FEDERAL REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES ROUNDTABLE
REMEDIATION CASE STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORTS FACT SHEET
The Federal Remediation Technologies
Roundtable (FRTR) is an interagency working
group that promotes cooperation among
member agencies to further the development
and use of new technologies for improved
remediation of hazardous waste sites.
Primary members of the FRTR include the
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), the
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the U.S.
Department of the Interior (DOI), the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). A major activity of the Roundtable
is collection and distribution of information
from federal and state agencies on the use
of new technology at their sites. Each year,
the Roundtable compiles reports and makes
them available at the Web site www.frtr.gov.
This fact sheet describes the status of cost and
performance information on the web site and
the new reports that were added for the spring
2007 update. A total of 756 case studies
are now available with this recent addition
of 38 new reports.
Figure 1 shows the variety of information
available on the FRTR homepage. Figure
2 illustrates access to the four categories
FIGURE 1: INFORMATION ON FRTR HOMEPAGE
Search: Search the FRTR Web site for information.
FRTR Meetings: Obtain information on upcoming FRTR Meetings and
download summaries and presentations from previous meetings.
Screening Tools: Use screening matrices to evaluate technologies for
characterizing and treating hazardous waste sites and for decision support.
Technology Cost and Performance: View and download case studies
on remediation/characterization technologies and technojogy assessment reports
as well as access web sites on technology cost analysis.
Remediation Optimization: View and download case studies and
guidance information on monitoring and remediation technology optimization.
Environmental Cost Engineering: Obtain information on tools and
reference documents for cost estimation of environmental projects.
Publications: View and download abstracts and publications issued under
the auspices of the FRTR.
Information Links: Access web sites of other FRTR members.
GOVERNMENT'S EFFORTS TO
PROMOTE INTERAGENCY
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COOPERATION TO ADVANCE THE USE
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OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES TO
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CONTAMINATION
http://www.frtr.gov
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NEW REMEDIATION CA
Palmerton Zinc Pile, Compost/Biosolids Application
to Revegetate Defoliated Areas
his report summarizes a rull-scale phytoremediation
project that was implemented at the Palmerton Zinc
Pile Superfund Site in Palmerton, Carbon County,
Pennsylvania. Previous zinc smelting operations had
created an area of more than 2,000 acres of defoliated
land on the adjacent Blue Mountain, a cinder bank
composed of 33 million tons of material that contained
leachable metals, and additional defoliation along
Stoney Ridge. The surface soil, groundwater, and
stream sediments at the site and surrounding areas
had been contaminated by heavy metals as a result.
The treatment technology to address the heavy metal
contamination involved revegetation of the defoliated
areas using ime, potash, sludge, and fly ash to support
the new plantings. Through mid-2006, about 1,300
acres of Blue Mountain, 220 acres of the cinder bank,
and 40 acres of Stoney Ridge have been revegetated.
Additional revegetation of Blue Mountain and Stoney
Ridge is planned for the remainder of 2006 and
in 2007. Results of the phytoremediation project
have stabilized treated areas, reduced soi erosion,
and improved water quality (decreased contaminant
concentrations of soluble metals) associated with runoff
of remediation reports, including cost and
performance case studies for soi and
groundwater treatment technologies at specific
sites; broad assessments of these technologies
based on their use at multiple sites; case
studies of innovative site characterization and
monitoring technologies; and case studies of
various optimization efforts.
REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY COST
AND PERFORMANCE CASE STUDIES
Ten new cost and performance case studies
for remediation (treatment or containment)
technologies are being added. These case
studies primarily involve in situ processes for
treating chlorinated solvents in groundwater and
technologies for treating metals from mining and
smelting operations. Most of the chlorinated
so vent projects were prepared by DoD's
Environmental Security Technology Certification
Program (ESTCP). One study involves
bioaugmentation, where a microbia culture
was able to successfully induce degradation.
Other projects involve creation of a reactive
zone — in one case using permeable electrodes
to produce oxidizing and reducing conditions,
and in another case to test the use of cottonwood
trees to intercept and treat groundwater
contaminated with trichloroethylene. Another
project documents ongoing work by the
State of Florida to remediate a dry cleaning
facility using aggressive source zone treatment
consisting of in situ chemical oxidation (Fenton's
FIGURE 2: REMEDIATION REPORTS
FRTR Remediation Case Study Searchable Database:
A database of groundwater and soil treatment applications which
can be searched by several criteria; Standardized abstracts are
provided along with links to the full reports. (Total: 393 reports)
Remediation Technology Assessment Reports:
A compilation of reports assessing treatment technologies based on
their use at numerous sites. (Total: 78 reports)
Site Characterization And Monitoring Technologies:
A collection of reports documenting experiences in the use of
innovative site characterization and monitoring technologies; Report
summaries are organized by category with links to the full reports.
(Total: 175 reports)
Optimization Case Studies: A database of site application results
for various techniques to improve remedy efficiency; Searches using
various criteria produce report summaries with links to the full reports.
(Total: 110 reports)
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chemistry). The remaining projects address metal
contamination. An EPA report from a Superfund site
demonstrates how a constructed wetland was able
to reduce metals to concentrations below maximum
contaminant levels (MCL). Other Superfund projects
at smelting sites demonstrate aggressive revegetation
to control migration of metals and the potential for
permeable reactive barriers using zero-valent iron
to control arsenic. Two EPA Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) projects demonstrated
use of a compost-free bioreactor and of a semi-passive
alkaline lagoon to treat acid mine drainage. Finally,
an ESTCP project demonstrated the successful use of
a proprietary product (derived from processing fish
bones) to stabilize lead in situ.
The abstracts for all of the new reports are available
in the eleventh volume of Abstracts of Remediation
Case Studies (542-R-07-004), which is available for
download only at the FRTR Web site. Past volumes
of Abstracts of Remediation Case Studies are also
available at the Web site to download or order.
SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING
REPORTS
This focus area includes reports on field-based site
characterization and monitoring technologies. Of
the 1 1 new reports added, one actually consists
of a collection of eight reports for individual field-
portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers
vendors. This report by the SITE program is a
comparative demonstration of the XRF instruments for
the analysis of trace metals. This demonstration was
designed to collect reiable data on performance
and cost for commercially available XRF instruments
and to document the relative performance of each.
The objective of the eva uation was to evaluate
each XRF instrument's accuracy, precision, sample
throughput, and tendency for matrix effects. This field
demonstration involved analysis of prepared samples
of soi and sediment, which included blends from nine
different collection sites as well as spiked samples
with certified element concentrations. Accuracy was
assessed by comparing the XRF instrument's results
with data generated by a fixed reference laboratory.
The SITE program also produced an evaluation of a
rapid dioxin assay that can be used as an effective
screening tool to identify areas of greatest concern
for cleanup and to limit the number of more expensive
analysis.
Several reports from the Interstate Technology
& Regulatory Council (ITRC) are included. Two
CHARACTERIZATION REPORTS
Vapor Intrusion Pathway: A Practical Guide
Vapor Intrusion Pathway: Investigative
Approaches for Typical Scenarios
"™ The Interstate Technology
Regulatory
mcil (ITRC)
as released two auiaance
Approaches for
>' Typical Scenarios.
The first document
(Vapor ntrusion
Pathway: A Practical Guide) provides a 1 3-step
approach to investigate vapor intrusion and to
determine whether any remediation is warranted.
The second document (Vapor Intrusion Pathway:
Investigative Approaches for Typical Scenarios)
provides six hypothetical scenarios for a vapor
intrusion investigation. The six scenarios include:
(1) a gas station in a residential neighborhood;
(2) a dry cleaner in a strip mall adjacent to a
neighborhood; (3) a large industrial facility with a
long plume under several hundred buildings; (4) a
vacant lot with proposed Brownfield development
over a ground water plume; (5) a vacant large
commercial building with warehouse space and
office space; and (6) an apartment building with
a parking garage over a ground water plume.
documents address vapor intrusion. One of these
documents provides an overview and a procedure
for conducting an investigation to determine whether
remediation is warranted. A companion document
provides six hypothetical scenarios to illustrate application
of the procedures. Two ITRC reports cover passive
samplers that are primarily intended for groundwater
monitoring, but many can also be used for surface
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water and vapor sampling. Twelve technologies
are discussed in terms of operation, applications,
advantages and limitations, and status. Another
report provides protocols for five of these groundwater
samplers, along with case histories of their use. In
addition, an ITRC report describes technologies that
have been combined for real-time measurement of
radionuclides in soi. Five case studies are provided
where the technologies have been applied and
conclusions are given concerning their use. Three
reports from the ESTCP include a survey of munitions
response technologies with illustrations on evaluating
and selecting characterization technologies for
unexploded ordnance based on site conditions;
demonstration of an innovative analytical assay
technology that detects bioavailable ferric iron; and
a demonstration that shows the cost effectiveness of
a single-well push-pull test for evaluating the potential
for in situ aerobic cometabolism. Finally, an EPA
case study is included on use of the Triad approach
to unravel complex contaminant distribution patterns
and support expedited site characterization.
LONG-TERM MONITORING AND
OPTIMIZATION CASE STUDY REPORTS
New documents added in this area include reports
from ITRC and EPA on process optimization and
EPA reports on monitoring optimization. The ITRC
is preparing a series of reports on remedial process
optimization topics. The first deals with life cycle cost
analysis, which considers all project costs as the basis
for comparison of alternatives. Another provides an
overview of performance-based management, which
focuses on accelerating the achievement of desired
results or remedial action objectives. Another report
discusses data management, data analysis, and
visualization techniques. This report covers useful
techniques for extracting information to support
analysis from existing and newly collected data. EPA
refers to its process optimization as Remedial Site
Evaluation, and three reports are included that illustrate
its application. These reports include optimization
of an existing soil vapor extraction and in-well air
stripping system, and two pump-and-treat systems that
also involve recovery of free product. In addition,
three EPA case studies concern optimization of long-
term monitoring networks through both spatial (sample
location) and temporal (sample frequency) statistical
analysis. One of these projects uses statistical tools
available with the Monitoring and Remediation
Optimization System software (MAROS).
HIGHLIGHT OF REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY
ASSESSMENT REPORTS
Cost and Performance Review of Electrical
Resistance Heating (ERH) for Source Treatment
In Situ Thermal Treatment Design Document
The U.S. Navy and the USAGE have each
released a document on evaluating and se ecting
in situ thermal treatment technologies. The U.S.
Navy has released Cost and Performance Review
of Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) for Source
Treatment, which presents information on five ERH
cost and performance projects. These projects
focus on the treatment of dense nonaqueous-
phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination at a variety
of Department of Defense (DoD) facilities. The
USAGE has released In Situ Thermal Treatment
Design Document, a guidance document that
provides information on screening and selecting
the appropriate in situ thermal remediation
technologies. Technologies evaluated in this
document include steam-enhanced extraction
injection, electrical resistivity heating, and thermal
conductive heating. Background information and
technology descriptions are provided along with
cost and performance information.
http://www.frtr.gov
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REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORTS
The reports in this section provide technology assessments based on results from field experience gained from
multiple sites. Two new reports provide valuable information about in situ thermal treatment. The U.S. Army
Corp of Engineers (USAGE) has produced a design manual to support eva uation and selection of the major
thermal options, including steam-enhanced extraction, electrical resistance heating, and thermal conductive
heating. The manual provides information on the proper application of the technologies and helps identify
design, operational, and monitoring issues. The Navy has published a report focusing on electrical resistance
heating that includes five cost and performance case studies from applications at naval facilities. The results from
these projects show this technology to be effective for treating dense nonaqueous phase iquids (DNAPL). The
ITRC has published a document on post-closure care of municipal sold waste landfills. Although it is focused
on municipal waste, the report also has information that could be useful for management of hazardous wastes.
The ITRC also produced a document on ecological land reuse. Case studies are provided to document the
integration of natural or green technologies and to illustrate the resulting benefits. An EPA fact sheet on soil
amendments for site remediation and reuse provides a reference matrix that describes the potential application
of organic waste streams to revitalize areas that have been stressed from activities such as mining. It is based
on essons learned from extensive site-specific experience. Two additional EPA reports are contaminant-specific
assessments of available and emerging technologies for treating 1,4-dioxane and mercury. The final report is
from ESTCP and the U.S. Geological Survey and provides a draft protocol for characterizing natural attenuation
of chlorinated solvents in groundwater plumes that discharge to wetlands. This document is based on a
previous report and presents alternatives for developing the site conceptual model and field methodologies for
characterizing the natural attenuation process.
REMEDIATION CASE STUDIES AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORTS - ORDERING INFORMATION
The following FRTR documents are available free of charge from the U.S. EPA/National Service
Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP), while supplies last. To order, mail a request to:
U.S. EPA/National Service Center for Environmental Publications
P.O. Box 42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Or FAX to (513) 489-8695. In addition, telephone orders may be placed at (800) 490-9198 or
(513)489-8190.
a Abstracts of Remediation Case Studies, Volume 1 1, August 2007 (EPA-542-R-07-004)
[Downloadable only at www.frfr.gov].
Q Remediation Case Studies & Technology Assessment Reports Fact Sheet, June 2007
(EPA-542-F-07-002).
Q Remediation Technology Assessment Reports: Summary of Selected Documents, August 2005
(EPA-542-F-05-006). '
Q Guide to Documenting and Managing Cost and Performance Information for Remediation
Projects, Revised Version, October 1998 (EPA-542-B-98-007).
http://www.frtr.gov
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\
Ul
Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response
(5203P)
National Service Center for
Environmental Publications
RO. Box42419
Cincinnati, OH 45242
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300
EPA-542-F-07-002
June 2007
www.epa.gov
www.frtr.gov
Federal
Remediation
Technologies
Roundtable
Remediation
Case Studies
and Technology
Assessment
Reports
Fact Sheet
June 2007
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