Thang 3-2008

Benh tim la
ke giet ngLr&i
so 1  cua
phu nu3 o> do
tuoi I6>n hem
65 tuoi.1
 Phu  NCp  va  SLFC
 Khoe  Moi  Triporig
 Thong Tin cho Nhfrng Ngivai Lan Tuoi va
 Nhung Nguui Cham Soc Stic Khoe Cua  Ho
         Co nhieu each moi
         truporig anh hLPcVng den
         SLPC khoe con ngum
         Mot moi truporig lanh
manh co nhCpng anh hipong tich
CLPC, mot moi trimng 6 nhiem co hai
den SLPC khoe. Mot so anh hirong
tieu CLPC co tac dong cu the den SLPC
khoe phu nCp, dac biet la & nhCpng
ngimi tren 50 tuoi.
NhCpng chat gay 6 nhiem la yeu to
SLPC khoe trong nhCpng can benh
dime biet thong throng vi du nhLp
benh phoi, cung nhLp la cac benh
kinh nien khac. Cac can benh SLPC
khoe kinh nien vi du nhLp cao huyet
ap, benh tran khi phoi va viem phe
quan kinh nien (COPD), va xuyen
la pho bien ho-n doi vm phu nCp tren
50 tuoi so vcri dan ong & cung nhom
tuoi.2
Trang SLP kien nay dLpa ra nhCpng
thong tin ca hai ve nhCpng bLpac quy
vj co the thyc hien de lam giam viec
tiep xuc vcri cac chat 6 nhiem moi
tapcmg va cac can benh can phai de
phong vao do tuoi cua quy vj, dac
biet la:
• Cac chat 6 nhiem trong khong
   khi quy vj hit thcV,
• NhCpng chat tay rCpa va thuoc trCp
   sau quy vj SLP dung xung quanh
   nha, va
• SLP tiep xuc vcVi chl cV tho-i tho7 au
  va dan den cac van de SLPC khoe
  sau khi man kinh.3

6 Nhilm Khong Khi

6 nhiem khong khi la khong khi bj
nhiem ban vcVi cac chat doc hai. Cac
vi du cua cac chat gay nhiem ban
khong khi bao gom, nhLpng khong
nan che doi vcVi:
• Cac tinh the nho, vi du nhLp khoi
  va bo hong tCp xe co;
• Cac chat khi, bao gom khi ozon
  (ozone) va cacbon monoxit
  (carbon monoxide);
• Cac mui, hcri thoat ra tCp than dot
  chay, dau, hoac dau ICpa va cac
  san pham tay rCpa gia dung va
  seen; va
• Khoi tCp thuoc la,  cac 16 nung
  ngoai tro-i va cac bep nung blng
  cui.
Cac tinh the nho va  khi ozon dime
ghi nhan nhLp la cac chat gay 6
nhiem khong khi tai  hai nhat.
Khong can thiet phai cV trong nha de
tranh bj 6 nhiem khong khi. NhCpng
tinh the nho co the bay qua cac cCpa
so de mcV, cCpa ra vao, hoac thong
qua cac may dieu hoa khong khi
vao nha quy vj hoac ncri lam viec.
Hay goi cho Trung Tarn Kiim Soat Ngo Doc Qudc Gia
  niu quy vj hoac ai do co nhCpng trieu chung da bj
             ngo doc (1-800-222-1222).

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Neu khong co thong gio phu hop, khoi thuoc la, hoac
cac mui, hcri tip cac san pham tay ripa co the tree nen
co dac trong nha va nhanh chong lam giam chat lippng
khong khi.
Cac Tac Hai Cua 6 Nhilm
Khong Khi Din SLFC  Khoe
• Neu quy vj bj benh tim mach, 6 nhiem khong khi co
   the gay nen cac dao dong dot bien hoac tang nhjp
   tim cua quy vj.4 6 nhiem khong khi co the lam xau
   di chung vCpa xo7 dong mach vanh hoac cac can
   benh tim mach kinh nien ma co the gay nen con
   nhoi mau ca tim56 va co kha nang gay ra tip vong,
   dac biet la a nhCpng phu nCp sau tho-i ky man kinh.7
• Neu quy vj bj benh phoi, khong khi 6 nhiem co the
   di vao dipong ho hap va gay nen cac van de SLPC
   khoe bao gom chung viem phoi, kho thcr, va lam
   tram trong them benh xuyen va benh tran khi phoi
   va viem phe quan kinh nien (COPD).
• Neu quy vj bj benh tieu dipong, tiep xuc vm khong
   khi 6 nhiem co the lam tang nguy ca bj nhoi mau
   co7 tim, tai bien mach mau nao, va cac van de khac
   ve tim mach.8

Lam Thl Nao  d§ Tranh hoac
Giam Thilu Sy Tilp  Xuc d6i vai
Khong Khi 6 Nhilm
Kiem tra Chi So Chat Lirong Khong Khi (AQI)  moi
ngay. Chi so AQI thong bao do trong sach cua khong
khi va se co anh hipang den SLPC khoe cua quy vj hay
khong. Giam thieu hoat dong ngoai trm cua quy vj
cang nhieu cang tot vao nhCmg ngay chat iLpgng khong
khi kern. Quy vj co the vao website www.epa.gov/
airnow de tim hieu them ve chi so AQI. Quy vj cung co
the tim hieu them ve chat iLpgng khong khi hang ngay
qua cac ban bao thai tiet tren bao chi, truyen hlnh, va
cac Ian song phat thanh.

Cac Loai  Thu6c Tru5 Sau va
Chit Tly  RCna
Cac thuoc tn> sau va chat tay rCpa 6" cac dang nhip
bot, chat dac quanh (gel), chat long, hoac phun xjt,
la nhCmg hoa chat rat manh dipp'c SLK dung trong nha
hoac ngoai vipcm de lau chui cac be mat va diet cac
loai sau bo, con trung gay hai. SLK dung qua mipc cac
chat hoa hoc doc hai nhip thuoc trip sau bo va cac chat
tay ora co the dan den:
• Cac chung dau dau
• Chong mat
• Cac chung co rut ca blp
• Buon non, va
• Kiet SLPC
Neu quy vj,  mot thanh vien gia dlnh, hoac ban be gap
phai mot trong nhCpng trieu  chipng nay, hay goi cho
trung tarn kiem soat ngo doc dja phipong cua quy vj.
Cac khao sat cua phong cap CLPU cho thay ring tre em
dipm 6 tuoi thipong bj ngo doc khi vieng tham cac ong,
ba —ncri cac chat doc hai thipong de trong tarn tay
tre em va khong co cac nip van kin ngan tre em ma
—hon la a trong nhCpng ngoi nha cua cac em.
Trong khi nhCpng ngipm Ian tuoi hon chiem it ho-n 3
phan tram cua cac vu bao cao ngo doc, thl con so nay
co kha nang len den gap doi doi vai tre em va nhCpng
ngipm tre tuoi ganh phai hau qua nghiem trong va
nhieu gap 10 Ian kha nang  tip vong do ket qua cua viec
nhiem doc vm nhCpng hoa chat nay." Hon nCpa, viec
tiep xuc lau dai vm thuoc trip sau da lien quan den cac
van de ve SLPC khoe vi du nhip ung thip, va cac van de
than kinh nhip la chipng mattri nho7.1213

Lam  Thl  Nao Dl Tranh hoac
Giam Thilu SIP Tilp  Xuc d6i y6>\
Thu6c Tru5 Sau hoac Cac  Chit
Tly RCpa
• GiCp cac san pham trong cac bao bl hang nguyen
   thuy. Hay doc ky lipong cac nhan hieu ky lipong va
   tuan theo tat ca cac chi dan de phong.
• Vipt bo cac loai thuoc trip sau va chat tay rCpa theo
   cac huwig dan tren nhan hieu.

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• Khi SLP dung cac san pham trong nha, hay mcV tat
   ca cac cCpa ra vao va cCpa so va van quat de dime
   thong gio day du.
• Chi dung san pham trong khu VLPC co van de. Hay
   nan che so iLppng quy vj SLP dung theo cac chi dan
   tren nhan hieu.
• Khong bao gio7 SLP dung cac san pham ngoai trm a
   trong nha. Hay chic chin dong cac cCpa ra vao va
   cCpa so cua nha quy vj trimc khi SLP dung cac san
   pham ngoai tro-i.
• Sau khi SLP dung cac san pham nay, hay luon luon
   rCpa sach cac ban tay cua quy vj va tat ca cac bo
   phan nao cua ca the hoac quan ao ma co the da
   bj nhiem vcVi nhCpng chat do.

Chi
Quy vj co biet ring  chi ma quy vj tCpng bj nhiem trong
cuoc song triple kia cua quy vj van con trong ca the
quy vj hay khong? Chi dime ILPU lai trong cac ximng
cua quy vj, ncri khong co gay bat ky nhCpng anh hipong
tai hai nao cho SLPC khoe cho den khi cuoi cuoc dm.
Trong suot thm ky man kinh, cac tich top xirong bj
lao hoa va tiet thai lipo-ng chi tich luy vao trong dipo-ng
huyet. Trong so nhCpng phu nCp \an tuoi, cac mipc chi
trong mau co the len den 25 den 30 phan tram cao
hern so vcVi trimc thm' ky man kinh.14
NhCpng lirong chi tang cao nay, ket ho-p vcVi viec tiep
xuc vcVi moi tripong mpcVc hoac nha bj nhiem chi, co
the gay nen cac tac dong tieu CLPC den SLPC khoe. Cac
mipc chi  cao trong mau co the lam tang nguy ca quy
vj bj tang huyet ap,  vCpa xa dong mach, va lam giam
chipc nang cua than.14 Ho-n the nCpa, ngo doc co the
dan den  viec giam chipc nang nhan thipc, vcVi cac trieu
chipng giong nhip bj mat tri nhcV.15
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Quy vj co biet?
• Viec ap dung phLPong phap dieu
   trj man kinh dung kich thich to
   (hooc mon) co the lam gia tang
   nguy ca quy vj bj benh xuyen.9
• Trong nam 2003, hon 63.000
   phu nCp tCp vong vl benh COPD,
   so vcVi 59.000 cV  nam gicVi.2
• Benh tieu dirong la van de SLPC
   khoe quan trong cua phu nCp,
   dac biet la dan My goc Chau Phi
   va tho dan Da Bo/ Alaska.10
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Quy Vj  Co Thi Lam Gi?
• Hay di bac sy kham ngay lap tipc neu quy vj co cac
   trieu chipng nhip cac co-n dau dau, chong mat, co rut
   ca blp, buon non hoac kiet SLPC.
• Hay goi cho na\ cung cap nLPcVc cong cong dja
   phLPO-ng de lay cac ban bao cao thirong nien ve chat
   iLPO-ng nLPcVc uong. Hay nho7 phong thi nghiem co
   chCpng nhan tien hanh thCp nghiem cac gieng nLPcVc
   ca nhan  hang nam. Be biet them thong tin, hay goi
   BLPong Day Khan Cap ve NLPCVC Uong An Toan cua
   EPA (EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline) (tai so
   1-800-426-4791 hoac tai website: www.epa.gov/
   safewater).
• BCpng dung den IcVp so-n co chCpa chi neu IcVp seen van
   con trong tlnh trang tot; dCpng cao hoac dot chay IcVp
   so-n co the chLpa chi.
• BCpng tLp mlnh gcV bo IcVp son. Be tranh rui ro bj
   nhiem chi, hay thue mot nhan vien cao sc^n chuyen
   nghiep co chCpng nhan.

Toi Co Th§ Hoc Hoi Them Q Dau?

Cac Van D§ V§ Ngu-cci Lan Tu6i Va Su>c  Khoe Moi
Tru'6'ng
Be An Cho NgLpm' Gia Cua EPA dime lap ra de bao ve
SLPC khoe cua nhCpng ngimi IcVn tuoi doi vcVi cac hiem hoa
moi topong thong qua quan trj rui ro va cac giai phap
ngan ngCpa, giao due, va nghien  CLPU. Be biet them thong
tin ve Be An Cho NgLpm' Gia Cua EPA, hay vao trang
web www.epa.gov/aging

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Nhung Ngii'cn Lan Tudi va Chat Lipong
Khong Khi
http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=
static.olderadults

Chat Lipong Khong Khi
Co Quart Bao Ve Mo; Trirong
Chi S6 Chat Lirong Khong Khi
www.airnow.gov

Chat Lirong Khong Khi Trong Nha
www.epa.gov/iaq/

Nhung Gia Cu> Khong Co Khoi Thudc
www.epa.gov/smokefree/

Su>c Khoe Moi Tru'6'ng
MedlinePlus
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
airpollution.html

Benh Tim va Tai Biin  Mach  Mau Nao
Hiep Hoi Tim Hoa Ky
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.
jhtml?identifier=4786

Cac Benh  Phdi
Hoc Vien Tim Phdi va Huyet Hoc Qudc Gia
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/index.
htm
Hiep Hoi Phdi Hoa Ky
http://www.lungusa.org

Cac Van D§ Su>c Khoe Phu  NO'
Trung Tarn Nghien Cu-u Qudc Gia Ve Phu
N& va Gia Binh
http://www.center4research.org/

Bo Y Te va Con Nguvi  Hoa Ky
http://www.4women.gov/

Cu'6'c chu
1  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
http://www.cdc.gov/DHDSP/announcements/american_heart_
month.htm
2  American Lung Association, http://www.lungusa.http://www.
lungusa.org/site/apps/s/content.asp?c=dvLUK9OOE&b=3470
6&ct=3052283
3  Muldon, S.B.; Cauley, J.A.;  Kuller, L.H.; Morrow, L;
Needleman, H.L.; Scott, J.; Hooper, F.J.; Effects of blood
levels on cognitive function of older women.
4 American Heart Association,
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter/jhtml?identifier=4419
5 Brook, R.D.; Franklin B.; Cascio W.; Hong, Y.; Howard G.;
Lipsett, M.; Luepker, R.; Mittleman, M.; Samet, J.; Smith Jr,
S.C.; and Tager, I., 2004. Air pollution and cardiovascular
disease. Circulation 109:2655-2671. http://circ.ahajournals.
org/cgi/content/full/109/21/2655
6 Zanobetti, A.; and Schwartz, J., 2007. Particulate air
pollution, progression, and survival after myocardial infarction.
Environmental Health Perspectives 115(5):769-774.
7 Miller, K.A.; Siscovick, D.S.; Sheppard, L; Shepherd,
K.; Sullivan, J.H.; Anderson, G.L; and Kaufman, J.D.,
2007. Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence
of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J of Med.
365(5):447-458.
8 Zanobetti, A. and Schwartz, J., 2002. Cardiovascular
damage by airborne particles: are diabetics are more
susceptible? Epidemiology 13(5): 588-592.
9 Barr, R.G.; Wentowski, C.C.; Grodstein, F.; Somers, S.C.;
Stampfer, M.J.;  Schwartz, J.; Speizer, F.E.; and Camargo,
C.A.  2004. Perspective study of postmenopausal hormone
use and newly diagnosed asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med. 164: 379 - 386.
10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
http://www.4woman.gov/minority/americanindian/diabetes.cfm.
11 National Poison Control Center Data, 1993-1998.
12 Dich, J.; Zahm, S.H.; Hanberg, A.; and Adami, H., 2004.
Pesticides and cancer. Cancer Causes & Control,8(3),
420-443.
13 Kamel, F. and Hoppin, J.A., 2004. Association of
pesticide exposure with neurologic dysfunction and disease.
Environmental Health Perspective, 112(9),950-958.
14 Nash, D.; Magder, L.S.; Sherwin, R.; Rubin, R.J.; and
Silbergeld,  E.K., 2004.  Bone density-related predictors of
blood lead level among pre- and postmenopausal women in
the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 160,
901-911.
15 Carpenter, D.O., 2001. Effects of metals on the nervous
system of humans and animals.  International Journal of
Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health,  14(3),
209-218.
 Vietnamese translation of:  Women and
 Environmental Health
 Publication Number EPA 100-F-08-012

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