESD-LV,
compiles guidance documents and related software to aid
environmental professionals in the complex,
multidisciplinary, characterizing of hazardous waste sites.
The CD-ROM is a compilation of computer programs related
to EPA's RCRA and Superfund programs that can be printed,
as well as searched by key words. Using the CD-ROM
requires a personal computer with DOS Version 3.0 or
higher, 640K of Ram, and 3 MB of hard disk space. A math
co-processor is recommended but not required. The CD-
ROM can be ordered on-line through the NTIS Internet site at
.
Field Sampling and Analysis Technologies Matrix. The
Matrix, developed by participating agencies of the Federal
Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR), is a matrix
and reference guide that is intended to provide users with an
understanding of the site characterization technologies
available to them and the applicability of various
technologies to their particular problem(s). The Matrix
provides a general understanding of state-of-the-art
technologies for site characterization. The Matrix and
reference guide also enhances technology information
transfer and provides much needed comparison among
competing technologies. The Matrix can be accessed through
the Internet at .
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TechDirect. TechDirect, hosted by EPA's TIP, is an
information service that highlights new publications and
events of interest to environmental professionals.
Information about site characterization and remediation
technologies are available through this Internet
subscription service. Approximately once a month, the
service distributes by electronic mail a message describing
the availability of publications and announcements of
events. For publications, the message explains how to
obtain a hard copy or how to download an electronic
version from the Internet. For additional information about
TechDirect, contact Jeff Heimermann at (703) 603-7191 or
by E-mail at heimerman.jeff@epamail.epa.gov.
TechDirect can be accessed through the Internet at
.
Programs, Partnerships, and Organizations
Consortium for Site Characterization and Technology
(CSCT). CSCT was established as one of 12 pilot projects
currently implemented by EPA's Environmental
Technology Verification (ETV) Program. The CSCT is a
partnership program among the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Department of Defense
(DoD), and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that is
responsible for evaluating and verifying the performance of
innovative site characterization technologies. The CSCT
provides support to technology developers, evaluates and
verifies data generated during demonstrations, and
develops and disseminates information about the
performance of site characterization technologies. CSCT
can be accessed through the Internet at .
Environmental Technology Verification Program. The
ETV program seeks to provide credible performance data
on environmental technologies from independent third
parties under the auspices of EPA. It verifies the
performance of innovative technical solutions to problems
that threaten human health or the environment. Managed
by EPA's ORD, ETV was created to substantially
accelerate the entrance of new environmental technologies
into domestic and international marketplaces. It supplies
buyers of technologies, developers of those technologies,
consulting engineers, states, and EPA regions with high-
quality data on the performance of new technologies. ETV
expands on past verification efforts, such as those
conducted under the SITE program for remediation
technologies. ETV currently implements 10 pilot projects,
including the Consortium for Site Characterization
Technology (CSCT). The ETV program can be accessed
through the Internet at .
EPA Library Network Program. The EPA National
Library Network Program is a repository of information
from EPA's Headquarters, Regional and Field Offices,
Research Centers, and specialized laboratories throughout
the country. The Library Network provides access to its
collection through the On-line Library System (OLS), a
menu-driven database of the library's holdings. The OLS
provides users with the ability to perform online searches by
author, title, or keyword. The material on OLS is updated
every two weeks. The EPA National Library Network
Program can be accessed through the Internet at
.
Office of Research and Development (ORD). ORD, under
the Assistant Administrator, Paul Oilman, Ph. D., is the
scientific and technological arm of EPA. Comprised of three
headquarters offices, three national research laboratories and
two national centers, ORD is organized around a basic
strategy of risk assessment and risk assessment management
to remediate environmental and human health problems.
ORD focuses on the advancement of basic peer-reviewed
scientific research and the implementation of cost-effective,
common sense technology. Fundamental to ORD's mission
is a partnership with the academic scientific community
through extramural research grants and fellowships to help
develop the sound environmental research necessary to
ensure effective policy and regulatory decisions. ORD also
implements such programs as the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) program which focuses on
treatment technologies and EPA's Environmental Technology
Verification Program (ETV) which focuses on site
characterization technologies. ORD can be accessed through
the Internet at .
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Demonstration Program. The SITE Demonstration
program was established by EPA's Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response and the Office of Research and
Development to encourage the development and
implementation of innovative treatment technologies for the
remediation of hazardous waste sites, and monitoring and
measurement. Through the program, technologies are field-
tested on hazardous waste materials and engineering and cost
data are gathered on the innovative technology so that
potential users can assess the technology's applicability to a
particular site. Data collected during the field demonstrations
are used to assess the performance of the technology, the
potential need for pre- and post-processing of the waste,
applicable types of wastes and waste matrices, potential
operating problems, and approximate capital and operating
costs. The collected information is then provided in a
Innovative Technology Evaluation Report, Technology
Capsule, and Demonstration Bulletin. These reports evaluate
all available information on the technology and analyze its
overall applicability to other site characteristics, waste types,
and waste matrices. Testing procedures, performance and
cost data, and quality assurance and quality standards also are
presented. The SITE Demonstration program can be
accessed through the Internet at
.
Technology Innovation Program (TIP). The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) TIP was created
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in 1990 to act as an advocate for new technologies. TIP's
mission is to increase the application of innovative
treatment technologies to contaminated waste sites, soils,
and groundwater. To Meet that mission, TIP has expanded
its focus from treatment technologies to include site
characterization technologies in order to improve the
remediation process. TIP has encouraged and relied on
cooperative ventures with other partners to accomplish
many of its goals. This effort to effectively use resources
has led to numerous joint efforts that have enhanced the
state of both remediation and site characterization. For
additional information about TIP, contact Jeff Heimerman
of EPA's TIP at (703) 603-7191. TIP can be accessed
through the Internet at
.
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Appendix D
GLOSSARY OF REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
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This Appendix presents definitions and brief discussions of the innovative remediation
technologies mentioned in the text of this Annual SITE Report. Established/conventional
technologies (including pump and treat, stabilization, vitrification, incineration, and
excavation/disposal) are being replaced by these state-of-the-art, typically more cost-effective
technologies are also presented.
Innovative Remediation Technologies
BIOREMEDIATION uses microorganisms to degrade organic contaminants in either
excavated or in situ soil, sludge, and solids. The microorganisms break down contaminants by
using them as a food source or cometabolizing them with a food source. Land farming, biopiles,
composting, and slurry-phase bioremediation are examples of ex situ applications. Bioventing is
a common form of in situ bioremediation which uses extraction wells to circulate air through the
ground, sometimes also pumping air into the ground.
CHEMICAL TREATMENT, also known as chemical reduction/oxidation, typically
converts hazardous contaminants to nonhazardous or less toxic compounds that are more stable,
less mobile, or inert. The oxidizing agents most commonly used for treatment of hazardous
contaminants in soil are ozone, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorites, chlorine, chlorine dioxide,
potassium permanganate, and Fentons reagent (hydrogen peroxide and iron). Cyanide oxidation
and dechlorination are examples of chemical treatment. This method may be applied in situ or
ex situ, to soils, sludges, sediments, and other solids, and may also be applied for the in situ
treatment of groundwater.
IN SITU SOIL FLUSHING: large volumes of water, at times supplemented with
surfactants, cosolvents, or treatment compounds, are applied to the soil or injected into the
groundwater to raise the water table into the contaminated soil zone. Injected water and
treatment agents are isolated within the underlying aquifer and recovered together with flushed
contaminants.
PHYTOREMEDIATION is a process that uses plants (roots, shoots, tissues, and leaves)
to remove, transfer, stabilize, or destroy contaminants in soil, sediment, and groundwater.
Phytoremediation applies to all biological, chemical, and physical processes that are influenced
by plants and that aid in cleanup of the contaminated substances. Plants can be used in site
remediation, both through the mineralization of toxic organic compounds and through the
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accumulation and concentration of heavy metals and other inorganic compounds from soil into
aboveground shoots. Phytoremediation may be applied in situ or ex situ, to soils, sludges,
sediments, other solids, or groundwater.
DUAL-PHASE EXTRACTION, also known as multi-phase extraction, uses a vacuum
system to remove various combinations of contaminated groundwater, separate-phase petroleum
product, and vapors from the subsurface. The system lowers the water table around the well,
exposing more of the formation. Contaminants in the newly exposed unsaturated zone are then
accessible to soil vapor extraction. Once above ground, the extracted vapors or liquid-phase
organics and ground water are separated and treated.
SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION (S/S) reduces the mobility of hazardous
substances and contaminants in the environment through both physical and chemical means.
The S/S process physically binds or encloses contaminants within a stabilized mass. S/S is
performed both ex situ and in situ. Ex situ S/S requires excavation of the material to be treated,
and the resultant material must be disposed. In situ S/S uses auger/caisson systems and injector
head systems to add binders to the contaminated soil or waste without excavation, and the
resultant material is left in place.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION uses an organic solvent as an extractant to separate organic
and metal contaminants from soil. The organic solvent is mixed with contaminated soil in an
extraction unit. The extracted solution is then passed through a separator, where the
contaminants and extractant are separated from the soil. Organically bound metals may be
extracted along with the target organic contaminants.
IN SITU THERMAL DESORPTION: wastes are heated so that organic contaminants
and water volatilize. Typically, a carrier gas or vacuum system transports the volatilized water
and organics to a gas treatment system.
THERMALLY ENHANCED RECOVERY uses heat to increase the volatilization rate of
organics and facilitate extraction. Volatilized contaminants are typically removed from the
vadose zone using soil vapor extraction. Specific types of these thermally enhanced recovery
techniques include Contained Recovery of Oily Waste (CROW™), radio frequency heating,
conductive heating, steam heating, in situ steam stripping, hot air injection, dynamic
underground stripping, in situ thermal desorption, and electrical resistance heating. Thermally
enhanced recovery is usually applied to contaminated soil, but may also be applied to
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groundwater.
VITRIFICATION uses an electric current to melt contaminated soil at elevated
temperatures (1,600 to 2,000»C or 2,900 to 3,650»F). Upon cooling, the vitrification product is a
chemically stable, leach-resistant, glass and crystalline material similar to obsidian or basalt
rock. The high temperature component of the process destroys or removes organic materials.
Radionuclides and heavy metals are retained within the vitrified product. Vitrification may be
conducted in situ or ex situ.
TREATMENT BARRIERS, also known as permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) or passive
treatment walls, are installed across the flow path of a contaminated groundwater plume,
allowing the water portion of the plume to flow through the wall. These barriers allow the
passage of water while prohibiting the movement of contaminants by employing agents within
the wall such as zero-valent metals, chelators, sorbents, and microbes. The contaminants are
either degraded or retained in a concentrated form by the barrier material, which may need to be
replaced periodically.
Conventional Remediation Technologies
AIR SPARGING involves the injection of air or oxygen through a contaminated aquifer.
Injected air traverses horizontally and vertically in channels through the soil column, creating an
underground stripper that removes volatile and semivolatile organic contaminants by
volatilization. Soil Vapor Extraction is usually implemented in conjunction with air sparging to
remove the generated vapor-phase contamination from the unsaturated zone. Oxygen added to
the contaminated groundwater and vadose-zone soils also can enhance biodegradation of
contaminants below and above the water table.
EX SITU THERMAL DESORPTION: wastes are heated so that organic contaminants
and water volatilize. Typically, a carrier gas or vacuum system transports the volatilized water
and organics to a gas treatment system.
SOIL VAPOR EXTRACTION (SVE) is used to remediate the zone of soil which is
unsaturated with contaminated groundwater. A vacuum is applied to the soil to control the flow
of air and remove volatile and some semivolatile organic contaminants from the soil.
For SOIL WASHING, contaminants are absorbed onto fine soil particle surfaces are
separated from bulk soil in a water-based system on the basis of particle size. The wash water
may be augmented with a basic leaching agent, surfactant, or chelating agent or by adjustment of
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pH to help remove organics and heavy metals. Soils and wash water are mixed ex situ in a tank
or other treatment unit. The wash water and various soil fractions are usually separated using
gravity settling.
VERTICAL ENGINEERED BARRIERS (VEBs) are subsurface barriers made of an
impermeable material designed to contain or divert groundwater. VEBs can be used to contain
contaminated groundwater, divert uncontaminated groundwater from a contaminated area, or
divert contaminated groundwater from a drinking water intake or other protected resource.
INCINERATION involves the ex situ destruction of contaminated soil, sludge, and
sediment in high temperature (1,800 - 2,200°F) combustion devices. A typical hazardous waste
incinerator, diagrammed below, consists of a rotary kiln (primary combustion chamber), an
afterburner (secondary combustion chamber), connected to an air pollution control system, all of
which are controlled and monitored.
PUMP-AND-TREAT involves removal of contaminated groundwater is from the
subsurface treatment, and discharge or reinjection, is one of the most widely used ground-water
remediation technologies. The pump and treat remediation approach is used at about three-
quarters of the Superfund sites where ground water is contaminated and at most sites where
cleanup is required by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and state laws. It is often
associated with treatment technologies such as Air Stripping and Liquid -phase Granular
Activated Charcoal. Although the effectiveness of pump and treat systems has been called into
question after two decades of use, this approach remains a necessary component of most ground-
water remediation efforts and can be appropriate for both restoration and plume containment.
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&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
National Risk Management
Research Laboratory
Cincinnati, OH 45268
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August 2004
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