Thang 3-2008 Benh tim la ke giet ngLr&i so 1 cua phu nu3 o> do tuoi I6>n hem 65 tuoi.1 Phu NCp va SLFC Khoe Moi Triporig Thong Tin cho Nhfrng Ngivai Lan Tuoi va Nhung Nguui Cham Soc Stic Khoe Cua Ho Co nhieu each moi truporig anh hLPcVng den SLPC khoe con ngum Mot moi truporig lanh manh co nhCpng anh hipong tich CLPC, mot moi trimng 6 nhiem co hai den SLPC khoe. Mot so anh hirong tieu CLPC co tac dong cu the den SLPC khoe phu nCp, dac biet la & nhCpng ngimi tren 50 tuoi. NhCpng chat gay 6 nhiem la yeu to SLPC khoe trong nhCpng can benh dime biet thong throng vi du nhLp benh phoi, cung nhLp la cac benh kinh nien khac. Cac can benh SLPC khoe kinh nien vi du nhLp cao huyet ap, benh tran khi phoi va viem phe quan kinh nien (COPD), va xuyen la pho bien ho-n doi vm phu nCp tren 50 tuoi so vcri dan ong & cung nhom tuoi.2 Trang SLP kien nay dLpa ra nhCpng thong tin ca hai ve nhCpng bLpac quy vj co the thyc hien de lam giam viec tiep xuc vcri cac chat 6 nhiem moi tapcmg va cac can benh can phai de phong vao do tuoi cua quy vj, dac biet la: Cac chat 6 nhiem trong khong khi quy vj hit thcV, NhCpng chat tay rCpa va thuoc trCp sau quy vj SLP dung xung quanh nha, va SLP tiep xuc vcVi chl cV tho-i tho7 au va dan den cac van de SLPC khoe sau khi man kinh.3 6 Nhilm Khong Khi 6 nhiem khong khi la khong khi bj nhiem ban vcVi cac chat doc hai. Cac vi du cua cac chat gay nhiem ban khong khi bao gom, nhLpng khong nan che doi vcVi: Cac tinh the nho, vi du nhLp khoi va bo hong tCp xe co; Cac chat khi, bao gom khi ozon (ozone) va cacbon monoxit (carbon monoxide); Cac mui, hcri thoat ra tCp than dot chay, dau, hoac dau ICpa va cac san pham tay rCpa gia dung va seen; va Khoi tCp thuoc la, cac 16 nung ngoai tro-i va cac bep nung blng cui. Cac tinh the nho va khi ozon dime ghi nhan nhLp la cac chat gay 6 nhiem khong khi tai hai nhat. Khong can thiet phai cV trong nha de tranh bj 6 nhiem khong khi. NhCpng tinh the nho co the bay qua cac cCpa so de mcV, cCpa ra vao, hoac thong qua cac may dieu hoa khong khi vao nha quy vj hoac ncri lam viec. Hay goi cho Trung Tarn Kiim Soat Ngo Doc Qudc Gia niu quy vj hoac ai do co nhCpng trieu chung da bj ngo doc (1-800-222-1222). ------- Neu khong co thong gio phu hop, khoi thuoc la, hoac cac mui, hcri tip cac san pham tay ripa co the tree nen co dac trong nha va nhanh chong lam giam chat lippng khong khi. Cac Tac Hai Cua 6 Nhilm Khong Khi Din SLFC Khoe Neu quy vj bj benh tim mach, 6 nhiem khong khi co the gay nen cac dao dong dot bien hoac tang nhjp tim cua quy vj.4 6 nhiem khong khi co the lam xau di chung vCpa xo7 dong mach vanh hoac cac can benh tim mach kinh nien ma co the gay nen con nhoi mau ca tim56 va co kha nang gay ra tip vong, dac biet la a nhCpng phu nCp sau tho-i ky man kinh.7 Neu quy vj bj benh phoi, khong khi 6 nhiem co the di vao dipong ho hap va gay nen cac van de SLPC khoe bao gom chung viem phoi, kho thcr, va lam tram trong them benh xuyen va benh tran khi phoi va viem phe quan kinh nien (COPD). Neu quy vj bj benh tieu dipong, tiep xuc vm khong khi 6 nhiem co the lam tang nguy ca bj nhoi mau co7 tim, tai bien mach mau nao, va cac van de khac ve tim mach.8 Lam Thl Nao d§ Tranh hoac Giam Thilu Sy Tilp Xuc d6i vai Khong Khi 6 Nhilm Kiem tra Chi So Chat Lirong Khong Khi (AQI) moi ngay. Chi so AQI thong bao do trong sach cua khong khi va se co anh hipang den SLPC khoe cua quy vj hay khong. Giam thieu hoat dong ngoai trm cua quy vj cang nhieu cang tot vao nhCmg ngay chat iLpgng khong khi kern. Quy vj co the vao website www.epa.gov/ airnow de tim hieu them ve chi so AQI. Quy vj cung co the tim hieu them ve chat iLpgng khong khi hang ngay qua cac ban bao thai tiet tren bao chi, truyen hlnh, va cac Ian song phat thanh. Cac Loai Thu6c Tru5 Sau va Chit Tly RCna Cac thuoc tn> sau va chat tay rCpa 6" cac dang nhip bot, chat dac quanh (gel), chat long, hoac phun xjt, la nhCmg hoa chat rat manh dipp'c SLK dung trong nha hoac ngoai vipcm de lau chui cac be mat va diet cac loai sau bo, con trung gay hai. SLK dung qua mipc cac chat hoa hoc doc hai nhip thuoc trip sau bo va cac chat tay ora co the dan den: Cac chung dau dau Chong mat Cac chung co rut ca blp Buon non, va Kiet SLPC Neu quy vj, mot thanh vien gia dlnh, hoac ban be gap phai mot trong nhCpng trieu chipng nay, hay goi cho trung tarn kiem soat ngo doc dja phipong cua quy vj. Cac khao sat cua phong cap CLPU cho thay ring tre em dipm 6 tuoi thipong bj ngo doc khi vieng tham cac ong, ba ncri cac chat doc hai thipong de trong tarn tay tre em va khong co cac nip van kin ngan tre em ma hon la a trong nhCpng ngoi nha cua cac em. Trong khi nhCpng ngipm Ian tuoi hon chiem it ho-n 3 phan tram cua cac vu bao cao ngo doc, thl con so nay co kha nang len den gap doi doi vai tre em va nhCpng ngipm tre tuoi ganh phai hau qua nghiem trong va nhieu gap 10 Ian kha nang tip vong do ket qua cua viec nhiem doc vm nhCpng hoa chat nay." Hon nCpa, viec tiep xuc lau dai vm thuoc trip sau da lien quan den cac van de ve SLPC khoe vi du nhip ung thip, va cac van de than kinh nhip la chipng mattri nho7.1213 Lam Thl Nao Dl Tranh hoac Giam Thilu SIP Tilp Xuc d6i y6>\ Thu6c Tru5 Sau hoac Cac Chit Tly RCpa GiCp cac san pham trong cac bao bl hang nguyen thuy. Hay doc ky lipong cac nhan hieu ky lipong va tuan theo tat ca cac chi dan de phong. Vipt bo cac loai thuoc trip sau va chat tay rCpa theo cac huwig dan tren nhan hieu. ------- Khi SLP dung cac san pham trong nha, hay mcV tat ca cac cCpa ra vao va cCpa so va van quat de dime thong gio day du. Chi dung san pham trong khu VLPC co van de. Hay nan che so iLppng quy vj SLP dung theo cac chi dan tren nhan hieu. Khong bao gio7 SLP dung cac san pham ngoai trm a trong nha. Hay chic chin dong cac cCpa ra vao va cCpa so cua nha quy vj trimc khi SLP dung cac san pham ngoai tro-i. Sau khi SLP dung cac san pham nay, hay luon luon rCpa sach cac ban tay cua quy vj va tat ca cac bo phan nao cua ca the hoac quan ao ma co the da bj nhiem vcVi nhCpng chat do. Chi Quy vj co biet ring chi ma quy vj tCpng bj nhiem trong cuoc song triple kia cua quy vj van con trong ca the quy vj hay khong? Chi dime ILPU lai trong cac ximng cua quy vj, ncri khong co gay bat ky nhCpng anh hipong tai hai nao cho SLPC khoe cho den khi cuoi cuoc dm. Trong suot thm ky man kinh, cac tich top xirong bj lao hoa va tiet thai lipo-ng chi tich luy vao trong dipo-ng huyet. Trong so nhCpng phu nCp \an tuoi, cac mipc chi trong mau co the len den 25 den 30 phan tram cao hern so vcVi trimc thm' ky man kinh.14 NhCpng lirong chi tang cao nay, ket ho-p vcVi viec tiep xuc vcVi moi tripong mpcVc hoac nha bj nhiem chi, co the gay nen cac tac dong tieu CLPC den SLPC khoe. Cac mipc chi cao trong mau co the lam tang nguy ca quy vj bj tang huyet ap, vCpa xa dong mach, va lam giam chipc nang cua than.14 Ho-n the nCpa, ngo doc co the dan den viec giam chipc nang nhan thipc, vcVi cac trieu chipng giong nhip bj mat tri nhcV.15 I I I I I I I Quy vj co biet? Viec ap dung phLPong phap dieu trj man kinh dung kich thich to (hooc mon) co the lam gia tang nguy ca quy vj bj benh xuyen.9 Trong nam 2003, hon 63.000 phu nCp tCp vong vl benh COPD, so vcVi 59.000 cV nam gicVi.2 Benh tieu dirong la van de SLPC khoe quan trong cua phu nCp, dac biet la dan My goc Chau Phi va tho dan Da Bo/ Alaska.10 I I I I I I I Quy Vj Co Thi Lam Gi? Hay di bac sy kham ngay lap tipc neu quy vj co cac trieu chipng nhip cac co-n dau dau, chong mat, co rut ca blp, buon non hoac kiet SLPC. Hay goi cho na\ cung cap nLPcVc cong cong dja phLPO-ng de lay cac ban bao cao thirong nien ve chat iLPO-ng nLPcVc uong. Hay nho7 phong thi nghiem co chCpng nhan tien hanh thCp nghiem cac gieng nLPcVc ca nhan hang nam. Be biet them thong tin, hay goi BLPong Day Khan Cap ve NLPCVC Uong An Toan cua EPA (EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline) (tai so 1-800-426-4791 hoac tai website: www.epa.gov/ safewater). BCpng dung den IcVp so-n co chCpa chi neu IcVp seen van con trong tlnh trang tot; dCpng cao hoac dot chay IcVp so-n co the chLpa chi. BCpng tLp mlnh gcV bo IcVp son. Be tranh rui ro bj nhiem chi, hay thue mot nhan vien cao sc^n chuyen nghiep co chCpng nhan. Toi Co Th§ Hoc Hoi Them Q Dau? Cac Van D§ V§ Ngu-cci Lan Tu6i Va Su>c Khoe Moi Tru'6'ng Be An Cho NgLpm' Gia Cua EPA dime lap ra de bao ve SLPC khoe cua nhCpng ngimi IcVn tuoi doi vcVi cac hiem hoa moi topong thong qua quan trj rui ro va cac giai phap ngan ngCpa, giao due, va nghien CLPU. Be biet them thong tin ve Be An Cho NgLpm' Gia Cua EPA, hay vao trang web www.epa.gov/aging ------- Nhung Ngii'cn Lan Tudi va Chat Lipong Khong Khi http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action= static.olderadults Chat Lipong Khong Khi Co Quart Bao Ve Mo; Trirong Chi S6 Chat Lirong Khong Khi www.airnow.gov Chat Lirong Khong Khi Trong Nha www.epa.gov/iaq/ Nhung Gia Cu> Khong Co Khoi Thudc www.epa.gov/smokefree/ Su>c Khoe Moi Tru'6'ng MedlinePlus www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ airpollution.html Benh Tim va Tai Biin Mach Mau Nao Hiep Hoi Tim Hoa Ky http://www.americanheart.org/presenter. jhtml?identifier=4786 Cac Benh Phdi Hoc Vien Tim Phdi va Huyet Hoc Qudc Gia http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/index. htm Hiep Hoi Phdi Hoa Ky http://www.lungusa.org Cac Van D§ Su>c Khoe Phu NO' Trung Tarn Nghien Cu-u Qudc Gia Ve Phu N& va Gia Binh http://www.center4research.org/ Bo Y Te va Con Nguvi Hoa Ky http://www.4women.gov/ Cu'6'c chu 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, http://www.cdc.gov/DHDSP/announcements/american_heart_ month.htm 2 American Lung Association, http://www.lungusa.http://www. lungusa.org/site/apps/s/content.asp?c=dvLUK9OOE&b=3470 6&ct=3052283 3 Muldon, S.B.; Cauley, J.A.; Kuller, L.H.; Morrow, L; Needleman, H.L.; Scott, J.; Hooper, F.J.; Effects of blood levels on cognitive function of older women. 4 American Heart Association, http://www.americanheart.org/presenter/jhtml?identifier=4419 5 Brook, R.D.; Franklin B.; Cascio W.; Hong, Y.; Howard G.; Lipsett, M.; Luepker, R.; Mittleman, M.; Samet, J.; Smith Jr, S.C.; and Tager, I., 2004. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Circulation 109:2655-2671. http://circ.ahajournals. org/cgi/content/full/109/21/2655 6 Zanobetti, A.; and Schwartz, J., 2007. Particulate air pollution, progression, and survival after myocardial infarction. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(5):769-774. 7 Miller, K.A.; Siscovick, D.S.; Sheppard, L; Shepherd, K.; Sullivan, J.H.; Anderson, G.L; and Kaufman, J.D., 2007. Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J of Med. 365(5):447-458. 8 Zanobetti, A. and Schwartz, J., 2002. Cardiovascular damage by airborne particles: are diabetics are more susceptible? Epidemiology 13(5): 588-592. 9 Barr, R.G.; Wentowski, C.C.; Grodstein, F.; Somers, S.C.; Stampfer, M.J.; Schwartz, J.; Speizer, F.E.; and Camargo, C.A. 2004. Perspective study of postmenopausal hormone use and newly diagnosed asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med. 164: 379 - 386. 10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, http://www.4woman.gov/minority/americanindian/diabetes.cfm. 11 National Poison Control Center Data, 1993-1998. 12 Dich, J.; Zahm, S.H.; Hanberg, A.; and Adami, H., 2004. Pesticides and cancer. Cancer Causes & Control,8(3), 420-443. 13 Kamel, F. and Hoppin, J.A., 2004. Association of pesticide exposure with neurologic dysfunction and disease. Environmental Health Perspective, 112(9),950-958. 14 Nash, D.; Magder, L.S.; Sherwin, R.; Rubin, R.J.; and Silbergeld, E.K., 2004. Bone density-related predictors of blood lead level among pre- and postmenopausal women in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 160, 901-911. 15 Carpenter, D.O., 2001. Effects of metals on the nervous system of humans and animals. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 14(3), 209-218. Vietnamese translation of: Women and Environmental Health Publication Number EPA 100-F-08-012 ------- |