Thang Mifdi Hai 2007
Neu quy vi da
tiuqc chan doan
mac phai benh
tieu dudng hoac
bj chung roi loan
trong si/ trao doi
chat, mot dau
hieu bao triftic
cho benh tieu
difdng va benh
tim mach, quy vi
cothedebjcac
moi nguy hiem
cua moi trudng
tac dong nhir stf 6
nhiem khong khi
va si/ndng bite.
Benh Ti&i DiTdfng va Cac M5l
Nguy Hiem Cua Moi Trifofng
Thong Tin Danh Cho Cac Vi Cao Men va
NhOng NgUdi San Soc Tai Gia
Tong so nhung ngi/di
1 dp tudi tCf 65 trd len,
>ao cao cho thay co den
>0%dan ong va 15%
phu nO Hoa Ky bj mac benh tieu
dudng. Hon 60 trieu ngi/di d Hoa
Ky (U.S.) dang chju di/ng can
benh tieu difdng hoac bj chufng rdi
loan trong sif trao ddi chat1'2, mot
dau hieu bao trade cho benh tieu
dating va benh tim mach (benh
tim va tai bien mach mau nao,
hay con goi la dot quy).
Benh tieu di/dng la mot trong
so mirdi nguyen nhan hang dau
dan den tCf vong tai Hoa Ky doi
vdi dan ong va phu nO tren 65
tudi3 va lam tieu phi hdn $132 ty
trong ngan sach quo'c gia hang
nam1.
Benh Ti§"u Difcfng La Gl?
Benh tieu dudng xay ra khi cd
the mat kha nang tai tao chat
insulin, mot kich thich to di/dc
san xuat ra tCf tuyen tuy. Benh
cung cd the xay ra khi cd the
khong tiep nhan difdc chat
insulin dung each. Mac du cac
yeu to di truyen va phong each
song, vi du nhif sif beo phi va
thieu van dpng, co lien quan
den can benh nhi/ng nguyen
nhan chfnh xac vSn chifa ro.
Co rat nhieu loai benh tieu
dufdng, nhang phd bien nha't
hien nay vin la Loai 1 va Loai 2.
Loai 2 chiem hdn 90% benh
nhan tieu difdng va rat phd
bien 6 cac vi cao nien. NhCfng
ngtfdi beo phi va thieu van dpng
thi/dng co kha nang mac phai
Tieu dudng loai 2.
Benh tieu difdng lam gia tang
moi nguy hiem cho cdn dau tim,
dot quy va nhOng bien chufng
lien quan den sy tuan hoan mau
kem. Benh cd the de lai cac hau
qua lau dai ve sufc khde ke ca
su1 mu Ida, benh tim mach, dot
quy, suy than, cut tuf chi va ton
thifdng than kinh.
Tiep xuc vdi cac moi nguy hiem
cua moi trifdng nhif si/ 6 nhiim
khong khi va SL/ ndng bite co the
lam cho sufc khoe cua cac benh
nhan tieu dudng te hai hdn.
Td thong tin nay neu torn lifglc si/ anh huong cua cac yeu to
moi trifdng doi vdi sufc khde cua cac v| cao nien bj benh tieu
dudng va de xuat cac bien phap de giam thieu sif tiep xuc vdi
sif 6 nhiim khong khi va si/ ndng bile.
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Benh Ti§\i Bifcfng Thifcfng PhS Bi§n Horn
Trong Cac Nhom Dan T6c Thii\i So'
Nam 2001, benh tieu dtidng la nguyen nhan
gay tti vong dting hang thti 5 doi vdi phu nQ My
ban xti va goc Hispanic va la nguyen nhan gay
tCf vong dting hang thti 6 doi vdi dan ong My
ban xuf va goc Hispanic. Benh tieu dtidng xay
ra thifdng xuyen hdn d dan My goc Phi, dan My
ban xuf, mot so dan My goc A, dan Hawaii ban
xti va dan dao Thai Binh Di/dng; va dan goc
Hispanic. Bao cao cho thay nhQng ngtidi da den
khong co goc Hispanic co t? le mac benh tieu
dtidng cao hdn han so vdi nhufng ngtidi da trang
khong co goc Hispanic (23% so v<3i 14%). Bao
cao cung cho thay rang dan goc Hispanic co tT
le mac benh tieu dtidng cao hdn nhQng ngi/di da
trang khong co goc Hispanic (24% so vdi 14%)4.
Ty Lf Phan Tram Dan So Co Dp Tuoi TUT 65
Trd Len Bj Mac Benh Tieu DUdng
(Theo Sac Toe)5
25%
20%_
15%
10%
5%
0%
140/o
23%
Ngirdi Da TrSng
KhSng C6 G6c
Hispanic
Ngudi Da Den
KhSng C6 G6c
Hispanic
Dan Goc
Hispanic
Cac Yeii To Mpi Trufcfng Co Kha Ndng
Anh Hiforng Oen Stfc Khoe Cua Nhifng
Benh Nhan Tieu Difofng
Chat Luang Khong Khi
NhQng ngtidi bj benh tieu dufdng dUdc xem nhti
la co nguy cd cao doi vdi nhufng tac dong co hai
cho stic kh&e qua sti tiep xuc vdi cac phan tti doc
hai hoac sif 6 nhiim khong khi dtidc phat hien
ca trong va ngoai moi trtidng. Hit phai cac phan
til doc hai tCf cac chat gay 6 nhiim khong khi (vi
du nhti khoi, bui xe, cac chat thai cong nghiep va
bui mu toa ra khi dot cac nhien lieu hoa thach) co
the lam gia tang nguy cd cua cdn dau tim va dot
quy.
Mot nghien ctiu gan day da kham pha ra rang
kha nang cac mach mau kiem soat sti tuan hoan
mau 6 nhQng benh nhan tieu dtidng tudi trtidng
thanh bj giam dan vao nhQng ngay co mat dp
cao cac phan tti tti xe co va cac nha may than
dien. Suy giam sti tuan hoan mau di doi vdi sti
gia tang nguy cd cua cdn dau tim, dot quy va cac
van de khac ve tim. NhQng nghien ctiu khac cho
thay rang khi mtic dp 6 nhiim khong khf len cao,
ti le cac benh nhan tieu dtidng phai nhap vien va
tti vong do cac van de tim mach cung cao hdn5'6.
Sif Nong Bdc
Tiep xuc vdi nhiet dp tren 90 dp F co the rat nguy
hiem, dac biet la khi am dp cung d mtic cao. Bj
benh tieu dtidng co the lam cho cd the quy vj
kho khan hdn trong viec dieu chinh than nhiet7
dtidi nhQng cdn nong btic. Neu quy vj bj benh
tieu dtidng, quy vi nen de phong nhQng ddt nong
btic. Tranh tiep xuc vdi nhiet dp qua cao la each
tti ve tot nhat. Sti dung may dieu hoa nhiet dp la
mot trong nhQng each tot nhat de bao ve chong
lai cac benh tat va tti vong lien quan den si/ nong
btic8.
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Quy Vj Co The Lam Gl De Giam Thieu Sir Tiep
| Xuc Vtfi Cac Moi Nguy Hiem Cua Moi Trifting? |
I HAY HAN CHE TIEP XUC Vdl CAC YEU TO CUA MOI TRl/flNG .
• Hay giam sir tiep xuc vdi xe co va sir 6 nhiem khong khf ben ngoai
Chu y den dif bao trong Bang Chi So Chat Lifting Khong Khf (AQI) de biet difdc khi
nao thl khong khf khong tot cho stfc khoe cua nhufng nhom ngufdi nhay cam. Kiem tra
vdi ngi/di cham soc sufc kh6e cho quy vj de giam bdt mflc do cac hoat dong khi AQI
len cao. Neu ben ngoai nha cua quy vj co khoi phat ra tCf trong rung hay dam chay nao
khac, hoac neu quy vj song trong mot toa nha co nhieu can ho va co khoi bep hay khoi
Iboc ra trong toa nha do, hay dat may dieu hoa khong khf cua quy vi 6 che dp quay
vong khep kin va dong kin cufa so cho den khi khoi da tan het. Hay giam bdt thdi gian
di lai cua quy vj. Tranh hoat dong the chat. Han che tap the due gan nhQng dudng pho
dong due.
• Hay giu cho khong gian trong nha khong bj khoi
Tranh khoi thuoc la. Khi quy vi co the, hay yeu cau moi ngu"di hut thuoc la ben ngoai.
Hay chpn nhOng nha hang, quan bar va nhOng ndi cong cong khac khong co khoi
• thuoc la. Cac bep Id va Id sudi dot bang cui phai md lo thong hoi nghiem chinh. •
• Phai than trong khi lam viec quanh nha
Neu quy vj du djnh sdn phe't ben trong can nha, hay len Ijch lam viec khi nao quy vj co
I the m6 toan cac canh cCfa va cufa so va dung quat de lam thong thoang khf khu vifc do.
Hay thudng xuyen giai lao de hit th6 khong khf trong lanh; tranh sdn phet cac phong
trong nhieu ngay.
Tri/dc khi sCfa sang lai can nha dUdc xay trudc nam 1978, hay de phong tranh su" tiep
I xuc vdi sdn co chl. DCfng sCf dung may danh bong bang day curoa, duoc dot bang khf
proban, sung nhiet, dung cu cao kho hay giay nham kho de cao bo Idp sdn co chl.
Viec lam nay lam phat ra mot lifdng bui va hdi chl khong the chap nhan dUdc.
II Hay tuf bao ve lay mmh trong nhQng ddt nong buTc
Hay sCf dyng may dieu hoa nhiet dp cua quy vj hoac di den nhQng toa nha co chay
may dieu hoa nhiet dp trong cong dong cua quy vj. Hay xa nude hoac tarn cho mat.
Mac nhOng quan ao mdng, mau nhat va rpng rai. Hay hdi bac s7 hoac y ta neu nhOng
I thuoc quy vi dang uong lam gia tang sir nhay cam cua quy vj doi vdi cac benh lien |
quan den su" nong bifc.
Hay uong nhieu ni/dc, nhifng can tranh cac thu"c uong co chtfa cafein hoac rUdu con.
NhCfng thtfc uong nay co the lam mat nude va lam tang them lufdng hydrat-cacbon
I trong cd the quy vj. •
Neu bac sT nan che lifdng nude uong cua quy vj, nhd hoi cho ky lUdng nifdc ma quy vj
nen uong trong nhOng dpt nong bufc la bao nhieu.
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Be An Cho Ngifdi Gia Cua EPA difdc lap ra de bao ve sufc khoe cua cac vj cao nien doi
vdi cac moi nguy hiem cua moi tri/dng thong qua sif quan trj cac moi nguy hiem va cac
chien luce phong ngtfa, giao due va nghien ctfu. Mudn bie't them chi tiet ve Be An Cho
Ngifdi Gia Cua EPA, xin truy cap vao www.epa.gov/aging.
Tai Lieu Tham Khao:
• EPA Hoa Ky (U.S. EPA)
Chat LufOng Khong Khi Trong Nha:
www.epa.gov/iaq/
Chi So Chat Li/dng Khong Khf:
www.epa.gov/airnow
• Trung Tarn Kiem Soat va Phong Chdng
Djch Benh
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/
• Hoc Vien Qudc Gia ve Benh Tieu Bifdng,
Tieu Hoa va Than:
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov
• Hiep Hoi Benh Tieu Budng Hoa Ky
www.diabetes.org
Chu Thich
1 Hoc Vien Quoc Gia ve Benh Tieu Bucing, Tieu
Hoa va Th$n. Td thong tin Tridng Ke Benh Tieu
Dudng Quoc Gia: Nhufng thong tin long quat va
di/ doan qudc gia ve benh tieu dudng tai Hoa Ky,
2005. Bethesda, MD: S6 Y Td va Djch Vu Con
Ngi/di, Hoc Vi§n Y Te Quoc Gia, 2005.
2 Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH.JSy phd bidn
cua chiJng rdi loan trong su trao doi chat 6 lufa tudi
trifdng thanh tai Hoa Ky: Nhufng phat hien tCf Cupc
Khao Sat Sufc Khoe va Dinh Du5ng Qudc Gia Lan
ThQ Ba, JAMA 2002; 287(3): 356-9.
3 Diln Dan GiOa Cac Co Quan Cua Lien Bang
ve Cac Thong Ke Lien Quan Den NgUdi Gia.
Thong Tin NgUdi My Cao Nien Cap Nhat 2006:
Cac Nhan To Chu Yeu Xac Djnh_SU Kh'oe Manh.
Washington, DC. Van Phong in An cua Chinri Phu
Hoa Ky. Thang 5, 2006.
4 Dien Dan Giufa Cac Cd Quan Cua Lien Bang
ve Cac Thong Ke Lien Quan Den NgUdi Gia.
Thong Tin NgUdi My Cao Nien Cap Nhat 2004:
Cac Nhan To Chu Yeu Xac Djnh^Sy Kh'oe Manh.
Washington, DC. van Phong in An cua Chinh Phu
Hoa Ky. Thang 11, 2004.
5 Goldberg MS, Burnett RT, Bailar JC Be Tarn,
Brook J, Bonvalot Y, Tamblyn R, Singh R, Valois
MF, Vincent R. Moi lien quan giOa tl le tCf vong
hang ngay va su 6 nhiim khong khi xung quanh
Montreal, Quebec, 2: Nguyen nhan gay t? le tu
vong dac biet. Environ Res. 2001; 86(1): 26-36.
6 Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Si/ ton thUdng tim
mach bdi cac phSn tCf bay trong kh6ng khi: Co di
bj mac benh tieu dudng hdn khong? Djch Tl Hoc
2002; 13(5): 588-92.
7 EPA Hoa Ky. Sach hudng d§n cac ddt nong
bufc qua mufc. Van Phong ve Cac ChUdng Trlnh
cua Khi Quyen (6207J). Washingtion, DC. EPA
430-B-06-006. Thang 6, 2006.
8 Naughton MP, Henderson A, Mirabelli MC,
Kaiser R, Wilhelm JL, Kieszak SM, Rubin CH,
McGeehin MA. TT l§ tuf vong li§n quan ddn su" nong
bufc trong mot dot nong bufc 6 Chicago nam 1999.
Am J Prev Med. 2002; 22(4): 328-9.
Protecting the Health
of Older Americans
Vietnamese translation of: Diabetes and
Environmental Hazards
Publication Number EPA 100-F-07-029
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