Thang 3-2008
Benh tim la
ke giet ngLr&i
so 1 cua
phu nu3 o> do
tuoi I6>n hem
65 tuoi.1
Phu NCp va SLFC
Khoe Moi Triporig
Thong Tin cho Nhfrng Ngivai Lan Tuoi va
Nhung Nguui Cham Soc Stic Khoe Cua Ho
Co nhieu each moi
truporig anh hLPcVng den
SLPC khoe con ngum
Mot moi truporig lanh
manh co nhCpng anh hipong tich
CLPC, mot moi trimng 6 nhiem co hai
den SLPC khoe. Mot so anh hirong
tieu CLPC co tac dong cu the den SLPC
khoe phu nCp, dac biet la & nhCpng
ngimi tren 50 tuoi.
NhCpng chat gay 6 nhiem la yeu to
SLPC khoe trong nhCpng can benh
dime biet thong throng vi du nhLp
benh phoi, cung nhLp la cac benh
kinh nien khac. Cac can benh SLPC
khoe kinh nien vi du nhLp cao huyet
ap, benh tran khi phoi va viem phe
quan kinh nien (COPD), va xuyen
la pho bien ho-n doi vm phu nCp tren
50 tuoi so vcri dan ong & cung nhom
tuoi.2
Trang SLP kien nay dLpa ra nhCpng
thong tin ca hai ve nhCpng bLpac quy
vj co the thyc hien de lam giam viec
tiep xuc vcri cac chat 6 nhiem moi
tapcmg va cac can benh can phai de
phong vao do tuoi cua quy vj, dac
biet la:
Cac chat 6 nhiem trong khong
khi quy vj hit thcV,
NhCpng chat tay rCpa va thuoc trCp
sau quy vj SLP dung xung quanh
nha, va
SLP tiep xuc vcVi chl cV tho-i tho7 au
va dan den cac van de SLPC khoe
sau khi man kinh.3
6 Nhilm Khong Khi
6 nhiem khong khi la khong khi bj
nhiem ban vcVi cac chat doc hai. Cac
vi du cua cac chat gay nhiem ban
khong khi bao gom, nhLpng khong
nan che doi vcVi:
Cac tinh the nho, vi du nhLp khoi
va bo hong tCp xe co;
Cac chat khi, bao gom khi ozon
(ozone) va cacbon monoxit
(carbon monoxide);
Cac mui, hcri thoat ra tCp than dot
chay, dau, hoac dau ICpa va cac
san pham tay rCpa gia dung va
seen; va
Khoi tCp thuoc la, cac 16 nung
ngoai tro-i va cac bep nung blng
cui.
Cac tinh the nho va khi ozon dime
ghi nhan nhLp la cac chat gay 6
nhiem khong khi tai hai nhat.
Khong can thiet phai cV trong nha de
tranh bj 6 nhiem khong khi. NhCpng
tinh the nho co the bay qua cac cCpa
so de mcV, cCpa ra vao, hoac thong
qua cac may dieu hoa khong khi
vao nha quy vj hoac ncri lam viec.
Hay goi cho Trung Tarn Kiim Soat Ngo Doc Qudc Gia
niu quy vj hoac ai do co nhCpng trieu chung da bj
ngo doc (1-800-222-1222).
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Neu khong co thong gio phu hop, khoi thuoc la, hoac
cac mui, hcri tip cac san pham tay ripa co the tree nen
co dac trong nha va nhanh chong lam giam chat lippng
khong khi.
Cac Tac Hai Cua 6 Nhilm
Khong Khi Din SLFC Khoe
Neu quy vj bj benh tim mach, 6 nhiem khong khi co
the gay nen cac dao dong dot bien hoac tang nhjp
tim cua quy vj.4 6 nhiem khong khi co the lam xau
di chung vCpa xo7 dong mach vanh hoac cac can
benh tim mach kinh nien ma co the gay nen con
nhoi mau ca tim56 va co kha nang gay ra tip vong,
dac biet la a nhCpng phu nCp sau tho-i ky man kinh.7
Neu quy vj bj benh phoi, khong khi 6 nhiem co the
di vao dipong ho hap va gay nen cac van de SLPC
khoe bao gom chung viem phoi, kho thcr, va lam
tram trong them benh xuyen va benh tran khi phoi
va viem phe quan kinh nien (COPD).
Neu quy vj bj benh tieu dipong, tiep xuc vm khong
khi 6 nhiem co the lam tang nguy ca bj nhoi mau
co7 tim, tai bien mach mau nao, va cac van de khac
ve tim mach.8
Lam Thl Nao d§ Tranh hoac
Giam Thilu Sy Tilp Xuc d6i vai
Khong Khi 6 Nhilm
Kiem tra Chi So Chat Lirong Khong Khi (AQI) moi
ngay. Chi so AQI thong bao do trong sach cua khong
khi va se co anh hipang den SLPC khoe cua quy vj hay
khong. Giam thieu hoat dong ngoai trm cua quy vj
cang nhieu cang tot vao nhCmg ngay chat iLpgng khong
khi kern. Quy vj co the vao website www.epa.gov/
airnow de tim hieu them ve chi so AQI. Quy vj cung co
the tim hieu them ve chat iLpgng khong khi hang ngay
qua cac ban bao thai tiet tren bao chi, truyen hlnh, va
cac Ian song phat thanh.
Cac Loai Thu6c Tru5 Sau va
Chit Tly RCna
Cac thuoc tn> sau va chat tay rCpa 6" cac dang nhip
bot, chat dac quanh (gel), chat long, hoac phun xjt,
la nhCmg hoa chat rat manh dipp'c SLK dung trong nha
hoac ngoai vipcm de lau chui cac be mat va diet cac
loai sau bo, con trung gay hai. SLK dung qua mipc cac
chat hoa hoc doc hai nhip thuoc trip sau bo va cac chat
tay ora co the dan den:
Cac chung dau dau
Chong mat
Cac chung co rut ca blp
Buon non, va
Kiet SLPC
Neu quy vj, mot thanh vien gia dlnh, hoac ban be gap
phai mot trong nhCpng trieu chipng nay, hay goi cho
trung tarn kiem soat ngo doc dja phipong cua quy vj.
Cac khao sat cua phong cap CLPU cho thay ring tre em
dipm 6 tuoi thipong bj ngo doc khi vieng tham cac ong,
ba ncri cac chat doc hai thipong de trong tarn tay
tre em va khong co cac nip van kin ngan tre em ma
hon la a trong nhCpng ngoi nha cua cac em.
Trong khi nhCpng ngipm Ian tuoi hon chiem it ho-n 3
phan tram cua cac vu bao cao ngo doc, thl con so nay
co kha nang len den gap doi doi vai tre em va nhCpng
ngipm tre tuoi ganh phai hau qua nghiem trong va
nhieu gap 10 Ian kha nang tip vong do ket qua cua viec
nhiem doc vm nhCpng hoa chat nay." Hon nCpa, viec
tiep xuc lau dai vm thuoc trip sau da lien quan den cac
van de ve SLPC khoe vi du nhip ung thip, va cac van de
than kinh nhip la chipng mattri nho7.1213
Lam Thl Nao Dl Tranh hoac
Giam Thilu SIP Tilp Xuc d6i y6>\
Thu6c Tru5 Sau hoac Cac Chit
Tly RCpa
GiCp cac san pham trong cac bao bl hang nguyen
thuy. Hay doc ky lipong cac nhan hieu ky lipong va
tuan theo tat ca cac chi dan de phong.
Vipt bo cac loai thuoc trip sau va chat tay rCpa theo
cac huwig dan tren nhan hieu.
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Khi SLP dung cac san pham trong nha, hay mcV tat
ca cac cCpa ra vao va cCpa so va van quat de dime
thong gio day du.
Chi dung san pham trong khu VLPC co van de. Hay
nan che so iLppng quy vj SLP dung theo cac chi dan
tren nhan hieu.
Khong bao gio7 SLP dung cac san pham ngoai trm a
trong nha. Hay chic chin dong cac cCpa ra vao va
cCpa so cua nha quy vj trimc khi SLP dung cac san
pham ngoai tro-i.
Sau khi SLP dung cac san pham nay, hay luon luon
rCpa sach cac ban tay cua quy vj va tat ca cac bo
phan nao cua ca the hoac quan ao ma co the da
bj nhiem vcVi nhCpng chat do.
Chi
Quy vj co biet ring chi ma quy vj tCpng bj nhiem trong
cuoc song triple kia cua quy vj van con trong ca the
quy vj hay khong? Chi dime ILPU lai trong cac ximng
cua quy vj, ncri khong co gay bat ky nhCpng anh hipong
tai hai nao cho SLPC khoe cho den khi cuoi cuoc dm.
Trong suot thm ky man kinh, cac tich top xirong bj
lao hoa va tiet thai lipo-ng chi tich luy vao trong dipo-ng
huyet. Trong so nhCpng phu nCp \an tuoi, cac mipc chi
trong mau co the len den 25 den 30 phan tram cao
hern so vcVi trimc thm' ky man kinh.14
NhCpng lirong chi tang cao nay, ket ho-p vcVi viec tiep
xuc vcVi moi tripong mpcVc hoac nha bj nhiem chi, co
the gay nen cac tac dong tieu CLPC den SLPC khoe. Cac
mipc chi cao trong mau co the lam tang nguy ca quy
vj bj tang huyet ap, vCpa xa dong mach, va lam giam
chipc nang cua than.14 Ho-n the nCpa, ngo doc co the
dan den viec giam chipc nang nhan thipc, vcVi cac trieu
chipng giong nhip bj mat tri nhcV.15
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Quy vj co biet?
Viec ap dung phLPong phap dieu
trj man kinh dung kich thich to
(hooc mon) co the lam gia tang
nguy ca quy vj bj benh xuyen.9
Trong nam 2003, hon 63.000
phu nCp tCp vong vl benh COPD,
so vcVi 59.000 cV nam gicVi.2
Benh tieu dirong la van de SLPC
khoe quan trong cua phu nCp,
dac biet la dan My goc Chau Phi
va tho dan Da Bo/ Alaska.10
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Quy Vj Co Thi Lam Gi?
Hay di bac sy kham ngay lap tipc neu quy vj co cac
trieu chipng nhip cac co-n dau dau, chong mat, co rut
ca blp, buon non hoac kiet SLPC.
Hay goi cho na\ cung cap nLPcVc cong cong dja
phLPO-ng de lay cac ban bao cao thirong nien ve chat
iLPO-ng nLPcVc uong. Hay nho7 phong thi nghiem co
chCpng nhan tien hanh thCp nghiem cac gieng nLPcVc
ca nhan hang nam. Be biet them thong tin, hay goi
BLPong Day Khan Cap ve NLPCVC Uong An Toan cua
EPA (EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline) (tai so
1-800-426-4791 hoac tai website: www.epa.gov/
safewater).
BCpng dung den IcVp so-n co chCpa chi neu IcVp seen van
con trong tlnh trang tot; dCpng cao hoac dot chay IcVp
so-n co the chLpa chi.
BCpng tLp mlnh gcV bo IcVp son. Be tranh rui ro bj
nhiem chi, hay thue mot nhan vien cao sc^n chuyen
nghiep co chCpng nhan.
Toi Co Th§ Hoc Hoi Them Q Dau?
Cac Van D§ V§ Ngu-cci Lan Tu6i Va Su>c Khoe Moi
Tru'6'ng
Be An Cho NgLpm' Gia Cua EPA dime lap ra de bao ve
SLPC khoe cua nhCpng ngimi IcVn tuoi doi vcVi cac hiem hoa
moi topong thong qua quan trj rui ro va cac giai phap
ngan ngCpa, giao due, va nghien CLPU. Be biet them thong
tin ve Be An Cho NgLpm' Gia Cua EPA, hay vao trang
web www.epa.gov/aging
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Nhung Ngii'cn Lan Tudi va Chat Lipong
Khong Khi
http://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=
static.olderadults
Chat Lipong Khong Khi
Co Quart Bao Ve Mo; Trirong
Chi S6 Chat Lirong Khong Khi
www.airnow.gov
Chat Lirong Khong Khi Trong Nha
www.epa.gov/iaq/
Nhung Gia Cu> Khong Co Khoi Thudc
www.epa.gov/smokefree/
Su>c Khoe Moi Tru'6'ng
MedlinePlus
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/
airpollution.html
Benh Tim va Tai Biin Mach Mau Nao
Hiep Hoi Tim Hoa Ky
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.
jhtml?identifier=4786
Cac Benh Phdi
Hoc Vien Tim Phdi va Huyet Hoc Qudc Gia
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/lung/index.
htm
Hiep Hoi Phdi Hoa Ky
http://www.lungusa.org
Cac Van D§ Su>c Khoe Phu NO'
Trung Tarn Nghien Cu-u Qudc Gia Ve Phu
N& va Gia Binh
http://www.center4research.org/
Bo Y Te va Con Nguvi Hoa Ky
http://www.4women.gov/
Cu'6'c chu
1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
http://www.cdc.gov/DHDSP/announcements/american_heart_
month.htm
2 American Lung Association, http://www.lungusa.http://www.
lungusa.org/site/apps/s/content.asp?c=dvLUK9OOE&b=3470
6&ct=3052283
3 Muldon, S.B.; Cauley, J.A.; Kuller, L.H.; Morrow, L;
Needleman, H.L.; Scott, J.; Hooper, F.J.; Effects of blood
levels on cognitive function of older women.
4 American Heart Association,
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter/jhtml?identifier=4419
5 Brook, R.D.; Franklin B.; Cascio W.; Hong, Y.; Howard G.;
Lipsett, M.; Luepker, R.; Mittleman, M.; Samet, J.; Smith Jr,
S.C.; and Tager, I., 2004. Air pollution and cardiovascular
disease. Circulation 109:2655-2671. http://circ.ahajournals.
org/cgi/content/full/109/21/2655
6 Zanobetti, A.; and Schwartz, J., 2007. Particulate air
pollution, progression, and survival after myocardial infarction.
Environmental Health Perspectives 115(5):769-774.
7 Miller, K.A.; Siscovick, D.S.; Sheppard, L; Shepherd,
K.; Sullivan, J.H.; Anderson, G.L; and Kaufman, J.D.,
2007. Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence
of cardiovascular events in women. N Engl J of Med.
365(5):447-458.
8 Zanobetti, A. and Schwartz, J., 2002. Cardiovascular
damage by airborne particles: are diabetics are more
susceptible? Epidemiology 13(5): 588-592.
9 Barr, R.G.; Wentowski, C.C.; Grodstein, F.; Somers, S.C.;
Stampfer, M.J.; Schwartz, J.; Speizer, F.E.; and Camargo,
C.A. 2004. Perspective study of postmenopausal hormone
use and newly diagnosed asthma and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med. 164: 379 - 386.
10 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
http://www.4woman.gov/minority/americanindian/diabetes.cfm.
11 National Poison Control Center Data, 1993-1998.
12 Dich, J.; Zahm, S.H.; Hanberg, A.; and Adami, H., 2004.
Pesticides and cancer. Cancer Causes & Control,8(3),
420-443.
13 Kamel, F. and Hoppin, J.A., 2004. Association of
pesticide exposure with neurologic dysfunction and disease.
Environmental Health Perspective, 112(9),950-958.
14 Nash, D.; Magder, L.S.; Sherwin, R.; Rubin, R.J.; and
Silbergeld, E.K., 2004. Bone density-related predictors of
blood lead level among pre- and postmenopausal women in
the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 160,
901-911.
15 Carpenter, D.O., 2001. Effects of metals on the nervous
system of humans and animals. International Journal of
Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 14(3),
209-218.
Vietnamese translation of: Women and
Environmental Health
Publication Number EPA 100-F-08-012
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