Complying with the Long Term
2 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule: Small Entity
Compliance Guide
One of the Simple Tools for
Effective Performance (STEP) Guide Series
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Office of Water (4606M)
EPA815-R-07-015
www.epa.gov/safewater
Revised April 2009
NOTICE
This guide was prepared pursuant to section 212 of the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996
("SBREFA"), Pub.L. 104-121. This document is intended solely as a guide to aid you in complying with the Long Term
2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (71 FR 654). In any civil or administrative action against a small business,
small government, or small non-profit organization for a violation of the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment
Rule, the content of this guide may be considered as evidence of the reasonableness or appropriateness of proposed fines,
penalties, and/or damages. EPA may decide to revise this guide without public notice to reflect changes to EPAs approach
to implementing the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule or to clarify or update text. To determine if
EPA has revised this guide and/or to obtain copies, contact EPAs Small Business Ombudsman Office at (800) 368-5888 or
(202) 566-2822 (Washington DC metropolitan calling area)or the Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water Safe Drink-
ing Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov).
The statutory provisions and EPA regulations presented in the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule con-
tain legally binding requirements. This document is not a regulation itself, nor does it change or substitute for those provi-
sions and regulations. It does not impose legally binding requirements on EPA, States or public water systems. While EPA
has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the discussion in this guidance, the obligations of the regulated community
are determined by States, regulations or other legally binding requirements. In the event of a conflict between the discus-
sion in this document and any statute or regulation, this would not be controlling.
The general descriptions provided here may not apply to particular situations based on circumstances. Interested parties
are free to raise questions and objections about the substance of this guidance and the appropriateness of the application of
this guidance to a particular situation. EPA and other decision-makers retain the discretion to adopt approaches on a case-
by-case basis that differ from those described in this guidance where appropriate.
on recycled paper
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Contents
STEP#1- Is this Guide for Me? 1
STEP #2- What Will I Learn? 2
STEP #3 - What Is the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule? 3
General Requirements 3
Compliance Timetable for Systems Serving Fewer than 10,000 People 5
How Does this Rule Relate to Other Federal, State, and Local Requirements? 6
STEP#4- What Source Water Monitoring Is Required? 7
E. coli (or State-approved alternate indicator) Source Water Monitoring for Filtered Systems 7
Is Source Water Monitoring Required for All Systems? 7
Systems with More than One Surface Water Supply Source 8
Problems Collecting Your Sample on the Required Date 8
Systems Using Bank Filtration 8
When Is Sampling for Cryptosporidium In Source Water Required? 9
STEP #5 - How Is Source Water Cryptosporidium Monitoring Conducted? 10
Cryptosporidium Monitoring for Unfiltered Systems and for Filtered Systems Exceeding E. coli
(or State-approved indicator) Trigger Levels 10
STEP #6 - What Do the Results of Cryptosporidium Monitoring Mean for My Plant? 11
What Do the Bin Classifications Mean for My Plant? 12
What Do the Results of Cryptosporidium Monitoring Mean for Unfiltered Systems? 12
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STEP #7 - How Do I Meet the Additional Treatment Requirements for My Bin Classification? 13
Microbial Toolbox: Options, Credits and Criteria 14
What Are the Compliance Monitoring Requirements for Treatment/Disinfection? 15
STEP #8 - What Are the Requirements for Uncovered Finished Water Storage Facilities? 16
STEP #9 - What Must I Report and What Records Must I Keep in My Files? 17
Public Notification to Consumers 17
Information Reported to the State 18
Records You Must Keep in Your Files 19
STEP #10- Where Do I Go for Help? 20
Financial Assistance 21
Maj or Providers of Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems 21
Other Potential Sources of Financing or Financial Assistance to Drinking Water Systems 22
Extensions for Systems that Need More Time to Comply 22
STEP #11 - How Do I Protect My Source Water from Contamination? 23
Appendix A: Glossary of Selected Terms Used in this Guide 24
Appendix B: E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean 25
Example for E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean for a Lake/Reservoir Source (See LT2ESWTR
Step Guide Step #4) 25
in
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C: Sampling Bin Placement 26
Example System Source Sampling and Bin Placement 26
First Valley Water District E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean (See LT2ESWTR Step
Guide Step #4) 28
First Valley Water District Cryptosporidium Sampling and Annual Mean (See LT2ESWTR Step
Guide Step #5) 29
D: Where to 30
E: SDWA Primacy Agencies and Tribal 32
F: Other STEP Documents Available EPA 39
Additional copies of this guide are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791.
You can also download the guide from EPA's Safe Drinking Water Web site at
www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/ssinfo.htm.
IV
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Acronyms
DBF
DWSRF
EPA
FR
GWUDI
LT1ESWTR
LT2ESWTR
mg/L
PWS
SBREFA
SDWA
SWTR
Disinfection Byproducts
Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Register
Ground water under the direct influence of surface water
Long Term 1 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
Milligrams per liter
Public water system
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act
Safe Drinking Water Act
Surface Water Treatment Rule
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STEP #1 - Is this Guide for Me?
This guide is designed for owners and operators of public water systems serving 10,000 or fewer persons that are required to comply with the
Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (LT2ESWTR). The LT2ESWTR applies to all public water systems (both community
and non-community) that are supplied by a surface water source or by ground water sources under the direct influence of surface water (Sub-
part H systems), including wholesale and consecutive water systems. Consecutive systems include all systems that buy or otherwise receive
some or all of their finished water from another public water system on a regular basis.
Systems: All PWSs, including wholesale systems and consecutive systems
Sources: Surface water and ground water under the direct influence of surface water
Population Served: All sizes
Treatment: All treatment including unfiltered systems
Systems that will typically find this guide useful include:
Small towns
Rural water districts
Tribal systems
Manufactured housing parks
Home owners associations
Small private systems
Factories, schools, and reli-
gious institutions that have
their own water supplies
Contact your State for guidance if you are uncertain if your source is ground
water under the direct influence of surface water.
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STEP #2 - What Will I Learn?
As a public water system's owner or operator, your most important job is protecting the health of your
customers. This guide will help you in this job by providing information about:
How the LT2ESWTR affects your system.
What source water monitoring is required under the LT2ESWTR and
how it is conducted.
What the results of source water monitoring mean for your plant.
A "toolbox" of treatment options to reduce Cryptosporidium in the
water you deliver to customers.
Requirements for uncovered finished water reservoirs under the
LT2ESTWR.
What to report to your State or EPA and customers.
Sources of funding for your LT2ESWTR compliance strategy.
Appendix A contains a glossary of terms used both in the rule and in this guide. Ap-
pendix D lists additional resources on the LT2ESWTR that you might find helpful
and detailed instructions on how to order them, including how to get a complete
copy of the rule. Appendix E lists primacy agency contacts for States and Tribes.
Appendix F identifies other STEP guides that EPA has developed to assist small
systems.
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STEP# 3 - What Is the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water
Treatment Rule?
The purpose of the LT2ESWTR is to reduce illness linked with the contaminant Cryptosporidium and other microbial pathogens in drinking
water. The LT2ESWTR will supplement existing regulations for surface water systems by targeting additional Cryptosporidium treatment
requirements for systems with higher risk sources. It is important to note that the LT2ESWTR does not require additional Cryptosporidium
treatment for all PWSs. Additional treatment is required only for those with higher risk sources found during LT2ESWTR monitoring. The
LT2ESWTR also contains provisions to reduce risks resulting from uncovered finished water reservoirs and to ensure that systems maintain
microbial protection as they take steps to decrease the formation of disinfection byproducts that result from chemical water treatment.
General Requirements
Complying with the LT2ESWTR, Published on January 5, 2006 [FR Volume 71, No. 3; page 767], requires systems to do the following:
Collect source water samples and have those samples analyzed for E. coli or a State-approved alternate indicator.
Collect source water samples and have those samples analyzed for Cryptosporidium if your source water E. coli (or alternate indicator)
results exceed trigger levels or if you are an unfiltered utility and meet the filtration avoidance criteria.
Provide additional treatment for Cryptosporidium if your source water Cryptosporidium results exceed certain levels or if you are an un-
filtered utility and meet the filtration avoidance criteria.
Use one of the options from the LT2ESWTR "Toolbox" to meet any additional Cryptosporidium treatment requirements.
Meet new requirements to protect uncovered finished water storage reservoirs.
Develop a disinfection profile and a disinfection benchmark and notify the State prior to making a significant change in disinfection
practice(s).
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Keep records for some of the requirements listed above.
Report source water E. coli and Cryptosporidium results, the use of uncovered finished water reservoirs, information on the toolbox
options used (if any), and disinfection and benchmarking results (if any) to the primacy agency for your system.
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'or
^ KUJlii IV
LT2ESWTR Requirement
Filtered systems must complete 12 months (at least once every two weeks) of source water monitoring
forE.Coli (or a State-approved alternate indicator).
Filtered systems exceeding E. Coli (or a State- approved alternate indicator) triggers must conduct
source water monitoring for Cryptosporidium at least twice per month for 12 months or at least once per
month for 24 months.
Unfiltered systems must conduct source water monitoring for Cryptosporidium at least twice per month
for 12 months or at least once per month for 24 months.
Filtered systems in Bin 2 and higher and all unfiltered systems must meet the treatment technique re-
quirements for Cryptosporidium.
Systems must comply with the uncovered finished water storage facility requirements.
Systems that plan to make a significant change in their disinfection practice after completing source
water monitoring must develop a disinfection profile and calculate a disinfection benchmark. Systems
must notify the State prior to making the change and provide the profile and benchmark and additional
information to the State.
Systems not required to monitor for Cryptosporidium must begin a second round of source water moni-
toring forE.Coli (or a State-approved alternate indicator).
Unfiltered systems and systems required to monitor for Cryptosporidium must begin a second round of
source water monitoring for Cryptosporidium.
Compliance Date
Begin in October, 2008 (§141.701(a)(3)).
Begin in April, 2010 (§141.701(a)(4)).
Begin in April, 2010 (§141.701(a)(6)).
No later than October 1, 2014 (§141.713).
No later than April 1, 2009 (§ 141.714(c))
Systems must notify the State of the use of uncovered fin-
ished water storage facilities by April 1, 2008 (§141.714(b)).
Prior to any significant change occurring after completing
LT2ESWTR source water monitoring (§141.708).
Begin in October, 2017 (§141.701).
Begin in April, 2019 (§141.701).
Systems that do not operate their plants year-round must sample only during the months that the plant operates. Systems that operate less than six months per year that monitor for Crypto-
sporidium, must collect at least six sample per year during each of two years of operation. Samples must be evenly spaced through the period the plant operates (§141.701).
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Wholesale systems must comply with the LT2ESTWR based on the population of the largest system
in the combined distribution system. If you deliver water to another PWS serving more than 10,000
people, you must comply with the LT2ESWTR based on the requirements for systems serving more than
10,000 people. This will require you to begin complying earlier than the deadlines in this guide and
will require you to conduct Cryptosporidium monitoring.
( »-li«*f ! Mate,
The LT2ESWTR and the Stage 2 Disinfection By-products (DBF) Rule were published together to address the tradeoffs between protection
from microbial contamination and the potential health effects from disinfectants and their byproducts. You are still required to continue to
meet all existing Federal requirements. You may call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (email: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov) for
more information on other drinking water rules.
This compliance guide explains your Federal compliance obligations for the LT2ESTWTR. There may be additional State or local drinking
water regulations for Cryptosporidium which apply to your plant which are different from, or more stringent than, the Federal requirements.
For more information on the regulations that apply to your system in your State, please contact your State drinking water office. State con-
tacts can be found in Appendix E or by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov).
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STEP #4 - What Source Water Monitoring Is Required?
E. coli (or State-approved alternate indicator) Source Water Monitoring for Filtered Systems
Submit a sampling schedule and a sample location description for source water monitoring to your State by July 1, 2008 (§141.702).
Collect source water samples for E. coli (or a State-approved alternate indicator) at least every two weeks for 12 months beginning no
later than October 2008 (§141.701 (c)).
Collect source water samples from your plant intake prior to any chemical treatment and within two days of the dates in your sampling
schedule (§ 141.702(b), §141.703).
Submit a sampling schedule for a second round of source water monitoring to your State by July 1, 2017 (§141.702).
Collect source water samples for E. coli (or a State-approved alternate indicator) at least every two weeks for 12 months beginning no
later than October 2017 (§141.701 (c)).
Submit the results of E. coli monitoring no later than 10 days after the end of the first month following the month of the sampling
,th
(§141.706 (a)). The results of a sample collected in April would be due June 10 .
Is Source Water Monitoring Required for All Systems?
If you are required to provide filtration and your treatment system currently provides or will provide a total of at least 5.5-log treatment for
Cryptosporidium, you are not required to conduct source water monitoring. You must notify your State by July 1, 2008 (§141.701 (d)). You
may also stop monitoring for Cryptosporidium at any time if you notify the State in writing that you will provide this level of treatment. The
treatment must be operational by October 1, 2014, unless the State approves an additional 2 years for capital improvements (§141.701 (d)).
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Systems with More than One Surface Water Supply Source
If you have more than one surface water supply, you must do one of the following (§141.703(e)):
Collect sample from a tap where all sources are combined.
Composite samples from all sources. In a composite sample the volume of sample from each source must be weighted according to the
proportion of each source in the total plant flow at the time of the sample. You should contact your State and laboratory for assistance.
Collect and analyze a sample separately from each source and calculate a weighted average of all the results for the sampling date. You
should contact your State and laboratory for assistance.
Problems Collecting Your Sample on the Required Date
If there are conditions that pose a danger to someone collecting samples or conditions that are unforseen and could not be avoided that pre-
vent a sample from being collected, you must collect a sample as close to the schedule date as possible and submit an explanation for the new
sampling date with the laboratory results from that sample (§141.702(b)(l)).
Systems Using Bank Filtration
If you are using bank filtration followed by a filtration plant, you are required to collect samples from the well (after bank filtration)
(§141.703(d)(2)).
If you are receiving Cryptosporidium treatment credit under §141.552(a) of the LT1ESWTR for bank filtration, you are required to collect
source water samples in the surface water before bank filtration (§141.703(d)(l)).
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When Is Sampling for Cryptosporidium In Source Water
Required?
You are required to sample for Cryptosporidium if:
You notify the State that you will monitor for Cryptosporidium instead of E. coll.
You use a lake or reservoir as a source of supply and find an annual mean E. coli
concentration of greater than 10 E. coli/100 ml from your initial monitoring unless the
State has allowed you to use an alternate indicator (§141.701(a)(4)).
You use a flowing stream as a source of supply and find an annual mean E. coli con-
centration of greater than 50 E. coli/100 ml from your initial monitoring unless the
State has allowed you to use an alternate indicator (§141.701(a)(4)).
You exceed a State-approved alternate indicator trigger level (or a State-approved
alternate E. coli trigger level) (§141.701(a)(5)).
You fail to complete the initial E. coli (or State-approved alternate indicator) monitor-
ing (§141.701(a)(4)).
If you are an unfiltered system that meets the filtration avoidance criteria of §141.71,
you are required to conduct Cryptosporidium monitoring. Go to Step #5. Unfiltered systems meeting the filtration avoidance criteria are not
required to conduct E. coli (or State-approved alternate indicator) monitoring.
If your average E. coli level (or State-approved indicator level)
is below the trigger levels, STOP HERE and go to Step #8.
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STEP #5 - How Is Source Water Cryptosporidium Monitoring
Conducted?
Cryptosporidium Monitoring for Unfiltered Systems and for Filtered Systems Exceeding
E. coli (or State-approved indicator) Trigger Levels
If you are required to monitor for Cryptosporidium you must:
Submit a sampling schedule and sample location description for source water moni-
toring to your State by January 1, 2010 (§141.702 (a)).
Collect source water samples for Cryptosporidium at least twice each month for
12 months or at least monthly for 24 months beginning no later than April 2010
(§141.701 (c)).
Collect source water samples from your plant intake prior to any treatment and
within 2 days of the dates in your sampling schedule (§141.702(b), §141.703).
Submit a sampling schedule for a second round of source water monitoring to your
State by January 1, 2019 (§141.702 (a)).
Collect source water samples for Cryptosporidium at least twice each month for 12
months beginning no later than April 2019 (§141.701 (c)).
You should contact one of the approved Cryptosporidium laboratories to arrange for analysis of
your samples and to set a sampling schedule. You may contact the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at
(800) 426-4791 for a list of approved laboratories. A list can also be found at www.epa.gov/safe-
water/disinfection/lt2/lab_home.html#listapprovedlabs
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STEP #6 - What Do the Results of Cryptosporidium
Monitoring Mean for My Plant?
If you are required to monitor for Cryptosporidium, the results of monitoring are used to place your system in a bin and to determine the level
of treatment required. The bin classifications are:
If your average source water Cryptosporidium concentration is:1
Then your bin classification is:
Less than 0.075 oocysts/L
Bin 1
Equal to or more than 0.075 oocysts/L but less than 1.0 oocysts/L
Bin 2
Equal to or more than 1.0 oocysts/L but less than 3.0 oocysts/L
Bin 3
Equal to or more than 3.0 oocysts/L
Bin 4
1Cryptosporidium bin concentration is determined by the number of samples taken and the frequency of sampling.
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Do the Bin for Mv
If your system's bin
classification is...
Bml
Bin 2
Bin 3
Bin 4
And you use one the following filtration treatments, then your additional treatment requirements under
LT2ESWTR are...
Conventional filtration treatment
(including softening)
No additional treatment
1 -log treatment
2-log treatment
2. 5-log treatment
Direct filtration
No additional treatment
1. 5-log treatment
2. 5-log treatment
3 -log treatment
Slow sand or diatoma-
ceous earth filtration
No additional treatment
1 -log treatment
2-log treatment
2. 5-log treatment
Alternative filtration
technologies
No additional treatment
(1)
(2)
(3)
(1) As determined by the State such that the total Cryptosporidium removal and inactivation is at least 4.0-log.
(2) As determined by the State such that the total Cryptosporidium removal and inactivation is at least 5.0-log.
(3) As determined by the State such that the total Cryptosporidium removal and inactivation is at least 5.5-log.
Do the of for
An unfiltered system that meets all filtration avoidance criteria of §141.71 must calculate the arithmetic mean of all Cryptosporidium sample
results. Based on those results:
Unfiltered systems with a mean Cryptosporidium concentration of 0.01 oocysts/L or less must provide at least 2-log Cryptosporidium
inactivation (§141.712(b)(l)).
Unfiltered systems with a mean Cryptosporidium concentration of greater than 0.01 oocysts/L must provide at least 3-log Cryptosporidi-
um inactivation (§141.712(b)(2)).
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STEP #7 - How Do I Meet the Additional Treatment Require-
ments for My Bin Classification?
To meet any additional Cryptosporidium treatment requirements you must use the microbial toolbox options listed in the following table
that are designed, implemented, and operated in accordance with the requirements of the LT2ESTWR (§141.715). The LT2ESWTR Toolbox
Guidance Manual (see Appendix D of this guide for more information) includes a detailed description of the Toolbox options as well as opera-
tional information, advantages, and disadvantages for each option.
Unfiltered systems must use chlorine dioxide, ozone, UV, or a combination of these (see Inactivation Toolbox Components in the follow-
ing table) to meet the Cryptosporidium inactivation requirements. Unfiltered systems must meet the combined Cryptosporidium inactivation
requirements of the LT2ESWTR section and Giardia lamblia and virus inactivation requirements of §141.72(a) (SWTR) using a minimum of
two disinfectants, and each of the two disinfectants must separately achieve the total inactivation required for either Cryptosporidium, Giardia
lamblia, or viruses (§141.712).
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.. -dits
c
Toolbox Option
(1) Watershed control program
(2) Alternative source/intake management
(3) Presedimentation basin with coagulation
(4) Two-stage lime softening
(5) Bank filtration
(6) Combined filter performance
(7) Individual filter performance
(8) Demonstration of performance
(9) Bag or Cartridge filters (individual filters)
(10) Bag or Cartridge filters (in series)
(11) Membrane filtration
(12) Second stage filtration
(13) Slow sand filters
(14) Chlorine dioxide
(15) Ozone
(16) UV
Cryptosporidium treatment credit with design and implementation criteria
Source Protection and Management Toolbox Components
0.5-log credit for State-approved program comprising EPA specified elements. Unfiltered systems are not eligible.
Bin classification based on simultaneous Cryptosporidium monitoring at alternate source or under alternate intake
management strategies.
Pre Filtration Toolbox Components
0.5-log credit during any month the basin achieves at least 0.5-log turbidity reduction or alternate State-approved
performance criteria. Basin must be operated continuously with coagulant addition.
0.5-log credit for two-stage softening with coagulant addition.
0.5-log credit for 25 foot setback; 1.0-log credit for 50 foot setback.
Treatment Performance Toolbox Components
0.5-log credit for combined filter effluent turbidity < 0. 15 NTU in 95% of samples each month.
0.5-log credit (in addition to 0.5-log combined filter performance credit) for individual filter effluent turbidity < 0. 15
NTU in 95% of samples each month and no filter >0.3 NTU in two consecutive measurements.
Credit awarded to a unit process or treatment train based on a demonstration to the State through State-approved
protocol.
Additional Filtration Toolbox Components
Up to 2-log credit based on a demonstration of removal efficiency in challenge testing with a 1-log factor of safety.
Up to 2.5-log credit based on a demonstration of removal efficiency in challenge testing with a 0.5-log factor of
safety.
Log removal credit up to the lower value of the removal efficiency demonstrated during the challenge test or verified
by the direct integrity test applied to the system.
0.5-log credit for a second separate filtration stage in treatment process following coagulation.
2.5-log credit for second separate filtration process.
Inactivation Toolbox Components
Log credit based on monthly demonstration of compliance with CT table.
Log credit based on monthly demonstration of compliance with CT table.
Log credit based on validated UV dose in relation to UV dose table; reactor validation testing required to establish
UV dose and associated operating conditions.
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What Are the Compliance Monitoring Requirements for Treatment/Disinfection?
If you are required to meet the requirements for treatment for Cryptosporidium, you must meet the compliance monitoring requirements for
each toolbox option you use. The compliance monitoring requirements for the individual toolbox options can be found in §141.716 through
§141.720 of the LT2ESWTR. The individual toolbox compliance monitoring requirements can also be found in the LT2ESWTR Toolbox
Guidance Manual. You may call the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov) to request a copy of the
regulation. You may also download a copy of the regulation or the guidance manual at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/index.html.
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STEP #8 - What Are the Requirements for Uncovered Finished
Water Storage Facilities?
If you are using an uncovered finished water storage facility you must choose one of the following for the facility (§141.714):
Cover any uncovered finished water storage facility.
Treat the discharge from the uncovered finished water storage facility to the distribution system to achieve inactivation and/or removal of
at least 4-1 og virus, 3-log Giardia lamblia, and 2-log Cryptosporidium using a protocol approved by the State.
You must also:
Notify the State of each uncovered finished water reservoir by April 1, 2008 (§141.714).
Cover or treat the discharge from the reservoir or be in compliance with a State-approved schedule by April 1, 2009 (§141.714).
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STEP #9 - What Must I Report and What Records Must I Keep in
My Files?
The existing public notification rules (Subpart Q) require you to report certain information to the consumers served by your water system.
The LT2ESWTR requires you to report certain information to the State (§141.721) and to keep additional records in your files (§141.722).
Public Notification to Consumers
Under the public notification rules (Subpart Q) you are required to provide public notification to consumers if you fail to complete the follow-
ing requirements of the LT2ESWTR:
Monitor your source water for E. coli, a State-approved alternate indicator, and (if you are required to do so) Cryptosporidium.
Meet the treatment technique requirements of your bin classification.
Meet the design, performance, and reporting requirements for the toolbox options you use to meet the treatment technique requirements.
You are required to include the results of source water monitoring for Cryptosporidium
in your Consumer Confidence Report.
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1 I
.' nn kv to the
In addition to the reporting requirements for all drinking water regulations (see 40 CFR §141.31), you must provide the following information
to the State:
You must submit your source water monitoring schedule and sample location description unless you do not plan to monitor and will in-
stead meet the Cryptosporidium treatment requirements for your source (§141.702).
You must submit your source water monitoring results to the State no later than 10 days after the end of the first month following the
month when the sample was collected (§141.706 (a)). For example, samples collected in October 2008 must be reported by December 10,
2008.
You must notify the State if you are using an uncovered finished water storage reservoir by April 1, 2008 (§141.714 (b)).
If you are required to filter your source, you must report your bin classification to the State for approval no later than 6 months after you
are required to complete initial source water monitoring (§141.710). If you monitored for E. coli and were not required to monitor for
Cryptosporidium., your bin classification is Bin #1.
If you are an unfiltered utility and meet the filtration avoidance criteria, you must report your mean source water Cryptosporidium concen-
tration as well as a summary of source water monitoring used to calculate the mean to the State no later than September 30, 2012, for the
first round of source water monitoring and September 30, 2021, for the second round of source water monitoring (§141.712).
If you are required to meet the requirements for treatment for Cryptosporidium, you must meet the reporting requirements for each tool-
box option you use. The reporting requirements for the individual toolbox options can be found in §141.721(f) of the LT2ESWTR. The
individual toolbox reporting requirements can also be found in the LT2ESWTR Toolbox Guidance Manual. You may call the Safe Drink-
ing Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov) to request a copy of the regulation.
If you plan to make a significant change in your disinfection practice(s) after completing source water monitoring, you must develop a
disinfection profile and calculate a disinfection benchmark. You must notify the State prior to making the change and provide the profile
and benchmark and additional information to the State. The disinfection profiling and benchmark requirements can be found in §141.708
and §141.709 of theLT2ESWTR.
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Records You Must Keep in Your Files
In addition to the record keeping requirements for all drinking water requirements (see 40 CFR §141.33), you must maintain the following
information in your records (§141.722):
Records of all source water monitoring until 3 years after bin classification determination for filtered systems or determination of the
mean Cryptosporidium level for unfiltered systems for the particular round of monitoring.
A record of notifying the State that you will not be conducting source water monitoring and that you will instead meet the Cryptosporidi-
um treatment requirements for your source for 3 years.
Records of treatment monitoring for the toolbox options and for any monitoring required for treatment for uncovered finished water res-
ervoirs for 3 years.
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STEP #10 - Where Do I Go for Help?
There are many sources of information available to help you meet the requirements in this rule.
You can review EPA's guidance manuals (see Appendix D), contact EPAs regional drinking water offices, or EPA's Safe Drinking Water
Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov).
You can contact your State drinking water agency.
You can contact your State chapters of organizations such as the Na-
tional Rural Water Association and the American Water Works Asso-
ciation which often offer technical assistance to small facilities.
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ial
Modifying or installing treatment, consolidating with another water system, and developing a new water source can be expensive. System
improvements can be funded by raising rates, issuing bonds, or by successfully applying for loans or grants. The tables below provide infor-
mation on some programs that may provide financial assistance to help you comply with the LT2ESWTR.
of in in I
e to Of inkin
Name of Program
Description
Contact Information
Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund (DWSRF)
The DWSRF makes low-interest and interest-free loans to water
systems to finance infrastructure improvements. States can "set aside"
funds from their annual EPA grant to provide technical assistance to
small systems.
www.epa.gov/safewater/dwsrf/
Safe Drinking Water Hotline at
(800)426-4791
Rural Utilities Service (RUS)
Water and Waste Disposal Loan
and Grant Program
This program offers loans and grants to rural areas to develop wa-
ter and waste-disposal systems and to reduce the user costs of these
systems.
www.usda.gov/rus/water/
(202) 720-9540
State-specific Programs
Your State may offer additional funding programs.
See Appendix E
Tribal-specific Programs
EPA makes direct grants (not loans) to Tribes through the DWSRF
Tribal Set-Aside Program for improvements to water systems that
serve Tribes. States and the Indian Health Service may provide ad-
ditional financial assistance.
See Appendix E
21
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oiTinancing or 1o Drinking
Name of Program
Description
Contact Information
Community Development Block
Grants (CDBG)
This program offers grants to disadvantaged cities, urban
counties, and States to develop viable urban communities.
www. hud. gov/grants/index. cfm
(for specific State contact information)
(202)708-1112
Public Works and Infrastructure
Development Grants
These grants help distressed communities overcome barri-
ers that inhibit the growth of their local economies.
www. eda. gov/Ab outED A/Program s. xml
(202)482-5081
National Bank for Cooperatives
Loan Program (CoBank)
CoBank provides loans to larger, creditworthy, and rural
utilities.
www.cobank.com
(800) 542-8072
Rural Community Assistance Cor-
poration (RCAC)
RCAC provides loans to rural utilities in 11 western States
to help meet the financing needs of rural communities and
disadvantaged populations.
www.rcap.org/
(916)447-2854
for Time to
States may grant up to an additional 24 months for compliance with the treatment technique requirements of the LT2ESWTR, which are met
with the "toolbox" in Step #7, to systems that require capital improvements to meet the treatment technique requirements.
22
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STEP #11 - How Do I Protect My Source Water from Contami-
nation?
If the State has completed a Source Water Assessment for your source, it has identified potential contamination activities in the watershed for
your source and/or near your intake. You may wish to review the assessment and discuss it with your State to determine what actions you can
take to better protect your source water. Even if you do not control all the area surrounding your source water, you may be able to take some
steps to protect it.
You can prevent fecal contamination from threatening your drinking water source by controlling or eliminating fecal sources in the watershed
for your source and by protecting the watershed and your intake from fecal contamination. EPA's Source Water Assessment and Protection
Program (SWAPP) encourage pollution prevention by requiring States to assess sources of public drinking water. To find out more about these
programs and the tools that have been developed which may help you protect your source water, contact your State SWAPP or EPA's Safe
Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 (e-mail: hotline-sdwa@epa.gov). Information is also available atwww.epa.gov/safewater/protect.
html.
^^
*
23
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Appendix A: Glossary of Selected Terms Used in this Guide
Combined distribution system - The interconnected distribution system consisting of the distribution systems of wholesale systems and of
the consecutive systems that receive finished water from those wholesale systems.
Community water system - A public water system which serves at least 15 service connections used by year-round residents or regularly
serves at least 25 year round residents.
Consecutive systems - Include all systems that buy or otherwise receive some or all of their finished water from another public water system
on a regular basis.
CT - For a chemical disinfectant (chlorine, chloramine, ozone) the result of multiplying the disinfectant residual concentration, C, by the con-
tact time, T, in the water system from the point where the disinfectant is applied to the point where the residual is measured.
Non-community water system - A public water system that is not a community water system.
Primacy agency - The agency with primary enforcement authority for the Safe Drinking Water Act. The primacy agency is referred to as the
State in this document but this also refers to EPA and any Tribal government responsible for implementing and enforcing the SDWA.
Sanitary survey - An on site review of the water source (identifying sources of contamination by using results of source water assessments
or other relevant information, where available), facilities, equipment, operation, maintenance, and monitoring compliance of a public water
system to evaluate the adequacy of the system, its sources and operations, and the distribution of safe drinking water.
Subpart H system - A public water system serving surface water or ground water under the influence of surface water. These systems are
subject to the filtration and disinfection requirements of 40 CFR Subpart H.
UV disinfection - A disinfection process exposing the water supply to ultraviolet light (irradiation) to provide pathogen inactivation.
Wholesale system - A public water system that treats source water as necessary and then delivers finished water to another public water sys-
tem. Delivery may be through a direct connection or through the distribution system of another consecutive system.
24
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~f
Example for E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean for a Lake/Reservoir Source (See LT2ESWTR Step Guide Step #4)
Step #1 - The results of all the samples for 12 months (one sample at least every two weeks) are added together.
Step #2 - The sum of all the samples is divided by the total number of samples to determine the annual mean.
Sample
October 1, 2008
October 15, 2008
October 29, 2008
November 12, 2008
November 26, 2008
December 10, 2008
December 24, 2008
January 7, 2009
January 2 1,2009
February 4, 2009
E. coli Result
(E. co/i/lOOmL)
2
3
2
4
2
7
6
10
12
12
Sample
February 18,2009
March 4, 2009
March 18, 2009
April 1, 2009
April 15, 2009
April 29, 2009
May 13, 2009
May 27, 2009
June 3, 2009
June 17, 2009
E. coli Result
(E. co/i/lOOmL)
14
10
2
4
6
2
2
4
10
10
Sample
July 1, 2009
July 15, 2009
July 29, 2009
August 12, 2009
August 26, 2009
September 9, 2009
September 23, 2009
~
~
~
E. coli Result
(E. co/i/lOOmL)
2
4
4
2
2
2
4
~
~
~
Total for 27 Samples: 144
Annual Mean (Total for 27 Samples / 27): 144/27=5.3
25
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C:
Example System Source Sampling and Bin Placement
* ₯*% 1
in i'I'll 1-^111 fp nut"
'111 I JkiLvllICill
The First Valley Water District serves 1,500 homes from its surface water treatment plant.
The surface water treatment plant treats water from First Valley Creek.
The First Valley water treatment is a conventional surface water treatment plant that consists
of flocculation/sedimentation basins, sand filters, and a treated water tank for final disinfec-
tion. There is an upflow clarifier that is used seasonally when storms result in high raw water
turbidity in First Valley Creek.
Since First Valley Water District serves less than 10,000 persons, the LT2ESWTR requires
First Valley to sample the source water for E. coli at least once every two weeks for 12
months. Monitoring must begin no later than October 2008. First Valley Water District is
required to submit a sampling schedule to the State for approval no later than 3 months before
it is required to begin sampling for El. coli.
The results of sampling for E. coli are shown on Sheet 1. First Valley Water District reports
the results of the E. coli monitoring to the State. Since First Valley Creek is a flowing stream
and the annual mean E. coli concentration is greater than 50 E. coli/'100 mL, First Valley
Water District is now required to sample the source water for Cryptosporidium at least twice a
month for 12 months.
First Valley is required to submit a sampling schedule for Cryptosporidium to the State for ap-
proval by January 1, 2010. The results of sampling for Cryptosporidium are shown on Sheet
2. Since the mean Cryptosporidium concentration for the 12 months of sampling is greater than 0.075 oocysts/L but less than 1.0 oocysts/L,
the bin classification for First Valley is Bin 2. First Valley uses conventional filtration treatment so the Bin 2 classification now requires First
Valley to provide at least 1-log additional treatment for Cryptosporidium (see Steps 6 and 7).
First Valley is required to provide at least 1-log additional Cryptosporidium treatment by October 1, 2014. To meet this requirement, First
26
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Valley will choose from the LT2ESWTR Microbial Toolbox Options (see Step #7). First Valley may choose any Toolbox option or combina-
tion of Toolbox options to meet its Cryptosporidium treatment options. More information on the Microbial Toolbox Options can be found in
the Microbial Toolbox Guidance Manual. Some (but not all) of the Toolbox options First Valley could consider to meet its Cryptosporidium
treatment requirements include:
Using the upflow clarifier full time as a pre-sedimentation basin. Pre-sedimentation basins are eligible for a 0.5-log Cryptosporidium
credit if a coagulant is added continuously and certain performance conditions are met (see Step #7).
Optimizing the filtration process to meet the conditions for the Combined Filter Performance 0.5-log Cryptosporidium credit.
Adding a second filtration step after the existing filters. Second stage granular media filters are eligible for a 0.5-log Cryptosporidium
treatments credit and second stage slow sand filters are eligible for a 2.5-log Cryptosporidium credit. Cryptosporidium treatment credits
for bag, cartridge, and membrane filters are based on a demonstration.
27
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Sheet #1: First Valley Water District E. coli Sampling and Annual Mean (See L T2ESWTR Step Guide Step #4).
Step 1 - The results of all the samples for 12 months (at least every two weeks) are added together.
Step 2 - The sum of all the samples is divided by the total number of samples to determine the annual mean.
Sample
October 1, 2008
October 15, 2008
October 29, 2008
November 12, 2008
November 26, 2008
December 10, 2008
December 24, 2008
January 7, 2009
January 2 1,2009
February 4, 2009
E. coli Result
(E. co/i/lOOmL)
83
20
120
56
70
150
130
43
60
60
Sample
February 18, 2009
March 4, 2009
March 18, 2009
April 1, 2009
April 15, 2009
April 29, 2009
May 13, 2009
May 27, 2009
June 3, 2009
June 17, 2009
E. coli Result
(E. co/i/lOOmL)
73
60
46
20
100
100
170
260
80
100
Sample
July 1, 2009
July 15, 2009
July 29, 2009
August 12, 2009
August 26, 2009
September 9, 2009
September 23, 2009
~
~
~
E. coli Result
(E. c0///100mL)
30
200
80
200
140
126
120
~
~
~
Total for 27 Samples: 2697
Annual Mean (Total for 27 Samples / 27): 2697/27=99.9
28
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Sheet #2: First Valley Water District Crypto sporidium Sampling and Annual Mean (See LT2ESWTR Step Guide Step #5).
Step 1 - The results of all the samples for 12 months (2 samples each month) are added together.
Step 2 - The sum of all 24 samples is divided by 24 to get the annual mean.
Sample
April 5, 20 10
April 19,2010
May 3, 2010
May 17,2010
June?, 2010
June 27, 2010
JulyS, 2010
July 19, 2010
Sample Result
(oocysts/L)
0
0
2
0
2
2
4
0
Sample
August 2, 2010
August 16, 2010
September 6, 2010
September 20, 2010
October 4, 2010
October 18, 2010
Novembers, 2010
November 22, 2010
Sample Result
(oocysts/L)
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
Sample
December 6, 2010
December 20, 2010
January 3, 2011
January 17,2011
February 7, 2011
February 2 1,20 11
March 7, 2011
March 21, 2011
Sample Result
(oocysts/L)
0
2
0
0
3
2
2
0
Total for 24 Samples: 23
Annual Mean (Total for 24 Samples / 24): 23/24 = 0.96
29
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Appendix D: Where to Obtain More Information
EPA has developed a series of guidance manuals to support the LT2ESWTR. The manuals will aid EPA, State agencies, and you in imple-
menting the rule and will help to ensure consistent implementation.
Consider the Source: A Pocket Guide to Protecting Your Source: Drinking Water Pocket Guide #3. For States, public water systems,
local governments, and consumers. This guide includes a discussion of Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act based regulatory and
voluntary resources, tools, and management measures available for protecting drinking water sources. The Guide also includes available Best
Management Practices for source water protection areas. An electronic version is available at www.epa.gov/safewater/sourcewater/pubs/swp-
pocket.pdf
Simultaneous Compliance Guidance Manual for the Long Term 2 and Stage 2 DBP Rules (EPA 817-R-07-017). For primacy agencies
and public water systems. This guidance manual for PWSs affected by the rule describes potential conflicts that may arise as systems take
steps to comply with the LT2ESWTR and the Stage 2 DBPR and provides examples of approaches systems can take to resolve those conflicts.
The manuals offers tools that can be used to determine if treatment changes may result in simultaneous compliance problems and provides
information on helpful resources. An electronic version is available at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/compliance.html.
Uncovered Finished Water Reservoirs Guidance Manual (EPA 815-R-99-011). For primacy agencies and public water systems. The
purpose of this document is to provide a basic understanding of the potential sources of external contamination in uncovered finished water
reservoirs and to provide guidance to water treatment operators for evaluating and maintaining water quality in these reservoirs. An electronic
version is available atwww.epa.gov/ogwdw/mdbp/pdf/uncover/ufw8p.pdf.
Public Notification Handbook (EPA 816-R-00-010). For public water systems required to provide public notification. This handbook pro-
vides instructions and includes templates that public water systems can use for various types of public notification. An electronic version is
available at www.epa.gov/safewater/pws/pn/handbook.pdf.
Surface Water Treatment Rule Guidance Manual. For primacy agencies and public water systems. This manual provides guidance on
the applicability and regulatory requirements of the Surface Water Treatment Rule including the filtration and disinfection requirements for
systems supplying surface water. The Appendices provide the basis for CT values and include guidance for determining disinfection contact,
measuring disinfectant residual and means for providing redundant disinfection capability. The Appendices also include CT tables for the
inactivation ofGiardia and viruses for chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone.
30
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Pocket Sampling Guide for Operators of Small Water Systems (EPA 814-B-92-001). For operators of small Community Water Systems
(Serving Fewer Than 3,300 People). This concise, conveniently sized guide helps operators easily learn how to comply with the monitoring
requirements of the 1986 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. It covers most sampling requirements for regulations promulgated under the
1986 Amendments, including the Volatile Organic Chemicals Rule, the Total Coliforms Rule, the Surface Water Treatment Rule, and Lead
And Copper Regulation. Ordering instruction are available at http://yosemite.epa.gov/water/owrccatalog.nsf/.
Source Water Monitoring Guidance for Public Water Systems for the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule (EPA
815-R-06-005). For primacy agencies and public water systems. This guidance manual is for PWSs affected by the rule. It provides infor-
mation on laboratory contracting, sample collection procedures, and data evaluation and interpretation. An electronic version is available at
www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/compliance.html.
UV Disinfection Guidance Manual (EPA 815-R-06-007). For primacy agencies and public water systems. This manual provides guidance
on the selection, design, and operation of ultraviolet disinfection to comply with treatment requirements under the rule. An electronic version
is available at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/compliance.html.
Membrane Filtration Guidance Manual (EPA 815-R-06-009). For primacy agencies and public water systems. This manual provides
guidance on the selection, design, and operation of membrane filtration to comply with treatment requirements under the rule. An electronic
version is available atwww.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/lt2/compliance.html.
Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule Toolbox Guidance Manual. For primacy agencies and public water systems.
This draft manual provides guidance on the selection, design, and operation of treatment and management strategies in the LT2ESWTR "mi-
crobial toolbox" to comply with treatment requirements under the rule. This manual is currently in development.
For more information, contact EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791, or see the Office of Ground Water and
Drinking Water Web page at www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/index.html. To order a copy of one of these guidance manuals
you may contact the US EPA Water Resource Center at (202) 566-1729 or by mail at:
US Environmental Protection Agency
Water Resource Center (RC-4100)
1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW,
Washington DC 20460
E-mail: center.water-resource@epa.gov
31
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E: and
Safe Drinking Water Act Primacy Agency Contacts.
For additional information or to learn more about the laws in your own State, please contact your State Primacy Agency.
EPA REGION 1
Connecticut
Department of Public Health: Drinking Water Division
Maine
Maine Department of Human Services: Drinking Water Program
Massachusetts
Department of Environmental Protection: Drinking Water Program
New Hampshire
Department of Environmental Services: Water Division
Rhode Island
Department of Health: Office of Drinking Water Quality
Vermont
Vermont Agency of Natural Resources
EPA REGION 2
New Jersey
Department of Environmental Protection: Water Supply Administration
New York
Department of Health: Bureau of Water Supply Protection
www.epa.gov/regionl/eco/drinkwater/index.html
www.dph. state. ct.us/BRS/water/dwd.htm
www. state .me .us/dhs/eng/water/index.htm
www.mass .gov/dep/water/drinking .htm
www.des.state.nh.us/wseb/
www.health.ri.gov/environment/dwq/index.php
www.anr.state.vt.us/dec/watersup/wsd.htm
www.epa.gov/region02/water/drinkingwater/
www.state.nj .us/dep/watersupply/
www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/water/main.htm
(617) 918-1584
(860) 509-7333
(207) 287-2070
(617)292-5770
(603)271-2513
(401)222-6867
(802)241-3400
(212) 637-3879
(609) 292-5550
(518)402-7650
32
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Puerto Rico
Department of Health: Public Water Supply Supervision Program
Virgin Islands
Department of Planning & Natural Resources: Division of Environmen-
tal Protection
EPA REGION 3
Delaware
Delaware Health & Social Services: Division of Public Health
District of Columbia
US EPA Region 3 Drinking Water Branch
Maryland
Department of the Environment: Public Drinking Water Program
Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Protection: Office of Water Management
Virginia
Department of Health: Office of Drinking Water
West Virginia
Bureau for Public Health: Department of Health and Human Resources
EPA REGION 4
Alabama
Department of Environmental Management: Water Supply Branch
Florida
Department of Environmental Protection: Drinking Water Program
www.epa.gov/region02/cepd/prlink.htm
www.dpnr.gov.vi/dep/home.htm
www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/
www. state .de .us/dhss/dph/about.html
www.epa.gov/reg3wapd/drinkingwater/
www.mde.state.md.us/programs/WaterPrograms/Water Sup-
ply/index.asp
www.dep. state .pa.us/dep/deputate/watermgt/wsm/WSM.htm
www.vdh.virginia.gov/DrinkingWater/
www.wvdhhr.org/oehs/eed/
www.epa.gov/region4/water/
www.adem . state .al .us/WaterDivision/Drinking/DWMain-
Info.htm
www.dep . state .fl .us/water/drinkingwater/index.htm
(787) 977-5870
(340) 773-1082
(215) 814-2300
(302) 744-4700
(215) 814-5806
(410) 537-3000
(717) 772-4018
(804) 864-7500
(304) 558-6715
(404) 562-9345
(334)271-7700
(850) 245-8335
33
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Georgia
Department of Natural Resources: Water Resources Branch
Kentucky
Department for Environmental Protection: Division of Water
Mississippi
Department of Health: Division of Water Supply
North Carolina
Department of Environment and Natural Resources: Public Water Sup-
ply Section
South Carolina
Department of Health & Environmental Control: Drinking Water Pro-
gram
Tennessee
Department of Environment & Conservation: Division of Water Supply
EPA REGION 5
Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency: Division of Public Water Supplies
Indiana
Department of Environmental Management: Drinking Water Branch
Michigan
Department of Environmental Quality: Water Bureau
Minnesota
Department of Health: Drinking Water Protection Section
www.gaepd.org
www.water.ky.gov/dw
www.msdh. state .ms.us/msdhsite/index.cfm/44.0. 76.html
www. deh . enr. state .nc .us/pws/
www. scdhec .net/eqc/water/html/dwater.html
www. state .tn .us/environment/dws/
www.epa.gov/r5water/
www.epa. state .il .us/water/index-pws .html
www. in .gov/idem/water/dwb
www.michigan.gov/deq
www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/water/index.html
(404) 657-5947
(502) 564-3410
(601)576-7518
(919) 733-2321
(803) 898-4300
(615)532-0191
(312) 886-4239
(217) 785-8653
(317)232-8603
(517)373-7917
(651)215-0770
34
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Ohio
Environmental Protection Agency: Division of Drinking & Ground
Water
Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources: Drinking Water and Ground Water
EPA REGION 6
Arkansas
Department of Health: Division of Engineering
Louisiana
Office of Public Health: Safe Drinking Water Program
New Mexico
Environment Department: Drinking Water Bureau
Oklahoma
Department of Environmental Quality: Water Quality Division
Texas
Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
EPA REGION 7
Iowa
Department of Natural Resources: Water Supply Program
Kansas
Department of Environmental Protection: Bureau of Water
Missouri
Department of Natural Resources: Water Protection and Soil Conserva-
tion Division
www.epa.state.oh.us/ddagw/
www.dnr. state .wi .us/org/water/dwg/
www.epa.gov/region6/water
www.healthyarkansas.com/eng/index.html
www.oph.dhh.louisiana.gov/engineerservice/safewater
www.nmenv.state .nm .us/dwb/dwbtop .html
www.deq.state.ok.us/WQDnew/index.htm
www.tceq. state .tx.us/nav/util water/
www.epa.gov/region7/water/dwgw.htm
www.iowadnr.com/water/drinking/index.html
www.kdhe .state .ks .us/pws/
www.dnr.mo.gov/wpscd/wpcp/dw-index.htm
(614) 644-2752
(608)266-0821
(214) 665-2757
(501) 661-2623
(225) 765-5038
(505) 827-1400
(405)702-8100
(512)239-4691
(913) 551-7030
(515)725-0275
(785) 296-5503
(573)751-1300
35
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Nebraska
Department of HHS: Public Water Supply Program
EPA REGION 8
Colorado
Department of Public Health & Environment: Drinking Water Program
Montana
Department of Environmental Quality: Public Water Supply Program
North Dakota
Department of Health: Division of Water Quality
South Dakota
Department of Environment & Natural Resources: Drinking Water
Program
Utah
Department of Environmental Quality: Division of Drinking Water
Wyoming
EPA Region VIII: Wyoming Drinking Water Program
EPA REGION 9
American Samoa
Environmental Protection Agency
Arizona
Department of Environmental Quality: Safe Drinking Water Section
California
Department of Health Services: Division of Drinking Water & Environ-
mental Management
www.hhs. state .ne.us/enh/pwsindex.htm
www.epa.gov/region08/water/
www.cdphe . state .co .us/wq/index.html
www.deq. state .mt.us/wqinfo/PWS/index.asp
www.health.state.nd.us/mf
www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/dwprg.htm
www.drinkingwater.utah.gov
www.epa.gov/region08/water/dwhome/wycon/wycon.html
www.epa.gov/region9/water/index.html
www.epa.gov/safewater/dwinfo/samoa.htm
www.azdeq.gov/environ/water/dw/index.html
www.dhs.ca.gov/ps/ddwem/technical/dwp/dwpindex.htm
(402)471-0521
(303) 312-7021
(303) 692-3500
(406)444-4071
(701)328-5211
(605) 773-3754
(801) 536-4200
(303)312-6812
(415) 744-1884
(684) 633-2304
(602) 771-2300
(916)449-5577
36
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Guam
Guam Environmental Protection Agency: Water Programs Division
Hawaii
Department of Health: Environmental Health Division
Nevada
Department of Environmental Services: Safe Drinking Water Program
EPA REGION 10
Alaska
Department of Environmental Management: Water Supply Branch
Idaho
Department of Environmental Quality: Water Quality Division
Oregon
Department of Human Services: Drinking Water Program
Washington
Department of Environmental Health: Office of Drinking Water
www.guamepa.govguam.net/programs/water
www.hawaii.gov/health/environmental/water/sdwb/index.
html
www.ndep .nv.gov/bsdw/index.htm
www.epa.gov/regionlO/
www. state .ak.us/dec/eh/dw
www. deq . state .id .us/water/
www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/dwp/index.shtml
www. doh .wa.gov/ehp/dw/
(671)475-1658
(808) 586-4258
(775) 687-6353
(206) 553-1389
(907) 269-7647
(208) 373-0194
(971) 673-0405
(360)236-3100
37
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Tribal Contacts.
For additional information or to learn more about the laws governing your tribe, use the contact information provided below.
US EPA Headquarters
American Indian Environmental Office
US EPA Regional Tribal Capacity
Development Coordinators
EPA Region 1
EPA Region 2
EPA Region 4
EPA Region 5
EPA Region 6
EPA Region 7
EPA Region 8
EPA Region 9
EPA Region 10
Other Contacts
Administration for Native Americans
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Indian Health Service
Native American Water Association
Web site
www.epa.gov/indian
Web site
www.epa.gov/region01/topics/government/tribal.html
www.epa.gov/region02/nations/index.html
www.epa.gov/Region4/indian/index.htm
www.epa.gov/region5/water/stpb
www.epa.gov/region06/6xa/tribal.htm
www.epa.gov/region07/government tribal/index.htm
www.epa.gov/region08/tribes
www.epa.gov/region09/cross_pr/indian/index.html
http://yosemite.epa.gov/rlO/tribal.NSF
Web site
www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ana
www.doi .gov/bureau-indian-affairs .html
www.ihs.gov
www.nawainc.org
Phone Number
(202) 564-0303
Phone Numbers
(888)372-7341
(212)637-3600
(404) 562-6939
(312)353-2123
(800) 887-6063
(913)551-7030
(303)312-6116
(415)744-1500
(206)553-4011
Phone Numbers
(877) 922-9262
(202)208-3710
(301)443-3024
(775) 782-6636
38
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Appendix F: Other STEP Documents Available from EPA
This guide is one in a series of Simple Tools for Effective Performance (STEP) documents for small drinking water systems. The currently
available STEP documents can be obtained from EPA by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 and requesting the docu-
ment by its publication number. The currently available STEP documents are also available at http://epa.gov/safewater/smallsys/ssinfo.htm.
Small Systems Guide to the Total Coliform Rule (TCR)
Publication number: EPA 816-R-01-017A
Published: June 2001
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/small-tcr.pdf
Complying with the Revised Drinking Water Standard for Arsenic: Small
Entity Compliance Guide
Publication number: EPA 816-R-02-008A
Published: August 2002
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic/pdfs/ars_final_app_f.pdf
Small Systems Guide to Safe Drinking Water Act Regulations
Publication number: EPA 816-R-03-017
Published: September 2003
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_smallsys-
tems_sdwa.pdf
Strategic Planning: A Handbook for Small Water Systems
Publication number: EPA 816-R-03-015
Published: September 2003
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_smallsys-
tems_stratplan.pdf
Asset Management: A Handbook for Small Water Systems
Publication number: EPA 816-R-03-016
Published: September 2003
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_smallsys-
tems_asset_mgmnt.pdf
Sources of Technical and Financial Assistance for Small Drinking Water
Systems
Publication number: EPA 816-K-02-005
Published: July 2002
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/tfa_sdws.pdf
Complying with Stage 1 Disinfectants and Disinfection
Byproducts Rule: Basic Guide
Publication number: EPA 816-B-05-004 Published: March 2006
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_stage 1_
basic_final.pdf
Supplement A
Publication number: EPA 816-B-05-005
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_stage 1_
basic_supplement_a_final .pdf
Supplement B
Publication number: EPA 816-B-05-006
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/smallsystems/pdfs/guide_stage 1_
basic_supplement_b_final .pdf
Complying with the Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts
Rule: Small Entity Compliance Guide
Publication number: EPA 815-R-07-014
Published: February 2007
Web location: www.epa.gov/safewater/disinfection/stage2/pdfs/guide_st2
stepguide_smallentitycomplianceguide.pdf
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